(b) Special Order. If a subject is of such importance that it is desired to consider it at a special time in preference to the orders of the day and established order of business, then a motion should be made to make the question a "special order" for that particular time. This

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motion requires a two-thirds vote for its adoption, because it is really a suspension of the rules, and it is in order whenever a motion to suspend the rules is in order. If a subject is a special order for a particular day, then on that day it supersedes all business except the reading of the minutes. A special order can be postponed by a majority vote. If two special orders are made for the same day, the one first made takes precedence.

(c) Suspension of the Rules. It is necessary for every assembly, if discussion is allowed, to have rules to prevent its time being wasted, and to enable it to accomplish the object for which the assembly was organized. And yet at times their best interests are subserved by suspending their rules temporarily. In order to do this, some one makes a motion "to suspend the rules that interfere with," etc., stating the object of the suspension. If this motion is carried by a two-thirds vote, then the particular thing for which the rules were suspended can be done. By "general consent," that is, if no one objects, the rules can at any time be ignored without the formality of a motion.

(d) Questions of Order. It is the duty of the chairman to enforce the rules and preserve

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order, and when any member notices a breach of order, he can call for the enforcement of the rules. In such cases, when he rises he usually says, "Mr. Chairman, I rise to a point of order." The chairman then directs the speaker to take his seat, and having heard the point of order, decides the question and permits the first speaker to resume his speech, directing him to abstain from any conduct that was decided to be out of order. When a speaker has transgressed the rules of decorum he cannot continue his speech, if any one objects, without permission is granted him by a vote of the assembly. Instead of the above method, when a member uses improper language, some one says, "I call the gentleman to order;" when the chairman decides as before whether the language is disorderly.

(e) Appeal. While on all questions of order, and of interpretation of the rules and of priority of business, it is the duty of the chairman to first decide the question, it is the privilege of any member to "appeal from the decision." If the appeal is seconded, the chairman states his decision, and that it has been appealed from, and then states the question, thus: "Shall the decision of the chair stand as the judgment of the assembly?" [or society, convention, etc.]

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The chairman can then, without leaving the chair, state the reasons for his decision, after which it is open to debate (no member speaking but once), excepting in the following cases, when it is undebatable: (1) When it relates to transgressions of the rules of speaking, or to some indecorum, or to the priority of business; and (2) when the previous question was pending at the time the question of order was raised. After the vote is taken, the chairman states that the decision of the chair is sustained, or reversed, as the case may be.

62. Miscellaneous. (a) Reading of papers and (b) Withdrawal of a motion. If a speaker wishes to read a paper, or a member to withdraw his motion after it has been stated by the chair, it is necessary, if any one objects, to make a motion to grant the permission.

(c) Questions of Privilege. Should any disturbance occur during the meeting, or anything affecting the rights of the assembly or any of the members, any member may "rise to a question of privilege," and state the matter, which the chairman decides to be, or not to be, a matter of privilege: (from the chairman's decision of course an appeal can be taken). If the question is one of privilege, it supersedes,

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for the time being, the business before the assembly; its consideration can be postponed to another time, or the previous question can be ordered on it so as to stop debate, or it can be laid on the table, or referred to a committee to examine and report upon it. As soon as the question of privilege is in some way disposed of, the debate which was interrupted is resumed.

63. To Close the Meeting. (a) Fix the time to which to adjourn. If it is desired to have an adjourned meeting of the assembly, it is best some time before its close to move, "That when this assembly adjourns, it adjourns to meet at such a time," specifying the time. This motion can be amended by altering the time, but if made when another question is before the assembly, neither the motion nor the amendment can be debated. If made when no other business is before the assembly, it stands as any other main question, and can be debated. This motion can be made even while the assembly is voting on the motion to adjourn, but not when another member has the floor.

(b) Adjourn. In order to prevent an assembly

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from being kept in session an unreasonably long time, it is necessary to have a rule limiting the time that the floor can be occupied by any one member at one time.* [Ten minutes is allowed by these rules.] When it is desired to close the meeting, without the member who has the floor will yield it, the only resource is to wait till his time expires, and then a member who gets the floor should move "to adjourn." The motion being seconded, the chairman instantly put the question, as it allows of no amendment or debate; and if decided in the affirmative, he says, "The motion is carried;—this assembly stands adjourned." If the assembly is one that will have no other meeting, instead of "adjourned," he says "adjourned without day," or "sine die." If previously it had been decided when they adjourned to adjourn to a particular time, then he states that the assembly stands adjourned to that time. If the motion to adjourn is qualified by specifying the time, as, "to adjourn to to-morrow evening," it cannot be made when any other question is before the assembly; like any other main motion, it can then be amended and debated.** [For the effect of an adjournment upon unfinished business see Sec. 69.]

