{389}

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

* * * * *

No. 235.] SATURDAY, APRIL 29. 1854. [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.

* * * * *

CONTENTS.

NOTES:— Page Curious Old Pamphlet 391 Errata in Printed Bibles 391 Impossibilities of History 392 Unregistered Proverbs, by C. Mansfield Ingleby 392 Mr. Justice Talfourd, by H. M. Bealby and T. J. Buckton 393 The Screw Propeller 394 Ancient Chattel-Property in Ireland, by James F. Ferguson 394 Bishop Atterbury 395

MINOR NOTES:—"Milton Blind"—Hydropathy—Cassie—The Duke of Wellington—Romford Jury—Edward Law (Lord Ellenborough), Chief Justice—Chamisso—Dates of Maps—Walton—Whittington's Stone on Highgate Hill—Turkey and France 395

QUERIES:— A Female Aide-Major 397

MINOR QUERIES:—"Chintz Gowns"—"Noctes Ambrosianae"—B. Simmons—Green Stockings—Nicholas Kieten—Warwickshire Badge—Armorial—Lord Brougham and Horne Tooke—Rileys of Forest Hill—Fish "Lavidian"—"Poeta nascitur, non fit"—John Wesley and the Duke of Wellington—Haviland— Byron—Rutabaga—A Medal—The Black Cap—The Aboriginal Britons 397

MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:—"Gossip"—Humphry Repton— "Oriel"—"Orchard"—"Peckwater"—Richard III.—Binding of old Books—Vessel of Paper 399

REPLIES:— King James's Irish Army List, 1689, by John D'Alton 401 Quotations Wanted, by G. Taylor, &c. 402 Oaths, by James F. Ferguson, &c. 402 Remuneration of Authors, by Alexander Andrews 404 Occasional Forms of Prayer, by the Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson, &c. 404

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:— Photographic Query—Improvement in Collodion—Printing Positives—Photographic Excursions 406

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:—"To Garble"—"Lyra Apostolica"— John Bale, Bishop of Ossory—Burial in an erect Posture— "Carronade"—"Largesse"—Precious Stones—"A Pinch of Snuff"—Darwin on Steam—Gale of Rent—Cobb Family—"Aches" —"Meols"—Polygamy—Wafers 407

MISCELLANEOUS:— Notes on Books, &c. 410 Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 410 Notices to Correspondents 411

* * * * *

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.

In consequence of the Advertisement Duty having been taken off, the customary charges for Advertisements in "The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette" have been reduced.

Advertisements appear in both Editions without extra charge.

s. d. Space of Four lines and under (body type) 2 6 Each additional line up to Twenty 0 6

From the Official Stamp Returns published April 5, 1854, it appears that during the three preceding years, 1851, 1852, and 1853, the Stamps supplied to each of the undermentioned Journals gave them an average sale of—

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 6277 Era 5500 Wesleyan Times 5094 Magnet 4705 Examiner 4694 Mark Lane Express 4500 Evening Mail 4488 Field 4409 Morning Herald 4021 Daily News 3910 Guardian 3904 Economist 3837 British Banner 3798 Record 3736 Watchman 3681 Nonconformist 2987 Spectator 2856 St. James's Chronicle 2844 Morning Post 2652 Sun 2539 Morning Chronicle 2364 Britannia 2329 Express 2235 Leader 2140 Herapath's Journal 2066 John Bull 2020 Globe 1926 Weekly News 1709 United Service Gazette 1708 Railway Times 1641 Atlas 1479 Standard 1456 Naval and Military Gazette 1313 Patriot 1304 Gardeners' and Farmers' Journal 752

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THE CAMDEN SOCIETY for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary Remains.

The ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING will be held at the FREEMASON'S TAVERN, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, on TUESDAY, MAY 2, at Four o'clock. LORD BRAYBROOKE, the President, in the Chair.

WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.

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The following are the Publications of the Society which have been issued during the past year:—

I. PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM: Tom. II. Edited by ALBERT WAY, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.

II. REGULAE INCLUSARUM: THE ANCREN REWLE. A Treatise on the Rules and Duties of Monastic Life, in the Anglo-Saxon Dialect of the 13th Century. Edited by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D., Prebendary of Lincoln.

III. LETTERS OF THE LADY BRILLIANA HARLEY: 1625-1643. Edited by the REV. T. T. LEWIS, M.A.

IV. THE HOUSEHOLD ROLL OF RICHARD SWINFIELD, BISHOP OF HEREFORD, 18 Edw. I. Vol. I. Edited by the REV. JOHN WEBB, M.A., F.S.A.

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Communications from gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be addressed to the Secretary, or to MESSRS. NICHOLS, No. 25. Parliament Street, Westminster; by whom the Subscriptions are received.

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Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s.,

NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the "Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.

Also, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or coloured, 36s.,

A HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing Descriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.

"There is no work extant in which so much valuable information concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist should add it to his library."—Silliman's Journal.

London: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.

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SMEE'S BINOCULAR PERSPECTIVE PHOTOGRAPHS.—A full account of the mode of taking these extraordinary Likenesses in "Smee on the Eye," just published, price 5s.

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{390}

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVIII., is published THIS DAY.

CONTENTS: I. LAURENCE STERNE. II. SACRED GEOGRAPHY. III. THE WHIG PARTY. IV. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE. V. CRIMINAL LAW DIGEST. VI. THE TURKS AND THE GREEKS. VII. TREASURES OF ART IN BRITAIN. VIII. NEW REFORM BILL.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

* * * * *

Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.

Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.

* * * * *

NORTH BRITISH REVIEW. No. XLI. MAY. Price 6s.

CONTENTS. I. THE PLURALITY OF WORLDS. II. BRITISH AND CONTINENTAL CHARACTERISTICS. III. THE UNION WITH ENGLAND AND SCOTTISH NATIONALITY. IV. CHRISTIANITY IN THE SECOND CENTURY, AND THE CHRISTIAN EVIDENCES. V. THE ART OF EDUCATION. VI. RUSKIN AND ARCHITECTURE, PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. VII. PROFESSOR FORBES AND MR. LLOYD IN SCANDINAVIA. VIII. AUGUSTE COMTE AND POSITIVISM.

Edinburgh: W. P. KENNEDY. London: HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO. Dublin: J. McGLASHAN.

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SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON'S NEW HISTORY.

THE HISTORY OF EUROPE, from the Fall of Napoleon to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in Five Vols. 8vo. Price 15s. each. Vols. I. and II. are published.

The THIRD VOLUME, to be published in May, will contain:

Asia Minor, Greece, Turkey, in 1821—The Greek Revolution, Battle of Navarino, and Establishment of Greek Independence—The war between Russia and Turkey, 1827-1829—France to the Revolution of 1830, &c. &c.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.

* * * * *

MISS STRICKLAND'S SCOTTISH QUEENS.

This Day is published, a Second Edition of Vols. I. and II. of

LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF SCOTLAND, AND ENGLISH PRINCESSES connected with the Regal Succession of Great Britain. By AGNES STRICKLAND.

The Volumes published contain:—1. Life of Margaret Tudor, Magdalene of France, and Mary of Lorraine. 2. Continuation of Mary of Lorraine, Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox. 3. and 4. Life of Mary Stuart.

Price 10s. 6d. each, with Portraits and Historical Vignettes.

The Fifth Volume will be published early in Summer.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.

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MURRAY'S BRITISH CLASSICS.—The new Volume of this Series of STANDARD EDITIONS of ENGLISH AUTHORS, contains the Third Volume of CUNNINGHAM'S EDITION OF GOLDSMITH'S WORKS, and is now published; and the Fourth Volume, completing the Work, will be ready early in May.

ALBEMARLE STREET, April 29th, 1854.

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RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.

QUARTO SERIES.

Evangelia Augustini Gregoriana. By the REV. J. GOODWIN, B.D. 20s.

An Historical Inquiry touching St. Catherine of Alexandria, illustrated by a Semi-Saxon Legend. By the REV. C. HARDWICK, M.A. 12s.

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I. Anglo-Saxon Legends of St. Andrew and St. Veronica. By C. W. GOODWIN, M.A. 3s. 6d.

II. Graeco-Egyptian Fragment on Magic. By C. W. GOODWIN, M.A. 3s. 6d.

III. Ancient Cambridgeshire. By C. C. BABINGTON, M.A. 3s. 6d.

Reports and Communications, Nos. I. and II. 1s. each.

Index to Baker Manuscripts. 7s. 6d.

J. DEIGHTON: MACMILLAN & CO., Cambridge.

JOHN W. PARKER & SON, and GEORGE BELL, London.

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BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR MAY.

LOCKE'S PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS, containing the "Essay on the Human Understanding," the "Conduct of the Understanding," &c., with Preliminary Discourse and Notes, by J. A. ST. JOHN, ESQ. In Two Volumes. With Portrait. Vol. I. Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.

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BOHN'S BRITISH CLASSICS FOR MAY.

ADDISON'S WORKS, with the Notes of BISHOP HURD. With Portrait and Engravings on Steel. Vol. III. Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.

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BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR MAY.

CATULLUS, TIBULLUS and THE VIGIL OF VENUS. A literal Prose Translation. To which are added Metrical Versions by LAMB, GRAINGER, and others. With Frontispiece. Post 8vo. cloth, 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.

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BOHN'S ECCLESIASTICAL LIBRARY FOR MAY.

THEODORET AND EVAGRIUS. Histories of the Church, from A.D. 322 to A.D. 427, and from A.D. 431 to A.D. 544. Translated from the Greek, with General Index. Post 8vo. cloth, 5s.

HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.

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Just published, in 8vo., with Views, price, in cloth, 6s. 6d.; or, large paper (royal 8vo.), price, in cloth, 12s.

DESCRIPTIVE AND HISTORICAL NOTICES of NORTHUMBRIAN CASTLES, CHURCHES, and ANTIQUITIES. By WILLIAM SIDNEY GIBSON, Esq., F.S.A.—THIRD SERIES: Comprising Visits to Naworth Castle, Lanercost Priory, and Corby Castle, in Cumberland: the ruined Monasteries of Brinkburn, Jarrow, and Tynemouth; Bishop Middleham, and the Town of Hartlepool; Newcastle-on-Tyne, and Durham Cathedral.

London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.

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Now ready, in 16mo., price 1s.

MOROCCO, its PRESENT STATE: A Chapter of Mussulman Civilisation. By XAVIER DURRIEU. Forming Part 60 of the "Traveller's Library."

London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.

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Just published, in fcp. 8vo., price, in cloth, 6s.

THE STATISTICAL COMPANION for 1854: exhibiting the most interesting Facts in Moral and Intellectual, Vital, Economical, and Political Statistics, at Home and Abroad. Compiled by T. C. BANFIELD, Esq.

