E. S. T.

Arabic Numerals.—With regard to the subject of Arabic numerals, and the instance at Castleacre (Vol. ii., pp. 27. 61.), I think I may safely say that no archaeologist of the present day would allow, after seeing the original, that it was of the date 1084, even if it were not so certain that these numerals were not in use at that time. I fear "the acumen of Dr. Murray" was wasted on the occasion referred to in Mr. Bloom's work. It is a very far-fetched idea, that the visitor must cross himself to discover the meaning of the figures; not to mention the inconvenience, I might say impossibility, {340} of reading them after he had turned his back upon them,—the position required to bring them into the order 1084. It is also extremely improbable that so obscure a part of the building should be chosen for erecting the date of the foundation; nor is it likely that so important a record would be merely impressed on the plaister, liable to destruction at any time. Read in the most natural way, it makes 1480: but I much doubt its being a date at all. The upper figure resembles a Roman I; and this, with the O beneath, may have been a mason's initials at some time when the plaister was renewed: for that the figures are at least sixty years later than the supposed date, Mr. Bloom confesses, the church not having been built until then.

X.P.M.

* * * * *

CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE.

(Vol. ii., pp. 99. 122. 142. 187. 233.)

I confess, after having read MR. J.G. NICHOLS' critique in a recent number of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," relative to the locality of the first printing-press erected by Caxton in this country, I am not yet convinced that it was not within the Abbey of Westminster. From MR. NICHOLS' own statements, I find that Caxton himself says his books were "imprynted" by him in the Abbey; to this, however, MR. NICHOLS replies by way of objection, "that Caxton does not say in the church of the Abbey."

On the above words of Caxton "in the Abbey of Westminster," Mr. C. Knight, in his excellent biography of the old printer, observes, "they leave no doubt that beneath the actual roof of some portion of the Abbey he carried on his art." Stow says "that Caxton was the first that carried on his art in the Abbey." Dugdale, in his Monasticon, speaking of Caxton, says, "he erected his office in one of the side chapels of the Abbey." MR. NICHOLS, quoting from Stow, also informs us that printing-presses were, soon after the introduction of the art, erected in the Abbey of St. Albans, St. Augustin at Canterbury, and other monasteries; he also informs us that the scriptorium of the monasteries had ever been the manufactory of books, and these places it is well known formed a portion of the abbeys themselves, and were not in detached buildings similar to the Almonry at Westminster, which was situated some two or three hundred yards distant from the Abbey. I think it very likely, when the press was to supersede the pen in the work of book-making, that its capabilities would be first tried in the very place which had been used for the object it was designed to accomplish. This idea seems to be confirmed by the tradition that a printer's office has ever been called a chapel, a fact which is beautifully alluded to by Mr. Creevy in his poem entitled The Press:—

"Yet stands the chapel in yon Gothic shrine, Where wrought the father of our English line, Our art was hail'd from kingdoms far abroad, And cherish'd in the hallow'd house of God; From which we learn the homage it received And how our sires its heavenly birth believed. Each printer hence, howe'er unblest his walls, E'en to this day, his house a chapel calls."

Mr. Nichols acknowledges that what he calls a vulgar error was current and popular, that in some part of the Abbey Caxton did erect his press, yet we are expected to submit to the almost unsupported dictum of that gentleman, and renounce altogether the old and almost universal idea. With respect to his alarm that the vulgar error is about to be further propagated by an engraving, wherein the mistaken draftsman has deliberately represented the printers at work within the consecrated walls of the church itself, I may be permitted to say, on behalf of the painter, that he has erected his press not even on the basement of one of the Abbey chapels, but in an upper story, a beautiful screen separating the workplace from the more sacred part of the building.

JOHN CROPP.

* * * * *

COLD HARBOUR.

(Vol. i., p. 60.; Vol. ii., p. 159.)

I beg leave to inform you that Yorkshire has its "Cold Harbour," and for the origin of the term, I subjoin a communication sent me by my father:—

"When a youngster, I was a great seeker for etymologies. A solitary farm-house and demesne were pointed out to me, the locality of which was termed Cad, or Cudhaber, or Cudharber. Conjectures, near akin to those now presented, occurred to me. I was invited to inspect the locality. I dined with the old yeoman (aged about eighty) who occupied the farm. He gave me the etymology. In his earlier days he had come to this farm; a house was not built, yet he was compelled by circumstances to bring over part of his farming implements, &c. He, with his men-servants, had no other shelter at the time than a dilapidated barn. When they assembled to eat their cold provisions, the farmer cried out, 'Hegh lads, but there's cauld (or caud) harbour here.' The spot had no name previously. The rustics were amused by the farmer's saying. Hence the locality was termed by them Cold Harbour, corrupted, Cadharber, and the etymon remains to this day. This information put an end to my enquiries about Cold Harbour."

C.M.J.

Cold Harbour.—The goldfinches which have remained among the valleys of the Brighton Downs during the winter are called, says Mr. {341} Knox, by the catchers, "harbour birds, meaning that they have sojourned or harboured, as the local expression is, here during the season." Does not this, with the fact of a place in Pembroke being called Cold Blow, added to the many places with the prefix Cold, tend to confirm the supposition that the numerous cold harbours were places of protection against the winter winds?

A.C.

With regard to Cold Harbour (supposed "Coluber," which is by no means satisfactory), it may be worth observing that Cold is a common prefix: thus there is Cold Ashton, Cold Coats, Cold or Little Higham, Cold Norton, Cold Overton, Cold Waltham, Cold St. Aldwins, —coats, —meere, —well, —stream, and several cole, &c. Cold peak is a hill near Kendall. The latter suggests to me a Query to genealogists. Was the old baronial name of Peche, Pecche, of Norman origin as in the Battle Roll? From the fact of the Peak of Derby having been Pech-e ante 1200, I think this surname must have been local, though it soon became soft, as appears from the rebus of the Lullingstone family, a peach with the letter e on it. I do not think that k is formed to similar words in Domesday record.

Caldecote, a name of several places, may require explanation.

AUG. CAMB.

I beg to give you the localities of two "Cold Harbours:" one on the road from Uxbridge to Amersham, 191/2 miles from London (see Ordnance Map 7.); the other on the road from Chelmsford to Epping, 131/2 miles from the former place (see Ordnance Map No. 1. N.W.).

DISS.

There are several Cold Harbours in Sussex, in Dallington, Chiddingly, Wivelsfield, one or two in Worth, one S.W. of Bignor, one N.E. of Hurst Green, and there may be more.

In Surrey there is one in the parish of Bletchingley.

WILLIAM FIGG.

There is a farm called Cold Harbour, near St. Albans, Herts.

S.A.

After the numerous and almost tedious theories concerning Cold Harbours, particularly the "forlorn hope" of the Coal Depots in London and elsewhere, permit me to suggest one of almost universal application. Respecting here-burh, an inland station for an army, in the same sense as a "harbour" for ships on the sea-coast, a word still sufficiently familiar and intelligible, the question seems to be settled; and the French "auberge" for an inn has been used as an illustration, though the first syllable may be doubtful. The principal difficulty appears to consist in the prefix "Cold;" for why, it may be asked, should a bleak and "cold" situation be selected as a "harbour"? The fact probably is that this spelling, however common, is a corruption for "COL.". Colerna, in Wiltshire, fortunately retains the original orthography, and in Anglo-Saxon literally signifies the habitation or settlement of a colony; though in some topographical works we are told that it was formerly written "Cold Horne," and that it derives its name from its bleak situation. This, however, is a mere coincidence; for some of these harbours are in warm sheltered situations. Sir R.C. Hoare was right when he observed, that these "harbours" were generally near some Roman road or Roman settlement. It is therefore wonderful that it should not at once occur to every one conversant with the Roman occupation of this island, that all these "COL-harbours" mark the settlements, farms, outposts, or garrisons of the Roman colonies planted here.

