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14. JEREMIAH.
14, A. The burial of the girdle (xiii. 4, 5).
The prophet is digging by the shore of Euphrates, represented by vertically winding furrows down the middle of the tablet. Note, the translation should be "hole in the ground," not "rock."
14, B. The breaking of the yoke (xxviii. 10).
From the prophet Jeremiah's neck; it is here represented as a doubled and redoubled chain.
15. EZEKIEL.
15, A. Wheel within wheel (i. 16).
The prophet sitting; before him two wheels of equal size, one involved in the ring of the other.
15, B. "Son of man, set thy face toward Jerusalem" (xxi. 2).
The prophet before the gate of Jerusalem.
16. DANIEL.
16, A. "He hath shut the lions' mouths" (vi. 22).
Daniel holding a book, the lions treated as heraldic supporters. The subject is given with more animation farther on in the series (24, B).
16, B. "In the same hour came forth fingers of a Man's hand" (v. 5).
Belshazzar's feast represented by the king alone, seated at a small oblong table. Beside him the youth Daniel, looking only fifteen or sixteen, graceful and gentle, interprets. At the side of the quatrefoil, out of a small wreath of cloud, comes a small bent hand, writing, as if with a pen upside down on a piece of Gothic wall.[64]
For modern bombast as opposed to old simplicity, compare the Belshazzar's feast of John Martin!
[Footnote 64: I fear this hand has been broken since I described it; at all events, it is indistinguishably shapeless in the photograph (No. 9 of the series).]
43. The next subject begins the series of the minor prophets.
17. HOSEA.
17, A. "So I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver and an homer of barley" (iii. 2).
The prophet pouring the grain and the silver into the lap of the woman, "beloved of her friend." The carved coins are each wrought with the cross, and, I believe, legend of the French contemporary coin.
17, B. "So will I also be for thee" (iii. 3).
He puts a ring on her finger.
18. JOEL.
18, A. The sun and moon lightless (ii. 10).
The sun and moon as two small flat pellets, up in the external moulding.
18, B. The barked fig-tree and waste vine (i. 7).
Note the continual insistance on the blight of vegetation as a Divine punishment, 19 D.
19. AMOS.
To the front.
19, A. "The Lord will cry from Zion" (i. 2).
Christ appears with crossletted nimbus.
19, B. "The habitations of the shepherds shall mourn" (i. 2).
Amos with the shepherd's hooked or knotted staff, and wicker-worked bottle, before his tent. (Architecture in right-hand foil restored.)
Inside Porch.
19, C. The Lord with the mason's line (vii. 8).
Christ, again here, and henceforward always, with crosslet nimbus, has a large trowel in His hand, which He lays on the top of a half-built wall. There seems a line twisted round the handle.
19, D. The place where it rained not (iv. 7).
Amos is gathering the leaves of the fruitless vine, to feed the sheep, who find no grass. One of the finest of the reliefs.
20. OBADIAH.
Inside Porch.
20, A. "I hid them in a cave" (1 Kings xviii. 13).
Three prophets at the mouth of a well, to whom Obadiah brings loaves.
20, B. "He fell on his face" (xviii. 7).
He kneels before Elijah, who wears his rough mantle.
To the front.
20, C. The captain of fifty.
Elijah (?) speaking to an armed man under a tree.
20, D. The Messenger.
A messenger on his knees before a king. I cannot interpret these two scenes (20, C and 20, D). The uppermost may mean the dialogue of Elijah with the captains (2 Kings i. 2), and the lower one, the return of the messengers (2 Kings i. 5).
21. JONAH.
21, A. Escaped from the sea.
21, B. Under the gourd. A small grasshopper-like beast gnawing the gourd stem. I should like to know what insects do attack the Amiens gourds. This may be an entomological study, for aught we know.
22. MICAH.
To the front.
22, A. The Tower of the Flock (iv. 8).
The tower is wrapped in clouds, God appearing above it.
22, B. Each shall rest and "none shall make them afraid" (iv. 4).
A man and his wife "under his vine and fig-tree."
Inside Porch.
22, C. "Swords into ploughshares" (iv. 3).
Nevertheless, two hundred years after these medallions were cut, the sword manufacture had become a staple in Amiens! Not to her advantage.
22, D. "Spears into pruning-hooks" (iv. 3).
23. NAHUM.
Inside Porch.
23, A. "None shall look back" (ii. 8).
23, B. The Burden of Nineveh (i. I).[65]
[Footnote 65: The statue of the prophet, above, is the grandest of the entire series; and note especially the "diadema" of his own luxuriant hair plaited like a maiden's, indicating the Achillean force of this most terrible of the prophets. (Compare 'Fors Clavigera,' Letter LXV., page 157.) For the rest, this long flowing hair was always one of the insignia of the Frankish kings, and their way of dressing both hair and beard may be seen more nearly and definitely in the angle-sculptures of the long font in the north transept, the most interesting piece of work in the whole cathedral, in an antiquarian sense, and of much artistic value also. (See ante chap. ii. p. 45.)]
To the front.
23, C. "Thy Princes and thy great ones" (iii. 17).
23, A, B, and C, are all incapable of sure interpretation. The prophet in A is pointing down to a little hill, said by the Pere Roze to be covered with grasshoppers. I can only copy what he says of them.
23, D. "Untimely figs" (iii. 12).
Three people beneath a fig-tree catch its falling fruit in their mouths.
24. HABAKKUK.
24, A. "I will watch to see what he will say unto me" (ii. 1).
The prophet is writing on his tablet to Christ's dictation.
24, B. The ministry to Daniel.
The traditional visit to Daniel. An angel carries Habakkuk by the hair of his head; the prophet has a loaf of bread in each hand. They break through the roof of the cave. Daniel is stroking one young lion on the back; the head of another is thrust carelessly under his arm. Another is gnawing bones in the bottom of the cave.
25. ZEPHANIAH.
To the front.
25, A. The Lord strikes Ethiopia (ii. 12).
Christ striking a city with a sword. Note that all violent actions are in these bas-reliefs feebly or ludicrously expressed; quiet ones always right.
25, B. The beasts in Nineveh (ii. 15).
Very fine. All kinds of crawling things among the tottering walls, and peeping out of their rents and crannies. A monkey sitting squat, developing into a demon, reverses the Darwinian theory.
Inside porch.
25, C. The Lord visits Jerusalem (i. 12).
Christ passing through the streets of Jerusalem, with a lantern in each hand.
25, D. The Hedgehog and Bittern[66] (ii. 14).
With a singing bird in a cage in the window.
[Footnote 66: See ante p. 117, note.]
26. HAGGAI.
Inside Porch.
26, A. The houses of the princes, ornees de lambris (i. 4).
A perfectly built house of square stones gloomily strong, the grating (of a prison?) in front of foundation.
26, B. The Heaven is stayed from dew (i. 10).
The heavens as a projecting mass, with stars, sun, and moon on surface. Underneath, two withered trees.
To the front.
26, C. The Lord's temple desolate (i. 4).
The falling of the temple, "not one stone left on another," grandly loose. Square stones again. Examine the text (i. 6).
26, D. "Thus saith the Lord of Hosts" (i. 7).
Christ pointing up to His ruined temple.
27. ZECHARIAH.
27, A. The lifting up of Iniquity (v. 6 to 9).
Wickedness in the Ephah.
27, B. "The angel that spake to me" (iv. 1).
The prophet almost reclining, a glorious winged angel hovering out of cloud.
28. MALACHI.
28, A. "Ye have wounded the Lord" (ii. 17).
The priests are thrusting Christ through with a barbed lance, whose point comes out at His back.
28, B. "This commandment is to you" (ii. 1).
In these panels, the undermost is often introductory to the one above, an illustration of it. It is perhaps chapter i. verse 6, that is meant to be spoken here by the sitting figure of Christ, to the indignant priests.
44. With this bas-relief terminates the series of sculpture in illustration of Apostolic and Prophetic teaching, which constitutes what I mean by the "Bible" of Amiens. But the two lateral porches contain supplementary subjects necessary for completion of the pastoral and traditional teaching addressed to her people in that day.
The Northern Porch, dedicated to her first missionary St. Firmin, has on its central pier his statue; above, on the flat field of the back of the arch, the story of the finding of his body; on the sides of the porch, companion saints and angels in the following order:—
CENTRAL STATUE.
ST. FIRMIN.
Southern (left) side.
41. St. Firmin the Confessor. 42. St. Domice. 43. St. Honore. 44. St. Salve. 45. St. Quentin. 46. St. Gentian.
Northern (right) side.
47. St. Geoffroy. 48. An angel. 49. St. Fuscien, martyr. 50. St. Victoric, martyr. 51. An angel. 52. St. Ulpha.
45. Of these saints, excepting St. Firmin and St. Honore, of whom I have already spoken,[67] St. Geoffroy is more real for us than the rest; he was born in the year of the battle of Hastings, at Molincourt in the Soissonais, and was Bishop of Amiens from 1104 to 1150. A man of entirely simple, pure, and right life: one of the severest of ascetics, but without gloom—always gentle and merciful. Many miracles are recorded of him, but all indicating a tenour of life which was chiefly miraculous by its justice and peace. Consecrated at Rheims, and attended by a train of other bishops and nobles to his diocese, he dismounts from his horse at St. Acheul, the place of St. Firmin's first tomb, and walks barefoot to his cathedral, along the causeway now so defaced: at another time he walks barefoot from Amiens to Picquigny to ask from the Vidame of Amiens the freedom of the Chatelain Adam. He maintained the privileges of the citizens, with the help of Louis le Gros, against the Count of Amiens, defeated him, and razed his castle; nevertheless, the people not enough obeying him in the order of their life, he blames his own weakness, rather than theirs, and retires to the Grande Chartreuse, holding himself unfit to be their bishop. The Carthusian superior questioning him on his reasons for retirement, and asking if he had ever sold the offices of the Church, the Bishop answered, "My father, my hands are pure of simony, but I have a thousand times allowed myself to be seduced by praise."
[Footnote 67: See ante Chap. I., pp. 5-6, for the history of St. Firmin, and for St. Honore p. 95, Sec. 8 of this chapter, with the reference there given.]
46. St. Firmin the Confessor was the son of the Roman senator who received St. Firmin himself. He preserved the tomb of the martyr in his father's garden, and at last built a church over it, dedicated to our Lady of martyrs, which was the first episcopal seat of Amiens, at St. Acheul, spoken of above. St. Ulpha was an Amienoise girl, who lived in a chalk cave above the marshes of the Somme;—if ever Mr. Murray provides you with a comic guide to Amiens, no doubt the enlightened composer of it will count much on your enjoyment of the story of her being greatly disturbed at her devotions by the frogs, and praying them silent. You are now, of course, wholly superior to such follies, and are sure that God cannot, or will not, so much as shut a frog's mouth for you. Remember, therefore, that as He also now leaves open the mouth of the liar, blasphemer, and betrayer, you must shut your own ears against their voices as you can.
Of her name, St. Wolf—or Guelph—see again Miss Yonge's Christian names. Our tower of Wolf's stone, Ulverstone, and Kirk of Ulpha, are, I believe, unconscious of Picard relatives.
47. The other saints in this porch are all in like manner provincial, and, as it were, personal friends of the Amienois; and under them, the quatrefoils represent the pleasant order of the guarded and hallowed year—the zodiacal signs above, and labours of the months below; little differing from the constant representations of them—except in the May: see below. The Libra also is a little unusual in the female figure holding the scales; the lion especially good-tempered—and the 'reaping' one of the most beautiful figures in the whole series of sculptures; several of the others peculiarly refined and far-wrought. In Mr. Kaltenbacher's photographs, as I have arranged them, the bas-reliefs may be studied nearly as well as in the porch itself. Their order is as follows, beginning with December, in the left-hand inner corner of the porch:—
41. DECEMBER.—Killing and scalding swine. Above, Capricorn with quickly diminishing tail; I cannot make out the accessories.