London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.

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ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

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CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes, cash and deed boxes. Complete list of sizes and prices may be had on application.

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ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY, Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments:

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City. LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street. MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place. DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree. GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street. DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay. BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall. SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical Profession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it.

* * * * *

{391}

LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 23, 1854.

Notes.

CURIOUS OLD PAMPHLET.

Grubbing among old pamphlets, the following has turned up:

"A Fragment of an Essay towards the most ancient Histories of the Old and New Worlds, connected. Intended to be carried on in four Parts or Aeras. That is, from the Creation of all Things to the Time of the Deluge: thence to the Birth of Abraham: from that Period to the Descent of Jacob and his Family into Egypt: and, lastly, to the Time of the Birth of Moses. Attempted to be executed in Blank Verse, 8vo. pp. 59. Printed in the year 1765."

This Miltonic rhapsody supposes Adam, when verging on his nine hundreth year, to have assembled his descendants to a kind of jubilee, when sacrifices, and other antediluvian solemnities, being observed, "Seth, the pious son of his comfort, gravely arose, and, after due obedience to the first of men, humbly beseeched the favour to have their memories refreshed by a short history of the marvellous things in the beginning." Then Adam thus:—Hereupon the anonymous author puts into the mouth of the great progenitor of the human race a history of the Creation, in blank verse, in accordance with the Mosaic and orthodox account. Concluding his revelations without reference to the Fall, Seth would interrogate their aged sire upon what followed thence, when Adam excuses himself from the painful recital by predicting the special advent in after times of a mind equal to that task:

"But of this Fall, this heart-felt, deep-felt lapse, This Paradise thus lost, no mortal man Shall sing which lives on earth. Far distant hence In farther distant times, fair Liberty Shall reign, queen of the Seas, and lady of The Isles; nay, sovereign of the world's repose. And Peace! In her a mighty genius shall Arise, of high ethereal mould, great in Renown, sublime, superior far to praise Of sublunary man—or Fame herself. Though blind to all things here on earth below, The heav'ns of heav'ns themselves shall he explore, And soar on high with strong, with outstretched wings! There sing of marvels not to be conceived, Express'd, or thought by any but himself!"

This curious production is avowedly from the other side of the Tweed, and I would ask if its paternity is known to any of your antiquarian correspondents there or here.

The Fragment is preceded by a very remarkable Preface, containing "some reasons why this little piece has thus been thrown off in such a loose and disorderly manner;" among which figure the desire "to disperse a parcel of them gratis,—because they are, perhaps, worth nothing; that nobody may pay for his folly but himself; that, if his Fragment is damned, which it probably may be, he will thenceforth drop any farther correspondence with Adam, Noah, Abraham, &c.; and, lastly, that he may be benefited by the criticisms upon its faults and failings, while he himself lurks cunningly behind the curtain. But if, after all," says the facetious author, "this little northern urchin shall chance to spring forward under the influence of a more southern and warmer sun, the author will then endeavour to bring his goods to market as plump, fresh, and fair as the soil will admit."

I presume, however, the public did not call for any of the farther instalments promised in the title.

J. O.

* * * * *

ERRATA IN PRINTED BIBLES.

Mr. D'Israeli, in his Curiosities of Literature, has an article entitled "The Pearl Bibles and Six Thousand Errata," in which he gives some notable specimens of the blunders perpetrated in the printing of Bibles in earlier times. The great demand for them prompted unscrupulous persons to supply it without much regard to carefulness or accuracy; and, besides, printers were not so expert as at the present day.

"The learned Ussher," Mr. D'Israeli tells us, "one day hastening to preach at Paul's Cross, entered the shop of one of the stationers, as booksellers were then called, and inquiring for a Bible of the London edition, when he came to look for his text, to his astonishment and his horror he discovered that the verse was omitted in the Bible! This gave the first occasion of complaint to the king, of the insufferable negligence and incapacity of the London press; and first bred that great contest which followed between the University of Cambridge and the London stationers, about the right of printing Bibles."

Even during the reign of Charles I., and in the time of the Commonwealth, the manufacture of spurious Bibles was carried on to an alarming extent. English Bibles were fabricated in Holland for cheapness, without any regard to accuracy. Twelve thousand of these (12mo.) Bibles, with notes, were seized by the King's printers as being contrary to the statute; and a large impression of these Dutch-English Bibles were burned, by order of the Assembly of Divines, for certain errors. The Pearl (24mo.) Bible, printed by Field, in 1653, contains some scandalous blunders;—for instance, Romans, vi. 13.: "Neither yield ye your members as instruments of righteousness unto sin"—for unrighteousness. 1 Cor. vi. 9.: "Know ye not that {392} the unrighteous shall inherit the kingdom of God?"—for shall not inherit.

The printer of Miles Coverdale's Bible, which was finished in 1535, and of which only two perfect copies, I believe, are known to exist—one in the British Museum, the other in the library of the Earl of Jersey—deserves some commendation for his accuracy. At the end of the New Testament is the following solitary erratum:

"A faute escaped in pryntyng the New Testament. Upon the fourth leafe, the first syde in the sixth chapter of S. Mathew, 'Seke ye first the kingdome of heaven,' read, 'Seke ye first the kingdome of God.'"

ABHBA.

* * * * *

IMPOSSIBILITIES OF HISTORY.

"That unworthy hand."

I am not aware that the fact of Cranmer's holding his right hand in the flames till it was consumed has been questioned. Fox says:

"He stretched forth his right hand into the flames, and there held it so stedfast that all the people might see it burnt to a coal before his body was touched."—P. 927. ed. Milner, London, 1837, 8vo.

Or, as the passage is given in the last edition,—

"And when the wood was kindled, and the fire began to burn near him, he put his right hand into the flame, which he held so stedfast and immovable (saving that once with the same hand he wiped his face), that all men might see his hand burned before his body was touched."—Acts and Monuments, ed. 1839, vol. viii. p. 90.

Burnet is more circumstantial:

"When he came to the stake he prayed, and then undressed himself: and being tied to it, as the fire was kindling, he stretched forth his right hand towards the flame, never moving it, save that once he wiped his face with it, till it was burnt away, which was consumed before the fire reached his body. He expressed no disorder from the pain he was in; sometimes saying, 'That unworthy hand;' and oft crying out, 'Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.' He was soon after quite burnt."—Hist. of the Reformation, vol. iii. p. 429., ed. 1825.

Hume says:

"He stretched out his hand, and, without betraying either by his countenance or motions the least sign of weakness, or even feeling, he held it in the flames till it was entirely consumed."—Hume, vol. iv. p. 476.

It is probable that Hume believed this, for while Burnet states positively as a fact, though only inferentially as a miracle, that "the heart was found entire and unconsumed among the ashes," Hume says, "it was pretended that his heart," &c.

I am not about to discuss the character of Cranmer: a timid man might have been roused under such circumstances into attempting to do what it is said he did. The laws of physiology and combustion show that he could not have gone beyond the attempt. If a furnace were so constructed, that a man might hold his hand in the flame without burning his body, the shock to the nervous system would deprive him of all command over muscular action before the skin could be "entirely consumed." If the hand were chained over the fire, the shock would produce death.

In this case the fire was unconfined. Whoever has seen the effect of flame in the open air, must know that the vast quantity sufficient entirely to consume a human hand, must have destroyed the life of its owner; though, from a peculiar disposition of the wood, the vital parts might have been protected.

The entire story is utterly impossible. May we, guided by the words "as the fire was kindling," believe that he then thrust his right hand into the flame—a practice I believe not unusual with our martyrs, and peculiarly suitable to him—and class the "holding it till consumed" with the whole and unconsumed heart?

I may observe that in the accounts of martyrdoms little investigation was made as to what was possible. Burnet, describing Hooper's execution, says, "one of his hands fell off before he died, with the other he continued to knock on his breast some time after." This, I have high medical authority for saying, could not be.

H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

* * * * *

UNREGISTERED PROVERBS.

In Mr. Trench's charming little book on Proverbs, 2nd ed., p. 31., he remarks:

"There are not a few (proverbs), as I imagine, which, living on the lips of men, have yet never found their way into books, however worthy to have done so; either because the sphere in which they circulate has continued always a narrow one, or that the occasions which call them out are very rare, or that they, having only lately risen up, have not hitherto attracted the attention of any one who cared to record them. It would be well, if such as take an interest in the subject, and are sufficiently well versed in the proverbial literature of their own country to recognise such unregistered proverbs when they meet them, would secure them from that perishing, which, so long as they remain merely oral, might easily overtake them; and would make them at the same time, what all good proverbs ought certainly to be, the common heritage of all."

"Note.—The pages of the excellent Notes and Queries would no doubt be open to receive such, and in them they might be safely garnered up," &c.

I trust this appeal of Mr. Trench's will be at once responded to by both the editor and correspondents of this periodical. With the former {393} must rest the responsibility of withholding from reproduction any proverbs, which though sent him as novelties, may be already registered in the recognised collections.

Mr. Trench's first contribution to this bouquet of the wild flowers of proverbial lore is the following, from Ireland:

"'The man on the dyke always hurls well.' The looker on," says Mr. Trench in explanation, "at a game of hurling, seated indolently on the wall, always imagines that he could improve on the strokes of the actual players, and if you will listen to him, would have played the game much better than they, a proverb of sufficiently wide application."—P. 32.

Each proverb sent in should be accompanied with a statement of the class among whom, or the locality in which, it is current. The index to "N. & Q." should contain a reference to every proverb published in its pages, under the head of Unregistered Proverbs, or Proverbs only. Correspondents should bear in mind the essential requisite of a proverb, currency. Curt, sharp sayings might easily be multiplied; what is wanted, however, is a collection of such only as have that prerequisite of admission into the ranks of recognised proverbs. And while contributors should not lose sight of "the stamp of merit," as that which renders the diffusion of proverbs beneficial to mankind, still they should not reject a genuine proverb for want of that characteristic, remembering that,—

"'Tween man and man, they weight not every stamp; Though light, take pieces for the figure's sake."

And that the mere form of a proverb often affords some indication of its age and climate, even where the matter is spurious. I have a large MS. collection of English proverbs by me, from which I doubt not I shall be able to extract some few which have never yet been admitted into any published collection. Of these at some future time.

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

Birmingham.

[We shall be happy to do all in our power to carry out this very excellent suggestion.—Ed. "N. & Q."]

* * * * *

MR. JUSTICE TALFOURD.

