24. Names of Athletic Teams.—Capitalize names of athletic teams: as, Giants, Cubs, Badgers, Tigers, Maroons.

25. Festivals and Holidays.—Begin the names of festivals and holidays with capital letters: as, Easter, Thanksgiving, Christmas, Labor day.

26. Societies, Political Parties, etc.—Write with capitals the names of clubs, secret societies, religious denominations, colleges, political parties, corporations, railroads, and organizations generally: as Riverview Country club, Elks, Baptist church, Mills college, Republican party, Santa Fe railroad, etc.

27. Ordinal Numbers.—Ordinal numbers used to denote sessions of congress, political divisions, and city wards are written with capital letters: as, Sixty-second congress, Tenth precinct, Third ward, etc.

28. Names of Buildings, Squares, Parks, etc.—Names of buildings, blocks, squares, parks, drives, etc., are capitalized: as, Times building, Temple block, Yellowstone park, Sheridan road, etc.

29. Common Nouns Joined with Proper Names.—Capitalize any common noun joined with a proper name and meaning the same thing, when the common noun precedes. Do not capitalize the common noun if it follows the proper name. Thus: Columbia university, University of Chicago, First Presbyterian church, Church of the Savior, National Bank of North America, First National bank, Memorial day, Fourth of July.

30. Boards, Committees, Legislative Bodies, etc.—Do not capitalize names of boards, bureaus, offices, departments, committees, legal, legislative, and political bodies, etc., when standing alone: as, school board, weather bureau, war office, health department, nominating committee, assembly, state senate, lower house, city council.

31. Prefixes "von," "de," etc.—Do not capitalize the prefixes von, de, di, le, la, etc., except when they begin a sentence: as, Capt. von Papen.

32. Toasts.—In toasts, capitalize all the important words in the phrase indicating the person, the place, or the cause to which the toast is made: as, "My Country—May it always be right; but, right or wrong, my country."

33. Nouns Followed by Numerals.—Do not capitalize a noun followed by a numeral indicating position, place, or order of sequence: as, lot 14, block 3; article III, section 6, act v, etc.

34. Resolutions for Debate.—In resolutions for debate, capitalize the Resolved and the That following.

Right.—Resolved, That Missouri should establish schedules of minimum wages for workmen, constitutionality conceded.

2. The Period

35. Roman Numerals.—Omit the period after roman numerals: as, Louis XIV of France.

36. Abbreviations.—Place a period after abbreviated words and after single or double initial letters representing single words: as, Wm., Thos., Ph.D., LL.D., etc.

37. Contractions.—Do not put a period after contracted words, including nicknames: as, Bill, Tom, can't, hadn't, etc.

38. Side-Heads.—Put a period after side-heads, including figures at the beginning of a paragraph. Compare, for example, the period after Side-Heads at the beginning of this paragraph.

3. The Colon

39. Formal Quotations.—A colon is used to introduce a formal quotation.

Right.—The author also makes this significant statement: "There is every reason to believe that this disease plays a larger part in the production of idiocy than has hitherto been admitted by writers on insanity."

40. Formal Enumerations.—In lists of the dead, injured, persons present, and similar enumerations of particulars, use a colon to introduce the series.

Right.—Only four patrons appeared in this morning's police matinee: Chip Owens, Allie McGowan, Alfonso Blas, and Nick Muskowitz.

41. Time Indications.—In time indications and records place a colon between hours and minutes, and minutes and seconds: as, Gates open, 2:30; Time, 1:42.

42. General Usage.—In general, use a colon after any word, phrase, or clause when that which follows explains or makes clear what precedes.

4. The Semicolon

43. Compound Sentences.—A semicolon is used in compound sentences to separate independent clauses that have no connective between. The semicolon in such constructions, however, is fast disappearing from newspaper columns. Complex constructions are avoided. Usage favors making a separate sentence of the second clause.

Right.—Brown came first; Johnson followed five seconds later, with Jones third.

Permissible.—The murder was committed sometime before 12:00 o'clock; at 8:00 this morning the murderer was in jail.

Better.—The murder was committed sometime before 12:00 o'clock. At 8:00 this morning the murderer was in jail.