J.I.

Oxford.

Cold Harbour.—Your correspondent asks whether there is a "Cold Harbour" in every county, &c. I think it probable, though it may take some time to catalogue them all. There are so many in some counties, that ten on an average for each would in all likelihood fall infinitely short of the number. The Roman colonists must have formed settlements in all directions during their long occupation of so favourite a spot as Britain. "Cold Harbour Farm" is a very frequent denomination of insulated spots cultivated from time immemorial. These are not always found in cold situations. Nothing is more common than to add a final d, unnecessarily, to a word or syllable, particularly in compound words. Instances will occur to every reader, which it would be tedious to enumerate.

J.I.

After reading the foregoing communications on the subject of the much-disputed etymology of COLD HARBOUR, our readers will probably agree with us in thinking the following note, from a very distinguished Saxon scholar, offers a most satisfactory solution of the question:—

With reference to the note of G.B.H. (Vol. i, p. 60.) as well as to the very elaborate letter in the "Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries" (the paper in the Archaeologia I have not seen), I would humbly suggest the possibility, that the word Cold or Cole may originally have been the Anglo-Saxon Col, and the entire expression have designated a cool summer residence by a river's side or on an eminence; such localities, in short, as are described in the "Proceedings" as bearing the name of Cold Harbour.

The denomination appears to me evidently the modern English for the A.-S. Col Hereberg. Colburn, Colebrook, Coldstream, are, no doubt, analagous denominations.

[Greek: PH.]

* * * * * {342}

ST. UNCUMBER.

(Vol. ii., p. 286.)

PWCCA, after quoting from Michael Wodde's Dialogue or Familiar Talke the passage in which he says, "If a wife were weary of her husband she offred otes at Paules in London to St. Uncumber," asks "who St. Uncumber was?"

St. Uncumber was one of those popular saints whose names are not to be found in any calendar, and whose histories are now only to be learned from the occasional allusions to them to be met with in our early writers,—allusions which it is most desirable should be recorded in "NOTES AND QUERIES." The following cases, in which mention is made of this saint, are therefore noted, although they do not throw much light on the history of St. Uncumber.

The first is from Harsenet's Discoverie, &c., p.l34.:

"And the commending himselfe to the tuition of S. Uncumber, or els our blessed Lady."

The second is from Bale's Interlude concerning the Three Laws of Nature, Moses, and Christ:

"If ye cannot slepe, but slumber, Geve Otes unto Saynt Uncumber, And Beanes in a certen number Unto Saynt Blase and Saynt Blythe."

I will take an early opportunity of noting some similar allusions to Sir John Shorne, St. Withold, &c.

WILLIAM J. THOMS.

* * * * *

HANDFASTING.

(Vol. ii., p. 282.)

JARLTZBRG, in noticing this custom, says that the Jews seem to have had a similar one, which perhaps they borrowed from the neighbouring nations; at least the connexion formed by the prophet Hosea (chap. iii., v. 2.) bears strong resemblance to Handfasting. The 3rd verse in Hosea, as well as the 2nd, should I think be referred to. They are both as follows:

"So I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver, and for an homer of barley, and an half homer of barley: and I said unto her, Thou shalt abide for me many days; thou shalt not play the harlot, and thou shalt not be for another man; so will I also be for thee."

Now by consulting our most learned commentators upon the meaning which they put upon these two verses in connexion with each other, I cannot think that the analogy of JARLTZBERG will be found correct. In allusion to verse 2, "so I bought her," &c., Bishop Horsley says:

"This was not a payment in the shape of a dowry; for the woman was his property, if he thought fit to claim her, by virtue of the marriage already had; but it was a present supply of her necessary wants, by which he acknowledged her as his wife, and engaged to furnish her with alimony, not ample indeed, but suitable to the recluse life which he prescribed to her."

And in allusion, in verse 3., to the words "Thou shall abide for me many days," Dr. Pocock thus explains the context:

"That is, thou shalt stay sequestered, and as in a state of widowhood, till the time come that I shall be fully reconciled to thee, and shall see fit again to receive thee to the privileges of a wife."

Both commentators are here evidently alluding to what occurs after a marriage has actually taken place. Handfasting takes place before a marriage is consummated.

A chapter upon marriage contracts and ceremonies would form an important and amusing piece of history. I have not Picart's Religious Ceremonies at hand, but if I mistake not he refers to many. In Marco Polo's Travels, I find the following singular, and to a Christian mind disgusting, custom. It is related in section l9.:—

"These twenty days journey ended, having passed over the province of Thibet, we met with cities and many villages, in which, through the blindness of idolatry, a wicked custom is used; for no man there marrieth a wife that is a virgin; whereupon, when travellers and strangers, coming from other places, pass through this country and pitch their pavilions, the women of that place having marriageable daughters, bring them unto strangers, desiring them to take them and enjoy their company as long as they remain there. Thus the handsomest are chosen, and the rest return home sorrowful, and when they depart, they are not suffered to carry any away with them, but faithfully restore them to their parents. The maiden also requireth some toy or small present of him who hath deflowered her, which she may show as an argument and proof of her condition; and she that hath been loved and abused of most men, and shall have many such favours and toys to show to her wooers, is accounted more noble, and may on that account be advantageously married; and when she would appear most honourably dressed, she hangs all her lovers' favours about her neck, and the more acceptable she was to many, so much the more honour she receives from her countrymen. But when they are once married, they are no more suffered to converse with strange men, and men of this country are very cautious never to offend one another in this matter."

J.M.G.

Worcester, Oct. 1850.

The curious subject brought forward by J.M.G. under this title, and enlarged upon by JARLTZBERG (Vol. ii., p. 282.), leads me to trouble you with this in addition. Elizabeth Mure, according to the History and Descent of the House of Rowallane by Sir William Mure, was made choyce of, for her excellent beautie and rare virtues, by King Robert II., to be Queen of Scotland; and if their union may be considered to illustrate in any way the singular custom of Handfasting, it will be seen {343} from the following extract that they were also married by a priest:—

"Mr. Johne Lermonth, chapline to Alexander Archbishop of St. Andrews, hath left upon record in a deduction of the descent of the House of Rowallane collected by him at the command of the said Archbishop (whose interest in the familie is to be spoken of heirafter), that Robert, Great Stewart of Scotland, having taken away the said Elizabeth Mure, drew to Sir Adam her father ane instrument that he should take her to his lawful wife, (which myself hath seen saith the collector), as also ane testimonie written in latine by Roger Mc Adame, priest of our Ladie Marie's chapel (in Kyle), that the said Roger maried Robert and Elizabeth forsds. But yrafter durring the great troubles in the reign of King David Bruce, to whom the Earl of Rosse continued long a great enemie, at perswasion of some of the great ones of the time, the Bishop of Glasgow, William Rae by name, gave way that the sd marriage should be abrogate by transaction, which both the chief instrument, the Lord Duglasse, the Bishope, and in all likelihood the Great Stewart himself, repented ever hereafter. The Lord Yester Snawdoune, named Gifford, got to wife the sd Elizabeth, and the Earl of Rosse's daughter was maried to the Great Stewart, which Lord Yester and Eupheme, daughter to the Earle of Rosse, departing near to one time, the Great Stewart, being then king, openly acknowledged the first mariage, and invited home Elizabeth Mure to his lawfull bed, whose children shortlie yrafter the nobility did sweare in parliament to maintaine in the right of succession to the croune as the only lawfull heirs yrof."

"In these harder times shee bare to him Robert (named Johne Fairneyear), after Earle of Carrick, who succeeded to the croune; Robert, after Earl of Fyffe and Maneteeth, and Governour; and Alexander, after Earle of Buchane, Lord Badyenoch; and daughters, the eldest maried to Johne Dumbar, brother to the Earl of March, after Earle of Murray, and the second to Johne the Whyt Lyon, progenitor of the House of Glames, now Earle of Kinghorn."

So much for the marriage of Elizabeth Mure, as given by the historian of the House of Rowallane. Can any of your readers inform me whether Elizabeth had any issue by her second husband, Lord Yester Snawdoune? If so, there would be a relationship between Queen Victoria and the Hays, Marquesses of Tweeddale, and the Brouns, Baronets of Colstoun. One of the latter family received as a dowry with a daughter of one of the Lords Yester the celebrated WARLOCK PEAR, said to have been enchanted by the necromancer Hugo de Gifford, who died in 1267, and which is now nearly six centuries old. In the Lady of the Lake, James Fitz-James is styled by Scott "Snawdon's knight;" but why or wherefore does not appear, unless Queen Elizabeth Mure had issue by Gifford. Robert II. was one of three Scottish kings in succession who married the daughters of their own subjects, and those only of the degree of knights; namely, David Bruce, who married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Loggie; Robert II., who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Adam Mure; and Robert III., who married Annabell, daughter to Sir John Drummond of Stobhall.

SCOTUS.

* * * * *

GRAY'S ELEGY.—DRONING.—DODSLEY'S POEMS.

(Vol. ii., pp. 264. 301.)

I only recur to the subject of Gray's Elegy to remark, that although your correspondents, A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD, and W.S., have given me a good deal of information, for which I thank them, they have not answered either of my Queries.

I never doubted as to the true reading of the third line of the second stanza of Gray's Elegy, but merely remarked that in one place the penultimate word was printed drony, and other authorities droning. With reference to this point, what I wanted to know was merely, whether, in any good annotated edition of the poem, it had been stated that when Dodsley printed it in his Collection of Poems, 1755, vol. iv., the epithet applied to flight was drony, and not droning? I dare say the point has not escaped notice; but if it have, the fact is just worth observation.

Next, any doubt is not at all cleared up respecting the date of publication of Dodsley's Collection. The Rev. J. Mitford, in his Aldine edition of Gray, says (p. xxxiii.) that the first three volumes came out in 1752, whereas my copy of "the second edition" bears the date of 1748. Is that the true date, or do editions vary? If the second edition came out in 1748, what was the date of the first edition? I only put this last question because, as most people are aware, some poems of note originally appeared in Dodsley's Collection of Poems, and it is material to ascertain the real year when they first came from the press.

THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT.

* * * * *

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.

Zuendnadel Guns (Vol. ii., p. 247.).—JARLTZBERG "would like to know when and by whom they were invented, and their mechanism."

To describe mechanism without diagrams is both tedious and difficult; but I shall be happy to show JARLTZBRG one of them in my possession, if he will favour me with a call,—for which purpose I inclose my address, to be had at your office. The principle is, to load at the breach, and the cartridge contains the priming, which is ignited by the action of a pin striking against it. It is one of the worst of many methods of loading at the breach; and the same principle was patented in England by A.A. Moser, a German, more than ten years ago. {344}

It has already received the attention of our Ordnance department, and has been tried at Woolwich. The letter to which JARTZBERG refers, dated Berlin, Sept. 11., merely shows the extreme ignorance of the writer on such subjects, as the range he mentions has nothing whatever to do with the principle or mechanism of the gun in question. He ought also, before he expressed himself so strongly, to have known, that the extreme range of an English percussion musket is nearer one mile than 150 yards (which latter distance, he says, they do not exceed) and he would not have been so astonished at the range of the Zuendnadel guns being 800 yards, if he had seen, as I have, a plain English two-grooved rifle range 1200 yards, with a proper elevation for the distance, and a conical projectile instead of a ball.

The form and weight of the projectile fired from rifle, at a considerable elevation, say 25 to 30, with sufficient charge of gunpowder, is the cause of the range and of the accuracy, and has nothing whatever to do with the construction or means by which it is fired, whether flint or percussion. The discussion of this subject is probably unsuited to your publication, or I could have considerably enlarged this communication. I will, however, simply add, that the Zuendnadel is very liable to get out of order, much exposed to wet, and that it does not in reality possess any of the wonderful advantages that have been ascribed to it, except a facility of loading, while clean, which is more than counterbalanced by its defects.

HENRY WILKINSON.

Thomson of Esholt (Vol. ii., p. 268.).—Dr. Whitaker tells us (Ducatus, ii. 202.) that the dissolved priory of Essheholt was, in the 1st Edw. VI., granted to Henry Thompson, Gent., one of the king's gens d'armes at Bologne. About a century afterwards the estate passed to the more ancient and distinguished Yorkshire family of Calverley, by the marriage of the daughter and heir of Henry Thompson, Esq., with Sir Walter Calverley. If your correspondent JAYTEE consult Sims's useful Index to the Pedigrees and Arms contained in the Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum, he will be referred to several pedigrees of the family of Thomson of Esholt. Of numerous respectable families of the name of Thompson seated in the neighbourhood of York, the common ancestor seems to have been a James Thompson of Thornton in Pickering Lythe, who flourished in the reign of Elizabeth. (Vice Poulson's Holderess, vol. ii. p. 63.) All these families bear the arms described by your correspondent, but without the bend sinister. The crest they use is also nearly the same, viz., an armed arm, embowed, grasping a broken tilting spear.

No general collection of Yorkshire genealogies has been published. Information as to the pedigrees of Yorkshire families must be sought for in the well-known topographical works of Thoresby Whitaker, Hunter, &c., or in the MS. collections of Torre, Hopkinson, &c.

In the Monasticon Eboracense, by John Burton M.D., fol., York, 1778, under the head of "Eschewolde, Essold, Esscholt, or Esholt, in Ayredale in the Deanry of the Ainsty," at pp. 139. and 140., your correspondent JAYTEE will find that the site of this priory was granted, 1 Edward VI., 1547, to Henry Thompson, one of the king's gens d'armes, at Boleyn; who, by Helen, daughter of Laurence Townley, had a natural son called William, living in 1585 who, assuming his father's surname, and marrying Dorothy, daughter of Christopher Anderson of Lostock in com. Lanc. prothonotary became the ancestor of those families of the Thompsons now living in and near York. He may see also Burke's Landed Gentry, article "Say of Tilney, co. Norfolk," in the supplement.

Minar's Books of Antiquities (Vol. i., p. 277.).—A.N. inquires who is intended by Cusa in his book De Docta Ignorantia, cap. vii., where he quotes "Minar in his Books of Antiquities." Upon looking into the passage referred to, I remembered the following observation by a learned writer now living, which will doubtless guide your correspondent to the author intended:—

"On the subject of the imperfect views concerning the Deity, entertained by the ancient philosophical sects, I would especially refer to that most able and elaborate investigation of them, Meiner's very interesting tract, De Vero Deo."—(An Elementary Course of Theological Lectures, delivered in Bristol College, 1831-1833, by the Rev. W.D. Conybeare, now the Very Rev. the Dean of Llandaff. )

A.N. will not be surprised at Cusa Using the term "antiquitates" instead of "De Vero Deo," if he will compare his expressions on the same subject in his book De Venatione Sapientiae, e.g.:—

"Vides nunc aeternum illud antiquissimum in eo campo (scilicet non aliud) dulcissima venatione quaeri posse. Attingis enim antiquissimum trinum et unum."—Cap. xiv.

T.J.

Smoke Money (Vol. ii., pp. 120. 174.).—Sir Roger Twisden (Historical Vindication of the Church of England, chap. iv. p. 77.) observes—

"King Henry, 1533/4, took them (Peter's pence) so absolutely away, as though Queen Mary repealed that Act, and Paulus Quartus dealt earnestly with her agents in Rome for restoring the use of them, yet I cannot find that they were ever gathered and sent thither during her time but where some monasteries did answer them to the Pope, and did therefore collect the tax, that in process of time became, as by custom, paid to that house which being after derived to the crown, and from thence, by grant, to others, with as ample {345} profits as the religious persons did possess them, I conceive they are to this day paid as an appendant to the said manors, by the name of Smoke Money.

J.B.

Smoke Money (Vol. ii., pp. 120, 269.).—I do not know whether any additional information on smoke money is required but the following extracts may be interesting to your Querist:—

"At this daie the Bp. of Elie hath out of everie parish in Cambridgeshire a certeine tribute called Elie Farthings, or Smoke Farthings, which the church-wardens do levie, according to the number of houses or else of chimneys that be in a parish."—MSS, Baker, xxix. 326.

The date of this impost is given in the next extract:—

"By the records of the Church of Elie, it appears that in the year 1154, every person who kept a fire in the several parishes within that diocese was obliged to pay one farthing yearly to the altar of S. Peter, in the same cathedral."—MSS. Bowtell, Downing Coll. Library.

This tax was paid in 1516, but how much later I cannot say.

The readers of Macaulay will be familiar with the term "heart-money" (History, vol. i. p. 283.), and the amusing illustrations he produces, from the ballads of the day, of the extreme unpopularity of the tax on chimneys, and the hatred in which the "chimney man" was held (i. 287.) but this was a different impost frown that spoken of above, and paid to the king, not to the cathedral. It was collected for the last time in 1690, having been first levied in 1653, when, Hume tells us, the king's debts had become so—

"Intolerable, that the Commons were constrained to vote him an extraordinary supply of 1,200,000l., to be levied by eighteen months' assessment, and finding upon enquiry that the several branches of the revenue fell much short of the sums they expected, they at last, after much delay, voted a new imposition of 2s. on each hearth, and this tax they settled on the king during his life."

The Rev. Giles Moore, Rector of Horstead Keynes, Sussex, notes in his Diary (published by the Sussex Archaeological Society),—

August 18, 1663.—I payed fore 1 half yeares earth-money 3s.

Other notices of this payment may be supplied by other correspondents.

E. VENABLES.

Holland Land (Vol. ii., p. 267.).—Holland means hole or hollow land—land lower than the level of contiguous water, and protected by dykes. So Holland, one of the United Provinces; so Holland, the southern division of Lincolnshire.

C.

Caconac, Caconacquerie (Vol. ii., p. 267.).—This is a misprint of yours, or a misspelling of your correspondents. The word is cacouac, cacouacquerie. It was a cant word used by Voltaire and his correspondents to signify an unbeliever in Christianity, and was, I think, borrowed from the name of some Indian tribe supposed to be in a natural state of freedom and exemption from prejudice.

C.

Discourse of National Excellencies of England (Vol. ii., p. 248.).—A Discourse of the National Excellencies of England was not written by Sir Rob. Howard, but by RICHARD HAWKINS, Whose name appears at length in the title-page to some copies; others have the initials only.

P.B.

Saffron Bags (Vol. ii., p. 217.).—In almost all old works on Materia Medica the use of these bags is mentioned. Quincy, in his Dispensatory, 1730, p. 179., says:—

"Some prescribe it (saffron) to be worn with camphire in a bag at the pit of the stomach for melancholy; and others affirm that, so used, it will cure agues."

Ray observes (Cat. Plant. Angl., 1777, p. 84.):

"Itemque in sacculo suspenditur sub mento vel gutture ad dissipandam sc. materiam putridam et venenatam, ne ibidem stagnans, inflammationen excitet, aegrotumque strangulet."

The origin of the "saffron bag", is probably to be explained by the strong aromatic odour of saffron, and the high esteem in which it was once held as a medicine; though now it is used chiefly as a colouring ingredient and by certain elderly ladies, with antiquated notions, as a specific for "striking out" the measles in their grandchildren.

[Hebrew: t. a.]

Milton's "Penseroso" (Vol. ii, p. 153.).—H.A.B. desires to understand the couplet—

"And love the high embower'd roof, With antique pillars massy proof."

He is puzzled whether to consider "proof" an adjective belonging to "pillars," or a substantive in apposition with it. All the commentators seem to have passed the line without observation. I am almost afraid to suggest that we should read "pillars'" in the genitive plural, "proof" being taken in the sense of established strength.

Before dismissing this conjecture, I have taken the pains to examine every one of the twenty-four other passages in which Milton has used the word "proof." I find that it occurs only four times as an adjective in all of which it is followed by something dependent upon it. In three of than thus:

"—— not proof Against temptation."—Par. L. ix. 298.

"—— proof 'gainst all assaults."—Ib. x. 88.

"Proof against all temptation."—Par. R. iv. 533.

In the fourth, which is a little different, thus:

"—— left some part Not proof enough such object to sustain." Par. L. viii. 5S5.

{346} As Milton, therefore, has in no other place used "proof" as an adjective without something attached to it, I feel assured that he did not use it as an adjective in the passage in question.

J.S.W.

Stockwell, Sept. 7.

Achilles and the Tortoise (Vol. ii., p. l54.).—[Greek: Idiotes] will find the paradox of "Achilles and the Tortoise" explained by Mr. Mansel of St. John's College, Oxon, in a note to his late edition of Aldrich's Logic (1849, p. 125.). He there shows that the fallacy is a material one: being a false assumption of the major premise, viz., that the sum of an infinite series is itself always infinite (whereas it may be finite). Mansel refers to Plato, Parmenid. p. 128. [when will editors learn to specify the editions which they use?] Aristot. Soph. Eleuctr. 10. 2. 33. 4., and Cousin, Nouveaux Fragments, Zenon d'Elee.

T.E.L.L.

Stepony Ale (Vol. ii., p. 267.).—The extract from Chamberlayne certainly refers to ale brewed at Stepney. In Playford's curious collection of old popular tunes, the English Dancing Master, 1721, is one called "Stepney Ale and Cakes;" and in the works of Tom Brown and Ned Ward, other allusions to the same are to be found.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

North Side of Churchyards (Vol. ii., p. 253.).—In reference to the north region being "the devoted region of Satan and his hosts," Milton seems to have recognised the doctrine when he says—

"At last, Far in the horizon to the north appear'd From skirt to skirt a fiery region, stretched In battailous aspect, and nearer view Bristled with upright beams innumerable Of rigid spears, and helmets throng'd, and shields Various, with boastful argument pourtray'd, The banded powers of Satan hasting on With furious expedition."—Book vi.

F.E.

Welsh Money (Vol. ii., p. 231.).—It is not known that the Welsh princes ever coined any money: none such has ever been discovered. If they ever coined any, it is almost impossible that it should all have disappeared.

GRIFFIN.

Wormwood (Vol. ii., pp. 249. 315.).—The French gourmands have two sorts of liqueur flavoured with wormwood; Creme d'Absinthe, and Vermouthe. In the Almanac des Gourmands there is a pretty account of the latter, called the coup d'apres. In the south of France, I think, they say it is the fashion to have a glass brought in towards the end of the repast by girls to refit the stomach.

C.B.

Puzzling Epitaph (Vol. ii., p. 311.).—J. BDN has, I think, not given this epitaph quite correctly. The following is as it appeared in the Times, 20th Sept., 1828 (copied from the Mirror). It is stated to be in a churchyard in Germany:—

"O quid tua te be bis bia abit ra ra ra es et in ram ram ram i i Mox eris quod ego nunc." The reading is—

"O superbe quid superbis? tua superbia te superabit. Terra es et in terram ibis. Mox eris quod ego nunc."

E.B. PRICE.

October 14. 1850.

[The first two lines of this epitaph, and many similar specimens of learned trifling, will be found in Les Bigarrures et Touches de Seigneur des Accords, cap. iii., autre Facons de Rebus, p. 35., ed. 1662.]

Umbrella (Vol. ii., pp. 25. 93.).—In the collection of pictures at Woburn Abbey is a full-length portrait of the beautiful Duchess of Bedford, who afterwards married the Earl of Jersey, painted about the year 1730. She is represented as attended by a black servant, who holds an open umbrella to shade her.

Cowper's "Task," published in 1784, twice mentions the umbrella:

"We bear our shades about us; self-deprived Of other screen, the thin umbrella spread, And range an Indian waste without a tree." Book i.

In book iv., the description of the country girl, who dresses above her condition, concludes with the following lines—

"Expect her soon with footboy at her heels, No longer blushing for her awkward load, Her train and her umbrella all her care."

In both these passages of Cowper, the umbrella appears to be equivalent to what would now be called a parasol.

L.

Pope and Bishop Burgess (Vol. ii., p. 310.).—The allusion is to the passage in Troilus and Cressida:

"The dreadful sagitary appals our numbers."

which Theobald explained from Caxton, but Pope did not understand.

C.B.

[Not the only passage in Shakspeare which Theobald explained and Pope did not understand; but more of this hereafter.]

Book of Homilies (Vol. ii., p. 89.).—Allow me to inform B. that the early edition of Homilies {347} referred to in his Query was compiled by Richard Taverner, and consists of a series of "postils" on the epistles and gospels throughout the year. It appears to have been first printed in 1540 (Ames, i. 407.), and was republished in 1841, under the editorial care of Dr. Cardwell.

C.H.

St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.

Roman Catholic Theology (Vol. ii., p. 279.).—I beg to refer M.Y.A.H. to the Church History of England by Hugh Tootle, better known by his pseudonyme of Charles Dod (3 vols. folio, Brussels, 1737-42). A very valuable edition of this important work was commenced by the Rev. M.A. Tierney; but as the last volume (the fifth) was published so long ago as 1843, and no symptom of any other appears, I presume that this extremely curious book has, for some reason or other, been abandoned. Perhaps the well-known jealousy of the censor may have interfered.

A useful manual of Catholic bibliography exists in the Thesaurus Librorum Rei Catholicae, 8vo. Wuerzburg, 1850.

G.R.

Modum Promissionis (Vol. ii., p. 279.).—Without the context of the passage adduced by C.W.B., it is impossible to speak positively as to its precise signification. I think, however, the phrase is equivalent to "formula professionis monasticae." Promissio frequently occurs in this sense, as may be seen by referring to Ducange (s.v.).

C.H.

Bacon Family (Vol. ii., p. 247.).—The name of Bacon has been considered to be of Norman origin, arising from some fief so called.—See Roman de Rose, vol. ii. p. 269.

X.P.M.

Execution of Charles I. and Earl of Stair (Vol. ii., pp. 72. 140. 158.).—MATFELONENSIS speaks too fast when he says that "no mention occurs of the Earl of Stair." I distinctly recollect reading in an old life of the Earl of Stair an account of his having been sent for to visit a mysterious person of extreme old age, who stated that he was the earl's ancestor (grandfather or great-grandfather, but whether paternal or not I do not remember), and that he had been the executioner of Charles I.

T.N.

[The story to which our correspondent alludes is, probably, that quoted in Cecil's (Hone's) Sixty Curious and Authentic Narratives, pp. 138-140., from the Recreations of a Man of Feeling. The peerage and the pedigree of the Stair family alike prove that there is little foundation for this ingenious fiction.]

Water-marks on Writing-paper (Vol. ii., p. 310.).—On this subject C., will, I think, find all the information he seeks in a paper published in the Aldine Magazine, (Masters, Aldersgate-st., 1839). This paper is accompanied by engravings of the ancient water-marks, as well as those of more modern times, and enters somewhat largely into the question of how far water-marks may be considered as evidence of precise dates. They are not always to be relied upon, for in December, 1850, there will doubtless be thousands of reams of paper issued and in circulation, bearing the date of 1851, unless the practice is altered of late years. Timperley's Biographical, Chronological, and Historical Dictionary is much quoted on the subject of "Water-marks."

E.B. PRICE.

St. John Nepomuc (Vol. ii., pp. 209. 317.).—The statues in honour of this Saint must be familiar to every one who has visited Bohemia, as also the spot of his martyrdom at Prague, indicated by some brass stars let into the parapet of the Steinerne Bruecke, on the right-hand side going from Prague to the suburb called the Kleinseite. As the story goes, he was offered the most costly bribes by Wenzel, king of Bohemia, to betray his trust, and after his repeated refusal was put to the torture, and then thrown into the Moldau, where he was drowned. The body of the saint was embalmed, and is now preserved in a costly silver shrine of almost fabulous worth, in the church of St. Veit, in the Kleinseite. In Weber's Briefe eines durch Deutschland reisende Deutschen, the weight silver about this shrine is said to be twenty "centener."

C.D. LAMONT.

Satirical Medals (Vol. ii., p. 298.).—A descriptive catalogue of British medals is preparing for the press, wherein all the satirical medals relating to the Revolution of 1688 will be minutely described and explained.

G.H.

Passage in Gray (Vol. i., p. 150.).—I see no difficulty in the passage about which your correspondent; A GRAYAN inquires. The abode of the merits and frailties of the dead, i.e. the place in which they are treasured up until the Judgment, is the Divine mind. This the poet, by a very allowable figure, calls "Bosom." Homer's expression is somewhat analogous.

[Greek: "Tade panta theion en gounasi keitai."]

E.C.H.

Cupid Crying (Vol. i., pp. 172. 308.).—Another translation of the English verses, p. 172., which English are far superior to the Latin original:—

"Perchi ferisce Venere Il filio suo che geme? Diede il fanciullo a Celia Le freccie e l'arco insieme.

Sarebbe mai possibile! Ei nol voluto avea; Ma rise Celia; ei subito La Madre esser credea."

E.C.H. {348}

Anecdote of a Peal of Bells (Vol. i., p. 382.).—It is related of the bells of Limerick Cathedral by Mrs. S.C. Hall (Ireland, vol. i., p. 328. note).

M.

[Another correspondent, under the same signature, forwards the legend as follows

"THOSE EVENING BELLS."

"The remarkably fine bells of Limerick Cathedral were originally brought from Italy. They had been manufactured by a young native (whose name tradition has not preserved), and finished after the toil of many years; and he prided himself upon his work. They were subsequently purchased by a prior of a neighbouring convent, and, with the profits of this sale, the young Italian procured a little villa, where he had the pleasure of hearing the tolling of his bells from the convent cliff, and of growing old in the bosom of domestic happiness. This, however, was not to continue. In some of those broils, whether civil or foreign, which are the undying worm in the peace of a fallen land, the good Italian was a sufferer amongst many. He lost his all; and after the passing of the storm, he found himself preserved alone, amid the wreck of fortune, friends, family, and home. The convent in which the bells, the chef-d'oeuvre of his skill, were hung, was rased to the earth, and these last carried away to another land. The unfortunate owner, haunted by his memories and deserted by his hopes, became a wanderer over Europe. His hair grew gray, and his heart withered, before he again found a home and friend. In this desolation of spirit he formed the resolution of seeking the place to which those treasures of his memory had finally been borne. He sailed for Ireland, proceeded up the Shannon; the vessel anchored in the pool near Limerick, and he hired a small boat for the purpose of landing. The city was now before him; and he beheld St. Mary's steeple lifting its turreted head above the smoke and mist of the old town. He sat in the stern, and looked fondly towards it. It was an evening so calm and beautiful as to remind him of his own native haven in the sweetest time of the year—the death of spring. The broad stream appeared like one smooth mirror, and the little vessel glided through it with almost a noiseless expedition. On a sudden, amid the general stillness, the bells tolled from the cathedral; the rowers rested on their oars, and the vessel went forward with the impulse it had received. The old Italian looked towards the city, crossed his arms on his breast, and lay back on his seat; home, happiness, early recollections, friends, family—all were in the sound, and went with it to his heart. When the rowers looked round, they beheld him with his face still turned towards the cathedral, but his eyes were closed, and when they landed they found him cold in death."

MR. H. EDWARDS informs us it appeared in an early number of Chambers' Journal. J.G.A.P. kindly refers us to the Dublin Penny Journal, vol. i. p. 48., where the story is also told; and to a poetical version of it, entitled "The Bell-founder," first printed in the Dublin University Magazine, and since in the collected poems of the author, D. H. McCarthy.]

Codex Flateyensis (Vol. ii., p. 278.).—Your correspondent W.H.F., when referring to the Orkneyinga Saga, requests information regarding the Codex Flateyensis, in which is contained one of the best MSS. of the Saga above mentioned. W.H.F. labours under the misapprehension of regarding the Codex Flateyensis as a mere manuscript of the Orkneyinga Saga, whereas that Saga constitutes but a very small part of the magnificent volume. The Codex Flateyensis takes its name, as W.H.F. rightly concludes, from the island of Flatey in the Breidafiord in Iceland, where it was long preserved. It is a parchment volume most beautifully executed, the initial letters of the chapters being finely illuminated, and extending in many instances, as in a fac-simile now before me, from top to bottom of the folio page. The contents of the volume may be learned from the following lines on the first page; I give it in English as the original is in Icelandic:—

"John Hakonson owns this book, herein first are written verses, then how Norway was colonised, then of Erik the Far-travelled, thereafter of Olaf Tryggvason the king with all his deeds, and next is the history of Olaf Haraldson, the saint, and of his deeds, and therewith the history of the earls of Orkney, then is there Sverrers Saga; thereafter the Saga of Hakon the Old, with the Saga of Magnus the king, his son, then the deeds of Einar Sokkeson of Greenland, and next of Elga and Ulf the Bad; and then begin the annals from the creation of the world to the present year. John Thordarson the priest wrote the portion concerning Erik the Far-travelled, and the Sagas of both the Olaves; but Magnus Thorhallson the priest has written all that follows, as well as all that preceded, and has illuminated all (the book). Almighty God and the holy virgin mary give joy to those who wrote and to him who dictated."

A little further on we learn from the text that when the book began to be written there had elapsed from the birth of Christ 1300 and 80 and 7 years. The volume was, therefore, commenced in 1387, and finished, as we judge from the year at which the annals cease, in 1395. The death of Hakon Hakonson is recorded in the last chapters of the Saga of that name, which we see is included in the list of those contained in the Codex Flateyensis.

E. CHARLTON.

Newcastle-on-Tyne, Oct. 6. 1850.

Paying through the Nose, and Etymology of Shilling (Vol. i., p. 335.).—Odin, they say, laid a nose-tax on ever Swede,—a penny a nose. (Grimm, Deutsche Rechts Alterthuemer, p. 299.) I think people not able to pay forfeited "the prominence on the face, which is the organ of scent, and emunctory of the brain," as good Walker says. It was according to the rule, "Qui non habet in aere, luat in pelle." Still we "count" or "tell noses," when computing, for instance, how many persons of the company are to pay the reckoning. The expression is used in England, if I am rightly informed, as well as in Holland. {349}

Tax money was gathered into a brass shield, and the jingling (schel) noise it produced, gave to the pieces of silver exacted the name of schellingen (shillings). Saxo-Grammaticus, lib viii. p. 267., citatus apud Grimm, l. 1. p. 77. The reference is too curious not to note it down:—

"Huic (Fresiae) Gotricus nom tam arctam, quam inusitatam pensionem imposuit, de cujus conditione et modo summatim referam. Primum itaque ducentorum quadraginta pedum longitudinem habentis aedificii structura disponitur, bis senis distincta spatiis, quorum quodlibet vicenorum pedum intercapedine tenderetur, praedictae quantitatis summam totalis spatii dispendio reddente. In hujus itaque aedis capite regio considente quaestore, sub extremam ejus partem rotundus e regione elipeus exhibetur. Fresonibus igitur tributum daturis mos erat singulos nummos in hujus scuti cavum conjicere, e quibus eos duntaxat in censum regium ratio computantis eligeret, qui eminus exatoris aures clarioris soni crepitaculo perstrinxissent quo evenit, ut id solum aes quaestor in fiscum supputando colligeret, cujus casum remotiore auris indicio persensisset, cujus vero obscurior sonus citra computantis defuisset auditum, recipiebatur quidem in fiscum (!!!), sed nullum summae praestabat augmentum. Compluribus igitur nummorum jactibus quaestorias aures nulla sensibili sonoritate pulsantibus, accidit, ut statam pro se stipem erogaturi multam interdum aeris partem inani pensione consumerent, cujus tributi onere per Karolum postea liberati produntur."

JANUS DOUSA.

Huis te Manpadt.

Small Words (Vol. ii., p. 305.).—Some of your correspondents have justly recommended correctness in the references to authorities cited. Allow me to suggest the necessity of similar care in quotations. If K.J.P.B.T. had taken the pains to refer to the passage in Pope which he criticises (Vol. ii., p. 305.), he would have spared himself some trouble, and you considerable space. The line is not, as he puts it, "And ten small words," but—

"And ten low words oft creep in one dull line."

a difference which deprives his remarks of much of their applicability.

[Greek: PH.]

Bilderdijk the Poet (Vol. ii., p. 309.).—There are several letters from Southey, in his Life and Correspondence, written while under the roof of Bilderdijk, giving a very agreeable account of the poet, his wife, and his family.

[Greek: PH.]

Fool or a Physician (Vol. i., p. 137.; vol. ii., p. 315.).—The writer who has used this expression is Dr. Cheyne, and he probably altered it from the alliterative form, "a man is a fool or a physician at forty," which I have frequently heard in various parts of England. Dr. Cheyne's words are: "I think every man is a fool or a physician at thirty years of age, (that is to say), by that time he ought to know his own constitution, and unless he is determined to live an intemperate and irregular life, I think he may by diet and regimen prevent or cure any chronical disease; but as to acute disorders no one who is not well acquainted with medicine should trust to his own skill."

Dr. Cheyne was a medical writer of the last century.

A. G——T.

Wat the Hare (Vol. ii., p. 315.).—In the interesting, though perhaps somewhat partial, account of the unsuccessful siege of Corfe Castle, during the civil wars of the seventeenth century, which is given in the Mercurius Rusticus, there is an anecdote which will give a reply to the Query of your correspondent K. The commander of the Parliamentarian forces was Sir Walter Erle; and it was a great joke with his opponents that the pass-word of "Old Wat" had been given (by himself I believe) on the night of his last assault on the castle. The chronicler informs us that "Old Wat" was the usual notice of a hare being found sitting; and the proverbial timidity of that animal suggested some odious comparisons with the defeated general.

I have not the book at hand, but I am pretty sure that the substance of my information is correct.

C.W. BINGHAM.

Bingham's Melcombe, Blandford.

Law Courts at St. Albans (Vol. i., p. 366.).—Although unable to answer [Greek: S.], perhaps I may do him service by enabling him to put his Query more correctly. The disease which drove the lawyers from London in the 6th year of Elizabeth (1563) was not the sweating sickness (which has not returned since the reign of Edward VI.), but a plague brought into England by the late garrison of Havre de Grace. And it was at Hertford that Candlemas term was kept on the occasions. See Heylyn, Hist. Ref., ed. Eccl. Hist. Soc. ii. 401.

J.C.R.

The Troubles at Frankfort (Vol. i., p. 379.).—In Petheram's edition of this work, it is shown that Whittingham, dean of Durham, was most likely the author. That Coverdale was not, appears from the circumstance that the writer had been a party in the "Troubles," whereas Coverdale did not reside at Frankfort during any part of his exile.

J.C.R.

Standing during the Reading of the Gospel (Vol. ii., p. 246.).—

"Apostolica auctoritate mandamus, dum sancta Evangelia in Ecclesia recitantur, ut Sacerdotes, et caeteri omnes presentes, non sedentes, sed venerabiliter curvi, in conspectu Evangelii stantes Dominica verba intente audiant, et fideliter adorent."—Anastasius, i., apud Grat. Decret. De Consecrat. Dist., ii. cap. 68.

J. BE. {350}

Scotch Prisoners at Worcester (Vol. ii., p. 297.).—I cannot think that the extract from the accounts of the churchwardens of St. Margaret's, Westminster, at all justifies C.F.S. in supposing that the Scotch prisoners were massacred in cold blood. The total number of these prisoners was 10,000. Of the 1,200 who were buried, the greater part most probably died of their wounds; and though this number is large, yet we must bear in mind that in those days the sick and wounded were not tended with the care and attention which are now displayed in such cases. We learn from the Parliamentary History (xx. 58.), that on the 17th Sep. 1651, "the Scots prisoners were brought to London, and marched through the city into Tothill-fields." The same work (xx. 72.) states that "Most of the common soldiers were sent to the English Plantations; and 1500 of them were granted to the Guiney merchants and sent to work in the Gold mines there." Large numbers were also employed in draining the great level of the Fens (Wells, History of the Bedford Level, i. 228-244.). Lord Clarendon (book xiii.) says, "Many perished for want of food, and, being enclosed in little room till they were sold to the plantations for slaves, they died of all diseases."

C.H. COOPER.

Cambridge, Oct. 5. 1850.

Scotch Prisoners at Worcester.—The following is Rapin's account of the disposition of these prisoners, and even this statement he seems to doubt. (Vol. ii. p. 585.)

"It is pretended, of the Scots were slain [at Worcester] about 2000, and seven or eight thousand taken prisoners, who being sent to London, were sold for slaves to the plantations of the American isles."—Authorities referred to: Phillips, p. 608., Clarendon, iii. p. 320., Burnet's Mem. p. 432.

J.C.B.

"Antiquitas Saeculi Juventus Mundi" (Vol. ii., p. 218.).—A learned friend, who although involved in the avocations of an active professional career, delights "inter sylvas Academi quaerere verum," has favoured me with the following observation on these words:—"That the phrase Antiquitas saeculi juventus mundi is in Italics in Bacon's work does not, in my opinion, prove it to be a quotation, any more than the words ordine retrogrado in the subsequent passage. Italics were used in Bacon's time, and long afterwards, to to mark not only quotations, but emphatic words, [Greek: gnomai], and epigrammatic sentences, of which you will every where see instances. I have not the original edition of the work, but we have here[5] the rare translation into English by Gilbert Wats, Oxford, 1640, folio, through which the references to authors are given in the margin; but there is no reference appended to this passage. I cannot of course decide positively that the phrase is not a quotation, but I incline to the opinion that it is not. It may be an adaptation of some proverbial expression; but I prefer believing that it is Bacon's own mode of expressing that the present times are more ancient (i.e. full of years) than the earliest, and thus to show that the respect we entertain for authority is unfounded."

Coleridge was of the same opinion (Introd. to Encycl. Metrop., p. 19.). Had the phrase been a quotation, would not Bacon have said, "Sane ut vere dictum est," rather than "Ut vere dicamus."

T.J.

[Footnote 5: Primate Marsh's library, St. Patrick's, Dublin, which contains about 18,000 volumes, including the entire collection of Stillingfleet, Bishop of Worcester.]

The Lass of Richmond Hill (Vol. ii., p. 103.)—In reply to QUAERO, I beg to say that he will find the words of the above song in the Morning Herald of August 1, 1789, a copy of which I possess. It is here described as a "favourite song, sung by Mr. Incledon at Vauxhall; composed by Mr. Hook."

J.B.

Walworth.

* * * * *

MISCELLANEOUS.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

The importance of Winchelsea as a convenient port for communication with France, from the time of the Conquest to the close of the fifteenth century, having led to a wish for a more extended history of that town than is to be found in any work relating either to the Cinque Ports or to the county of Sussex, Mr. Durrant Cooper determined to gather together the existing materials for such a history as a contribution to the Sussex Archaeological Society. The industry, however, with which Mr. Cooper prosecuted his search after original records and other materials connected with the town and its varied history, was rewarded by the discovery of so many important documents as to render it impossible to carry out his original intention. The present separate work, entitled The History of Winchelsea, one of the Ancient Towns added to the Cinque Ports, is the result of this change; and the good people of Winchelsea have now to thank Mr. Cooper for a history of it, which has been as carefully prepared as it has been judiciously executed. Mr. Cooper has increased the amusement and information to be derived from his volume, by the manner in which he has contrived to make transactions of great historical importance illustrate his narrative of events of merely local interest.

The new edition of the Pictorial Shakspeare which Mr. Charles Knight has just commenced under the title of the "National Edition" cannot, we think, prove other than a most successful attempt to circulate among all classes, but especially among readers of comparatively small means, a cheap, well-edited, and beautifully illustrated edition of the works of our great poet. The text of the present edition is not printed, {351} like of its precursor, in double columns, but in a distinct and handsome type extending across the page; and as there is no doubt the notes will be revised so as to incorporate the amendments and elucidations of the text, which have appeared from our Colliers, Hunters, &c., since the Pictorial Shakspeare was first published, there can be little doubt but that this National Edition will meet with a sale commensurate with the taste and enterprise of its editor and publisher, Mr. Knight.

We have received the following Catalogues:—W. Waller and Son's (188. Fleet Street) Catalogue Part III. for 1850 of Choice Books at remarkably low prices, in the best condition; John Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue Part CXVI. No. 10. for 1850 of Old and New Books; Williams and Norgate's (14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue No. 1. of Second-hand Books and Books at reduced Prices.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

GRIMALDI, ORIGINES GENEALOGICAE.

ANDERSON'S ROYAL GENEALOGIES.

AN ACCOUNT OF THE REMAINS OF THE WORSHIP OF PRIAPUS, WITH A DISCOURSE ON THE MYSTIC THEOLOGY OF THE ANCIENTS. BY R. PAYNE KNIGHT, 4to. 1786.

SALVADOR'S "JESUS CHRIST ET SA DOCTRINE."

SALVADOR'S "INSTITUTIONS DE MOISE ET DU PEUPLE HEBREU."

BOSWELL'S JOHNSON. 12mo. edition. Murray, 1816. Vol. VI.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

Notices to Correspondents.

G.R.M., who inquires respecting the oft-quoted line,

"Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis,"

is referred to NOTES AND QUERIES, Vol. I., pp. 234. 419. The germ of the line is in the Delitiae Poet. Germ., under the poems of Mathias Borbonius.

VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, with Title-page and very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen.

The Monthly Part for September, being the Fourth of Vol. II., is also now ready, price 1s.

* * * * *

INDIA OVERLAND MAIL.—DIORAMA. GALLERY OF ILLUSTRATION, 14. Regent Street, Waterloo Place.—A Gigantic MOVING DIORAMA of the ROUTE of the OVERLAND MAIL to INDIA, exhibiting the following Places, viz., Southampton Docks, Isle of Wight, Osborne, the Needles, the Bay of Biscay, the Berlings, Cintra, the Tagus, Cape Trafalgar, Tarifa, Gibraltar, Algiers, Malta, Alexandria, Cairo, the Desert of Suez, the Central Station, Suez, the Red Sea, Aden, Ceylon, Madras, and Calcutta—is now OPEN DAILY.—Mornings at Twelve; Afternoons at Three; and Evenings at Eight.—Admission, 1s.; Stalls, 2s. 6d.; Reserved Seats, 3s. Doors open half an hour before each Representation.

* * * * *

JOURNAL FRANCAIS, publie a Londres.—Le COURRIER de l'EUROPE, fonde en 1840, paraissant le Samedi, donne dans chaque numero les nouvelles de la semaine, les meilleurs articles de tous les journaux de Paris, la Semaine Dramatique par Th. Gautier ou J. Janin, la Revue de Paris par Pierre Durand, et reproduit en entier les romans, nouvelles, etc., en vogue par les premiers ecrivains de France. Prix 6d.

London: JOSEPH THOMAS, 1. Finch Lane.

* * * * *

SHAKSPEARE.—An Advertisement of a New Edition of Shakspeare having appeared from Mr. Vickers of Hollywell Street, accompanied by an advertisement, in which he says he has "engaged the services," of Mr. Halliwell as editor, Mr. Halliwell begs publicly to state he has no knowledge whatever of Mr. Vickers; and that the use of Mr. Halliwell's name in that advertisement is entirely made without his authority.

Another advertisement of a similar work has been issued by Messrs. Tallis and Co. of St. John Street, London, announcing the publication by them of the Works of Shakspeare, edited, as the advertisement states, by Mr. Halliwell. This announcement has also been made entirely without Mr. Halliwell's sanction, Mr. H. having no knowledge of that firm.

Avenue Lodge, Brixton Hill, Oct. 15. 1850.

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THE CAXTON MEMORIAL.—Gentlemen are respectfully requested to withhold their subscriptions to any engraving of—

CAXTON EXAMINING THE FIRST PROOF SHEET FROM HIS PRINTING PRESS IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY, A.D. 1474,

until they have seen the celebrated picture (now on view at HENRY REMINGTON's, 137. Regent Street,) painted by W.E.H. WEHNERT.

The Engraving is now in the hands of Mr. BACON, and will be in the highest style of Mezzotinto, the size of Bolton Abbey, viz. 28 in. by 22 in. high. Prospectuses and opinions of the Press forwarded on application.

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IOLO MORGANWG.—Recollections and Anecdotes of EDWARD WILLIAMS, the Bard of Glamorgan. With Illustrations and a Copious Appendix. By ELIJAH WARING. Post 8vo., cloth, price 6s.

London: CHARLES GILPIN, 5. Bishopsgate Without.

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THE NEW SERIES OF ROYAL FEMALE BIOGRAPHIES.

LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF SCOTLAND, and English Princesses, connected with the regal succession of Great Britain. By AGNES STRICKLAND, author of "The Lives of the Queens of England."

This Series will be comprised in Six Volumes post 8vo., uniform in size with "The Lives of the Queens of England," embellished with Portraits and engraved Title-pages.

Vol. I. will be published in October.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.

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THE WEEKLY NEWS.—A Journal of the Events of the Week, Political, Scientific, Literary and Artistic; with ORIGINAL COMMENT AND ELUCIDATION by Writers of High Celebrity in their various Departments. Handsomely printed in a form fitted for Binding.

This Newspaper is prepared, with the utmost care, for the Educated Man who desires to be kept au courant with the progress of the great world in all matters of Politics, of Literature, of Art, of Science, and of Mechanical, Chemical, and Agricultural Discovery; and with all Movements and Proceedings, Professional, Collegiate, Military, Naval, Sporting, &c. Particular attention is devoted to the affairs of INDIA, AND OUR COLONIAL EMPIRE. Wherever the Englishman has planted our Laws, our Institutions, and our Language, there to us is England.

The political and social views of the WEEKLY NEWS are liberal and progressive, and in these and all other departments of thought its original papers and articles treat earnestly and candidly of the great questions. Fair space is also given to the lighter productions of writers of wit and fancy. Quarterly Subscription, 6s. 6d. Office of the WEEKLY NEWS, No. 1. Catherine Street, Strand.

* * * * *

BEST FAMILY NEWSPAPER.

BELL'S WEEKLY MESSENGER, which is now dispatched from London by the EVENING MAIL on FRIDAY, has been established more than half a century, and is admitted to be the BEST FAMILY NEWSPAPER of the day, THE MOST SCRUPULOUS CARE BEING TAKEN TO PREVENT THE ADMISSION OF ALL OBJECTIONABLE MATTER, EITHER IN THE SHAPE OF ADVERTISEMENTS OR OTHERWISE. The political principles of BELL'S WEEKLY MESSENGER are embodied in the words "Protection to all Branches of Native Industry and Capital;" but every measure calculated to promote the moral, social, and religious welfare of the community, will find in it a sincere and strenuous advocate. A SECOND EDITION is published on SATURDAY MORNING, and can be received within TWELVE MILES OF LONDON by FIVE O'CLOCK in the afternoon.—Orders received by any Newsman, or at the Office, 2. Bridge-street, Blackfriars. {352}

MR. PARKER has recently published:—

A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. Exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations, drawn from the best examples. Fifth Edition 3 vols. 8vo. cloth, gilt tops, 2l. 8s.

"Since the year 1836, in which this work first appeared, no fewer than four large editions have been exhausted. The fifth edition is now before us, and we have no doubt will meet, as it deserves, the same extended patronage and success. The text has been considerably augmented by the enlargement of many of the old articles, as well as by the addition of many new ones, among which Professor Willis has embodied great part of his Architectural Nomenclature of the Middle Ages; the number of woodcuts has been increased from 1100 to above 1700, and the work in its present form is, we believe, unequalled in the architectural literature of Europe for the amount of accurate information it furnishes, and the beauty of its illustrations."—Notes and Queries.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE By JOHN HENRY PARKER, F.S.A. 16mo. with numerous Illustrations. Price 4s. 6d.

THE PRIMEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND AND DENMARK COMPARED. BY J.J.A. WORSAAE, Member of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen, and by WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous Illustrations. 8vo. 10s.

RICKMAN'S GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. An Attempt to discriminate the different Styles of Architecture in England. By the late THOMAS RICKMAN, F.S.A. With 30 Engravings on Steel by Le Keux, &c., and 465 on Wood, of the best examples, from Original Drawings by F. Mackenzie, O. Jewitt, and P. H. Delamotte. Fifth Edition. 8vo. 21s.

THE ECCLESIASTICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL TOPOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND. Vol. I. DIOCESE OF OXFORD. 8vo. cloth, 7s. 6d.

AN INQUIRY INTO THE DIFFERENCE OF STYLE OBSERVABLE IN ANCIENT PAINTED GLASS, With Hints on Glass Painting, Illustrated by numerous coloured Plates from Ancient Examples. By an Amateur. 2 vols. 8vo. 1l. 10s.

A BOOK OF ORNAMENTAL GLAZING QUARRIES, Collected and arranged from Ancient Examples. By AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON FRANKS, B.A. With 112 Coloured Examples. 8vo. 16s.

A MANUAL FOR THE STUDY OF MONUMENTAL BRASSES, With a Descriptive Catalogue of 450 "RUBBINGS," in the possession of the Oxford Architectural Society, Topographical and Heraldic Indices, &c. With numerous Illustrations, 8vo. 10s. 6d.

A MANUAL FOR THE STUDY OF SEPULCHRAL SLABS AND CROSSES OF THE MIDDLE AGES. By the Rev. EDWARD L. CUTTS, B.A. 8vo., illustrated by upwards of 300 engravings, 12s.

THE CROSS AND THE SERPENT. Being a brief History of the Triumph of the Cross, through a long series of ages, in Prophecy, Types, and Fulfilment. By the Rev. WILLIAM HASLAM, Perpetual Curate of St. Michael's Baldiu, Cornwall. 12mo., with numerous woodcuts, 5s.

SOME OF THE FIVE HUNDRED POINTS OF GOOD HUSBANDRY, As well for the Champion or open Country, as also for the Woodland or several, mixed in every month with Huswifery, over and above the Book of Huswifery, with many lessons both profitable and not unpleasant to the reader, once set forth by THOMAS TUSSER, Gentleman, now newly corrected and edited, and heartily commended to all true lovers of country life and honest thrift. 16mo. 2s. 6d.

* * * * *

JOHN HENRY PARKER, OXFORD AND LONDON.

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Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, October 19. 1850.

THE END