Wednesday, 22nd March: Friends of Order shot in the Rue de la Paix. Lullier arrested by order of the Central Committee.

Thursday, 23rd March: Vice-Admiral Saisset is appointed by the Assembly Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard.

Friday, 24th March: The delegates Brunel, Eudes, Duval, are promoted to the rank of generals by the Central Committee. Vice-Admiral Saisset's proclamation.

Saturday, 29th March: Occupation of the Mairie of the 1st Arrondissement by the Federals. First placard of the Committee of Conciliation. Rumour of the arrest of Lullier reproached for moderation. Vice-Admiral Saisset retires to Versailles. Sunday, 26th March: Municipal elections to constitute the Commune of Paris.

Tuesday, 28th March: 4 p.m., names of the elect proclaimed at the Hotel de Ville. Arrival of General Chanzy at Versailles.

Wednesday, 29th March: Conscription abolished—all citizens to be National Guards. Pawnbroking decree. Organisation of commissions: executive, financial, military, etc. Ministers to be called delegates.

Saturday, 1st April: The Executive Committee issues a decree to suppress the rank and functions of General-in-Chief. General Eudes appointed Delegate of War; Bergeret to the staff of the National Guard, in place of Brunel; Duval to the military command of the ex-Prefecture of Police, where Raoul Rigault was civil delegate.

Sunday, 2nd April: Military operations commence 9 a.m. Action at Courbevoie. Flourens marches his troops to Versailles, via Rueil.

Monday, 3rd April: The corps d'armee of General Bergeret at the Rond Point near Neuilly, is stopped by the artillery of Mont Valerien. Exchange of shot between Fort Issy and Fort Vanves, occupied by insurgents, and Meudon.—The separation of Church and State decreed.

Tuesday, 4th April: General Duval made prisoner in the engagement at Chatillon and shot. Death of Flourens at Rueil.—Delescluze, Cournet, and Vermorel succeed Generals Bergeret, Eudes, and Duval on the Executive Commission. Cluseret Delegate of War, and Bergeret commandant of Paris forces.

Wednesday, 6th April: General Cluseret commences active operations. Military service compulsory for all citizens under forty. Abbe Deguerry, and Archbishop of Paris arrested.

Thursday, 6th April: Extension of action to Neuilly and Courbevoie. Versailles army decreed by executive authority. Obsequies of Flourens at Versailles.—Decree concerning the complicity with Versailles, and arrest of hostages. The rank of general suppressed by the Commune. Dombrowski succeeds Bergeret as Commandant of Paris.

Friday, 7th April: Decree for disarming the Refractaires. The guillotine is burnt on the Place Voltaire.

Saturday, 8th April: Federals abandon Neuilly.—Commission of barricades created and presided over by Gaillard Senior. Military occupation of the railway termini by the insurgents.

Sunday, 9th April: Insurgents attempt to retake Chatillon, but are repulsed. Forts Vanves and Montrouge disabled. Mont Valerien shells the Avenue des Ternes.—Assy and Bergeret arrested by order of the Commune.

Tuesday, 11th April: Marshal MacMahon, Commander-in-Chief, distributes his forces. Commences the investment of fort Issy.

Wednesday, 12th April: Versailles batteries established on Chatillon. The Orleans railway and telegraph out. Communications of the insurgents with the south intercepted.—Decree ordering the fall of the Column Vendome. Decree concerning the complementary elections.

Thursday, 13th April: Courbet presides at a meeting of artists at the Ecole de Medecine. Publication of the reports of the sittings of the Commune.

Friday, 14th April: The redoubt of Gennevilliers taken. The troops of Versailles make advances to the Chateau de Becon, a post of importance.—Lullier takes the command of the flotilla on the Seine.

Sunday, 16th April: Complementary elections. Organisation of a court-martial under the presidence of Rossel, chief officer of the staff.

Monday, 11th April: Capture and fortification of the Chateau de Becon.

Tuesday, 18th April: Station and houses at Asnieres taken by the army of Versailles.

Thursday, 20th April: The village of Bagneux is occupied by the Versaillais.—Reorganisation of commissions. Eudes appointed inspector-general of the southern forts. Transfers his quarters from Montrouge to the Palace of the Legion of Honour.

Saturday, 22nd April: Deputation from the Freemasons to Versailles.

Monday, 24th April: Raoul Rigault takes the office of public prosecutor, resigning the Prefecture of Police to Cournet.

Tuesday, 25th April: The Versailles batteries at Breteuil, Brimborion, Meudon, and Moulin de Pierre trouble the Federal Fort Issy, and battery between Bagneux and Chatillon shells Fort Vanves. Truce at Neuilly from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The inhabitants of Neuilly enter Paris by the Porte des Ternes.

Wednesday, 26th April: Capture of Les Moulineaux, outpost of the insurgents, by the troops, who strongly fortify themselves on the 27th and 28th.

Saturday, 29th April: Cemetery and park of Issy taken by the Versaillais in the night.—Freemasons make a new attempt at conciliation. The Commune levies a sum of two millions of francs from the railway companies.

Sunday, 30th April: A flag of truce sent to Fort Issy by the Versaillais, calling upon the Federals to surrender. General Eudes puts fresh troops in the fort, and takes the command himself.—Cluseret imprisoned at Mazas by order of the Commune. Rossel appointed provisional Delegate of War.

Monday, 1st May: The Versaillais take the station of Clamart and the Chateau of Issy.—Creation of the Committee of Public Safety. Members: Antoine Arnauld, Leo Meillet, Ranvier, Felix Pyat, Charles Gerardin.

Wednesday, 3rd May: The troops of General Lacretelle carry the redoubt of Moulin Saquet.

Friday, 5th May: Colonel Rossel appointed to the direction of military affairs. He defines the military quarters: General Dombrowski, Place Vendome; General La Cecilia, at the Ecole Militaire; General Wroblewski, at the Elysee; General Bergeret, at the Corps Legislatif; General Eudes at the Palace of the Legion of Honour. The Central Committee of the National Guard charged with Administration of War under the supervision of the military commission. The Chapelle Expiatoire condemned to destruction—the materials to be sold by auction.

Saturday, 6th May: Concert at the Tuileries in aid of the ambulances. Suppression of newspapers.

Monday, 8th May: Battery of Montretout (70 marine guns) opens fire.

Tuesday, 9th May: Morning, insurgents evacuate the Fort Issy.—The Committee of Public Safety renewed. Members: Ranvier, Antoine Arnauld, Gambon, Eudes, Delescluze. Rossel resigns; his letter to the Commune.

Wednesday, 10th May: Cannon from the Fort Issy taken to Versailles.—Decree for the demolition of M. Thiers' house. Delescluze appointed Delegate of War.

Friday, 12th May: Troops take possession of the Couvent des Oiseaux at Issy, and the Lyceum at Vanves.

Saturday, 13th May: Triumphal entry of the troops into Versailles with flags and cannon taken from the Convent. The evacuation of the village of Issy completed. Fort Vanves taken by the troops.

Sunday, 14th May: Vigorous cannonade from the batteries of Courbevoie, Becon, Asnieres on Levallois and Clichy: both villages evacuated. Commencement of the demolition of house of M. Thiers.

Monday, 15th May: Report of the rearmament of Montmartre.

Tuesday, 16th May: The Column Vendome falls.

Wednesday, 11th May: Powder magazine and cartridge factory near the Champ de Mars blown up.

Sunday, 21st May: 2 p.m. the troops enter Paris.—Rochefort arrives at Versailles. Raoul Rigault and Regere charged with the hostage decree.

Monday, 22nd May: Noon, explosion of the powder magazine of the Manege d'Etat-Major (staff riding-school). The hostages transferred from Mazas to La Roquette. Assy arrested in Paris by the Versaillais. The Assembly votes the re-erection of the Column Vendome.

Tuesday, 23rd May: Montmartre taken. Death of Dombrowski. Morning, Assy arrives at Versailles. Execution of gendarmes and Gustave Chaudey at the prison of Sainte-Pelagie. Night, the Tuileries are set on fire. Delescluze and the Committee of Public Safety hold permanent sittings at the Hotel de Ville.

Wednesday, 24th May: One p.m., the powder magazine at the Palais du Luxembourg blown up. The Committee of Public Safety organise detachments of fusee-bearers. Raoul Rigault shot in the afternoon by the soldiers. In the evening, execution in the Prison of La Roquette of the Archbishop, Abbe Deguerry, etc.

Thursday, 26th May: The forts Montrouge, Hautes-Bruyeres, Bicetre evacuated by the insurgents. The death of Delescluze is reported to have taken place this day. Executions in the Avenue d'Italie of the Peres Dominicains of Arcueil.

Friday, 26th May: Sixteen priests shot in the Cemetery of Pere Lachaise by the insurgents.

Saturday, 27th May: The Buttes Chaumont, the heights of Belleville, and the Cemetery of Pere Lachaise carried by the troops. Taking of the prison La Roquette by the Marines. Deliverance of 169 hostages.

Sunday, 28th May: The investment of Belleville complete.

Monday, 29th May: Six. p.m., the federal garrison of the fortress of Vincennes surrendered at discretion.



I. (Page 2.)

HENRI ROCHEFORT.

Henri Rochefort, personal enemy of the Empire, republican humourist of the Marseillaise, and the lukewarm socialist of the Mot d'Ordre, who could answer to the judge who demanded his name, "I am Henri Rochefort, Comte de Lucey," has been reproached by some with his titles of nobility, and with the childish pleasure that he takes in affecting the plebeian. It is said of him that he aspires but to descend, but who would condemn him for spurning the petrifactions of the Faubourg Saint-Germain? A man must march with the times.

Rochefort has distinguished himself among the young men by the marvellous tact that he has shown in discovering the way to popular favour. If I were allowed to compare a marquis to one of the canine species, I should say that he has a keen scent for popularity; but one must respect rank in a period like ours, when we may go to sleep to the shouts of the canaille, and awake to the melodious sounds of "Vive Henri V!" "Long live the King!"

Born in January, 1830, Henri Rochefort was the son of a marquis, although his father, lately dead, was a vaudevilliste and his mother a patissere. From such a fusion might have emanated odd tastes, such as preferring truffles to potatoes, but putting the knife into requisition whilst eating green peas. But in his case Mother Nature had intermingled elements so cleverly that Rochefort could be republican and royalist, catholic and atheist, without being accused for all that of being a political weathercock.

As a writer of drollery and scandal in the Charivari, would it have been well if he had used his title as a badge? Later, when contributing to the Nain Jaune, the Soleil, the Evenement, and the Figaro, when everyone would have been enchanted to call him mon cher Comte, he never displayed his rank, except when on the ground, face to face with the sword or pistol of Prince Achille Murat or Paul de Cassagnac.

