At the World's Eugenics Congress held in New York last fall, Professor Davenport expressed the opinion that the human race will ultimately perish, and Major Darwin, son of Charles Darwin, one of the world's leading economists, gave expression to similar views. We are evidently traveling a downhill road and the tide of degeneracy is rising so fast it will certainly sweep us on to race extinction unless we return to sane and biologic living. We are primates, not carnivores like the dog, nor omnivores like the hog. The primates are fruit and nut eaters in whatever part of the world they are found. All the primates adhere to the family bill of fare. The gorilla, reigning king of beasts in the forests of the Congo, his somewhat lesser relative, the chimpanzee, which tenants a wide area of the Dark Continent, the orang-utan of Borneo, and the gibbon of tropical Asia, diversified as they are in form and habitat, are all equally circumspect in their adherence to the diet of nuts and fruits, tender shoots and soft grains, foods which Nature has prescribed as the primate's bill of fare.

A return to natural eating would doubtless do, to say the least, as much as any one thing toward checking the downward race movement, and no one who has ever studied the economics of diet will question that the only way in which the earth's dense populations of the future can be fed will be by the elimination of the flesh-pots and a resumption of the natural dietary. This is clear when we recall the fact that the Agricultural Experiment Stations have demonstrated that 33 pounds of digestible foodstuffs are required to make one pound of beef. When an animal is fattened, the creature uses a large part of the food which it consumes for its own purposes. The eater of flesh does not get back the original corn and other foods given to the animal but only a small fraction of it; and hence dense populations can only indulge in beef eating by importing meats from other countries not yet fully occupied. Evidently, the present rapid increase of the earth's population will soon bring us to a point where this enormous waste must cease. Flesh eating will have to be abandoned for economic reasons. Even the milk supply will necessarily be limited, for we are compelled to feed the cow 5 pounds of digestible foodstuffs to obtain 1 pound of water-free food in the form of milk.

Those pessimistic economists who predict that by the year 2000 the American Continent will be so densely populated that means will have to be adopted to limit the increase of population because of the scarcity of foodstuffs, are evidently not aware of the activities of the Nut Growers Association and of the marvelous efficiency of nut trees as producers of protein and fats, the two elements of our foodstuffs which are most costly because hardest to produce.

I am creditably informed that one acre of land supporting 35 black walnut trees in full bearing, will produce not less than 350 pounds of walnut meats, each pound of which has a nutritive value in protein and fats fully four times that of an equal weight of beef or an equivalent of 1400 pounds of meat. To produce a steer weighing 1600 pounds, requires two acres and two years. Two acres and two years will produce 1400 pounds of nut meats, the equivalent of 5600 pounds of beef or more than 9 times the amount of nutritive material in the form of protein and fat produced by beef raising.

Of course, the question might be raised whether nuts as a source of food are equal in value to meats, which supply the same sort of food material, namely, protein and fats. If the anthropologists are right, this is a question which need not worry us, for, according to Professor Keith, the eminent English anatomist and a leading paleontologist, and Professor Elliot, of Oxford, nuts were the chief staple of our hardy ancestors of prehistoric times. Professor Elliot, indeed, tells us in his work, "Prehistoric Man," that the first representatives of the human race who appeared in the Eocene Period were fruit and nut eaters, and were abundantly supplied with this sort of nutriment. This eminent author says,—

"On the bushes by the rivers and along the shore there were all sorts of fruits and nuts. For the subsistence of our lemur-monkey-man in the early stages of evolution, what fruits would seem a priori most suitable?

"I think that one would select the banana and bread-fruit. Ancestral forms of both were flourishing in the Eocene. Many other fruits with which man has been afterwards continually (perhaps one might venture to say most intimately) associated, occur at this period. These are, most of them, found in so many places that one is apt to think they were then of world-wide distribution.

"In the temperate brushwood and on the river-sides, acorns, hazel-nut, hawthorne, sloe, cherry and plum might be found. Here and there, he might alight upon a walnut or an almond; figs also of one kind or another seem to have been common. Palm trees existed, and some of them were of enormous size."

If, in modern times, nuts have come to be used as a luxury rather than as a staple article of diet, it must be because we have neglected to cultivate this choicest of food products which Nature is ready to provide with a lavish hand when invited to do so by our co-operation. But as the public become better informed respecting the high food value of nuts and especially in view of the steadily rising cost of flesh meats, the nut is certain to gain higher appreciation, and the writer has no doubt that some time in the future nuts will become a leading constituent of the national bill of fare and will displace the flesh meats which today are held in high esteem but which in the broader light of the next century will be regarded as objectionable and inferior foods, and will give place to the products of the various varieties of nut trees which will be recognized as the choicest of all foods.

In nutritive value the nut far exceeds all other food substances; for example, the average number of food units per pound furnished by half a dozen of the more common varieties of nuts is 3231 calories while the average of the same number of varieties of cereals is 1654 calories, half the value of nuts. The average food value of the best vegetables is 300 calories per pound and of the best fresh fruits grown in this country, 278 calories. The average value of the six principal flesh foods is 810 calories per pound or one-fourth that of nuts.

Recent studies of the proteins of nuts by Osborne and Harris, Van Slyke, Johns and Cajori, have demonstrated that the proteins of nuts are at least equal to those of meat. This has been shown to be true of the almond, English walnut, black walnut, butternut, peanut, pecan, filbert, Brazil nut, pine nut, chestnut, hickory and cocoanut; that is, of practically all the nuts in common use.

Observations seem to show that, in general, the proteins of oily seeds are complete proteins.

Cajori's research has also shown the presence of growth-promoting vitamins in abundant quantity in the almond, English walnut, filbert, pine nut, hickory, chestnut and pecan.

That the nut is appreciated as a dainty is attested by the frequency with which it appears as a dessert and the extensive use of various nuts as confections. That nuts do not hold a more prominent place in the national bill of fare as food staples is due chiefly to two causes; first, the popular idea that nuts are highly indigestible, and second, the limited supply.

The notion that nuts are difficult of digestion has really no foundation in fact. The idea is probably the natural outgrowth of the custom of eating nuts at the close of a meal when an abundance, more likely a super-abundance, of highly nutritious foods has already been eaten and the equally injurious custom of eating nuts between meals.

Neglect of thorough mastication must also be mentioned as a common cause of indigestion following the use of nuts. Nuts are generally eaten dry and have a firm hard flesh which requires thorough use of the organs of mastication to prepare them for the action of the several digestive juices. It has been experimentally shown that nuts are not well digested unless reduced to a smooth paste in the mouth. Particles of nuts the size of small seeds may escape digestion. Nut paste or "butter" is easily digestible.

Delicious nut butters may be prepared from true nuts such as the almond, filbert and pine-nut, by blanching and crushing, without roasting. Peanuts require steam roasting. Over-roasting renders the nut difficult of digestion.

More than 50,000 tons of nut butters are produced in England every year. Peanut oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil are the principal raw materials used. In face of vanishing meat supplies, it is most comforting to know that meats of all sorts may be safely replaced by nuts not only without loss, but with a decided gain. Nuts have several advantages over flesh foods which are well worth considering.

1. Nuts are free from waste products, uric acid, urea, and other tissue wastes which abound in meats.

2. Nuts are aseptic, free from putrefactive bacteria, and do not readily undergo decay either in the body or outside of it. Meats, on the other hand as found in the markets, are practically always in an advanced stage of putrefaction. Ordinary fresh, dried or salted meats contain from three million to ten times that number of bacteria per ounce, and such meats as Hamburger steak often contain more than a billion putrefactive organisms to the ounce. Nuts are clean and sterile.

3. Nuts are free from trichinae, tapeworm, and other parasites, as well as other infections due to specific organisms. Nuts are in good health when gathered and usually remain so until eaten.

In view of these facts, it is most interesting to know that in nuts, the most neglected of all well known food products, we find the assurance of an ample and complete food supply for all future time, even though necessity should compel the total abandonment of our present forms of animal industry.