44. Lists.—In lists of dead, injured, guests, etc., where the name of the town from which the persons come or the place of residence is given, separate the different names by semicolons.

Right.—Among those present were: Allen Rogers of Las Vegas, N. M.; Orren Thomas of Benton, Mo.; Mr. and Mrs. Henry Barnes of Sioux City, Ia.

45. Athletic Results.—In football, baseball, and similar athletic results, use a semicolon to separate the names of the teams and their scores: as, Cornell, 21; Syracuse, 14.

46. Instead of Commas.—A semicolon may be used instead of a comma when a clause or sentence is so broken up by commas as to need some other mark of punctuation to keep the larger phrase- and clause-relations clear.

5. The Comma

47. Parenthetic Expressions.—Parenthetic words, phrases, and clauses, whether used at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, are set off by commas when they cause a marked interruption between grammatically connected parts of the sentence. If in doubt about the need of a comma, omit it.

Right.—He, like many others, believes firmly in the rightness of the new movement.

48. Words in Apposition.—A word in apposition with another word and meaning the same thing should be set off by commas.

Right.—Henry Owen, lineman for the local telegraph company, was the only witness of the accident.

49. With "namely," "that is," etc.—A comma is placed before and, namely, viz., that is, i.e., as, to wit, etc., when introducing an example, an illustration, or an explanation.

50. Contrasted Words and Phrases.—Set off contrasted words and phrases with commas.

Right.—Hard work, not genius, was what enabled him to succeed.

Right.—The faster they work, the better they are paid.

51. Introductory Words and Phrases.—Introductory words, phrases, and clauses at the beginning of a sentence, when they modify the whole sentence and serve as a connective, are set off by commas.

Right.—Yes, he had even tried to bribe the officer.

Right.—On the other hand, the prisoner had taken her for a member of the gang.

52. In Direct Address.—Words used in direct address are set off by commas.

Right.—Mark this, gentlemen of the jury, in his list of forgeries.

53. Explanatory Dates and Names.—A date explaining a previous date or a geographical name explaining a previous name is set off by commas.

Right.—On April 2, 1916, she was arrested at Chicago, Ill.

54. Phrases Indicating Residence, Position, or Title.—Omit the comma before of in phrases indicating residence, position, or title.

Right.—Among the out-of-town guests were Miss Helen Hahn of Gainesville, Mrs. Henry Bushman of Athens, and Orren Cramer of Atlanta.

Right.—Dwight O. Conklin of the Bessemer Smelting Company was the chief speaker.

55. Academic and Honorary Titles.—Academic and honorary titles are set off from proper names and from each other by commas: as, President O. N. Fowler, Ph.D., LL.D.

56. Names Followed by Initials.—Baptismal names or initials following a surname are set off by commas: as, Arendale, Charles V.

57. Words, Phrases, and Clauses in a Series.—The members of a series of two or more words, phrases, or clauses standing in the same relation and not connected by conjunctions, are separated by commas. When the series consists of three or more members and a conjunction is used to connect only the last two, the comma may or may not be put before the conjunction. Better usage, however, favors the inclusion of the comma.

Right.—The teller was kicked, beaten, and robbed by four masked men.

58. After Interjections.—Interjections that are but slightly exclamatory are followed by commas.

The following distinctions in the use of the interjections O and oh may be noted: oh generally takes a comma after it, O never; except at the beginning of a sentence, oh is written with a small letter, O always with a capital; and oh is used always by itself, while O properly comes only in direct address: as, O Lord of life.

Right.—Ah, the happy days and the happy city!

Right.—Oh, but the way the boys splashed!

59. Short Quotations and Maxims.—Set off short informal quotations and maxims with commas.

Right.—He was last heard to say, "If I don't return in time, call up the office."

60. In Large Numbers.—Use commas to separate large numbers into groups of three figures each: as, $2,518,675. Omit the comma, however, in dates and in street, telephone, and automobile numbers.

61. Athletic Scores.—In football, baseball, and similar records, place a comma between the name of the team and its score: as, New Orleans, 7; Memphis, 4.

