The Niblack bore only a few nuts this year. Butterick had a very good crop for an off year, some five bushels as reported to me, and they were well filled. This tree is very large, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, 90 foot spread, located near Grayville, Ill.

The writer and my son, M. P. Reed, have top worked quite a number of large black walnuts, ranging from 3 to 9 inches in diameter. They were cut back last spring and budded in the new growth this summer, setting from 20 to 40 buds in some of the trees. Buds of the Hall, Pomeroy and Rush have taken well and look very promising. Of other varieties only a limited number have taken. We will top work several large trees this coming summer and should get results soon from these.

Pecans in the nursery have made a very satisfactory growth. The stand of buds was only fair, in some cases poor. We still have a limited number of Indiana and Busseron trees but the supply of other kinds is exhausted for this year.

We have planted 600 pounds of pecans and 50 bushels of walnuts and with the seedlings we have on hand in nursery hope to have plenty of stock to work in the future.

We had a splendid stand of grafts of the Major pecan the past spring and some of these made 4 feet of growth and calipered 3/4-inch, for grafts set May 1st.



THE LATE HENRY HALES AS A NUT CULTURIST

H. W. HALES, NEW JERSEY

About 1876 he and the celebrated writer and agriculturist, Andrew S. Puller, made extensive experiments with the large English filbert,—mostly of the Kentish cob varieties. These proved unadapted to the climate as the trees seemed to run all to growth and bore very few nuts. About this time, also, very extensive plans were laid to propagate by grafting the Hales Paper Shell Hickory. There is probably no more difficult tree in existence to graft than the hickory as, owing to the extreme hardness and close grain of the wood there is always an uncertainty about their uniting permanently, consequently the percentage of perfect trees was always small. Mr. Hales tried all kinds and methods of grafting, some were done on stocks that stood naturally in the fields, others were grafted in greenhouses, then again, others were tried in frames or sashes, and large numbers were grown in pots, and success was only attained after years of time and thousands of dollars were spent. Mr. Hales was also an enthusiastic grower of the English or European walnut and one tree which grew on his farm at Ridgewood was grown from seed given him by ex-Mayor Daniel F. Tieman of New York City many years ago.

Japanese walnuts were also grown on the farm at Ridgewood and some of these are now bearing. A large number of Japanese chestnuts were planted some years ago, and while these bore heavily for a short time they nearly all succumbed to the chestnut blight. There is some difference of opinion among nut growers on the subject, but Mr. Hales was always of the opinion that the chestnut blight was introduced into this country with the Japanese trees, and that when the Japanese trees were gone the disease then spread to the native trees. The Hales Paper Shell Hickory, it may be remarked, still holds the palm as being the largest and thinnest shell nut, and it was only by the most persistent and painstaking efforts that Mr. Hales succeeded in propagating them at all. A large number of chestnuts were grown by Mr. Hales, such as the Numbo and other varieties. Some of these were said to be purely American varieties and others hybrids, or crosses. All of the hybrid varieties seemed to lack the hardy constitution of the American and although some of the nuts were very large he did not succeed with them in the long run as well as with the native varieties. Pecans of all kinds were tried by him and choice specimens were obtained from all parts of the country. Like the hickories these were grown and grafted in different ways and the percentage of good results was always much larger than the hickories. Grafting the hickory on the pecan was of course tried, and this proved one of the best ways of propagating the hickory. Everything that he could possibly think of or do was brought to bear in his efforts at nut culture and it is some satisfaction to know that many nut lovers will have the benefit of his work and efforts, long years after he has passed away, the hickory especially being a very slow growing and long lived tree.



ABSTRACT OF PAPER BY HUMPHREY

Filbert. Black knot, Cryptosporella anomala

HUMPHREY, JAMES ELLIS. Mass. Agr. Exp. Sta., 10th an. rept., 1892, p. 242-243.