42. JANUARY.—Twin-headed, obsequiously served. Aquarius feebler than most of the series.
43. FEBRUARY.—Very fine; warming his feet and putting coals on fire. Fish above, elaborate but uninteresting.
44. MARCH.—At work in vine-furrows. Aries careful, but rather stupid.
45. APRIL.—Feeding his hawk—very pretty. Taurus above with charming leaves to eat.
46. MAY.—Very singularly, a middle-aged man sitting under the trees to hear the birds sing; and Gemini above, a bridegroom and bride. This quatrefoil joins the interior angle ones of Zephaniah.
52. JUNE.—Opposite, joining the interior angle ones of Haggai. Mowing. Note the lovely flowers sculptured all through the grass. Cancer above, with his shell superbly modelled.
51. JULY.—Reaping. Extremely beautiful. The smiling lion completes the evidence that all the seasons and signs are regarded as alike blessing and providentially kind.
50. AUGUST.—Threshing. Virgo above, holding a flower, her drapery very modern and confused for thirteenth-century work.
49. SEPTEMBER.—I am not sure of his action, whether pruning, or in some way gathering fruit from the full-leaved tree. Libra above; charming.
48. OCTOBER.—Treading grapes. Scorpio, a very traditional and gentle form—forked in the tail indeed, but stingless.
47. NOVEMBER.—Sowing, with Sagittarius, half concealed when this photograph was taken by the beautiful arrangements always now going on for some job or other in French cathedrals:—they never can let them alone for ten minutes.
48. And now, last of all, if you care to see it, we will go into the Madonna's porch—only, if you come at all, good Protestant feminine reader—come civilly: and be pleased to recollect, if you have, in known history, material for recollection, this (or if you cannot recollect—be you very solemnly assured of this): that neither Madonna-worship, nor Lady-worship of any sort, whether of dead ladies or living ones, ever did any human creature any harm,—but that Money worship, Wig worship, Cocked-Hat-and-Feather worship, Plate worship, Pot worship and Pipe worship, have done, and are doing, a great deal,—and that any of these, and all, are quite million-fold more offensive to the God of Heaven and Earth and the Stars, than all the absurdest and lovingest mistakes made by any generations of His simple children, about what the Virgin-mother could, or would, or might do, or feel for them.
49. And next, please observe this broad historical fact about the three sorts of Madonnas.
There is first the Madonna Dolorosa; the Byzantine type, and Cimabue's. It is the noblest of all; and the earliest, in distinct popular influence.[68]
[Footnote 68: See the description of the Madonna of Murano, in second volume of 'Stones of Venice.']
Secondly. The Madone Reine, who is essentially the Frank and Norman one; crowned, calm, and full of power and gentleness. She is the one represented in this porch.
Thirdly. The Madone Nourrice, who is the Raphaelesque and generally late and decadence one. She is seen here in a good French type in the south transept porch, as before noticed.
An admirable comparison will be found instituted by M. Viollet le Duc (the article 'Vierge,' in his dictionary, is altogether deserving of the most attentive study) between this statue of the Queen-Madonna of the southern porch and the Nurse-Madonna of the transept. I may perhaps be able to get a photograph made of his two drawings, side by side: but, if I can, the reader will please observe that he has a little flattered the Queen, and a little vulgarized the Nurse, which is not fair. The statue in this porch is in thirteenth-century style, extremely good: but there is no reason for making any fuss about it—the earlier Byzantine types being far grander.
50. The Madonna's story, in its main incidents, is told in the series of statues round the porch, and in the quatrefoils below—several of which refer, however, to a legend about the Magi to which I have not had access, and I am not sure of their interpretation.
The large statues are on the left hand, reading outwards as usual.
29. The Angel Gabriel. 30. Virgin Annunciate. 31. Virgin Visitant. 32. St. Elizabeth. 33. Virgin in Presentation. 34. St. Simeon.
On the right hand, reading outward,
35, 36, 37, The three Kings. 38. Herod. 39. Solomon. 40. The Queen of Sheba.
51. I am not sure of rightly interpreting the introduction of these two last statues: but I believe the idea of the designer was that virtually the Queen Mary visited Herod when she sent, or had sent for her, the Magi to tell him of her presence at Bethlehem: and the contrast between Solomon's reception of the Queen of Sheba, and Herod's driving out the Madonna into Egypt, is dwelt on throughout this side of the porch, with their several consequences to the two Kings and to the world.
The quatrefoils underneath the great statues run as follows:
29. Under Gabriel— A. Daniel seeing the stone cut out without hands. B. Moses and the burning bush.
30. Under Virgin Annunciate— A. Gideon and the dew on the fleece. B. Moses with written law, retiring; Aaron, dominant, points to his budding rod.
31. Under Virgin Visitant— A. The message to Zacharias: "Fear not, for thy prayer is heard." B. The dream of Joseph: "Fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife." (?)
32. Under St. Elizabeth— A. The silence of Zacharias: "They perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple." B. "There is none of thy kindred that is called by this name." "He wrote saying, His name is John."
33. Under Virgin in Presentation— A. Flight into Egypt. B. Christ with the Doctors.
34. Under St. Simeon— A. Fall of the idols in Egypt. B. The return to Nazareth.
These two last quatrefoils join the beautiful C and D of Amos.
Then on the opposite side, under the Queen of Sheba, and joining the A and B of Obadiah—
40. A. Solomon entertains the Queen of Sheba. The Grace cup. B. Solomon teaches the Queen of Sheba, "God is above."
39. Under Solomon— A. Solomon on his throne of judgment. B. Solomon praying before his temple-gate.
38. Under Herod— A. Massacre of Innocents. B. Herod orders the ship of the Kings to be burned.
37. Under the third King— A. Herod inquires of the Kings. B. Burning of the ship.
36. Under the second King— A. Adoration in Bethlehem?—not certain. B. The voyage of the Kings.
35. Under the first King— A. The Star in the East. B. "Being warned in a dream that they should not return to Herod."
I have no doubt of finding out in time the real sequence of these subjects: but it is of little import,—this group of quatrefoils being of less interest than the rest, and that of the Massacre of the Innocents curiously illustrative of the incapability of the sculptor to give strong action or passion.
But into questions respecting the art of these bas-reliefs I do not here attempt to enter. They were never intended to serve as more than signs, or guides to thought. And if the reader follows this guidance quietly, he may create for himself better pictures in his heart; and at all events may recognize these following general truths, as their united message.
52. First, that throughout the Sermon on this Amiens Mount, Christ never appears, or is for a moment thought of, as the Crucified, nor as the Dead: but as the Incarnate Word—as the present Friend—as the Prince of Peace on Earth,—and as the Everlasting King in Heaven. What His life is, what His commands are, and what His judgment will be, are the things here taught: not what He once did, nor what He once suffered, but what He is now doing—and what He requires us to do. That is the pure, joyful, beautiful lesson of Christianity; and the fall from that faith, and all the corruptions of its abortive practice, may be summed briefly as the habitual contemplation of Christ's death instead of His Life, and the substitution of His past suffering for our present duty.
53. Then, secondly, though Christ bears not His cross, the mourning prophets,—the persecuted apostles—and the martyred disciples do bear theirs. For just as it is well for you to remember what your undying Creator is doing for you—it is well for you to remember what your dying fellow-creatures have done: the Creator you may at your pleasure deny or defy—the Martyr you can only forget; deny, you cannot. Every stone of this building is cemented with his blood, and there is no furrow of its pillars that was not ploughed by his pain.
54. Keeping, then, these things in your heart, look back now to the central statue of Christ, and hear His message with understanding. He holds the Book of the Eternal Law in His left hand; with His right He blesses,—but blesses on condition. "This do, and thou shalt live"; nay, in stricter and more piercing sense, This be and thou shalt live: to show Mercy is nothing—thy soul must be full of mercy; to be pure in act is nothing—thou shalt be pure in heart also.
And with this further word of the unabolished law—"This if thou do not, this if thou art not, thou shalt die."
55. Die (whatever Death means)—totally and irrevocably. There is no word in thirteenth-century Theology of the pardon (in our modern sense) of sins; and there is none of the Purgatory of them. Above that image of Christ with us, our Friend, is set the image of Christ over us, our Judge. For this present life—here is His helpful Presence. After this life—there is His coming to take account of our deeds, and of our desires in them; and the parting asunder of the Obedient from the Disobedient, of the Loving from the Unkind, with no hope given to the last of recall or reconciliation. I do not know what commenting or softening doctrines were written in frightened minuscule by the Fathers, or hinted in hesitating whispers by the prelates of the early Church. But I know that the language of every graven stone and every glowing window,—of things daily seen and universally understood by the people, was absolutely and alone, this teaching of Moses from Sinai in the beginning, and of St. John from Patmos in the end, of the Revelation of God to Israel.
This it was, simply—sternly—and continually, for the great three hundred years of Christianity in her strength (eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries), and over the whole breadth and depth of her dominion, from Iona to Cyrene,—and from Calpe to Jerusalem. At what time the doctrine of Purgatory was openly accepted by Catholic Doctors, I neither know nor care to know. It was first formalized by Dante, but never accepted for an instant by the sacred artist teachers of his time—or by those of any great school or time whatsoever.[69]
[Footnote 69: The most authentic foundations of the Purgatorial scheme in art-teaching are in the renderings, subsequent to the thirteenth century, of the verse "by which also He went and preached unto the spirits in prison," forming gradually into the idea of the deliverance of the waiting saints from the power of the grave.
In literature and tradition, the idea is originally, I believe, Platonic; certainly not Homeric. Egyptian possibly—but I have read nothing yet of the recent discoveries in Egypt. Not, however, quite liking to leave the matter in the complete emptiness of my own resources, I have appealed to my general investigator, Mr. Anderson (James R.), who writes as follows:—
"There is no possible question about the doctrine and universal inculcation of it, ages before Dante. Curiously enough, though, the statement of it in the Summa Theologiae as we have it is a later insertion; but I find by references that St. Thomas teaches it elsewhere. Albertus Magnus developes it at length. If you refer to the 'Golden Legend' under All Souls' Day, you will see how the idea is assumed as a commonplace in a work meant for popular use in the thirteenth century. St. Gregory (the Pope) argues for it (Dial. iv. 38) on two scriptural quotations: (1), the sin that is forgiven neither in hoc saeculo nor in that which is to come, and (2), the fire which shall try every man's work. I think Platonic philosophy and the Greek mysteries must have had a good deal to do with introducing the idea originally; but with them—as to Virgil—it was part of the Eastern vision of a circling stream of life from which only a few drops were at intervals tossed to a definitely permanent Elysium or a definitely permanent Hell. It suits that scheme better than it does the Christian one, which attaches ultimately in all cases infinite importance to the results of life in hoc saeculo.
"Do you know any representation of Heaven or Hell unconnected with the Last Judgment? I don't remember any, and as Purgatory is by that time past, this would account for the absence of pictures of it.
"Besides, Purgatory precedes the Resurrection—there is continual question among divines what manner of purgatorial fire it may be that affects spirits separate from the body—perhaps Heaven and Hell, as opposed to Purgatory, were felt to be picturable because not only spirits, but the risen bodies too are conceived in them.
"Bede's account of the Ayrshire seer's vision gives Purgatory in words very like Dante's description of the second stormy circle in Hell; and the angel which ultimately saves the Scotchman from the fiends comes through hell, 'quasi fulgor stellae micantis inter tenebras'—'qual sul presso del mattino Per gli grossi vapor Marte rosseggia.' Bede's name was great in the middle ages. Dante meets him in Heaven, and, I like to hope, may have been helped by the vision of my fellow-countryman more than six hundred years before."]
56. Neither do I know nor care to know—at what time the notion of Justification by Faith, in the modern sense, first got itself distinctively fixed in the minds of the heretical sects and schools of the North. Practically its strength was founded by its first authors on an asceticism which differed from monastic rule in being only able to destroy, never to build; and in endeavouring to force what severity it thought proper for itself on everybody else also; and so striving to make one artless, letterless, and merciless monastery of all the world. Its virulent effort broke down amidst furies of reactionary dissoluteness and disbelief, and remains now the basest of popular solders and plasters for every condition of broken law and bruised conscience which interest can provoke, or hypocrisy disguise.
