63 c. Macart. 1068 (Law)

64 (Plut. Solon 21. ἐν τῷ γένει τοῦ τεθηκότος ἔδει τὰ χρήματα καταμένειν. Plato, Laws 925. A heiress must marry a citizen. In the Gortyn laws, if any one marry the heiress contrary to law, the next of kin shall have the property).

M33 and amongst the Israelites. M34 The levirate proper not found in Greece. M35 The widow returned to her guardian.

65 Dem. c. Macart. 1076. Widow only allowed to remain in her deceased husband's house on plea of pregnancy and under the guardianship of the archon.

Dem. c. Boeot. 1010. Wife leaves her husband's house and is portioned out again by her brothers.

66 Cf. Ord. of Manu v. 147-8. "No act is to be done according to (her) own will by a young girl, a young woman, or even by an old woman, though in (their own) houses.

"In her childhood (a girl) should be under the will of her father; in her youth, of her husband; her husband being dead, of her sons; a woman should never enjoy her own will."

67 Dem. c. Spoud. 1029. Father takes away daughter and gives her to another.

Cf. also Dem. c. Eubulid. 1311.

Isaeus, v. 10. By coming into an inheritance from his first cousin, a man also becomes guardian (ἐπίτροπος καὶ κύριος) of his three female first cousins, though all married.

68 Dem. pro Phormio. 953.

69 As in Isaeus, ii. 7 and 8.

70 ix. 70. &c.

M36 Marriage of near relations.

71 vii. 11 and 12.

M37 The levirate among the Israelites. M38 The case of Tamar.

72 Gen. xxxviii. 10.

M39 The case of Ruth.

73 Ruth i. 8-12.

74 For the meaning of ἀγχιστεύς see below p. 55.

M40 Dependence on the next of kin. M41 The son of the heiress must leave his father's house,

75 xi. 49.

M42 and enter that of the deceased relative

76 Isaeus, vii. 31.

77 c. Macart. 1077.

M43 Hence the custom of adoption.

78 Dem. c. Leochar. 1093. ἐκ τῶν κατὰ γένος ἐγγυτάτω εἰσποιεῖν υἱὸν τῷ τετελευτηκότι ὅπως ἄν ὁ οἶκος μὴ ἐξερημωθῇ.

79 Is. x. 17.

M44 The introduction of the heir to the kindred.

80 Arist. Pol. 1, 2, 4 Ἡ κτῆσις μέρος τῆς οἰκίας ἐστί.

M45 The same for true as for adopted son. M46 The ceremony at Athens;

81 Is. ii. 14.

82 Is. vii. 1, 16, 13 and 27.

83 Dem. c. Eubulid. 1315.

84 Is. vi. 25.

85 Andoc. de Myst. 126.

86 Dem. c. Macart. 1054 and 1078.

87 Dem. c. Leoch. 1091. Isaeus iii. 80 and viii. 18.

M47 and at Gortyn;

88 Isaeus ix. 7 (Astyph.) τελευτήσαντι αὐτῷ καὶ τοῖς ἐκείνου προγόνοις τά νομιζόμενα ποισει.

89 Isaeus vi. 44; ix. 2 and 33; x. 2 and 4. Dem. c. Leoch. passim. Cf. Manu, ix. 142.

90 Dem. c. Leoch. 1094, 1099, and (lex Solonis) 1100.

91 Ib. 1090.

M48 and also in India.

92 Mayne on Hindu Law (1892), p. 105 and 162.

93 Op. cit. p. 141-2 and 189. Manu ix. 142. He offers no cake to his original ancestors.

M49 The introduction to the deme. M50 The custom of tonsure.

94 Thes. 5.

95 ἀπάρχεσθαι: in Homer to "begin" a sacrifice by offering the hair of the victim. Later, to "dedicate."

96 Il. ii. 542 ὄπιθεν κομόωντες.

97 Herod, iii. 8. The Arabs cut their hair in a ring away from the temples.

98 Il. xxiii. 141-6.

99 Paus. i. 37, 3.

100 Char. 21.

101 Deipnosoph. xi. 88.

102 Manu ii. 65.

103 Cf. ii. 38. This was the last year that a Brahman could receive investiture.

104 Isaeus, vi. 10.

105 Anc. Grk. Inscr. Brit. Mus. cccxv. cccxvii. and cccxviii. Oath of mother required before legitimacy registered, in the island of Kalymna.