The noble sentiments uttered by Justice Talfourd in his last moments gave a charm to his sudden death, and shed a hallowed beauty about the painfully closing scenes of this great man. I want them to have a niche in "N. & Q.," and along with them a passage from his beautiful tragedy of Ion, which may be considered as a transcript of those thoughts which filled his mind on the very eve of quitting the high and honourable duties of his earthly course. It forcibly illustrates the loving soul, the kind heart, and the amiable character of this deeply lamented judge.

After speaking of the peculiar aspect of crime in that part of the country where he delivered his last charge, he goes on to say:

"I cannot help myself thinking it may be in no small degree attributable to that separation between class and class, which is the great curse of British society, and for which we are all, more or less, in our respective spheres, in some degree responsible, and which is more complete in these districts than in agricultural districts, where the resident gentry are enabled to shed around them the blessings resulting from the exercise of benevolence, and the influence and example of active kindness. I am afraid we all of us keep too much aloof from those beneath us, and whom we thus encourage to look upon us with suspicion and dislike. Even to our servants we think, perhaps, we fulfil our duty when we perform our contract with them—when we pay them their wages, and treat then with the civility consistent with our habits and feelings—when we curb our temper, and use no violent expressions towards them. But how painful is the thought, that there are men and women growing up around us, ministering to our comforts and necessities, continually inmates of our dwellings, with whose affections and nature we are as much unacquainted as if they were the inhabitants of some other sphere. This feeling, arising from that kind of reserve peculiar to the English character, does, I think, greatly tend to prevent that mingling of class with class, that reciprocation of kind words and gentle affections, gracious admonitions and kind inquiries, which often, more than any book-education, tend to the culture of the affections of the heart, refinement and elevation of the character of those to whom they are addressed. And if I were to be asked what is the great want of English society—to mingle class with class—I would say, in one word, the want is the want of sympathy."

Act I. Sc. 2. After Clemanthe has told Ion that, forsaking all within his house, and risking his life with strangers, he can do but little for their aid, Ion replies:

"It is little: But in these sharp extremities of fortune, The blessings which the weak and poor can scatter Have their own season. 'Tis a little thing To give a cup of water; yet its draught Of cool refreshment, drain'd by fever'd lips, May give a shock of pleasure to the frame More exquisite than when nectarean juice Renews the life of joy in happiest hours. It is a little thing to speak a phrase Of common comfort, which, by daily use, Has almost lost its sense; yet, on the ear Of him who thought to die unmourn'd, 'twill fall Like choicest music; fill the glazing eye With gentle tears; relax the knotted hand To know the bonds of fellowship again; And shed on the departing soul a sense, More precious than the benison of friends About the honour'd death-bed of the rich, {394} To him who else were lonely, that another Of the great family is near and feels."

The analogy is as beautiful as it is true.

H. M. BEALBY.

North Brixton.

Before this talented judge was advanced to the bench, he amused himself and instructed his clients by occasional metrical notes, of which the annexed is a specimen. To make it intelligible to those whom it may not concern, I must add an explanation by the attorney in the suit, who has obligingly placed the learned serjeant's notes at my disposal. This gentleman says: "These notes are in the margin of a brief held by the serjeant as leading counsel in an action of ejectment brought against a person named Rock, in 1842. In converting into rhyme the evidence of the witness Hopkins, as set out in the brief, he has adhered strictly to the statements, whilst he has at the same time seized the prominent points of the testimony as supporting the case."

John Hopkins will identify the spot, Unless his early sports are quite forgot, And from his youngest recollection show The house fell down some forty years ago. And then—a case of adverse claim to meet, Show how the land lay open to the street; And there the children held their harmless rambles, Till Robert Woolwich built his odious shambles, And never did the playmates fear a shock, From anything so hateful as a Rock.

Perhaps the above may elicit from other quarters similar contributions; indeed, any memorial of the friend of Charles Lamb must be precious to the Muse.

T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

* * * * *

THE SCREW PROPELLER.

In 1781, when the steam engine, only recently improved by Watt, was merely applied to the more obvious purposes of mine drainage and the like, Darwin, in his Botanic Garden, wrote—

"Soon shall thy arm, unconquer'd Steam! afar Drag the slow barge, or drive the rapid car."

And in an appended note prophecies that the new agent might "in time be applied to the rowing of barges, and the moving of carriages along the road." The ingenious chronicler of the "loves of the plants," however, was in no doubt, when he wrote, aware of the experiments of D'Auxiron, Perier, and De Jouffroy; those prosecuted at Dalswinton and in America were some years later, about 1787-8 I think. But in another and less widely known poem by the same author, the Temple of Nature, published in 1802, there occurs a very complete anticipation of one of the most important applications of science to navigation, which may prove as novel and striking to some of your readers as it did to me. It is, indeed, a remarkable instance of scientific prevision. In a note to line 373, canto ii. of the poem, the author sets out with, "The progressive motion of fish beneath the water is produced principally by the undulation of their tails;" and after giving the rationale of the process, he goes on to say that "this power seems to be better adapted to push forward a body in the water than the oars of boats;" concluding with the query, "Might not some machinery resembling the tails of fish be placed behind a boat so as to be moved with greater effect than common oars, by the force of wind or steam?"

ANON.

* * * * *

ANCIENT CHATTEL-PROPERTY IN IRELAND.

The Memoranda Roll of the Exchequer, 4 & 5 Edward II., membrane 14., contains a list of the chattel-property of Richard de Fering, Archbishop of Dublin, which had been sold by Master Walter de Istelep, the custos of said See, for the sum of 112l. 10s. 9-3/4d. sterling, consisting, amongst other things, of—

iij affr', price xijs. xiij bobus, iiijli. vs. xlvij acr' warrectan' & rebinand' ibidem, lxxs. vjd. ij carucis cum apparatu, iiijs. v crannoc' frumenti ad semen & liberationes famulorum ibidem sibi venditis per predictum custodem, xxijs. vjd. xj crannoc', iij bussellis aven', xxxixs. iijd. iij carucis cum apparatu, vjs.

The chattel-property of Sir James Delahyde is set forth upon the Memoranda Roll 3 & 4 Rich. II., mem. 3. dorso, and is as follows:

"Unu' collobiu' de rubio scarleto duplucat' cū panno rubio, unu' collobiu' duplex de sanguineto et Bukhorn', unu' collobiū duplex, de sanguineto et nigro, unu' gip' de serico auro int'text furrat' cū menivero, unu' gyp' de rubio et nigro furrat' cu' calibir', unu' gyp' furrat cu' grys, unu' paltok' de nigro serico, unu' paltok de nigro panno, unu' paltok' de nigro Bustian, duo cap'icia, una' pec' de rubio Wyrset, unam pec' de nigro Wyrset, una' pec' panni linei vocat' Westenale, quinq; pec' Aule pro camera & Aula, tres curtynis cū uno celuro de rubio Wyrset, quinq; mappas, duas pelves cū lavatorio & quatuor p'ia secular'."

Upon the attainder of William Fytzhenry of Dublin, "Capytayn," in the reign of Edward VI., it was found by inquisition that he had "unum torquem aureum ponder' septem uncias dī," put in pledge for 20l., and worth 22l. sterling. In this reign "quinque vasa vocat' fyrkyns de prunis" each worth 6s. 8d.; a firkin of wine, 5s., "a fyrkyn de aceto," 6s. 8d.; "quinque tycks", worth 11s. 8d. each; and "duas duodenas cultellorum," worth 4s., {395} were brought to Dublin from St. Mallow in Brittany. In this reign also 200 "grossos arbores," near Drogheda, were valued at 16l.; 18 "porcos" were worth 40s.; 3 "modios frumenti" worth 20s.; and 5 "lagenas butteri," 20s. During this reign a sum of 300l. was paid out of the Treasury to Sir William Seyntloo, for the purpose of fortifying, &c. the Castle of Dyngham, called "The Governor of Offayley," of which sum he paid to Matthew Lynete, the Clerk of the Ordnance,—

For the hire of 4 carts from Dublin to the forte, 28th December, 71s. 1-1/2d. ster.

3 other carts from Dublin to the sayd forte, 27th March, 2 Edw. VI., 40s.

The carters that came from Dublin to the forte, 15th January and 19th April, 2 Edw. VI., for the hire of 4 cartes by the space of 6 dayes, 53s. 4d.

In the 6 Edward VI. the goods of Thomas Rothe of Kilkenny, merchant, which were seized by a searcher at Waterford, consisted of "30 pecias auri vocat' Crussades," and "un' wegge argenti ponderant' xvj uncias argenti precij cujuslibet uncie, 4s."

In the same year the property of Andrew Tyrrell, a merchant of Athboy, consisted of—

Unam fardellam sive paccam, containing Sterling. unam peciam de lychefeldkerfeys, price 36s. Unam peciam de greneclothe 4l. Di' duoden' pellium vocat' red leese 3s. 4d. 2 duoden' de orphell skynnes 8s. 4d. 6 duoden' de Rosell gyrdels 12s. Sex libr' de Brymstone 2s. 3 dudoen' de playng cardes 10s. Un' gross' de fyne knyves 48s. 26 libr' cerici voc' sylke 8l. 13s. 4d. Un' gross' de red poynts [104s. or 4s.] Un' duoden' de pennars [102s. or 2s.] Sex libr' de bykeres 102s. 1000 pynnes 20d. Sex rubeas crumenas 2s. Un' bagam de droggs 4s. Un' burden' de stele 3s. Sex boxes de comfetts 12s. 6 duoden' de lokyng glasses 18d. Un' bolte de threde 2s. 8d. Duas fyrkins de soketts 5s. Duas duoden' de combes 12d. 2 lb. of packethrede 6d. 1 doz. of great bells 16d. One payre of ballaunce 8d. One piece of red cloth 4l.

In Queen Mary's time, in Ireland, a yard of black velvet was valued at 20s. sterling; a yard of purple-coloured damask, at 13s. 4d. sterling; and a yard of tawny-coloured damask, at 10s. sterling.

The foregoing have been taken from the ancient records of the Irish Exchequer.

JAMES F. FERGUSON.

Dublin.

* * * * *

BISHOP ATTERBURY.

I have observed in some former Numbers of "N. & Q.," that an interest has been manifested in regard to the writings, and especially to the letters, of this prelate. It may therefore be interesting to your readers to be informed, that an original painting, and perhaps the only one, of the Bishop, is preserved at Trelawny House in Cornwall; and from its close resemblance to the engraved portrait which is found in his works, I have no doubt it is that from which that likeness was taken. There are also several letters in the handwriting of Bishop Atterbury among the documents preserved in the collection at that ancient mansion. That this portrait and the letters should be preserved at Trelawny, is explained by the fact, that before his elevation to the episcopal bench, Dr. Atterbury was chaplain to Bishop Trelawny.