57. With the subsequent quarrels between the two great sects of the corrupted church, about prayers for the Dead, Indulgences to the Living, Papal supremacies, or Popular liberties, no man, woman, or child need trouble themselves in studying the history of Christianity: they are nothing but the squabbles of men, and laughter of fiends among its ruins. The Life, and Gospel, and Power of it, are all written in the mighty works of its true believers: in Normandy and Sicily, on river islets of France and in the river glens of England, on the rocks of Orvieto, and by the sands of Arno. But of all, the simplest, completest, and most authoritative in its lessons to the active mind of North Europe, is this on the foundation stones of Amiens.
58. Believe it or not, reader, as you will: understand only how thoroughly it was once believed; and that all beautiful things were made, and all brave deeds done in the strength of it—until what we may call 'this present time,' in which it is gravely asked whether Religion has any effect on morals, by persons who have essentially no idea whatever of the meaning of either Religion or Morality.
Concerning which dispute, this much perhaps you may have the patience finally to read, as the Fleche of Amiens fades in the distance, and your carriage rushes towards the Isle of France, which now exhibits the most admired patterns of European Art, intelligence, and behaviour.
59. All human creatures, in all ages and places of the world, who have had warm affections, common sense, and self-command, have been, and are, Naturally Moral. Human nature in its fulness is necessarily Moral,—without Love, it is inhuman, without sense,[70] inhuman,—without discipline, inhuman.
[Footnote 70: I don't mean aesthesis,—but [Greek: nous], if you must talk in Greek slang.]
In the exact proportion in which men are bred capable of these things, and are educated to love, to think, and to endure, they become noble,—live happily—die calmly: are remembered with perpetual honour by their race, and for the perpetual good of it. All wise men know and have known these things, since the form of man was separated from the dust. The knowledge and enforcement of them have nothing to do with religion: a good and wise man differs from a bad and idiotic one, simply as a good dog from a cur, and as any manner of dog from a wolf or a weasel. And if you are to believe in, or preach without half believing in, a spiritual world or law—only in the hope that whatever you do, or anybody else does, that is foolish or beastly, may be in them and by them mended and patched and pardoned and worked up again as good as new—the less you believe in—and most solemnly, the less you talk about—a spiritual world, the better.
60. But if, loving well the creatures that are like yourself, you feel that you would love still more dearly, creatures better than yourself—were they revealed to you;—if striving with all your might to mend what is evil, near you and around, you would fain look for a day when some Judge of all the Earth shall wholly do right, and the little hills rejoice on every side; if, parting with the companions that have given you all the best joy you had on Earth, you desire ever to meet their eyes again and clasp their hands,—where eyes shall no more be dim, nor hands fail;—if, preparing yourselves to lie down beneath the grass in silence and loneliness, seeing no more beauty, and feeling no more gladness—you would care for the promise to you of a time when you should see God's light again, and know the things you have longed to know, and walk in the peace of everlasting Love—then, the Hope of these things to you is religion, the Substance of them in your life is Faith. And in the power of them, it is promised us, that the kingdoms of this world shall yet become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ.
APPENDICES.
I. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS REFERRED TO IN THE 'BIBLE OF AMIENS.'
II. REFERENCES EXPLANATORY OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS ILLUSTRATING CHAPTER IV.
III. GENERAL PLAN OF 'OUR FATHERS HAVE TOLD US.'
APPENDIX I.
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS REFERRED TO IN THE 'BIBLE OF AMIENS.'
A.D. PAGE
250. Rise of the Franks 33 301. St. Firmin comes to Amiens 5 332. St. Martin 15 345. St. Jerome born 75 350. First church at Amiens, over St. Firmin's grave 99 358. Franks defeated by Julian near Strasburg 44 405. St. Jerome's Bible 50 420. St. Jerome dies 78 seq. 421. St. Genevieve born. Venice founded 27 445. Franks cross the Rhine and take Amiens 7 447. Merovee king at Amiens 7, 8 451. Battle of Chalons. Attila defeated by Aetius 7 457. Merovee dies. Childeric king at Amiens 8 466. Clovis born 7 476. Roman Empire in Italy ended by Odoacer 8 481. Roman Empire ended in France 9 Clovis crowned at Amiens 8, 27 St. Benedict born 27 485. Battle of Soissons. Clovis defeats Syagrius 8, 52 486. Syagrius dies at the court of Alaric 52 489. Battle of Verona. Theodoric defeats Odoacer 54 493. Clovis marries Clotilde 8 496. Battle of Tolbiac. Clovis defeats the Alemanni 53 Clovis crowned at Rheims by St. Remy 9 Clovis baptized by St. Remy 13 508. Battle of Poitiers. Clovis defeats the Visigoths under Alaric. Death of Alaric 9
APPENDIX II.
REFERENCES EXPLANATORY OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS ILLUSTRATING CHAPTER IV.
The quatrefoils on the foundation of the west front of Amiens Cathedral, described in the course of the fourth chapter, had never been engraved or photographed in any form accessible to the public until last year, when I commissioned M. Kaltenbacher (6, Passage du Commerce), who had photographed them for M. Viollet le Duc, to obtain negatives of the entire series, with the central pedestal of the Christ.
The proofs are entirely satisfactory to me, and extremely honourable to M. Kaltenbacher's skill: and it is impossible to obtain any more instructive and interesting, in exposition of the manner of central thirteenth-century sculpture.
I directed their setting so that the entire succession of the quatrefoils might be included in eighteen plates; the front and two sides of the pedestal raise their number to twenty-one: the whole, unmounted, sold by my agent Mr. Ward (the negatives being my own property) for four guineas; or separately, each five shillings.
Besides these of my own, I have chosen four general views of the cathedral from M. Kaltenbacher's formerly-taken negatives, which, together with the first-named series, (twenty-five altogether,) will form a complete body of illustrations for the fourth chapter of the 'BIBLE OF AMIENS'; costing in all five guineas, forwarded free by post from Mr. Ward's (2, Church Terrace, Richmond, Surrey). In addition to these, Mr. Ward will supply the photograph of the four scenes from the life of St. Firmin, mentioned on page 5 of Chapter I.; price five shillings.
For those who do not care to purchase the whole series, I have marked with an asterisk the plates which are especially desirable.
* * * * *
The two following lists will enable readers who possess the plates to refer without difficulty both from the photographs to the text, and from the text to the photographs, which will be found to fall into the following groups:—
Photographs.
1-3. THE CENTRAL PEDESTAL. DAVID.
4-7. THE CENTRAL PORCH. VIRTUES AND VICES.
8-9. THE CENTRAL PORCH. THE MAJOR PROPHETS, WITH MICAH AND NAHUM.
10-13. THE FACADE. THE MINOR PROPHETS.
14-17. THE NORTHERN PORCH. THE MONTHS AND ZODIACAL SIGNS, WITH ZEPHANIAH AND HAGGAI.
18-21. THE SOUTHERN PORCH. SCRIPTURAL HISTORY, WITH OBADIAH AND AMOS.
22-25. MISCELLANEOUS.
PART I.
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS WITH REFERENCE TO THE QUATREFOILS, ETC.
Photographs. 1-3. CENTRAL PEDASTAL. See pp. 109-110, Sec.Sec. 32-33.
*1. FRONT David. Lion and Dragon. Vine. *2. NORTH SIDE Lily and Cockatrice. *3. SOUTH SIDE Rose and Adder.
4-7. CENTRAL PORCH. Virtues and Vices (pp. 114, 117, Sec.Sec. 39 & 41).
4. 1 A. Courage. 2 A. Patience. 3 A. Gentillesse. 1 B. Cowardice. 2 B. Anger. 3 B. Churlishness.
5. 4 A. Love. 5 A. Obedience. 6 A. Perseverance. 4 B. Discord. 5 B. Rebellion. 6 B. Atheism.
6. 9 A. Charity. 8 A. Hope. 7 A. Faith. 9 B. Avarice 8 B. Despair. 7 B. Idolatry.
7. 12 A. Humility. 11 A. Wisdom. 10 A. Chastity. 12 B. Pride. 11 B. Folly. 10 B. Lust.
8-9. CENTRAL PORCH. The Major Prophets (pp. 114, 121, Sec.Sec. 39, 42), with Micah and Nahum (pp. 115, 127, Sec.Sec. 40, 43).
*8. ISAIAH. JEREMIAH. MICAH. 13 A. 14 A. 22 C. 13 B. 14 B. 22 D.
9. NAHUM. DANIEL. EZEKIEL. 23 A. 16 A. 15 A. 23 B. 16 B. 15 B.
10-13. THE FACADE. The Minor Prophets (pp. 114, 127, Sec.Sec. 40, 43).
*10. AMOS. JOEL. HOSEA. 19 A. 18 A. 17 A. 19 B. 18 B. 17 B.
*11. MICAH. JONAH. OBADIAH. 22 A. 21 A. 20 C. 22 B. 21 B. 20 D.
*12. ZEPHANIAH. HABAKKUK. NAHUM. 25 A. 24 A. 23 C. 25 B. 24 B. 23 D.
13. MALACHI. ZECHARIAH. HAGGAI. 28 A. 27 A. 26 C. 28 B. 27 B. 26 D.
14-17. THE NORTHERN PORCH. The Months and Zodiacal Signs (pp. 129-131, Sec. 47), with Zephaniah and Haggai (pp. 115, 127, Sec.Sec. 40, 43).
41. 42. 43. 44. 14. CAPRICORN. AQUARIUS. PISCES. ARIES. December. January. February. March.
45. 46. 25 C. 15. TAURUS. GEMINI. ZEPHANIAH. April. May. 25 D.
26 A. 52. 51. 16. HAGGAI. CANCER. LEO. 26 B. June. July.
50. 49. 48. 47. 17. VIRGO. LIBRA. SCORPIO. SAGITTARIUS. August. September. October. November.
18-21. THE SOUTHERN PORCH. Scriptural History (pp. 132-134, Sec. 51), with Obadiah and Amos (pp. 115, 127, Sec.Sec. 40, 42, 43).
*18. 29 A. Daniel and the stone. 30 A. Gideon and the fleece. 29 B. Moses and the burning Bush. 30 B. Moses and Aaron. 31 A. The message to Zacharias. 32 A. The silence of Zacharias. 31 B. Dream of Joseph. 32 B. "His name is John."
19. 33 A. The Flight 34 A. The Fall of 19 C. Amos. into Egypt. the Idols. 33 B. Christ and 34 B. Return to Nazareth. 19 D. Amos. the Doctors.
20. 20 A. Obadiah. 40 A. Solomon and the 39 A. Solomon Queen of Sheba. enthroned. The Grace Cup. 20 B. Obadiah. 40 B. Solomon teaching 39 B. Solomon the Queen of Sheba. in prayer. "God is above."
21. 38 A. Holy Innocents. 37 A. Herod and the Kings. 38 B. Herod orders the Kings' 37 B. The burning of the ship to be burnt. ship. 36 A. Adoration in Bethlehem (?) 35 A. The Star in the East. 36 B. The voyage of the Kings. 35 B. The Kings warned in a dream.
22-25. MISCELLANEOUS. *22. THE WESTERN PORCHES. *23. THE PORCH OF ST. HONORE. 24. THE SOUTH TRANSEPT AND FLECHE. 25. GENERAL VIEW OF THE CATHEDRAL FROM THE OTHER BANK OF THE SOMME.
* * * * *
PART II.—LIST OF QUATREFOILS WITH REFERENCE TO THE PHOTOGRAPHS.
Black Page and No. letter Name of Statue. Subject of Quatrefoil. Section of No. in where Photograph. text. described.
The Apostles. Virtues and Vices.
{A. Courage p. 114, Sec. 39 } 1. ST. PETER { p. 117, Sec. 41 } {B. Cowardice " " } } {A. Patience p. 114, Sec. 39 } 2. ST. ANDREW { p. 118, Sec. 41 } 4 {B. Anger " " } } {A. Gentillesse " " } 3. ST. JAMES { } {B. Churlishness " " }
{A. Love " " } 4. ST. JOHN { p. 114, Sec. 39 } {B. Discord p. 118, Sec. 41 } } {A. Obedience p. 114, Sec. 39 } 5. ST. MATTHEW { p. 118, Sec. 41 } 5 {B. Rebellion p. 119, " } } {A. Perseverance. " " } 6. ST. SIMON { {p. 114, Sec. 39 } {B. Atheism {p. 119, Sec. 41 }
{A. Faith {p. 115, Sec. 39 } 7. ST. PAUL { {p. 119, Sec. 41 } {B. Idolatry " " } } {A. Hope p. 115, Sec. 39 } 8. ST. JAMES THE { p. 119, Sec. 41 } 6 BISHOP {B. Despair " " } } {A. Charity " " } 9. ST. PHILIP {B. Avarice {p. 115, Sec. 39 } { {p. 120, Sec. 41 }
{A. Chastity " " } 10. ST. BARTHOLEMEW { } {B. Lust " " } } {A. Wisdom " " } 11. ST. THOMAS { } 7 {B. Folly " " } } {A. Humility p. 115, Sec. 39 } 12. ST. JUDE { p. 121, Sec. 41 } {B. Pride " " }
The Major Prophets.