106 Cf. Aristot. Ath. Pol. xlii.

107 Isaeus, iii. 75.

108 Ib. vi. 47. Cf. Deuteronomy xxiii. i.

M51 Liability for bloodshed rested on a group of kinsmen.

109 Robertson Smith, Kinship, &c. in Arabia, p. 262.

110 Dem. in Euerg. and Mnesib. 1160.

111 Dem. Macart. 1069. Cf. Deut. xxi. 1-9.

112 Cf. Od. iii. 195.

M52 No ransom for murders within the tribe;

113 Il. ix. 63. ἀφρήτωρ, ἀθέμιστος, ἀνέστιός ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος, ὅς πολέμου ἔραται ἐπιδημίου ὀκρυόεντος.

114 Il. xiii. 695. Cf. xv. 335.

115 Il. xvi. 572.

116 Il. ii. 662.

117 Cf. Od. xiii. 259, xiv. 380.

M53 or between citizen and citizen.

118 Quoted in Dem. c. Aristocrat. 629.

119 Laws 865 d.

120 Ib. 871. Soph. O.C. 407. Oedipus could not be buried on Theban soil, because he had shed ἔμφυλον αἷμα.

121 Cf. Aeschines in Ctesiph. 244.

122 ix. 17-19. Cf. Dem. c. Pantaen. 983, 59.

123 Plato, Laws 871 D.

124 Plato, Laws 871 B. Cf.868.

125 Ib. 872 E. Cf. Tacitus, Germania, 21. Suscipere tam inimicitias seu patris seu propinqui quam amicitias necesse est. Nec implacabiles durant: luitur enim etiam homicidium certo armentorum ac pecorum numero, recipitque satisfactionem universa domus, utiliter in publicum, quia periculosiores sunt inimicitiae juxta libertatem.

126 Ib. 873 E.

127 Herod. i. 44.

M54 All kinsmen were not equally responsible. M55 The unity of the οἶκος.

128 v. infra p. 90 et seq.

129 c. Leoch. 1083.

130 Dem. c. Macart. 1055-6.

131 Isaeus, viii. 32.

M56 Grades of kinship in Western Europe. M57 The position of the great-grandson, M58 in Wales,

132 Venedotian Code, ii. xii.

133 Lady Charlotte Guest's Mabinogion, p. 234.

M59 and in feudal Normandy. M60 The custom of parage.

134 cxxviii-cxxxi.

M61 Co-heritage in Wales.

135 Dimetian Code, ii. xxiii.

M62 Degrees of relationship in India.

136 Manu, ix. 186.

137 Manu, iii. 5.

138 Manu v. 60.

M63 Four generations share in the cake-offering. M64 Similar grouping of the pourers of the water libation.

139 Gwentian Code, ii. viii.

M65 The οἶκος includes four generations.

140 Dem. c. Makart. 1076.

M66 The ἀγχιστεία at Athens.

141 Cf. infra, tree on p. 62.

142 Dem. c. Makart. 1055-6.

143 Dem. c. Makart. 1077.

144 Id. 1078 et seq.

M67 The right of succession limited to the great-grandchild of the common ancestor. M68 The law according to Isaeus.

145 Isaeus, vii. 22, and xi. i.

146 Isaeus, xi. 30.

M69 The law according to Demosthenes.

147 c. Makart. 1067.

148 In Dem. c. Leochar. 1088. ἀνεψιαδοῦς is used to denote the relationship of a man to the adopted son of his great-uncle, or, as we should say, first cousin once removed.

M70 No ἀγχιστεία beyond great-grandsons.

149 c. Makart. 1053.

M71 The heir always ranked as son.

150 Dem. c. Makart. and c. Leoch. 1100, &c.

M72 Hence the limit of the inheritance at cousin's children. M73 Disinheritance must be sanctioned by kinsmen.

151 The wife's kin are no kin to her husband, but are to her son.

152 Plato, Laws, 929 c. Trans. Jowett.

M74 The case of the estate of Hagnias in Isaeus and Demosthenes.

153 Dem. c. Makart. 1058.

154 Id. 1070.

155 Mentioned in Dem. c. Makart. 1056.

M75 Equal division amongst heirs of the same grade. M76 The share of a dead son taken by his children.