J. C.

Lines by Bishop Atterbury on Mr. Harley being stabbed by Guiscard:

"Devotum ut cordi sensit sub pectore ferrum, Immoto Harlaeus saucius ore stetit. Dum tamen huic laeta gratatur voce senatus, Confusus subito pallor in ore sedet. O pudor! O virtus! partes quam dignus utrasque Sustinuit, vultu dispare, laude pari."

I found these lines written on the back of an odd volume of Atterbury's Sermons. Most likely they have already appeared in print.

E. H. A.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

"Milton Blind."—A little poem bearing this title, and commencing,—

"Though I am old and blind,"

is said to have been included in an edition of the poet's works recently published at Oxford. It was written by Miss Lloyd, a lady of this city, a short time ago.

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

Hydropathy.—For a long time, I believe in common with many others, I have imagined that the water cure is of late origin, and that we are indebted for it to Germany, to which we look for all novel quackeries (good and bad) in medicine and theology. This belief was put to flight a short time ago by a pamphlet which I discovered among others rare and curious. It is entitled Curiosities of Common Water, or the Advantages thereof in preventing and curing many Distempers. The price of the pamphlet was one shilling, and the author rejoices in the name of John Smith. After his name follows a motto, the doctrine of which it {396} is the duty of all licensed to kill according to law strenuously to protest against both by argument and practice:

"That's the best physick which doth cure our ills Without the charge of pothecaries pills."

E. W. J.

Crawley.

Cassie.—MR. M. A. LOWER (a correspondent of "N. & Q."), in his Essays on English Surnames (see vol. ii. p. 63.), quotes from a brochure on Scottish family names. He seems, from a footnote, to be in difficulty about the word cassie. May I suggest to him that it is a corruption of "causeway?"

The "causeway" is, in Scotch towns, an usual name for a particular street; and of a man's surname, his place of residence is a most common source of derivation.

W. T. M.

The Duke of Wellington.—Lord de Grey, in his Characteristics of the Duke of Wellington, pp. 171, 172., gives the following extract from the despatches published by Colonel Gurwood, and refers to vol. viii. p. 292.

"It would undoubtedly be better if language of this description were never used, and if officers placed as you were could correct errors and neglect in language, which should not hurt the feelings of the person addressed, and without vehemence."

Compare this passage with the following advice which Don Quixote gives to Sancho Panza before he sets off to take possession of his government:

"Al che has de castigar con obras, no trates mal con palabras, pues le basta al desdichado la pena del suplicio sin la anadidura de las malas rezones."—Part II. ch. xlii.

See translation of Don Quixote by Jarvis, vol. iv. b. III. ch. x. p. 76.[1]

The very depreciatory terms in which the Emperor Napoleon used to speak of the Duke of Wellington as a general is well known. The following extract from Forsyth's Napoleon at St. Helena and Sir Hudson Lowe, appears to me worthy of being brought under the notice of the readers of "N. & Q.:"

"After the governor had left the house (upon the death of Napoleon he had gone to the house of the deceased with Major Gorrequer to make an inventory of and seal up his papers), Count Montholon called back Major Gorrequer to ask him a question, and he mentioned that he had been searching for a paper dictated to him by Napoleon a long time previously, and which he was sorry he could not find, as it was a eulogium on the Duke of Wellington, in which Napoleon had spoken in the highest terms of praise of the military conduct of the Duke."—See vol. iii. p. 299.

J. W. FARRER.

[Footnote 1: Jarvis translates the passage in Don Quixote,—"Him you are to punish with deeds, do no evil; intreat with words, for the pain of the punishment is enough for the wretch to bear, without the addition of ill-language."]

Romford Jury.—The following entry appears on the court register of the Romford Petty Sessions (in Havering Liberty) for the year 1730, relating to the trial of two men charged with an assault on Andrew Palmer. As a curious illustration of the manner in which justice was administered in country parts in "the good old times," I think it may be interesting to the readers of "N. & Q."

"The jury could not for several hours agree on their verdict, seven being inclinable to find the defendants guilty, and the others not guilty. It was therefore proposed by the foreman to put twelve shillings in a hat, and hustle most heads or tails, whether guilty or not guilty. The defendants, therefore, were acquitted, the chance happening in favour of not guilty."

E. J. SAGE.

Edward Law (Lord Ellenborough), Chief Justice.—J. M.'s quotation of the song in the Supplement to the Court of Sessions Garland (Vol. ix., p. 221.), reminds me of the lines on Mr. Law's being made Chief Justice:

"What signifies now, quirk, quibble, or flaw, Since Law is made Justice, seek justice from Law."

W. COLLYNS.

Drewsteignton.

Chamisso.—Chamisso, in his poem of "The Three Sisters," who, crushed with misery, contended that each had the hardest lot, has this fine passage by the last speaker:

"In one brief sentence all my bitter cause Of sorrow dwells—thou arbiter! oh, pause Ere yet thy final judgment thou assign, And learn my better right—too clearly proved. Four words comprise it—I was never loved: The palm of grief thou wilt allow is mine."

"He knew humanity—there can be no grief like that grief. Death had bereaved one sister of her lover—the second mourned over her fallen idol's shame—the third exultingly says,—

'Have they not lived and loved?'"

The above is written in a beautiful Italian female hand on the fly-leaf-of the Basia, 1775.

E. D.

Dates of Maps.—It is very much to be wished that map-makers would always affix to their maps the date of their execution; the want of this in the maps of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge has often been an annoyance to me, for it frequently happens that one or both of two maps including the same district are without date, {397} and when they differ in some of the minor details, it requires some time and trouble to find, from other sources, which is the most modern, and therefore likely to be the most accurate.

J. S. WARDEN.

Walton.—The following cotemporary notice of the decease and character of honest Isaac's son, is from a MS. Diary of the Rev. John Lewis, Rector of Chalfield and Curate of Tilbury:

"1719, Dec. 29. Mr. Canon Walton of Polshott died at Salisbury; he was one of the members of the clergy club that meets at Melksham, and a very pious, sober, learned, inoffensive, charitable, good man."

E. D.

Whittington's Stone on Highgate Hill.—It is well that there is a "N. & Q." to record the removal and disappearance of noted objects and relics of antiquity, as one after another disappears before the destroying hand of Time, and more ruthless and relentless spirit of enterprise. I have to ask you on the present occasion to record the removal of Whittington's stone on Highgate Hill. I discovered it as I strolled up the hill a few days since. I was informed that it was removed about a fortnight since, and a public-house is now being built where it stood.

TEE BEE.

Turkey and France.—The following fact, taken from the foreign correspondence of The Times, may suitably seek perpetuity in a corner of "N. & Q."

"I wish to mention a curious fact connected with the port of Toulon, and with the long existing relations between France and Turkey, and which I have not seen mentioned, although it is recorded in the municipal archives of this town. In the year 1543, the sultan, Selim II., at the request of the King of France, sent a large army and fleet to his assistance, under the command of the celebrated Turkish admiral Barbarossa, who, according to the record, was the grandson of a French renegade. This army and fleet occupied the town and port of Toulon at the express wish of Francis I., from the end of September 1543, to the end of March 1544. And on this day, the last of March 1854, a French army and fleet has sailed from the same port of Toulon to succour the descendant of the Sultan Selim in his distress. What a remarkable example of the rise and fall of empires!"

It will not invalidate the force of the foregoing extract to state, that Selim II. did not become sultan until 1566, and that it must have been his father Suleyman (whom he succeeded) who came to the rescue of France in 1543. The same Turkish fleet was afterwards nearly annihilated by the Venetians in 1571, at the battle of Lepanto.

GEO. DYMOND.

* * * * *

Queries.

A FEMALE AIDE-MAJOR.

The following is an extract from the letter of the French general, Custine, to the National Convention, June 14, 1793:

"My morality is attacked; it is found out that I have a woman for my aide-de-camp. Without pretending to be a Joseph, I know too well how to respect myself, and the laws of public decency, ever to render myself guilty of such an absurdity. I found in the army a woman under the uniform of a volunteer bombardier, who, in fulfilling that duty at the siege of Liege, had received a musket-ball in the leg. She presented herself to the National Convention, desired to continue her military service, and was admitted to the honours of the sitting. She was afterwards sent by you, Representatives, to the Minister of War, who gave her the rank of aide-major to the army. On my arrival here, the representatives of the people, commissioners with this army, had dismissed her. Her grief was extreme; and the phrenzy of her imagination, and her love for glory, would have carried her to the last extremity. I solicited the representatives of the people to leave her that rank which her merit and wounds had procured her; and they consented to it. This is the truth. She is not my aide-de-camp, but attached to the staff as aide-major. Since that time I have never had any public or private conversation with her."—From the Political State of Europe, 1793, p. 164.

Can any of your readers furnish me with the name and history of this French heroine?

JAMES.

Philadelphia.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

"Chintz Gowns."—Tuesday, Jan. 9, 1768:

"Two ladies were convicted before the Lord Mayor, in the penalty of 5l., for wearing chintz gowns."—Gentleman's Magazine, vol. xxxviii. p. 395.

Can any other instances be given?

INVESTIGATOR.

"Noctes Ambrosianae."—Can any one inform me why the celebrated "Noctes Ambrosianae" of Blackwood's Magazine has never been printed in a separate form in this country (I understand it has been so in America)? I should think few republications would meet with a larger sale.

S. WMSON.

B. Simmons.—Will you permit me to ask for a little information respecting B. Simmons? I believe he was born in the county of Cork: for he has sung, in most bewitching strains, his return to his native home on the banks of the Funcheon. He was the writer of that great poem on the "Disinterment of Napoleon," which appeared in Blackwood some years ago. He was a regular {398} poetical contributor to its pages for many years. He held a situation in the Excise Office in London, and died there I believe in July, 1852.

What manner of man was he; young or old, married or single? Any information respecting such a child of genius and of song must be interesting to those who have ever read a line of his wondrous poems. To what other periodicals did he contribute?

ITH.

Green Stockings.—Is the custom of sending a pair of green stockings to the eldest unmarried daughter of a family, upon the occasion of the marriage of a younger sister, of English, Irish, or Scottish origin?

L. A.

Nicholas Kieten.—In the thirteenth century, "there was a giant in Holland named Nicholas Kieten, whose size was so prodigious, that he carried men under his arms like little children. His shoe was so large, that four men together could put their feet in it. Children were too terrified to look him in the face, and fled from his presence." So says our author; but he does not give the dimensions of Kieten. May not such a real giant, in the thirteenth century, have laid the foundation of the fabulous stories of giants that have for so many years been the favourite romances of the nursery? Kieten appears to be the type of the giants of our modern pantomimes. Will he serve as a key, to disclose the origin of these marvellous stories and captivating absurdities?