{A. The Lord enthroned p. 115, Sec. 39 } 13. ISAIAH {B. Lo! this hath touched } thy lips p. 121, Sec. 42 } } 8 {A. The burial of the girdle p.115, Sec. 39} 14. JEREMIAH { } {B. The breaking of the } yoke p. 122, Sec. 42 }
{A. Wheel within wheel p. 115, Sec. 39 } 15. EZEKIEL { } {B. Set thy face towards } Jerusalem " " } } {A. He hath shut the lions' } { mouths " " } 9 16. DANIEL { } {B. Fingers of a man's hand p. 115, Sec. 39} p. 122, Sec. 42}
The Minor Prophets.
{A. So I bought her to {p. 116, Sec. 40 } { me {p. 122, Sec. 43 } 17. HOSEA { } {B. So will I also be for {p. 116, Sec. 40 } { thee {p. 123, Sec. 43 } } {A. The sun and moon {p. 116, Sec. 40 } { lightless {p. 123, Sec. 48 } 10 18. JOEL { } {B. The fig-tree and vine } { leafless " " } } {A. The Lord will cry from } { Zion " " } } {Facade {B. The habitations of the } { shepherds " " } { 19. AMOS{ {C. The Lord with the } {Porch { mason's line p. 116, Sec. 40 } { {D. The place where it } 19 { rained not p. 123, Sec. 43 }
{A. I hid them in a cave " " } {Porch {B. He fell on his face p. 124, " } 20 20. OBADIAH{ { {C. The captain of fifty " " } 11 {Facade {D. The messenger " " }
{A. Escaped from the sea p. 124, Sec. 43 } 21. JONAH { {p. 116, Sec. 40 } {B. Under the gourd {p. 124, Sec. 43 } } {A. The tower of the Flock " " } 11 {Facade { } { {B. Each shall rest " " } 22. MICAH { { {C. Swords into ploughshares } {Porch { p. 116, Sec. 40 } 8 { {D. Spears into pruning-hooks } { p. 124, Sec. 43 }
{A. None shall look back p. 125, " } 9 {Porch {B. The Burden of Nineveh " " } 23. NAHUM { { { {C. Thy Princes and great {p. 116, Sec.40 } {Facade { ones {p. 125, Sec.43 } {D. Untimely figs " " } } {A. I will watch " " } 24. HABAKKUK { } 12 {B. The ministry to Daniel " " } } {A. The Lord strikes {p. 117, Sec. 40 } {Facade { Ethiopia {p. 126, Sec. 43 } { {B. The beasts in Nineveh " " } 25. ZEPHANIAH{ { {C. The Lord visits Jerusalem " " } {Porch { } 15 {D. The Hedgehog and Bittern " " }
{A. The houses of the } { princes p. 117, Sec. 40 } { Porch { } { {B. The Heaven stayed } 16 26. HAGGAI{ { from dew p. 126, Sec. 43 } { { {C. The temple desolate " " } { Facade { } {D. Thus saith the Lord. p. 127, " } } {A. The lifting up of Iniquity p. 127, Sec. 43} 27. ZECHARIAH { } 13 {B. The angel that spake to me " " } } {A. Ye have wounded the {p. 117, Sec. 40 } 28. MALACHI { Lord {p. 127, Sec. 43 } {B. This commandment is } to you " " }
SOUTHERN PORCH—to the Virgin.
{A. Daniel and the stone } { cut without hands p. 133, Sec. 51 } 29. GABRIEL { } {B. Moses and the burning bush " " } } {A. Gideon and the fleece " " } 30. VIRGIN { } ANNUNCIATE {B. Moses and the law } Aaron and his rod " " } 13 } {A. The message to Zacharias! " " } 31. VIRGIN VISITANT { } {B. The dream of Joseph " " } } {A. The silence of Zacharias " " } 32. ST. ELIZABETH { } {B. "His name is John" " " }
{A. Flight into Egypt " " } 33. VIRGIN IN { } PRESENTATION {B. Christ with the Doctors " " } 19 } {A. Fall of idols in Egypt " " } 34. ST. SIMEON { } {B. The Return to Nazareth " " }
{A. The Star in the East. p. 134, Sec. 51 } 35. THE FIRST KING { } {B. "Warned in a dream" " " } } {A. Adoration in Bethlehem (?) " " } 36. THE SECOND KING { } {B. The voyage of the Kings " " } } {A. Herod inquires of the } 21 { Kings " " } 37. THE THIRD KING { } {B. The burning of the ship " " } } {A. Massacre of the Innocents " " } 38. HEROD { } {B. Herod orders the ship } to be burnt " " }
{A. Solomon enthroned p. 133, Sec. 51 } 39. SOLOMON { } {B. Solomon in prayer " " } } 20 {A. The Grace cup " " } 40. QUEEN OF SHEBA { } {B. "God is above" " " }
NORTHERN PORCH—to St. Firmin (p. 127, Sec. 44).
{A. Capricorn p. 130, Sec. 47 } 41. ST. FIRMIN { } CONFESSOR { } {B. December " " } } {A. Aquarius " " } 42. ST. DOMICE { } {B. January " " } } 14 {A. Pisces " " } 43. ST. HONORE { } {B. February " " } } {A. Aries. " " } 44. ST. SALVE { } {B. March " " }
{A. Taurus " " } 45. ST. QUENTIN { } {B. April " " } } 15 {A. Gemini " " } 46. ST. GENTIAN { } {B. May " " }
{A. Sagittarius p. 131, Sec. 47 } 47. ST. GEOFFREY { } {B. November " " } } {A. Scorpio " " } 48. AN ANGEL { } {B. October " " } } {A. Libra " " } 17 49. ST. FUSCIEN, { } MARTYR {B. September " " } } {A. Virgo " " } 50. ST. VICTORIC, { } MARTYR {B. August " " }
{A. Leo p. 130, Sec. 47 } 51. AN ANGEL { } {B. July " " } } 16 {A. Cancer " " } 52. ST. ULPHA { } {B. June " " }
APPENDIX III.
GENERAL PLAN OF 'OUR FATHERS HAVE TOLD US.'[71]
[Footnote 71: Reprinted from the "Advice," issued with Chap. III (March, 1882).]
The first part of 'Our Fathers have told us,' now submitted to the public, is enough to show the proposed character and tendencies of the work, to which, contrary to my usual custom, I now invite subscription, because the degree in which I can increase its usefulness by engraved illustration must greatly depend on the known number of its supporters.
I do not recognize, in the present state of my health, any reason to fear more loss of general power, whether in conception or industry, than is the proper and appointed check of an old man's enthusiasm: of which, however, enough remains in me to warrant my readers against the abandonment of a purpose entertained already for twenty years.
The work, if I live to complete it, will consist of ten parts, each taking up some local division of Christian history, and gathering, towards their close, into united illustration of the power of the Church in the Thirteenth Century.
The present volume completes the first part, descriptive of the early Frank power, and of its final skill, in the Cathedral of Amiens.
The second part, "Ponte della Pietra," will, I hope, do more for Theodoric and Verona than I have been able to do for Clovis and the first capital of France.
The third, "Ara Celi," will trace the foundations of the Papal power.
The fourth, "Ponte-a-Mare," and fifth, "Ponte Vecchio," will only with much difficulty gather into brief form what I have by me of scattered materials respecting Pisa and Florence.
The sixth, "Valle Crucis," will be occupied with the monastic architecture of England and Wales.
The seventh, "The Springs of Eure," will be wholly given to the cathedral of Chartres.
The eighth, "Domremy," to that of Rouen and the schools of architecture which it represents.
The ninth, "The Bay of Uri," to the Pastoral forms of Catholicism, reaching to our own times.
And the tenth, "The Bells of Cluse," to the pastoral Protestantism of Savoy, Geneva, and the Scottish border.
Each part will consist of four sections only; and one of them, the fourth, will usually be descriptive of some monumental city or cathedral, the resultant and remnant of the religious power examined in the preparatory chapters.
One illustration at least will be given with each chapter, and drawings made for others, which will be placed at once in the Sheffield museum for public reference, and engraved as I find support, or opportunity for binding with the completed work.
As in the instance of Chapter IV. of this first part, a smaller edition of the descriptive chapters will commonly be printed in reduced form for travellers and non-subscribers; but otherwise, I intend this work to be furnished to subscribers only.
INDEX.
[Except in the case of Chapter 1., which is not divided into numbered sections, the references in this index are to both page and section. Thus 206. iv. 51 is to page 206, Chapter IV., Sec. 51.]
Aaron's rod, 133. iv. 51.
Adder, the deaf, 110. iv. 33-4.
Admiration, test of, 96. iv. 8.
Afghan war, 48. ii. 43.
Agricola, 67. iii. 21.
Aisles of aspen and of stone, 97. iv. 10.
Alaric (son-in-law of Theodoric), defeated and killed by Clovis at Poitiers, 9; 52. ii. 49.
—— the younger, 52, ii. 49.
Albofleda, sister of Clovis, 51. ii. 48.
Alemannia (Germany) 34. ii. 19.
Alexander III. and Barbarossa, 111. iv. 35.
Alfred, King, of England, religious feeling under, 21.
Algeria, 63. iii. 13.
Alphabet, the, and Moesia, 68. iii. 22.
Alps, the, and climbing, 72. iii. 29.
Amiens. (1) History; (2) Town; (3) Cathedral.
(1) History of:— early people of, and Roman gods, 4. taken by the Franks under Clodion, 445 A.D., 7. manufactures of, early, 2, 3. " swords, 124. iv. 43. " woollen, 118, 120. iv. 41. religion, and Christianity:— the Beau Christ d'Amiens, 90, 111. iv. 3, 36. S. Firmin the first to preach there, 300 A.D., 5. the first bishopric of France, 6. the first church there, 350 A.D., 5, 6; 99. iv. 14. under S. Geoffroy, 1104-50 A.D., 128-9. iv. 45.
(2) The Town:— country round, 2. highest land near, 14. manufactory chimneys, 3. railway station, 1, 3. Roman gate near, 15. S. Acheul, chimney of, 6, 14. streams and rivers of, 1. the "Venice of France," 1.
(3) The Cathedral:— (a) History,— books on, 93 n. iv. 1. 2. n. building of, 89. iv. 1. 2. " by whom? 97-8, iv. 12. completion of, rhyme on the, 99. sq. iv. 12. history of successive churches on its site, 99. iv. 14. (b) General aspect of,— as compared with other cathedrals, 88. iv. 1. the consummation of Frankish character, 46. ii. 38. the "Parthenon of Gothic architecture," 88. iv. 1. (c) Detailed examination of,— approaches to, which best, 92. sq. iv. 6. apse, the, its height, 96. iv. 9 " the first perfect piece of Northern architecture, 97. iv. 11. choir, the, and wood-carving, 91 & n. iv. 5 & n. facade, 108 sq. iv. 28 sq. " the central porch, " " apostles of, 108. iv. 29. " " Christ-Immanuel, David, 108. iv. 28. " " prophets of, 108. iv. 29. " the northern porch (S. Firmin), 127 sq. iv. 44. " the southern porch (Madonna), 131 sq. iv. 48. fleche, from station, 3, 4; 94. iv. 7; 138. iv. 58. foundation steps, the old, removed, 107. iv. 27. restoration of, 107. iv. 27; 123. iv. 43. rose moulding of, 107. iv. 27. sculptures of, 133-4. iv. 51. " of virtues less good than of prophets, 121. iv. 42. transepts of; North, rose window, 95-6. iv. 8. " " sculpture of, 125. n. iv. 43 n. " South, Madonna on, 94. iv. 7.