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64. Order of Precedence of Motions. The ordinary motions rank as follows, and any of them (except to amend) can be made while one of a lower order is pending, but none can supersede one of a higher order:

To Fix the Time to which to Adjourn. To Adjourn (when unqualified). For the Orders of the Day. To Lie on the Table. For the Previous Question. To Postpone to a Certain Time. To Commit. To Amend. To Postpone Indefinitely.

The motion to Reconsider can be made when any other question is before the assembly, but cannot be acted upon until the business then before the assembly is disposed of; when, if called up, it takes precedence of all other motions except to adjourn and to fix the time to which to adjourn. Questions incidental to those before the assembly take precedence of them, and must be acted upon first.

A question of order, a call for the orders of the day, or an objection to the consideration of a question, can be made while another member has the floor: so, too, can a motion to reconsider, but it can only be entered on the minutes

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at that time, as it cannot supersede the question then before the assembly.

Art. XIII. Debate.

65. Rules of Speaking in Debate. All remarks must be addressed to the chairman, and must be confined to the question before the assembly, avoiding all personalities and reflections upon any one's motives. It is usual for permanent assemblies to adopt rules limiting the number of times any member can speak to the same question, and the time allowed for each speech;* [In Congress the House of Representatives allows from each member only one speech of one hour's length; the Senate allows two speeches without limit as to length.] as otherwise one member, while he could speak only once to the same question, might defeat a measure by prolonging his speech and declining to yield the floor except for a motion to adjourn. In ordinary assemblies two speeches should be allowed each member (except upon an appeal), and these rules also limit the time for each speech to ten minutes. A majority can permit a member to speak oftener or longer whenever it is desired, and the motion granting such permission cannot be debated.

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However, if greater freedom is wanted, it is only necessary to consider the question informally, or if the assembly is large, go into committee of the whole.* [See Rules of Order, Sec.Sec. 32, 33.] If on the other hand it is desired to limit the debate more, or close it altogether, it can be done by a two-thirds vote, as shown in Sec. 58 (b).

66. Undebatable Questions and those Opening the Main Question to Debate. [A full list of these will be found in Sec. 35, to which the reader is referred. To the undebatable motions in that list, should be added the motion to close or limit debate.]

Art. XIV. Miscellaneous.

67. Forms of Stating and Putting Questions. Whenever a motion has been made and seconded, it is the duty of the chairman, if the motion is in order, to state the question so that the assembly may know what question is before them. The seconding of a motion is required to prevent a question being introduced when only one member is in favor of it, and consequently

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but little attention is paid to it in mere routine motions, or when it is evident that many are in favor of the motion; in such cases the chairman assumes that the motion is seconded.

Often in routine work the chairman puts the question without waiting for even a motion, as few persons like to make such formal motions, and much time would be wasted by waiting for them: (but the chairman can only do this as long as no one objects.) The following motions, however, do not have to be seconded: (a) a call for the orders of the day; (b) a call to order, or the raising of any question of order; and (c) an objection to the consideration of a question.

One of the commonest forms of stating a question is to say that, "It is moved and seconded that," and then give the motion. When an amendment has been voted on, the chairman announces the result, and then says, "The question now recurs on the resolution," or, "on the resolution as amended," as the case may be. So in all cases, as soon as a vote is taken, he should immediately state the question then before the assembly, if there be any. If the motion is debatable or can be amended, the chairman, usually after stating the question, and

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always before finally putting it, inquires, "Are you ready for the question?" Some of the common forms of stating and putting questions are shown in Sec.Sec. 46-48. The forms of putting the following questions, are, however, peculiar:

If a motion is made to Strike out certain words, the question is put in this form: "Shall these words stand as a part of the resolution?" so that on a tie vote they are struck out.

If the Previous Question is demanded, it is put thus: "Shall the main question be now put?"

If an Appeal is made from the decision of the Chair, the question is put thus: "Shall the decision of the Chair stand as the judgment of the assembly?" [convention, society, etc.] If the Orders of the Day are called for, the question is put thus: "Will the assembly now proceed to the Orders of the Day?"

When, upon the introduction of a question, some one objects to its consideration, the chairman immediately puts the question thus: "Will the assembly consider it?" or, "Shall the question be considered?" [or discussed.]

If the vote has been ordered to be taken by yeas and nays, the question is put in a form similar to the following: "As many as are in favor of the adoption of these resolutions, will, when their names are called, answer yes [or aye]—those opposed will answer no."

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68. Motions requiring a two-thirds vote.* [See Two-thirds Vote, page 159, and Sec. 39 of Rules of Order.]

All motions that have the effect to make a variation from the established rules and customs, should require a two-thirds vote for their adoption. Among these established customs should be regarded the right of free debate upon the merits of any measure, before the assembly can be forced to take final action upon it. The following motions would come under this rule:

To amend or suspend the rules. To make a special order. To take up a question out of its proper order. An objection to the consideration of a question. The Previous Question, or a motion to limit or close debate.

69. Unfinished Business. When an assembly adjourns, the unfinished business comes up at the adjourned meeting, if one is held, as the first business after the reading of the minutes; if there is no adjourned meeting, the unfinished business comes up immediately before new business at the next regular meeting, provided the regular meetings are more frequent than yearly.** [See Rules of Order, Sec. 11, for a fuller explanation of the effect of an adjournment upon unfinished business, and the Congressional practice.] If the meetings are only once a

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year, the adjournment of the session puts an end to all unfinished business.

70. Session. Each regular meeting of a society constitutes a separate session. Any meeting which is not an adjournment of another meeting, commences a new session; the session terminates as soon as the assembly "adjourns without day."* [In ordinary practice, a meeting is closed by moving simply "to adjourn;" the society meet again at the time provided either by their rules or by a resolution of the society. If they do not meet till the time for the next regular meeting, as provided in the By-Laws, then the adjournment closed the session, and was in effect an adjournment without day. If, however, they had previously fixed the time for the next meeting, either by a direct vote, or by adopting a programme of exercises covering several meetings or even days, in either case the adjournment is in effect to a certain day, and does not close the session.]

When an assembly has meetings for several days consecutively, they all constitute one session. Each session of a society is independent of the other sessions, excepting as expressly provided in their Constitution, By-Laws, or Rules of Order, and excepting that resolutions adopted by one session are in force during succeeding sessions until rescinded by a majority vote [see note to Sec. 49].

Where a society holds more than one regular session a year, these rules limit the independence of each session as follows: (a) The Order of Business prescribed in Sec. 72 requires that the

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minutes of the previous meeting, the reports of committees previously appointed, and the unfinished business of the last session, shall all take precedence of new business, and that no subject can be considered out of its proper order, except by a two-thirds vote; (b) it is allowable to postpone a question to the next session, when it comes up with unfinished business, but it is not allowable to postpone to a day beyond the next session, and thus interfere with the right of the next session to consider the question; (c) a motion to reconsider a vote can be made at one meeting and called up at the next meeting even though it be another session, provided the society holds its regular sessions as frequently as monthly.* [See Rules of Order, Sec. 42, for a full discussion of this subject.]

71. Quorum. [See Sec. 43 for full information on this subject.]

72. Order of Business. Every society should adopt an order of business adapted to its special wants. The following is the usual order where no special rule is adopted, and when more than one regular meeting is held each year:

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(1) Reading of the minutes of the last meeting. (2) Reports of Boards of Trustees or Managers, and Standing Committees. (3) Reports of Select Committees. (4) Unfinished Business (including questions postponed to this meeting). (5) New Business.

Business cannot be considered out of its order, except by a two-thirds vote; but a majority can lay on the table the different questions as they come up, and thus reach a subject they wish first to consider. If a subject has been made a Special Order for this meeting, then it is to be considered immediately after the minutes are read.

73. Amendments of Constitutions, By-Laws and Rules of Order, should be permitted only when adopted by a two-thirds vote, at a regular meeting of the society, after having been proposed at the previous regular meeting. If the meetings are very frequent, weekly, for instance, amendments should be adopted only at the quarterly meetings, after having been proposed at the previous quarterly meeting.

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Legal Rights of Assemblies and the Trial of their Members.

The Right of Deliberative Assemblies to Punish their Members. A deliberative assembly has the inherent right to make and enforce its own laws and punish an offender—the extreme penalty, however, being expulsion from its own body. When expelled, if the assembly is a permanent society, it has a right, for its own protection, to give public notice that the person has ceased to be a member of that society.

But it has no right to go beyond what is necessary for self protection and publish the charges against the member. In a case where a member of a society was expelled, and an officer of the society published, by their order, a statement of the grave charges upon which he had been found guilty, the expelled member recovered damages from the officer, in a suit for libel—the court holding that the truth of the charges did not affect the case.

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The Right of an Assembly to Eject any one from its place of meeting. Every deliberative assembly has the right to decide who may be present during its session, and when the assembly, either by a rule or by a vote, decides that a certain person shall not remain in the room, it is the duty of the chairman to enforce the rule or order, using whatever force is necessary to eject the party.

The chairman can detail members to remove the person, without calling upon the police. If, however, in enforcing the order, any one uses harsher treatment than is necessary to remove the person, the courts have held that he, and he alone is liable to prosecution, just the same as a policeman would be under similar circumstances. However badly the man may be abused while being removed from the room, neither the chairman nor the society are liable for damages, as, in ordering his removal, they did not exceed their legal rights.

Rights of Ecclesiastical Tribunals. Many of our deliberative assemblies are ecclesiastical bodies, and it is important to know how much respect will be paid to their decisions by the civil courts.

A church became divided and each party

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claimed to be the church, and therefore entitled to the church property. The case was taken into the civil courts, and finally, on appeal, to the U. S. Supreme Court, which held the case under advisement for one year, and then reversed the decision of the State Court, because it conflicted with the decision of the highest ecclesiastical court that had acted upon the case. The Supreme Court, in rendering its decision, laid down the broad principle that, when a local church is but a part of a larger and more general organization or denomination, it will accept the decision of the highest ecclesiastical tribunal to which the case has been carried within that general church organization, as final, and will not inquire into the justice or injustice of its decree as between the parties before it. The officers, the ministers, the members, or the church body which the highest judiciary of the denomination recognizes, the court will recognize. Whom that body expels or cuts off, the court will hold to be no longer members of that church.

Trial of Members of Societies. Every deliberative assembly, having the right to purify its own body, must therefore have the right to investigate the character of its members.

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It can require any of them to testify in the case, under pain of expulsion if they refuse. In Sec. 36 is shown the method of procedure when a member is charged with violating the rules of decorum in debate. If the disorderly words are of a personal nature, before the assembly proceeds to deliberate upon the case, both parties to the personality should retire. It is not necessary for the member objecting to the words to retire, unless he is personally involved in the case.

When the charge is against the member's character, it is usually referred to a committee of investigation or discipline, or to some standing committee to report upon. Some societies have standing committees, whose duty it is to report cases for discipline whenever any are known to them.

In either case the committee investigate the matter and report to the society. This report need not go into details, but should contain their recommendations as to what action the society should take, and should usually close with resolutions covering the case, so that there is no need for any one to offer any additional resolutions upon it. The ordinary resolutions, where the member is recommended to be expelled,

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are (1) to fix the time to which the society shall adjourn; and (2) to instruct the clerk to cite the member to appear before the society at this adjourned meeting to show cause why he should not be expelled, upon the following charges, which should then be given.

After charges are preferred against a member and the assembly has ordered that he be cited to appear for trial, he is theoretically under arrest, and is deprived of all the rights of membership until his case is disposed of.

The clerk should send the accused a written notice to appear before the society at the time appointed, and should at the same time furnish him with a copy of the charges. A failure to obey the summons is generally cause enough for summary expulsion.

At the appointed meeting, what may be called the trial, takes place. Frequently the only evidence required against the member is the report of the committee. After it has been read and any additional evidence offered that the committee may see fit to introduce, the accused should be allowed to make an explanation and introduce witnesses if he so desires. Either party should be allowed to cross-examine the other's witnesses and introduce rebutting testimony.

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When the evidence is all in, the accused should retire from the room, and the society deliberate upon the question, and finally act by a vote upon the question of expulsion or other punishment proposed.

In acting upon the case, it must be borne in mind that there is a vast distinction between the evidence necessary to convict in a civil court and that required to convict in an ordinary society or ecclesiastical body. A notorious pickpocket could not even be arrested, much less convicted, by a civil court, simply on the ground of being commonly known as a pickpocket; while such evidence would convict and expel him from any ordinary society.

The moral conviction of the truth of the charge is all that is necessary in an ecclesiastical or other deliberative body, to find the accused guilty of the charges.

If the trial is liable to be long and troublesome, or of a very delicate nature, the member is frequently cited to appear before a committee, instead of the society, for trial. In this case the committee report to the society the result of their trial of the case, with resolutions covering the punishment which they recommend the society to adopt.

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TABLE OF RULES

RELATING TO MOTIONS.

[This Table contains the answers to more than two hundred questions on parliamentary law, and should always be consulted before referring to the body of the Manual.]

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TABLE OF RULES RELATING TO MOTIONS.

Explanation of the Table. A Star shows that the rule heading the column in which it stands, applies to the motion opposite to which it is placed: a blank shows that the rule does not apply: a figure shows that the rule only partially applies, the figure referring to the note on the next page showing the limitations. Take, for example, "Lie on the table:" the Table shows that Sec. 19 of the Pocket Manual treats of this motion; that it is "undebatable" and "cannot be amended;" and that an affirmative vote on it (as shown in note 3) "cannot be reconsidered:" — the four other columns being blank, show that this motion does not "open the main question to debate," that it does not "require a 2/3 vote," that it does "require to be seconded," and that it is not "in order when another member has the floor."

The column headed "Requires a two-thirds vote," applies only where the "Pocket Manual of Rules of Order," or similar rules, have been adopted. [See "Two-thirds Vote," on next page, under Miscellaneous Rules.]

After the note to the Table is some additional information that a chairman should always have at hand, such as the Order of Precedence of Motions, the Forms Of Putting Certain Questions, etc.

In order when another has the floor [Sec. 2] - Requires no Second [Sec. 3] - Requires a 2/3 vote [Sec. 39] See Note 1. - Cannot be Reconsidered [Sec. 27] - Cannot be Amended [Sec. 23] - Opens Main Question to Debate [Sec. 35] - Undebatable [Sec. 35]- - Section in Pocket Manual 11 Adjourn ............................................. x . x x . . . 10 Adjourn, Fix the Time to which to ................... 2 . . . . . . 23 Amend ............................................... . . . . . . . 23 Amend an Amendment .................................. . . x . . . . 43 Amend the Rules ..................................... . . . . x . . 14 Appeal, relating to indecorum, etc., [6] ............ x . x . . . x 14 Appeal, all other cases ............................. . . x . . . x 14 Call to Order ....................................... x . x . . x x 37 Close Debate, motion to ............................. x . . . x . . 22 Commit .............................................. . x . . . . . 31 Extend the limits of debate, motion to .............. x . . . . . . 10 Fix the Time to which to Adjourn .................... 2 . . . . . . 15 Leave to continue speaking when guilty of indecorum x . x . . . . 19 Lie on the Table .................................... x . x 3 . . . 37 Limit Debate, motion to ............................. x . . . x . . 13 Objection to Consideration of a Question [7] ........ x . x . x x x 13 Orders of the Day, motion for the ................... x . x . . x x 21 Postpone to a certain time .......................... 4 . . . . . . 24 Postpone indefinitely ............................... . x x . . . . 20 Previous Question ................................... x . x . x . . 44 Priority of Business, questions relating to ......... x . . . . . . 16 Reading Papers ...................................... x . x . . . . 27 Reconsider a debatable question ..................... . x x . . . 5 27 Reconsider an undebatable question .................. x . x . . . 5 22 Refer (same as Commit) .............................. . x . . . . . 11 Rise (in Committee equals Adjourn) .................. x . x x . . . 11 Shall the question be discussed? [7] ................ x . x . x x x 61 Special Order, to make a ............................ . . . . x . . 23 Substitute (same as Amend) .......................... . . . . . . . 18 Suspend the Rules ................................... x . x x x . . 59 Take from the table ................................. x . x 3 . . . 44 Take up a question out of its proper order .......... x . x . x . . 17 Withdrawal of a motion .............................. x . x . . . .

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Notes To The Table.

(1) This column only applies to assemblies that have adopted these Rules. If no rules are adopted, a majority vote is sufficient for the adoption of any motion, except to "suspend the rules," which requires a unanimous vote. [See Two-thirds Vote, below.]

(2) Undebatable if made when another question is before the assembly.

(3) An affirmative vote on this motion cannot be reconsidered.

(4) Allows of but limited debate upon the propriety of the postponement.

(5) Can be moved and entered on the record when another has the floor, but cannot interrupt the business then before the assembly; it must be made on the day the original vote was taken, and by one who voted with the prevailing side.

(6) An appeal is undebatable only when relating to indecorum, or to transgressions of the rules of speaking, or to the priority of business, or when made while the Previous Question is pending. When debatable, only one speech from each member is permitted.

(7) The objection can only be made when the question is first introduced, before debate.

MISCELLANEOUS RULES.

Order of Precedence of Motions.

The ordinary motions rank as follows, and any of them (except to amend) can be made while one of a lower order is pending, but none can supercede one of a higher order:

To Fix the Time to which to Adjourn. To Adjourn (when unqualified). For the Orders of the Day. To Lie on the Table. For the Previous Question. To Postpone to a Certain Time. To Commit. To Amend. To Postpone Indefinitely.

The motion to Reconsider can be made when any other question is before the assembly, but cannot be acted upon until the business then before the assembly is disposed of [see note 5 above], when, if called up, it takes precedence of all other motions except to adjourn and to fix the time to which to adjourn. Questions incidental to those before the assembly, take precedence of them and must be acted upon first.

Two-thirds Vote.

In Congress the only motions requiring a two-thirds vote, are to suspend or amend the Rules, to take up business out of its proper order, and to make a special order. In ordinary societies harmony is so essential, that a two-thirds vote should be required to force the assembly to a final vote upon a resolution without allowing free debate. The Table conforms to the Rules of Order, which are based upon this principle. If an assembly has adopted no Rules of Order, then a majority vote is sufficient for the adoption of any motion, except to "suspend the rules," which would require a unanimous vote.

Forms of Putting Certain Questions.

If a motion is made to Strike out certain words, the question is put in this form: "Shall these words stand as a part of the resolution?" so that on a tie vote they are struck out.

If the Previous Question is demanded, it is put thus: "Shall the main question now be put?"

If an Appeal is made from the decision of the Chair, the question is put thus: "Shall the decision of the Chair stand as the judgement of the assembly?" [convention, society, etc.].

If the Orders of the Day are called for, the question is put thus: "Will the assembly now proceed to the Orders of the Day?"

When, upon the introduction of a question, some one objects to its consideration, the chairman immediately puts the question thus: "Will the assembly consider it?" or "Shall the question be considered?" [or discussed.]

If the vote has been ordered to be taken by yeas and nays, the question is put in a form similar to the following: "As many as are in favor of the adoption of these resolutions, will, when their names are called, answer yes [or aye]—those opposed will answer no."

Various Forms of Amendments.

An Amendment may be either (1) by "adding" or (2) by "striking out" words or paragraphs; or (3) by "striking out certain words and inserting others;" or (4) by "substituting" a different motion on the same subject; or (5) by "dividing the question" into two or more questions, so as to get a separate vote on any particular point or points.

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Additions and Corrections.

[These corrections, though mostly contained in other parts of the Manual, are also needed in the places here indicated.]

19th page, 7th line, after "Sec. 13" insert a star referring to this note: "See note to Sec. 61." 50th '' 2d line of last note, omit all after "reconsideration." 51st '' at end of 12th line, insert "upon another day." '' '' 10th line, insert a star, referring to this note: "In Congress the effect always terminates with the session, and it cannot be called up by any one but the mover, until the expiration of the time during which it is in order to move a reconsideration." 69th '' 4th line, after "Sec. 34," insert "or limiting or closing debate." 72d '' 17th line, insert a star referring to this note: "If both are personally interested. [See p. 161.]" 73d '' last line of note, insert "final" before "vote." 80th '' add to the list in Sec. 39 the motion "To make a special order."

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INDEX.

The figures from 1 to 45 refer to sections in Part I; those greater than 45, to sections in Part II. A complete list of motions will be found in the Index, under the title Motions, list of. The arrangement of the work can be most easily seen by examining the Table of Contents [pp. 5-8]; its plan is explained in the Introduction, pp. 12-15. SECTION.

Adjourn, motion to ............................................. 11, 63b when in order ................................................ 11, 64 effect upon unfinished business .............................. 11, 69 motion to "fix the time to which to adjourn" .................. 10, 63 Amendment, motion to "amend" .................................. 23, 56a by "adding" or "striking out" ................................ 23, 56a by "striking out and inserting" .............................. 23, 56a by "substituting" ............................................ 23, 56a by "dividing the question" ................................ 4, 23, 56a of an amendment .............................................. 23, 56a in committee .................................................. 28, 53 in committee of the whole ........................................ 32 of reports or propositions with several paragraphs ........... 44, 48b of Rules of Order, By-Laws and Constitutions .................. 45, 73 motions that cannot be amended ............................... 23, 56a Announcing the vote. See Forms. Appeal from the decision of the chair .......................... 14, 61e Apply, meaning of (Introduction, page 14). Assembly, how organized ..................................... 46, 47, 48 the word to be replaced by Society, Convention, etc., when it occurs in forms of questions, p 16. legal rights of, pp. 158-163. right to punish members, p. 158. right to eject persons from their room, p. 159. trial of members, p. 160. Ayes and Noes. See Yeas and Nays, Sec. 38. Ballot .............................................................. 38 Blanks, filling of .................................................. 25 in balloting, not to be counted ................................... 38

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Boards of Trustees, Managers, etc., their reports in order when reports of standing committees are made ............ 44, 72 (See Quorum.) Business, introduction of ...................................... 1-5, 54 order of ...................................................... 44, 72 unfinished, effect of an adjournment upon ..................... 11, 69 [See Priority of Business.] By-Laws, what they should contain ................................... 49 adoption of ...................................................... 46a amendment of .................................................. 45, 73 Chairman, duties of ............................................. 40, 50 election of ...................................................... 46a temporary ..................................................... 40, 47 of a committee ................................................ 28, 53 of committee of the whole ........................................... 32 Change of Vote allowed before result is announced ................... 38 Classification of Motions according to their object ................. 55 into Privileged, Incidental, Subsidiary, etc. .................... 6-9 Clerk, duties of ................................................ 41, 51 additional duties of when receiving money ......................... 52 election of ...................................................... 46a Commit, motion to .............................................. 22, 56b Committees, appointment of ..................................... 22, 46c how they should be composed ................................... 22, 53 object of ..................................................... 28, 53 manner of conducting business in .............................. 28, 53 Reports of, their form ........................................ 29, 53 their reception ............................................ 30, 46c their adoption ............................................. 31, 46c their place in the order of business ........................ 44, 72 common errors in acting upon (note) ........................ 30, 46c Minority Reports of, their form ............................... 29, 53 to be acted upon must be moved as a substitute for the committee's report ................................ 28, 53 of the whole ...................................................... 32 as if in committee of the whole ................................... 33

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Congress, rules of, the basis of this work, pp. 10-12. Consideration of a question, objection to ...................... 15, 59a Constitutions, what they should contain ............................. 49 adoption of by a society ......................................... 48b amendment of .................................................. 45, 73 Convention, manner of organizing and conducting a meeting of ..................................................... 47 Credentials of delegates ............................................ 47 Debate, what precedes ............................................ 3, 54 no member to speak but twice in same .......................... 34, 65 no member to speak longer than ten minutes at one time ........................................................ 34, 65 a majority can extend the number and length of speeches allowed ........................................... 34, 65 number of speeches and time allowed in Congress (note) ...................................................... 34, 65 member introducing measure has right to close ..................... 34 list of undebatable questions ................................. 35, 66 motions that open the main question to ............................ 35 principles regulating the extent of (see note) .................... 35 decorum in .................................................... 36, 65 closing or limiting ........................................... 37, 58 Decorum in debate ............................................... 36, 65 Definitions of various terms [Introduction, p. 15]. Delegates, organization of a meeting of ............................. 47 Division of the assembly ............................................ 38 of questions [see Amendment] .................................. 4, 56a Ecclesiastical Tribunals, legal rights of, p. 159. Election of Officers ........................................... 46a, 47 Fix the time to which to Adjourn, motion to .................... 10, 63a Floor, how to obtain ............................................. 2, 54 Forms of making motions ......................................... 46, 54 of stating and putting questions .............................. 38, 67 of announcing the result of a vote ............................ 38, 54 of reports of committees ...................................... 29, 53 of treasurers' reports ............................................ 52 of minutes of a meeting ....................................... 41, 51

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Forms-Continued.

of conducting an occasional or mass meeting ....................... 46 of conducting a meeting of delegates .............................. 47 of conduction a meeting to organize a society ..................... 48 of conducting an ordinary meeting of a society ................... 48b Incidental questions ................................................. 8 Indefinite postponement ........................................ 24, 59b Informal consideration of a question ................................ 33 Introduction of Business ....................................... 1-5, 54 Journal, or minutes ............................................. 41, 51 Legal Rights. See Assembly and Ecclesiastical Tribunals. Lie on the table, motion to ............................... 19, 57b, 59c Main question ........................................................ 6 Majority. See Two-thirds and Quorum. Meeting, distinction between it and session ..................... 42, 70 [See also Introduction, page 15.] how to conduct. See Forms. Members not to be present during a debate or vote concerning themselves ............................................. 36 trial of, p. 160. Minority Report. See Committees. Minutes, form and contents of ................................... 41, 51 Moderator. See Chairman. Modification of a motion by the mover ................................ 5 Motions, list of. [For details, see each motion in the Index.] Adjourn ...................................................... 11, 63b Adjourn, Fix the time to which to ............................ 10, 63a Amend ........................................................ 23, 56a Adopt a report (same as accept or agree to) .................. 31, 46c Appeal ....................................................... 14, 61e Blanks, filling ................................................... 25 Call to order ................................................ 14, 61d Close debate .................................................. 37, 58 Commit ....................................................... 22, 56b Consideration of a question, objection to ................... 15, 59a Divide the question ....................................... 4, 23, 56a

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Motions-Continued.

Extend the limits of debate ................................... 34, 65 Fix the time to which to adjourn ............................. 10, 63a Incidental motions or questions .................................... 8 Indefinitely postpone ........................................ 24, 59b Informal consideration of a question .............................. 33 Leave to continue speech when guilty of indecorum ................. 36 Leave to withdraw a motion ................................... 17, 62b Lie on the table ........................................ 19, 57b, 59c Limit Debate ................................................. 37, 58b Main motions or questions .......................................... 6 Objection to the consideration of a question ................. 15, 59a Order, questions of .......................................... 14, 61d Orders of the day ............................................ 13, 61a Orders, special .................................................. 61b Postpone to a certain day .................................... 21, 57a Postpone indefinitely ........................................ 24, 59b Previous question ............................................ 20, 58a Principal motions or questions ..................................... 6 Priority of Business, questions relating to ....................... 35 Privileged motions or questions .................................... 9 Privilege, questions of ...................................... 12, 62c Reading papers ................................................ 16, 62 Reception of a report [see Committees] ....................... 30, 46c Recommit [same as Commit] ..................................... 22, 56 Reconsider .................................................... 27, 60 Refer [same as Commit] ....................................... 22, 56b Renewal of a motion ........................................... 26, 60 Rise [in committee, equals adjourn] ........................... 11, 32 Shall the question be considered? [or discussed] ............. 15, 59a Special Order, to make a ......................................... 61b Strike out [see Amendment] ................................... 23, 56a Subsidiary motions or questions .................................... 7 Substitute (same as Amendment, which see) .................... 23, 56a Suspension of the Rules ...................................... 18, 61c Take from the table [see Lie on the table] ................... 19, 57b Take up a question out of its proper order .................... 44, 72 Withdrawal of a motion ........................................ 17, 62

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Motions, tabular view of rules relating to, page 166. classified according to their object .............................. 55 classified into Privileged, Incidental, Subsidiary, etc. ......... 6-9 order of precedence of [see each motion, Sec.Sec. 10-27] ................ 64 how to be made .......................................... 1, 2, 46, 54 a second required (with certain exceptions) .................... 3, 67 to be stated by chairman before being discussed ................ 3, 54 when to be in writing .......................................... 4, 54 how to be divided .................................................. 4 how to be modified by the mover ............................. 3, 5, 17 how to be stated and put to the question ...................... 38, 67 that cannot be amended ....................................... 23, 56a that cannot be debated ........................................ 35, 66 that open main question to debate ................................. 35 that require two-thirds vote for their adoption ............... 39, 68 Nominations, how treated ....................................... 25, 46a Numbers of paragraphs to be corrected by clerk without a vote ............................................................ 23 Objection to the consideration (discussion or introduction of a question ................................................ 15, 59a Officers of an assembly. See Chairman, Clerk, Treasurer and Vice-Presidents. Order, questions of and a call to .............................. 14, 61d of business ................................................... 44, 72 of the day ................................................... 13, 61a distinction between, and rules of the assembly (note) .......... 61a special .......................................................... 61b of precedence of motions. See Precedence. Organization of an occasional or mass meeting ...................... 46a of a convention or assembly of delegates .......................... 47 of a permanent society ............................................ 48 Papers and documents, reading of ................................ 16, 62 in custody of clerk ........................................... 41, 51 Parliamentary Law, its origin, etc., (Introduction. p. 9.) Plan of the Manual, (Introduction, page 12.) of Part I, Rules of Order, (Introduction, page 13.) of Part II, Organization and Conduct of Business, (Introduction, page 14.)

=== Page 175 ===========================================================

Postpone to a certain time ..................................... 21, 57a indefinitely ................................................. 24, 59b Preamble, considered after the rest of a paper ...................... 44 Precedence of motions [see each motion, Sec.Sec. 10-27] ................... 64 meaning of, (Introduction, page 14.) Presiding Officer. See Chairman. Previous Question .............................................. 20, 58a Principal (or main) question ......................................... 6 Priority of Business, questions relating to are undebatable ......... 35 Privilege, questions of ........................................ 12, 62c Privileged questions ................................................. 9 Putting the question, form of ................................... 38, 67 Questions. See Forms, Motions, Privilege and Order. Quorum, when there is no rule, consists of a majority ............... 43 committees and boards cannot decide upon .......................... 43 Reading of Papers ............................................... 16, 62 Reception of a report. See Committees. Re-commit (same as Commit) ..................................... 22, 56b Reconsider ...................................................... 27, 60 Record, or minutes .............................................. 41, 51 Recording officer. See Clerk. Refer [same as Commit] ......................................... 22, 56b Renewal of a motion ............................................. 26, 60 Reports of committees. See Committees. Rights of assemblies. See Assembly. of ecclesiastical tribunals, p. 159. Rise, motion to, in committee, equals adjourn ................... 11, 32 Rules of debate. See Debate. of Order, amendment of ........................................ 45, 73 of Order, what they should contain ................................ 49 standing, what they should contain ................................ 49 suspension of ................................................ 18, 61c relating to motions, tabular view of p. 166.

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Seconding, motions that do not require ........................... 3, 67 Secretary. See Clerk. Session [See also Meeting] ...................................... 42, 70 Shall the question be considered (or discussed) ................ 15, 59a Speaking, rules of, See Debate. Special Order ...................................................... 61b Standing Rules ...................................................... 49 Stating a question, form of ..................................... 38, 67 Strike out (see Amendment) ..................................... 23, 56a Subsidiary motions or questions ...................................... 7 Substitute (see Amendment) ..................................... 23, 56a Sum, largest, first put ............................................. 25 Suspension of the rules ........................................ 18, 61c Table of Rules relating to motions, p. 166. Take from the table, motion to ................................. 19, 57b Time, longest, first put ............................................ 25 Treasurer, duties of ................................................ 52 Trial of Members, p. 160. Two-thirds vote, motions requiring .............................. 39, 68 Undebatable Questions ........................................... 35, 66 Unfinished business, effect of adjournment upon ................. 11, 69 its place in the order of business ............................ 44, 72 Vice-Presidents .................................................... 46d Vote, form of announcing [see also Forms] ....................... 38, 54 motions requiring more than a majority ........................ 39, 68 change of, permitted before result is announced ................... 38 Voting, various methods of .......................................... 38 Withdrawal of a motion .......................................... 17, 62 Yeas and Nays, voting by ............................................ 38 Yields, meaning of, (Introduction, page 14.)

THE END