TIMON.

Warwickshire Badge.—Will you permit me to ask, through your journal, if any of your readers can inform me whether the proper Warwickshire badge is "the antelope" or "the bear and ragged staff?" The former is borne by the 6th regiment of the line, they being the Royal First Warwickshire. The latter is borne by the 36th regiment of militia, they being the First Warwickshire. This latter badge is also borne by the retainers of the Earls of Warwick and Leicester; which latter county would seem to lay as much claim to the bear and ragged staff as Warwick does.

The county cannot well have both, or either; this makes me think that the bear and ragged staff is not a county badge, but pertains more properly to the Earl of Warwick.

ANTIQUARY.

Armorial.—Will any correspondent oblige me with the names to the following coats: 1. Arg., three hares (or conies) gu. 2. Arg., on a bend engrailed vert, between two bucks' heads cabossed sable, attired or, three besants; a canton erminois. 3. Quarterly, per fesse indented sable and or. 4. Per pale sable and or, a cheveron between three escallop shells, all counterchanged. 5. Gu., a lion rampant arg. Glover's Ordinary of Arms would, I think, answer the above Query; and if any of your numerous readers, who possess that valuable work, would refer to it in this case, they would be conferring a favour on your constant subscriber,

CID.

Would any correspondent help me to the solution of the following case?—A. was the last and only representative of an ancient family; he left at his decease, some years ago, a daughter and heiress who married B. Can the issue of B. (having no arms of their own) legally use the arms, quarterings, crest, and motto of A., without a license from the Heralds' College?

CID.

Lord Brougham and Horne Tooke.—In Lord Brougham's Statesmen of the Time of George III., he says of Mr. Horne Tooke:

"Thus he (H. T.) would hold that the law of libel was unjust and absurd, because libel means a little book."

Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." say on what occasion Tooke maintained this strange doctrine, or where his Lordship obtained his information that Tooke did maintain it?

Q.

Bloomsbury.

Rileys of Forest Hill.—Can any of your correspondents inform me relative to the arms and motto of the Rileys of (Forest Hill) Windsor, Berks, their descent, &c.?

J. M. R.

Fish "Lavidian."—In some ancient acts of parliament mention is made of a fish called "lavidian," and from the regulations made concerning it, it appears to have been of such small size as to be capable of being caught in the meshes of an ordinary net. But I cannot find that this name is contained in any of the books of natural history, written by such authors as Gesner or Rondeletius. Is it at this time a common name anywhere? Or can any of your readers assist in determining the species?

J. C.

"Poeta nascitur, non fit."—Can any of your correspondents inform me who is the author of the well-known saying—

"Poeta nascitur, non fit"?

I have more than once seen it quoted as from Horace, but I have never been able to find it in any classical author whose works I have examined. Cicero expresses a similar sentiment in his oration for the poet Archias, cap. viii.:

"Atqui sic a summis hominibus eruditissimisque accepimus, ceterarum rerum studia, et doctrina, et praeceptis, et arte constare: poetam natura ipsa valere, et mentis viribus excitari, et quasi divino quodam spiritu inflari."

J. P.

Boston, U.S.A.

{399}

John Wesley and the Duke of Wellington.—It has always been understood that the property bequeathed to the Colleys, who in consequence took the surname of Wesley, afterwards altered to Wellesley, was offered to and declined by the father of John Wesley, who would not allow his son to accept the condition, a residence in Ireland, and the being adopted by the legatee. Has there been a relationship ever proved between the founder of the Methodists and the victor of Waterloo?

PRESTONIENSIS.

Haviland—Can any of your Plymouth correspondents give any information, as tombs, in memory of persons of the name of Haviland, Havilland, or De Havilland, existing in the churches of that place, of a date prior to A.D. 1688? Mention is made of such tombs as existing in a letter of that date in my possession. Also, in what chronicle or history of the Conquest of England, mention is made of a Sieur de Havilland, as having accompanied Duke William from Normandy on that occasion?

D. F. T.

Byron.—Will you kindly inform me, through the medium of your "N. & Q.," whence the line "All went merry as a marriage bell" (in Byron's Childe Harold) is derived?

C. B.

"Rutabaga."—What is the etymology of the word rutabaga? I have heard one solution of it, but wish to ascertain whether there is any other. The word is extensively used in the United States for Swedish turnips or "Swedes."

LUCCUS.

A Medal.—A family in this city possesses a silver medal granted to Joseph Swift, a native of Bucks county, Pennsylvania, by the University of Oxford or of Cambridge, of which the following is a description. It is about two inches in diameter; on the face are the head and bust of Queen Anne in profile, with an inscription setting forth her royal title, and on the reverse a full-length figure of Britannia, with ships sailing and men ploughing in the background, and this motto, "Compositis venerantur Annis." The date is MDCCXIII. An explanation of the object of the medal is desired.

OLDBUCK.

Philadelphia.

The Black Cap.—Can any of your antiquarian legal readers inform me of the origin of the custom of the judges putting on a black cap when pronouncing sentence of death upon a criminal? I can find no illustration of this peculiar custom in Blackstone, Stephens, or other constitutional writers.

F. J. G.

The Aboriginal Britons.—A friend of mine wants some information as to the history, condition, manners, &c. of the Britons, prior to the arrival of the Romans. What work, accessible to ordinary readers, supplies the best compendium of what is known on this subject? The fullest account of which I have, just now, any recollection, is contained in Milton's History of England, included in an edition of Milton's Prose Works, three vols. folio, Amsterdam, 1694. Is Milton's History a work of any merit or authority?

H. MARTIN.

Halifax.

* * * * *

Minor Queries with Answers.

"Gossip."—This word, in its obsolete sense, according no doubt to its Saxon origin, means a sponsor, one who answers for a child in baptism, a godfather. Its modern acceptation all know to be widely different. Can any of your correspondents quote a passage or two from old English authors, wherein its obsolete sense is preserved?

N. L. J.

[The word occurs in Chaucer, The Wyf of Bathes Prologue, v. 5825.:

"And if I have a gossib, or a friend, (Withouten gilt) thou chidest as a frend, If that I walke or play into his hous."

And in Spenser, Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 12.:

"One mother, when as her foole-hardy child Did come too neare, and with his talons play, Halfe dead through feare, her little babe reuil'd, And to her gossips gan in counsell say."

Master Richard Verstegan is more to the point:

"Our Christian ancestors, understanding a spiritual affinity to grow between the parents and such as undertooke for the child at baptisme, called each other by the name of Godsib, which is as much as to say, that they were sib together, that is, of kin together through God. And the child, in like manner, called such his God-fathers, or God-mothers."—Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, ch. vii.

A quotation or two from that delightful old gossip, Mr. Pepys, will show its use in the middle of the seventeenth century:

"Lord's Day. With my wife to church. At noon dined nobly, ourselves alone. After dinner, my wife and Mercer by coach to Greenwich, to be gossip to Mrs. Daniel's child. My wife much pleased with the reception she had, and she was godmother, and did hold the child at the font, and it is called John."—Diary, May 20, 1666.

"Lord's Day. My wife and I to Mr. Martin's, where I find the company almost all come to the christening of Mrs. Martin's child, a girl. After sitting long, till the church was done, the parson comes, and then we to christen the child. I was godfather, and Mrs. Holder (her husband, a good man, I know well) and a pretty lady that waits, it seems, on my Lady Bath at Whitehall, her name Mrs. Noble, were godmothers. After the christening comes in the wine {400} and sweetmeats, and then to prate and tattle, and then very good company they were, and I among them. Here was Mrs. Burroughs and Mrs. Bales (the young widow whom I led home); and having staid till the moon was up, I took my pretty gossip to Whitehall with us, and I saw her in her lodging."—Ibid., Dec. 2, 1666.]

Humphry Repton.—To snatch from utter oblivion the once highly reputed Humphry, the king of landscape gardeners, to whom many of our baronial parks owe much of their picturesque beauty, and who, by the side of Sir Joseph Paxton, would now most duly have taken knightful station in these go-ahead days, I ask, in what publication was it, that in 1780, or thereabouts, being an indefatigable attendant at all exhibitions and sales of art, he, the said Humphry, was accustomed (as well able he was) to enlighten the public upon what was passing in matters of art now nearly three quarters of a century ago? Was it the Bee? Again, did he not, at his death, leave two large volumes for publication, entitled Recollections of my Past Life? Where are these?

INQUEST.

[The MS. collection of the late Humphry Repton, containing interesting details of his public and private life, has been used by Mr. Loudon in his biographical notice of Repton prefixed to the last edition of The Landscape Gardening, 8vo., 1840. Mr. Loudon states that 'these papers were left as a valued memorial for his children: it may be imagined, therefore, that they contain details of a private nature, which would be found devoid of interest to the world. Mr. Repton, indeed, possessed a mind as keenly alive to the ludicrous, as it was open to all that was excellent, in the variety of characters with whom his extensive professional connexions brought him acquainted; and he did not fail to observe and note down many curious circumstances and traits of character, in themselves highly amusing, but, for obvious reasons, unfit subjects for publication. Not one taint of satire or ill-nature, however, ever sullied the wit which flowed spontaneously from a mind sportive sometimes even to exuberance." His artistic critiques will be found in the following works: The Bee: or, a Critique on the Exhibition of Paintings at Somerset House, 1788, 8vo. Variety: a Collection of Essays, 1788, 12mo. The Bee: a Critique on the Shakspeare Gallery, 1789, 8vo. Odd Whims: being a republication of some papers in Variety, with a Comedy and other Poems, 2 vols. 12mo., 1804.]

"Oriel."—I should be glad if any of your correspondents could inform me of the origin of the term oriel, as applied to a window? It is not, I believe, necessarily to the East.

T. L. N.

Jamaica.

[Oriol, or Oriel, is a portico or court; also a small room near the hall in monasteries, where particular persons dined. (Blount's Glossog.) Du Cange says, "Oriolum, porticus, atrium;" and quotes Matthew Paris for it. Supposed by some to be a diminutive from area or areola. "In modern writings," says Nares, "we meet with mention of Oriel windows. I doubt the propriety of the expression; but, if right, they must mean those windows that project like a porch, or small room. At St. Albans was an oriel, or apartment for persons not so sick as to retire to the infirmary. (Fosbroke's Brit. Monachism, vol. ii. p. 160.) I may be wrong in my notion of oriel window, but I have not met with ancient authority for that expression. Cowel conjectured that Oriel College, in Oxford, took its name from some such room or portico. There is a remarkable portico, in the farther side of the first quadrangle, but not old enough to have given the name. It might, however, be only the successor of one more ancient, and more exactly an oriel." For articles on the disputed derivation of this term, which seems involved in obscurity, see Parker's Glossary of Architecture; a curious paper by Mr. Hamper, in Archaeologia, vol. xxiii.; and Gentleman's Magazine for Nov. 1823, p. 424., and March, 1824, p. 229.]