Amos, figure and quatrefoils, Amiens Cathedral, 123. iv. 43.
Anchorites, early, 72, 73. iii. 29, 30.
Anderson, J. R., on purgatory, 136 n. iv. 55 n.
Angelico, scriptural teaching of, 81. iii. 46.
Anger, bides its time, 48. ii. 42.
Anger, a feminine vice, 118. iv. 41. " sculpture of, Amiens Cathedral, 117. iv. 41.
Angouleme, legend of its walls falling, 50 n. ii. 47.
Aphrodite, 27. ii. 3.
Apocrypha, the, received by the Church, 78. iii. 40.
Apostles, the, and virtues, Amiens Cathedral, 112. iv. 37 sq.
Arab, Gothic and Classic, 63. iii. 13.
Arabia, 63. iii. 13. " power of, 65. iii. 19. " religion of, 66. iii. 19. " Sir F. Palgrave's book on, 64-65. iii. 17-18.
Architecture, Egyptian, origin of, 71. iii. 27. " literal character of early Christian, 90. iv. 4. " and nature, 97. iv. 10. " Northern gets as much light as possible, 89. iv. 2. " " passion of, 97. iv. 10. " "Purity of style" in, 88. iv. 2.
Arianism of Visigoths, 9.
Arles, defeat of Clovis by Theodoric at, 50, 54. ii. 47, 53.
Armour, early Frankish, 43. ii. 33.
Art, the Bible as influencing and influenced by Christian, 80-81. iii. 45-6. " all great, praise, pref. v. " and literature, mental action of, 81. iii. 47.
Asceticism, our power of rightly estimating, 72. iii. 29.
Asia, seven churches of, 63. iii. 12. " Minor, a misnomer, 62. iii. 12. " religious feeling of Asiatics, 21 n.
Assyria, ancient kingdom of, and the Jews, 65. iii. 18.
Astronomy from Egypt, 71. iii. 27.
Atheism, barefoot figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 119. iv. 41. " very wise men may be idolaters, cannot be atheists, 119. iv. 41. " Modern: see "Infidelity."
Athena, 86. iii. 53.
Athens, influence of, on Europe, 62. iii. 12.
Atlantic cable, 61. iii. 8.
Attila, defeated at Chalons, 7.
Attuarii, 34, 38 n. ii. 18, 28 n.
Augurs, college of, 70 n. iii. 26 n.
Aurelian, the Emperor, a Dacian, 32 n. ii. 15.
Auroch herds, of Scythia, 31 n. ii. 11.
Author, the:— art teaching of, 85. iii. 52. Bible training of, 86. iii. 52. on his own books, 85. iii. 52. cathedrals, his love of, 88. iv. 1. conservative, pref. iii.
Author, the: discursiveness of, 47. ii. 40. on Greek myths, 86. iii. 52. on Homer and Horace, 86. iii. 52. religion of, 135 sq. iv. 55 sq. on Roman religion, 86. iii. 52. travels abroad; earliest tour on Continent, 99. iv. 13. " at Amiens, in early life, 107. iv. 27. " at Avallon, Aug. 28, 82. 87. iii. 54. books of quoted or referred to:— Ariadne Florentina, on "franchise," 39 n. ii. 28. Arrows of the Chace, letters to Glasgow, pref. iii. Fiction Fair and Foul, 111. iv. 35 n. Fors Clavigera, Letter 61, Vol. VI., p. —, 102 n. iv. 20 n. " " " 65, Vol. VI., p. —, 125 n. iv. 43 n. Laws of Fesole, pref. v. " " " 60. iii. 7. Modern Painters, plate 73, 20. St. Mark's Rest, 27. ii. 2. " " 83 n. iii. 48 n. " " 113 n. iv. 36. Stones of Venice, 131 n. iv. 49 n. Two Paths, 95 n. iv. 8 n. Val d'Arno, 39 n. ii. 28 n.
Auvergnats, 10.
Avarice, modern, 111. iv. 35; 120. iv. 41. " figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 120. iv. 41.
Bacteria, the, 13.
Baltic, tribes of the, 31. ii. 11, 12.
Baptism, not essential to salvation, 18.
Barbarossa, in the porch of St. Mark's, 111. iv. 35.
Batavians, 49. ii. 45.
Battle-axe, French, or Achon, 42. ii. 32.
Bayeux, Bishop of, surrender of Lord Salisbury to, 105. iv. 24.
Beauvais, cathedral of, 88. iv. 1.
Beggars, how to give to, 95. iv. 8.
Belshazzar's feast, 122. iv. 42.
"Bible of Amiens," meaning of title, 127. iv. 44
——, the Holy— art, as influenced by, 80. iii. 45. and Clovis, 50. ii. 47. contents and matchless compass of, 85. iii. 51. disobedience of accepting only what we like in it, 79. iii. 41. history of, and acceptance by the Church, 77-8. iii. 39, 40. influence of, sentimental, intellectual, moral, 79. iii. 42.
Bible, inspiration of the, 82. iii. 48. the "library of Europe," 76. iii. 36. literature and, 80. iii. 44. St. Jerome's, 70. iii. 26. study of, by the author as a child, 86. iii. 52. " honest and dishonest, 79. iii. 42. " one-sided, and its results, 79. iii. 41. teaching of, general and special, 84. iii. 49. Ulphilas' Gothic, 68. iii. 22. the word 'Bible,' its meaning, 77. iii. 37. quoted or referred to:—[72] Gen. xviii. 25, Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right? 139. iv. 60. Ex. xiv. 15, Speak unto the children of Israel, that they go forward, 102 n. iv. 21 n. Deut. xxvi. 5, A Syrian ready to perish was my father, 63. iii. 14. 1 Sam. xvii. 28, With whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness? 70. iii. 26. Ps. xi. 4, The Lord is in His holy temple, 90. iv. 2. Ps. xiv. 1, The fool hath said (Dixit insipiens), 119, iv. 41. Ps. xxiv. Who is the King of Glory? 112. iv. 36. Ps. lxv. 12, The little hills rejoice on every side, 139. iv. 60. Song of Solomon vii. 1, How beautiful are thy feet with shoes, 119. iv. 41. Isa. xi. 9, Hurt nor destroy in all the holy mountain, 87. iii. 54. Matt. x. 37, He that loveth father or mother more than me, 76. iii. 36. " xvi. 24, Let him take up his cross and follow me, 79. iii. 43. " xvii. 5, This is my beloved Son ... hear ye Him, 109, iv. 30. " xviii. 20, Where two or three are gathered together, 90. iv, 3. " xxi. 9, Hosanna to the Son of David, 109. iv. 31. Luke i. 80, The child grew ... and was in the deserts, 70. iii. 26. " x. 5, Peace be to this house, 114. iv. 38. " x. 28, This do, and thou shalt live, 135. iv. 54. " xvi. 31, If they hear not Moses and the prophets, 177. iii. 38. John vi. 29, This is the work of God, that ye believe him, 4. " vi. 55, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, 119. iv. 41. " xvii. 23, I in them, and thou in me, 118. iv. 41. " xxi. 16, Feed my sheep, 106. iv. 26. Rom. viii. 4, 6, 13, The righteousness of the law ... for to be carnally minded, is death, 84 n. iii. 48 n. 1 Cor. xiii. 6, Rejoiceth not in iniquity, but in the truth, pref. v. 2 Cor. vi. 16, I will be their God and they shall be my people, 90. iv. 3. Eph. iv. 26, Let not the sun go down upon your wrath, 48. iii. 42. " vi. 15, Your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace, 119. iv. 41. James v. 7, 8, Be ye also patient, 120. iv. 41. Rev. iii. 11, Hold fast that which thou hast, 119. iv. 41. " xi. 15, The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord and of his Christ, 139. iv. 60.
[Footnote 72: References merely descriptive of one of the sculptures of the facade of Amiens Cathedral are omitted in this index.]
Bibliotheca, 77. iii. 37.
Bishops, French, in battle, 105. iv. 24. See Everard and S. Geoffrey.
Bittern and hedgehog, 126. iv. 43.
Black's atlas, 36. ii. 24.
Black Prince, the, his leopard coinage, 117. iv. 41. " " " at Limoges, 118. iv. 41.
Blasphemy and slang, 105. iv. 25.
Blight, as a type of punishment, 123. iv. 43.
Boden see, the, 37. ii. 25.
Boulin, Arnold, carves choir of Amiens Cathedral, 92 n. iv. 5.
Bourges, cathedral of, 88. iv. 1.
Bouvines, battle of, 105. iv. 24.
Bretons, in France, 6, 8, 11.
Britain, gives Christianity its first deeds and final legends, 32. ii. 15. " divisions of, 69. iii. 24. " and Roman Empire, 29-30. ii. 9.
Brocken summit, the, 35. ii. 22.
Bructeri, 34. ii. 18.
Bunyan, John, 16.
Burgundy, and France distinct, 6, 8, 11. " extent of kingdom, temp. Clotilde, 52 n. ii 49. " king of, uncle of Clotilde, 52. ii. 50.
Bussey and Gaspey's History of France, 52 n. ii. 50.
Butler, Colonel, "Far out Rovings retold," pref. iv., 35.
Byron's "Cain," 80. iii. 44.
Byzantine Madonna, 131. iv. 49. " scheme of the virtues, 112 n. iv. 36.
Byzantium, influence of on Europe, 62. iii. 12.
Calais, road from, to Paris, 10.
Callousness of modern public opinion, 48. ii. 42.
Camels, disobedient and ill-tempered, 118. iv. 41.
Canary Islands, 63. iii. 13.
Cancan, the, 118. iv. 41.
Canterbury, S. Martin's church at, and S. Augustine, 18.
Canute, 64. iii. 16.
Carlyle, T., description of Poland and Prussia, 30 n. ii. 10. " "Frederick the Great" quoted, 81. iii. 47.
Carpaccio, draperies in the pictures of, 2.
Carthage, 63. iii. 13.
Cary's Dante, 112 n. iv. 36. " " 120. iv. 41. " " See "Dante," 120.
Cassel, 36. ii. 24.
Cathedrals, author's love of, 88. iv. 1. " custodians of, 88. iv. 1. " different, French and English, compared with that of Amiens, 88. iv. 1. " plan of mediaeval, and its religious meaning, 91. iv. 4. " points of compass in, 107. iv. 28.
Catti, the, 34, 38. ii. 18, 27.
Cattle, huge, of nomad tribes, 31 n. ii. 11.
Centuries, division of the, into four periods, 26. ii. 1.
Chalons, defeat of Attila at, 7.
Chamavi, 34. ii. 18.
Chapman, George, his last prayer, 102. iv. 20-21.
Charity, giving to beggars, 95. iv. 8. " indiscriminate, 121. iv. 41.
Charlemagne, religion under, 21 n.
Chartres cathedral, 88. iv. 1.
Chastity, Amiens Cathedral, 120. iv. 41.
Chaucer, "Romaunt of Rose" quoted on franchise, 39 n. ii. 28.
Chauci, 34, 38. ii. 18, 27.
Childebert (son of Clovis), first Frank king of Paris, 51. ii. 48. " meaning of the word, 51. ii. 48.
Childeric, son of Merovee, king of Franks, exiled 447 A.D., 7.
Chivalry, its dawn and darkening, 43 ii. 33. " its Egyptian origin, 71. iii. 27. " feudal, 54. ii. 54.
Chlodomir, second son of Clovis, 51. ii. 48.
Chlodowald, son of Chlodomir, 51. ii. 48.
Christ, the Beau Christ d'Amiens, 90. 111. iv. 3, 36. " and the doctors, 133. iv. 51. " His life, not His death, to be mainly contemplated, 134. iv. 52. " His return to Nazareth, 133. iv. 51. " realization of His presence by mediaeval burghers, 90. iv. 3. " statue of, Amiens Cathedral, 108. iv. 28. " " " " 111. iv. 36. " " " " its conception and meaning, 134. iv. 52.
Christian," "The (newspaper), 83. iii. 48.
Christianity and the Bible, 70. iii. 26. " of Clovis, 13. " early, share of Britain, Gaul and Germany in, 33. ii. 15. " fifth century, at end of, 54. ii. 54. " Gentile, 77. iii 39. " Gothic, Classic, Arab, 69. iii. 25. " literature as influencing, 70. iii. 26. " mediaeval, Saxon and Frank, 21. " modern, 17. " modest minds, the best recipients of, 77. iii. 39. " monastic life, 70. iii. 26. " S. Jerome's Bible, and, 77. iii. 37. " true, defined, 136. iv. 55. " " " 137. iv. 57. " See "Religion."
Church, the first French, at Amiens, 5, 6.
Churlishness, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 118. iv. 41.
Cimabue's Madonna, 131. iv. 49.
Cincinnatus, 67. iii. 21.
Circumstances, man the creature of, 58, 59. iii. 1, 3.
Classic countries of Europe, (Gothic, and Arab,) 62 sq. iii. 11. " literature, there is a sacred, 86. iii. 53.
Claudius, the Emperor, a Dacian, 32 n. ii. 15.
Clergymen, modern, 17. " protestant, 74. iii. 33.
Climate, and nationality, 9. " races divided by, 61. iii. 9. " and race, their influence on man, 61. iii. 9.
Cloak, legend of S. Martin's, 14, 15.
Clodion, leads Franks over Rhine and takes Amiens, 445 A.D., 7.
Clotaire, son of Clovis, 51. ii. 48.
Clotilde (wife of Clovis, daughter of Chilperic), 6, 21. " education of, 52 n. ii. 49. " the god of, 7, 9, 13. " " " " 54. ii. 54. " journeys to France, 52. ii. 50. " marriage of, 13; 51. ii. 48. " mother of, 52 n. ii. 49. " name, meaning of the, 51. ii. 48.
——, daughter of Clovis and Clotilde, 51. ii. 48.
Clovis, King of the Franks, 7. " birth of, 466 A.D., 52. ii. 49. " character of, 13. " death and last years of, 49 sq. ii. 44. " family of, 51. ii. 48. " name, meaning of the, 51. ii. 48. " reign of, 13. " crowned at Amiens, 481 A.D., 27. ii. 2. " " at Rheims, 9. " defeat of by Ostrogoths, at Arles, 50. ii. 47. " passes the Loire, at Tours, 20. " and the Soissons vase, 47-8. ii. 41-3. " summary of its events, 51. ii. 49. " victories of, (Soissons, Poitiers, Tolbiac,) 9. 21. i. n. " " the Franks after his, 46. ii. 38. " religion of:— " prays to the God of Clotilde, 7, 9, 13; 54. ii. 54. " conversion to Christianity by S. Remy, 13, 14. " his previous respect for Christianity, 52 n. ii. 49 n. " " " " " S. Martin's Abbey, 20. " his Christianity, analysed, 50. ii. 47. " Rheims enriched by, 52. ii. 49. " S. Genevieve, Paris, founded by, 55. ii. 55.
——, son of Childeric, 7. " " " " invades Italy, 38 n. ii. 28 n. " " " " reign of, 7.
Cockatrice, sculpture of the, Amiens Cathedral, 110. iv. 33-4.
Cockneyism, history writing and, 13.
Cockneyism, 'Mossoo,' 38. ii. 27. " priests and, 119. iv. 41.
Coinage, the Black Prince's leopard, 117. iv. 41.
Colchos, tribes of the lake of, 31. ii. 11.
Cologne, battlefield of Tolbiac from, 54. ii. 54.
Commerce and protestantism, 79. iii. 43.
Competition will not produce art, 90 n. iv. 4. " " and the Franks, 41 n. ii. 31.
Constantine, Emperor, power of, 54. ii. 54. " " lascivious court of, 67. iii. 20.
Constantius, Emperor, a Dacian, 32 n. ii. 15.
Courage, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 117. iv. 41.
Covetousness, and atheism, 119. iv. 41.
Cowardice, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 117. iv. 41.
Creasy, Sir E., "History of England," 59 iii. 5, 6.
Crecy, battle of, Edward II. fords the, 1.
Crime, the history of, its possible lessons, 12.
Cross, the power of the, in history, 79. iii. 42. " protestant view of the, as a raft of salvation, 80. iii. 43.
Crown, the, of Hope, 119. iv. 41.
Cyrene, 63. iii. 13.
Dacia, contest of, with Rome, 30. ii. 9. " five Roman emperors from, 32 n. ii. 15 n.
Daedalus, 101, iv. 19.
Dalmatia, 68. iii. 23.
Danes, the, 31. ii. 12.
Daniel, statue, etc., of, Amiens Cathedral, 114. iv. 38; 121. iv. 42. quatrefoils: 'traditional visit of Habakkuk to,' 125. iv. 43. " the stone cut without hands, 133. iv. 51.
Dante, as a result of the Bible, 80. iii. 44. " Christian-heathen poet, 102. iv. 20. " Virgil's influence on, 86. iii. 53. " quoted: "Paradise" (28), 111 n. iv. 36. " " " (125), 120. iv. 41.
Danube, tribes of the, 31. ii. 1.
Darwinism, 40. ii. 30; 126. iv. 43.
Dates, recollection of exact, 26, 33. ii. 1, 2, 17.
David and monastic life, 70. iii. 26. " statue of, Amiens Cathedral, 109 sq. iv. 31.
Dead, recognition of the, in a future life, 139. iv. 60.
Denmark, under Canute, 64. iii. 16.
Despair, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 120. iv. 41.
Devil, St. Martin's answer to the, 17.
Diocletian, retirement of, 66. iii. 20.
Discipline, essential to man, 108. iv. 29.
Dniester, importance of the, 61. iii. 9-10.
Doctor, preaching at Matlock, 83 n. iii. 48 n.
Douglas, Bishop, translation of Virgil, 135; 86. iii. 53; 102. iv. 20.
Dove, the, a type of humility, 120. iv. 41. " " Isaac Walton's river, 1.
Dover cliff and parade, 96. iv. 9.
Drachenfels, district of the, 35. ii. 20, 22.
Dragon, under feet of the Christ, Amiens Cathedral, 111. iv. 34.
Druids, in France, 4.
Durham Cathedral, 89. iv. 1.
Dusevel's history of Amiens, 2 n.
East, geography of the, 64, 65. iii. 17, 18.
Eder, the, 36. ii. 24.
Egypt, 63. iii. 13. " The Flight into, 132. iv. 51. " Idols, the fall of, in, 133. iv. 51. " influence of, 65. iii. 19. " and the origin of learning, 71. iii. 27. " theology of, and Greece, 71. iii. 27.
Eisenach, 36. ii. 24.
Elbe, tribes of the, 31. ii. 11.
Elijah, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 124. iv. 43.
Engel-bach, 36. ii. 24.
England, dominions of (story of C. Fox and Frenchman), 59. iii. 5-6. " modern politics of: Afghan war, 48. ii. 43. " " " Ireland, pref. iii., iv.; 60. iii. 6. " " " Scotch crofters, 6. iii. 6. " " " Zulu land, 48. ii. 43; 60. iii. 6. " pride of wealth, 60. iii. 7. " St. Germain comes to, 28. ii. 5. " streams of (Croydon, Guildford, Winchester), 3.
English cathedrals, 88. iv. 1. " character, stolid, French active, 40. ii. 30. " language, its virtues, nobler than Latin, 105. iv. 24. " tourist, the, 72. iii. 29. " " " initial-cutting by, 98. iv. 12.
Ethiopia, the Lord striking, 126. iv. 43.
Europe, condition and history of, 1-500 A.D., 31. 54. ii. 13, 54. " countries of, twelve, 63. iii. 14. " division of, into Gothic and Classic, 62 sq. iii. 11 sq. " " by Vistula and Dniester, 61. iii. 9-10. " geography of, 61-65, 68, 69. iii. 9-18, 22-3 sq. " Greek part of, 62. iii. 12. " " imagination, and Roman order, influence of, 66. iii. 20. " nomad tribes of, 31 & n. ii. 11.
Europe, peasant life of early, 82. ii. 13.
Evangelical doctrine and commerce, 79. iii. 43.
Everard, Bishop of Amiens, his tomb, 104. iv. 24.
Executions, ancient and modern, 48. ii. 43.
Ezekiel, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 122. iv. 42.
Faith, justification by, 137. iv. 56. " mediaeval, 90. iv. 3. " sculpture of, Amiens Cathedral, 119. iv. 41. " "the substance of things hoped for," 138. iv. 60. " symbolism of, with cup and cross, 119. iv. 41. " and works, 134. iv. 52 sq.
Fanaticism, and the Bible, 79. iii. 41.
Fathers, the, Scriptural commentaries of, 81. iii. 46. " theology of the, 135. iv. 55.
Faust, Goethe's, 8; 35. ii. 21; 80. iii. 44.
Favine, Andre (historian, 1620) on Frankish character, 40. ii. 30, 32.
Feud, etymology of, 101 n. iv. 17 n.
Florence, Duomo of, 88. iv. 1.
Folly, sculpture of, Amiens Cathedral, 121. iv. 41.
Fortitude, sculpture of, Amiens Cathedral, 118. iv. 41.
Fox, Charles, his boast of England, 59. iii. 5. " Dr., quaker, preaching at Matlock, 83 n. iii. 48.
France, Amiens and Calais, country between, 2. " architecture of, no stone saw used, 89. iv. 2 n. " books on: Pictorial History of, 48. ii. 43. " " "Villes de France," 52 n. ii. 50. " cathedrals of, the, 88. iv. 1. " their outside "the wrong side of the stuff," 96. iv. 8. " restoration of, 130. iv. 47. " churches of, the first, at Amiens, 6. " colours of the shield of, 43. ii. 48. " early tribes of, 6, 8. " and the Franks, 7. " geography and geology of northern, 10. " the Isle of, Paris, 138. iv. 58. " Kings of (Philip the Wise, Louis VIII., St. Louis), 100. iv. 16. " map of, showing early divisions, 8. " Merovingian dynasty, 21. " peoples of, divided by climates, 10. " provinces of, 10, 11. " Prussia, war with, 33. ii. 17. " rivers of, the five, 8. (See below, "French").
Franchise, 38 n. ii. 28.
Francisca (Frankish weapon), 42. ii. 32.
Frank, meaning of the word, 'brave' rather than 'free,' 37-8. ii. 27-8.
Frankenberg, 36. ii. 24-5.
Frankness, meaning of, 6; 38. ii. 28. " opposite of shyness, 39. ii. 28.
Franks, the, agriculture, sport, and trade of, 45. ii. 37. " appearance of, 43. ii. " character of, 32, 44, 45, ii. 15, 35, 38. " etymology of word, 42. ii. 32. " hair, manner of wearing the, by, 45, 125 n. ii. 36, iv. 43 n. " and Holland, 40. ii. 30. " and Julian (defeated by him, 358 A.D.), 41 n. 44. ii. 31, 35. " Kings of the, 7. " modern, 21. " race of, originally German, from Waldeck, 33, 36. ii. 15, 17, 24. " religion of, under S. Louis, 21. " rise of, 250 A.D., 7, 8; 33. ii. 17. " settled in France, 6. " extension of power, to the Loire, 8. " " " to the Pyrenees, 8. " Gaul becomes France, 64. iii. 16. " the Rhine refortified against them, 38 n., 41. ii. 28, 31. " tribes of, Gibbon on the, 33-4. ii. 18. " weapons of the, Achon and Francisca, 42. ii. 32, 33.
French character, early, 8. " " its activity, 40. ii. 29. " " its loyalty, "good subjects of a good king," 40. ii. 29. " " makes perfect servants, 39. ii. 28. " " its innate truth, 52. ii. 33. " frogs, 41. ii. 30. " liberty and activity, 30. ii. 29. " " equality, and fraternity, under Clovis, 47. ii. 42. " politeness, 32. ii. 15. " religion, old and new, 117. iv. 41. " Revolution, "They may eat grass," 20. " " a revolt against lies, 33. ii. 16. " " and irreligion, 95-104. iv. 7, 23.
Froissart, quoted, 43. ii. 33.
Fulda, towns on the, 36. ii. 24.