The author describes this fungus as killing the canes of the European hazel, Corylus avellana, at Palmer, Mass. The fungus appears in the form of protuberances with elliptical bases that burst the bark and rise rather thickly from the affected portions of the branch. The diseased portion is sunk below the surface of the healthy part. The interior of the protuberance, which is the fruiting part of the fungus, contains numerous black, flask-like structures whose tips reached the surface. Within the cavities of these flasks are formed the very numerous spindle-shaped spore cells, each containing, when ripe, eight colorless elliptical spores. The author noticed that the inner bark on the part of the branch occupied by the fungus is reduced to a narrow black line between the wood and the outer bark. This reduction in the thickness of the inner bark explains why the surface of the affected parts is sunken. If the entire circumference of a cane becomes involved, the result is that it is girdled, and the part beyond necessarily dies. The attacks of this fungus on the host-plant are essentially similar in their results to those of the black knot of the plum, though the immediate effect on the inner bark is here one of atrophy, while in the latter case it is one of hypertrophy. The fungus is also related to the black-knot fungus on the plum, but its life-history is not yet known. There may be other spore forms in its life cycle, and therefore it is impossible to give any more definite suggestions for avoiding it than to recommend that infected branches be cut away well below the point of infection and burned as soon as they are seen to be infected.



THE TRUTH ABOUT TREE PLANTING WITH DYNAMITE.

[Note by the Secretary.—As planting with dynamite has been especially recommended for nut trees, on account of their long tap roots which have the habit of growing down until they reach permanent water; as there has been some difference of opinion among horticulturists as to the merits of tree planting, in general, with dynamite; and in order that nut growers may know how to use this method as advised by the dynamite makers, in case they may wish to try it in setting their trees, the following description of the method advised, from the pen of Mr. George Frank Lord of the E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company, is here printed.]

During the past two years there has been considerable discussion in the agricultural press on the merits of dynamite in tree planting. The majority of orchardists who have tried the new method are enthusiastic over the results, but now and then we hear someone condemning the practice, and stating that they have tried it with poor results. It would appear from investigation that the theory of the use of dynamite in tree planting is a good one, but that the practice is sometimes incorrect, and hence fails to produce the desired results.

Purpose of Dynamiting for Tree Planting:

In the first place, to secure successful results it is necessary to understand clearly what the dynamiting is to accomplish. Some orchardists and farmers have the idea that the purpose of the dynamite is to excavate the hole for the tree and save them the trouble of shoveling out the soil. This is a wrong theory.

The object of dynamiting for tree planting is to break up the subsoil at a depth of from three to five feet so as to create a soil sponge or water-absorbing area twelve or twenty feet in diameter around and underneath the spot where the tree is to stand, so that the heavy rainfalls and melting snow of spring may be conserved in the subsoil to take care of the tree during the long dry summer.

If the force of the dynamite is used merely to blow out the soil and make digging unnecessary, it is unreasonable to expect the dynamite to do this underground work. On the other hand, when the charge is properly placed at a depth of about three feet and tamped in just enough to confine most of the force of the explosion in the subsoil, the blast will not only crack and pulverize the subsoil, but will also break up the ground around the bore hole clear to the surface, and throw it into the air, possibly a foot. It is then a very easy matter to excavate the hole for planting.

Necessary Soil Conditions:

There is no economy nor advantage in using dynamite in a soil that is loose and sandy to a depth of three or four feet. The weakness of this soil is that it allows water to percolate through it too rapidly, hence dynamite would be harmful rather than helpful under such conditions, but no matter how loose the top soil or plowed soil may be, if it is underlaid by more or less impervious clay, or even a heavy loam, dynamiting under proper conditions will certainly increase its water-storing capacity, and also make it easier for the roots to grow downward and deep.

The proper conditions referred to are that the blasting must be done when the subsoil is relatively dry, otherwise it will not crack or pulverize. Every farmer knows the disadvantage of plowing wet top soil. It is equally disadvantageous to blast a wet subsoil. Of course, some subsoils are always in a more or less damp condition and never get thoroughly dried out, but they may be safely and advantageously blasted when they are in their dryest condition.

Water-logged soil should never be blasted except for the purpose of ditching it or tiling it so as to get it into a proper condition for blasting. The ditching may be done economically and quickly with dynamite, and in many cases this will answer just as well as the more expensive tiling. When the ditching or tiling has drained this subsoil, it may then be safely blasted.

Filling the Pot-Holes:

In any heavy soil the explosion of the dynamite tends to form a cavity in the immediate vicinity of the cartridge, varying from one to two feet in diameter. The heavier or the wetter the subsoil, the larger this cavity is likely to be. After the blast the top soil should be shoveled out and laid to one side; next shovel out the subsoil and lay it on the other side of the hole; continue this excavation until the pot-hole is reached, then be careful to fill this hole reasonably tight with subsoil, the object being to prevent the possibility of soil falling away from the roots of a tree after planting, and leaving it suspended in the air. This is the cause of the death of trees planted in dynamited holes which some unsuccessful experimenters report. It takes a little time to fill this pot-hole, but the many advantages of planting trees properly in dynamited holes more than offset this extra time and trouble required to properly prepare the hole.

Planting the Trees:

After the pot-hole has been filled, continue to shovel in subsoil until the proper height is reached for planting the tree, then throw in half the top soil and spread the roots on that in their natural positions, then throw in the remainder of the top soil, next get in the hole and walk around the tree several times, tramping the top soil down tight around the roots so as to remove all large air spaces that surround the roots, then fill the hole to the surface with subsoil. Planting a tree in this way costs a few cents more per tree than the old way, but since the tree can only be planted once and the comparative records as to loss of trees the first year after planting, show an average advantage of 30 per cent. in favor of dynamited trees, namely, the loss is cut down from three to five trees per hundred, a dynamited tree grows so much more vigorously and produces fruit from one to two years earlier, therefore it pays to take the extra trouble and do the job right.

The editor of Successful Farming was at one time skeptical as to the use of dynamite in tree planting, but has been convinced from personal observation of its use in large commercial orchards, and from letters from various subscribers, that it is an important and valuable innovation in horticulture, provided it is used with proper care and discretion.



CORRESPONDENTS AND OTHERS INTERESTED IN NUT CULTURE

ALABAMA

Carver, George W., Director Department Research, Tuskegee Institute

ARIZONA

Karns, H. G., Karns Bros., Inc., Nogales

ARKANSAS

Shadle, E. A., England Watkins, J. A., Warren Hamilton, Ed., Wynne Meek, W. H., Hot Springs Jones, Herbert A., Plumerville St. John M., Wrightsville

CALIFORNIA

Payne, George C., Campbell Fitzgerald, Dr. W. W., Stockton Thornberry, Lordsburg Fuller, L. E., 1643 Sunset Blvd., San Diego Tribble Brothers Nursery Co., Elk Grove

CANADA

Griffith, H. K., Grimsby Berge, Miss Alice, 251 Queenston Street, St. Catherines Neller, Louisa, Grimbsy Book, Beverly, Grimsby East Fee, J. J., Niagara Street, St. Catherines Solvyne, F. D., Carlton Street, St. Catherines Titherington, James, Carlton Street, St. Catherines

COLORADO

Coryell, P. C., Newcastle

CONNECTICUT

Moore, R. D., Colchester Osborn, George S., Bristol White, T. P., Wilton Clingan, Una A., Robertsville Rockwell, F. P., Rockfall Bradley, John T., 180 Prospect Street, Bristol Bradley, Capt. Ralph, 459 W. Main Street, Meriden Martin, William, Hull Street, Bristol Brown, Ronald K., Colchester Hull, George W., Bristol Sage, Hollister, Waterbury

DELAWARE

Rumford, Dr., Wilmington Reed, E. B. & J. M., Frederica Tisdale, J. B., Magnolia Ellis, G. L., Millsboro Marks, Walter L., Smyrna Matthews, W. C, Room 563, duPont Bldg., Wilmington

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Burkholder, 1820 M Street N. W., Washington Fales, Dr. W. D., 78 T Street N. W., Washington

FLORIDA

Cuzner, A. T., Gilmore

GEORGIA

Fows, J. William, Adjutant Professor of Horticultural, State College of Agriculture, Athens Hardman, Dr. L. G., Commerce

IDAHO

Gehman, S. A., Boise Coventry, Neil S., Box 95, Coeur d'Alene Temple, C. E., Agricultural Experimental Station, Moscow Cattermole, Dr. P. F., Lewiston DeHaven, James, Probate Judge, Grangeville Reed, P. O. Box 587, Weiser Konrad, Henry, P. O. Box 136, Boise

ILLINOIS

Burg, F. W., Dallas City King, Thomas H., 113 North Hazel Street, Danville Krause, John O., 1341 Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago McCready, James, 1533 Portland Avenue, Chicago Heights Ricks, R. L., Staunton Roth, C. L., R. F. D. 3, Chenoa Newell, Jesse W., Country Life Club, Drawer 418, Girard Knapp, William, 854 No. Paulina Street, Chicago Hoffman, Frank H., 712 Federal Street, Chicago Voight, H. R., Bonfield Wells, Oscar, Farina Bunker, Gerald L., 408 So. Spring Avenue, La Grange Ernest, Otto M., 4238 Randolph Street, Chicago Reeves, C. H., Jr., 6453 Iowa Street, Oak Park Dupont, 2911 W. 39th Street, Chicago Fletcher, Joe, Zion City Lunak, Dr. Karel, 1662 Blue Island Avenue, Chicago Miller, C. Lester, Monmouth Yost, Z. F., 109-1/2 W. Madison Street, Pontiac Poll, Carl J., 1009 Maple Street, Danville Warren, Ezra T., R. F. D. I, Atlanta Holmes, T. H., 2816 Logan Bldg., Chicago

INDIANA

Payatte, Charles, Columbus Pershing, Henry A., South Bend Fife, Earl H., Franklin Fisher, J. T., Franklin Stevens, S., New Ross Officer, William, Madison Sage, Thomas V., Greencastle Bone, Mrs. C. W., 140 No. Grant Street, W. Lafayette Mathers, Frank C, Indiana University, Bloomington Comstock, C. H., 1605 Talbott Avenue, Indianapolis (Interior Hardwood Co.) McNamee, H. H., Honeywell Heating Specialty Co., Wabash Waltermire, Guy, Whisler Block, Marion Cherry, William, Jr., Clinton, R. F. D. 3, Box 3, Clinton Shilts, J. H., Columbia City McGregor, D. R., Marion Summers, W. R., Georgetown

IOWA

Wilhelm, Roy E., Osage Haas, Alfred L., Suite 306, Utica Bldg., Des Moines Garrett, Charles O., Willow Hill Farm, R. F. D. 1, Mitchellville Rose, Morton L., Box 633, Colfax Stoddard, Dr. Charles, Boone

KENTUCKY

Ragland, Colby B., Frankford Pyrne, P. P., 530 Center Street, Henderson Aspinwall, F. E., Cedar Springs Farm, La Grange

MAINE

Wentworth, Herbert, Skowhegan Paine, G. S., Winslow

MARYLAND

Onion, J. L., Sharon Beall, Olin, P. O. Box 19, Frostburg Landwehr, F. W., Gambrills Strickland, C. W., Berlin Myer, E. H., Keedysville Wooden, Ernest E., 1029 Calvert Bldg., Baltimore Cox, Mrs. Annie D., Glen Morris Lankford, Mrs. Ida M., Princess Anne Bowman, W. E., Snow Hill Hudson, P. O., Harold Franklin Davis Nurseries, Baltimore Evans, H. Cecil, 126 W. 25th Street, Baltimore Kerr, Dr. Eugene, Monkton

MASSACHUSETTS

Chase, J. S., Maiden Pressey, C. Park, 8 Beacon Street, Boston Bridges, Herbert C., Box 246, North Cohasset Marlborough, James, Topsfield, care of T. E. Proctor Estate Stevens, Abel T., Wellesley Smith, Fred A., Director Independent Agricultural School, Hathorne Wallis, Fred H., 27 Conant Street, Beverly Schultz, Mrs. Fritz, 335 Cornell Street, Roslindale Knight, C. F., Rowley Jenks, Albert R., Hampden County Improvement League, Springfield Thrasher, Miss Mertia P., Sharon Crowell, Elkanah, Hyannis Mason, H. R., Falmouth Kimball, G. N., 10 Whitlowe Road, West Newton Graves, Louise B., 8 Chestnut Street, Boston Jones, Dr. L. A., Falmouth Bingham, Dr. Russell, Fitchburg Robbins, A. N., Puritan Fruit Co., 13 Faneuil Hall, Boston

MICHIGAN

Carter, Bert, Middleville Rhodes, W. E., Maple Street, Albion Wiegand, Frank J., 970 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit Foote, Mrs. W. K., Milford Miller, Orville I., Augusta Veith, Alfred C, 56 Haynes Avenue, Detroit

MINNESOTA

Savage, L. H., Red Wing Guinotte, 653 Lincoln Avenue, St. Paul Ramer, W. A., 1542 Hillside Avenue, No. Minneapolis

MISSOURI

Cloden, Charles J., Kansas City James, William H., Lock Box 174, Mountain Grove Van Realte, C., General Delivery, Sedalia Black, J. W., Silica Kirkpatrick, J. H., Richmond McKinney, J. F., Bolivar Herter, O. F., 2757 Russell Avenue, St. Louis Rust, R. S., Hardin McCrary, Byron B., El Dorado Springs Stevenson, Marion, 2710 Pine Street, St. Louis Bennington, W. M., 118 Wabash Avenue, Kansas City

NEBRASKA

Bessey, Charles E., Department of Botany, University of Nebraska, Lincoln Kerr, Leslie, 830 S. 21st Street, Omaha Stewart, L. L. E., Brown Block, Omaha Bicknell, Miss Lula, Randolph

NEVADA

Van Derwerker, Jerome L., Washoe County, Bank Bldg., Reno

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Colby, Forest, Enfield

NEW JERSEY

Hervey, Orlanda, Verona Hale, H. E., Preston Clark, Herbert H., Crystal Lake Morris, B. L., 179 Orving Avenue, Bridgeton Anderson, S., 612 Mt. Prospect Avenue, Newark Hampton, George, Bridgeton Pettengill, George T., 25 Essex Avenue, Orange Stevens, C. W., Jr., 13 Kirkpatrick Street, New Brunswick Goodwin, A. T., Greenwick, Cumberland County Brarens, J. E., Martinsville Sked, N. S., Pennington

NEW YORK

Mulligan, F. I. L., Earlville Pickering Brothers, Fairport Warren, G. W., Ilion Hospital, Ilion Baker, A. A., Hoosick Falls Towner, A. B., Fillmore Kinney, H. C, McGraw Benton, F. M., Northville Nichols, S. S., Brockport Bailey, A. L., The Birkett Mills, Penn Yan Robbins, Mrs. Howard C, 209 Madison Avenue, New York City Wells, Mrs. J. Harrae, 105 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, L. I. Whitmore, B. F., 520 Park Avenue, Rochester Moore, William C. & Co., Newark Seeley, Col. Charles, Suite 618, 1472 Broadway, New York City Siddons, H. E., 214 Glenwood Avenue, Rochester Sleight, David B., Arlington Klamroth, Wilfred, 11-1/2 W. 37th Street, New York City Bear, C. E., P. O. Box 192, Madison Square Station, New York City Champlin, C. A., Hammondsport Bingle, C. W., 214 Marion Street, Brooklyn Fiske, Haley, 1 Madison Avenue, New York City King, John H., P. O. Box 18, Middletown Curtis, H. D., Manlius Ireland, J. J., Clarkson Tack, E. C, Newark Hyde, Fred W., 201 Main Street, Jamestown

NORTH CAROLINA.

Williamson, I. W., Carthage Boyce, John P., Morven Morrison, G. W., Taylorsville Hanes, F. Francis, Greensboro Howard, P. Joe, Pomona Breece, J. S., R. F. D. 6, Fayetteville Hollingsworth, W. F., Glade Valley, North Carolina School Harbeck, Dr. E. V., Weaverville McCleod, John A., Carthage Pearson, P. M., Charlotte

OHIO

Wilson, W. H., North Oak Street, Marion Day, William H., Hedge Hill Farm, North Lima Smith, Fred, Lima Bancroft, Allen, Garrettsville Smith, Albert M., Flushing Cox, U. T., Proctorville Leonard, Levi, Middletown Kelch, L. R., Nelsonville Witte, O. M., Amherst Sowers, W. L., Cuyahoga Falls Kircher, Fred, 221 So. McDonough Street, Dayton Cruickshank, R. B., State University, Columbus Mann, George, New Burlington, Clinton County McEndree, A. A., Superintendent Public Schools, Canal Winchester Frye, R. W., Farmdale Paulin, W. H., Poland Meyers, A. E., 14 No. Forge Street, Akron Carson, R. B., Fruit Cliff Farm, Middleport Woodmansee, Dr. R. D., 51 E. State Street, Columbus Blackford, L., Akron, R. F. D. 25, Akron Hill, George F., R. F. D. 5, Columbus Compton, William V., Loveland Denny, Mark E., Middletown Cromer, F. Gillum, 1314 No. Main Street, Dayton Stevens, C. E., P. O. Box 60, Cleveland

OKLAHOMA

Howell, Mrs. O. E., Oktaha

OREGON

Lewis, C. I., Chief Division of Horticulture, Agricultural College and Experiment Station, Corvallis Prince, Thomas, Dundee Bond, T. J.

PENNSYLVANIA

Falkenstein, G. N., Elizabethtown Sellier, W. H., Pequea, Lancaster County Williams, J. S., Smithton Herr, Martin, Lancaster Smith, L. M., Carbondale Deisher, H. K., Kutztown Lutes, C. C., Noxen Scott & Hill, Erie Gray, Will H., R. F. D. 3, Amity McBurney, Canonsburg, Pa. Kocher, Dr. J. F., Walberts Homer, 6-1/2 South Street, Warren Spangenberg, Edward, 337 W. 11th Street, Erie Degelman, William C, 435 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh Scarborough, Henry W., 522 Walnut Street, Philadelphia Heim, H. G., 508 Pine Street, Williamsport Zeller, Edwin J. P., 1228 Buttonwood Street, Philadelphia Burket, Mrs. John W., Tyrone, R. F. D., Blair County Kleffman, F. T., 1114 Twelfth Street, Altoona Brinton, William, Glen Rose, Chester County Johnston, John H., New Wilmington Dollison, H. C, 210 Spring Street, Meadville Corbett, S. W., Department International Revenue, Pittsburgh, Box 51 Kraft, H., 758 E. 10th Street, Erie Treat, Frederick H., Jr., Wayne Hazel, Boyd E., Madisonburg Ballou, C. F., Halifax Barnes, R. G., 1312 Cherry Street, Philadelphia Lawson, J. H., Kittanning Smith, Adam, Columbia, Lancaster County, R. F. D. 1

RHODE ISLAND

Warren, R. W., 69 Glenham Street, Providence

SOUTH CAROLINA

Wiggin, J. B., Holly Hill

TENNESSEE

Walker, Robert S., Chattanooga Miller, I. F., Morristown Millard, Sam T., Johnson City Rodcheaver, C. A., Newport Smith, A. I., Knoxville Rose, C. E., Nashville Glasgow, C. M., Gleason Davis, R. A., Springfield

UTAH

Mabee, C. R., Chief Chemist, Ogden Portland Cement Company, Brigham City

VERMONT

Lewis, Mrs. C. A., Grafton Ingraham, Mrs. J. P., Windsor Dutton, Ira Jay, Hilltop Farm, Wardsboro

VIRGINIA

Barr, J. W., Norfolk Flanagan, William H., "Waddington," Elma Grove Bailey Orchard Company, Fishersville Weiss, H. W., Emporia Shands, William, Courtland Smith, John M., Middleburg Hood, W. T., Richmond Bechtel, J. A., R. F. D. 2, Williamsburg Jones, J. B., Sec'y, The Peanut Growers Assistant of Virginia, Elberon Caroer, W. N., Cismont Nourse, H. O., Lyndehurst Duke, W. R., Charlottesville Long, A. R., Krise Bldg., Lynchburg Fletcher, Dr. S. W., Director Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg Clevenger, C. C., Stephenson Purdy, Mrs. R. S., 218 Willard Avenue, Phoebus Meschendorf, H. H., Piedmont Villa, Forest Depot Laing, Sam L., Shores

WASHINGTON

Kiesling, F. W., 409 Waverly Place, Spokane Quarnberg, A. A., District Horticultural Inspector, Vancouver Reynolds, F. Eliot, Irondale Beebe, Charles S., Jr., Beebe Corkery, Dr. John R., Co. Health Officer, 215 Hutton Bldg., Spokane Bailey, Dr. Edward, Mansfield, Douglas County Coupe, Mrs. Nora D., Coupeville

WEST VIRGINIA

Smoot, John Thurman, Smoot Stricklin, L., Cameron Dennison, William, Bristol Bacon, Nathaniel, Talcott Gary, J. R., Cairo

WISCONSIN

Richter, W. A., R. F. D. 9, Box 99, N. Milwaukee Shipman, Dr. K. W., 402 Jackman Block, Janesville



AUTHORITIES AND SPECIAL CORRESPONDENTS

The following list is made up of the names of authorities or correspondents whose special knowledge of local conditions enables them to give information or advice of special value. With some of them arrangements have been made to take charge of inquiries and other local nut matters. Some of them are connected with state or government experiment or educational institutions and will answer any inquiries.

The United States Department of Agriculture at Washington, D. C., will always respond to requests for information, referring them to the best authority available, many of whom are to be found in the various bureaus.

The secretary of this Association is always glad to do his best when no better authority is to be found. He intends in the future to refer many inquiries to those who have a better knowledge of local conditions.

ALABAMA

Theodore Bechtel, Ocean Springs, Mississippi

ARIZONA

Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah C. R. Biederman, Garces, Cochise County Robert A. Rogers, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Canille

ARKANSAS

S. H. James, Mound, Louisiana J. F. Jones, Lancaster, Pennsylvania United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

CALIFORNIA

Ralph E. Smith, Superintendent of Experiment Station, Berkeley George C. Payne, Campbell Frank Leib, San Jose Dr. W. W. Fitzgerald, Stockton Harry P. Stabler, Yuba City C. W. Beers, Santa Barbara J. B. Neff, Anaheim

CANADA

Enquire of the Secretary of the Northern Nut Growers Association, Georgetown, Connecticut

COLORADO

Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah. For west of the Rocky Mountains.

CONNECTICUT

Dr. Robert T. Morris, Stamford Dr. W. C. Deming, Secretary Northern Nut Growers Association, Georgetown

DELAWARE

J. W. Killen, Felton C. A. McCue, Professor of Horticulture, Newark United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

FLORIDA

H. Harold Hume, Glen Saint Mary W. W. Carroll, Monticello

GEORGIA

Col. C. A. Van Duzee, President National Nut Growers Association, Cairo J. B. Wight, Secretary National Nut Growers Association, Cairo J. W. Firor, Assistant Professor of Horticulture, Athens H. W. Smithwick, Americus

IDAHO

C. C. Vincent,. Professor of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Moscow Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist, State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah. for southern part of Idaho.

ILLINOIS

E. A. Riehl. Alton Norman W. Casper, New Burnside

INDIANA

T. P. Littlepage, President Northern Nut Growers Association, Boonville C. G. Woodbury, Chief in Horticulture, Purdue University, Lafayette W. C. Reed, Vincennes Mason J. Niblack, Vincennes R. L. McCoy, Lake

IOWA

Dr. A. B. Dennis, Cedar Rapids

KANSAS

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

KENTUCKY

C. W. Matthews, Horticulturist, State Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington

LOUISIANA

H. E. Van Deman, Ferriday S. H. James, Mound J. F. Jones, Lancaster, Pa.

MAINE

D. H. Knowlton, Farmington

MARYLAND

F. S. Holmes, M. S., Agricultural Experiment Station, College Park Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

MASSACHUSETTS

Secretary Northern Nut Growers Association, Georgetown, Ct.

MICHIGAN

F. A. Wilken, Associate Editor Michigan Farmer, Detroit

MINNESOTA

Col. C. A. Van Duzee, President National Nut Growers Association, Commercial Club, St. Paul A. W. Latham, Secretary State Horticultural Society, 207 Kasota Building, Minneapolis

MISSISSIPPI

Charles E. Pabst, Ocean Springs Theodore Bechtel, Ocean Springs

MISSOURI

W. L. Howard, Assistant Horticulturist, Columbia

MONTANA

M. L. Dean, Horticulturist, Missoula

NEBRASKA

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

NEVADA

Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah

NEW HAMPSHIRE

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

NEW JERSEY

J. T. Lovett, Little Silver

NEW MEXICO

Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah

NEW YORK

Robert T. Morris, 616 Madison Ave. New York City

For Long Island Henry Hicks, Westbury Station H. B. Fullerton, Director Long Island Railroad Agricultural Station, Medford

NORTH CAROLINA

W. N. Hutt, State Horticulturist, Raleigh

NORTH DAKOTA

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

OHIO

See Indiana

OKLAHOMA

N. O. Booth, Horticulturist, Stillwell

OREGON

C. I. Lewis, Agricultural College Experiment Station, Corvallis V. R. Gardner, Associate Professor of Horticulture, Corvallis J. C. Cooper, Chief Yamhill Walnut Experiment Station, McMinnville

PENNSYLVANIA

J. G. Rush, West Willow J. F. Jones, Lancaster F. N. Fagan, Department of Horticulture, State College

RHODE ISLAND

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

SOUTH CAROLINA

W. N. Hutt, State Horticulturist, Raleigh, North Carolina

SOUTH DAKOTA

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

TENNESSEE

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

TEXAS

A. Caswell Ellis, State University, Austin E. J. Kyle, Professor of Horticulture, College Station Charles L. Edwards, Dallas, Station A F. T. Ramsey, Austin E. W. Kirkpatrick, McKinney R. E. Blair, United States Experiment Farm, San Antonio J. W. Canada, Houston

UTAH

Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist State Agricultural College, Logan

VERMONT

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

VIRGINIA

W. N. Roper, Petersburg J. Russell Smith, Roundhill

WASHINGTON

A. A. Quarnberg, District Horticultural Inspector, Vancouver

WEST VIRGINIA

E. D. Sanderson, Director State Experiment Station, Morgantown

WISCONSIN

James G. Moore, Horticulturist, Madison

WYOMING

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

THE CHESTNUT BLIGHT AND IMMUNE HYBRIDS.

To persons who are interested in growing chestnuts, the following papers are of importance. They are published in the Journal of Heredity for January, 1914, Paul B. Popenoe, Editor, 511 Eleventh St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

"The Chestnut Bark Disease," by Haven Metcalf, United States Department of Agriculture.

"Chestnut Breeding Experience," by Walter Van Fleet, United States Department of Agriculture.

"Chestnut Blight Resistance," by Dr. Robert T. Morris, New York City.

The following important publications are not listed in Circular No. 3:

Walnut Culture in California. Walnut Blight. Bulletin 231, Agricultural Experiment Station Berkeley, California, August, 1912.

The Persian Walnut Industry in the United States. By E. R. Lake. Bulletin 254, Bureau Plant Industry United States Department of Agriculture, February, 1913.

Bulletin No. 1. Yamhill Walnut Experiment Station, McMinnville, Oregon, January 2, 1914.



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