"Orchard."—Professor Martyn, in his Notes on Virgil's Georgics, seems to be of opinion that the English word "orchard" is derived from the Greek [Greek: orchatos], which Homer uses to express the garden of Alcinous; and he observes that Milton writes it orchat, thereby corroborating this impression. Is the word spelt according to Milton's form by any other writers?

N. L. J.

[It is spelt orchat by J. Philips, Cider, book i.:

——"Else false hopes He cherishes, nor will his fruit expect Th' autumnal season, but in summer's pride, When other orchats smile, abortive fail."]

"Peckwater."—Why is the quadrangle at Christ Church, in Oxford, called "Peckwater?"

N. L. J.

[The Peckwater Quadrangle derives its name from an ancient hostle, or inn, which stood on the south-west corner of the present court; and was the property of Ralph, the son of Richard Peckwater, who gave it to St. Frideswide's Priory, 30th Henry III.; and about the middle of the reign of Henry VIII., another inn, called Vine Hall, was added to it; which, with other buildings, were reduced into a quadrangle in the time of Dean Duppa and Dr. Samuel Fell. The two inns were afterwards known by the name of Vine Hall, or Peckwater's Inn; and by this name were given to Christ Church, in 1547, by Henry VIII.]

Richard III.—What became of the body after the battle of Bosworth Field? Was it buried at Leicester?

A. BRITON.

Athenaeum.

[After the battle of Bosworth Field, the body of Richard III. was stript, laid across a horse behind a pursuivant-at-arms, and conducted to Leicester, where, after it had been exposed for two days, it was buried with little ceremony in the church of the Grey Friars. In Burton's MS. of the History of Leicester, we read that, "within the town was a house of Franciscan or Grey Friars, built by Simon Montfort, Earl of {401} Leicester, whither (after Bosworth Field) the dead body of Richard III., naked, trussed behind a pursuivant-at-arms, all dashed with mire and blood, was there brought and homely buried; where afterward King Henry VII. (out of royal disposition) erected for him a fair alabaster monument, with his picture cut out, and made thereon."—Quoted in Nichols's Leicestershire, vol. i. p. 357.: see also pp. 298. 381.]

Binding of old Books.—I shall feel obliged to any of your readers who will tell me how to polish up the covers of old books when the leather has got dry and cracked. Bookbinders use some composition made of glair, or white of egg, which produces a very glossy appearance. How is it made and used? and how do they polish the leather afterwards? Is there any little work on book-binding?

CPL.

[Take white of an egg, break it with a fork, and, having first cleaned the leather with dry flannel, apply the egg with a soft sponge. Where the leather is rubbed or decayed, rub a little paste with the finger into the parts affected, to fill up the broken grain, otherwise the glair would sink in and turn it black. To produce a polished surface, a hot iron must be rubbed over the leather. The following is, however, an easier, if not a better, method. Purchase some "bookbinders' varnish," which may be had at any colour shop; clean the leather well, as before; if necessary, use a little water in doing so, but rub quite dry with a flannel before varnishing; apply your varnish with wool, lint, or a very soft sponge, and place to dry.]

Vessel of Paper.—When I was at school in the north of Ireland, not very many years ago, a piece of paper, about the octavo size, used for writing "exercises," was commonly known amongst us as a vessel of paper. Can any of your correspondents tell me the origin of the phrase; and whether it is in use in other localities?

ABHBA.

[Lemon, in his English Etymology, has the following remarks on this phrase:—"Vessel of Paper: The etymology of this word does not at first sight appear very evident; but a derivation has been lately suggested to me, which seems to carry some probability with it; viz. that a vessel of paper may have derived its appellation from fasciculus, or fasciola; quasi vassiola; a vessel, or small slip of paper; a little winding band, or swathing cloth; a garter; a fascia, a small narrow binding. The root is undoubtedly fascis, a bundle, or anything tied up; also, the fillet with which it is bound."]

* * * * *

Replies.

KING JAMES'S IRISH ARMY LIST, 1689.

(Vol. ix., pp. 30, 31.)

My collections are arranged for illustrating, in the manner alluded to in the above notice, upwards of four hundred families. In Tyrconnel's Horse, I find a Dominick Sheldon, Lieut.-Colonel. His name appears in the "Establishment" of 1687-8 for a pension of 200l. Early in the campaign, he was actively opposed to the revolutionary party in Down and Antrim; and was afterwards joined in an unsuccessful negotiation for the surrender of Derry. At the battle of the Boyne he commanded the cavalry, and in a gallant charge nearly retrieved the day, but had two horses shot under him. When Tyrconnel left Ireland for France, to aid the cause of the Stuarts, he selected this colonel as one of the directory, who were to advise the young Duke of Berwick, to whom Tyrconnel had committed the command of the Irish army, and who was afterwards so distinguished in the wars of the brigades abroad. After the capitulation of Limerick in 1691, Sarsfield, then the beloved commander of the last adherents of the cause of the royal exile, intrusted to Colonel Sheldon the care of embarking all who preferred a foreign land to the new Government; and King James (for, in justice to my subject, I must still style him King) especially thanked him for his performance of that duty. When his own regiment was brigaded in France, it was called, par excellence, "the King's Regiment;" and Dominick Sheldon, "an Englishman," was gazetted its Colonel. The successes of his gallant band are recorded, in 1702, at the confluence of the Mincio and the Po; in 1703, against the Imperialists under Visconti, when he was wounded; in the army of the Rhine, and at the battle of Spire within the same year, &c. He appears, throughout his career, an individual of whom his descendants should be proud; but I cannot discover the house of this Englishman.

In the Outlawries of 1691, he is described on one as "of the city of Dublin," on another, as "of Pennyburn Mill, co. Derry." No other person of his name appears in my whole Army List; although the "Diary" preserved in the Harleian Miscellany (old edit., vol. vii. p. 482.) erroneously suggests a subaltern of his name. In the titular Court of St. Germains, two of the name of Sheldon were of the Board of Green Cloth. Dr. Gilbert Sheldon was Archbishop of Canterbury in the middle of the seventeenth century; and the Sheldons are shown by Burke to be still an existing family at Brailes House in Warwickshire, previously in Oxfordshire, and semble in Staffordshire. I have made application on the subject to Mr. Sheldon of Brailes House, the more confidently as the Christian name of "Ralph" is frequent in the pedigree of that family, and Colonel Dominick Sheldon had a brother Ralph; but Mr. Sheldon could not satisfy me.

One of the adventurers or soldiers in Cromwell's time, in Ireland, was a William Sheldon; who, on the Restoration, in the royal policy of that day, obtained a patent for the lands in Tipperary, which {402} the usurping powers had allotted for him by certificate. Could Colonel Dominick have been his relative?

I pray information on this subject, and any others connected with the Army List, with any documentary assistance which, or the inspection of which, the correspondents of "N. & Q." may afford me; and such services will be thankfully acknowledged. If I were aided with such by them, and by the old families of Ireland, the work should be a gem.

JOHN D'ALTON.

48. Summer Hill, Dublin.

* * * * *

QUOTATIONS WANTED.

(Vol. ix., pp. 247, 301.)

"The knights are dust, Their good swords are rust, Their souls are with the saints, we trust."

This seems to be an imperfect recollection of the concluding lines of a short poem by Coleridge, entitled "The Knight's Tomb." (See Poems of S. T. Coleridge: Moxon, 1852, p. 306.)

The correct reading is as follows:

"The knight's bones are dust, And his good sword rust; His soul is with the saints, I trust."

G. TAYLOR.

Your correspondent's mutilated version I have seen on a china match-box, in the shape of a Crusader's tomb.

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

"Of whose omniscient and all-spreading love."

These lines are also Coleridge's (Poems, &c., p. 30., edit. 1852). He afterwards added the following note on this passage:

"I utterly recant the sentiment contained in the lines—

Of whose omniscient and all-spreading love Aught to implore were impotence of mind;

it being written in Scripture, 'Ask, and it shall be given you!' and my human reason being, moreover, convinced of the propriety of offering petitions, as well as thanksgivings, to Deity.—S. T. C., 1797."

H. G. T.

Weston-super-Mare.

The line quoted (p. 247.) as having been applied by Twining to Pope's Homer, is from Tibullus, iii. 6. 56.

P. J. F. GANTILLON

"A fellow feeling makes us wond'rous kind,"

is to be found in the epilogue written and spoken by Garrick on quitting the stage, 1776.[2]

A parallel passage appears in Troilus and Cressida, Act III. Sc. 3.:

"One touch of nature makes the whole world kin."

NEWBURIENSIS.

The following lines, and the accompanying paraphrase, probably those inquired after by X. Y., are in Davison's Poems, or a Poetical Rhapsody (p. 50., 4th impression, 1621), where they form the third "device." I do not know who the writer was.

"Quid pluma laevius? Pulvis. Quid pulvere? Ventus. Quid vento? Mulier. Quid muliere? Nihil."

"Dust is lighter than a feather, And the wind more light than either; But a woman's fickle mind More than a feather, dust, or wind."

F. E. E.

The lines quoted by L. are the first two (a little altered) in the opening stanza of a ballad entitled The Berkshire Lady. The correct version (I speak on the authority of a copy which I procured nearly thirty years ago in the great ballad-mart of those days, the Seven Dials) is,—

"Bachelors of every station, Mark this strange but true relation, Which in brief to you I bring; Never was a stranger thing."

The ballad is an account of "love at first sight," inspired in the breast of a young lady, wealthy and beautiful of course, but who, disdaining such adventitious aids, achieves at the sword's point, and covered with a mask, her marriage with the object of her passion. It is much too long, and not of sufficient merit, for insertion in "N. & Q."

F. E. E.

[Footnote 2: [See "N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 300.]]

* * * * *

OATHS.

(Vol. viii., no. 364, 605.; Vol. ix., p. 45.)

I am extremely obliged to your several correspondents who have replied to my Query.

I now send you "a remarkable case," which occurred in 1657, and throws considerable light upon the subject.

Dr. Owen, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, being a witness for the plaintiff in a cause, refused to be sworn in the usual manner, by laying his right hand upon the book, and by kissing it afterwards; but he caused the book to be held open before him, and he raised his right hand; whereupon the jury prayed the direction of the Court whether they ought to weigh such evidence as strongly as the evidence of another witness. Glyn, Chief Justice, answered them, that in his opinion he had taken {403} as strong an oath as any other of the witnesses; but he added that, if he himself were to be sworn, he would lay his right hand upon the book itself (il voilt deponer sa maine dexter sur le liver mesme). Colt v. Dutton, 2 Siderfin's R. 6.