156 Supra, p. 56.

M77 If sons all dead, grandsons probably divided per capita, M78 as in the case of nephews and cousins.

157 c. Makart. 1068, supra, p. 26.

M79 Purity of tribal blood jealously guarded. M80 In Wales, privileges attained in the fourth generation by intermarriages.

158 Welsh Laws, iv. i. and x. vii. Exception is made for the son of a stranger chieftain.

159 Welsh Laws, v. ii. and Vened. Code, ii. xvi. and elsewhere.

M81 Otherwise not until the tenth generation.

160 Welsh Laws, v. ii.

161 Welsh Laws, xiii. ii.

162 Venedotian Code, ii. xiv. and Gwentian Code, ii. xxx. Cf. the Shunammite's cry unto the King for restoration of her house and fields after an absence of seven years. 2 Kings viii. 3.

M82 The same rule amongst the Israelites. M83 Shorter time in special cases.

163 Gen. xlviii. 5. Cf. Pindar, Ol. viii. 46. Troy to be subdued by children of Aeacus in first and fourth generations.

M84 The privilege of citizenship jealously guarded at Athens.

164 Dem. in Neaer. 1376.

165 Anc. Inscrip. Brit. Mus. ccxxxviii. Citizenship had to be confirmed on son of foreigner admitted to citizenship.

M85 Abhorrence of alien blood. M86 Citizenship only conferred as the highest honour. M87 Qualification dependent on ancestry and status of family.

166 Ath. Pol. lv. 3.

167 Cf. Pollux, viii. 85: εἰ Ἀθηναῖοί εἰσιν ἑκατερωθεν ἐκ τριγονίας.

168 Cf. Aristot. Pol. iii. 2: ὁρίζονται δὲ πρὸς τὴν χρῆσιν πολίτην τὸν ἔξ ἀμφοτέρων πολιτῶν καὶ μὴ θατέρου μόνον, οἷον πατρὸς ἢ μητρός, οἳ δὲ καὶ τοῦτ᾽ ἐπὶ πλέον ζητοῦσιν, οἷον ἐπὶ πάππους δύο ἢ τρεῖς ἢ πλείους.

M88 Fourth generation acquired new privilege or status.

169 Oed. Tyr. 742 and 1063 quoted by Hearn, Aryan Household, p. 206.

θάρσει; σὺ μὲν γὰρ οὐδ᾽ ἐὰν τρίτης ἐγὼ μητρὸς φανῶ τρίδουλος, ἐκφανεῖ κακή ...

Cf. Demosth. 1327. πονηρὸς ἐκ τριγονίας.

170 Handbuch der Griechischen Staatsalterthuemer, von G. Gilbert, ii. p. 298, quotation from Dittenberger 371, 4 ff.:—(ὁ) πριάμε(νος τ)ὴν ἱερητείαν τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος τῆς Περ(γα)ίας π(αρ)έξετα(ι ἱ)έρειαν ἀστὴν ἐξ ἀστῶν ἀμφοτέρων ἐπὶ (τ)ρεῖς γενεὰς γεγενημένην καὶ πρὸς πατρὸς καὶ πρὸς μητρός.

171 Nehemiah vii. 64.

M89 Seventh generation in the Ordinances of Manu.

172 Manu, x. 64.

M90 All within the ἀγχιστεία were liable.

173 Plato's Laws, ix. 871 B.

174 Cf. 868.

175 872 E.

176 878 D.

M91 The Law of Draco.

177 Dem. c. Makart, 1069.

There is some uncertainty in the text of this passage, but the following is Blass' reading adopted by Kohler:—προειπεῖν τῷ κτείναντι ἐν ἀγορᾷ ἐντὸς ἀνεψιότητος καὶ ἀνεψιοῦ συνδίωκειν δὲ καὶ ἀνεψιοὺς καὶ ἀνεψιῶν παῖδας καὶ ἀνεψιαδοῦς καὶ γαμβροὺς καὶ πενθέρους καὶ φράτορας.

I am indebted to Mr. J. W. Headlam for this information, and also for the fact of the discovery of the confirmatory inscription.

178 Dem. c. Euerg. et Mnesib. 1161. κελεύει ὁ νόμος τοὺς προσήκοντας ἐπεξιέναι μέχρι ἀνεψιαδῶν; καὶ ἐν τῷ ὅρκῳ διορίζεται ὅτι προσήκων ἐστι etc.... Cf. Pollux, viii. 118 (obviously quoting this passage).