A frequenter of cafes, living fast, bitter with journalists, hail-fellow with comedians, he lavished his wit for the benefit of minor theatres, and expended the exuberance of his patrician blood in comic odes. Dispensing thus some of his strength in such pieces as the Vieillesse de Brididi, the Foire aux Grotesques, and Un Monsieur Bien-Mis, in 1868 he founded the Lanterne, and thenceforth became the most ardent champion of the revolutionary party; and in the brilliant articles we all know, he cast its light on the follies of others under the pretext that they were his own. This satirical production reached the eleventh number, when its author, overstepping all bounds, took Napoleon by the horns and the gendarmes by the nose, and committed other extravagances, until the Government fined him to the amount of ten thousand francs penalties, and ordered him a short repose in the prison of Sainte-Pelagie. The notoriety attaching to his name dates from that period, and the events which accompanied the violent death of Victor Noir tended to augment his popularity and to convert him into the leader of a party, or the bearer of a flag, around which rallied all the elements of the struggle against established authority. He escaped to Belgium, and studied socialism, which he expounded later to an admiring audience of seventeen to eighteen thousand electors at Belleville. Elected deputy by the 20th Arrondissement, M. de Rochefort became, in 1869, a favourite representative of that class of the Parisian population whose bad instincts he had flattered and whose tendencies to revolt against authority he had encouraged, and in virtue of these claims he was chosen to form part of the Government of the National Defence. As President of the Commission of Barricades, after the 4th of September, during the siege of Paris, in the midst of the difficulties of all sorts caused to the Government of the National Defence by the investment of the capital, M. De Rochefort, making more and more common cause with the revolutionary party, separated himself from his colleagues in the Government who refused to permit the establishment of a second Government, the Commune, within a besieged city. By this act he openly declared himself a partisan of the Commune, and immediately after the acceptance of the preliminaries of peace he resigned his position as a deputy, alleging that his commission was at an end, and retired to Arcachon.

His wildly sanguinary articles in the Marseillaise, and the compacts sealed with blood, with Flourens and his associates, now had so exhausted our poor Rochefort that at the moment of flourishing his handkerchief as the standard of the canaille, he dropped pale and fainting to the ground, attacked by a severe illness. He was hardly convalescent when the events of the 18th of March occurred. But early in April, he exerted himself to assume the direction of the Mot d'Ordre, which, after having been suppressed by order of General Vinoy, the military commandant of Paris, had reappeared immediately upon the establishment of the Commune. He arrived on the scene of contest about the 8th or 10th of April. The daily report of military operations states the movements of the enemy, and points out what should be done to meet and resist him most advantageously (12th, 13th, and 14th of April; 10th; 16th, and 20th of May). Imaginary successes, the inaccuracy of which must in most instances have been known to the chief editor of the Mot d'Ordre, encouraged the hopes of the insurgents, while the announcement of unsuccessful combats was delayed with evident intention; the most ridiculous stories, the falsity of which was evident to the plainest common sense, and which could not escape the intelligence of M. Rochefort, were published in his journal, and kept up the popular excitement (12th, 15th, 19th, 26th, 27th, and 28th of April; 6th and 7th of May). It was in this manner that the pretended Pontifical Zouaves were brought upon the scene, with emblazoned banners, which were seized by the soldiers of the Commune (18th and 19th of April, 8th and 10th of May); that the Government of Versailles was furnished with war material given by, or purchased from the Prussians (27th and 28th of April, 6th and 17th of May); that it was again accused of making use of explosive bullets (18th and 19th of May), and of petroleum bombs (20th of April, and 2nd, 5th, 17th, and 19th of May); and that the best-known and most respected generals had been guilty of the grossest acts of cruelty and barbarity. Incitement to civil war (2nd and 26th of April and 14th and 24th of May) followed, as did also the oft-repeated accusation against the Government of wishing to reduce Paris by famine; indescribable calumnies directed against the Chief of the Executive Power (2nd, 16th, 20th, and 30th of April, and 8th of May), against the minister, the Chambers (16th of April and 14th of May), and the generals (12th, 16th, and 26th of April). The director of the Mot d'Ordre then finding that men's minds were prepared for all kinds of excesses, started the idea of the demolition of M. Thiers's house by way of reprisal (6th of April); he mentioned the artistic wealth which it contained. He also referred to the dwellings of other ministers. He returned persistently to this idea, and on the 17th of May he invited the people, in the name of justice, to burn off-hand that other humiliating monument which is styled the History of the Consulate and of the Empire—in short, he insists on the execution of these acts of Vandalism. He did not call for the destruction of the Column Vendome, but approved of the decree. He demands the destruction of the Expiatory Chapel of Louis XVI. (20th of April), and suggests the seizure of the crown jewels, which were in the possession of the bank (14th of April). In short, M. Rochefort, having entered upon a road which must naturally lead to extremes, finally arrives at a proposition for assassination. In the same way as he pointed out to the demolishers the house of M. Thiers, and to the bandits released by the Commune the treasures of the Church, so he points out to the assassins the unfortunate hostages.

A few days before the end of the reign of the Commune he judged it prudent, "seeing the gravity of events," to suspend the publication of his journal and to quit Paris.

He was arrested at Meaux. It was the "Meaux de la fin,"[113] said a friend and fellow-writer.

He arrived at Versailles on the twenty-first of May, at two o'clock, the same day on which the troops entered Paris. On Sept. 20 Rochefort was tried with the Communists before the military tribunal of Versailles. Physically he seemed to have suffered much during his three months of incarceration. He is reported to have made anything but a brilliant defence, and to have restricted himself to pleading past actions and good services. He said that he suppressed The Marseillaise at a loss of 20,000 francs per month, when he had no other private means of support, because he thought the effect of its articles would weaken the plan of Trochu for the defence of Paris, and that when he (M. Rochefort) held the forces populaires, and had an occasion unique, he chose to play a subordinate part. He stated himself a journalist under the reign of the Commune, and not an active power in the Commune from which in the end he had to fly. Rochefort owned that his articles in the Mot d'Ordre had been more or less violent, but he pleaded the cause his "facon plus ou moins nerveuse a ecrire" and that from illness he did not sometimes see his own journal. When pandering to a vulgar audience, Rochefort seemed to have lost his rich vein of satire, and to have lost himself in vile abuse. On the 21st he was sentenced to transportation for life within the enceinte of a French fortress.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 113: "Le mot de la fin," the final word—the finale.]



II. (Page 27.)

THE EIGHTEENTH OF MARCH.

It was on the day of the 18th of March, exactly six months after the appearance of Prussians beneath the walls of Paris, that the Government had chosen for the repression of the rebellion. At four o'clock in the morning, the troops of the army of Paris received orders to occupy the positions that had been assigned to them. All were to take part in the action, but it is just to add here that the most arduous and fatiguing part fell to the share of the Lustielle division, composed of the Paturel brigade (17th battalion of Chasseurs), and of the Lecomte brigade (18th battalion of Chasseurs). Three regiments of infantry were entrusted with the guard of the Hotel de Ville; another, the 89th, mounted guard at the Tuileries. The Place de la Bastille was occupied by a battalion of the 64th, and two companies of the 24th. Three other battalions remained confined to barracks on the Boulevard du Prince Eugene. The Rue de Flandre, the Rue de Puebla, and the Rue de Crimee were filled with strong detachments of Infantry; a battalion of the Republican Guard and the 35th Regiment of Infantry were drawn up in the neighbourhood of the Buttes Chaumont. The whole quarter around the Place Clichy was occupied by the Republican Guard, foot Chasseurs, mounted gendarmes, Chasseurs d'Afrique, and a half battery of artillery. Other troops, starting from this base-line of operation, were led up the heights of Montmartre, together with companies of Gardiens de la Paix (the former Sergents-de-Ville converted into soldiers). At six o'clock in the morning the first orders were executed; the Gardiens de la Paix surrounded a hundred and fifty or two hundred insurgents appointed to guard the park of artillery, and the troops made themselves masters of all the most important points. The success was complete. Nothing remained to be done but to carry off the guns. Unhappily, the horses which had been ordered for this purpose did not arrive at the right moment. The cause of this fatal delay remains still unknown, but it is certain that they were still on the Place de la Concorde at the time when they ought to have been harnessed to the guns at Montmartre. Before they arrived, agitation had broken out and spread all over the quarter. The turbulent population, complaining in indignant tones of circulation being stopped, insulted the sentinels placed at the entrances of the streets, and threatened the artillerymen who were watching them. At the same time, the Central Committee caused the rappel to be beaten, and towards seven o'clock in the morning ten or twelve thousand National Guards from the arrondissements of Batignolles, Montmartre, La Villette, and Belleville poured into the streets. Crowds of lookers-on surrounded the soldiers who were mounting guard by the recaptured pieces, the women and children asking them pleadingly if they would have the heart to fire upon their brothers.

Meanwhile, about a dozen tumbrils, with their horses, had arrived on the heights of the Buttes, the guns were dragged off, and were quietly proceeding down hill, when, at the corner of the Rue Lepic and the Rue des Abbesses, they were stopped by a concourse of several hundred people of the quarter, principally women and children. The foot soldiers, who were escorting the guns, forgetting their duty, allowed themselves to be dispersed by the crowd, and giving way to perfidious persuasion, ended by throwing up the butt ends of their guns. These soldiers belonged to the 88th Battalion of the Lecomte brigade. The immediate effect of their disaffection was to abandon the artillerymen to the power of the crowd that was increasing every moment, rendering it utterly impossible for them either to retreat or to advance. And the result was, that at nine o'clock in the morning the pieces fell once more into the hands of the National Guards.

Judging that the enterprise had no chance of succeeding by a return to the offensive, General Vinoy ordered a retreat, and retired to the quarter of Les Ternes. This movement had been, moreover, determined by the bad news arriving from other parts of Paris. The operations at Belleville had succeeded no better than those at Montmartre. A detachment of the 35th had, it is true, attacked and taken the Buttes Chaumont, defended only by about twenty National Guards; but as soon as the news of the capture had spread in the quarter, the drums beat to arms, and in a short time the troops were found fraternising with the National Guards of Belleville, who got possession again of the Buttes Chaumont, and not only retook their own guns, but also those which the artillery had brought up to support the manoeuvre of the infantry of the line. At the same time, the 120th shamefully allowed themselves to be disarmed by the people, and the insurgents became masters of the barracks of the Prince Eugene.

At about four o'clock in the afternoon, two columns of National Guards, each composed of three battalions, made their way towards the Hotel de Ville, where they were joined by a dozen other battalions from the left bank of the river; at the same hour, the insurgent guards of Belleville took and occupied the Imprimerie Nationale, the Napoleon Barracks, the staff-quarters of the Place Vendome, and the railway stations; the arrest of General Chanzy completed the work of the day, which had been put to profitable account by the insurgents.—"Guerre de Comunneux de Paris."



III. (Page 77.)

THE PRUSSIANS AND THE COMMUNE.

The enemies of yesterday, the Prussians, did not disdain to enter into communication with the Central Committee on the 22nd of March. This was an additional reason for the new masters of Paris to regard their position as established, and the Official Journal took care to make known to the public the following despatch received from Prussian head-quarters:—

"To the actual Commandant of Paris, the Commander-in-Chief of the third corps d'armee.