This case shows that the usual practice at the time it was decided was, not to take the book in the hand, but to lay the hand upon it. Now, if a person laid his hand upon a book, which rested on anything else, he most probably would lay his fingers upon it, and, if he afterwards kissed it, would raise it with his fingers at the top, and his thumb under the book; and possibly this may account for the practice I mentioned of the Welsh witnesses, which, like many other usages, may have been once universally prevalent, but now have generally ceased.

With regard to kissing the book, so far from assuming that it was essential, I stated that "in none of these instances does kissing the book appear to be essential." Indeed, as, "upon the principles of the common law, there is no particular form essential to an oath to be taken by a witness; but as the purpose of it is to bind his conscience, every man of every religion should be bound by that form which he himself thinks will bind his own conscience most" (per Lord Mansfield, Chief Justice, Atcheson v. Everitt, Cowper's R. 389.), the form of the oath will vary according to the particular opinion of the witness.

Lord Mansfield, in the case just mentioned, referred to the case in Siderfin, and stated that "the Christian oath was settled in very ancient times;" and it may, perhaps, be inferred that he meant that it was so settled in the form there mentioned; but, as he inaccurately translates the words I have given thus, "If I were sworn, I would kiss the book," it may be doubtful whether he did not consider kissing the book as a part of the form of the oath so settled.

I cannot assent to the opinion of Paley, that the term corporal, as applied to oath, was derived from the corporale—the square piece of linen on which the chalice and host were placed. The term doubtless was adopted, in order to distinguish some oaths from others; and it would be very strange if it had become the invariable practice to apply it to all that large class of oaths, in every civil and criminal tribunal, to which it did not apply; and when it is remembered that in indictments (which have ever been construed with the strictest regard to the truth of the statements contained in them) this term has always been used where the book has been touched, and where the use of the term, if incorrect, would inevitably have led to an acquittal, no one I think can doubt that Paley is in error.

In addition to the authorities I before referred to, I may mention that Puffendorff clearly uses the term in the sense I attributed to it; and so does Mr. Barbeyrac, in his note to "corporal oath," as used by Puffendorff, where he says: "Juramentum corporale, or, as it is called in the code, juramentum corporaliter praestitum;" and then refers to a rescript of Alexander, where the terms used are "jurejurando corporaliter praestito." (Puffendorff, Law of Nature and Nations, lib. iv. ss. 11. and 16., pp. 345. and 350.: London, 1729.) And it seems very probable that the term came to us from the Romans; and as it appears from the books, referred to in the notes to s. 16., that there were some instances in which an oath had been taken by proxy, it may, perhaps, be that the term corporal was originally used to distinguish such oaths as were taken by the party himself from such as were taken by proxy.

The word corporale plainly is the "corporale Linteum," on which the sacred elements were placed, and by which they were covered; and no doubt were so used, because it covered or touched what was considered to be the very body of our blessed Lord. In fact, the term is the same, whether it be applied to oath or cloth; and when used with oath, it is used in the same sense as our immortal bard uses it in "corporal suffering" and "corporal toil."

S. G. C.

As the various forms in which oaths have been administered and taken is a question not altogether devoid of interest, I would wish to add a few words to what I have already written upon this subject. The earliest notice of this ceremony is probably that which is to be found in Genesis xxiv. 2, 3.:

"And Abraham said unto his eldest servant of his house, that ruled over all that he had. Put, I pray thee, thy hand under my thigh; And I will make thee swear," &c.

That at a very early period the soldier swore by his sword, is shown by the Anglo-Norman poem on the conquest of Ireland by Henry II., published by Thomas Wright, Esq.: London, 1837, p. 101.:

"Morice par sa espe ad jure, N' i ad vassal si ose."

In a charter of the thirteenth century, made by one Hugh de Sarnefelde to the Abbey of Thomascourt in Dublin, of a certain annuity, we find the passage:

"Et sciendum quod jam dictus Adam de Sarnefelde affidavit in manu Magistri Roberti de Bedeford pro se et heredibus suis quod fideliter et absque omni fallacia persolvent, etc. redditum prenominatum."

And such clauses are probably of frequent occurrence in ancient charters. The expression "affidavit in manu" may be perhaps explained by referring to the mode in which the oath of homage was accustomed to be taken. This form, as it was of old time observed in England, is, I presume, {404} fully described in other publications; but as many of the most valuable of the ancient public records of Ireland have been, and are still, in a sadly neglected state, it is not probable that the following description of the manner in which certain of the Irish chieftains in the time of Richard II. performed their homage to Thomas Earl of Nottingham, his deputy, has been hitherto printed:

"Gerraldus O'Bryn predictus zonam, glaudium et capitium ipsius a se amovens, et genibus flexis ad pedes dicti domini comitis procedit, ambas manus suas palmis [adgremium] junctis erigens, et inter manus dicti domini comitis crectas tenens, protulit hec verba in lingua hibernicana," &c.—Inquisition deposited in the Exchequer Record Office, Dublin; James I. No. 84.

JAMES F. FERGUSON.

Dublin.

* * * * *

REMUNERATION OF AUTHORS.

(Vol. viii., p. 81.)

Some time ago I suggested, in the columns of "N. & Q.," a collection which might prove interesting, of the remuneration received by authors for their works, sending my first instalment thereof. A correspondent (W. R.) has since contributed to the stock; and I now beg to add a few more cases which have lately occurred to me. In the instances of plays, &c., I have confined myself to the sums paid for the copyright; any remuneration accruing to the author from the performance, a share of the profit, benefit, &c. &c. being too diffuse to bring into a tabular form; and, in the case of works published while that servile system was in vogue, I have not attempted to record the amounts paid for dedications by the inflated "patrons," nor even those raised by subscription, except in one or two cases, where such was (which was rarely the case) a genuine transaction:

- Title of Work. Author. Price. Publisher. Authority. - Phaedra Edmund Smith 60l. Lintot. Dr. Johnson. The Wanderer Savage 10l. 10s. Ditto. Beggar's Opera Gay 400l. Spence. Poems Ditto 1000l. Subscription Dr. Johnson. Translation of eight W. Broome 600l. Paid by Pope Ditto. books of the Odyssey, and all the notes. Ditto of four books of Fenton 300l. Ditto Ditto. ditto Edition of Shakspeare Pope 217l. 12s. Tonson Ditto. Amynta and Theodora Mallet 120l. Vaillant. Ditto. The Poor Gentleman G Colman, sen. 150l. R. B. Peake. Who wants a Guinea? Ditto 150l. Ditto. Tales from Shakspeare Charles Lamb 63l. Himself. Mary Lamb Contributions for two Charles Lamb 170l. T. Moore, years to the London Lord J. Magazine. Russell. The King of Prussia's Thos. Holcroft 1200l. Galt. works, translation of Exchange no Robbery Theodore Hook 60l. R. H. D. Barham. Sayings and Doings Ditto 600l. Colburn Ditto. (1st series) Ditto (2nd series) Ditto 1050l. Ditto Ditto. 150l. 200l. Ditto (3rd series) Ditto 1050l. Ditto Ditto. Births, Marriages, and Ditto 600l. Ditto Ditto. Deaths Editorship of Colburn's Ditto 400l. per Ditto Ditto. New Monthly annum. Rejected Addresses J. and H. 131l. Murray H. Smith. Smith after 16th edition Country Cousins } Paid for by } A Trip to Paris } James Smith. 1000l. C. Matthews }Himself. Air Ballooning } for his Ent- } A Trip to America} ertainments.



ALEXANDER ANDREWS.

* * * * *

OCCASIONAL FORMS OF PRAYER.

(Vol. viii., p. 535.)

The list of Occasional Forms of Prayer, recently contributed to your pages by the REV. THOMAS LATHBURY, contained no less than forty-eight items. All the forms which he enumerates, with one exception, are earlier than the year 1700. Using the same limitation of date, I send you herewith a farther list of such occasional forms: all these are to be found in the British Museum, and the press-marks by which they are designated in the catalogue are here added. The present list comprises fifty-one items, all of them, I think, different from those which have been already mentioned. Unless otherwise stated, the copies of the forms here referred to are printed at London, and they are for the most part in black-letter, without pagination.

A Psalme and Collect of Thankesgiving, not unmeet for the present Time [i.e. after the defeat of the Spanish Armada]. 1588. (3406. c.)

{405}

An Order for Prayer and Thanksgiving (necessary to be used in these dangerous Times) for the Safetie and Preservation of her Majestie and this Realm. 1598.

A revision of the form first issued in 1594. (3406. c.) 1.

Certain Prayers collected out of a Form of godly Meditations ... to be used at this Time in the present Visitation of God's heavy Hand, &c. With the Order of a Fast to be kept every Wednesday. 1603. (3406. c.)

Thanksgiving, August 5; being the Day of his Highnesse's happy Deliverance from the trayterous and bloody Attempt of the Earle of Gowry and his Brother, with their Adherents. 1606. (3406. c.)

Forme of Common Prayer, together with an Order of Fasting: for the averting of God's heavy Visitation upon many Places of this Kingdom [two editions, the second with a few MS. notes]. 1625. (3406. d.) 1. and (3406. d. 1.) 2.

Thanksgiving. March 27, 1626. (3406. d. 1.) 4.

Prayer for Safety and Preservation of his Majestie and this Realm. 1626. (3406. d. 1.) 5.

Thanksgiving. Safe Delivery of the Queen. 1631. Fol. (3406. e.) 1.

Thanksgiving. Safe Child-bearing of the Queene's Majestie. 1635. Fol. (3406. e.) 2.

Thanksgiving. November 5, 1636. (3406. c.)

Thanksgiving. November 5, 1638. (3406. d. 1.) 6.

Prayer for the King's Majestie, in the Northern Expedition. 1639. Fol. (3406. e.) 3.

A Form of Thanksgiving to be used September 7, 1640, thorowout the Diocese of Lincoln, and in the Jurisdiction of Westminster. 1640(?) (3407. c.)

Thanksgiving. March 27, 1640. (3406. d. 1.) 8.

Prayer for the King's Majestie, in his Expedition against the Rebels of Scotland. 1640. Fol. (3406. e.) 4.

Fast, February 5, 1644, for a Blessing on the Treaty now begunne. (3406. d. 1.) 9.

Thanksgiving for the late Defeat given unto the Rebells at Newarke (and A Prayer for the Queene's safe Delivery). 1644. Oxford, fol. (3406. e.) 5.

