"In Holland," he says, "the custom prevails every year, in May, to affix verses and lofzangen (songs of praise) in lozenge-formed tablets on the doors of newly-made magistrates. Young men hung such tablets on the doors of their sweethearts, or newly-married persons. Also on the death of distinguished persons, lozenge-shaped pieces of black cloth or velvet, with the arms, name, and date of the death of the deceased, were exhibited on the front of the house. And since there is little to be said of women, except on their marriage or death, for this reason has it become customary on all occasions to use for them the lozenge-shaped shield."

In confirmation of this may be mentioned, that formerly lozange and lozanger were used in the French for louange and louer; of which Menestrier, in the above-quoted work (p. 431.), cites several instances.

Besides the conjectures mentioned by H. C. K. and BROCTUNA, may be cited that of Laboureur: who finds both the form and the name in the Greek word [Greek: oxugonios] (ozenge with the article, l'ozenge); and of Scaliger, who discovers lausangia in laurangia, lauri folia. See farther, Bernd. Wapenwesen, Bonn, 1841.

JOHN SCOTT.

Norwich.

Sir William Hankford (Vol. ii., p. 161. &c.).—Your learned correspondent MR. EDWARD FOSS proves satisfactorily that Sir W. Gascoigne was not retained in his office of Chief Justice by King Hen. V. But MR. FOSS seems to have overlooked entirely the Devonshire tradition, which represents Sir William Hankford (Gascoigne's successor) to be the judge who committed Prince Henry. Risdon (v. Bulkworthy, Survey of Devon, ed. 1811, p. 246.), after mentioning a chapel built by Sir W. Hankford, gives this account of the matter:

"This is that deserving judge, that did justice upon the king's son (afterwards King Henry V.), who, when he was yet prince, commanded him to free a servant of his, arraigned for felony at the king's bench bar; whereat the judge replied, he would not. Herewith the prince, enraged, essayed himself to enlarge the prisoner, but the judge forbad; insomuch as the prince in fury stept up to the bench, and gave the judge a blow on the face, who, nothing thereat daunted, told him boldly: 'If you will not obey your sovereign's laws, who shall obey you when you shall be king? Wherefore, in the king's (your father's) name, I command you prisoner to the king's bench.' Whereat the prince, abashed, departed to prison. When King Henry IV., his father, was advertised thereof (as fast flieth fame), after he had examined the circumstances of the matter, he rejoiced to have a son so obedient to his laws, and a judge of such integrity to administer justice without fear or favour of the person; but withal dismissed the prince from his place of president of the council, which he conferred on his second son."

Risdon makes no mention of Sir W. Hankford's being retained in office by King Henry V. But at p. 277., v. Monkleigh, he gives the traditional account of Hankford's death (anno 1422), which represents the judge, in doubt of his safety, and mistrusting the sequel of the matter, to have committed suicide by requiring his park-keeper to shoot at him when under the semblance of a poacher:

"Which report (Risdon adds) is so credible among the common sort of people, that they can show the tree yet growing where this fact was committed, known by the name of Hankford Oak."

J. SANSOM.

Mauilies, Manillas (Vol. vii., p. 533.).—W. H. S. will probably find some of the information which he asks for in Two Essays on the Ring-Money of the Celtae, which were read in the year 1837 to the members of the Royal Irish Academy by Sir William Betham, and in some observations on these essays which are to be found in the Gentleman's Magazine of that year. During the years 1836, 1837, and 1838, there were made at Birmingham or the neighbourhood, and exported from Liverpool to the river Bonney in Africa, large quantities of cast-iron rings, in imitation of the copper rings known as "Manillas" or "African ring-money," then made at Bristol. A vessel from Liverpool, carrying out a considerable quantity of these cast-iron rings, was wrecked on the coast of Ireland in the summer of 1836. A few of them having fallen into the hands of Sir William Betham, he was led to write the Essays before mentioned. The making of these cast-iron rings has been discontinued since the year 1838, in consequence of the natives of Africa refusing to give anything in exchange for them. From inquiry which I made in Birmingham in the year 1839, I learnt that more than 250 tons of these cast-iron rings had been made in that town and neighbourhood in the year 1838, for the African market. The captain of a vessel trading to Africa informed me in the same year that the Black Despot, who then ruled on the banks of the river Bonney, had threatened to mutilate, in a way which I will not describe, any one who should be detected in landing these counterfeit rings within his territories.