"Head-quarters, Compiegne,

"21st March, 1871.

"The undersigned Commander-in-Chief takes the liberty of informing you that the German troops that occupy the forts on the north and east of Paris, as well as the neighbourhood of the right bank of the Seine, have received orders to maintain a pacific and friendly attitude, so long as the events of which the interior of Paris is the theatre, do not assume towards the German forces a hostile character, or such as to endanger them, but keep within the terms settled by the treaty of peace.

"But should these events assume a hostile character, the city of Paris will be treated as an enemy.

"For the Commandant of the third corps of the Imperial armies,

"(Signed) Chief of the Staff, VON SCHLOSHEIM,

"Major-General."

Paschal Grousset, the delegate of the Central Committee for Foreign Affairs, who had succeeded Monsieur Jules Favre, but who instead of minister was called delegate, which was much more democratic, replied as follows:—

"Paris, 22nd March, 1871.

"To the Commandant-in-Chief of the Imperial Prussian Armies.

"The undersigned, delegate of the Central Committee for Foreign Affairs, in reply to your despatch dated from Compiegne the 21st instant, informs you that the revolution, accomplished in Paris by the Central Committee, having an essentially municipal character, has no aggressive views whatever against the German armies.

"We have no authority to discuss the preliminaries of peace voted by the Assembly at Bordeaux.

"The member of the Central Committee, Delegate for Foreign Affairs.

"(Signed) PASCHAL GROUSSET."

It was very logical of you, Monsieur Grousset, to avow that you had no authority to discuss the preliminaries of peace voted by the Assembly. What right had you then to substitute yourselves for it? He did not, however, thus remain midway in his diplomatic career, for after the election of the Commune he thought it his duty to address the following letter to the German authorities:—

"COMMUNE OF PARIS.

"To the Commander-in-chief of the 3rd Corps.

"GENERAL,

"The delegate of the Commune of Paris for Foreign Affairs has the honour to address to you the following observations:—

"The city of Paris, like the rest of France, is interested in the observance of the conditions of peace concluded with Prussia; she has therefore a right to know how the treaty will be executed. I beg you, in consequence, to have the goodness to inform me if the Government of Versailles has made the first payment of five hundred millions, and if in consequence of such payment, the chiefs of the German army have fixed the date for the evacuation of the part of the territory of the department of the Seine, and also of the forts which form an integral portion of the territory of the Commune of Paris.

"I shall be much obliged, General, if you will be good enough to enlighten me in this respect.

"The Delegate for Foreign Affairs,

"(Signed) PASCHAL GROUSSET."

The German general did not think fit, as far as we know, to send any answer to the above.



IV. (Page 88.)

GAMBON.

There are certain legendary names which when spoken or remembered evoke a second image and raise a double personality, Castor implies Pollux; Ninos, Euryalus; Damon, Pythias. An inferior species of union connects Saint Anthony with his pig, Roland with his mare, and the infinitely more modern Gambon with his historic cow. He was "the village Hampden" of the Empire. By withstanding the tyranny of Caesar's tax-gatherer and refusing to pay the imperial rates, he obtained a popularity upon which he existed until the Commune gave him power. His history is brief. About a year before the fall of the Second Empire, he declared that he would pay no more taxes imposed by the Government. Thereupon, all his realizable property, consisting of one cow, was seized by the authorities and sold for the benefit of the State. This procured him the commiseration of the entire party of irreconciliables. A subscription was opened in the columns of the Marseillaise to replace the sequestrated animal, and "La vache a Gambon"—"Gambon's cow"—became a derisive party cry. Gambon had been a deputy in 1848, and when the Commune came into power took a constant though not remarkable part in its deliberations. He was appointed member of the Delegation of Justice on the twentieth of April.



V. (Page 120.).

LULLIER.

Charles Ernest Lullier was born in 1838, admitted into the Naval School in 1854, and appointed cadet of the second class in 1856. He was expelled the Naval School for want of obedience and for his irascible character. When on board the Austerlitz he was noted for his quarrelsome disposition and his violent behaviour to his superiors as well as his equals, which led to his removal from the ship and to his detention for a month on board the Admiral's ship at Brest. He was first brought into notoriety by his quarrel with Paul de Cassagnac, the editor of the Pays, whom he challenged, and who refused his cartel. Lullier is celebrated for several acts of the most violent audacity. He struck one of the Government counsel in the Palais de Justice, and openly threatened the Minister of Marine. He was condemned several times for political offences and breaches of discipline. On the fourth of September he left Sainte-Pelagie at the same time as Rochefort. He attacked the new government in every possible way; and when the events of the 18th March occurred, M. Lullier—the man of action, the man recommended by Flourens—seized the opportunity to justify the hopes formed of him by his political associates, who had not lost sight of him, and who elected him military chief of the insurrection. As General of the National Guard, he has given us the history of his deeds during the 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, and 22nd March. He has since complacently described the energy with which he executed his command, has explained the means he used, and the points occupied by the insurgents; and has described in the same style the occupation of the Paris forts by the National Guard.

When, on the 18th of March, the Central Committee offered him the command in chief of the National Guard, he would only accept it on the following conditions:—

1. The raising of the state of siege.

2. The election by the National Guard of all its officers, including the general.

3. Municipal franchises for Paris—that is to say, the right of the citizens to meet—to appoint magistrates for the city, and to tax themselves by their representatives.

On being appointed he made it a condition that the initiative should rest with him, and then he began to execute his duties with a zeal which never relaxed till his arrest on the 22nd March. By his orders, barricades were erected in the Rue de Rivoli, where he massed the insurgent forces. He ordered the occupation of the Hotel de Ville and the Napoleon Barracks by Brunel, the commander of the insurgents. At midnight he took possession of the Prefecture of Police, at one o'clock of the Tuileries, at two o'clock of the Place du Palais Royal, and at four o'clock he was informed that the Ministry were to meet at the Foreign Office.—"I would have surrounded them," he said, "but Jules Favre's presence withheld me. I contented myself therefore with occupying the Place Vendome, the Hotel de Ville, and ordering strategical points on the right bank of the river and four on the left."

He was subsequently accused of having sold Mont Valerien to the Versailles authorities, arrested, and thrown into the Conciergerie. He reappeared, however, on the 14th April as commander of the flotilla of the Commune. Furious with the Central Committee and the Commune he opposed them and was arrested, but contrived to escape from Mazas. From that moment the general of the Commune put himself in communication with Versailles through the mediation of M. Camus and Baron Dathiel de la Tuque, who agreed with him to organise a counter revolution. Lullier was now busily employed in endeavouring to make people forget the part he had taken in the insurrection of the 18th March. He had made it a condition that neither he nor his accomplices, Gomez d'Absin and Bisson, should be prosecuted. The expenses were calculated at 30,000 francs; of which M. Camus gave 2000 francs to Lullier, but the scheme did not succeed. Lullier undertook to have all the members of the Commune arrested, and to send the hostages to Versailles. Lullier is a man of courage, foolhardy even, who never hesitated to fight, and if at the end of the Commune he tried to serve the legitimate government, it was from a spirit of revenge against the men who had refused his dictation, and in his own interest.



VI. (Page 220.)

PROTOT.

Citizen Protot, appointed Delegate of Justice by a decree of the twentieth of April, 1871, was born in 1839.

As an advocate, he defended Megy, the famous Communist general of the fort of Issy, when he was accused of the assassination of a police agent on the eleventh of April, 1870. This trial, and the ability he displayed, drew public attention for a moment upon him. Compromised as a member of secret societies, he managed to escape the police, but was condemned in his absence to fines and imprisonment. Having been himself a victim of the law, his attention was first given to the drawing up of a decree, thus worded:—

"The notaries and public officers in general shall draw up legal documents which fall within their duty without charge."

In the discussion on the subject of the confiscation of the property of M. Thiers, he proposed that all the plate and other objects in his possession bearing the image of the Orleans family should be sent to the mint.



VII. (Page 229.)

"And now he thinks: 'The Empire is tottering, There's little chance of victory.' Then, creeping furtively backwards, he tries to slink away. Remain, renegade, in the building!

"'The ceiling falls,' you say! 'if they see me They will seize and stop me as I go,' Daring neither to rest nor fly, you miserably watch the roof And then the door,

"And shiveringly you put your hand upon the bolt. Back into the dismal ranks! Back! Justice, whom they have thrust into a pit, Is there in the darkness.

"Back! She is there, her sides bleeding from their knives, Prostrate; and on her grave They have placed a slab. The skirt of your cloak Is caught beneath the stone.

"Thou shalt not go! What! Quit their house! And fly from their fate! What! Would you betray even treachery itself, And make even it indignant?

"What! Did you not hold the ladder to these tricksters In open daylight? Say, was the sack for these robbers' booty Not made by you beforehand?

"Falsehood, Hate, with its cold and venomous fang, Crouch in this den. And thou wouldst leave it! Thou! more cunning than Falsehood, More viperous than Hate."



VIII. (Page 231.)

JOURDE.

Jourde certainly occupied one of the most difficult offices of the Commune, for he had to find the means to maintain the situation, but as the Ministry of Finances is burnt, no documents can be found to show the employment he made of the funds which passed through his hands. On the 30th of May, when he was arrested, disguised as an artizan, with his friend Dubois, he had about him a sum of 8070 francs in bank notes, and Dubois 3100 francs; making a total sum of 11,170 francs between the two. A part of Jourde's cash was hidden in the lining of his waistcoat; he declared that it was the only sum taken by him out of the moneys belonging to the state, thus clearly proving that he had been guilty of embezzlement.

The amounts declared to have been received by Jourde form a total of 43,891,000 francs, but as the expenses amount to 47,000,000 francs, it is clear there is a deficiency of 3,309,000. Notwithstanding this fact, all the payments were made up to the 29th of May. It is, then, certain that other moneys were received by Jourde, and as he says that cash has been refused from some unknown persons who offered to lend 50,000,000 francs on the guarantee of the picture gallery of the Louvre, the suggestion comes naturally to the mind that the 3,309,000 francs may have been produced by the sale of valuables in the Tuileries. Jourde was sentenced by the tribunal of Versailles to transportation beyond the seas.



IX. (Page 316.)

These are the last proclamations from the Hotel de Ville. They refer immediately to the burning of the capital.

In the evening of the thirty-first of May, when Delescluze denied with vehemence that the regular army had made its entry, he wrote to Dombrowski:—

"CITIZEN—I learn that the orders given for the construction of barricades are contradictory.

"See that this be not repeated.

"Blow up or burn the houses which interfere with your plans for the defence. The barricades ought to be unattackable from the houses.

"The defenders of the Commune must be removed above want: give to the necessitous that which is contained in the houses about to be destroyed.

"Moreover, make all necessary requisitions,

"DELESCLUZE, A. BILLICRAY."

"Paris, 2nd Prairial, an 79."