M92 The case of murder within the ἀγχιστεία.

179 Laws, 877 c.

180 Cf. 2 Sam. xiv. 7. House extinguished for fratricide.

M93 The blood-fine or galanas in Wales.

181 Dimetian Code, ii. i.

182 Gwentian Code, ii. viii. Cf. Sapinda and Samanodaka: both owe rites at death of kinsman. Manu, ix. 186, and v. 60, quoted above.

183 Venedotian Code, iii. i.

M94 Defilement rested upon the group of kinsmen.

184 Inscript. Jurid. Grecques par Dareste, &c., 1891, p. 10. Inscription found at Iulis in Keos. Fifth century B.C. Cf. Numbers xix. 14.

185 c. Makart. 1071.

M95 The mother's relations included in Greece and in Wales.

186 Welsh Laws, vol. i. 229. Cf. Ord. of Manu, ix. 201, where list of those incapable of receiving inheritance includes eunuchs.

M96 The usual holding of a citizen was called a κλῆρος or "lot."

187 ὁ περὶ τῶν κλήρων καὶ ἐπικλήρων. Pol. Ath. 9.

M97 The relation of ownership of land to the structure of the family.

188 Cf. Cic. de Legibus ii. 21. Nam sacra cum pecunia pontificum auctoritate, nulla lege conjuncta sunt.

189 Dem. in Calliclem, 13-14. Coulanges, Problemes d'Histoire, p. 19.

190 Arist. Pol. Ath. lv. 3; Harpocration, ὅτι δὲ τούτοις μετῆν τῆς πολιτείας οἷς εἴη Ζεὺς ἑρκεῖος, δεδήλωκε καὶ Ὑπερείδης ...

191 In other words, the devisee could not possess the property devised to him until his place as heir in the succession by blood or adoption was legally established.

192 Isaeus, i. 17. The "friendship" insured that his presence and officiating at the tomb would be acceptable to the soul of the deceased—always an important consideration.

M98 Early semi-pastoral habits.

193 Thuc. i. 2. Νεμόμενοί τε τὰ αὑτῶν ἔκαστοι ὅσον ἀποζῇν, καὶ περιουσίαν χρημάτων οὐκ ἔχοντες οὐδὲ γῆν φυτεύοντες, ἄδηλον ὃν ὁπότε τις ἐπελθὼν καὶ ἀτειχίστων ἅμα ὄντων ἄλλος ἀφαιρήσεται.

194 Od. 21. 16. Cf. Il. xi. 682 sq. where the booty consists of 50 herds of kine, 50 flocks of sheep, 50 droves of swine, 50 flocks of goats, and 150 chestnut mares, many with foals at foot.

195 Il. xx. 216-8.

196 Il. xxi. 602. Cf. Od. iii. 495.

M99 Modern methods of land-tenure in Greece and the islands.

197 Consular Reports, p. 20.

198 Ibid.

M100 Family-holdings in Santa Maura.

199 P. 199.

200 Consular Reports, pp. 23 and 30.

M101 The open field system in Greece, M102 and in the islands.

201 Ibid. p. 26.

202 Ibid. p. 40.

203 Ibid. p. 49.

M103 The open field system in Homer.

204 "The Homeric Land System," Journal of Hellenic Studies, 1885.

M104 Ownership of the κλῆρος vested in the head of the οἶκος.

205 Isaeus, xi. 49 (Hagnias).

206 Harp. s. v. ἀφ᾽ Ἑστίας μυεῖσθαι; Ἰσαῖος ἐν τῷ πρὸς Καλυδῶνα. ὁ ἀφ᾽ Ἑστίας μυούμενος Ἀθηναῖος ἦν πάντως. κλήρῳ δὲ λαχὼν ἐμυεῖτο.

M105 Dependence of other members of the οἶκος.

207 Isaeus, vii. 15 and 27, (Apollod.)

208 1055 et seq. Cf. 1149 where one brother lives with his father after the division, whilst his brother has a house of his own: and 1086 where two brothers live apart but with undivided estate.

M106 The prerogative of the eldest brother,

209 Il. xv. 187 sq.

210 Ib. xiii. 355.

211 Cf. the use of ἠθεῖος ("revered") as the stock epithet of the eldest brother in Homer Il. vi. 518, and elsewhere. Pollux, On. 3, 24, states that this is the right use of the word.

M107 contrasted with the power of the head of the household.

212 Od. xiii. 142.

213 Il. iv. 59 sq.

Καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ θεός εἰμι, γένος δὲ μοι ἔνθεν, ὅθεν σοι; καὶ με πρεσβυτάτην τέκετο Κρόνος ἀγκυλομήτης, ἀμφότερον, γενεῇ τε καὶ οὕνεκα σὴ παράκοιτις κέκλημαι; σὺ δὲ πᾶσι μετ᾽ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀνάσσεις.

214 Od. i. 397, cf. ix. 115.

215 xxix. Εἰς Ἑστίαν.

Ἑστιη, ἣ πάντων ἐν δώμασιν ὑψηλοῖσιν ἀθανάτων τε θεῶν χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων τ᾽ ἀνθρώπων ἕδρην ἀίδιον ἔλαχε, πρεσβηίδα τιμὴν, καλὸν ἔχουσα γέρας καὶ τίμιον; οὐ γὰρ ἄτερ σοῦ εἰλαπίναι θνητοῖσιν, ἵν᾽ οὐ πρώτῃ πυμάτῃ τε Ἑστίῃ ἀρχόμενος σπένδει μελιηδέα οἶνον.

216 Pol. I. 2, 6. πᾶσα γὰρ οἰκία βασιλεύεται ὑπὸ τοῦ πρεσβυτάτου. Cf. use of πρεσβεύεσθαι in Aesch. Ag. 1300, Choeph. 486 and 631.

217 Gortyn Law, iv. 24, supra p. 47.

M108 No joint holding between a father and his sons.

218 In the island of Tenos, according to an inscription of the second or third century B.C., the transfer of undivided fractions of houses and property was of exceedingly common occurrence. Sales are recorded of a fourth part of a tower and cistern; half a house, lands, tower, &c. Inscr. Jurid. Gr.: Dareste, &c. p. 63.

M109 Confirmatory evidence of the Gortyn Laws.

219 Gortyn Laws, iv. 29-31.

M110 But the land was in theory inalienable from the family.

220 Cf. Ordinances of Manu, ix. 213-4. "If an eldest (brother), through avarice, commit an injury against his younger (brothers), he should be made a not-eldest and shareless, and be put under restraint by kings."

"None of the brothers who perform wrong acts deserve (share in) the property, ..."

221 Laws, 877 c.

222 Lev. xxv. 25; Jerem. xxxii. 8.

M111 Close analogy in the custom of Gavelkind in Kent.

223 Another version runs: "The fader to the bonde And the son to the londe."

Sandys, History of Gavelkind, 1851, pp. 5 and 150.

M112 Allotment or "gift" to a bastard son. M113 But he was not admitted to his father's family.

224 Od. xiv. 209. Cf. Pindar, Ol. ix. 95-100. Bastard prince named after his mother's father and given one πόλιν λαόν τε διαιτᾶν.

225 Is. vi. 23.

226 Cf. Eur. Ion 1541.

... τοῦ θεοῦ δὲ λεγόμενος οὐκ ἔσχες ἄν ποτ᾽ οὔτε παγκλήρους δόμους οὔτ᾽ ὄνομα πατρός.

M114 Gifts of land to new citizens.

227 See inscriptions quoted in Mittheilungen Athen. vol. 9, pt. 1, p. 60. εὐεργέτῃ γενομενῳ τῆς πόλεως δοῦναι πολιτείαν, κλῆρον ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ, οἰκίην, κῆπον κυάμων διηκοσίων ἀμφορέων, ἀτέλειαν ... αὐτῷ καὶ ἐκγόνοις.

... δοῦναι ἡμικλήριον δασείης κτήνειον (?) ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ, οἰκίην, κῆπον κυάμων ἀμφορέων ἑκατὸν, &c. ... αὐτῷ καὶ ἐκγόνοις.

Cf. Cauer Delect. 221. αὐτοῖ καὶ ἐκγόνοις, καὶ ἔγκτησιν γᾶς καὶ οἰκίας καὶ ἐπινομίας, &c. ... and 232.

Do. 395 (4th cent. B.C.). So many plethra each ἔχειν πατρουέαν τὸμ πάντα χρόνον.

Do. 27. The importance of the grant of ἔγκτησις must lie in its being the evidence of admission to full privilege. V. infra, p. 139.

M115 Dependence of sons during their father's life.

228 p. 122, note A.

229 Manu, ix. 104-106.

M116 His property divided amongst them at his death.

230 iv. 184. "An elder brother is equal to a father."

M117 But special respect shown to the eldest son.

231 ix. 182.

232 iii. 171-2.

233 ix. 110 and 213.

234 ix. 111.

M118 The duties of the householder.

235 iii. 77 et seq.

236 vi. 90.

237 iii. 67, 70, and 72.

M119 Honour paid to the guest.

238 iii. 108.

239 Elektra, 784.

240 Elektra, 637.

241 Od. viii. 546. ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνός θ᾽ ἱκέτης τε τέτυκται ἀνέρι, ὅς τ᾽ ὀλίγον περ ἐπιψαύῃ πραπίδεσσιν.

242 Od. iii. 30-80.

M120 Right of maintenance of the younger members of the family.

243 Cf. Manu, ix. 163. "The son of the body is the one and only lord of the paternal wealth: but to do the others no harm he should afford (them something) to support life."

244 Manu, ix. 115.

245 ix. 214.

246 ix. 118.

247 ix. 47.

248 ix. 210.

249 ix. 209.

250 ix. 208. Though viii. 416 states the contrary. "A wife, son, and slave are said to be without property: whatever property they acquire is his to whom they (belong)."

251 ix. 207.

M121 The βασιλεύς and his τέμενος contrasted with the tribesman and his κλῆρος.

252 Il. xx. 165.

M122 The possessions of the βασιλεύς.

253 Od. xiv. 96.

254 Il. vi. 194.

255 Il. ix. 574; cf. xx. 184.

256 Il. xiv. 121.

257 Or "belonging to a basileus."

258 Cf. Il. xi. 67. "As when reapers over against each other drive their swaths through the ploughland of a rich man of wheat and barley, and thick fall the handfuls"...

This contrast is drawn by Professor Ridgeway: op. cit. p. 19 Journal of Hellenic Studies, 1885.

M123 The κλῆρος of the tribesman probably in the open fields in the plain.

259 Il. xviii. 541.

260 Il. xxi. 602.

261 Ridgeway, op. cit.

262 Plato, Laws, 842. E. Διὸς ὁρίου πρῶτος νόμος ὅδε εἰρήσθω; μὴ κινείτω γῆς ὅρια μηδεὶς ... νομίσας τὸ τἀκίνητα κινεῖν τοῦτο εἶναι ... καταφρονήσας δὲ, διτταῖς δίκαις ἔνοχος ἔστω, μιᾷ μὲν παρὰ θεῶν, δευτέρᾳ δὲ ὑπὸ νόμου.

263 Il. xi. 558.

264 Il. xii. 421; v. Ridgeway, op. cit.

265 Isaeus, ix. 17-19.

266 πίονες ἀγροί. Il. xxiii. 832. v. Ridgeway, op. cit. p. 16.

M124 The βασιλεύς "honoured like a god with gift of a τέμενος."

267 Il. xii. 313. Cf. Il. ix. 297. A good king also has power over the crops, etc., to bring plenty. See Od. xix. 110-5. Frazer, Golden Bough, i. 8 et seq.

268 Il. vi. 191.

269 Il. xii. 313. καὶ τέμενος νεμόμεσθα μέγα (not τεμένεα).

270 Od. vi. 291-3. Xenophon states that choice portions of land in the territory of many neighbouring towns were set apart for the king of Sparta. Rep. Laced. xv. 3.

271 Od. xi. 184.

M125 The τέμενος descended from father to son.

272 Il. xx. 391, ὅθι τοι τέμενος πατρώιόν ἐστιν.

273 τὸ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ ἀπὸ προγόνων.

274 Vide Il. ii. 46 and 101-8. Agamemnon's σκῆπτρον πατρῴιον had been handed down to him in succession from Thyestes, Atreus, Pelops, Hermes, and Zeus, for whom it had been made by Hephaistos.

275 Od. i. 386. Cf. Od. ii. 22. δύο δ᾽ αἰὲν ἔχον πατρώια ἔργα.

Cf. Od. i. 407. ποῦ δέ νύ οἱ γενεὴ καὶ πατρὶς ἄρουρα?