T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

Grammars for Public Schools (Vol. ix., pp. 8. 209.).—Pray add this little gem to your list, now scarce:

"The Gate of Tongues Unlocked and Opened, or else A Seminarie or Seed Plot of all Tongues and Sciences, that is, a short way of teaching and thorowly learning, within a yeare and a half at the farthest, the Latin, English, French, and any other tongue, together with the ground and foundation of Arts and Sciences, comprised under an hundred Titles and 1058 Periods. In Latine first, and now as a token of thankfulnesse brought to light in Latine, English, and French, in the behalfe of the most illustrious Prince Charles, and of British, French, and Irish Youths. By the labour and industry of John Anchoran, Licentiate of Divinity, London, 1633."

Our British youths of those days seem to have been apt scholars.

I. T. ABBOTT.

Darlington.

Classic Authors and the Jews (Vol. ix., pp. 221. 384.).—Any edition of the Historiae Augustae Scriptores Sex, containing an index, ought to supply B. H. C. with a few additional references. See, for instance, the Index to the Bipont Edition, 2 vols. 8vo., [MDCCLXXXVII], under the words "Judaei," "Judaicus," "Moses."

C. FORBES.

Temple.

Hand-bells at Funerals (Vol. ii., p. 478.; Vol. vii., p. 297.).—A few years ago I happened to arrive at the small sea-port of Roscoff, near the ancient cathedral town of St. Pol de Leon in Britanny, on the day appointed for the funeral of one of the members of a family of very old standing in that neighbourhood. My attention was attracted by a number of boys running about the streets with small hand-bells, with which they kept up a perpetual tinkling. On inquiring of a friend of mine, a native of the place, what this meant, he informed me that it was an old custom in Britanny—but one which in the present day had almost fallen into disuse—to send boys round from door to door with bells to announce when a death had occurred, and to give notice of the day and the hour at which the funeral was to take place, begging at the same time the prayers of the faithful for the soul of the deceased. The boys selected for this office are taken from the most indigent classes, and, on the day of the funeral, receive cloaks of coarse black cloth as an alms: thus attired, they attend the funeral procession, tinkling their bells as they go along.

EDGAR MACCULLOCH.

Guernsey.

"Warple-way" (Vol. ix., p. 125.).—The communications of your correspondents (Vol. ix., p. 232.) can scarcely be called answers to the questions put.

I find, in Holloway's Dictionary of Provincialisms, 8vo., 1838, that a ridge of land is called, in husbandry, a warp. It is defined to be a quantity of land consisting of ten, twelve, or more ridges; on each side of which a furrow is left, to carry off the water.

Again, in Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, two volumes, 1847, it will be {479} found that warps are distinct pieces of ploughed land, separated by furrows. I think I here give the derivation and meaning, and refer to the authority. If the derivation be not here given, then I would refer to the Saxon word werpen, meaning "to cast."

Across marshy grounds, to this day, are seen ridges forming foot-paths, with a furrow on each side. A ridge of this sort would formerly be, perhaps, a warple-way. Or perhaps a path across an open common field, cast off or divided, as Halliwell mentions, by warps, would be a warple-way.

VIATOR.

Wapple-way, or, as on the borders of Surrey and Sussex it is called, waffel-way: and the gate itself, waffel-gate. If it should appear, as in the cases familiar to me, these waffel-ways run along the borders of shires and divisions of shires, such as hundreds, I would suggest that they were military roads,—the derivation waffe (Ger.), weapon.

H. F. B.

Medal of Chevalier St. George (Vol. ix., pp. 105. 311.).—With reference to the observations of your correspondents A. S. and H., I would beg to observe that, some time ago, I gave to the Museum at Winchester a medal struck on the occasion of the marriage of Prince James F. E. Stuart and M. Clementina Sobieski: on the obverse is a very striking head and bust of Clementina, with this inscription:

"Clementina, M. Britan., Fr., et Hib. Regina."

On the reverse is Clementina, driving an ancient chariot towards the Colosseum, with this inscription: on the top—

"Fortunam causamque sequor."

at the bottom—

"Deceptis Custodibus. MDCCXIX."

This latter inscription refers to her escape from Innspruck, where the princess and her suite had been detained by the emperor's orders.

This marriage, to prevent which so many efforts were made, prolonged for eighty-eight years the unfortunate House of Stuart.

E. S. S. W.

Shakspeare's Inheritance (Vol. ix., pp. 75. 154.).—Probably the following extracts from Littleton's Tenures in English, lately perused and amended (1656), may tend to a right understanding of the meaning of inheritance and purchase—if so, you may print them:

"Tenant in fee simple is he which hath lands or tenement to hold to him and his heires for ever: and it is called in Latine feodum simplex; for feodum is called inheritance, and simplex as much to say as lawful or pure, and so feodum simplex is as much to say as lawfull or pure inheritance. For if a man will purchase lands or tenements in fee simple, it behoveth him to have these words in his purchase, To have and to hold unto him and to his heires: for these words (his heires) make the estate of inheritance, Anno 10 Henrici 6. fol. 38.; for if any man purchase lands in these words, To have and to hold to him for ever, or by such words, To have and to hold to him and to his assigns for ever; in these two cases he hath none estate but for terme of life; for that, that he lacketh these words (his heires), which words only make the estate of inheritance in all feoffements and grants."

"And it is to be understood that this word (inheritance) is not only understood where a man hath lands or tenements by descent of heritage, but also every fee simple or fee taile that a man hath by his purchase, may be said inheritance; for that, thus his heires may inherite them. For in a Writ of Right that a man bringeth of land that was of his own purchase, the writ shall say, Quam clamat esse jus et haereditatem suam, this is to say, which he claimeth to be his right and his inheritance."

"Also purchase is called the possession of lands or tenements that a man hath by his deed or by his agreement, unto which possession he commeth, not by descent of any of his ancestors or of his cosins, but by his own deed."

J. BELL.

Cranbroke, Kent.

Cassock (Vol. ix., pp. 101. 337.).—A note in Whalley's edition of Ben Jonson has the following remark on this word:

"Cassock, in the sense it is here used, is not to be met with in our common dictionaries: it signifies a soldier's loose outward coat, and is taken in that acceptation by the writers of Jonson's times. Thus Shakspeare, in All's Well that Ends Well:

'Half of the which dare not shake the snow from their cassocks.'"

This is confirmed in the passage of Jonson, on which the above is a note.

"This small service will bring him clean out of love with the soldier. He will never come within the sign of it, the sight of a cassock."—Every Man in his Humour, Act II. Sc. 5.

The cassock, as well as the gown and band, seem to have been the usual attire of the clergy on all occasions in the last century, as we find from the paintings of Hogarth and the writings of Fielding, &c. When did this custom cease? Can any reader of "N. & Q." supply traditional proof of clergymen appearing thus apparelled in ordinary life?

E. H. M. L.

Tailless Cats (Vol. ix., p. 10.).—On the day on which this Query met my eye, a friend informed me that she had just received a letter from an American clergyman travelling in Europe, in which he mentioned having seen a tailless cat in Scotland, called a Manx cat, from having come {480} from the Isle of Man. This is not "a Jonathan." Perhaps the Isle of Man is too small to swing long-tailed cats in.

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

Mr. T. D. Stephens, of Trull Green, near this town, has for some years had and bred the Manx tailless cat; and, I have no doubt, would have pleasure in showing them to your correspondent SHIRLEY HIBBERD, should he ever be in this neighbourhood.

K. Y.

Taunton.

A friend of mine, who resided in the Park Farm, Kimberley, had a breed of tailless cats, arising from the tail of one of the cats in the first instance having been cut off; many of the kittens came tailless, some with half length; and, occasionally, one of a litter with a tail of the usual length, and this breed continued through several generations.

G. J.

Names of Slaves (Vol. viii., p. 339.).—I can answer the first of J. F. M.'s Queries in the affirmative; it being common to see in Virginia slaves, or free people who have been slaves, with names acquired in the manner suggested: e. g. "Philip Washington," better known in Jefferson county as "Uncle Phil.," formerly a slave of the Washingtons. A large family, liberated and sent to Cape Palmas, bore the surname of "Davenport," from the circumstance that their progenitor had been owned by the Davenports. In fact, the practice is almost universal. But fancy names are generally used as first names: e. g. John Randolph, Peyton, Jefferson, Fairfax, Carter, &c. A fine old body-servant of Col. Willis was called "Burgundy," shortened into "Uncle Gundy." So that "Milton," in the case mentioned, may have been merely the homage paid to genius by some enthusiastic admirer of that poet.

J. BALCH.

Philadelphia.

Heraldic (Vol. ix., p. 271.).—On the brass of Robert Arthur, St. Mary's, Chartham, Kent, are two shields bearing a fess engrailed between three trefoils slipped: which may probably be the same as that about which LOCCAN inquires, though I am unable to tell the colours. There are two other shields bearing, Two bars with a bordure. The inscription is as follows:

"Hic iacet dns Robertus Arthur quondam Rector isti' Eccliē qui obiit xxviii^o die marcii A^o dni Millō CCCC^oLIIII^o. Cui' aīe ppiciet' de' Amē."

F. G.

Solar Annual Eclipse of 1263 (Vol. viii., p. 441.).—Mr. Tytler, in the first volume of his History of Scotland, mentions that this eclipse, which occurred about 2 P.M. on Sunday, August 5, 1263, has been found by calculation to have been actually central and annular to Ronaldsvoe, in the Orkneys, where the Norwegian fleet was then lying: a fine example, as he justly adds, "of the clear and certain light reflected by the exact sciences on history." S. asks, is this eclipse mentioned by any other writer? As connected with the Norwegian expedition, it would seem not; but Matthew of Westminster (vol. ii. p. 408., Bohn's edit.) mentions it having been seen in England, although he places it erroneously on the 6th of the month.

J. S. WARDEN.

Brissot de Warville (Vol. ix., p. 335.).—Brissot's Memoires is a very common book in the original, and has gone through several editions. The passage quoted by N. J. A. was only an impudent excuse for an impudent assumption. Brissot, in his early ambition, wished to pass himself off as a gentleman, and called himself Brissot de Warville, as Danton did D'Anton, and Robespierre de Robespierre; but when these worthies were endeavouring to send M. de Warville to the scaffold as an aristocrat, he invented this fable of his father's having some landed property at Ouarville en Beauce (not Beance), and that he was called, according to the custom of the country, from this place, where, it seems, he was put out to nurse. When the dread of the guillotine made M. de Warville anxious to get rid of his aristocratic pretensions, he confessed (in those same Memoires) that his father kept a cook's shop in the town of Chartres, and was so ignorant that he could neither read nor write. I need not add, that his having had a landed property to justify, in any way, the son's territorial appellation, was a gross fiction.

C.

"Le Compere Mathieu" (Vol. vi., pp. 11. 111. 181.).—On the fly-leaf of my copy (three vols. 12mo., Londres, 1766) of this amusing work, variously attributed by your correspondents to Mathurin Laurent and the Abbe du Laurens, is written the following note, in the hand of its former possessor, Joseph Whateley:

"Ecrit par Diderot, fils d'un Coutelier: un homme tres licentieux, qui ecrit encore plusieurs autres Ouvrages, comme La Religieuse, Les Bijoux mechant (sic), &c. Il jouit un grand role apres dans la Revolution.

"J. W."

By the way, A. N. styles it "a not altogether undull work." May I ask him to elucidate this phrase, as I am totally at a loss to comprehend its meaning. "Not undull" must surely mean dull, if anything. The work, however, is the reverse of dull.

WILLIAM BATES.

Birmingham.

Etymology of "Awkward" (Vol. viii., p. 310.—H. C. K. has probably given the true derivation of this word, but he might have noticed the {481} singularity of one Anglo-Saxon word branching off into two forms, signifying different ways of acting wrong; one, awkward, implying ignorance and clumsiness; the other, wayward, perverseness and obstinacy. That the latter word is derived from the source from which he deduces awkward, can, as I conceive, admit of no doubt.

J. S. WARDEN.

Life and Death (Vol. ix., p. 296.).—What is death but a sleep? We shall awake refreshed in the morning. Thus Psalm xvii. 15.; Rom. vi. 5. For the full meanings, see these passages in the original tongues. Sir Thomas Browne, whose Hydriotaphia abounds with quaint and beautiful allusions to this subject, says, in one place, "Sleep is so like death, that I dare not trust him without my prayers:" and he closes his learned treatise with the following sentence:

"To live indeed is to be again ourselves; which being not only a hope, but an evidence in noble believers, it is all one to lie in St. Innocent's churchyard as in the sands of Egypt; ready to be anything in the ecstasy of being ever, and as content with six feet as the moles of Adrianus."

"Tabesne cadavera solvat, An rogus, haud refert."—Lucan.

How fine also is that philosophical sentiment of Lucan:

"Victurosque Dei celant, ut vivere durent, Felix esse mori."

Can any of your correspondents say in what work the following analogous passage occurs, and who is the author of it? The stamp of thought is rather of the philosophic pagan than the Christian, though the latinity is more monkish than classic:

"Emori nolo, sed me esse mortuum, nihil curo."

J. L.

Dublin.

These notes remind my parishioners of an epitaph on a child in Morwenstow churchyard:

"Those whom God loves die young! They see no evil days; No falsehood taints their tongue, No wickedness their ways!

"Baptized, and so made sure To win their blest abode; What could we pray for more? They die, and are with God!"

R. H. MORWENSTOW.

Shelley's "Prometheus Unbound" (Vol. ix., p. 351.).—I offer a conjecture on the meaning of the obscure passage adduced by J. S. WARDEN. It seems that Shelley intended to speak of that peculiar feeling, or sense, which affects us so much in circumstances which he describes. With the slight alterations indicated by Italics, his meaning I think will be apparent; though in his hurry, or inadvertence, he has left his lines very confused and ungrammatical.

"Who made that sense which, when the winds of spring Make rarest visitation, or the voice Of one beloved is heard in youth alone, Fills the faint eyes with falling tears," &c.

F. C. H.

"Three Crowns and a Sugar-loaf" (Vol. ix., p. 350.).—The latter was perhaps originally a mitre badly drawn, and worse copied, till it received a new name from that it most resembled. The proper sign would be "The Three Crowns and a Mitre," equivalent to "The Bishop's Arms:" if Franche was in the diocese of Ely, or Bristol, the reference would be clearer. Similar changes are known to have happened.

G. R. YORK.

To the inquiry of CID, as to the meaning of the above sign of an inn, I answer that there can be little doubt that its original meaning was the Pope's tiara.

F. C. H.

Stanza in "Childe Harold" (Vol. viii., p.258.).—I fear that, considering Lord Byron's cacography and carelessness, a reference to his MS. would not mend the matter much; as, although the stanza undoubtedly contains some errors due to the printer or transcriber for the press, the obscurity and unconnected language are his lordship's own, and nothing short of a complete recast could improve it materially: however, to make the verses such as Byron most probably wrote them, an alteration of little more than one letter is required. For "wasted," read "washed;" to supply the deficient syllable, insert "yet" or "still" after "they," and remove the semicolon in the next line from the middle to the end of the verse. Then the stanza runs thus:

"Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee; Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, where are they? Thy waters wash'd them while they yet were free, And many a tyrant since their shores obey, The stranger, slave, or savage—their decay Has dried up realms to deserts," &c.

The sentiment is clear enough, although not well expressed; and the use of the present tense, "obey," for "have obeyed," is not at all warranted by the usage of our language. In plain prose, it means—

"Thy waters washed their shores while they were independent, and do so still, although many a race of tyrants has successively reigned over them since then: their decay has converted many fertile regions to wildernesses, but thou art still unchanged."

Not having your earlier volumes at hand, I cannot be sure that these conjectures of mine are original (the correction in the punctuation of the fourth line certainly is not), and have only to request the {482} forbearance of any of your correspondents whose "thunder" I may have unwittingly appropriated.

J. S. WARDEN.

Errors in Punctuation (Vol. viii., p. 217.).—Every one must agree with R. H. C. as to the importance of correct punctuation; and it may easily be supposed how it must puzzle readers of works whose language is in great part obsolete, to meet with mistakes of this kind, when we find modern writers frequently rendered almost unintelligible by similar errors. To take those whose works have, perhaps, been oftener reprinted than any others of this century, Byron and Scott, the foregoing passage in Childe Harold is a signal instance; and as another, the Sonnet translated by Byron from Vittorelli, has only had corrected in the very latest editions, an error in the punctuation of the first two lines which rendered them a mystery to those who did not understand the original, as printed on the opposite page. In note 12 to the 5th Canto of Marmion, every edition, British or foreign, down to the present day, punctuates the last two or three lines as follows:

"A torquois ring;—probably this fatal gift is, with James's sword and dagger, preserved in the College of Heralds, London."

Sir Walter is thus made to express a doubt, which he never intended, as to the ring being there. A comma after "ring," another after "gift," and the omission of the dash, will restore the true meaning of the sentence.

J. S. WARDEN.

Waugh of Cumberland (Vol. ix., p. 272.).—John Waugh (D.C.L., Feb. 8, 1734)—born and educated at Appleby, Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; Rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill; Prebendary of Lincoln; Dean of Gloucester,—was consecrated to the See of Carlisle Oct. 13, 1723: he died Oct. 1734, and was buried in the church of St. Peter, Cornhill. He bore for arms: Arg., on a chevron engrailed gules, three bezants.

MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.

"Could we with ink," &c. (Vol. viii. passim).—Perhaps one more communication may find admission on the above interesting lines. I received from a clerical friend, many years ago, a version of them, which differs considerably from that given in "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 127. The variations I have marked by Italics:

"Could you with ink the ocean fill, Were the whole world of parchment made, Were every single stick a quill, And every man a scribe by trade, To write the love of God alone, Would drain the ocean dry, Nor could the earth contain the scroll, Though stretch'd from sky to sky."

My friend did not profess to know who wrote these lines; but he understood that they were an attempt to render in English verse a sublime passage of the great St. Augustin. It is highly probable that this eminent Father was the original author of the passage. It is extremely like one of his grand conceptions; but I have hitherto searched his voluminous works for it in vain.

F. C. H.

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Notices to Correspondents.

We have been induced, by the number of articles we have in type writing for insertion, to omit our usual NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

AGMOND. Cecil was written by Mrs. Gore.

F. M. M. Balaam Box has long been used in Blackwood as the name of the depository of rejected articles. The allusion is obvious.

H. M. H. will find all the information he can desire respecting The Gentlemen at Arms, in Pegge's Curialia; Thiselton's Memoir of that Corps, published in 1819; or, better still, Curling's Account of the Ancient Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, 8vo. 1850.

J. C. K. The coin is a very common penny of Henry III., worth ninepence, or a shilling at most.

BALLIOLENSIS. Porson's jeu d'esprit is reprinted in the Facetiae Cantabrigienses (1850). p. 16.

ENQUIRER. A triolet is a stanza of eight lines, in which, after the third the first line, and after the sixth the first two lines, are repeated, so that the first line is heard three times: hence the name. It is suited for playful and light subjects, and is cultivated by the French and Germans. The volume of Patrick Carey's Trivial Poems and Triolets, edited by Sir Walter Scott, in 1820, from a MS. of 1651, is an early instance of the use of the term.

A. B. M. The line referred to—"Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war"—is from Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

JARLTZBERG. Has not our Correspondent received a note we inclosed to him respecting The Circle of the Seasons?

OLD MORTALITY'S offer of a collection of Epitaphs is declined with thanks. We have now waiting for insertion almost as many as would fill a cemetery.

ABHBA. The proverb "Mad as a March hare" has appeared in our Fourth Volume, p. 208.—Also, in the same volume, p. 309. &c., will be found several articles similar to the one forwarded on "Bee Superstitions."

F. (Oxford.) The extract forwarded from Southey's Common Place Book is a copy of the title-page of the anonymous work required.

H. C. M. The date of the earliest Coroner's Inquest, we should think, cannot be ascertained. The office of Coroner is of so great antiquity that its commencement is not known. It is evident that Coroners existed in the time of Alfred, for that king punished with death a judge who sentenced a party to suffer death upon the Coroner's record, without allowing the delinquent liberty to traverse. (Bac. on Gov. 66.; 6 Vin. Abr. 242.) This officer is also mentioned by Athelstan in his charter to Beverly (Dugd. Monast. 171.).

I. R. R. Henry Machyn was a citizen and merchant-tailor of London from A.D. 1550 to 1563. See a notice of him prefixed to his Diary, published by the Camden Society.——An account of John Stradling, the epigrammatist, will be found in Wood's Athenae (Bliss), vol. ii. p. 396.——Hockday, or Hokeday, is a high-day, a day of feasting and mirth, formerly held in England the second Tuesday after Easter, to commemorate the destruction of the Danes in the time of Ethelred.——For notices of George Wither in the Gentleman's Mag., see vol. lxxxvi. pt. ii. 32. 201.; vol. lxxxvii. pt. i. 42.; vol. lxxxviii. pt. i. 138.——An interesting account of the Paschal Eggs is given in Hone's Every-Day Book, vol. i. p. 246., vol. ii. pp. 439. 450.; and in Brand's Popular Antiquities.——Marvell's reference is probably to Charles Gerard, afterwards created Baron Gerard of Brandon, gentleman of the bed-chamber to Charles II., and captain of his guards.

W. S. The lens is certainly very good; you should practise to obtain an accurate focus on the ground glass. An experienced hand will often demonstrate how much the actual sharpness of a picture depends upon nice adjustment of the focus; for though the picture looks pretty, it is not sharp in detail.

PHOTO. We hope shortly to be enabled to report upon the new paper manufacturing by Mr. Saunders for photographic purposes.

"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

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Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c., used in this beautiful Art.—123. & 121. Newgate Street.

* * * * *

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of Photography. Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By. J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per Post, 1s. 2d.

* * * * *

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS, DAGUERREOTYPISTS, &c.— Instantaneous Collodion (or Collodio-Iodide Silver). Solution for Iodizing Collodion. Pyrogallic, Gallic, and Glacial Acetic Acids, and every Pure Chemical required in the Practice of Photography, prepared by WILLIAM BOLTON, Operative and Photographic Chemist, 146. Holborn Bars. Wholesale Dealer in every kind of Photographic Papers, Lenses, Cameras, and Apparatus, and Importer of French and German Lenses, &c. Catalogues by Post on receipt of Two Postage Stamps. Sets of Apparatus from Three Guineas.

* * * * *

COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent in the hands of the photographer.

Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** Catalogues sent on application.

* * * * *

THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury to the Eyes from the selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively employed by

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.

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{484}

IMPERIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.

1. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON.

Instituted 1820.

——

SAMUEL HIBBERT, ESQ., Chairman. WILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., Deputy-Chairman.

——

The SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by this Office will be found of a very moderate character, but at the same time quite adequate to the risk incurred.

FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent. of the Profits, are assigned to Policies every fifth year, and may be applied to increase the sum insured, to an immediate payment in cash, or to the reduction and ultimate extinction of future Premiums.

ONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insurances of 500l. and upwards, for the whole term of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy, to be paid off at convenience; or the Directors will lend sums of 50l. and upwards, on the security of Policies effected with this Company for the whole term of life, when they have acquired an adequate value.

SECURITY.—Those who effect Insurances with this Company are protected by its Subscribed Capital of 750,000l., of which nearly 140,000l. is invested, from the risk incurred by Members of Mutual Societies.

The satisfactory financial condition of the Company, exclusive of the Subscribed and Invested Capital, will be seen by the following Statement:

On the 31st October, 1853, the sums Assured, including Bonus added, amounted to L2,500,000

The Premium Fund to more than 800,000

And the Annual Income from the same source, to 109,000

Insurances, without participation in Profits, may be effected at reduced rates.

SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.

* * * * *

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.-D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square (established A.D. 1785) sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25 Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial, signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:—"We, the undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H. Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.

* * * * *

CHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF SAFES AND LOCKS.—These safes are the most secure from force, fraud, and fire. Chubb's locks, with all the recent improvements, cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Complete lists, with prices, will be sent on application.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool; 16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.

* * * * *

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq. T. Grissell, Esq. T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. J. Hunt, Esq. G. H. Drew, Esq. J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. W. Evans, Esq. E. Lucas, Esq. W. Freeman, Esq. J. Lys Seager, Esq. F. Fuller, Esq. J. B. White, Esq. J. H. Goodhart, Esq. J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Trustees.—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq. Physician.—William Rich. Basham, M.D. Bankers.—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:—

Age L s. d. Age L s. d. 17 1 14 4 32 2 10 8 22 1 18 8 37 2 18 6 27 2 4 5 42 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

* * * * *

BANK OF DEPOSIT.

No. 3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.

Established A.D. 1844.

INVESTMENT ACCOUNTS may be opened daily, with capital of any amount.

Interest payable in January and July.

PETER MORRISON. Managing Director.

Prospectuses and Forms sent free on application.

* * * * *

BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.

BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.

65. CHEAPSIDE.

* * * * *

AS SECRETARY OR AMANUENSIS.

A GENTLEMAN who is quite Conversant with the French, German, and Italian Languages, and well acquainted with Botany and Entomology, is desirous of obtaining some permanent Employment. The most satisfactory References as to competency and respectability of family and connections can be given.

Address, F. G. H., care of MR. NEWMAN, Printer, 9. Devonshire Street, Bishopsgate Street.

* * * * *

ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE.—MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY, Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments:

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City. LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street. MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place. DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree. GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street. DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay. BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall. SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical Professions, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it.

* * * * *

Patronised by the Royal Family.

TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the following:

THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED.

BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine, effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its astonishing efficacy. Bottles 2s. 6d.; double size, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal to 4 small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever invented.

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.

BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the first families. Bottles, 5s.

BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.

Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN & FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand; KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY, 63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.

* * * * *

Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10 Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5 New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, May 20. 1854.

THE END