Future life, recognition of the dead in a, 139. iv. 60.
Gabriel, the Angel, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 132. iv. 50.
Gascons, the, not really French, 10.
Gauls, the, in France, 6. " become French, 64. iii. 16. " meaning of the word, 29 sq. ii. 8. " and Rome, 29. ii. 9.
Gentillesse, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 118. iv. 41.
Geoffrey, Bishop (see "S. Geoffrey").
Geometry, from Egypt, 71. iii. 27.
Germany, Alemannia, 34. ii. 19. " and the Franks, 9; 32 n. 33. ii. 15, 17. " and Rome, 29. ii. 9. " domestic manners of, 38. ii. 23. " dukedoms of, small, 34. ii. 19. " geography of, 35. ii. 20. " geology of, 37. ii. 25. " maps of, 34. ii. 19. " mountains of, 36. ii. 23. " railroads of, 34. ii. 19. " S. Martin, and the Emperor of, 19 " tribes, Germanic, 33. ii. 18.
Gibbon's "Roman Empire." (a) its general character; (b) references to it (a) its general character:— contempt for Christianity, 49. ii. 44. its errors, 72 n. iii. 29 n. inaccurate generalization, 66 n. iii. 23-4. its epithets always gratis, 44. ii. 34. no fixed opinion on anything, 41 n. ii. 31 n. not always consistent, 45. ii. 38. satisfied moral serenity of, 37. ii. 27. sneers of, 50. ii. 48. style, rhetorical, 44, 45, 50; 67. ii. 35, 37; 47. iii. 21. (b) references to, in present book:— on Angouleme, its walls falling (xxxviii. 53),[73] 50 n. ii. 47. on asceticism (xxxvii. 72), 72 n. iii. 29. Christianity (xv. 23, 33), 77. iii. 39. Clovis (xxxviii. 17), 49, 51. ii. 45-6, 49. Egypt and monasticism (xxxvii. 6), 71. iii. 27. Europe, divisions of (xxv.), 68. iii. 23. " nations of (lvi.), 65 n. iii. 19. Franks, the:— " their armour (xxxv. 18), 43. ii. 34-5. " " aspect (xxxv. 18), 45-46. ii. 36-8. " " character (xix. 79, 80), 45-46. ii. 36-8. " " freemen (x. 73), 41 n. ii. 31. " " rise (x. 69), 33. ii. 17. " crossing the Rhine (xix. 64), 41 n. ii. 31. after Tolbiac (xxxviii. 24), 50. ii. 52. Gnostics (xv. 23, 33), 78 n. iii. 39.
[Footnote 73: The references to Gibbon in this index are to the chapters of his history, together with the number of the note nearest to which the quotation occurs.]
Gibbon's Justinian (xl. 2), 32 n. ii. 15. miracles (xxxviii. 53), 50 n. ii. 47, monasticism (xxxvii.), 70 sq. iii. 26. monkish character (xxxvii. 72), 72 n. iii. 29. Roman Empire and its divisions (xxv. 29), 67. iii. 21-2. Scots and Celts (xxv. 109, 111), 69 n. iii. 24 n. Theodobert's death (xli. 103), 31 n. ii. 11 n. Theodoric, government of (xxxix. 43), 54. ii. 53. " at Verona (xxxix. 19), 54. ii. 54. Tolbiac, battle of (xxxviii. 24), 53. ii. 52.
Gideon and the dewy fleece, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 133. iv. 51.
Gilbert, Mons., on Amiens Cathedral, 99. iv. 14. " " " " the bronze tombs in, 103. iv. 23.
Ginevra and Imogen, 27. ii. 3.
Giotto, scriptural teaching of, 81. iii. 46.
Globe, divisions of the, 61. iii. 8.
Gnostics, 78. iii. 39.
God's kingdom in our hearts, 87. iii. 54.
Godfrey (see "S. Geoffroy").
Gonfalon standard, the, 119. iv. 41.
Gothic architecture, aim of a builder of, 89. iv. 2. " cathedral, the five doors of a, 107. iv. 28. " classic and Arab, 63. iii. 19. " and Classic Europe, 62. iii. 11. " wars with Rome, 66. iii. 20.
Goths, the: see "Ostrogoths," "Visigoths."
Gourds, of Amiens, 124. iv. 43.
Government, and nationality, 64. iii. 15.
Goyer, Mons. (bookseller), Amiens, 120. iv. 41.
Grass, pillage of, and Clovis, 20.
Greek, the alphabet how far, 68. iii. 22. " all Europe south of Danube is, 62, 68. iii. 12, 22. " imagination in Europe, 66. iii. 20. " myths and Christian legends, 86. iii. 53.
Greeks, the, and Roman Empire, 31. ii. 12.
Greta and Tees, 36. ii. 24.
Guards, the Queen's (in Ireland, 1880), pref. i.
Guelph, etymology of, 129. iv. 46.
Guinevere, 27. ii. 3.
Habakkuk, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 125. iv. 43.
Haggai, " " " 126. iv. 43.
Hair, Frankish manner of wearing the, 45. ii. 36; 125 n. iv. 43.
Hartz mountains, 35. ii. 20.
Hedgehog and bittern, 126. iv. 43.
Heligoland, 31. ii. 12.
Henry VIII. and the Pope, 119. iv. 41.
Heraldry, English leopard from France, 42. ii. 31. " Frankish, early, 40, ii. 30 " French colours, 27. ii. 3. " " " 42. ii. 32. " Uri, shield of, 31 n. ii. 11.
Hercules and the Nemean Lion, 87. iii. 54.
Herod, and the three Kings (Amiens Cathedral), 132 sq. iv. 50-1.
Herodotus on Egyptian influence in Greece, 71. iii. 27.
Hilda, derivation of, 51. ii. 48.
Hildebert, derivation of, 51. ii. 48.
Hildebrandt, derivation of, 51. ii. 48.
History, division of, into four periods of 500 years each, 26. ii. 1. " how it is usually written, 12-13. " how it should be written, pref. i. 12. " popular, its effect on youthful minds, 12. " should record facts, not make reflections, 70. iii. 26. " " " " " or suppositions, 74 n. iii. 33.
Holy Land, 63. iii. 14.
Honour, of son to father, 101. iv. 17.
Hope, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 119. iv. 41.
Hosea, " " " 122. iv. 43.
Huet. Alexander, and Amiens Cathedral choir, 91 n. iv. 5.
Humanity, its essentials (love, sense, discipline), 138. iv. 59.
Humility, no longer a virtue, 59. iii. 4. " sculpture of, Amiens Cathedral, 121. iv. 41.
Huns, the, in France, 10.
Idolatry and Atheism, 119. iv. 41. " figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 119. iv. 41. " and symbolism, distinct, 112. iv. 36.
Illyria, 68. iii. 23.
Immortality, 32. ii. 13.
India and England, 64. iii. 16.
Indians, North American, 51. ii. 48.
Infidelity, modern, 20, 39. ii. 28. " " 58. iii. 2.
Ingelow, Miss, quoted, "Songs of Seven," 28. ii. 4.
Innocents, the Holy (Amiens Cathedral), 134. iv. 51.
Inscription on tombs of Bishops Everard and Geoffroy, 104. iv. 24, 26.
Inspiration of acts and words, not distinct, 83. iii. 48. " of Scripture, modern views of, 83. iii. 48.
Invasion is not possession of a country, 66. iii. 16.
Ireland and England, 1880, pref. iii., iv.; 60. iii 6. " tribes of, in early Britain, 69 n. iii. 24.
Isaiah, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 115, 121. iv. 38, 42.
Italy, under the Ostrogoths, 64. iii. 16.
Jacob's pillow, 70. iii. 26.
Jameson, Mrs., "Legendary Art" quoted, 17, 20.
Jeremiah, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 115, 121. iv. 38, 42.
Jerusalem, fall of, 77. iii. 39.
Jews, the, and Assyria, 65. iii. 18.
Jews, the, return to Jerusalem, 77, iii. 39. " " substitute usury for prophecy, 66. iii. 19.
Joan of Arc, 29. ii. 7; 55. ii. 55; 95. iv. 7.
Joel, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 123. iv. 43.
Johnson, Dr., 101 n. iv. 17.
Jonah, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 124. iv. 43.
Julian, the Emperor, rejects auguries, 70 n. iii. 26. " " and Constantius, 41 n. ii. 31. " " death of, 363 A.D., 75, 76. iii. 34, 36. " " defeats the Franks, 358 A.D., 44. ii. 35. " " refortifies the Rhine against the Franks, 38 n. ii. 28. " " and S. Martin, 16. " victory of, at Strasbourg, 44. ii. 35.
Justinian, a Dacian by birth, 32 n. ii. 15. " means "upright," 32 n. ii. 15.
Kaltenbacher, Mons., photographs of Amiens Cathedral, 130. iv. 47.
Karr, Alphonse, his work and the author's sympathy with it, 22. " " his 'Grains de Bons Sens,' 'Bourdonnements,' 33.
Kempis, Thomas a, 80. iii, 44.
Kingliness, 48. ii. 43.
Kings, the three (Amiens Cathedral), 132-4. iv. 50-51.
Knighthood, belted, meaning of, 44. ii. 34.
Knowledge, true, is of virtue, pref. v.
Laon cathedral, legend of, and oxen, 118 n. iv. 41. n.
Latin and English compared, 104. iv. 24 sq.
Law, the force of, and government, 64. iii. 15. " old and new forms of, 48. ii. 43.
Lear, King, story of, reduced to its bare facts, 11-12.
Legends, whether true or not, immaterial, 15, 16, 18; 86-87. iii. 54. " modern contempt for, 129. iv. 46. " rationalization of, its value, 50. n. ii. 47.
Leopard, English heraldic, 42. ii. 31.
Leucothea, 27. ii. 3.
Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite, 47. ii, 42.
Liberty, and activity, 40. ii. 29. " and "franchise," 38, 38 n. ii. 27, 28 n.
Libya, 63. iii. 13. " and Vandal invasion, 64. iii. 16.
Lily on statue of David, Amiens Cathedral, 110. iv. 32.
Limousins, 10.
Lion, under feet of Christ, Amiens Cathedral, 111. iv. 34.
Literature and art, distinct mental actions, 82. iii. 47. " and the Bible, 85. iii. 51. " cheap (penny edition of Scott), 60. iii. 7.
Louis, derivation of, 51. ii. 48.
—— I., of France, 47. ii. 40.
—— VIII., 100. iv. 16. (See "St. Louis.")
Love, divine and human (Amiens Cathedral), 118. iv. 41. " no humanity without it, 138. iv. 59.
Luca della Robbia, 81. iii. 46.
Luini, 81. iii. 46.
Lune, the river, 2.
Lust (Amiens Cathedral), 120. iv. 41.
Lydia, 62. iii. 12.
Madonna, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 94. iv. 7. " porch to, " " 107. iv. 28. " three types of (Dolorosa, Reine, Nourrice), 131. iv. 49. " worship of, and its modern substitutes, 131. iv. 48.
Malachi, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 127. iv. 43.
Man, races of, divided by climate, 61. iii. 8.
Man's nature, 58. iii. 1.
Manchester, 59. iii. 3.
Map-drawing, 60. iii 7. " of English dominions (Sir E. Creasy), 59-60. iii. 5-6. " of France, 8. " on Mercator's projection, 59-60. iii. 6.
Marquise, village near Calais, 10.
Martin's, John, "Belshazzar's feast," 122. iv. 42.
Martinmas, 18.
Martyrdom, the lessons of, 135. iv. 53.
Martyrs, female, many not in calendar, 29. ii. 7.
Meleager, 31. ii. 11.
Memory, "Memoria technica," 26. ii. 1.
Mercator, 60. iii. 6.
Merovee, seizes Amiens, on death of Clodion, 447 A.D., 7, 21.
Micah, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 124. iv. 43.
Millennium, the, 86. iii. 54.
Milman's History of Christianity, 68-70 n., 73. iii. 22, 26, 32. " " " on Rome in time of St. Jerome, 75-76. iii. 35.
Milton's "Paradise Lost," and the Bible, 80. iii. 44. " " " quoted, 118. iv. 41.
Mind, disease of, noble and ignoble passion, 72. iii. 29.