62. Biblical Passages.—Place a comma between chapter and verse in citations of biblical passages: as, John 2, 15.

63. Resolutions for Debate.—In resolutions for debate, put a comma after Resolved.

Right.—Resolved, That women should be given the right of suffrage.

64. General Usage.—In general, use a comma to mark any distinct pause not indicated by other marks of punctuation, and to make clear any word, phrase, or clause that may be obscure without a comma. But do not use commas except when they are a distinct necessity. Omit them except when they are needful for emphasis or for the clearness of the sentence.

6. The Dash

65. Sudden Break in Thought.—Use a dash to mark a sudden suspension of the thought or a violent break in the construction of the sentence.

Right.—"You mean to say—Just what are you talking about?" he questioned awkwardly.

66. Date Lines.—In stories written under a date line place a dash between the date or the Special and the beginning of the story. Thus:

Sylvester, Ga., Jan. 21.—Five negroes were taken from the county jail and lynched at an early hour this morning.

67. After "namely," "viz.," etc.—Place a dash after namely, as, that is, viz., etc., when introducing an example or an illustration.

Right.—The mob seemed to hold him responsible for two things, namely—the lost key and the barred door.

68. Lists of Officers.—In giving lists of officers, put a dash between the name of the office and the officer. Thus:

The newly elected officers are: President O. N. Homer; Vice President Abner King; Secretary David Thoeder; Treasurer Mark Bronson.

69. Dialogue, Questions and Answers.—In quoting questions and answers, proceedings of public bodies or trials, and dialogue generally, put a dash between the Q. or the A., or the name of the speaker, and the statement made. And make a new paragraph for each speaker. Thus:

Q.—Are you a resident of Montana? A.—I have been for four years.

70. Slowness of Speech.—Put a dash between words or phrases to indicate slowness or hesitancy in speech. Thus: "These, he said, were his—er—wife's slippers."

7. Parentheses

71. Political Parties.—In legislative or congressional reports in which the political affiliation of a member, or the state or county from which he comes, is given, enclose the party, state, or county name in parentheses: as, Mr. Smith (Dem., S. C.), Mr. Harris (Jefferson).

72. General Usage.—Avoid the use of parentheses within sentences. Two short sentences are better than one long one containing a parenthetic expression. A sentence having a clause within marks of parentheses can generally be cut into two sentences and for newspaper purposes made more effective.

8. Quotation-Marks

73. Direct Quotations.—Quotation-marks are used to set off direct quotations printed in the same type and style as the remainder of the story. A quotation coming within a quotation is set off by single quotation-marks; and a third quotation coming within single quotation-marks is set off by double marks again. Do not fail to put "quotes" at the end of a quotation. This very common error, failure to include the "end quotes," is a source of great annoyance to printers and proof-readers.

74. Quoted Paragraphs.—When a quotation includes more than one paragraph set in the same type and style as the context, put quotation-marks at the beginning of each paragraph, but omit them at the end of every paragraph except the last. In this way the quotation is shown to be continuous. As a rule, a quotation of more than one sentence is written in a separate paragraph. When the quotation is to be set in smaller type than the body of the story, all quotation-marks at the beginning and end of the paragraphs are omitted.

75. Quotations and Summaries.—When reporting a speech or interview and alternately summarizing and quoting verbatim, do not include in the same paragraph a direct quotation and a condensed summary of what precedes or follows. Make a separate paragraph for each. Thus:

"Shall we continue to listen to a wandering voice as imbecile as our condition?" said the speaker. "When this voice recently was removed from the counsels of our government, we thought, good easy souls, that we had got rid of it forever. Has Mr. Bryan proved himself so good a prophet in the past that we can afford to trust him in the future? Personally, I have never believed in Mr. Bryan's wisdom, and I grant him sincerity only because the point is not worth arguing." Mr. Eastbrook said, amid applause, that to say the nation is too big or too proud to fight in self-defense is absurd. To say that a mob of a million or so of untrained citizenry could leap to arms and put to flight the bullet-tested soldiery of Europe is worse than puerile is murderous stupidity, he declared....