N. W. S.

{279}

The Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits (Vol. vii., p. 589.; Vol. viii., p. 82.).—Your correspondent A. W. S. having called attention to the use of the hour-glass in pulpits (Vol. vii., p. 589.), I beg to mention two instances in which I have seen the stands which formerly held them. The first is at Pilton Church, near Barnstaple, Devon, where it still (at least very lately it did) remain fixed to the pulpit; the other instance is at Tawstock Church (called, from its numerous and splendid monuments, the Westminster Abbey of North Devon), but here it has been displaced, and I saw it lying among fragments of old armour, banners, &c., in a room above the vestry. They were similar in form, each representing a man's arm, cut out of sheet iron and gilded, the hand holding the stand; turning on a hinge at the shoulder it lay flat on the panels of the pulpit when not in use. When extended it would project about a yard.

BALLIOLENSIS.

George Poulson, Esq., in his History and Antiquities of the Seignory of Holderness (vol. ii. p. 419.), describing Keyingham Church, says that—

"The pulpit is placed on the south-east corner; beside it is an iron frame-work, used to contain an hour-glass."

EDWARD PEACOCK.

Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.

Derivation of the Word "Island" (Vol. viii., p. 209.).—Your correspondent C. gives me credit for a far greater amount of humour than I can honestly lay claim to. He appears (he must excuse me for saying so) to have scarcely read through my observations on the derivation of the word island, which he criticises so unmercifully; and to have understood very imperfectly what he has read. For instance, he says that my "derivation of island from eye, the visual orb, because each are (sic) surrounded by water, seems like banter," &c. Had I insisted on any such analogy, I should indeed have laid myself open to the charge; but I did nothing of the kind, as he will find to be the case, if he will take the trouble of perusing what I wrote. My remarks went to show, that, in the A.-S. compounded terms, Ealond, Igland, &c., from which our word island comes, the component ea, ig, &c., does not mean water, as has hitherto been supposed to be the case, but an eye; and that on this supposition alone can the simple ig, used to express an island, be explained. Will C. endeavour to explain it in any other way?

Throughout my remarks, the word isle is not mentioned. And why? Simply because it has no immediate etymological connexion with the word island, being merely the French word naturalised. The word isle is a simple, the word island a compound term. It is surely a fruitless task (as it certainly is unnecessary for any one, with the latter word ready formed to his hand in the Saxon branch of the Teutonic, and, from its very form, clearly of that family), to go out of his way to torture the Latin into yielding something utterly foreign to it. My belief is, that the resemblance between these two words is an accidental one; or, more properly, that it is a question whether the introduction of an s into the word island did not originate in the desire to assimilate the Saxon and French terms.

H. C. K.

A Cob-wall (Vol. viii., p. 151.).—A "cob" is not an unusual word in the midland counties, meaning a lump or small hard mass of anything: it also means a blow; and a good "cobbing" is no unfamiliar expression to the generality of schoolboys. A "cob-wall," I imagine, is so called from its having been made of heavy lumps of clay, beaten one upon another into the form of a wall. I would ask, if "gob," used also in Devonshire for the stone of any fruit which contains a kernel, is not a cognate word?

W. FRASER.

Tor Mohun.

Oliver Cromwell's Portrait (Vol. vi. passim).—In reference to this Query, the best portrait of Oliver Cromwell is in the Baptist College here, and 500 guineas have been refused for it.

I am not aware if it is the one alluded to by your correspondents. The picture is small, and depicts the Protector without armour: it is by Cooper, and was left to its present possessors by the Rev. Andrew Gifford, a Baptist minister, in 1784.