On the 22nd appeared the following proclamation:—

"CITIZENS,—The gate of Saint-Cloud, attacked from four directions at once, was forcibly taken by the Versaillais, who have become masters of a considerable portion of Paris.

"This reverse, far from discouraging us, should prove a stimulus to our exertions. A people who have dethroned kings, destroyed Bastilles, and established a Republic, can not lose in a day the fruits of the emancipation of the 18th of March.

"Parisians, the struggle we have commenced cannot be abandoned, for it is a struggle between the past and the future, between liberty and despotism, equality and monopoly, fraternity and servitude, the unity of nations and the egotism of oppressors.

"AUX ARMES!

"Yes,—to arms! Let Paris bristle with barricades, and from behind these improvised ramparts let her shout to her enemies the cry of war, its cry of fierce pride of defiance, and of victory; for Paris with her barricades is invincible.

"Let the pavement of the streets be torn up; firstly, because the projectiles coming from the enemy are less dangerous falling on soft ground; secondly, because these paving-stones, serving as a new means of defence, can be carried to the higher floors where there are balconies.

"Let revolutionary Paris, the Paris of great deeds, do her duty; the Commune and the Committee for Public Safety will do theirs.

"Hotel de Ville, 2nd Prairial, an 79,

"The Committee for Public Safety,

"ANTOINE ARNAULT, E. EUDES, F. GAMBON, G. RANVIER."

These are the commentaries made by Citizen Delescluze:—

"Citoyen Jacquet is authorised to find men and materials for the construction of barricades in the Rue du Chateau d'Eau and in the Rue d'Albany.

"The citoyens and citoyennes who refuse their aid will be shot on the spot.

"The citoyens, chiefs of barricades, are entrusted with the care of assuring tranquillity each in his own quarter.

"They are to inspect all houses bearing a suspicious appearance &c., &c.

"The houses suspected are to be set light to at the first signal given.

"DELESCLUZE."



X. (Page 335.)

FERRE.

At half-past nine on the morning of the 18th of March Ferre was at No. 6, Rue des Rosiers, opposing the departure of the prisoners of the Republican Guard, by obtaining from the Commander Bardelle the revocation of the order for their dismissal, which was known to have been issued. He went to the council of the Chateau Rouge, whither General Lecomte was about to be taken, and made himself conspicuous by the persistency with which he called for the death of that general. On the morning of Monday, the 24th May, a witness residing at the Prefecture of Police saw Ferre and five others going up the stairs of the Prefecture of Police. Ferre said to him, "Be off as quick as you can. We are going to set fire to the place. In a quarter of an hour it will be in flames." Half an hear afterwards the witness saw the flames burst forth from two windows of the office of the Procureur-General. When Raoul Rigault was installed during the insurrection, a woman saw some persons washing the walls of the Prefecture of Police with petroleum. Seeing them going out by the court of the St. Chapelle, she noticed among them one smaller than the rest, wearing a grey paletot with a black velvet collar, and black striped trousers. On the same day a police agent went to La Roquette to order the shooting of Mgr. Darboy and the other prisoners—the President Bonjean, the Abbe Allard, the Pere Ducoudray, and the Abbe Deguerry. On Saturday, the 27th, Ferre installed himself in the clerk's office of the prison, and ordered the release of certain of the criminals and gave them arms and ammunition. Upon this they proceeded to massacre a great number of the prisoners, among whom were 66 gendarmes. Several witnesses saw Ferre that day at the prison.



XI. (Page 342.)

At the trial of Ferre, August 10, Dr. Puymoyen, physician to the prison for juvenile offenders, opposite La Roquette, gave the following graphic evidence:—

"Immediately after the insurgents, driven back by the troops, had occupied La Roquette, they installed a court-martial at the children's prison opposite, where I live. It was from thence I saw the poor wretches whom they feigned to release, ushered in to the square, where they encountered an ignoble mob, that ill-treated them in the most brutal manner. I was told that Ferre presided over this court-martial. Its proceedings were singular. I saw an unfortunate gendarme taken to the prison; he had been arrested near the Grenier d'Abondance, on a denunciation. He wore a blouse, blue trousers, and an apron, and was charged with having stolen them. The mob wanted to enter the prison along with him, but the keepers, who behaved very well, prevented the invasion of the courtyard. The escort was commanded by a young woman carrying a Chassepot, and wearing a chignon. I entered the registrar's office with this unfortunate gendarme. One Briand, who was charged to question the prisoners summarily, asked him where his clothes came from. The man was very cool and courageous, and his perfect self-possession disconcerted this juge d'instruction. He was asked if he were married, and had a family. He replied, 'Yes, I have a wife and eight children.' He was then shown into the back office, where the 'judges' were. These judges were mere boys, who seemed quite proud of the part they were playing, and gave themselves no end of airs, I asked the governor of the gaol soon afterwards what had been done with the gendarme. He told me that they were going to shoot him. I replied, 'Surely it can't be true. I must see the president—we can't allow a married man with eight children to be murdered in this way.' I tried to get into the room where the court-martial was sitting, but was prevented. One of the National Guards on duty at the door told me 'Don't go in there, or you're done for (N'y entrez pas, ou vous etes f—).' I made immediately further inquiries about M. Grudnemel, and was told he was in 'a provisional cell.' I trembled for him, for I knew that meant he would be given up to the mob, which would tear him to pieces. When they said, 'This man is to be taken to a cell,' that meant that he was to be shot. When they said, 'Put him in a provisional cell,' it meant that he should be delivered over to the mob for butchery, I continued to plead the gendarme's cause with the National Guard, dwelling on the fact of his having eight children. Thereon, the Woman above referred to, who appeared to be in command of the detachment, exclaimed, 'Why does this fellow go in for the gendarme?' One of her acolytes replied, 'Smash his jaw.' This woman seemed to understand her business. She minutely inspected the men's pouches to ascertain that they had plenty of ammunition. She would not hear of the gendarme being reprieved, and she had her way. I understood that I had better follow the governor's advice and keep quiet. A mere boy was placed as sentry at the door of the court-martial. He told me, 'You know I sha'n't let you in.' When I saw the poor gendarme leave the room he looked at me imploringly; he had probably detected in my eyes a look of sympathy. And when he was told that he might go out—hearing the yells of the mob—he turned towards me and said, 'But I shall be stoned to death;' and, in fact, it was perfectly fearful to hear the shouts of the crowd outside. I could not withstand the impulse, and I took my place by his side, and tried to address the crowd. 'Think on what you are going to do—surely you won't murder the father of eight children.' The words were hardly out of my mouth when a kind of signal was given. I was shoved back against the wall, and one National Guard, clapping his hand on his musket, ejaculated, 'You know, you old rascal, there is something for you here,' and he drove his bayonet through my whiskers. The unfortunate gendarme was taken across the place, close to the shop where they sell funeral wreaths, but there was no firing party in attendance. He then took to his heels, but was pursued, captured, and put to death. I began to feel rather bewildered, and some one urged me to return to the prison, which I did. A young linesman was then brought in. He was quite a young fellow, barely twenty; his hands were tied behind his back. They decided to kill him within the prison. They set upon him, beat him, tore his clothes, so that he had hardly a shred of covering left; they made him kneel, then made him stand up, blindfolded him then uncovered his eyes; finally they put an end to his long agony by shooting him, and flung the body into a costermonger's cart close to the gate. Several priests had got out of the prison of La Roquette. The Abbe Surat, on passing over a barricade, was so imprudent as to state who he was, and showed some articles of value he had about him. He had got as far as about the middle of the Boulevard du Prince Eugene, when he was arrested and taken back to the prison, where they prepared to shoot him. But the young woman whom I have before mentioned, with a revolver in one hand and a dagger in the other, rushed at him exclaiming, 'I must have the honour of giving him the first blow.' The abbe instinctively put his hands out to protect himself, crying, 'Grace! grace!' Whereon this fury shouted, 'Grace! grace! en voila un maigre,' and she discharged her revolver at him. His body was not searched, but his shoes were removed. Afterwards his pastoral cross and 300 francs were found about him. The boys detained in the prison were set at liberty. The smaller ones were made to carry pails of petroleum, the others had muskets given them, and were sent to fight. Six of them were killed; the remainder came back that night, and on the following day. About a hundred boys were taken to Belleville by a member of the Commune, quite a young man; they were wanted to make sand-bags, to be filled with earth to form barricades."



XII. (Page 345.)

Regarding the death of President Bonjean, the Abbe de Marsay said—"That gentleman carried his scruples so far that he would not avail himself of forty-eight hours' leave on parole, fearing he could not get back in time; thus did not see his family."

The Abbe Perni, a venerable man with a white beard, who had been a missionary said:

"On Wednesday, the 24th of May, we were ordered back to our cells at La Roquette at an earlier hour than usual, and at about four o'clock in the afternoon a battalion of federates noisily occupied the passage into which our cells opened. They spoke at the topmost pitch of their voices. One of them said, 'We must get rid of these Versailles banditti.' Another replied, 'Yes; let us bowl them over, put them to bed.' I understood what this meant, and prepared for death. Soon after the door next mine was opened, and I heard a man asking if M. Darboy was there. The prisoner replied in the negative. The man passed before my door without stopping, and I soon heard the mild voice of the archbishop answering to his name. The hostages were then dragged put of the lobby; ten minutes later I saw the mournful cortege pass in front of my windows; the federates were walking along in a confused way, making a noise to cover the voice of their victims, but I could hear Father Allard exhorting his companions to prepare for death. A little after I heard the report of the muskets, and understood that all was over. On Thursday (the 25th) the day passed off quietly, but on Friday shells began to fall on the prison, and at about half-past four in the afternoon a corporal, named Romain. came up, and with a joyful face told us we would soon be free. He said answer to your names; I must have 15. He had a list in his hand, and I must confess a feeling of terror came over us all. Ten hostages answered to their names. One of them, a father of the order of Picpus, asked if he could take his hat. Romain replied, 'Oh, it's no use; you are only going to the registrar's.' None of these unfortunate men ever returned. On Saturday (the 27th) we learnt that several of the prisoners had been armed with hammers, files, &c. They threw us some of these in at the windows. We were then informed that several members of the Commune had arrived at La Roquette. I cannot say whether Ferre was among them. We were taken back to our cellars, where we expected to be put to death every minute. At about four o'clock the cells of the common prisoners were opened, and they escaped, shouting 'Vive la Commune!' Our keeper himself had disappeared, and a turnkey presently opened our cells, and recommended us to run away. We were afraid this was a trap, but as it might afford a chance we determined to avail ourselves of it. Those amongst us who had plain clothes hurried them on, and I must say the gaolers behaved admirably in this emergency; they lent clothes to such of us as had none, and we were thus all enabled to escape. As for myself, after wandering for about an hour in the streets about the prison, and being unable to find shelter anywhere, and afraid of being murdered in the streets, I determined to return to La Roquette. As I reached it I met the archbishop's secretary, two priests, and two gendarmes, who, like myself, had been driven to return to the prison. One of the keepers told us that the safest for us was the sick ward. We dressed up in the hospital uniform and hid in bed. At eight in the evening the federates, who were not aware that we had escaped, came back and called on the gaolers to produce us. They were told we had gone; fortunately they believed it. On Sunday the troops came in, and I left La Roquette for good this time. In reply to a further question the witness said that as the hostages marched past his windows, on their way to execution, he saw President Bonjean raising his hands, and heard him say, 'Mon Dieu, mon Dieu!'"