76. Books, Plays, etc.—Enclose in quotation-marks the titles of books, dramas, songs, poems, stories, magazine articles, toasts, and lectures.

77. Newspapers, Vessels, etc.—Do not quote the names of newspapers, magazines, paintings, vessels, cars, or animals.

78. Slang and Technical Terms.—Enclose in quotation-marks slang and technical terms that are supposedly unfamiliar to the reader.

79. Nicknames.—Do not quote nicknames of persons or of characters in plays or novels: as, Ty Cobb, T. R., Heinie Zim, Becky Sharp, etc.

9. The Apostrophe

80. Possessive Case.—Use an apostrophe and an s to indicate the possessive case singular, no matter whether the word ends in one or two s's: as, Burns's house, Furness's hat.[51] Use the apostrophe and s to indicate the possessive case plural when the plural does not end in s: as, men's meeting, children's shoes. Use only the apostrophe to indicate the possessive case plural when the plural ends in s: as, boys' hats, ladies' outfitter. In names of corporations, cases of joint authorship, etc., where two names are equally in the possessive case, put the apostrophe, or the apostrophe and s, only after the name nearest the thing possessed: as, Farmers and Merchants' bank, Allen and Bowen's "Classical Mythology."

[51] Occasional exceptions to this general rule are found, where euphony would be violated by the additional s: as, Ulysses' son, Moses' staff.

81. Possessive Pronouns.—Do not use the apostrophe before the s in possessive pronouns: as, its, hers, theirs.

82. Contractions.—Use an apostrophe in contracted words to indicate the omission of letters: as, couldn't, he'll, you're.

10. The Hyphen

83. Compound Words.—Put a hyphen between the members of a compound word. Words compounded with the following prefixes and suffixes are generally hyphenated: able-, brother-, by-, cross-, -elect, ex-, father-, great-, half-, -hand, mother-, open-, public-, quarter-, -rate, self-. In particular, hyphenate the following words:

able-bodied attorney-general balk-line base-hit base-line basket-ball brother-in-law bucket-shop by-law by-product court-martial cross-examine ex-president father-in-law full-back goal-line goal-post good-by great-grandfather half-back half-witted home-stretch judge-elect kick-off kick-out law-abiding life-saving line-up mail-box man-of-war mother-in-law office-seeker old-fashioned post-mortem post-office president-elect quarter-back quarter-stretch second-rate shop-girl short-stop side-lines so-called (a.) son-in-law spit-ball to-day to-morrow to-night

84. Words Written Solid.—Words compounded of the following prefixes and suffixes are generally written solid: a-, after-, ante-, anti-, auto-, bi-, demi-, -ever, grand-, -holder, in-, inter-, intra-, -less, mid-, mis-, off-, on-, over-, post-, re-, -some, sub-, super-, tri-, un-, under-, up-, -ward, -wise, -with. The following should be written solid:

anyone anyway (adv.) anywhere awhile baseball billboard bipartizan bondholder carload classmate corespondent downstairs everyday (a.) everyone fireproof football footlights footpad gateman holdup inasmuch infield ironclad juryman landlady lawsuit letterhead linesman midnight misprint misspell nevertheless newcomer nonunion northeast northwest Oddfellows officeholder oneself outfield pallbearer paymaster postcard posthaste postmaster rewrite saloonkeeper schoolboy schoolgirl semicolon shopkeeper sidewalk skyscraper snowstorm southeast southwest taxpayer typewriter upstairs

85. Words Written Separately.—Write the following as two words:

all right any time back yard every time ex officio fellow man half dollar half dozen half nelson mass meeting no one pay roll police court per cent pro tem some one some way squeeze play

86. Compound Numbers.—Compound numbers between twenty and a hundred, when spelled out, should have a hyphen: as, twenty-one, forty-three.

87. Word Division.—When dividing a word at the end of a line, observe the following rules:

1. Do not break a syllable: as, cre-ditable, attemp-ted, for cred-itable, attempt-ed.

2. Do not divide a monosyllable: as, mob-bed, tho-ugh.

3. Do not separate a consonant from a vowel that affects its pronunciation: as, nec-essity for ne-cessity.

4. Do not divide a diphthong or separate two successive vowels, one of which is silent: as, bo-wing, pe-ople, for bow-ing, peo-ple.

5. Do not separate a syllable that has been added to a word by the addition of an s: as, financ-es.

6. Do not divide hyphenated words except at the syllable where the regular hyphen comes: as, pocket-book, fool-killer.

7. Do not make awkward divisions: as, noth-ing, crack-le.

8. Do not begin a line with a hyphen.

9. As a rule, avoid dividing a word at the end of a line and never divide one at the end of a page.

10. Abbreviations

88. Abbreviations Avoided.—Abbreviations should as a rule be avoided. The coming of the typewriter into journalism has created a tendency to write out all words in full.

89. Personal and Professional Titles.—The following personal and professional titles are abbreviated when preceding proper names:

Adjt. Gen. Brig. Gen. Capt. Col. Dr. Gen. Gov. Gov. Gen. Hon. Lieut. Lieut. Col. Lieut. Gen. M. Maj. Maj. Gen. Mlle. Mme. Mr. Mrs. Prof. Rev. Rt. Rev. Sergt. Supt.

90. Use of Titles.—Use personal titles under the following restrictions:

1. Do not use Mr. before a man's name when his baptismal name or initials are given.

Not Good.—Mr. A. B. Crayton of Belleville was a guest at the Horton house to-day.

Right.—A. B. Crayton of Belleville was a guest at the Horton house to-day.

2. After a person's name has been mentioned once in a story, his initials or Christian names are omitted thereafter, and a Mr. or his professional title is put before the name.

Right.—Prof. O. C. Bowen of Atawa was a speaker at the local Y. M. C. A. to-day. Prof. Bowen chose as his subject, "The Four Pillars of State."

3. If a person has more than one professional title, the one of highest rank should be used. If he has two titles of apparently equal rank, choose the one last received or the one by which he is best known among his friends.

4. Mrs. always precedes the name of a married woman, Miss that of an unmarried woman, no matter whether the initials or Christian names are used or not.

5. In giving lists of unmarried women, precede the names with Misses, taking care always to give the full Christian name of each woman.

6. In giving lists of married women, Mesdames may introduce the names, though present usage prefers Mrs. before each name.

7. When mentioning a man and his wife, put it Mr. and Mrs. William Black, not William Black and wife.

8. Do not use Master before the name of a boy.

9. Before a Rev. preceding the name of a clergyman always put a the: as, the Rev. T. P. Frost. If the clergyman's initials are not known, write it, the Rev. Mr. Frost, not the Rev. Frost.

91. Names of the Months.—Abbreviations of the months, except March, April, May, June, and July, are permissible when followed by a numeral indicating the day of the month, but not when used alone.

Right.—Richard Malone, who was injured in an automobile collision Sept. 18, died at the county hospital to-day.

Wrong.—The time of the meet has been set for a date not later than the middle of Sept.

92. Names of the States.—Names of states, territories, and island possessions of the United States are abbreviated when preceded by the name of a town or city: as, Pueblo, Col.; Manila, P.I.

93. Miscellaneous Abbreviations.—The following abbreviations are also in good usage: Esq., Inc., Jr., A.B., Ph.D., M.D., U.S.N., etc., when used after proper names; a.m., p.m., A.D., B.C., when preceded by numerals.

94. Forbidden Abbreviations.—The following abbreviations may not be used on most newspapers:

1. Christian names: as, Chas. for Charles, Thos. for Thomas.

2. Mount, Fort, and Saint: as, Mt. St. Elias for Mount Saint Elias, Ft. Wayne for Fort Wayne.

3. Railroad, Company, Brothers, etc.: as, New Haven R. R. for New Haven Railroad, National Biscuit Co. for National Biscuit Company.

11. Numbers

95. Dates.—Observe the following rules concerning dates:

1. Write year dates always in figures: as, 1776.

2. Write month dates in figures when preceded by the name of the month: as, July 7, 1916. When the name of the month does not precede, spell out the date: as, Bills are due on the tenth.

3. Do not write the day before the name of the month: as, the 25th of December for Dec. 25.

4. Do not put a d, nd, st, or th after a date: as, Sept. 7th for Sept. 7.

96. Money.—When mentioning sums of money, use figures for all amounts over one dollar; spell out all sums below a dollar: as, $5.75, fifty cents. But if in the same sentence it becomes necessary to mention sums above and below a dollar, use figures for all.

97. Street and District Names.—Spell out street, ward, district, and precinct names designated by numbers: as, Second ward, Tenth precinct.

98. Sporting Records.—Use figures for sporting records: as, 10 feet, 5 inches; Time, :49-3/5; 18-2 balk-line.

99. Beginning of Sentences.—Do not begin a sentence with figures. If impossible to shift the number to a later place in the sentence, place about or more than before the figures: as, More than 14,000 persons passed through the gates.

100. Dimensions.—Use figures with an x to express dimensions of lots, buildings, floors, boats, machinery, etc.: as, 90x125 feet, 60-foot beam, etc.

101. General Usage.—Observe the following general rules concerning numbers:

1. Use figures to express dates, distances, latitude and longitude, hours of the day, degrees of temperature, percentage, street numbers, telephone numbers, automobile numbers, votes, and betting odds. In other cases spell out all numbers under 100, except where several numbers, some of which are above and some under 100, are used in the same paragraph. In such a case, use figures for all.



MARKS USED IN CORRECTING COPY

amb = Ambiguous. and = A bad "and" sentence. Make two sentences or subordinate one clause. ant = Antecedent not clear. Cl = Not clear. Cst = Construction faulty. Coh = Coherence not good. Con = Wrong connective. Consult = Bring copy to instructor for discussion. delta = Delete. dull = Dull reading; put more life into the story. E = Error. ed = Editorializing; too much personal opinion. FW = "Fine writing." Gr = Bad grammar. K = Awkward; clumsily expressed. ld = Poor lead; revise. P = Punctuation wrong. pt = Point of view shifted. qt = Make this a direct quotation. rep = Same word repeated too much. rew = Rewrite. sent = Use shorter sentences. Sl = Slang. Sp = Bad spelling. SU = Sentence lacks unity. T = Wrong tense. unnec = Unnecessary details; omit some of them. tr = Transpose. W = Wrong use of word. ? = Truth of statement questioned. = Begin a new paragraph. No = No needed. _ = Indent. [Horizontal parentheses] = Put the words together as one # = Separate into two words. [Upward slanting equals sign] = Hyphen needed.



CORRECTIONS



CORRECTED PROOF



PROOF-READERS' MARKS

Cap Capitalize. lc Lower case; small letter. delta Delete; omit. stet Restore the words crossed out. ^ Insert at the place indicated. [. in circle] Insert a period. /, Insert a comma. "/ Insert quotation-marks. =/ Insert a hyphen. X Imperfect letter. 9 Letter inverted; turn over. Make a new paragraph. No No paragraph. # Put a space between. [Breve] Smaller space. [Horizontal parentheses] Close up; no space needed. / / Badly spaced; space more evenly. [Breve] Quad shows between the words; shove down. wf Wrong font. tr Transpose. _ Carry to the left. _ Lower. _ Elevate. // Straighten crooked line. lead Add lead between the lines. delta lead Take out lead. (?) Query: Is the proof correct?



TERMINOLOGY

Ad Alley.—The part of the composing room where the advertisements are set.

Add.—Late news added to a story already written or printed.

A. P.—Abbreviation for Associated Press.

Arrest Sheets.—The police record on which all arrests are entered.

Assignment.—A story that a reporter has been detailed to cover; any duty assigned by the city editor.

Assignment Slips.—Slips of paper containing assignments the city editor wishes a reporter to cover. These slips are made out daily and laid on the reporter's desk at the beginning of his day's work.

Bank.—(1) One of the whole divisions of the headlines, separated from the next by a blank line; called also a deck. (2) A table or frame for holding type-filled galleys.

Bank-man.—A helper in the composing room whose duty it is to assemble type received from the different linotype machines, close up the galleys on the bank, and see that they are proved.

Beat.—(1) A definite place or section of town,—as the city hall, the capitol, the police court, fire stations, hotels, etc.,—regularly visited by a reporter to obtain news; also termed a run. (2) See scoop.

B. F.—Abbreviation for bold-face, black-face type.

Blind Interview.—An interview given by a man of authority on condition that his name be withheld.

Blotter.—The police record-book of crime.

Box.—A rectangular space marked off in a story, usually at the beginning, for calling attention to the news within the box. The news is often a list of dead or injured or of athletic records, printed in bold-face type.

Break-line.—A line not filled to the end with letters, as the last line of a paragraph. In a head a break-line may contain white space on each side.

Bridge.—The raised platform in front of the magistrate's desk in police court.

Bull.—A statement or a series of statements, the terms of which are manifestly inconsistent or contradictory.

Bulldog Edition.—The earliest regular edition.

Bulletin.—A brief telegraphic message giving the barest results of an event, often an accident, unaccompanied by details.

Catch-line.—(1) A short line set in display type within the body of a story to catch the eye of the reader and enable him to get the striking details by a hasty glance down the column. (2) A line at the top of each page of copy sent to the composing room one page at a time: as, "Society," "State," "Suicide." Such lines enable the bank-men to assemble readily all the stories and parts of stories belonging together.

Chase.—A rectangular iron or steel frame into which the forms are locked for printing or stereotyping.

Condensed Type.—Type thin in comparison to its height; contrasted with extended type.

Copy.—Any manuscript prepared for the press. Blind Copy is copy that is difficult to read. Clean Copy is manuscript requiring little or no editing. Time Copy is any matter for which there is no rush,—usually held to be set up by the compositors when they would otherwise be idle, or to be used in case of a scarcity of news. The Sunday paper is filled with time copy.

Copy Cutter.—An assistant in the composing room who receives copy from the head copy reader, or editor, cuts it into takes, and distributes the takes to the compositors to set up.

Copyholder.—A proof-reader's assistant who, to correct errors, reads copy for comparison of it with the proof.

Copy-reader.—One who revises copy and writes the headlines. Not to be confused with proof-reader.

Cover.—To go for the purpose of getting facts about an event or for the purpose of writing up the event: as, "Jones covered the prize fight."

Dead.—A term applied to composed type that is of no further use; also sometimes applied to copy.

Deck.—See Bank (1).

Department Men.—Reporters who seek news regularly in the same places, as the police courts, city hall, coroner's office.

Display Type.—Type bolder of face or more conspicuous than ordinary type.

Dope.—Slang for any information or collection of facts to be used in a story; applied specifically to sporting stories, meaning a forecast of the outcome, as in a horse-race or a boxing contest.

Em.—The square of the body of any size of type; used as the unit of measurement for making indentions, indicating the length of dashes, etc.

End Mark.—A mark put at the end of a story to indicate to the compositor that the story is complete. The two end marks used are the figure 30 enclosed in a circle and a #.

Feature.—To give prominence to; to display prominently.

Feature Story.—A story, often with a whimsical turn, in which the interest lies in something else than the immediate news value; one that develops some interesting feature of the day's news for its own sake rather than for the worth of the story as a whole. Also called "human interest" story. See page 224.

Filler.—A story of doubtful news value included for lack of better news in a column or section of a paper. The so-called "patent insides" in country weeklies and small dailies are known as fillers.

Flash.—A brief telegraphic message sandwiched between two sentences of a running story, giving the outcome before it is reached in the story: as, "Flash—Smith knocked out in fourteenth round," when the reporter's story has got only as far as the eleventh round; or, "Flash—Jury coming in; get ready for verdict," thrust into the body of a story a reporter is sending about a murder trial.

Flimsy.—Thin tissue paper used in duplicating telegraphic stories as they come off the wire.

Flush.—On an even line or margin with.

Follow Copy.—An instruction, written on the margin of manuscript, to the compositor that he must follow copy exactly, even though the matter may seem wrong.

Folo.—An abbreviation for follow, marked at the beginning of stories to indicate that they are to follow others of a similar nature: as, "Folo Suicide," meaning to the bank-man, "Put this story in the form immediately after the one slugged 'Suicide.'" See page 15.