Two copies have been made of it, but the original has never been engraved; from one of the copies, however, an engraving is in process of execution, after the picture by Mr. Newenham, of "Cromwell dictating to Milton his letter to the Duke of Savoy." The likeness of Cromwell in this picture is taken from one of the copies.

The original is not allowed to be taken from off the premises on any consideration, in consequence of a dishonest attempt having been made, some time ago, to substitute a copy for it.

BRISTOLIENSIS.

Manners of the Irish (Vol. viii., pp. 5. 111.)—A slight knowledge of Gaelic enables me to supply the meaning of some of the words that have puzzled your Irish correspondents. Molchan (Gaelic, Mulachan) means "cheese."

"Deo gracias, is smar in Doieagh."

I take to mean "Thanks to God, God is good." In Gaelic the spelling would be—"is math in Dia." A Roman Catholic Celt would often hear his priest say "Deo Gratias."

The meaning of the passage seems to be pretty clear, and may be rendered thus:—The Irish farmer, although in the abundant enjoyment of {280} bread, butter, cheese, flesh, and broth, is not only not ashamed to complain of poverty as an excuse for non-payment of his rent, but has the effrontery to thank God, as if he were enjoying only those blessings of Providence to which he is justly entitled.

W. C.

Argyleshire.

Chronograms and Anagrams (Vol. viii., p. 42.).—Perhaps the most extraordinary instance to be found in reference to chronograms is the following:

"Chronographica Gratulatio in Felicissimum adventum Serenissimi Cardinalis Ferdinandi, Hispaniarum Infantis, a Collegio Soc. Jesu. Bruxellae publico Belgarum Gaudio exhibita."

This title is followed by a dedication to S. Michael and an address to Ferdinand; after which come one hundred hexameters, every one of which is a chronogram, and each chronogram gives the same result, viz. 1634. The first three verses are,—

"AngeLe CaeLIVogI MIChaeL LUX UnICa CaetUs. Pro nUtU sUCCInCta tUo CUI CUnCta MInIstrant. SIDera qUIqUe poLo gaUDentIa sIDera VoLVUnt."

The last two are,—

"Vota Cano: haeC LeVIbus qUamVIs nUnC InCLyte prInCeps. VersICULIs InCLUsa, fLUent in saeCULa CentUm."

All the numeral letters are printed in capitals, and the whole is to be found in the Parnassus Poeticus Societatis Jesu (Francofurti, 1654), at pp. 445-448. of part i. In the same volume there is another example of the chronogram, at p. 261., in the "Septem Mariae Mysteria" of Antonius Chanut. It occurs at the close of an inscription:

"StatUaM hanC—eX Voto ponIt FernanDUs TertIUs AUgUstUs."

The date is 1647.

"Henriot, an ingenious anagrammatist, discovered the following anagram for the occasion of the 15th:

'Napoleon Bonaparte sera-t-il consul a vie, La [le] peuple bon reconnoissant votera Oui.'

There is only a trifling change of a to e."—Gent. Mag., Aug. 1802, p. 771.

The following is singular:

"Quid est veritas? = Vir qui adest."

I add another chronogram "by Godard, upon the birth of Louis XIV. in 1638, on a day when the eagle was in conjunction with the lion's heart:"

"EXorIens DeLphIn AqUILa CorDIsqUe LeonIs CongressU GaLLos spe LaetItIaqUe refeCIt."

B. H. C.

"Haul over the Coals" (Vol. viii., p. 125.).—This appears to mean just the same as "roasting"—to inflict upon any one a castigation per verbum and in good humour.

To cover over the coals is the same as to cower over the coals, as a gipsy over a fire. Thus Hodge says of Gammer Gurton and Tib, her maid:

"'Tis their daily looke, They cover so over the coles their eies be bleared with smooke."

To carry coals to Newcastle is well understood to be like giving alms to the wealthy; but viewed in union with the others would show what a prominent place coals seem to have in the popular mind.

B. H. C.

Poplar.