XIII. (Page 82.)

URBAIN.

Urbain, formerly head master of an academy, was elected to the Commune, and became, in virtue of his former office of teacher, a member of the Committee of Instruction, retaining at the same time his office of mayor. He finally installed himself in his mayoralty about the middle of April, with his sister and young son, and gave protection there to his mistress, Leroy, who had great influence over him, and who used to frequent the committees and clubs. At the mayoralty of the 7th Arrondissement this woman, in the absence of the mayor, took the direction and management of affairs. During the administration of Urbain searches were made in private and in religious houses, this woman, Leroy, sometimes taking part in the proceedings; on these occasions seizures were made of letters and articles of value, which were sent to the mayoralty and from thence to the police-office. Urbain and the woman Leroy are accused of having appropriated to themselves money and jewellery. At the mayoralty of the 7th Arrondissement there were deposits for public instruction to the amount of 8000 francs, which had dwindled down to 2900 francs. Urbain confesses having employed this money in helping persons compromised like himself. It is certain that during the residence of the woman Leroy at the mayoralty the expenses exceeded the sum allowed to Urbain. According to the evidence of a domestic everybody tad recourse to this unfortunate deposit, and it is stated in the instructions that the accused had left by will to his son a sum of 4000 francs in bank notes and gold, deposited in the hands of his aunt, Madame Danelair, while there is clear proof that before the days of the Commune he did not possess a sou. Madame Leroy herself, who came to the mayoralty without a penny, was found in possession of 1000 francs, which she said were the results of her savings. It appears from the statement of M. Laudon, inspector of police, that the search made at his house resulted in the subtraction of a sum of 6000 francs, and that he has seen a ring which belonged to his wife on the finger of the woman Leroy. Though not taking a conspicuous share in the military operations, Urbain played an important part. His duty was to visit the military stations and to take possession of the Fort d'Issy, which had been abandoned. He admits that he thus visited the barracks and the ramparts. He ordered the construction of barricades, and says that, on the occasion of the repulse of the 22nd May, he resisted the entreaties of the woman Leroy, who wished him to give up the struggle and to betake himself to the Hotel de Ville, with the view of remaining at his post. As a politician, Urbain, in the discussions of the Commune, was very zealous and spoke frequently. By his vote he gave his sanction to all the violent decrees relating to the hostages, the demolition of the Column, the destruction of M. Thiers' house, and the Committee of Public Safety, of which he was one of the most ardent supporters. To him is to be attributed in particular the demand for the carrying into execution the decree relating to the hostages. On this point here is Urbain's proposal, copied from the Official Journal of the 18th May:—"I demand that either the Commune or the Committee of Public Safety should decree that the ten hostages in our custody should be shot within twenty-four hours, in retaliation for the murders of our cantiniere and of the bearer of our flag of truce, who were shot in defiance of the law of nations. I demand that five of the hostages should be executed solemnly in the centre of Paris, in presence of deputations from all the battalions, and that the rest should be shot at the advanced posts in presence of the soldiers who witnessed the murders. I trust my proposal will be agreed to." By this proposal Urbain has linked his name to the horrible crime committed on the hostages. Latterly he was a member of the military committee, and his ability served well the cause of the insurgents. He was condemned by the court-martial of Versailles to hard labour for life, September 2, 1871.



XIV.

THE DEVASTATIONS OF PARIS.

The following is the way in which the fires were prepared:—In some instances a number of men, acting as avant-courriers, went first, telling the inhabitants that the Quarter was about to be delivered to the flames, and urging them to fly for their lives; in other oases, the unfortunate people were told that the whole city would be burnt, and that they might as well meet death where they were as run to seek it elsewhere. In some places—in the Rue de Vaugirard, for instance—it is asserted that sentinels were placed in the streets and ordered to fire upon everyone who attempted to escape. One incendiary, who was arrested in the Rue de Poitiers, declared that he received ten francs for each house which he set on fire. Another system consisted in throwing through the cellar doors or traps tin cans or bottles filled with petroleum, phosphorus, nitro-glycerine, or other combustibles, with a long sulphur match attached to the neck of the vessel, the match being lighted at the moment of throwing the explosives into the cellar. Finally, the batteries at Belleville and the cemetery of Pere la Chaise sent destruction into many quarters by means of petroleum shells.

Eudes, a general of the Commune, sent the following order to one of his officers:—

"Fire on the Bourse, the Bank, the Post Office, the Place des Victoires, the Place Vendome, the Garden of the Tuileries, the Babylone Barracks; leave the Hotel de Ville to Commandant Pindy and the Delegate of War, and the Committee of Public Safety and of the Commune will assemble at the mairie of the eleventh Arrondissement, where you are established; there we will organize the defence of the popular quarters of the city. We will send you cannon and ammunitions from the Parc Basfroi. We will hold out to the last, happen what may.

"(Signed) E. EUDES."

The insurgents had collected a considerable quantity of powder in the Pantheon, and when the Versailles troops obtained possession of the building the officer in command at once searched for the slow match, and cut it off when it had not more than a yard to burn!

Instructions were given to the firemen not to extinguish the fires, but to retire to the Champ de Mars with the pumps and other apparatus. Whenever a man attempted to do anything to arrest the conflagration he was fired at. The firemen, who had arrived from all parts, even from Belgium, and honest citizens who joined them, worked to extinguish the fires amid showers of bullets. At the Treasury the labours of these men were four times interrupted by the violent cannonading of the insurgents.

The fire broke out at the TUILERIES on Tuesday evening. When the battalions at the Arc de Triomphe and at the Corps Legislatif had silenced the guns ranged before the Palace, the insurgents set fire to it, and threw out men en tirailleur to prevent anyone from approaching to subdue the flames.

At the same moment an attempt was made to set fire to the MINISTRY OF MARINE, in obedience to an order given to Commandant Brunel, which was thus worded:—"In a quarter of an hour the Tuileries will be in flames; as soon as our wounded are removed, you will cause the explosion of the Ministry." It was Admiral Pothuau, the minister himself, who, at the head of a handful of sailors, set the incendiaries to flight, Brunel along with them. They also arrived in time to prevent any damage being done to the BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE.

The struggle was terrific during the night; the insurgents, who had sought refuge in the Ministry of Finance, after the taking of the barricade in the Rue Saint-Florentin, increased the fury of the flames by firing from the windows, and discharging jets of petroleum at the soldiers.

On Wednesday morning the battle had become fearful. Towards ten o'clock columns of smoke rose above Paris, forming a thick cloud, which the sun's rays could not penetrate. Then, simultaneously, all the fires burst forth: at the CONSEIL D'ETAT, at the LEGION OF HONOUR, at the CAISSE DES DEPOTS ET CONSIGNATIONS. at the HOTEL DE VILLE, at the PALAIS ROYAL, at the MINISTRY OF FINANCE, at the PREFECTURE DE POLICE, at the PALAIS DE JUSTICE, at the THEATRE LYRIQUE, in the Rue du Bac, the Rue de Lille, the Rue de la Croix-Rouge, Rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs, in a great number of houses in the Faubourgs Saint-Germain and Saint-Honore, in the Rue Royale, and in the Rue Boissy d'Anglas. Not many hours later, flames were seen to arise from the Avenue Victoria, Boulevard Sebastopol, Rue Saint-Martin, at the Chateau d'Eau, in the Rue Saint-Antoine, and the Rue de Rivoli.

During the night of Friday, the docks of LA VILLETTE, and the warehouses of the DOUANE, the GRENIER D'ABONDANCE and the GOBELINS were all burning! So great was the glare that small print could be read as far off as Versailles, even on that side of the town towards Meudon and Ville d'Avray.

THE DOME OF THE INVALIDES.—This was placed in imminent danger. Mines were laid on all sides, but their positions were discovered, and the electric wires out which were to have communicated the spark.

THE PLACE DE LA CONCORDE.—When the noise of the fusillade and cannonading ceased, the Place de la Concorde was a scene of absolute desolation. On all sides lay broken pieces of candelabra, balustrades, paving-stones, asphalte, and heaps of earth. The water-nymphs and Tritons of the fountains were much mutilated, and the statue of the town of Lille—one of the eight gigantic, seated figures of the principal towns of France, which form a prominent ornament to the Place, the work of Pradier, and a likeness of one of the Orleans princesses-lay shivered on the ground.

THE ARC DE L'ETOILE.—The triumphal arch bears many scars, but none of them of much importance. On the facade looking towards Courbevoie, the great bas-relief by Etex, representing "War," was struck by three shells; the group of "Peace" received only the fragment of one. Here and there, in the bas-relief representing the "Passage of the Bridge of Areole," and the "Taking of Alexandra," some traces of balls are visible. On the whole, no irremediable hum is done here. Rude's masterpiece, "The Marseillaise," is untouched.

THE PALACE OF INDUSTRY.—Rumour says Courbet had, among other projects, formed an idea of demolishing the Palace of Industry. The painted windows of the great nave have received no serious injury. The bas-relief of the main facade, picturing Industry and the Arts offering their products to the universal exhibitions, has several of its figures mutilated. The same has happened to the colossal group by Diebolt—France offering laurel crowns to Art and Industry.

THE TUILERIES.—Felix Pyat, in the Vengeur, proposed converting the Palace of the Tuileries into a school for the children of soldiers. He says:—"They have taken possession by the work and activity that reign there; a whole floor is filled with tools and activity, and converted into workshops for the construction of messenger balloons. King Labour is enthroned there. I recognised there among the workmen an exile of the revolutionary Commune of London. The workmen and the proscribed at the Tuileries! From the prison of London to the palace of the Tuileries. It is well!" But in the heart of the Commune the soul of the Vengeur underwent a change, and insisted on the complete destruction of the "infamous pile."

The portion of the building overlooking the river was alone preserved. The roofing is destroyed, but the facade is but little injured, the only work of art damaged here being a pediment by M. Carrier-Belleuse, representing "Agriculture." Fortunately the Government of the Fourth of September had sent all the most precious things to the Garde-Meuble (Stores); but how can the magnificent Gobelins tapestry, the fine ceilings, the works of Charles Lebrun, of Pierre Mignard, of Coypel, of Francisque Meillet, of Coysevox, of Girardon, and of many others, and the exquisite Salon des Roses be replaced?