Another of the great advantages of the nut is that with few exceptions, it may be eaten direct from the hand of nature without culinary preparation of any sort. Indeed, the common custom of offering nuts as dessert is an acknowledgment that in the nut the refined chemistry of Nature's laboratory permits of no improvement by the clumsy methods of the kitchen.

Every highway should be lined with trees. Many nut trees will grow on land unsuited to ordinary farm crops. The pinon flourishes on the bleak and barren peaks of the Rockies.

A few nut trees planted for each inhabitant would insure the country against any possibility of food shortage. A row of nut trees on each side of our 3,000,000 miles of country roads would provide half enough fat and protein for a population of 100,000,000.

If each one of the 6,000,000 farmers in the United States would plant and maintain an orchard of ten acres of black walnuts, the annual crop, with little or no attention, would yield not less than 3,000,000 tons of nut protein, the equivalent of more than 12,000,000 tons of meat, besides more than 6,000,000 tons of fat of the finest quality, sufficient to supply every one of 100,000,000 people with an ample amount of protein, and, in addition, the fat equivalent of 6-2/3 ounces of butter.

Nuts should be eaten every day and should be made a substantial part of the bill of fare. So long as the nut is regarded as a dainty, suitable only for dessert, the demand will be limited. But as its merits come to be appreciated, it will be in greater demand and the supply will rapidly grow in volume.

The Lime Content of Nuts

In proportion to their weight, nuts contain more lime than any other class of foodstuffs except legumes, the average being more than one-third grain to the ounce (.370 grs.). Certain nuts are surprisingly rich in lime. For example, the almond affords one and one-third grains of food lime to the ounce, while the hazel-nut or filbert affords one and three-quarters grains of lime to the ounce, or 11.3 per cent of a day's ration of lime. The pecan and the walnut are also fairly rich in lime, as is also the peanut.

An ounce and a half of each of almonds and hazel-nuts or filberts will supply one-third the total lime requirement for a day. In general, this addition to the ordinary bill of fare would be quite sufficient to insure against any serious deficiency of lime.

Meats of all sorts are poor in lime. The lime in animals is almost exclusively in the bones. One ounce of almonds, for instance, contains as much food lime as a pound of the choicest steak, and a quarter of a pound of black walnuts supplies as much food lime as nearly two pounds of average meats.

The Iron Content of Nuts

The almond, hazel-nut, chestnut, peanut, pecan and walnut, all contain a rich store of iron, the average iron content expressed as per cent. of the iron ration being 4.79, more than two and one-half times that of fruits (1.74), three times that of vegetables (1.46), greater than that of cereals and even superior to average meats. It is true that the extraordinarily high food value of nuts renders them less available than fruits as prime sources of iron, for one would have to eat 5,000 calories of chestnuts or walnuts or more than 4,000 calories of pecans or peanuts to get a day's ration of iron; but three-quarters of a pound of almonds or hazel-nuts would supply the needed quantum of iron with an energy intake of 2,500 calories, on account of their unusually rich store of iron.

It is worth while to know that vegetable milk prepared from almonds, by adding five parts of water to one part of blanched almonds made into a smooth paste, supplies two and a half times as much iron as does cow's milk in equal quantity, and furnishing the same amount of protein. It is worth noting, just here, also, that the protein of the almond is, like that of milk, a complete protein, that is, a protein out of which human tissues may be readily formed, which is by no means true of all vegetable proteins. Such a milk, however, would be somewhat deficient in lime, a lack which could be supplied by lentil soup.

A product commercially known as Malted Nuts, prepared from almonds or peanuts, has been found of very great service in meeting the needs of infants and some classes of invalids for an easily digestible liquid nourishment to take the place of milk when a substitute is needed.

The chief obstacle which at the present time stands in the way of making nuts a food staple is the meager supply. If the population of the United States should suddenly turn to nuts as the chief means of meeting their protein requirement, the total annual crop of nuts would be consumed in a day or two, or possibly less time. The American people readily change their eating habits. As nuts become more plentiful through the efforts of the Nut Growers Association, and the general enlightenment of the people concerning the superiority of this class of foodstuffs by a well conducted propaganda such as has been carried on in behalf of the raisin industry and such as the meat packers are now conducting in their effort to induce the American people to eat more meat, but of course on an honest, scientific basis rather than by means of untruthful and misleading statements, as the packers are doing, the intelligent people of this country could soon be brought to an appreciation of the great value of edible nuts and the important place which they should fill in the bill of fare.

Thirty years ago, the writer prepared a paste from peanuts which had been previously cooked by steaming or baking, and gave to the preparation the name of "Nut Butter." Little attention was paid to the product for two or three years, then it began rapidly to win favor and, according to a recent report by the Census Bureau, 56 establishments, in 1919, produced peanut butter to the value of nearly $6,000,000, and the peanut crop last year was 816,464,000 pounds. In 30 years, the peanut crop has increased from a few thousand acres to nearly 2,000,000 acres, and the peanut has come to occupy a place on the national bill of fare of considerable prominence. The peanut is not really a nut but a legume and is in flavor and other edible qualities greatly inferior to the products in which this Association is interested. Nevertheless, the fact that it is accessible has given it an opportunity to quickly gain popular favor. The writer feels very confident that if this association and other similar organizations will continue their efforts in behalf of nut growing, and will at the same time adopt measures to inform the public concerning the remarkable nutritive properties of these products which have been created expressly for the use of man and which are so wonderfully adapted to his sustenance, there will be a steady advance in their acceptance by the public and in the not far distant future, the raising of nuts will come to be as nearly universal among farmers as the production of apples or other fruit crops. If the uncultivated lands of this country not now occupied as farms were occupied by nut trees in good bearing, the annual crop of nut protein and fat would be amply sufficient, in connection with the corn, wheat and other crops harvested by our 6,000,000 farmers from our big billion acre farm to easily support a population of 1,000,000 persons. If the nut is given a chance, it will not only save the human race from perishing from starvation, but will give it a good boost upward in the direction of race betterment.

The Eat More Meat campaign which the packers are now conducting and for the support of which they at their recent convention in Kansas City, voted to raise a fund of $500,000, is being carried on by the grossest chicanery and misrepresentation. Pseudo-scientific men are being put before the public as great authorities in human nutrition and these men are sending out plausible but most misleading eulogies of meat as a foodstuff possessing essential qualities for the lack of which the American people are suffering. The only possible reason for these frantic appeals to the American people to consume more meat is the depletion of the packers' profits by the steady decrease in meat consumption which has been going on for a number of years and which begins to threaten the future development of their industry. The public will be damaged rather than benefited by an increase of meat consumption. A nation-wide campaign in behalf of the almond, the hazel-nut, the walnut, the pecan and other of our native nuts would unquestionably improve the health and vigor of the American people, provided the nut growers will supply the demand which would be created.

* * * * *

August 12th, 1922.

Dear Dr. Deming:

I have received your letters. I am sorry to answer you very late, because on March 28th my wife died. I have been again heart broken and delay everything for these few months.

I have not yet met Mr. Read, I went to the U. S. Consulate to find him, but no definite answer received yet.

The place Chuking is rather inconvenient to reach from Shanghai. I am gong to buy land near Shanghai i. e. one hour trip from business center. When I succeed that, I will remove all trees out.

I am sending you separate paper that you want for the convention.

The seeds that I sent you last year is Castanopsis sp. grows near Hangchow, 100 feet high and ever green.

Yours very sincerely

P. W. WANG.



CHINESE NUTS—WALNUT

P. W. WANG

Kinsan Arboretum, Chuking, Kiangsu Province, China.

Historic research by Berthold Laufer in his "Sino Iranica" published by Field Museum of Natural History of Chicago is very valuable. His conclusion is that China is not the original home of walnuts but imported from Persia via two routes, the earlier by Chinese Turkestan and little later by Tibet. I recommend every member to read this book. It contains many valuable historical informations about trees and vegetables in Asia.

According to the recent travel of late Mr. F. N. Meyer no grafting or budding of nut trees yet practiced in China. The walnuts varied from thinnest shell like peanut or hard shell with poor flavor. The Chinese walnut are proved to be hardier than Persian walnut in America.

There is no walnut in this province except a few in ornamental gardens. What we can get is through grocery stores. They imported them from Tientsin or Tsintao. The former is easy to crack with fine flavor and the kernel color is light. The latter is hard to crack, the internal partition has a peculiar construction that the kernel is very hard to take out even in broken pieces and the kernel has a brown color with the taste of bitterness and astringency. That shows that the walnut in Chili is far superior to that of Shantung. I do not believe that the above difference is due to the latitude, because there is one walnut tree in a garden in Soochow, a big city 50 miles from Shanghai, the nut is very good.

The Chinese way of eating walnut is just like Americans. One thing that coincides with Dr. Kellogg's treatment to a Senator's daughter. In China there is no baby fed by cow's milk. When the mother lacks milk and the home is not rich enough to hire a milk nurse, walnut milk is substituted. The way of making walnut milk is rather crude here, they simply grind or knock the kernel into paste then mix with boil water. I wish to learn Dr. Kellogg's way of making walnut milk.

One tradition that believed by most Chinese even well educated Chinese for thousands years that if you eat walnut constantly, your life will be prolonged, and if you only eat fruits and nuts excluding all provisions other than produced from trees even rice and wheat your life will be eternal. I must recall the theory of Dr. Kellogg that may be the proof of the above tradition. "Beef fats is deposited in the tissue as beef fats without undergoing any chemical change whatever; mutton fat is deposited as mutton fat; lard as pig fat etc." Perhaps the influence of animal fat reduces the life as animals are generally short lived and nut fats increases the life as nut trees live for centuries.

Chinese walnuts are sometimes met with very good ones, moreover they are hardy and free from insect or fungus attack. They are really worth while to propagate. As I can not get propagate nor scions I am now planting seedling from best nuts. I wish you are doing the same work and finally we can supply the colder world with suitable walnut trees.

I suggest one plan that I know very big amount of walnuts of best quality are exported from Tientsin to the States. You can secure the best ones by selecting from the walnut importers for planting.

There is another walnut produced in the vicinity of Hangchow Carya Catheyensis, really a hickory, last year I sent to Mr. Jones for 50 lbs. The taste is far below that of Pecan, but just 3 months ago I ate at a friend's house. The hickory kernel was roasted with sugar syrup. It lost all bitterness and has a very good hickory taste with fine hickory flavor.

Pterocarya stenoptera grows best among any other trees in this region. It resists drought very well. I like to try to use it as stock for grafting.

I do not interest in chestnut yet. As far as I know the best chestnut is produced in Lian-Shang near Tientsin.

Castanopsis from Hangchow is very nice. They said the tree is over 100 feet high and is ever green.

Hazelnut is from Chili and North. They are not so good as yours.

Chinese almond is apricot kernel, the best one is from Peking or Tientsin.

Ginkgo nuts are never eaten afresh, we eat them sometimes roasted and most times cooked with meats. In which you will find both meats and nuts of good taste.

I like Torreya Grandis very much, I think Americans do not like it because they do not use the right way. Chinese roast the Torreya nut until all moisture gone then wait they are cold and eat them. They must be kept dry after roasted otherwise the taste is not so good and a second roast is necessary.

I hope you will try the above two kinds nuts by the above way, as Ginkgo can live over thousand years and Torreya in this country is also long lived, their nut fat would keep the human tissue less easy to decay.

The pine seeds kernels are sold here for Mex. $1.60 per pound. If your pine seeds kernel are cheap, it is possible to come over. The pine seeds are Pinus Bungeana and P. Massoniana.



RESOLUTIONS ON THE DEATH OF

DR. WALTER VAN FLEET

At the thirteenth annual convention of the Northern Nut Growers' Association, held at Rochester, N. Y., September 7, 8 and 9, 1922, a committee was appointed to express the sorrow of the association at the death of its honorary member, Dr. Walter Van Fleet, at the age of sixty-four, on January 26th 1922, and to inform Mrs. Van Fleet of its action.

Dr. Van Fleet, at one time the only honorary member of the association, was made so in recognition of his services to nut growing in breeding blight resistant chestnuts and chinkapins, and of his unfailing courtesy to the association whenever asked to present the results of his investigations.

Although incomplete his experiments had already produced results of great promise and shown the way that his successors must follow. Many of us knew him personally and had visited his home and experimental grounds at Bell, Maryland, some of us more than once. Few of us knew his varied and high attainments in many other fields than plant breeding, though a moment's thought would have made a discerning person see that his modesty, self-effacement, kindliness and sympathy were things that most often come to those whose experiences of life have been the widest. His accomplishments in plant breeding and other fields, a bibliography of his writings, and the events of his life, were fully and sympathetically related in a communication written by Mr. Mulford of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture at the request of the association and read at the meeting.

The association feels that no one can ever quite take the place of Dr. Van Fleet in the field of his life work, in experimental nut breeding and in the hearts of the members of this association who had the privilege of knowing him, and it wishes to put on record its great sorrow at his untimely death in the very midst of his beneficent activity for the benefit of mankind.



RESOLUTION ON THE DEATH OF

COLEMAN K. SOBER

At the thirteenth annual convention of the Northern Nut Growers' Association, held at Rochester, N. Y., September 7, 8 and 9, 1922, a committee was appointed to express the feeling of the association at the death of one of its life members, Coleman K. Sober, at the age of seventy-nine, at his home in Lewisburg, Pa., in December 1921, and to inform his family of its action.

Colonel Sober, as he was most often called, was a frequent attendant at the meetings of the association in its early history. He was a pioneer in the culture of the chestnut in America and the grower and distributor of a variety which he called the Sober Paragon. He developed the production of this valuable variety, and its nursery stock, on a large scale and had demonstrated chestnut growing as the first of the established nut industries in the northeastern United States. He devised methods of grafting and cultivating the chestnut and invented means and machinery for harvesting and shelling the nuts, for which he found a ready market at good prices.

A man of strong personality, capable of large operations and unaccustomed to failure he found it hard to admit defeat of his deeply cherished purpose, and success already within his grasp, by that great national calamity the invasion of this country by the fatal chestnut blight. Undoubtedly he foresaw, as did other advocates of nut culture, the great help and stimulus to the industry that would result from the commercial success of chestnut culture, and it was a bitter disappointment to him to find himself helpless before the irresistable progress of the blight. This failure came too late in life for him to recover and develop new fields in nut culture which, let us believe, he would have done if he had been younger, for we know that he was an advocate of the roadside planting of nut trees and a supporter of the efforts of those of us who are striving for the success of all forms of nut culture.

Nut growing and this association have lost an able and energetic worker.

An account of Col. Sober's life and works may be found in the August 1922 number of the American Nut Journal.



Telegram from Washington, D. C.

TO JAMES S. MCGLENNON:

Deeply regret my inability attend thirteenth annual meeting. Am sure it will be great success and all will enjoy trip to your beautiful city and surrounding country. The next few years will show fine results of efforts our Association, and nut culture in north will take on new life and result in planting thousands of acres trees. I hope Washington will be selected as place for next annual meeting.

T. P. LITTLEPAGE

* * * * *

Lincoln, Nebraska, September 5, 1922

My Dear McGlennon:

Nothing would give me greater pleasure than to be in your city this week. I have been through your city five times in three years. If I had known what you have there I should have stopped there three years ago. Since it is impossible for me to be there at this time I will save my coin to purchase trees and nuts for next year.

Dr. Deming's wonderful discovery of a monster pecan tree in Hartford, Conn., together with native pecans north of Burlington, Iowa also two Iowa pecan trees growing in this city for twenty-eight years, makes the field for pecan trees a very large one viz. from the Gulf to the forty-first parallel. Tell Dr. Deming we trust his wonderful discovery does not prove to be a pignut.

Our opportunities in the north for growing nut trees I think are wonderful.

The association with you will be a great success.

Sincerely,

W. A. THOMAS.

* * * * *

August 23, 1922.

MR. JAMES S. MCGLENNON, Rochester, N. Y. Dear Sir:—

I wish to thank you for your very kind letter of the eighteenth, and beg to assure you that it would afford me great pleasure to attend and meet you and others who are doing constructive work in the cause of nut culture. Unfortunately it will not be possible for me to do so. I have been on the sick list for the past few weeks which with my eighty-five years has left me so weak that I could not endure the fatigue connected with such an undertaking.

I would much like to see the results of your work with filberts, as I believe that is one branch of nut growing that can be made a success. Some years ago I planted out some filberts and they grew very well and tried to bear nuts. But unfortunately they had been planted near some woods that contained some squirrels who invariably ate all the nuts before the time they were half grown, so I grubbed them out. Recently I planted some more farther removed from woods and hope to see them fruit soon.

Some years ago I caused some filberts to be planted in ground used by the State Horticultural Society for testing new fruits. These are still living and bearing good crops.

I feel sure you will have a good meeting and am very sorry I can not be with you. Give my best regards to my nut growing friends, to all of whom a cordial invitation is extended to visit me and see what I am doing here with chestnuts.

Truly

E. A. RIEHL.

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NEW YORK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION GENEVA, N. Y.

June 24, 1922.

Dear Dr. Deming:

It is kind indeed of you to ask me to help you out in your coming convention. Were I to be in the country I should be very glad to do anything I could to help out. I am leaving in a few days, however, to spend the summer in Europe and shall not be home at the time of your meeting.

You may be interested in knowing that we are growing some almonds on the Station grounds and that we have been trying to cross them with peaches. We think we have a cross but just what it will amount to I do not know. At any rate, we are living in hopes that sometime we may breed an almond for this part of the world. We are doing something with other nuts but not as much as I should like. We are always hoping that opportunity may offer to do more and possibly we shall be able to within a year or two.

Very truly yours,

U. P. HEDRICK.

* * * * *

The Battle Creek Sanitarium Battle Creek, Michigan September 5, 1922.

MR. JAMES S. McGLENNON, Rochester, New York

Dear Sir:—

Enclosed you will find my paper.

I am very sorry, indeed, that I could not be with you, but an unexpected amount of surgical work compelled me to remain at home. I hope you will have a most successful convention. The Nut Growers Association, in my opinion, may prove one of the most important factors in the world movement for race betterment.

Sincerely yours,

JOHN HARVEY KELLOGG.



ATTENDANCE

Dr. Robert T. Morris, N. Y. City, Mr. and Mrs. J. S. McGlennon, Miss Norma McGlennon, Mrs. W. D. Ellwanger, Rochester, N. Y., Mr. and Mrs. W. G. Bixby, Baldwin, N. Y., J. F. Jones, Lancaster, Pa., Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Patterson, Putney, Ga., S. W. Snyder, Center Point, Iowa, Harry R. Weber, Cincinnati, Ohio, John Rick, Reading, Pa., Jas. A. Neilson, Guelph, Canada, Joseph A. Smith, Providence, Utah, Harry D. Whitner, Reading, Pa., Henry D. Spencer, Decatur, Ills., Mr. and Mrs. Samuel L. Smedley, Newtown Square, Pa., Mr. and Mrs. Geo. H. Corsan, Brooklyn, N. Y. Jacob E. Brown, Elmer, N. J., W. R. Fickes, Wooster, Ohio, W. J. Strong, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada, P. H. O'Connor, Bowie, Maryland, Adelbert Thomson, East Avon, N. Y., A. C. Pomeroy, Lockport, N. Y., F. A. Bartlett, Stamford, Ct., Mr. and Mrs. S. H. Graham, Ithaca, N. Y., E. L. Wyckoff, Aurora, N. Y., M. G. Kains, Suffern, N. Y., Mrs. J. B. Comstock, Hollywood, Cal., Joseph Baker Comstock, III, Hollywood, Cal., Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Hoopes, Pa. John Dunbar, Rochester, N. Y., R. E. Horsey, John P. Lauth, Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Rawnsley, Geo. B. Tucker, Mrs. C. R. Nolan, D. D. Culver, M. L. Culver, C. A. Vick, Mrs. K. Dugan, W. J. Nolan, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Garrison, Mr. and Mrs. Clifford Spurr, Miss K. M. Pirrung, Miss Ida Schlegel, Alois Piehler, Miss Robena Murdoch, John Herringler, Mr. and Mrs. Conrad Vollertsen, Elwood D. Haws, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph T. Olcott, Rochester, N. Y.

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List of Nuts exhibited before the Northern Nut Growers Association September 7-8-9, 1922 at Rochester, N. Y., by Park Department.

Black Walnut, Juglans nigra, United States. English Walnut, Juglans Regia, Europe and China. Western Walnut, Juglans major, Western States. Hybrid Walnut from Washington, D. C, supposed hybrid between Juglans rupestris and Juglans nigra. Butternut, Juglans cinerea, North America. Siebold's Butternut, Juglans Sieboldiana, Japan. Juglans cathayensis, China. Juglans coarctata, Japan. Winged Chinese Walnut, Pterocarya stenoptera, China. Winged Caucasian Walnut, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, West Asia. King-Nut, Carya laciniosa, United States. Shagbark, Carya ovata, North America. Carya ovata ellipsoidalis, United States. Ash-leaved Hickory, Carya ovata fraxinifolia, United States. False Shagbark, Carya ovalis, United States. Small Fruited Hickory, Carya ovalis odorata, North America. Carya ovalis obovalis, North America. Carya ovalis obcordata, United States. Pignut, Carya glabra, North America. Large Pignut, Carya glabra megacarpa, United States. Bitternut, Carya cordiformis, North America. Hybrid Hickory, X Carya Laneyi, Carya cordiformis X Carya ovata. Hybrid Hickory, X Carya Dunbarii, Carya laciniosa X Carya ovata. Beaked Hazel, Corylus rostrata, North America. American Hazel, Corylus americana, North America. European Hazel, Corylus Avellana, Eastern Hemisphere. Constantinople Hazel, Corylus Colurna, South Europe. Manchurian Hazel, Corylus mandshurica, Manchuria. Sweet Chestnut, Castanea dentata, United States. European Chestnut, Castanea sativa, Europe to China. Japanese Chestnut, Castanea crenata, Japan, China. Chinquapin, Castanea pumila, United States.

By the McGlennon-Vollertsen Filbert Nursery, twenty or more plates, of about a quart each, of named varieties of the European filbert grown in these Rochester nurseries, a very striking exhibit in demonstration of the commercial possibilities of this nut. By E. L. Wyckoff, Aurora, N. Y., a cluster of Indiana pecans, grown on a grafted tree at Aurora, of good size, apparently, other qualities not determined. A cluster of two small pecans grown on the great pecan tree in Hartford, Ct. One of these nuts was matured and filled. Brought by W. C. Deming who showed also chinkapins grown in Hartford and Redding, Conn. two strains of the Van Fleet hybrid chinkapins, Chinese chestnuts, C. mollissima, Japanese chestnuts, clusters of Kirtland and Griffin shagbarks from grafted trees, Ridenhauer almonds and several varieties of European and American filberts, all grown in Redding, Ct. filberts from the large trees at Bethel, Ct. and the large Sayre English walnut from Danbury, Ct. Illinois wild almonds were exhibited by Henry D. Spencer of Decatur, Ills. These have a fleshy covering like a thin peach. Mr. P. H. O'Connor showed specimens of the O'Connor hybrid walnut, J. regia X. J. nigra, and the Indiana hazel. Mr. A. C. Pomeroy had an exhibit of the Pomeroy English walnut. There were a number of other exhibits which have escaped record.

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