Sheer Hulk (Vol. viii., p. 126.).—This phrase is certainly correct. Sheer = mere, a hulk, and nothing else. Thus we say sheer nonsense, sheer starvation, &c.; and the song says:

"Here a sheer hulk lies poor Tom Bowling, The darling of our crew," &c.

The etymology of sheer is plainly from shear.

B. H. C.

Poplar.

The Magnet (Vol. vi. passim).—This was used by Claudian apparently as symbolical of Venus or love:

"Mavors, sanguinea qui cuspide verberat urbes, Et Venus, humanas quae laxat in otia curas, Aurati delubra tenent communia templi, Effigies non una Deis. Sed ferrea Martis Forma nitet, Venerem magnetica gemma figurat."—Claud. De Magnete.

B. H. C.

Poplar.

Fierce (Vol. viii., p. 125.).—OXONIENSIS mentions a peculiar use of the word "fierce." An inhabitant of Staffordshire would have answered him: "I feel quite fierce this morning."

W. FRASER.

Tor-Mohun.

Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages (Vol. viii., p. 174.).—Your correspondent M. will find some curious and interesting articles on this subject in vol. ii. of The Scottish Journal, Edinburgh, 1848, p. 129. et infra.

DUNCAN MACTAVISH.

Lochbrovin.

Acharis (Vol. viii., p. 198.).—A mistake, probably, for achatis, a Latinised form of achat, a bargain, purchase, or act of purchasing. The passage in Dugdale seems to mean that "Ralph Wickliff, Esq., holds two-thirds of the tithes of certain domains sometime purchased by him, {281} formerly at a rental of 5s., now at nothing, because, as he says, they are included in his park."

J. EASTWOOD.

Henry, Earl of Wotton (Vol. viii., p. 173.).—Philip, first Earl of Chesterfield, had a son Henry, Lord Stanhope, K.B., who married Catherine, the eldest daughter and co-heir of Thomas, Lord Wotton, and had issue one son Philip, and two daughters, Mary and Catherine. Lord Stanhope died s. p. Nov. 29, 1634. His widow was governess to the Princess of Orange, daughter of Charles I., and attending her into Holland, sent over money, arms, and ammunition to that king when he was distressed by his rebellious subjects. For such services, and by reason of her long attendance on the princess, she was, on the restoration of Charles II. (in regard that Lord Stanhope, her husband, did not live to enjoy his father's honours), by letters patent bearing date May 29, 12 Charles II., advanced to the dignity of Countess of Chesterfield for life, as also that her daughters should enjoy precedency as earl's daughters.

She took to her second husband John Poliander Kirkhoven, Lord of Kirkhoven and Henfleet, by whom she had a son, Charles Henry Kirkhoven, the subject of the Query.

This gentleman, chiefly on account of his mother's descent, was created a baron of this realm by the title of Lord Wotton of Wotton in Kent, by letters patent bearing date at St. Johnstone's (Perth) in Scotland, August 31, 1650, and in September, 1660, was naturalised by authority of parliament, together with his sisters. He was likewise in 1677 created Earl of Bellomont in Ireland, and, dying without issue, left his estates to his nephew Charles Stanhope, the younger son of his half-brother the Earl of Chesterfield, who took the surname of Wotton.

This information is principally from Collins, who quotes "Ec. Stem. per Vincent." I have consulted also Bank's Dormant Baronage, Burke's Works, and Sharpe's Peerage.

BROCTUNA.

Bury, Lancashire.

Anna Lightfoot (Vol. vii., p. 595.).—An account of "the left-handed wife of George III." appeared in Sir Richard Phillips' Monthly Magazine for 1821 or 1822, under the title of (I think) "Hannah Lightfoot, the fair Quaker."

ALEXANDER ANDREWS.

Lawyers' Bags (Vol. viii., p. 59.).—Previous correspondents appear to have established the fact that green was the orthodox colour of a lawyer's bag up to a recent date. May not the change of colour have been suggested by the sarcasms and jeers about "green bags," which were very current during the proceedings on the Bill of Pains and Penalties, commonly known as the Trial of Queen Caroline, some thirty years ago? The reports of the evidence collected by the commission on the Continent, was laid on the table in a sealed green bag, and the very name became for a time the signal for such an outcry, that the lawyers may have deemed it prudent to strike their colours, and have recourse to some other less obnoxious to remark.

BALLIOLENSIS.

"When Orpheus went down" (Vol. viii., p. 196.).—In reply to the Query of G. M. B. respecting "When Orpheus went down," I beg to say that the author was the Rev. Dr. Lisle (most probably the Bishop of St. Asaph). The song may be found among Ritson's English Songs. When it was first published I have not been able to ascertain, but it must have been in the early part of the last century, as the air composed for it by Dr. Boyce, most likely for Vauxhall, was afterwards used in the pasticcio opera of Love in a Village, which was brought out in 1763.

C. OLDENSHAW.

Leicester.

Muffs worn by Gentlemen (Vol. vi. passim; Vol. vii., p. 320.).—In Lamber's Travels in Canada and the United States (1815), vol. i. p. 307., is the following passage:

"I should not be surprised if those delicate young soldiers were to introduce muffs: they were in general use among the men under the French government, and are still worn by two or three old gentlemen."

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

Wardhouse, and Fisherman's Custom there (Vol. viii., p. 78.).—Wardhouse or Wardhuuse, is a port in Finland, and the custom was for the English to purchase herrings there, as they were not permitted to fish on that coast. In Trade's Increase, a commercial tract, written in the earlier part of the seventeenth century, the author, when speaking of restraints on fishing on the coasts of other nations, says:

"Certain merchants of Hull had their ships taken away and themselves imprisoned, for fishing about the Wardhouse at the North Cape."

W. PINKERTON.

Ham.

"In necessariis unitas," &c. (Vol. viii., p. 197.).—The sentence, "In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas," may be seen sculptured in stone over the head of a doorway leading into the garden of a house which was formerly the residence of Archdeacon Coxe, and subsequently of Canon Lisle Bowles, in the Close at Salisbury. It is quoted from Melancthon. The inscription was placed there by the poet, and is no less the record of a noble, true, and generous sentiment, than of the discriminating taste and feeling of him by whom it was thus appreciated and honoured. {282} Would that it might become the motto of all our cathedral precincts!

W. S.

Northiam.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Botany of the Eastern Borders, with the Popular Names and Uses of the Plants, and of the Customs and Beliefs which have been associated with them, by George Johnson, M.D. This, the first volume of The Natural History of the Eastern Borders, is a book calculated to please a very large body of readers. The botanist will like it for the able manner in which the various plants indigenous to the district are described. The lover of Old World associations will be delighted with the industry with which Dr. Johnson has collected, and the care with which he has recorded their popular names, and preserved the various bits of folk lore associated with those popular names, or their supposed medicinal virtues. The antiquary will be gratified by the bits of archaeological gossip, and the biographical sketches so pleasantly introduced; and the general reader with the kindly spirit with which Dr. Johnson will enlist him in his company—

" . . . Unconstrain'd to rove along The bushy brakes and glens among."

Marry, it were a pleasant thing to join the Berwickshire Natural History Club in one of their rambles through the Eastern Borders.

Mr. Bohn has just added to his Antiquarian Library a volume which will be received with great satisfaction by all who take an interest in the antiquity of Egypt. It is a translation by the Misses Horner of Dr. Lepsius' Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Peninsula of Sinai, with Extracts from his Chronology of the Egyptians, with reference to the Exodus of the Israelites, revised by the Author. Dr. Lepsius, it may be mentioned, was at the head of the scientific expedition appointed by the King of Prussia to investigate the remains of ancient Egyptian and Ethiopian civilisation, still in preservation in the Nile valley and the adjacent countries; and in this cheap volume we have that accomplished traveller's own account of what that expedition was able to accomplish.

We are at length enabled to answer the Query which was addressed to us some time since on the subject of the continuation of Mr. MacCabe's Catholic History of England. The third volume is now at press, and will be issued in the course of the next publishing season.

BOOKS RECEIVED.—A Letter to a Convocation-Man concerning the Rights, Powers, and Privileges of that Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by the Rev. W. Fraser, B.C.L. This reprint of a very rare tract will no doubt be prized by the numerous advocates for the re-assembling of Convocation, who must feel indebted to Mr. Fraser for the care and learning with which he has executed his editorial task.—A Collection of Curious, Interesting, and Facetious Epitaphs, Monumental Inscriptions, &c., by Joseph Simpson. We think the editor would have some difficulty in authenticating many of the epitaphs in his collection, which seems to have been formed upon no settled principle.—The Physiology of Temperance and Total Abstinence, being an Examination of the Effects of the Excessive, Moderate, and Occasional Use of Alcoholic Liquors on the Healthy Human System, by Dr. Carpenter: a shilling pamphlet, temperately written and closely argued, and well deserving the attention of all, even of the most temperate.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

THE MONTHLY ARMY LIST from 1797 to 1800 inclusive. Published by Hookham and Carpenter, Bond Street. Square 12mo.

JER. COLLIER'S ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Folio Edition. Vol. II.

LONDON LABOUR AND THE LONDON POOR.

LOWNDES' BIBLIOGRAPHER'S MANUAL. Pickering.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE LONDON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

PRESCOTT'S HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO. 8 Vols. London. Vol. III.

MRS. ELLIS'S SOCIAL DISTINCTION. Tallis's Edition. Vols. II. and III. 8vo.

HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF NEWBURY. 8vo. 1839. 340 pages. Two Copies.

VANCOUVER'S SURVEY OF HAMPSHIRE.

HEMINGWAY'S HISTORY OF CHESTER. Large Paper. Parts I. and III.

CORRESPONDENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE SOCIETY. 8vo. London, 1813.

ATHENAEUM JOURNAL FOR 1844.

PAMPHLETS.

JUNIUS DISCOVERED. By P. T. Published about 1789.

REASONS FOR REJECTING THE EVIDENCE OF MR. ALMON, &c. 1807.

ANOTHER GUESS AT JUNIUS. Hookham. 1809.

THE AUTHOR OF JUNIUS DISCOVERED. Longmans. 1821.

THE CLAIMS OF SIR P. FRANCIS REFUTED. Longmans. 1822.

WHO WAS JUNIUS? Glynn. 1837.

SOME NEW FACTS, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850.

*** Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send their names.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

Notices to Correspondents.

REPLIES. We have again to beg those Correspondents who favour us with REPLIES to complete them by giving the Volume and Page of the original QUERIES. This would give little trouble to each Correspondent, while its omission entails considerable labour upon us.

W. C. "When Greeks join'd Greeks" is from Lee's Alexander the Great.

A CONSTANT READER. The contractions referred to stand for Pence and Farthings.

C. W. (Bradford). We can promise that if the book in question is obtained, our Correspondent shall have the reading of it.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. We hope next week to lay before our readers DR. DIAMOND's process for printing on albumenized paper. We shall also reply to several Photographic querists.

A few complete sets of "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. to vii., price Three Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is desirable.

"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

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{283}

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Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. Paternoster Row, London.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits.

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New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.

* * * * *

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J.B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of Photography. Instruction in the Art.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.

* * * * *

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1842.

* * * * *

Directors.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq. T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. G. H. Drew, Esq. W. Evans, Esq. W. Freeman, Esq. F. Fuller, Esq. J. H. Goodhart, Esq. T. Grissell, Esq. J. Hunt, Esq. J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. E. Lucas, Esq. J. Lys Seager, Esq. J. B. White, Esq. J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Trustees.—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq. Physician.—William Rich. Basham, M.D. Bankers.—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:—

Age L s. d. 17 1 14 4 22 1 18 8 27 2 4 5 32 2 10 8 37 2 18 6 42 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

* * * * *

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PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan of this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained with perfect Security.

Interest payable in January and July.

PETER MORRISON, Managing Director.

Prospectuses free on application.

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DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.—Plates. Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and Cheapest. To be had in great variety at

McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.

Price List Gratis.

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BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas, Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

* * * * *

{284}

JUST PUBLISHED, PRICE FOURPENCE,

Or sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps,

FENNELL'S SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY,

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Containing the following Interesting Articles, viz. Discovery of some of Shakspeare's Manuscripts, with Extracts therefrom; Shakspearian Deeds and other Relics; Shakspeare's Knowledge of Geography and the Classics vindicated from Hypercritical and Pedantic Commentators; Curious Old Song, by John Grange; Notes on the Tempest, Gentlemen of Verona, and Merry Wives of Windsor; Shakspeare and Bartholomew Fair; Dr. William Kenrick's Lectures on Shakspeare, &c. &c.

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Now ready, cloth, 480 pages, 8vo., price 3s. 6d., the new volume of THE BRITISH CONTROVERSIALIST: containing able Debates on many of the most important questions of the day, and a section which might be denominated "NOTES AND QUERIES FOR THE PEOPLE."

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London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN, Paternoster Row, and all Booksellers.

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Just out, price 2s.

A LETTER TO A CONVOCATION MAN, concerning the Rights, Powers, and Privileges of that Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by the REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L., Curate of Tor-Mohun.

"No reader on the subject of Convocation can any longer allow his library to be without this very valuable and, until now, extremely scarce pamphlet."—Western Courier.

Also, price 1s.,

THE CONSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF THE CONVOCATIONS OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND. BY THE REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L.

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London: J. MASTERS.

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W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT AND LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has considerable experience.

1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.

* * * * *

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of a General Collection of Ancient and Modern Gems, Cameos, as well as Intaglios. By JAMES TASSIE, Modeller. Arranged and described by R.E. RASPE, and illustrated with Copper-plates. 2 vols. 4to., London, 1791, boards, in first-rate condition, scarce, 1l. 11s. 6d.

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

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Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 26s. cloth) of THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A.

Volume Three, 1272-1377, Volume Four, 1377-1485.

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Volume One, 1066-1199, Volume Two, 1190-1272.

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London: LONGMAN & CO.

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MURRAY'S RAILWAY READING.

Just ready, with Woodcuts, fcap. 8vo., 1s.

THE GUILLOTINE. An Historical Essay. By the RIGHT HON. JOHN WILSON CROKER. Reprinted from "The Quarterly Review."

The former Volumes of this Series are—

LOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS.

HOLLWAY'S MONTH IN NORWAY.

LORD CAMPBELL'S LIFE OF LORD BACON.

WELLINGTON. By JULES MAUREL.

DEAN MILMAN'S FALL OF JERUSALEM.

LIFE OF THEODORE HOOK.

LORD MAHON'S STORY OF JOAN OF ARC.

HALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.

THE EMIGRANT. By SIR F. B. HEAD.

WELLINGTON. By LORD ELLESMERE.

MUSIC AND DRESS. By a LADY.

LAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH.

BEES AND FLOWERS. By a CLERGYMAN.

LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF THE "FORTY-FIVE."

ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."

GIFFARD'S DEEDS OF NAVAL DARING.

THE ART OF DINING.

OLIPHANT'S JOURNEY TO NEPAUL.

THE CHACE, THE TURF, AND THE ROAD. By NIMROD.

JAMES' FABLES OF AESOP.

To be followed by

BEAUTIES OF BYRON: PROSE AND VERSE.

A SECOND SERIES OF ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."

The ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. By SIR J. G. WILKINSON.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

* * * * *

Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186 Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, September 17, 1853.

* * * * *

Corrections made to printed original.

page 279, "Molchan ... means cheese": 'chuse' in original, corrected by a correspondent in Issue 206. p. 351.

page 280, "cower over the coals": 'lower' in original, corrected by errata in Issue 208.

THE END