Prayer to be used upon January 15, 1661, in London and Westminster, &c.; and upon the 22nd of the said moneth in the rest of England and Wales. (3406. d. 2.) 1.

Prayer on June 12 and June 19, 1661 (as in the last form). (3406. d. 2.) 2.

Fast. July 12, 1665, in London, &c. (3406. d. 2.) 3.

Prayer. April 10, 1678. (3407. c.)

Fast. November 13, 1678. (3406. d. 2.) 5.

Prayer for King. 1684. (3407. c.)

Thanksgiving. July 26, 1685. Victories over the Rebels. (3406. d. 3.) 3.

Prayers ... during this time of Public Apprehension from the Danger of Invasion. 1688. (3407. c.)

Additional Prayers to be used, together with those appointed in the Service for November 5, 1689. (3406. d. 4.) 4.

Fast. March 12, 1689. Preservation of his Majestie's sacred Person, and the Prosperity of his Arms in Ireland, &c. (3406. d. 4.) 1.

Fast. June 5 and June 19, 1689. To implore Success in the War declared against the French King. (3406. d. 4.) 2.

Thanksgiving: Success towards the reducing of Ireland. October 19, 1690. (3406. d. 4.) 3.

Thanksgiving. November 5, 1690. (3406. d. 4.) 6.

A Prayer for the King, to be used instead of that appointed for his Majestie's present Expedition. 1690. (3406. d. 4.) 5.

A Prayer for the King, to be constantly used while his Majesty is abroad in the Wars. 1691. (3406. d. 4.) 7.

Fast. April 29, 1691. (3406. d. 4.) 8. Two editions.

Thanksgiving. Success in Ireland. November 26, 1691. (3406. d. 4.) 10.

Thanksgiving. 1692. (3406. d. 4.) 12.

Thanksgiving. 1692. (3406. d. 4.) 14.

Thanksgiving. October 27 and November 10, 1692. For the signal Victory vouchsafed to the Fleet. (3406. d. 4.) 15.

Prayer, during the Time of their Majesties' Fleet being at Sea. 1692. (3406. d. 4.) 18.

Fast. April 8, 1692. (3406. d. 4.) 11.

Prayer. May 10, 1693, and second Wednesday of every month following, &c. (3406. d. 4.) 16.

Thanksgiving. November 12 and November 26, 1693. (3406. d. 4.) 17.

Thanksgiving. December 9 and December 16, 1694. (3406. d. 5.) 3.

Prayers to be used during the Queen's Sickness, &c. 1694. (3406. d. 5.) 2.

Thanksgiving. April 16, 1695. (3406. d. 5.) 4.

Fast. June 19, 1695. (3406. d. 5.) 5.

Prayer. December 11 and December 18, 1695. (3406. d. 5.) 6.

Fast. June 26. (3406. d. 5.) 7.

Form of Prayer to be used Yearly on September 2, 1696, for the dreadful fire of London. (3406. d. 5.) 8.

Fast. April 28, 1697. (3406. d. 5.) 9.

Thanksgiving. December 2, 1697. (3406. d. 5.) 10.

Fast. April 5, 1699. (3406. d. 5.) 11.

It would occupy more space than "N. & Q." can afford to complete the list up to the present time. In the British Museum Catalogue alone, between the years 1700 and 1800, there are about 120 Forms of Prayer; and, between 1800 and 1850, about 113 more. Let me, before leaving the subject, draw the attention of your readers to the following extract from Straker's (Adelaide Street, West Strand) Catalogue of Books, printed in 1853, pp. 419.:

Article "1862. COMMON PRAYER. Forms of Prayer, an extensive collection of, issued by authority, on public occasions; such as War and Peace, Plague and Pestilence, Earthquakes, Treason and Rebellion, Accession of Kings, Birth of Princes, &c. &c., from A.D. 1550 to A.D. 1847, consisting of 45 in manuscript and 181 printed, together 226; many of which are of the greatest scarcity, with a detailed catalogue of the collection, 8l. 8s. 1550-1840 [sic].

"The late J. W. Niblock, D.D., F.S.A., was actively engaged for upwards of thirty years, (with {406} great trouble and expense) in forming this exceedingly interesting and valuable collection for his projected work, to be entitled 'FORMAE PRECUM, or National State Prayers, issued by Authority, on Fast and Thanksgiving Days, and other public Occasions, from the Reformation to the present Time,' those in manuscript are copied with great care from the originals in public libraries and private collections."

This important collection may possibly be unknown to some of your readers who take an interest in matters liturgical.

W. SPARROW SIMPSON.

Having made it a point, for some years past, to preserve at least one copy of each Occasional Form of Prayer, and wishing to comply with MR. LATHBURY'S request, I send a list of those in my own possession.

Form and Thanksgiving for Delivery of the Queen, and Birth of a Prince. 1841.

Form and Thanksgiving for Preservation of the Queen "from the atrocious and treasonable Attempt against her sacred Person." 1842.

Form and Thanksgiving for abundant Harvest. 1842.

Form and Thanksgiving for Delivery of the Queen, and Birth of a Princess. 1843.

Form and Thanksgiving for Delivery of the Queen, and Birth of Prince. 1844.

Form and Thanksgiving for Victories in the Sutledge. 1846.

Form and Thanksgiving, for Delivery of the Queen, and Birth of a Princess. 1846.

Form for Relief from Dearth and Scarcity. 1846.

Form for Removal of Dearth and Scarcity. Fast. 1847.

Form and Thanksgiving for abundant Harvest. 1847.

Form and Thanksgiving for Delivery of the Queen, and Birth of a Princess. 1848.

Form for Maintenance of Peace and Tranquillity. 1848.

Form for Removal of Disease. 1849.

Form and Thanksgiving for Removal of Disease. 1849.

Form and Thanksgiving for Delivery of the Queen, and Birth of a Prince. 1850.

ABHBA.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Photographic Query.—Given the diameter and focal length of a simple achromatic lens; at what distance from it must a diaphragm of given diameter be placed to give the best possible image?

O.

Improvement in Collodion.—As there are many photographers who are not members of the Photographic Society, and who do not see the journal published by that body, a statement of what I think will be found a very material improvement in the manufacture of collodion may not be unacceptable to the readers of "N. & Q." To five drachms of pure washed ether, add one drachm alcohol 60deg over proof, and dissolve therein sufficient soluble cotton to make it of the consistence of oil (the exact quantity must depend rather upon the dexterity of the operator, as the thicker it is the more difficult to use) then add twenty minims of chloroform, dropping in the latter, which will fall to the bottom, but is readily dissolved on shaking the mixture for a few minutes.

To two drachms of the same alcohol add the iodizing material preferred, and mix with the other ingredients.

The above will be found to flow very evenly smoothly over the plate; is tough, intense, and structureless in appearance. I have not yet determined what is the best iodizing mixture, but at present I prefer iodide of potassium alone, if pure, and twenty grains to the ounce of alcohol is the proportion I generally adopt; thus having five grains in each ounce of collodion.

Lastly, as regards the soluble cotton, I cannot find any better material than that produced according to the formula published by Mr. Hadow, in the March Number of the Photographic Journal, thus: "Take of nit. potash, five parts; sulphuric acid, ten parts; water, one part; all by weight. Add the water to the nitrate of potash, and then the acid, and immediately immerse as much cotton wool as can be thoroughly saturated by the mixture, leaving it in for at least ten minutes, and wash with a great abundance of water. The object of adding the cotton immediately that the acid has been mixed with the nitrate of potash, is to expose it to the action of the chemicals while they are at a temperature of from 120deg to 130deg. For farther particulars on this head, I must refer to Mr. Hadow's paper.

GEO. SHADBOLT.

[This application is not a novelty to us: DR. DIAMOND has for some time added a small portion of his amber varnish (which is prepared from chloroform) to his collodion, and with satisfactory results. It is a pity that so admirable a varnish is not to be procured at the generality of photographic warehouses. We have never yet been able to procure any which will bear comparison with some which DR. DIAMOND was good enough to prepare for us.—ED. "N. & Q."]

Printing Positives.—I will venture to assure AMATEUR that,—if he will follow DR. DIAMOND'S formula for albumenizing Canson paper, either positive or negative, viz.,

Chloride of sodium (salt) 5 grs. Chloride of ammonium 5 grs. Water 1 oz. Albumen, or the white of one egg, which is near enough for the purpose 1 oz.

and will excite this paper by floating it for about two minutes on a solution of nitrate of silver twenty grains to the ounce, distilled water,—provided his chemicals are good, he will obtain perfectly satisfactory results.

Let his fixing bath be a saturated solution of hypo. soda, and if newly made let him, as recommended by DR. DIAMOND, add 40 grains of chloride of silver to every 8 ounces of the solution. The addition of a grain of sel d'or to every 8 ounces of solution will greatly improve the tones of colour; and if, after some {407} time, the positives become more of a brown tint than he likes, let him add a small quantity of sel d'or, half a grain to a bath of from 12 to 16 ounces, and he will find the dark tints restored.

I inclose a copy of the print of "Horse-shoeing," obtained precisely by the method described. It is rather overprinted; but if AMATEUR will give you his address, and you will forward it to him, it will show him what tones of colour and depth may be procured by following the foregoing directions.

C. E. F.

Photographic Excursions.—A few Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries have formed themselves into a Photographic Club for the purpose of making periodical excursions into the country, and so securing accurate views of the objects of antiquarian interest in the different localities they may visit. As it is intended that a copy of every photograph so taken shall be deposited in the portfolios of the Society, the advantages likely to result from this little reunion, both to the Society of Antiquaries and to Archaeology generally, are very obvious.

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Replies to Minor Queries.

"To Garble" (Vol. ix., pp. 243. 359.).—I venture, with deference, to express a doubt as to whether E. S. T. T. has correctly defined either the former or the present meaning of the verb to garble, when he says "it meant a selection of the good and the discarding of the bad parts of anything: its present meaning is exactly the reverse of this." The statutes referred to by your correspondent, the first enacting that no bow staves shall be sold ungarbled, and the second imposing a penalty on the sale of spices and drugs not garbled, appear to me to indicate the former meaning of the word to have been the selection (picking out) of the bad and the discarding of it. Experience shows that in all operations, involving the separation of objects worthless and of value, such as weeding, sifting, and winnowing, the former is removed from the latter and discarded. This view of the case seems to be supported by the fact of the dust and dross sifted from spices being called "garbles." The weeder removes weeds from flowers or plants, the garbler removes garbles from spices and bad bow staves from amongst good ones. Richardson's Dictionary contains the following notes under the head Garble: