"No time is this to deviate from our course, We must rush on; our armies plainly show Their love for Irij, and if we should fail To root up from its place this flourishing tree, Our cause is lost for ever."

Again, Silim said to Tur: "Thou must put Irij to death, and then his kingdom will be thine." Tur readily undertook to commit that crime, and, on the following day, at an interview with Irij, he said to him: "Why didst thou consent to be the ruler of Persia, and fail in showing a proper regard for the interests of thy elder brothers? Whilst our barren kingdoms are constantly in a state of warfare with the Turks, thou art enjoying peace and tranquillity upon the throne of a fruitful country? Must we, thy elder brothers, remain thus under thy commands, and in subordinate stations?

"Must thou have gold and treasure, And thy heart be wrapt in pleasure, Whilst we, thy elder born, Of our heritage are shorn? Must the youngest still be nursed, And the elder branches cursed? And condemned, by stern command, To a wild and sterile land?"

When Irij heard these words from Tur, he immediately replied, saying:

"I only seek tranquillity and peace; I look not on the crown of sovereignty. Nor seek a name among the Persian host; And though the throne and diadem are mine, I here renounce them, satisfied to lead A private life. For what hath ever been The end of earthly power and pomp, but darkness? I seek not to contend against my brothers; Why should I grieve their hearts, or give distress To any human being? I am young, And Heaven forbid that I should prove unkind!"

Notwithstanding, however, these declarations of submission, and repeated assurances of his resolution to resign the monarchy of Persia, Tur would not believe one word. In a moment he sprung up, and furiously seizing the golden chair from which he had just risen, struck a violent blow with it on the head of Irij, calling aloud, "Bind him, bind him!" The youth, struggling on the ground, exclaimed: "O, think of thy father, and pity me! Have compassion on thy own soul! I came for thy protection, therefore do not take my life: if thou dost, my blood will call out for vengeance to the Almighty. I ask only for peace and retirement. Think of my father, and pity me!

"Wouldst thou, with life endowed, take life away? Torture not the poor ant, which drags the grain Along the dust; it has a life, and life Is sweet and precious. Did the innocent ant Offend thee ever? Cruel must he be Who would destroy a living thing so harmless! And wilt thou, reckless, shed thy brother's blood, And agonize the feelings of a father? Pause, and avoid the wrath of righteous Heaven!"

But Tur was not to be softened by the supplications of his brother. Without giving any reply, he drew his dagger, and instantly dissevered the head of the youth from his body.

With musk and ambergris he first embalmed The head of Irij, then to his old father Dispatched the present with these cruel words: "Here is the head of thy beloved son, Thy darling favourite, dress it with a crown As thou wert wont; and mark the goodly fruit Thou hast produced. Adorn thy ivory throne, In all its splendour, for this worthy head, And place it in full majesty before thee!"

In the meantime, Feridun had prepared a magnificent reception for his son. The period of his return had arrived, and he was in anxious expectation of seeing him, when suddenly he received intelligence that Irij had been put to death by his brothers. The mournful spectacle soon reached his father's house.

A scream of agony burst from his heart, As wildly in his arms he clasped the face Of his poor slaughtered son; then down he sank Senseless upon the earth. The soldiers round Bemoaned the sad catastrophe, and rent Their garments in their grief. The souls of all Were filled with gloom, their eyes with flowing tears, For hope had promised a far different scene; A day of heart-felt mirth and joyfulness, When Irij to his father's house returned.

After the extreme agitation of Feridun had subsided, he directed all his people to wear black apparel, in honor of the murdered youth, and all his drums and banners to be torn to pieces. They say that subsequent to this dreadful calamity he always wore black clothes. The head of Irij was buried in a favorite garden, where he had been accustomed to hold weekly a rural entertainment. Feridun, in performing the last ceremony, pressed it to his bosom, and with streaming eyes exclaimed:

"O Heaven, look down upon my murdered boy; His severed head before me, but his body Torn by those hungry wolves! O grant my prayer, That I may see, before I die, the seed Of Irij hurl just vengeance on the heads Of his assassins; hear, O hear my prayer." —Thus he in sorrow for his favourite son Obscured the light which might have sparkled still, Withering the jasmine flower of happy days; So that his pale existence looked like death.



MINUCHIHR

Feridun continued to cherish with the fondest affection the memory of his murdered son, and still looked forward with anxiety to the anticipated hour of retribution. He fervently hoped that a son might be born to take vengeance for his father's death. But it so happened that Mahafrid, the wife of Irij, gave birth to a daughter. When this daughter grew up, Feridun gave her in marriage to Pishung, and from that union an heir was born who in form and feature resembled Irij and Feridun. He was called Minuchihr, and great rejoicings took place on the occasion of his birth.

The old man's lips, with smiles apart, Bespoke the gladness of his heart. And in his arms he took the boy The harbinger of future joy; Delighted that indulgent Heaven To his fond hopes this pledge had given, It seemed as if, to bless his reign, Irij had come to life again.

The child was nourished with great tenderness during his infancy, and when he grew up he was sedulously instructed in every art necessary to form the character, and acquire the accomplishments of a warrior. Feridun was accustomed to place him on the throne, and decorate his brows with the crown of sovereignty; and the soldiers enthusiastically acknowledged him as their king, urging him to rouse himself and take vengeance of his enemies for the murder of his grandfather. Having opened his treasury, Feridun distributed abundance of gold among the people, so that Minuchihr was in a short time enabled to embody an immense army, by whom he was looked upon with attachment and admiration.

When Silim and Tur were informed of the preparations that were making against them, that Minuchihr, having grown to manhood, was distinguished for his valor and intrepidity, and that multitudes flocked to his standard with the intention of forwarding his purpose of revenge, they were seized with inexpressible terror, and anticipated an immediate invasion of their kingdoms. Thus alarmed, they counselled together upon the course it would be wisest to adopt.

"Should he advance, his cause is just, And blood will mingle with the dust, But heaven forbid our power should be O'erwhelmed to give him victory; Though strong his arm, and wild his ire, And vengeance keen his heart inspire."

They determined, at length, to pursue pacific measures, and endeavor by splendid presents and conciliatory language to regain the good-will of Feridun. The elephants were immediately loaded with treasure, a crown of gold, and other articles of value, and a messenger was dispatched, charged with an acknowledgment of guilt and abundant expressions of repentance. "It was Iblis," they said, "who led us astray, and our destiny has been such that we are in every way criminal. But thou art the ocean of mercy; pardon our offences. Though manifold, they were involuntary, and forgiveness will cleanse our hearts and restore us to ourselves. Let our tears wash away the faults we have committed. To Minuchihr and to thyself we offer obedience and fealty, and we wait your commands, being but the dust of your feet."

When the messenger arrived at the court of Feridun he first delivered the magnificent presents, and the king, having placed Minuchihr on a golden chair by his side, observed to him, "These presents are to thee a prosperous and blessed omen—they show that thy enemy is afraid of thee." Then the messenger was permitted to communicate the object of his mission.

He spoke with studied phrase, intent to hide, Or mitigate the horror of their crime; And with excuses plausible and bland His speech was dressed. The brothers, he observed, Desired to see their kinsman Minuchihr, And with the costliest gems they sought to pay The price of kindred blood unjustly shed— And they would willingly to him resign Their kingdoms for the sake of peace and friendship.

The monarch marked him scornfully, and said: "Canst thou conceal the sun? It is in vain Truth to disguise with words of shallow meaning. Now hear my answer. Ask thy cruel masters, Who talk of their affection for the prince, Where lies the body of the gentle Irij? Him they have slain, the fierce, unnatural brothers, And now they thirst to gain another victim. They long to see the face of Minuchihr! Yes, and they shall, surrounded by his soldiers, And clad in steel, and they shall feel the edge Of life-destroying swords. Yes, they shall see him!"

After uttering this indignant speech, Feridun showed to the messenger his great warriors, one by one. He showed him Kavah and his two sons, Shahpur, and Shirueh, and Karun, and Sam,[3] and Nariman, and other chiefs—all of admirable courage and valor in war—and thus resumed:

"Hence with your presents, hence, away, Can gold or gems turn night to day? Must kingly heads be bought and sold, And shall I barter blood for gold? Shall gold a father's heart entice, Blood to redeem beyond all price? Hence, hence with treachery; I have heard Their glozing falsehoods, every word; But human feelings guide my will, And keep my honour sacred still. True is the oracle we read: 'Those who have sown oppression's seed Reap bitter fruit; their souls, perplext, Joy not in this world or the next.' The brothers of my murdered boy, Who could a father's hopes destroy, An equal punishment will reap, And lasting vengeance o'er them sweep. They rooted up my favourite tree, But yet a branch remains to me. Now the young lion comes apace, The glory of his glorious race; He comes apace, to punish guilt, Where brother's blood was basely spilt; And blood alone for blood must pay; Hence with your gold, depart, away!"

When the messenger heard these reproaches, mingled with poison, he immediately took leave, and trembling with fear, returned to Silim and Tur with the utmost speed. He described to them in strong and alarming terms the appearance and character of Minuchihr, and his warriors; of that noble youth who with frowning eyebrows was only anxious for battle. He then communicated to them in what manner he had been received, and repeated the denunciations of Feridun, at which the brothers were exceedingly grieved and disappointed. But Silim said to Tur:

"Let us be first upon the field, before He marshals his array. It follows not, That he should be a hero bold and valiant, Because he is descended from the brave; But it becomes us well to try our power,— For speed, in war, is better than delay."

In this spirit the two brothers rapidly collected from both their kingdoms a large army, and proceeded towards Iran. On hearing of their progress, Feridun said: "This is well—they come of themselves. The forest game surrenders itself voluntarily at the foot of the sportsman." Then he commanded his army to wait quietly till they arrived; for skill and patience, he observed, will draw the lion's head into your toils.

As soon as the enemy had approached within a short distance, Minuchihr solicited Feridun to commence the engagement—and the king having summoned his chief warriors before him, appointed them all, one by one, to their proper places.

The warriors of renown assembled straight With ponderous clubs; each like a lion fierce, Girded his loins impatient. In their front The sacred banner of the blacksmith waved; Bright scimitars were brandished in the air; Beneath them pranced their steeds, all armed for fight, And so incased in iron were the chiefs From top to toe, their eyes were only seen.

When Karun drew his hundred thousand troops Upon the field, the battle-word was given, And Minuchihr was, like the cypress tall, Engaged along the centre of the hosts; And like the moon he shone, amid the groups Of congregated clouds, or as the sun Glittering upon the mountain of Alberz. The squadrons in advance Kabad commanded, Garshasp the left, and Sam upon the right.

The shedders of a brother's blood had now Brought their innumerous legions to the strife, And formed them in magnificent array: The picket guards were almost thrown together, When Tur sprung forward, and with sharp reproach, And haughty gesture, thus addressed Kabad: "Ask this new king, this Minuchihr, since Heaven To Irij gave a daughter, who on him Bestowed the mail, the battle-axe, and sword?" To this insulting speech, Kabad replied: "The message shall be given, and I will bring The answer, too. Ye know what ye have done; Have ye not murdered him who, trusting, sought Protection from ye? All mankind for this Must curse your memory till the day of doom; If savage monsters were to fly your presence, It would not be surprising. Those who die In this most righteous cause will go to Heaven, With all their sins forgotten!" Then Kabad Went to the king, and told the speech of Tur: A smile played o'er the cheek of Minuchihr As thus he spoke: "A boaster he must be, Or a vain fool, for when engaged in battle, Vigour of arm and the enduring soul, Will best be proved. I ask but for revenge— Vengeance for Irij slain. Meanwhile, return; We shall not fight to-day."

He too retired, And in his tent upon the sandy plain, Ordered the festive board to be prepared, And wine and music whiled the hours away.

When morning dawned the battle commenced, and multitudes were slain on both sides.

The spacious plain became a sea of blood; It seemed as if the earth was covered o'er With crimson tulips; slippery was the ground, And all in dire confusion.

The army of Minuchihr was victorious, owing to the bravery and skill of the commander. But Heaven was in his favor.

In the evening Silim and Tur consulted together, and came to the resolution of effecting a formidable night attack on the enemy. The spies of Minuchihr, however, obtained information of this intention, and communicated the secret to the king. Minuchihr immediately placed the army in charge of Karun, and took himself thirty thousand men to wait in ambuscade for the enemy, and frustrate his views. Tur advanced with a hundred thousand men; but as he advanced, he found every one on the alert, and aware of his approach. He had gone too far to retreat in the dark without fighting, and therefore began a vigorous conflict. Minuchihr sprung up from his ambuscade, and with his thirty thousand men rushed upon the centre of the enemy's troops, and in the end encountered Tur. The struggle was not long. Minuchihr dexterously using his javelin, hurled him from his saddle precipitately to the ground, and then with his dagger severed the head from his body. The body he left to be devoured by the beasts of the field, and the head he sent as a trophy to Feridun; after which, he proceeded in search of Silim.

The army of the confederates, however, having suffered such a signal defeat, Silim thought it prudent to fall back and take refuge in a fort. But Minuchihr went in pursuit, and besieged the castle. One day a warrior named Kaku made a sally out of the fort, and approaching the centre of the besieging army, threw a javelin at Minuchihr, which, however, fell harmless before it reached its aim. Then Minuchihr seized the enemy by the girdle, raised him up in air, and flung him from his saddle to the ground.

He grasped the foe-man by the girth, And thundering drove him to the earth; By wound of spear, and gory brand, He died upon the burning sand.

The siege was continued for some time with the view of weakening the power of Silim; at last Minuchihr sent a message to him, saying: "Let the battle be decided between us. Quit the fort, and boldly meet me here, that it may be seen to whom God gives the victory." Silim could not, without disgrace, refuse this challenge: he descended from the fort, and met Minuchihr. A desperate conflict ensued, and he was slain on the spot. Minuchihr's keen sword severed the royal head from the body, and thus quickly ended the career of Silim. After that, the whole of the enemy's troops were defeated and put to flight in every direction.

The leading warriors of the routed army now sought protection from Minuchihr, who immediately complied with their solicitation, and by their influence all the forces of Silim and Tur united under him. To each he gave rank according to his merits. After the victory, Minuchihr hastened to pay his respects to Feridun, who received him with praises and thanksgivings, and the customary honors. Returning from the battle, Feridun met him on foot; and the moment Minuchihr beheld the venerable monarch, he alighted and kissed the ground. They then, seated in the palace together, congratulated themselves on the success of their arms. In a short time after, the end of Feridun approached; when recommending Minuchihr to the care of Sam and Nariman, he said: "My hour of departure has arrived, and I place the prince under your protection." He then directed Minuchihr to be seated on the throne;

And put himself the crown upon his head, And stored his mind with counsel good and wise.

Upon the death of Feridun, Minuchihr accordingly succeeded to the government of the empire, and continued to observe strictly all the laws and regulations of his great grandfather. He commanded his subjects to be constant in the worship of God.

The army and the people gave him praise, Prayed for his happiness and length of days; Our hearts, they said, are ever bound to thee; Our hearts, inspired by love and loyalty.



ZAL, THE SON OF SAM

According to the traditionary histories from which Firdusi has derived his legends, the warrior Sam had a son born to him whose hair was perfectly white. On his birth the nurse went to Sam and told him that God had blessed him with a wonderful child, without a single blemish, excepting that his hair was white; but when Sam saw him he was grieved:

His hair was white as goose's wing, His cheek was like the rose of spring His form was straight as cypress tree— But when the sire was brought to see That child with hair so silvery white, His heart revolted at the sight.

His mother gave him the name of Zal and the people said to Sam, "This is an ominous event, and will be to thee productive of nothing but calamity; it would be better if thou couldst remove him out of sight.

"No human being of this earth Could give to such a monster birth; He must be of the Demon race, Though human still in form and face. If not a Demon, he, at least, Appears a party-coloured beast."

When Sam was made acquainted with these reproaches and sneers of the people, he determined, though with a sorrowful heart, to take him up to the mountain Alberz, and abandon him there to be destroyed by beasts of prey. Alberz was the abode of the Simurgh or Griffin,[4] and, whilst flying about in quest of food for his hungry young ones, that surprising animal discovered the child lying alone upon the hard rock, crying and sucking its fingers. The Simurgh, however, felt no inclination to devour him, but compassionately took him up in the air, and conveyed him to his own habitation.

He who is blest with Heaven's grace Will never want a dwelling-place And he who bears the curse of Fate Can never change his wretched state. A voice, not earthly, thus addressed The Simurgh in his mountain nest— "To thee this mortal I resign, Protected by the power divine; Let him thy fostering kindness share, Nourish him with paternal care; For from his loins, in time, will spring The champion of the world, and bring Honour on earth, and to thy name; The heir of everlasting fame."

The young ones were also kind and affectionate to the infant, which was thus nourished and protected by the Simurgh for several years.



THE DREAM OF SAM

It is said that one night, after melancholy musings and reflecting on the miseries of this life, Sam was visited by a dream, and when the particulars of it were communicated to the interpreters of mysterious warnings and omens, they declared that Zal was certainly still alive, although he had been long exposed on Alberz, and left there to be torn to pieces by wild animals. Upon this interpretation being given, the natural feelings of the father returned, and he sent his people to the mountain in search of Zal, but without success. On another night Sam dreamt a second time, when he beheld a young man of a beautiful countenance at the head of an immense army, with a banner flying before him, and a Mubid on his left hand. One of them addressed Sam, and reproached him thus:—

Unfeeling mortal, hast thou from thy eyes Washed out all sense of shame? Dost thou believe That to have silvery tresses is a crime? If so, thy head is covered with white hair; And were not both spontaneous gifts from Heaven? Although the boy was hateful to thy sight, The grace of God has been bestowed upon him; And what is human tenderness and love To Heaven's protection? Thou to him wert cruel, But Heaven has blest him, shielding him from harm.

Sam screamed aloud in his sleep, and awoke greatly terrified. Without delay he went himself to Alberz, and ascended the mountain, and wept and prayed before the throne of the Almighty, saying:—

"If that forsaken child be truly mine, And not the progeny of Demon fell, O pity me! forgive the wicked deed, And to my eyes, my injured son restore."

His prayer was accepted. The Simurgh, hearing the lamentations of Sam among his people, knew that he had come in quest of his son, and thus said to Zal:—"I have fed and protected thee like a kind nurse, and I have given thee the name of Dustan, like a father. Sam, the warrior, has just come upon the mountain in search of his child, and I must restore thee to him, and we must part." Zal wept when he heard of this unexpected separation, and in strong terms expressed his gratitude to his benefactor; for the Wonderful Bird had not omitted to teach him the language of the country, and to cultivate his understanding, removed as they were to such a distance from the haunts of mankind. The Simurgh soothed him by assuring him that he was not going to abandon him to misfortune, but to increase his prosperity; and, as a striking proof of affection, gave him a feather from his own wing, with these instructions:—"Whenever thou art involved in difficulty or danger, put this feather on the fire, and I will instantly appear to thee to ensure thy safety. Never cease to remember me.

"I have watched thee with fondness by day and by night, And supplied all thy wants with a father's delight; O forget not thy nurse—still be faithful to me— And my heart will be ever devoted to thee."

Zal immediately replied in a strain of gratitude and admiration; and then the Simurgh conveyed him to Sam, and said to him: "Receive thy son—he is of wonderful promise, and will be worthy of the throne and the diadem."

The soul of Sam rejoiced to hear Applause so sweet to a parent's ear; And blessed them both in thought and word, The lovely boy, and the Wondrous Bird.

He also declared to Zal that he was ashamed of the crime of which he had been guilty, and that he would endeavor to obliterate the recollection of the past by treating him in future with the utmost respect and honor.

When Minuchihr heard from Zabul of these things, and of Sam's return, he was exceedingly pleased, and ordered his son, Nauder, with a splendid istakbal,[5] to meet the father and son on their approach to the city. They were surrounded by warriors and great men, and Sam embraced the first moment to introduce Zal to the king.

Zal humbly kissed the earth before the king, And from the hands of Minuchihr received A golden mace and helm. Then those who knew The stars and planetary signs, were told To calculate the stripling's destiny; And all proclaimed him of exalted fortune, That he would be prodigious in his might, Outshining every warrior of the age.

Delighted with this information, Minuchihr, seated upon his throne, with Karun on one side and Sam on the other, presented Zal with Arabian horses, and armor, and gold, and splendid garments, and appointed Sam to the government of Kabul, Zabul, and Ind. Zal accompanied his father on his return; and when they arrived at Zabulistan, the most renowned instructors in every art and science were collected together to cultivate and enrich his young mind.

In the meantime Sam was commanded by the king to invade and subdue the Demon provinces of Karugsar and Mazinderan;[6] and Zal was in consequence left by his father in charge of Zabulistan. The young nursling of the Simurgh is said to have performed the duties of sovereignty with admirable wisdom and discretion, during the absence of his father. He did not pass his time in idle exercises, but with zealous delight in the society of accomplished and learned men, for the purpose of becoming familiar with every species of knowledge and acquirement. The city of Zabul, however, as a constant residence, did not entirely satisfy him, and he wished to see more of the world; he therefore visited several other places, and proceeded as far as Kabul, where he pitched his tents, and remained for some time.



RUDABEH

The chief of Kabul was descended from the family of Zohak. He was named Mihrab, and to secure the safety of his state, paid annual tribute to Sam. Mihrab, on the arrival of Zal, went out of the city to see him, and was hospitably entertained by the young hero, who soon discovered that he had a daughter of wonderful attractions.

Her name Rudabeh; screened from public view, Her countenance is brilliant as the sun; From head to foot her lovely form is fair As polished ivory. Like the spring, her cheek Presents a radiant bloom,—in stature tall, And o'er her silvery brightness, richly flow Dark musky ringlets clustering to her feet. She blushes like the rich pomegranate flower; Her eyes are soft and sweet as the narcissus, Her lashes from the raven's jetty plume Have stolen their blackness, and her brows are bent Like archer's bow. Ask ye to see the moon? Look at her face. Seek ye for musky fragrance? She is all sweetness. Her long fingers seem Pencils of silver, and so beautiful Her presence, that she breathes of Heaven and love.

Such was the description of Rudabeh, which inspired the heart of Zal with the most violent affection, and imagination added to her charms.

Mihrab again waited on Zal, who received him graciously, and asked him in what manner he could promote his wishes. Mihrab said that he only desired him to become his guest at a banquet he intended to invite him to; but Zal thought proper to refuse, because he well knew, if he accepted an invitation of the kind from a relation of Zohak, that his father Sam and the King of Persia would be offended. Mihrab returned to Kabul disappointed, and having gone into his harem, his wife, Sindokht, inquired after the stranger from Zabul, the white-headed son of Sam. She wished to know what he was like, in form and feature, and what account he gave of his sojourn with the Simurgh. Mihrab described him in the warmest terms of admiration—he was valiant, he said, accomplished and handsome, with no other defect than that of white hair. And so boundless was his praise, that Rudabeh, who was present, drank every word with avidity, and felt her own heart warmed into admiration and love. Full of emotion, she afterwards said privately to her attendants:

"To you alone the secret of my heart I now unfold; to you alone confess The deep sensations of my captive soul. I love, I love; all day and night of him I think alone—I see him in my dreams— You only know my secret—aid me now, And soothe the sorrows of my bursting heart."

The attendants were startled with this confession and entreaty, and ventured to remonstrate against so preposterous an attachment.

"What! hast thou lost all sense of shame, All value for thy honored name! That thou, in loveliness supreme, Of every tongue the constant theme, Should choose, and on another's word. The nursling of a Mountain Bird! A being never seen before, Which human mother never bore! And can the hoary locks of age, A youthful heart like thine engage? Must thy enchanting form be prest To such a dubious monster's breast? And all thy beauty's rich array, Thy peerless charms be thrown away?"

This violent remonstrance was more calculated to rouse the indignation of Rudabeh than to induce her to change her mind. It did so. But she subdued her resentment, and again dwelt upon the ardor of her passion.

"My attachment is fixed, my election is made, And when hearts are enchained 'tis in vain to upbraid. Neither Kizar nor Faghfur I wish to behold, Nor the monarch of Persia with jewels and gold; All, all I despise, save the choice of my heart, And from his beloved image I never can part. Call him aged, or young, 'tis a fruitless endeavour To uproot a desire I must cherish for ever; Call him old, call him young, who can passion control? Ever present, and loved, he entrances my soul. 'Tis for him I exist—him I worship alone, And my heart it must bleed till I call him my own."

As soon as the attendants found that Rudabeh's attachment was deeply fixed, and not to be removed, they changed their purpose, and became obedient to her wishes, anxious to pursue any measure that might bring Zal and their mistress together. Rudabeh was delighted with this proof of their regard.

It was spring-time, and the attendants repaired towards the halting-place of Zal, in the neighborhood of the city. Their occupation seemed to be gathering roses along the romantic banks of a pellucid streamlet, and when they purposely strayed opposite the tent of Zal, he observed them, and asked his friends—why they presumed to gather roses in his garden. He was told that they were damsels sent by the moon of Kabulistan from the palace of Mihrab to gather roses, and upon hearing this his heart was touched with emotion. He rose up and rambled about for amusement, keeping the direction of the river, followed by a servant with a bow. He was not far from the damsels, when a bird sprung up from the water, which he shot, upon the wing, with an arrow. The bird happened to fall near the rose-gatherers, and Zal ordered his servant to bring it to him. The attendants of Rudabeh lost not the opportunity, as he approached them, to inquire who the archer was. "Know ye not," answered the servant, "that this is Nim-ruz, the son of Sam, and also called Dustan, the greatest warrior ever known." At this the damsels smiled, and said that they too belonged to a person of distinction—and not of inferior worth—to a star in the palace of Mihrab. "We have come from Kabul to the King of Zabulistan, and should Zal and Rudabeh be of equal rank, her ruby lips may become acquainted with his, and their wished-for union be effected." When the servant returned, Zal was immediately informed of the conversation that had taken place, and in consequence presents were prepared.

They who to gather roses came—went back With precious gems—and honorary robes; And two bright finger-rings were secretly Sent to the princess.

Then did the attendants of Rudabeh exult in the success of their artifice, and say that the lion had come into their toils. Rudabeh herself, however, had some fears on the subject. She anxiously sought to know exactly the personal appearance of Zal, and happily her warmest hopes were realized by the description she received. But one difficulty remained—how were they to meet? How was she to see with her own eyes the man whom her fancy had depicted in such glowing colors? Her attendants, sufficiently expert at intrigue, soon contrived the means of gratifying her wishes. There was a beautiful rural retreat in a sequestered situation, the apartments of which were adorned with pictures of great men, and ornamented in the most splendid manner. To this favorite place Rudabeh retired, and most magnificently dressed, awaiting the coming of Zal, whom her attendants had previously invited to repair thither as soon as the sun had gone down. The shadows of evening were falling as he approached, and the enamoured princess thus addressed him from her balcony:—

"May happiness attend thee ever, thou, Whose lucid features make this gloomy night Clear as the day; whose perfume scents the breeze; Thou who, regardless of fatigue, hast come On foot too, thus to see me—"

Hearing a sweet voice, he looked up, and beheld a bright face in the balcony, and he said to the beautiful vision:—

"How often have I hoped that Heaven Would, in some secret place display Thy charms to me, and thou hast given My heart the wish of many a day; For now thy gentle voice I hear, And now I see thee—speak again! Speak freely in a willing ear, And every wish thou hast obtain."

Not a word was lost upon Rudabeh, and she soon accomplished her object. Her hair was so luxuriant, and of such a length, that casting it loose it flowed down from the balcony; and, after fastening the upper part to a ring, she requested Zal to take hold of the other end and mount up. He ardently kissed the musky tresses, and by them quickly ascended.

Then hand in hand within the chambers they Gracefully passed.—Attractive was the scene, The walls embellished by the painter's skill, And every object exquisitely formed, Sculpture, and architectural ornament, Fit for a king. Zal with amazement gazed Upon what art had done, but more he gazed Upon the witching radiance of his love, Upon her tulip cheeks, her musky locks, Breathing the sweetness of a summer garden; Upon the sparkling brightness of her rings, Necklace, and bracelets, glittering on her arms. His mien too was majestic—on his head He wore a ruby crown, and near his breast Was seen a belted dagger. Fondly she With side-long glances marked his noble aspect, The fine proportions of his graceful limbs, His strength and beauty. Her enamoured heart Suffused her cheek with blushes, every glance Increased the ardent transports of her soul. So mild was his demeanour, he appeared A gentle lion toying with his prey. Long they remained rapt in admiration Of each other. At length the warrior rose, And thus addressed her: "It becomes not us To be forgetful of the path of prudence, Though love would dictate a more ardent course, How oft has Sam, my father, counselled me, Against unseeming thoughts,—unseemly deeds,— Always to choose the right, and shun the wrong. How will he burn with anger when he hears This new adventure; how will Minuchihr Indignantly reproach me for this dream! This waking dream of rapture! but I call High Heaven to witness what I now declare— Whoever may oppose my sacred vows, I still am thine, affianced thine, for ever."

And thus Rudabeh: "Thou hast won my heart, And kings may sue in vain; to thee devoted, Thou art alone my warrior and my love." Thus they exclaimed,—then Zal with fond adieus Softly descended from the balcony, And hastened to his tent.

As speedily as possible he assembled together his counsellors and Mubids to obtain their advice on the present extraordinary occasion, and he represented to them the sacred importance of encouraging matrimonial alliances.

For marriage is a contract sealed by Heaven— How happy is the Warrior's lot, amidst His smiling children; when he dies, his son Succeeds him, and enjoys his rank and name. And is it not a glorious thing to say— This is the son of Zal, or this of Sam, The heir of his renowned progenitor?

He then related to them the story of his love and affection for the daughter of Mihrab; but the Mubids, well knowing that the chief of Kabul was of the family of Zohak, the serpent-king, did not approve the union desired, which excited the indignation of Zal. They, however, recommended his writing a letter to Sam, who might, if he thought proper, refer the matter to Minuchihr. The letter was accordingly written and despatched, and when Sam received it, he immediately referred the question to his astrologers, to know whether the nuptials, if solemnized between Zal and Rudabeh, would be prosperous or not. They foretold that the nuptials would be prosperous, and that the issue would be a son of wonderful strength and power, the conqueror of the world. This announcement delighted the heart of the old warrior, and he sent the messenger back with the assurance of his approbation of the proposed union, but requested that the subject might be kept concealed till he returned with his army from the expedition to Karugsar, and was able to consult with Minuchihr.

Zal, exulting at his success, communicated the glad tidings to Rudabeh by their female emissary, who had hitherto carried on successfully the correspondence between them. But as she was conveying an answer to this welcome news, and some presents to Zal, Sindokht, the mother of Rudabeh, detected her, and, examining the contents of the packet, she found sufficient evidence, she thought, of something wrong.

"What treachery is this? What have we here! Sirbund and male attire? Thou, wretch, confess! Disclose thy secret doings."

The emissary, however, betrayed nothing; but declared that she was a dealer in jewels and dresses, and had been only showing her merchandise to Rudabeh. Sindokht, in extreme agitation of mind, hastened to her daughter's apartment to ascertain the particulars of this affair, when Rudabeh at once fearlessly acknowledged her unalterable affection for Zal,

"I love him so devotedly, all day, All night my tears have flowed unceasingly; And one hair of his head I prize more dearly Than all the world beside; for him I live; And we have met, and we have sat together, And pledged our mutual love with mutual joy And innocence of heart."

Rudabeh further informed her of Sam's consent to their nuptials, which in some degree satisfied the mother. But when Mihrab was made acquainted with the arrangement, his rage was unbounded, for he dreaded the resentment of Sam and Minuchihr when the circumstances became fully known to them. Trembling with indignation he drew his dagger, and would have instantly rushed to Rudabeh's chamber to destroy her, had not Sindokht fallen at his feet and restrained him. He insisted, however, on her being brought before him; and upon his promise not to do her any harm, Sindokht complied. Rudabeh disdained to take off her ornaments to appear as an offender and a supplicant, but, proud of her choice, went into her father's presence, gayly adorned with jewels, and in splendid apparel. Mihrab received her with surprise.

"Why all this glittering finery? Is the devil United to an angel? When a snake Is met with in Arabia, it is killed!"

But Rudabeh answered not a word, and was permitted to retire with her mother.

When Minuchihr was apprised of the proceedings between Zal and Rudabeh, he was deeply concerned, anticipating nothing but confusion and ruin to Persia from the united influence of Zal and Mihrab. Feridun had purified the world from the abominations of Zohak, and as Mihrab was a descendant of that merciless tyrant, he feared that some attempt would be made to resume the enormities of former times; Sam was therefore required to give his advice on the occasion.

The conqueror of Karugsar and Mazinderan was received on his return with cordial rejoicings, and he charmed the king with the story of his triumphant success. The monarch against whom he had fought was descended, on the mother's side, from Zohak, and his Demon army was more numerous than ants, or clouds of locusts, covering mountain and plain. Sam thus proceeded in his description of the conflict.

"And when he heard my voice, and saw what deeds I had performed, approaching me, he threw His noose; but downward bending I escaped, And with my bow I showered upon his head Steel-pointed arrows, piercing through the brain; Then did I grasp his loins, and from his horse Cast him upon the ground, deprived of life. At this, the demons terrified and pale, Shrunk back, some flying to the mountain wilds, And others, taken on the battle-field, Became obedient to the Persian king."

Minuchihr, gratified by this result of the expedition, appointed Sam to a new enterprise, which was to destroy Kabul by fire and sword, especially the house of Mihrab; and that ruler, of the serpent-race, and all his adherents were to be put to death. Sam, before he took leave to return to his own government at Zabul, tried to dissuade him from this violent exercise of revenge, but without making any sensible impression upon him.

Meanwhile the vindictive intentions of Minuchihr, which were soon known at Kabul, produced the greatest alarm and consternation in the family of Mihrab. Zal now returned to his father, and Sam sent a letter to Minuchihr, again to deprecate his wrath, and appointed Zal the messenger. In this letter Sam enumerates his services at Karugsar and Mazinderan, and especially dwells upon the destruction of a prodigious dragon.

"I am thy servant, and twice sixty years Have seen my prowess. Mounted on my steed, Wielding my battle-axe, overthrowing heroes, Who equals Sam, the warrior? I destroyed The mighty monster, whose devouring jaws Unpeopled half the land, and spread dismay From town to town. The world was full of horror, No bird was seen in air, no beast of prey In plain or forest; from the stream he drew The crocodile; the eagle from the sky. The country had no habitant alive, And when I found no human being left, I cast away all fear, and girt my loins, And in the name of God went boldly forth, Armed for the strife. I saw him towering rise, Huge as a mountain, with his hideous hair Dragging upon the ground; his long black tongue Shut up the path; his eyes two lakes of blood; And, seeing me, so horrible his roar, The earth shook with affright, and from his mouth A flood of poison issued. Like a lion Forward I sprang, and in a moment drove A diamond-pointed arrow through his tongue, Fixing him to the ground. Another went Down his deep throat, and dreadfully he writhed. A third passed through his middle. Then I raised My battle-axe, cow-headed, and with one Tremendous blow, dislodged his venomous brain, And deluged all around with blood and poison. There lay the monster dead, and soon the world Regained its peace and comfort. Now I'm old, The vigour of my youth is past and gone, And it becomes me to resign my station, To Zal, my gallant son."

Mihrab continued in such extreme agitation, that in his own mind he saw no means of avoiding the threatened desolation of his country but by putting his wife and daughter to death. Sindokht however had a better resource, and suggested the expediency of waiting upon Sam herself, to induce him to forward her own views and the nuptials between Zal and Rudabeh. To this Mihrab assented, and she proceeded, mounted on a richly caparisoned horse, to Zabul with most magnificent presents, consisting of three hundred thousand dinars; ten horses with golden, and thirty with silver, housings; sixty richly attired damsels, carrying golden trays of jewels and musk, and camphor, and wine, and sugar; forty pieces of figured cloth; a hundred milch camels, and a hundred others for burden; two hundred Indian swords, a golden crown and throne, and four elephants. Sam was amazed and embarrassed by the arrival of this splendid array. If he accepted the presents, he would incur the anger of Minuchihr; and if he rejected them, Zal would be disappointed and driven to despair. He at length accepted them, and concurred in the wishes of Sindokht respecting the union of the two lovers.

When Zal arrived at the court of Minuchihr, he was received with honor, and the letter of Sam being read, the king was prevailed upon to consent to the pacific proposals that were made in favor of Mihrab, and the nuptials. He too consulted his astrologers, and was informed that the offspring of Zal and Rudabeh would be a hero of matchless strength and valor. Zal, on his return through Kabul, had an interview with Rudabeh, who welcomed him in the most rapturous terms:—

Be thou for ever blest, for I adore thee, And make the dust of thy fair feet my pillow.

In short, with the approbation of all parties the marriage at length took place, and was celebrated at the beautiful summer-house where first the lovers met. Sam was present at Kabul on the happy occasion, and soon afterwards returned to Sistan, preparatory to resuming his martial labors in Karugsar and Mazinderan.

As the time drew near that Rudabeh should become a mother, she suffered extremely from constant indisposition, and both Zal and Sindokht were in the deepest distress on account of her precarious state.

The cypress leaf was withering; pale she lay, Unsoothed by rest or sleep, death seemed approaching.

At last Zal recollected the feather of the Simurgh, and followed the instructions which he had received, by placing it on the fire. In a moment darkness surrounded them, which was, however, immediately dispersed by the sudden appearance of the Simurgh. "Why," said the Simurgh, "do I see all this grief and sorrow? Why are the tear-drops in the warrior's eyes? A child will be born of mighty power, who will become the wonder of the world."

The Simurgh then gave some advice which was implicitly attended to, and the result was that Rudabeh was soon out of danger. Never was beheld so prodigious a child. The father and mother were equally amazed. They called the boy Rustem. On the first day he looked a year old, and he required the milk of ten nurses. A likeness of him was immediately worked in silk, representing him upon a horse, and armed like a warrior, which was sent to Sam, who was then fighting in Mazinderan, and it made the old champion almost delirious with joy. At Kabul and Zabul there was nothing but feasting and rejoicing, as soon as the tidings were known, and thousands of dinars were given away in charity to the poor. When Rustem was five years of age, he ate as much as a man, and some say that even in his third year he rode on horseback. In his eighth year he was as powerful as any hero of the time.

In beauty of form and in vigour of limb, No mortal was ever seen equal to him.

Both Sam and Mihrab, though far distant from the scene of felicity, were equally anxious to proceed to Zabulistan to behold their wonderful grandson. Both set off, but Mihrab arrived first with great pomp, and a whole army for his suite, and went forth with Zal to meet Sam, and give him an honorable welcome. The boy Rustem was mounted on an elephant, wearing a splendid crown, and wanted to join them, but his father kindly prevented him undergoing the inconvenience of alighting. Zal and Mihrab dismounted as soon as Sam was seen at a distance, and performed the ceremonies of an affectionate reception. Sam was indeed amazed when he did see the boy, and showered blessings on his head.

Afterwards Sam placed Mihrab on his right hand, and Zal on his left, and Rustem before him, and began to converse with his grandson, who thus manifested to him his martial disposition.

"Thou art the champion of the world, and I The branch of that fair tree of which thou art The glorious root: to thee I am devoted, But ease and leisure have no charms for me; Nor music, nor the songs of festive joy. Mounted and armed, a helmet on my brow, A javelin in my grasp, I long to meet The foe, and cast his severed head before thee."

Then Sam made a royal feast, and every apartment in his palace was richly decorated, and resounded with mirth and rejoicing. Mihrab was the merriest, and drank the most, and in his cups saw nothing but himself, so vain had he become from the countenance he had received. He kept saying:—

"Now I feel no alarm about Sam or Zal-zer, Nor the splendour and power of the great Minuchihr; Whilst aided by Rustem, his sword, and his mace, Not a cloud of misfortune can shadow my face. All the laws of Zohak I will quickly restore, And the world shall be fragrant and blest as before."

This exultation plainly betrayed the disposition of his race; and though Sam smiled at the extravagance of Mihrab, he looked up towards Heaven, and prayed that Rustem might not prove a tyrant, but be continually active in doing good, and humble before God.

Upon Sam departing, on his return to Karugsar and Mazinderan, Zal went with Rustem to Sistan, a province dependent on his government, and settled him there. The white elephant, belonging to Minuchihr, was kept at Sistan. One night Rustem was awakened out of his sleep by a great noise, and cries of distress when starting up and inquiring the cause, he was told that the white elephant had got loose, and was trampling and crushing the people to death. In a moment he issued from his apartment, brandishing his mace; but was soon stopped by the servants, who were anxious to expostulate with him against venturing out in the darkness of night to encounter a ferocious elephant. Impatient at being thus interrupted he knocked down one of the watchmen, who fell dead at his feet, and the others running away, he broke the lock of the gate, and escaped. He immediately opposed himself to the enormous animal, which looked like a mountain, and kept roaring like the River Nil. Regarding him with a cautious and steady eye, he gave a loud shout, and fearlessly struck him a blow, with such strength and vigor, that the iron mace was bent almost double. The elephant trembled, and soon fell exhausted and lifeless in the dust. When it was communicated to Zal that Rustem had killed the animal with one blow, he was amazed, and fervently returned thanks to heaven. He called him to him, and kissed him, and said: "My darling boy, thou art indeed unequalled in valor and magnanimity."

Then it occurred to Zal that Rustem, after such an achievement, would be a proper person to take vengeance on the enemies of his grandfather Nariman, who was sent by Feridun with a large army against an enchanted fort situated upon the mountain Sipund, and who whilst endeavoring to effect his object, was killed by a piece of rock thrown down from above by the besieged. The fort[7], which was many miles high, inclosed beautiful lawns of the freshest verdure, and delightful gardens abounding with fruit and flowers; it was also full of treasure. Sam, on hearing of the fate of his father, was deeply afflicted, and in a short time proceeded against the fort himself; but he was surrounded by a trackless desert. He knew not what course to pursue; not a being was ever seen to enter or come out of the gates, and, after spending months and years in fruitless endeavors, he was compelled to retire from the appalling enterprise in despair. "Now," said Zal to Rustem, "the time is come, and the remedy is at hand; thou art yet unknown, and may easily accomplish our purpose." Rustem agreed to the proposed adventure, and according to his father's advice, assumed the dress and character of a salt-merchant, prepared a caravan of camels, and secreted arms for himself and companions among the loads of salt. Everything being ready they set off, and it was not long before they reached the fort on the mountain Sipund. Salt being a precious article, and much wanted, as soon as the garrison knew that it was for sale, the gates were opened; and then was Rustem seen, together with his warriors, surrounded by men, women, and children, anxiously making their purchases, some giving clothes in exchange, some gold, and some silver, without fear or suspicion.

But when the night came on, and it was dark, Rustem impatient drew his warriors forth, And moved towards the mansion of the chief— But not unheard. The unaccustomed noise, Announcing warlike menace and attack, Awoke the Kotwal, who sprung up to meet The peril threatened by the invading foe. Rustem meanwhile uplifts his ponderous mace, And cleaves his head, and scatters on the ground The reeking brains. And now the garrison Are on the alert, all hastening to the spot Where battle rages; midst the deepened gloom Flash sparkling swords, which show the crimson earth Bright as the ruby.

Rustem continued fighting with the people of the fort all night, and just as morning dawned, he discovered the chief and slew him. Those who survived, then escaped, and not one of the inhabitants remained within the walls alive. Rustem's next object was to enter the governor's mansion. It was built of stone, and the gate, which was made of iron, he burst open with his battle-axe, and advancing onward, he discovered a temple, constructed with infinite skill and science, beyond the power of mortal man, and which contained amazing wealth, in jewels and gold. All the warriors gathered for themselves as much treasure as they could carry away, and more than imagination can conceive; and Rustem wrote to Zal to know his further commands on the subject of the capture. Zal, overjoyed at the result of the enterprise, replied:

Thou hast illumed the soul of Nariman, Now in the blissful bowers of Paradise, By punishing his foes with fire and sword.

He then recommended him to load all the camels with as much of the invaluable property as could be removed, and bring it away, and then burn and destroy the whole place, leaving not a single vestige; and the command having been strictly complied with, Rustem retraced his steps to Zabulistan.

On his return Zal pressed him to his heart, And paid him public honors. The fond mother Kissed and embraced her darling son, and all Uniting, showered their blessings on his head.



DEATH OF MINUCHIHR

To Minuchihr we now must turn again, And mark the close of his illustrious reign.

The king had flourished one hundred and twenty years, when now the astrologers ascertained that the period of his departure from this life was at hand.

They told him of that day of bitterness, Which would obscure the splendour of his throne; And said—"The time approaches, thou must go, Doubtless to Heaven. Think what thou hast to do; And be it done before the damp cold earth Inshrine thy body. Let not sudden death O'ertake thee, ere thou art prepared to die!" Warned by the wise, he called his courtiers round him, And thus he counselled Nauder:—"O, my son! Fix not thy heart upon a regal crown, For this vain world is fleeting as the wind; The pain and sorrows of twice sixty years Have I endured, though happiness and joy Have also been my portion. I have fought In many a battle, vanquished many a foe; By Feridun's commands I girt my loins, And his advice has ever been my guide. I hurled just vengeance on the tyrant-brothers Silim and Tur, who slew the gentle Irij; And cities have I built, and made the tree Which yielded poison, teem with wholesome fruit. And now to thee the kingdom I resign, That kingdom which belonged to Feridun, And thou wilt be the sovereign of the world! But turn not from the worship of thy God, That sacred worship Moses taught, the best Of all the prophets; turn not from the path Of purest holiness, thy father's choice.

"My son, events of peril are before thee; Thy enemy will come in fierce array, From the wild mountains of Turan, the son Of Poshang, the invader. In that hour Of danger, seek the aid of Sam and Zal, And that young branch just blossoming; Turan Will then have no safe buckler of defence, None to protect it from their conquering arms."

Thus spoke the sire prophetic to his son, And both were moved to tears. Again the king Resumed his warning voice: "Nauder, I charge thee Place not thy trust upon a world like this, Where nothing fixed remains. The caravan Goes to another city, one to-day, The next, to-morrow, each observes its turn And time appointed—mine has come at last, And I must travel on the destined road."

At the period Minuchihr uttered this exhortation, he was entirely free from indisposition, but he shortly afterwards closed his eyes in death.



NAUDER

Upon the demise of Minuchihr, Nauder ascended the throne, and commenced his reign in the most promising manner; but before two months had passed, he neglected the counsels of his father, and betrayed the despotic character of his heart. To such an extreme did he carry his oppression, that to escape from his violence, the people were induced to solicit other princes to come and take possession of the empire. The courtiers labored under the greatest embarrassment, their monarch being solely occupied in extorting money from his subjects, and amassing wealth for his own coffers. Nauder was not long in perceiving the dissatisfaction that universally prevailed, and, anticipating, not only an immediate revolt, but an invading army, solicited, according to his father's advice, the assistance of Sam, then at Mazinderan. The complaints of the people, however, reached Sam before the arrival of the messenger, and when he received the letter, he was greatly distressed on account of the extreme severity exercised by the new king. The champion, in consequence, proceeded forthwith from Mazinderan to Persia, and when he entered the capital, he was joyously welcomed, and at once entreated by the people to take the sovereignty upon himself. It was said of Nauder:

The gloom of tyranny has hid The light his father's counsel gave; The hope of life is lost amid The desolation of the grave. The world is withering in his thrall, Exhausted by his iron sway; Do thou ascend the throne, and all Will cheerfully thy will obey.

But Sam said, "No; I should then be ungrateful to Minuchihr, a traitor, and deservedly offensive in the eyes of God. Nauder is the king, and I am bound to do him service, although he has deplorably departed from the advice of his father." He then soothed the alarm and irritation of the chiefs, and engaging to be a mediator upon the unhappy occasion, brought them to a more pacific tone of thinking. After this he immediately repaired to Nauder, who received him with great favor and kindness. "O king," said he, "only keep Feridun in remembrance, and govern the empire in such a manner that thy name may be honored by thy subjects; for, be well assured, that he who has a just estimate of the world, will never look upon it as his place of rest. It is but an inn, where all travellers meet on their way to eternity, but must not remain. The wise consider those who fix their affections on this life, as utterly devoid of reason and reflection:

"Pleasure, and pomp, and wealth may be obtained— And every want luxuriously supplied: But suddenly, without a moment's warning, Death comes, and hurls the monarch from his throne, His crown and sceptre scattering in the dust. He who is satisfied with earthly joys, Can never know the blessedness of Heaven; His soul must still be dark. Why do the good Suffer in this world, but to be prepared For future rest and happiness? The name Of Feridun is honoured among men, Whilst curses load the memory of Zohak."

This intercession of Sam produced an entire change in the government of Nauder, who promised, in future, to rule his people according to the principles of Husheng, and Feridun, and Minuchihr. The chiefs and captains of the army were, in consequence, contented, and the kingdom reunited itself under his sway.

In the meantime, however, the news of the death of Minuchihr, together with Nauder's injustice and seventy, and the disaffection of his people, had reached Turan, of which country Poshang, a descendant from Tur, was then the sovereign. Poshang, who had been unable to make a single successful hostile movement during the life of Minuchihr, at once conceived this to be a fit opportunity of taking revenge for the blood of Silim and Tur, and every appearance seeming to be in his favor, he called before him his heroic son Afrasiyab, and explained to him his purpose and views. It was not difficult to inspire the youthful mind of Afrasiyab with the sentiments he himself cherished, and a large army was immediately collected to take the field against Nauder. Poshang was proud of the chivalrous spirit and promptitude displayed by his son, who is said to have been as strong as a lion, or an elephant, and whose shadow extended miles. His tongue was like a bright sword, and his heart as bounteous as the ocean, and his hands like the clouds when rain falls to gladden the thirsty earth. Aghriras, the brother of Afrasiyab, however, was not so precipitate. He cautioned his father to be prudent, for though Persia could no longer boast of the presence of Minuchihr, still the great warrior Sam, and Karun, and Garshasp, were living, and Poshang had only to look at the result of the wars in which Silim and Tur were involved, to be convinced that the existing conjuncture required mature deliberation. "It would be better," said he, "not to begin the contest at all, than to bring ruin and desolation on our own country." Poshang, on the contrary, thought the time peculiarly fit and inviting, and contended that, as Minuchihr took vengeance for the blood of his grandfather, so ought Afrasiyab to take vengeance for his. "The grandson," he said, "who refuses to do this act of justice, is unworthy of his family. There is nothing to apprehend from the efforts of Nauder, who is an inexperienced youth, nor from the valor of his warriors. Afrasiyab is brave and powerful in war, and thou must accompany him and share the glory." After this no further observation was offered, and the martial preparations were completed.



AFRASIYAB MARCHES AGAINST NAUDER

The brazen drums on the elephants were sounded as the signal of departure, and the army proceeded rapidly to its destination, overshadowing the earth in its progress. Afrasiyab had penetrated as far as the Jihun before Nauder was aware of his approach. Upon receiving this intelligence of the activity of the enemy, the warriors of the Persian army immediately moved in that direction, and on their arrival at Dehstan, prepared for battle.

Afrasiyab despatched thirty thousand of his troops under the command of Shimasas and Khazervan to Zabulistan, to act against Zal, having heard on his march of the death of the illustrious Sam, and advanced himself upon Dehstan with four hundred thousand soldiers, covering the ground like swarms of ants and locusts. He soon discovered that Nauder's forces did not exceed one hundred and forty thousand men, and wrote to Poshang, his father, in high spirits, especially on account of not having to contend against Sam, the warrior, and informed him that he had detached Shimasas against Zabulistan. When the armies had approached to within two leagues of each other, Barman, one of the Turanian chiefs, offered to challenge any one of the enemy to single combat: but Aghriras objected to it, not wishing that so valuable a hero should run the hazard of discomfiture. At this Afrasiyab was very indignant and directed Barman to follow the bent of his own inclinations.

"'Tis not for us to shrink from Persian foe, Put on thy armour, and prepare thy bow."

Accordingly the challenge was given. Karun looked round, and the only person who answered the call was the aged Kobad, his brother. Karun and Kobad were both sons of Kavah, the blacksmith, and both leaders in the Persian army. No persuasion could restrain Kobad from the unequal conflict. He resisted all the entreaties of Karun, who said to him—

"O, should thy hoary locks be stained with blood, Thy legions will be overwhelmed with grief, And, in despair, decline the coming battle." But what was the reply of brave Kobad? "Brother, this body, this frail tenement, Belongs to death. No living man has ever Gone up to Heaven—for all are doomed to die.— Some by the sword, the dagger, or the spear, And some, devoured by roaring beasts of prey; Some peacefully upon their beds, and others Snatched suddenly from life, endure the lot Ordained by the Creator. If I perish, Does not my brother live, my noble brother, To bury me beneath a warrior's tomb, And bless my memory?"

Saying this, he rushed forward, and the two warriors met in desperate conflict. The struggle lasted all day; at last Barman threw a stone at his antagonist with such force, that Kobad in receiving the blow fell lifeless from his horse. When Karun saw that his brother was slain, he brought forward his whole army to be revenged for the death of Kobad. Afrasiyab himself advanced to the charge, and the encounter was dreadful. The soldiers who fell among the Turanians could not be numbered, but the Persians lost fifty thousand men.

Loud neighed the steeds, and their resounding hoofs. Shook the deep caverns of the earth; the dust Rose up in clouds and hid the azure heavens— Bright beamed the swords, and in that carnage wide, Blood flowed like water. Night alone divided The hostile armies.

When the battle ceased Karun fell back upon Dehstan, and communicated his misfortune to Nauder, who lamented the loss of Kobad, even more than that of Sam. In the morning Karun again took the field against Afrasiyab, and the conflict was again terrible. Nauder boldly opposed himself to the enemy, and singling out Afrasiyab, the two heroes fought with great bravery till night again put an end to the engagement. The Persian army had suffered most, and Nauder retired to his tent disappointed, fatigued, and sorrowful. He then called to mind the words of Minuchihr, and called for his two sons, Tus and Gustahem. With melancholy forebodings he directed them to return to Iran, with his shubistan, or domestic establishment, and take refuge on the mountain Alberz, in the hope that some one of the race of Feridun might survive the general ruin which seemed to be approaching.

The armies rested two days. On the third the reverberating noise of drums and trumpets announced the recommencement of the battle. On the Persian side Shahpur had been appointed in the room of Kobad, and Barman and Shiwaz led the right and left of the Turanians under Afrasiyab.

From dawn to sunset, mountain, plain, and stream, Were hid from view; the earth, beneath the tread Of myriads, groaned; and when the javelins cast Long shadows on the plain at even-tide, The Tartar host had won the victory; And many a Persian chief fell on that day:— Shahpur himself was slain.

When Nauder and Karun saw the unfortunate result of the battle, they again fell back upon Dehstan, and secured themselves in the fort. Afrasiyab in the meantime despatched Karukhan to Iran, through the desert, with a body of horsemen, for the purpose of intercepting and capturing the shubistan of Nauder. As soon as Karun heard of this expedition he was all on fire, and proposed to pursue the squadron under Karukhan, and frustrate at once the object which the enemy had in view; and though Nauder was unfavorable to this movement, Karun, supported by several of the chiefs and a strong volunteer force, set off at midnight, without permission, on this important enterprise. It was not long before they reached the Duz-i-Suped, or white fort, of which Gustahem was the governor, and falling in with Barman, who was also pushing forward to Persia, Karun, in revenge for his brother Kobad, sought him out, and dared him to single combat. He threw his javelin with such might, that his antagonist was driven furiously from his horse; and then, dismounting, he cut off his head, and hung it at his saddle-bow. After this he attacked and defeated the Tartar troops, and continued his march towards Iran.

Nauder having found that Karun had departed, immediately followed, and Afrasiyab was not long in pursuing him. The Turanians at length came up with Nauder, and attacked him with great vigor. The unfortunate king, unable to parry the onset, fell into the hands of his enemies, together with upwards of one thousand of his famous warriors.

Long fought they, Nauder and the Tartar-chief, And the thick dust which rose from either host, Darkened the rolling Heavens. Afrasiyab Seized by the girdle-belt the Persian king, And furious, dragged him from his foaming horse. With him a thousand warriors, high in name, Were taken on the field; and every legion, Captured whilst flying from the victor's brand.

Such are the freaks of Fortune: friend and foe Alternate wear the crown. The world itself Is an ingenious juggler—every moment Playing some novel trick; exalting one In pomp and splendour, crushing down another, As if in sport,—and death the end of all!

After the achievement of this victory Afrasiyab directed that Karun should be pursued and attacked wherever he might be found; but when he heard that he had hurried on for the protection of the shubistan, and had conquered and slain Barman, he gnawed his hands with rage. The reign of Nauder lasted only seven years. After him Afrasiyab was the master of Persia.



AFRASIYAB

It has already been said that Shimasas and Khazervan were sent by Afrasiyab with thirty thousand men against Kabul and Zabul, and when Zal heard of this movement he forthwith united with Mihrab the chief of Kabul, and having first collected a large army in Sistan, had a conflict with the two Tartar generals.

Zal promptly donned himself in war attire, And, mounted like a hero, to the field Hastened, his soldiers frowning on their steeds. Now Khazervan grasps his huge battle-axe, And, his broad shield extending, at one blow Shivers the mail of Zal, who calls aloud As, like a lion, to the fight he springs, Armed with his father's mace. Sternly he looks And with the fury of a dragon, drives The weapon through his adversary's head, Staining the ground with streaks of blood, resembling The waving stripes upon a tiger's back.

At this time Rustem was confined at home with the smallpox. Upon the death of Khazervan, Shimasas thirsted to be revenged; but when Zal meeting him raised his mace, and began to close, the chief became alarmed and turned back, and all his squadrons followed his example.

Fled Shimasas, and all his fighting train, Like herds by tempests scattered o'er the plain.

Zal set off in pursuit, and slew a great number of the enemy; but when Afrasiyab was made acquainted with this defeat, he immediately released Nauder from his fetters, and in his rage instantly deprived him of life.

He struck him and so deadly was the blow, Breath left the body in a moment's space.

After this Afrasiyab turned his views towards Tus and Gustahem in the hope of getting them into his hands; but as soon as they received intimation of his object, the two brothers retired from Iran, and went to Sistan to live under the protection of Zal. The champion received them with due respect and honor. Karun also went, with all the warriors and people who had been supported by Nauder, and co-operated with Zal, who encouraged them with the hopes of future success. Zal, however, considered that both Tus and Gustahem were still of a tender age—that a monarch of extraordinary wisdom and energy was required to oppose Afrasiyab—that he himself was not of the blood of the Kais, nor fit for the duties of sovereignty, and, therefore, he turned his thoughts towards Aghriras, the younger brother of Afrasiyab, distinguished as he was for his valor, prudence, and humanity, and to whom Poshang, his father, had given the government of Rai. To him Zal sent an envoy, saying, that if he would proceed to Sistan, he should be supplied with ample resources to place him on the throne of Persia; that by the co-operation of Zal and all his warriors the conquest would be easy, and that there would be no difficulty in destroying the power of Afrasiyab. Aghriras accepted the offer, and immediately proceeded from his kingdom of Rai towards Sistan. On his arrival at Babel, Afrasiyab heard of his ambitious plans, and lost no time in assembling his army and marching to arrest the progress of his brother. Aghriras, unable to sustain a battle, had recourse to negotiation and a conference, in which Afrasiyab said to him, "What rebellious conduct is this, of which thou art guilty? Is not the country of Rai sufficient for thee, that thou art thus aspiring to be a great king?" Aghriras replied: "Why reproach and insult me thus? Art thou not ashamed to accuse another of rebellious conduct?

"Shame might have held thy tongue; reprove not me In bitterness; God did not give thee power To injure man, and surely not thy kin." Afrasiyab, enraged at this reproof, Replied by a foul deed—he grasped his sword, And with remorseless fury slew his brother!

When intelligence of this cruel catastrophe came to Zal's ears, he exclaimed: "Now indeed has the empire of Afrasiyab arrived at its crisis:

"Yes, yes, the tyrant's throne is tottering now, And past is all his glory."

Then Zal bound his loins in hostility against Afrasiyab, and gathering together all his warriors, resolved upon taking revenge for the death of Nauder, and expelling the tyrant from Persia. Neither Tus nor Gustahem being yet capable of sustaining the cares and duties of the throne, his anxiety was to obtain the assistance of some one of the race of Feridun.

These youths were for imperial rule unfit: A king of royal lineage and worth The state required, and none could he remember Save Tahmasp's son, descended from the blood Of Feridun.



ZAU

At the time when Silim and Tur were killed, Tahmasp, the son of Silim, fled from the country and took refuge in an island, where he died, and left a son named Zau. Zal sent Karun, the son of Kavah, attended by a proper escort, with overtures to Zau, who readily complied, and was under favorable circumstances seated upon the throne:

Speedily, in arms, He led his troops to Persia, fought, and won A kingdom, by his power and bravery— And happy was the day when princely Zau Was placed upon that throne of sovereignty; All breathed their prayers upon his future reign, And o'er his head (the customary rite) Shower'd gold and jewels.

When he had subdued the country, he turned his arms against Afrasiyab, who in consequence of losing the co-operation of the Persians, and not being in a state to encounter a superior force, thought it prudent to retreat, and return to his father. The reign of Zau lasted five years, after which he died, and was succeeded by his son Garshasp.



GARSHASP

Garshasp, whilst in his minority, being unacquainted with the affairs of government, abided in all things by the judgment and counsels of Zal. When Afrasiyab arrived at Turan, his father was in great distress and anger on account of the inhuman murder of Aghriras; and so exceedingly did he grieve, that he would not endure his presence.

And when Afrasiyab returned, his sire, Poshang, in grief, refused to see his face. To him the day of happiness and joy Had been obscured by the dark clouds of night; And thus he said: "Why didst thou, why didst thou In power supreme, without pretence of guilt, With thy own hand his precious life destroy? Why hast thou shed thy innocent brother's blood? In this life thou art nothing now to me; Away, I must not see thy face again."

Afrasiyab continued offensive and despicable in the mind of his father till he heard that Garshasp was unequal to rule over Persia, and then thinking he could turn the warlike spirit of Afrasiyab to advantage, he forgave the crime of his son. He forthwith collected an immense army, and sent him again to effect the conquest of Iran, under the pretext of avenging the death of Silim and Tur.

Afrasiyab a mighty army raised, And passing plain and river, mountain high, And desert wild, filled all the Persian realm With consternation, universal dread.

The chief authorities of the country applied to Zal as their only remedy against the invasion of Afrasiyab.

They said to Zal, "How easy is the task For thee to grasp the world—then, since thou canst Afford us succour, yield the blessing now; For, lo! the King Afrasiyab has come, In all his power and overwhelming might."

Zal replied that he had on this occasion appointed Rustem to command the army, and to oppose the invasion of Afrasiyab.

And thus the warrior Zal to Rustem spoke— "Strong as an elephant thou art, my son, Surpassing thy companions, and I now Forewarn thee that a difficult emprize, Hostile to ease or sleep, demands thy care. 'Tis true, of battles thou canst nothing know, But what am I to do? This is no time For banquetting, and yet thy lips still breathe The scent of milk, a proof of infancy; Thy heart pants after gladness and the sweet Endearments of domestic life; can I Then send thee to the war to cope with heroes Burning with wrath and vengeance?" Rustem said— "Mistake me not, I have no wish, not I, For soft endearments, nor domestic life, Nor home-felt joys. This chest, these nervous limbs, Denote far other objects of pursuit, Than a luxurious life of ease and pleasure."

Zal having taken great pains in the instruction of Rustem in warlike exercises, and the rules of battle, found infinite aptitude in the boy, and his activity and skill seemed to be superior to his own. He thanked God for the comfort it gave him, and was glad. Then Rustem asked his father for a suitable mace; and seeing the huge weapon which was borne by the great Sam, he took it up, and it answered his purpose exactly.

When the young hero saw the mace of Sam He smiled with pleasure, and his heart rejoiced; And paying homage to his father Zal, The champion of the age, asked for a steed Of corresponding power, that he might use That famous club with added force and vigor.

Zal showed him all the horses in his possession, and Rustem tried many, but found not one of sufficient strength to suit him. At last his eyes fell upon a mare followed by a foal of great promise, beauty, and strength.

Seeing that foal, whose bright and glossy skin Was dappled o'er, like blossoms of the rose Upon a saffron lawn, Rustem prepared His noose, and held it ready in his hand.

The groom recommended him to secure the foal, as it was the offspring of Abresh, born of a Diw, or Demon, and called Rakush. The dam had killed several persons who attempted to seize her young one.

Now Rustem flings the noose, and suddenly Rakush secures. Meanwhile the furious mare Attacks him, eager with her pointed teeth To crush his brain—but, stunned by his loud cry, She stops in wonder. Then with clenched hand He smites her on the head and neck, and down She tumbles, struggling in the pangs of death.

Rakush, however, though with the noose round his neck, was not so easily subdued; but kept dragging and pulling Rustem, as if by a tether, and it was a considerable time before the animal could be reduced to subjection. At last, Rustem thanked Heaven that he had obtained the very horse he wanted.

"Now am I with my horse prepared to join The field of warriors!" Thus the hero said, And placed the saddle on his charger. Zal Beheld him with delight,—his withered heart Glowing with summer freshness. Open then He threw his treasury—thoughtless of the past Or future—present joy absorbing all His faculties, and thrilling every nerve.

In a short time Zal sent Rustem with a prodigious army against Afrasiyab, and two days afterwards set off himself and joined his son. Afrasiyab said, "The son is but a boy, and the father is old; I shall have no difficulty in recovering the empire of Persia." These observations having reached Zal, he pondered deeply, considering that Garshasp would not be able to contend against Afrasiyab, and that no other prince of the race of Feridun was known to be in existence. However, he despatched people in every quarter to gather information on the subject, and at length Kai-kobad was understood to be residing in obscurity on the mountain Alberz, distinguished for his wisdom and valor, and his qualifications for the exercise of sovereign power. Zal therefore recommended Rustem to proceed to Alberz, and bring him from his concealment.

Thus Zal to Rustem spoke, "Go forth, my son, And speedily perform this pressing duty, To linger would be dangerous. Say to him, 'The army is prepared—the throne is ready, And thou alone, of the Kaianian race, Deemed fit for sovereign rule.'"

Rustem accordingly mounted Rakush, and accompanied by a powerful force, pursued his way towards the mountain Alberz; and though the road was infested by the troops of Afrasiyab, he valiantly overcame every difficulty that was opposed to his progress. On reaching the vicinity of Alberz, he observed a beautiful spot of ground studded with luxuriant trees, and watered by glittering rills. There too, sitting upon a throne, placed in the shade on the flowery margin of a stream, he saw a young man, surrounded by a company of friends and attendants, and engaged at a gorgeous entertainment. Rustem, when he came near, was hospitably invited to partake of the feast: but this he declined, saying, that he was on an important mission to Alberz, which forbade the enjoyment of any pleasure till his task was accomplished; in short, that he was in search of Kai-kobad: but upon being told that he would there receive intelligence of him, he alighted and approached the bank of the stream where the company was assembled. The young man who was seated upon the golden throne took hold of the hand of Rustem, and filling up a goblet with wine, gave another to his guest, and asked him at whose command or suggestion he was in search of Kai-kobad. Rustem replied, that he was sent by his father Zal, and frankly communicated to him the special object they had in view. The young man, delighted with the information, immediately discovered himself, acknowledged that he was Kai-kobad, and then Rustem respectfully hailed him as the sovereign of Persia.

The banquet was resumed again— And, hark, the softly warbled strain, As harp and flute, in union sweet, The voices of the singers meet. The black-eyed damsels now display Their art in many an amorous lay; And now the song is loud and clear, And speaks of Rustem's welcome here. "This is a day, a glorious day, That drives ungenial thoughts away; This is a day to make us glad, Since Rustem comes for Kai-kobad; O, let us pass our time in glee, And talk of Jemshid's majesty, The pomp and glory of his reign, And still the sparkling goblet drain.— Come, Saki, fill the wine-cup high, And let not even its brim be dry; For wine alone has power to part The rust of sorrow from the heart. Drink to the king, in merry mood, Since fortune smiles, and wine is good; Quaffing red wine is better far Than shedding blood in strife, or war; Man is but dust, and why should he Become a fire of enmity? Drink deep, all other cares resign. For what can vie with ruby wine?"

In this manner ran the song of the revellers. After which, and being rather merry with wine, Kai-kobad told Rustem of the dream that had induced him to descend from his place of refuge on Alberz, and to prepare a banquet on the occasion. He dreamt the night before that two white falcons from Persia placed a splendid crown upon his head, and this vision was interpreted by Rustem as symbolical of his father and himself, who at that moment were engaged in investing him with kingly power. The hero then solicited the young sovereign to hasten his departure for Persia, and preparations were made without delay. They travelled night and day, and fell in with several detachments of the enemy, which were easily repulsed by the valor of Rustem. The fiercest attack proceeded from Kelun, one of Afrasiyab's warriors, near the confines of Persia, who in the encounter used his spear with great dexterity and address.

But Rustem with his javelin soon transfixed The Tartar knight—who in the eyes of all Looked like a spitted chicken—down he sunk, And all his soldiers fled in wild dismay. Then Rustem turned aside, and found a spot Where verdant meadows smiled, and streamlets flowed, Inviting weary travellers to rest. There they awhile remained—and when the sun Went down, and night had darkened all the sky, The champion joyfully pursued his way, And brought the monarch to his father's house. —Seven days they sat in council—on the eighth Young Kai-kobad was crowned—and placed upon The ivory throne in presence of his warriors, Who all besought him to commence the war Against the Tartar prince, Afrasiyab.



KAI-KOBAD

Kai-kobad having been raised to the throne at a council of the warriors, and advised to oppose the progress of Afrasiyab, immediately assembled his army. Mihrab, the ruler of Kabul, was appointed to one wing, and Gustahem to the other—the centre was given to Karun and Kishwad, and Rustem was placed in front, Zal with Kai-kobad remaining in the rear. The glorious standard of Kavah streamed upon the breeze.

On the other side, Afrasiyab prepared for battle, assisted by his heroes Akbas, Wisah, Shimasas, and Gersiwaz; and so great was the clamor and confusion which proceeded from both armies, that earth and sky seemed blended together.[8] The clattering of hoofs, the shrill roar of trumpets, the rattle of brazen drums, and the vivid glittering of spear and shield, produced indescribable tumult and splendor.

Karun was the first in action, and he brought many a hero to the ground. He singled out Shimasas; and after a desperate struggle, laid him breathless on the field. Rustem, stimulated by these exploits, requested his father, Zal, to point out Afrasiyab, that he might encounter him; but Zal endeavored to dissuade him from so hopeless an effort, saying,

"My son, be wise, and peril not thyself; Black is his banner, and his cuirass black— His limbs are cased in iron—on his head He wears an iron helm—and high before him Floats the black ensign; equal in his might To ten strong men, he never in one place Remains, but everywhere displays his power. The crocodile has in the rolling stream No safety; and a mountain, formed of steel, Even at the mention of Afrasiyab, Melts into water. Then, beware of him." Rustem replied:—"Be not alarmed for me— My heart, my arm, my dagger, are my castle, And Heaven befriends me—let him but appear, Dragon or Demon, and the field is mine."

Then Rustem valiantly urged Rakush towards the Turanian army, and called out aloud. As soon as Afrasiyab beheld him, he inquired who he could be, and he was told, "This is Rustem, the son of Zal. Seest thou not in his hand the battle-axe of Sam? The youth has come in search of renown." When the combatants closed, they struggled for some time together, and at length Rustem seized the girdle-belt of his antagonist, and threw him from his saddle. He wished to drag the captive as a trophy to Kai-kobad, that his first great victory might be remembered, but unfortunately the belt gave way, and Afrasiyab fell on the ground. Immediately the fallen chief was surrounded and rescued by his own warriors, but not before Rustem had snatched off his crown, and carried it away with the broken girdle which was left in his hand. And now a general engagement took place. Rustem being reinforced by the advance of the king, with Zal and Mihrab at his side—

Both armies seemed so closely waging war, Thou wouldst have said, that they were mixed together. The earth shook with the tramping of the steeds, Rattled the drums; loud clamours from the troops Echoed around, and from the iron grasp Of warriors, many a life was spent in air. With his huge mace, cow-headed, Rustem dyed The ground with crimson—and wherever seen, Urging impatiently his fiery horse, Heads severed fell like withered leaves in autumn. If, brandishing his sword, he struck the head, Horseman and steed were downward cleft in twain— And if his side-long blow was on the loins, The sword passed through, as easily as the blade Slices a cucumber. The blood of heroes Deluged the plain. On that tremendous day, With sword and dagger, battle-axe and noose,[9] He cut, and tore, and broke, and bound the brave, Slaying and making captive. At one swoop More than a thousand fell by his own hand.

Zal beheld his son with amazement and delight. The Turanians left the fire-worshippers in possession of the field, and retreated towards the Jihun with precipitation, not a sound of drum or trumpet denoting their track. After halting three days in a state of deep dejection and misery, they continued their retreat along the banks of the Jihun. The Persian army, upon the flight of the enemy, fell back with their prisoners of war, and Rustem was received by the king with distinguished honor. When Afrasiyab returned to his father, he communicated to him, with a heavy heart, the misfortunes of the battle, and the power that had been arrayed against him, dwelling with wonder and admiration on the stupendous valor of Rustem.

Seeing my sable banner, He to the fight came like a crocodile, Thou wouldst have said his breath scorched up the plain; He seized my girdle with such mighty force As if he would have torn my joints asunder; And raised me from my saddle—that I seemed An insect in his grasp—but presently The golden girdle broke, and down I fell Ingloriously upon the dusty ground; But I was rescued by my warrior train! Thou knowest my valour, how my nerves are strung, And may conceive the wondrous strength, which thus Sunk me to nothing. Iron is his frame, And marvellous his power; peace, peace, alone Can save us and our country from destruction.

Poshang, considering the luckless state of affairs, and the loss of so many valiant warriors, thought it prudent to acquiesce in the wishes of Afrasiyab, and sue for peace. To this end Wisah was intrusted with magnificent presents, and the overtures which in substance ran thus: "Minuchihr was revenged upon Tur and Silim for the death of Irij. Afrasiyab again has revenged their death upon Nauder, the son of Minuchihr, and now Rustem has conquered Afrasiyab. But why should we any longer keep the world in confusion—Why should we not be satisfied with what Feridun, in his wisdom, decreed? Continue in the empire which he appropriated to Irij, and let the Jihun be the boundary between us, for are we not connected by blood, and of one family? Let our kingdoms be gladdened with the blessings of peace."

When these proposals of peace reached Kai-kobad, the following answer was returned:

"Well dost thou know that I was not the first To wage this war. From Tur, thy ancestor, The strife began. Bethink thee how he slew The gentle Irij—his own brother;—how, In these our days, thy son, Afrasiyab, Crossing the Jihun, with a numerous force Invaded Persia—think how Nauder died! Not in the field of battle, like a hero, But murdered by thy son—who, ever cruel, Afterwards stabbed his brother, young Aghriras, So deeply mourned by thee. Yet do I thirst not For vengeance, or for strife. I yield the realm Beyond the Jihun—let that river be The boundary between us; but thy son, Afrasiyab, must take his solemn oath Never to cross that limit, or disturb The Persian throne again; thus pledged, I grant The peace solicited."