Mines, coal, Plimsoll on, 48. ii. 42.
Missals, atheism represented as barefoot in, of 1100-1300, 119. ii. 41.
Modernism, avarice and pride of, 111. iv. 35. See "Christianity," "Commerce," "England," "History," "Humility," "Infidelity," "Philosophy," "Public Opinion," "Science."
Moesia, and the alphabet, 68. iii. 22.
Monasteries of Italy, made barracks of, 72 n. iii. 29.
Monasticism, its rise, 70-71. iii. 26-8.
Monks, type of character of, 72 n. iii. 29; 137. iv. 56. " orders of, the main, 137. iii. 26.
Months, the, quatrefoils illustrative of (Amiens Cathedral), 130. iv. 47.
Morality, natural to man, 138. iv. 59. " and religion, 138. iv. 58.
More, Sir Thomas, execution of, 48. ii. 43.
Morocco, extent of, 63. iii. 13.
Moses, 70. iii. 26. " and Aaron, 133. iv. 51. " and the burning bush, 133. iv. 51.
"Mysteries of Paris," 28. ii. 5.
Nahum, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 125. & n. iv. 43 & n.
Names, Frankish, etymology of, 51. ii. 48.
Nanterre, village of S. Genevieve, 28, 29. ii. 5, 8.
Nationality, depends on race and climate, not on rule, 64. iii. 15-16.
Nemean Lion, 86. iii. 53.
Netherlands, the, 37. ii. 26.
Nineveh, the beasts in, 126. iv. 43. " the burden of, 125. iv. 43.
Nitocris, 29. ii. 6.
Nogent, Benedictine abbey of, 52. ii. 49.
Nomad tribes of northern Europe, 30. ii. 10.
Normans, rise of the, 31. ii. 12.
[Greek: Nous], 138 n. iv. 59 n.
Obadiah, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 123. iv. 43.
Obedience, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 118. iv. 41.
Odoacer, ends Roman Empire in Italy, 8; 67. iii. 21.
Orcagna, 81. iii. 46.
Origen, 81. iii. 47.
Ostrogoths, 3. ii. 12. " defeat Clovis at Aries, 50. ii. 47.
"Our Fathers have told us," how begun, its aim and plan, pref. iii. " " general plan of, Appendix iii. " " plan for notes to, 21.
Oxen, story of, and Laon Cathedral, 118. iv. 41. " patience of, 118. iv. 41.
Oxford, the "happy valley," 92-93. iv. 6.
Palestine, 63. iii. 14.
Palgrave, Sir F., on Arabia, 64-65 & n. iii. 17-18 & n. " " on the camel, 118-119. iv. 41.
Papacy, origin of the, 76. n. iii. 35.
Paris, church of S. Genevieve at, 55. ii. 55. " the Isle of France, 138. iv. 58. " the model of manners, 138. iv. 58. " print-shops at, 118. iv. 41.
Patience, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 118. iv. 41.
Peasant life of early Europe, 32, sq. ii. 13.
Perseverance, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 119. iv. 41.
Persia, the real power of the East, 65. iii. 18.
Philip the Wise, of France, 100-101. iv. 16-17.
Philistia, 63. iii. 14.
Philosophy, modern, its manner of history, 12.
Phoenix, the, and chastity, 120. iv. 41.
Photographs of Amiens Cathedral, 117 n. iv. 41 n.; 122 n. iv. 43 n.; 130. iv. 130. And see Appendix II.
"Pilgrim's Progress," 16.
Pillage of subjects, to punish kings, 53. ii. 51.
Plimsoll, on coal mines, 48. ii. 42.
Poets, the three Christian-heathen, 102. iv. 20.
Poitiers, battle of, 508 A.D., Clovis and Alaric, 9, 21. " " and the walls of Angouleme, 50 n. ii. 47. " " 1356 A.D., Froissart on, 43. ii. 33.
Polacks, the, 31. ii. 12.
Politicians, their proper knowledge, pref. v.
Politics: see "England."
Posting days, Calais to Paris, 10.
Power, motive of desire for, 74. iii. 33.
Praise, all great art, act, and thought is, pref. v.
Prayer, George Chapman's last, 102. iv. 20.
Pride, and avarice, 111. iv. 35. " faults and virtues of, 104-105. iv. 24. " infidelity of, and the cockatrice, 110. iv. 33; 121. iv. 41.
Priestly ambition, 74. iii. 33.
Probus, the Emperor, 32 n. ii. 15; 67. iii, 21.
Prophets, figures of the, Amiens Cathedral, general view of, 114. iv. 39. " " " " in detail, 121-122. iv. 42-3.
Protestantism, and the study of the Bible, 80. iii. 45. " and popular histories, 12. " and priestly ambition, 74. iii. 33. " and Roman Catholicism, 137. iv. 57. " views of S. Jerome, 73. iii. 31.
Provence, early, 8, 9.
Providence, God's, and history, 13.
Psalms, the scope of the, 85, iii. 50.
Public opinion, callousness of modern, 48. ii. 42.
Purgatory, doctrine of, 136 n. iv. 55 n.
Puritan malice, 34. ii. 19.
Quaker, preaching at Matlock, 83 n. iii. 48.
Queen's Guards, in Ireland, 1880, pref. iii.
Races of Europe, divided by climate, 61. iii. 9. See "Climate."
Rachel, the Syrian, 63. iii. 14.
Railroads, modern, of Germany, 59. iii. 4. " travelling by, I, 3.
Raphael's Madonnas, 131. iv. 49.
Rebellion, figure of, Amiens Cathedral, 119. iv. 41.
Religion, definition of true, 138-139. iv. 60. (And see "Bible," "Christianity," "Inspiration," "Protestantism.") " to desire the right, 82. iii. 48. " common idea that our own enemies are God's also, 14. " and morality, 138. iv. 58. " natural, 102. iv. 20. " of Arabia, 65. iii. 19. " of Egypt, 63. iii. 13. " Eastern and Western, Col. Butler on, 21 n.
Restoration, modern, 107 n. iv. 27 n.
Rheims, Clovis crowned at, 9. " " enriches church of, 52. ii. 49.
Rheims Cathedral, 88. iv. 1. " " its traceries, 97. iv. 11.
Rhine, the, refortified by Julian, 38 n., 41. ii. 31. " " tribes from Vistula to, 30. ii. 10.
Right and left, in description of cathedrals, 107. iv. 28.
Rivers, strength and straightness, 61 n. iii. 10.
Robert, of Luzarches, builder of Amiens Cathedral, 97. iv. 12.
Roman Catholics, half Wellington's army Irish, pref. iv. " " and Protestantism, 137. iv. 57. " " servants, 72. iii. 29.
Roman Emperors, five, from Dacia, 32 n. ii. 15. " " as supreme Pontiffs, 75. iii. 35.
Roman Empire, divisions of (Illyria, Italy, Gaul), 67. iii. 21-2. " " Eastern and Western division, 67. iii. 21. " " end of the, 66-67. iii. 20-21. " " fall of, 31. ii. 12. " " " and Julian and the augurs, 70. iii. 26. " " its main foes, 30. ii. 9. " " its true importance, 66. iii. 20. " " a power, not a nation, 65. iii. 19 n.
Roman Empire, power of, in France, ended, 481 A.D., 4, 6-8 sq. " " " in Italy, ended, 476 A.D., 8.
Roman gate of Twins, at Amiens, 14.
"Romaunt of Rose," quoted, 39. ii. 28 n.
Rome, aspect of the city, in time of S. Jerome, 75. iii. 35. " gives order to Europe, as Greece imagination, 66. iii. 20. " wild nations opposed to, 30. ii. 9.
Romsey, 3.
Rose, on statue of David, Amiens Cathedral, 109-110. iv. 32.
Rosin forest, 35. ii. 20-1.
Royalties, taxes and, 47. ii. 41.
Roze, Pere, on Amiens Cathedral, 98. iv. 13; 104 n. iv. 24 n.; 125. iv. 43.
S. Acheul, near Amiens, 128-129. iv. 45-6.
S. Agnes, character of, 27. ii. 3.
S. Ambrogio, Verona, plain of, 54, ii. 54.
S. Augustine, his first converts, 18. " and S. Jerome, 81. iii. 47. " town of Hippo, 63. iii. 13.
S. Benedict, born 481 A.D., 27. ii. 3; 70. iii. 26.
S. Clotilde, of France, 51. ii. 48.
S. Cloud, etymology of, 51. ii. 48.
S. Domice, 128. iv. 44.
S. Elizabeth, 132. iv. 50.
S. Elizabeth, of Marburg, 35-6. ii. 21-3.
S. Firmin, his history, 5; 99. iv. 14; 128. iv. 45. " beheaded and buried, 5. " his Roman disciple, 5. " his grave, 5-6; 129. iv. 46. " and S. Martin, compared, 17, 18. " porch to, Amiens Cathedral, 107. iv. 28; 127 sq. iv. 44. " sculpture of, Amiens Cathedral, 5.
—— Confessor, 128. iv. 44-6.
S. Fuscien, 128. iv. 44.
S. Genevieve, actually existed, 29. ii. 7. " biographies of her, numerous, 29. ii. 7. " birth of, 421 A.D., 27. ii. 3. " birthplace of, Nanterre, 28. ii. 5. " character of, 28, 29. ii. 5-7. " church to, at Paris, 55. ii. 55. " and Clovis and his father, 55. ii. 55. " conversion of, by S. Germain, 28. ii. 5. " a pure Gaul, 29, 33. ii. 8, 15. " of what typical, 27. ii. 3. " peacefulness, 29. ii. 6. " quiet force, 29. ii. 7.
S. Genevieve, S. Phyllis, 28. ii. 5.
S. Gentian, 128. iv. 44.
S. Geoffroy, Bishop of Amiens, history of, 128. iv. 44-5. " " " tomb of (Amiens), 104-105; iv. 24, 26.
S. Germain converts S. Genevieve, on his way to England, 28. ii. 6.
S. Hilda (Whitby Cliff), 51. ii. 48.
S. Honore, 128. iv. 44-5. " porch to, Amiens Cathedral, 95. iv. 7.
S. James, apostle of hope, 120. iv. 41.
S. Jerome, his Bible, 70, 76, 77, 78. iii. 26, 36, 37-40. " gives the Bible to the West, 50. ii. 47. " Galatians, commentary on Epistle to the, 81. iii. 47. " character of, candour its basis, 76. iii. 36. " childhood and early studies, 75. iii. 34-5. " death of, at Bethlehem, 78. iii. 40. " Hebrew, studied by, 77. iii. 38. " not a mere hermit, 73. iii. 31. " his lion, 86. iii. 53. " Milman, Dean, on, 74. iii. 32 sq. " protestant view of, 73. iii. 31. " Queen Sophia's letter to Vota on, 81. iii. 47. " scholarship, will not give up his, 76. iii. 36. " style of writing shown, 81. iii. 47.
S. John, the apostle of love, 112. iv. 37. " his greatness, 101. iv. 16.
S. Louis, religion under, 21 n.
S. Mark's, Venice, Baptistery of and the virtues, 112 n. iv. 36 n.
S. Martin, baptism and conversion of, 15. " character of, gentle and cheerful, 17, 19. " " patient, 29. ii. 7. " " serene and sweet, 17. " cloak given to the beggar by, 332 A.D., 15. " Clovis and, 20. " Devil, answer to the, 17. " drinks to a beggar, 19. " fame of, universal (places called after), 18. " history of, how relevant to this book, 20. " 's Lane, London, 18. " and Julian, 16. " Tours, his abbey there, 20. " " and bishopric, 16, 20. " vision of, 15. " wine, the patron of, 18, 19.
S. Nicholas," "Journal de, 120 n. iv. 41.
S. Peter, Apostle of courage, 112. iv. 37.
S. Quentin, 128. iv. 44.
S. Remy crowns Clovis, 9. " preaches to Clovis, 13. " and the Soissons vase, 47. ii. 41.
S. Sauve 100, 128. iv. 14, 44.
S. Simeon, 132. iv. 50.
S. Ulpha, 128, 129. iv. 44, 46.
S. Victoric, 128. iv. 44.
Salian, epithet of the French, 40, 41. ii. 30-31. |
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