The Tuileries burnt for three days, and ten days afterwards the ruins blazed forth anew near the Pavillon de Flore. Not only did the devouring fire threaten to destroy inestimable treasures, but on Monday a number of men carrying slow matches, and led by a man named Napias-Piquet, made all their preparations to set fire to several points of the museum of the Louvre, and two of the guardians were shot. This Napias-Piquet threatened to make of the whole quarter of the Louvre one great conflagration. He was taken and shot, and in his pocket was found a note of his breakfast of the preceding day, amounting to 57 francs 80 centimes.

THE LOUVRE.—The preservation of the museum was due to the strong masonry, and the thick walls of the new portion of the building, on which the raging flames could make no impression. But it ran other risks: when the troops entered the building, they planted the tricolour on the clock pavilion, which served as an object for the insurgents' aim. It was immediately removed, however, when this was perceived. It was generally believed that the galleries of the Louvre contained all their art treasures. This was not the case; prior to the first siege the most precious of the contents had been carefully packed and conveyed to the arsenal of Brest, where they safely reposed, but many very admirable works remained.

MINISTRY OF FINANCE (Treasury).—On the 22nd of May, the official journal of the Commune published a note declaring that the certificates of stock and the stock books (grand livre) would be burnt within forty-eight hours. The Commune was annoyed at the publicity given to this note, and a violent debate took place in its council in consequence. On this occasion Paschal Grousset uttered the following:—

"I blame those who inserted the note in question, but I demand that measures may be taken for the destruction of all such documents belonging to those at Versailles, the day that they shall enter Paris."



The building forms one of the most striking ruins in Paris. Citizen Lucas, appointed by Ferre to set the Ministry on fire, did his task well. The conflagration, which lasted several days, began in the night of the 23rd of May. Not only was every part soaked with petroleum, but shells had also been placed about the building, and burst successively as the fire extended. Scarcely anything remains of the huge pile but the offices of the Administration of Forest Lands, which are almost intact. A considerable number of valuable documents were saved, but the quantity was very small in comparison with the immense collection accumulated since the beginning of the century. Four times was the work of salvage interrupted by the insurgents. Not a single book in the library has escaped; and this library contained almost the whole of the enormous correspondence of Colbert, the minister, forming no less than two thousand volumes.



The PALAIS ROYAL.—The palace itself alone is destroyed; the galleries of the THEATRE FRANCAIS are preserved. The Constitutionnel published the following account of the conflagration;—

"It was at three o'clock that this fearful fire burst forth. A shopkeeper of the PALAIS ROYAL, M. Emile Le Sache, came forward in all haste to offer his services. A Communist captain, or lieutenant, threatened to fire on him if he did not retire on the instant; he added that the whole quarter was going to be blown up and burned. In the teeth of this threat, however, two fire-engines were brought to the Place, and were worked by the people of the neighbourhood. It was four o'clock. No water in the Cour des Fontaines. But some was procured by a line of people being placed along the passage leading from the Cour d'Honneur, who passed full buckets of water from hand to hand.

"A ladder was placed against the wall for the purpose of reaching the terrace of the Rue de Valois. The insurgents proved so true to their word that the people were forced to renounce the attempt at saving the entire pavilion. Fire and smoke burst forth from three windows just above the terrace. In the midst of the balls showered from the barricade at the corner of the Rue de Rivoli, they succeeded in extinguishing the fire on that side. At five o'clock M. O. Sauve, captain in the commercial service, with a handful of brave workmen, got a fire engine into the Cour d'Honneur, and thus saved a great quantity of pictures, precious marbles, furniture, hangings, etc. Here another line of people was formed for the carrying of buckets, but unfortunately water ran short: the pipes had been cut, the wretches had planned that the destruction should be complete. At seven o'clock M. Bessignet, jun., hastened there with four Paris firemen, but already the Pavilion, where the flames were first apparent, was entirely consumed.

"On the arrival of the firemen they used every effort to prevent the fire communicating itself to the apartments of the Princess Clothilde; it had already reached the facade on the side of the Place. Here, too, all the fittings and ornaments of the chapel were saved.

"At last, at seven o'clock, the soldiers of the line arrive. 'Long live the line!' is shouted on all sides. 'Long live France!' Signals are made with the ambulance flags. Help is come at last!

"Those present now regard their position with more coolness, and use every effort to combat the fire, pumping from the roofs and upper storeys of the neighbouring houses. The fire continues, however, increasing and spreading on the theatre side. Here is the greatest danger. If the theatre catch light, all the quarter will most probably be destroyed. They then determine to avail themselves of the water appliances of the theatre to stay the progress of the flames. This is. rendered more difficult and dangerous by the continuous firing from the Communists installed in the upper story of the Hotel du Louvre. M. Le Sache mounts on the roofs, with the principal engineer, to conduct this movement. They are compelled to hide out of the way of the shower of balls coming from the Communists.

"At ten o'clock the companies from the quarter of the Banque, the 12th battalion of National Guards, arrive. The Federals are put to flight. Thereupon thirty sapeurs-pompiers of Paris came at full speed and succeed in mastering the remaining fire. An hour sooner and all could have been saved."



THE HOTEL DE VILLE.—The Hotel de Ville was set on fire by order of the Committee of Public Safety at the moment when the entry of the troops caused them to fly to the Ecole des Chartes, which was thus saved, and whence they fled to the Mairie of Belleville. Five battalions of National Guards—the 57th, 156th, 178th, 184th, and the 187th—remained to prevent any attempt being made to extinguish the fire. Petroleum had been poured about the Salle du Trone, and the Salle du Zodiaque, which were decorated by Jean Goujon and Cogniet; in the Galerie de Pierre, in which were paintings by Lecomte, Baudin, Desgoffes, Hedouin, and Bellel; in the Salon des Arcades, in the Salon Napoleon, in the Galerie des Fetes, and in the Salon de la Paix, which contained works of Schopin, Picot, Vanchelet, Jadin, Girard, Ingres, Delacroix, Landelle, Riesener, Lehmann, Gosse, Benouville and Cabanel. It is not only as a fine specimen of architecture that the Hotel de Ville is to be regretted, but as the cradle of the municipal and revolutionary history of Paris, as well as for the vast collection of archives of the city, duplicates of which were at the same moment a prey to the flames at the Palais de Justice.



THE PREFECTURE OF POLICE was set fire to by the Communal delegate Ferre and a band of drunken National Guards.

THE PALAIS DE JUSTICE, thanks to the prompt arrival of the soldiers, has been partially spared. The damage done, however, is very great. In the SALLE DES PAS-PERDUS several of the grand arches that support the roof have fallen in, and many of the columns are lying in ruins on the pavement. The Cour de Cassation and the Cour d'Assises are entirely destroyed. The conflagration was stopped, when it reached the Cour d'Appel and the Tribunal de Premiere Instance.

PALACE OF THE QUAI D'ORSAY.—This vast building, in which the Conseil d'Etat and the Cour des Comptes held their sittings, has suffered seriously, though the walls are not destroyed; but what is irreparable is the loss of the many precious documents belonging to the financial and legislative history of France. The most famous artists of our time have contributed to the decoration of the interior. Jeanron painted the twelve allegorical subjects for the vaulted ceiling of the Salle des Pas-Perdus; Isabey, the Port of Marseilles in the Committee-room. The Death of President de Renty, in the Salle du Contentieux, was by Paul Delaroche; the fine portrait of Napoleon I., as legislator, in the great Council Chamber, by Flandrin; and in another apartment the portrait of Justinien by Delacroix. These, and many other treasures, are lost; for the work of destruction was complete.

MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS.—The facade has been seriously injured. It was fired upon from the terrace of the Tuileries, and from a gunboat lying under cover of the Pont-Royal. The Doric and Ionic columns are partly broken, as well as the fifteen medallions in white marble, which bore the arms of the principal powers. The apartments in front have been greatly damaged, and especially the salon of the ambassadors, where the Congress of Paris was held in 1856.

THE PALACE OF THE LEGION OF HONOUR.—This is a specimen of French architecture, unique of its kind. Happily, drawings and plans have been preserved, and the members of the Legion of Honour have offered a subscription for its re-instatement.

THE GOBELINS.—The public gallery, the school of tapestry, and the painters' studios have been destroyed. The incendiaries would have burned all, works, frames and materials, if the people of the quarter, with the Gobelins weavers, had not defended them at the peril of their lives. An irreparable loss is that of a valuable collection of tapestry dating from the time of Louis XIV.

The military hospital of the VAL DE GRACE, the ASYLUM FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB, the MINT, the facade of the annex of the ECOLE-DES-BEAUX-ARTS, have been riddled with balls. At the LUXEMBOURG the magnificent camellia-house and conservatories exist no longer, and the graceful Medici fountain has been injured.

THE BANK had most fortunately been placed in charge of the delegate Beslay, who, during the whole time he was there, made every effort to prevent the pillage of the valuables. He was ably seconded by all the officials and employes, who had before been armed and incorporated into a battalion.



POST OFFICE.—The Communal delegate, Theiz, prevented the incendiaries from setting fire to this important establishment. THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF THE PORTE-ST-DENIS.—The bas-relief containing an emblematical figure of the Rhine resting on a rudder has been mutilated, a shell having carried the arm and its support entirely away. The other bas-relief of Holland vanquished and in tears, has been struck by balls, as have also the figures of Fame in the tympans of the arcades.

THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF THE PORTE-ST-MARTIN.—The sculptures, which represent the taking of Limbourg and the defeat of the Germans, have suffered considerably. They are the works of Le Hongre and the elder Legros.

A tragic incident marked the burning of the THEATRE OF THE PORTE ST. MARTIN (see sketch). After laving massacred the proprietor and people of the restaurant Ronceray, the Federals set fire to the house and the theatre which is adjoining. At eight o'clock in the evening, on beholding the first flames arise, the inhabitants of the quarter united in endeavouring to extinguish the fire, notwithstanding that the projectiles fell thickly in the Boulevard Saint-Martin and in the Rue de Bondy. The Federals from behind their barricades at the corner of the Rue Bouchardon, fired upon everyone who attempted to enter the theatre.

The ARCHIVES (Record Office), the IMPRIMERIE NATIONALE, and the BIBLIOTHEQUE MAZARINE were all preserved through the strenuous endeavours of MM. Alfred Maury, Haureau, and Charles Asselineau, who had all managed to keep their places in spite of the Commune.

At the DOCKS OF LA VILLETTE, and at the warehouses of the DOUANE, the destruction of property has been enormous. Many millions' worth of goods were consumed there.

In the great buildings belonging to the MAGASINS REUNIS (Cooperative Stores) an ambulance had been established, and this was in the utmost danger during two days. It was only owing to the wonderful energy of M. Jahyer that the fire was mastered while the poor wounded men were transported to a place of safety.

THE CHURCHES.

NOTRE-DAME.—In the interior of Notre-Dame the insurgents set fire to three huge piles of chairs and wood-work. Fortunately the fact was discovered before much mischief had happened.

THE SAINTE-CHAPELLE.—This incomparable gem of Gothic art, by some marvellous good fortune was neither touched by fire nor shells. It will still be an object for the pilgrimages of the erudite and the curious.

THE MADELEINE.—The balls have somewhat damaged the double colonnade of the peristyle, but the sculptured pediment by Lemaire is all but untouched.

THE TRINITE.—The facade has been seriously injured. The Federals, from their barricades at the entrance of the Chaussee-d'Antin, bombarded it for several hours. The painted windows by Ondinot had been removed before the siege—like those of the ancient Cathedral of St. Denis, and the Chapel of St. Ferdinand, by Ingres, they repose in safety.

Of all the churches of Paris ST. EUSTACHE has suffered the most. At one time the fire had reached the roof, but it was fortunately discovered in time.

The paintings at NOTRE-DAME-DE-LORETTE, at SAINT-GERMAIN-L'AUXERROIS, and at SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES have been spared.

It is curious that the churches suffered so little, whilst several theatres were burned, including the Porte St. Martin, Theatre du Chatelet, Lyrique, Delassements Comiques, etc.

The windows of the church of SAINT-JACQUES-DU-HAUT-PAS are destroyed.

It has been estimated that the value of the houses and other property destroyed in Paris amounts to twenty millions sterling. In addition to this, it is said that twelve millions' worth of works of art, furniture, &c., have disappeared, and that more than two and a half millions' worth of merchandise was burnt, making a total of nearly thirty-five millions. It has been said that the value of the window-glass alone destroyed during the reign of the Commune approaches a million sterling. The demand for glass was at one time so great that the supply was quite insufficient, and at the present moment the price is 20 per cent. higher than usual.



XV.

The following order of the day of General de Ladmirault, commanding the first army corps of Versailles, sums up the principal episodes of this eight days battle:—

"Officers and soldiers of the First Corps d'Armee,—

The defences of the lines of Neuilly, Courbevoie, Becon and Asnieres served you by way of apprenticeship. Your energy and courage were formed amid the greatest works and perils. Every one in his grade has given an example of the most complete abnegation and devotion. Artillery, engineers, troops of the line, cavalry, volunteers of the Seine-et-Oise, you rivalled each other in zeal and ardour. Thus prepared, on the 22nd of the month you attacked the insurgents, whose guilty designs and criminal undertakings you knew and despised. You devoted yourselves nobly to save from destruction the monuments of our old national glory, as well as the property of the citizens menaced by savage rage.

On the 23rd of the month, the formidable position of the Buttes Montmartre could no longer resist your efforts, in spite of all the forces with which they were covered.

This task was confided to the first and second division and the volunteers of the Seine and Seine-et-Oise, and the heads of the various columns arrived simultaneously at the summit of the position.

On the 24th, the third division, which alone had been charged with the task of driving the insurgents out of Neuilly, Levallois-Perret, and Saint-Ouen, joined the other divisions, and took possession of the terminus of the Eastern Railway, while the first division seized that of the Northern line by force of arms.

On the 26th, the third division occupied the rotonde—circular place —of La Villette.

On the 27th, the first and second division, with the volunteers of the Seine-et-Oise, by means of a combined movement, took the Buttes Chaumont and the heights of Belleville by assault, the artillery having by its able firing prepared the way for the occupation.

Finally, on the 28th, the defences of Belleville yielded, and the first corps achieved brilliantly the task which had been confided to them.

During the days of the struggle and fighting you rendered the greatest service to civilization, and have acquired a claim to the gratitude of the country. Accept then all the praise which is due to you.

Paris, 29th May, 1871.

The General commanding the First Corps d'Armee,

(Signed) "LADMIRAULT."

During the day of the 28th of Kay Marshal MacMahon caused the following proclamation to be posted in the streets of Paris:—

"Inhabitants of Paris,—

The army of France is come to save you. Paris is relieved. The last positions of the insurgents were taken by our soldiers at four o'clock. Today the struggle is at an end; order, labour, and security are springing up again.

Paris, Quartier General, the 28th May, 1871.

(Signed) "MACMAHON, Due de Magenta, Marshal of France, Commander-in-Chief."

On the 28th of May the war of the Communists was at an end, but the fort of Vincennes was still occupied by three hundred National Guards, with eighteen of their superior officers and fifteen of the high functionaries of the Commune; They made an appeal to the commander of the Prussian forces in front of the fort, in the hope of obtaining passports for Switzerland. General Vinoy, hearing of this, took at once the most energetic measures, and at six o'clock on the 29th of May the last defenders of Vincennes surrendered at discretion.



XVI

The amount of the extraordinary expenses of the Versailles was, at the rate of three millions of francs a day, 216 millions from the 18th March to the 28th May. The list of artillery implements removed from the arsenals of Douai, Lyon, Besancon, Toulon, and Cherbourg, and forwarded to Versailles from the 18th March to the 21st May, comprise—

80 cannons of 0.16m (6 in. 299/1000 diameter) from the War Arsenal 60 " " " from the Marine Arsenal 10 " of 0.22m (8 in. 661/1000 diameter) Marine. 110 Rifled long 24-pounders. 30 Rifled short 24-pounders. 80 Rifled siege 12-pounders. 3 Mortars of 0.32m (12 in. 598/1000 diameter). 15 Mortars of 0.27m (10 in. 629/1000 diameter). 15 Mortars of 0.22m (8 in. 661/1000 diameter). 40 Mortars of 0.15m (5 in. 905/1000 diameter). —- Total 393 artillery siege pieces.

Ammunition received at Versailles—

Shells of 0.16m (marine). . . . 73,000 " 0.22m " . . . . . 10,000 " 0.24m (rifled). . . . 140,000 " for 12-pounder (rifled) 80,000 Bombs of 0.32m . . . . . . . . 1,000 " 0.27m . . . . . . . . 7,000 " 0.22m . . . . . . . . 7,000 " 0.15m . . . . . . . . 30,000 ———- Total 348,000

The stock of gunpowder amounted to 400 tons.

Up to the 21st of May, the artillery received 20 tons a day, and on that day 50 tons were forwarded to the besieging army.

Up to the 21st of May, the field ordnance consisted of—

36 batteries of 4-pounders. 18 " 12-pounders. 4 " 7-pounders (breech-loaders). 12 " of mitrailleuses. —

Total 70 batteries, 63 of which were provided with horses (7 being in store).

The ammunition service consisted of—

80 tumbrels (calibre 12), each containing 54 charges. 30 " (calibre 7), " 90 " 120 " (calibre 4) " 120 " 55 " of mitrailleuses " 243 " 5000 cases of ammunition (for calibre 12), containing 49,000 charges. 600 " (for calibre 4), " 12,000 " 2000 " (for calibre 7), " 20,000 " 1000 " for mitrailleuses " 30,000 " 16 millions of Chassepot cartridges, and 2 millions of Remington cartridges.

On the evening of the 23rd of May the army of Versailles expended—

26,000 discharges (calibre 0.16m), marine guns. 2000 " " 0.22m), " 60,000 " " 0.24m), rifled guns. 30,000 " " 0.12m), rifled siege guns. 12,000 " (calibre of 7), used as a siege gun. 150 bombs of 0.32m 360 " 0.27m 2500 " 0.22m 5500 " 0.16m ———- Total 138,800 discharges of siege guns and mortars.—"Guerre des Communeux," p. 321.

The great feature of the second siege of Paris was the prudence exercised in manoeuvring the men so as to protect them from needless exposure, practical experience in German encounters having taught the line a severe lesson. From the report of Marshal MacMahon we learn that the lost amounted to 83 officers killed, and 430 wounded; 794 soldiers killed, and 6,024 wounded, and 183 missing in all.



XVII.

LIST OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MONUMENTS, CHURCHES, AND HOUSES,

DAMAGED OR DESTROYED BY THE COMMUNISTS OF PARIS,

MAY 24-29, 1871.

Fire commenced in the houses marked thus (*).

Palais des Tuileries (Emperor's Paris residence). Burnt. Musee du Louvre. Library totally destroyed. Palais Royal (Prince Napoleon's Paris residence). Burnt. Palais de la Legion d'Honneur (records all gone). Burnt. Conseil d'Etat. Burnt. Corps Legislatif. Damaged. Cour des Comptes (Exchequer). Burnt. Ministere d'Etat (Minister of State). Fired, but saved. Ministere des Finances (Treasury). Burnt. Hotel de Ville. (Town Hall of Paris). Burnt. Palais de Justice (Law courts). Burnt. Prefecture de Police. Burnt. The Conciergerie (House of Detention). Partly burnt. Mairie of the 1st Arrondissement. Dam. Mairie of the 4th Arrondissement. Partially burnt. Mairie of the 11th Arrondissement. Partially. Mairie of the 12th Arrondissement. Burnt. Mairie of the 13th Arrondissement. Damaged. Imprimerie Nationale. (National Printing office). Damaged. Polytechnic School. Damaged. Manufacture des Gobelins (National tapestry manufactory). Partially burnt. Grenier d'Abondance (Enormous corn and other stores). Burnt. Colonne Vendome. Overthrown on the 16th of May. Colonne de Juillet, on the Place de la Bastille. Greatly damaged. Porte Saint-Denis. Damaged. Porte Saint-Martin. Damaged. Cathedral of Notre Dame. Very slightly damaged. Pantheon. Very slightly damaged. Church of Belleville. Damaged. Church of Bercy. Burnt. Church of La Madeleine. Slightly dam. Church of St. Augustin. Damaged. Church of Saint Eustache (used as a club). Fired and much damaged. Church of Saint Gervais (used as a club). Damaged. Church of St. Laurent. Damaged. Church of Saint Leu. Damaged. Church of Reuilly. Fired but not burnt. Church of the Trinite. Damaged. Church of La Villette. Damaged. Sainte-Chapelle. Slightly, if at all, dam. Theatre du Chatelet. Fired, but saved. Theatre Lyrique. Burnt. Ba-ta-clan Music Hall. Fired, but not burnt. Theatre des Delassements-Comiques. Burnt. Theatre de la Porte Saint-Martin. Totally destroyed. Theatre Cluny. Only damaged. Theatre Odeon. Damaged. Abattoir de Grenelle. Damaged. Assistance Publique (offices of public charity). Burnt. Caisse des Depots et Consignations (Bank of Deposit). Burnt. Caisse de Poissy (Bank of Deposit). Burnt. Service des Ponts et Chaussees of the 13th Arrondissement (Civil engineer's office). Partially. Arsenal. Partly burnt. Caserne du Chateau-d'Eau (barracks). Damaged. Caserne Mouffetard. Damaged. Caserne Napoleon. Damaged. Caserne Quai d'Orsay. Burnt. Caserne de Reuilly. Burnt. Docks, Bonded Warehouses and Storehouses at La Villette. Burnt. Les Halles Centrales (Great general market). Damaged. Marche du Temple (General market). Damaged. Marche Voltaire (General market). Dam. Bridge over the Canal de l'Ourcq. Dam. Passerelle de la Villette (Foot-bridge). Burnt. Pont d'Austerlitz, with restaurant Trousseau and sluice-keeper's house. All burnt. Rotonde de la Villette. Damaged. Hospice de l'Enfant Jesus. Damaged. Hospital Lariboisiere. Damaged. Hospital Salpetriere: (House of refuge and lunatic-asylum for women). Burnt. Prison of la Roquette. Damaged. Gare de Lyon (Lyons railway terminus). Fired and damaged. Gare d'Orleans (Orleans railway terminus.) Damaged. Gare Montparnasse (Western railway terminus). Damaged. Gare de Strasbourg (Eastern railway terminus). Damaged. Gare de Vincennes (Vincennes railway terminus). Damaged. House of M. Thiers (Place St. Georges). Pulled down (previously). Cimetiere du Pere-Lachaise (cemetery). Damaged. Barriere Charenton. Damaged. Luxembourg: Powder Magazine in rear of Palace blown up, some subsidiary buildings burnt, and whole quarter damaged.



Avenue des Amandiers: Nos. 1, 2, 4, Burnt. No. 69. Damaged. Avenue de Choisy: Nos. 202, 221. Dam. Avenue de Clichy: Nos. 2, 4, 22. Dam. Avenue d'Italie: Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 78, 88. Damaged. Avenue d'Orleans: Nos. 79, 81, 83. Dam. Avenue Victoria: Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5. Burnt. No. 6. Damaged. Avenue de Vincennes: Nos. 2, 4, 10. Damaged. Boulevard Beaumarchais: No. 1. Burnt. Nos. 2, 13, 15, 26, 28, 30, 109. Dam. Boulevard de Bercy: No. 4, 8. Dam. Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle: Nos. 11, 15. Damaged. Boulevard Bourdon: Nos. 7, 17. Dam. Boulevard des Capucines: No. 11; Maison Giroux, Nos. 43, 58, 60. Damaged. Boulevard de la Chapelle: Nos. 10, 12, 14, 18, 20, coach houses and stables, 22, 30, 34, 40, 62, 86, 90, 94, 100, 122, 141, 143, 145, 147, "Aux Buttes Chaumont," 157, 163, 165, 169, 208, "Au Cadran Bleu," 216, 218. Damaged. Boulevard de Charonne: Nos. 50, 52, 74. Damaged. Boulevard de Clichy: No. 77; Convent and Church; Nos. 79, 81, 84, 86. Dam. Boulevard Contrescarpe: Nos. 2, 4. Burnt. Nos. 42, 46. Damaged. Boulevard de la Gare: No. 131. Dam. Boulevard Hausmann: Nos. 23, 72. Damaged. Boulevard d'Italie: Nos. 7, 69. Dam. Boulevard de la Madeleine: No. 1. Dam. Boulevard Magenta: Nos. 1, 3, 5, 6, 15, 48, 70, 78, 98, 114, "Au Meridien," 118, 143, 151, 153, 156. Damaged. Boulevard Malesherbes: Nos. 9, 33. Damaged. Boulevard Mazas: Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Burnt. Nos. 22, 26, 28 bis, 30, 60. Dam. Boulevard Montmartre: No, 1. Dam. Boulevard du Montparnasse: Nos. 9 bis, 41, 70, 100, 120, 150. Damaged. Nos. 25, three shops, 110, 112. Burnt. Boulevard Ornano: No. 56. Burnt. Nos. 1, 4, 7, 9, 22, 27, 32. Dam. Boulevard Poissonniere: No. 15. Dam. Boulevard du Port-Royal: Nos. 16, 18, 20. Damaged. Boulevard du Prince Eugene: Magazins-Reunis (co-operative store). Dam. Boulevard Richard-Lenoir: Nos. 20, 82. Burnt. Nos. 1, 5, 7, 9, 31, 36, 50, 69, 76, 87, 93, 107, 109, 116, 118, 136, 140. Damaged. Boulevard Saint-Denis: Nos. 6, 13, Cafe Magny. Damaged. Boulevard St. Jacques: Nos*. 69. Dam. Boulevard Saint-Marcel: No. 21. Dam. Boulevard Saint Martin: Nos. 14, 16, 18, 20. Damaged. Boulevard Saint Michel: No. 20; Cafe du Musee, 25; Cafe Miller, 65; Restaurant Moliere, 73; Dreher Beer House, 99; School of Mines. Dam. Boulevard Sebastopol: Nos. 9, 11, 13, 15. Burnt. Nos. 42, *65, 83. Damaged. Boulevard du Temple: Nos. 52, 54. Burnt. Nos. 2, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 30, 32, 34, 35, 38, 40, 44, 50. Damaged. Boulevard de la Villette: Nos. 85, 87, 117, Usine Falk. Burnt. Nos. 97, 128, 134, 136, 138, 140, 162. Damaged. Boulevard Voltaire: Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 20, 22, 28, 60. Burnt. Nos. 38, 63, 55, 60, 78, 94, 97, 98, 141, 166. Damaged. Carrefour de l'Observatoire; No. 11. Damaged. Chaussee Clignancourt: "Chateau-Rouge" (a public dancing-room). Damaged. Chaussee du Maine: No. 164. Dam. Chaussee de Menilmontant: Nos. 56, 58, 81, 98. Damaged. Croix-Rouge (cross way): Nos. 2, 4. Burnt. Faubourg Montmartre: No. 50,64. Dam. Faubourg Poissonniere: Nos. 39, 168. Damaged. Faubourg Saint-Antoine: No. 2. Burnt. Nos. 1, 8, 4, 6, 6, 7, 22, 141, 164, 156, 158, 162. Damaged. Faubourg Saint-Denis: Nos. 68, 77,114, 208 bis, 214. Damaged. Faubourg Saint-Honore: Nos. 1, 2, 3. Burnt. Nos. 4, 29, 30, 33, 85. Damaged. Faubourg Saint-Martin: Nos. *55, 66, 67, 69, 71, "Tapis Rouge." Burnt. Nos. 147, 184, 221, 234, 267. Dam. Faubourg du Temple: No. 30. Burnt. Nos. 9, 16, 17, 19, 20, 26, 29, 32, 33, 36, 41, 47, 48, 49, 53, 64, 66, 73, 81, 82, 98, 94, 106, 117. Dam. Impasse Constantine: No. 2. Damaged. Impasse Saint-Sauveur: No. 2. Dam. Passage du Sauinon. Damaged. Place de la Bastille: Nos. 8, 10, 12, Poste de l'Ecluse. Burnt. Nos. 4, 5, 6, 14. Damaged. Place Blanche: Nos. 2, 3. Damaged. Place Cambronne: No. 8. Damaged. Place du Chateau-d'Eau: Nos. 7, 15. Burnt. *9,13, "Pauvres Jacques;" Nos. 17, 19, 21, 23, Cafe du Chateau-d'Eau. Damaged. Place de la Concorde (Fountain). Dam. Place de la Concorde (Statue of Lille). Destroyed. Place de l'Hotel de Ville: Nos. 1, 3, 7, 9, 11. Burnt. Place de Jessaint: No. 4. Damaged. Place du Louvre: No. 1. Burnt. Place de la Madeleine: No. 31. Dam. Place de l'Odeon: No. 8; Cafe de Bruxelles. Damaged. Place de l'Opera: No. 3. Damaged. Place Pigalle: No. 1. Damaged. Place de la Sorbonne: No. 8. Dam. Place Valhubert: "Chalet du Jardin." Damaged. Place des Victoires: No. 2. Damaged. Place de Vintimille: Nos. 1, 27. Dam. Place Voltaire: No. 7. Burnt. No. 9. Damaged. Quai d'Anjou: Nos. 5, 11, 19, 23, 27, 43; "Au Petit Matelot." Damaged. Quai de Bercy: No. 12, 13. Burnt. Nos. 3, 5, 10. Damaged. Quai de Bethune: Nos. 12, 20. Dam. Quai Bourbon: No. 3. Damaged. Quai des Celestins: No. 6. Damaged. Quai de Gevres: No. 2. Burnt. Quai de l'Hotel-de-Ville: Nos. 28, 68, 72, 78, 82. Damaged. Quai de Jemappes: Nos. 18, 80, 34, 42. Damaged. No. 32. Burnt. Quai de la Loire: Nos. 10, 84, 86, 88. Burnt. No. 60. Damaged. Quai du Louvre: Nos. 2, 4, 6. Dam. Quai de la Megisserie: No. 22; "Belle Jardiniere." Damaged. Quai d'Orsay (a Club). Damaged. Quai de la Rapee: No. 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, Burnt. Quai de Valmy: Nos. 27, 29. Burnt. Nos. 31, 39, 48, 71, 73, 79. Dam. Quai Voltaire: No. 9, 13, 17. Dam. Rue d'Alibert: Nos. 1, 2; Damaged. Rue d'Allemagne: Nos. 2, 10. Dam. Rue d'Alsace: Nos. 31, 33, 39. Dam. Rue des Amandiers: Nos. 3, 4, 20, 65,86, 87. Damaged. Rue Amelot: Nos. 2, 21, 25, 104, 106,139. Damaged. Rue de l'Ancienne Comedie: No. 2: "A Mazarin" (drapers). Damaged. Rue d'Angouleme: Nos. 2, 28, 31, 43, 72bis. Damaged. Rue d'Anjou: No. 23. Damaged. Rue de l'Arcade: No. 2. Damaged. Rue de l'Arsenal: No. 3. Burnt. Rue d'Assas: Nos. 80, *78, 86, 90, 96, 98, 106, 112, 118, 124. Dam. Rue d'Aubervilliers: No. 138. Burnt. Nos. 2, 24, 88, 92, 96. Damaged. Rue Audran: No. 1. Damaged. Rue d'Aval: No. 11. Damaged. No. 17. Burnt. Rue du Bac: Nos. 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13. Burnt. Nos. 54, 55, 56, Leborgne House, 58, 62, 64. Damaged. Rue Barrault: Nos. 3, 31. Damaged. Rue de Belleville: Nos. 1, 2, 66, 70, 89, 91, 133. Damaged. Rue de Bercy: No. 257. Damaged. Rue Bichat: No. 67. Damaged. Rue Bisson: No. 49. Damaged. Rue Blanche: Nos. 97, 99. Damaged. Rue Boissy-d'Anglas: No. 31. Burnt. Nos. 33, 35, 37. Damaged. Rue de Bondy: Nos. 16, 17, 19, 21. Burnt. Nos. *22, *32; 24, 26, Grand Cafe Parisien, 28, 30, 40, 44. Damaged. Rue Brea: Nos; 1. Burnt. No. 3. Damaged. Rue de Bruxelles: No. 29. Damaged Rue de Buffon: Nos. 1, 3. Damaged. Rue de la Butte-aux-Cailles: Nos. 1, 16. Damaged. Rue de la Butte-Chaumont: No. 1. Burnt. Rue Cail: No. 25. Damaged. Rue Castex: No. 20. Damaged. Rue de la Cerisaie: Nos. 20,