Form.—An assemblage of type, usually seven or eight columns, locked in a chase preparatory to printing or stereotyping.

Fudge.—A small printing cylinder and chase that can be attached to a rotary press; used for printing late news. See page 18.

Future Book.—The book in which the city editor records future events: as, speeches, conventions, lawsuits, etc.

Galley.—A long, shallow, metal tray for holding composed type. From the type in this tray the first or galley proof is pulled for corrections.

Galley Proof.—An impression made from type in a galley.

Gothic.—A heavy, black-faced type, all the strokes of which are of uniform width.

Guide Line.—See Catch Line (2).

Hanging Indention.—Equal indention of all the lines of a paragraph except the first, which extends one em farther to the left than those succeeding.

Head.—Abbreviation for headline.

Drop-Line Head

SECOND YEAR OF THE GREAT WAR OPENS TODAY

Pyramid Head

Clash between Germany and Russia Occurred August 1, 1914

Cross-Line

END NOT IN SIGHT

Hanging Indention

First Anniversary Finds Little Change in Relative Strength of the Two Opposing Forces.

Hell-box.—The box into which waste lead is thrown for remelting in the stereotyping room.

Hold.—An instruction written at the beginning of copy or proof, instructing the make-up man in the printing room to hold the article, not print it, until he has received further orders.

Human Interest Story.—See Feature Story.

I.N.S.—Abbreviation for International News Service.

Insert.—One or more sentences or paragraphs inserted in the body of a story already written, giving fuller or more accurate information.

Jump-head.—A headline put above the continuation of a story begun on a preceding page.

Justifier.—A short story of little or no news value inserted at the foot of a column to fill it out evenly.

Justify.—To make even or true by proper spacing, as lines of type or columns on a page.

Kill.—To destroy the whole or a part of a story, usually after it has been set in type.

Lead.—The initial sentence or paragraph of a story, into which is crammed the gist of the article. See page 68.

Lead.—Thin strips of metal placed between lines of type to make the lines stand farther apart, and hence to make the story stand out more prominently on the printed page.

Lower Case.—(1) A shallow wooden receptacle divided into compartments called boxes, for keeping separate the small letters of a font of type; distinguished from the upper case which stands slantingly above the lower case and contains the capital letters; hence (2) the letters in that case.

Make-up.—The arrangement of type into columns and pages preparatory to printing.

Make-up Man.—The workman who arranges composed type in forms preparatory to printing.

Morgue.—The filing cabinet or room in which are kept stories and obituaries of prominent persons, photographs of them, their families, and their homes, clippings of various kinds about disasters, religious associations, big conventions, strikes, wars, etc. See page 9.

Must.—A direction put on the margin of copy to indicate that the story must be printed.

Pi.—Type that has been so jumbled or disarranged that it cannot be used until reassembled.

Pi Line.—A freak line set up by a compositor when he has made an error in the line and completed it by striking the keys at random until he has filled out the measure and cast the slug: ETAOINS

Play Up.—To emphasize by writing about with unusual fullness.

Police Blotter.—See Blotter.

Pony Report.—A condensed report of the day's news, sent out by news bureaus to papers that are not able or do not care to subscribe for the full service.

Proof-reader.—One whose time is given to reading and making corrections in the printer's proof; not to be confused with Copy-reader.

Prove.—To take a proof of or from.

Pull.—To make an impression on a hand-press: as, to pull a proof.

Pyramid Head.—A heading of three, four, or five lines,—usually of three,—the first of which is full, the second indented at both sides, the third still more indented at both sides, all the lines being centered. See Head.

Query.—A telegraphic request to a paper for instructions on a story that a correspondent wishes to send. See page 240.

Quoins.—Wedges used for fastening or locking type in a galley or a form.

Release.—To permit publication of a story on or after a specified date, but not before. See page 54.

Revise.—A corrected proof.

Rewrite.—A story rewritten from another paper. See page 218.

Rewrite Man.—A reporter who rewrites telegraphic, cable, and telephone stories, or who rewrites poor copy submitted by other reporters. See page 219.

Run.—See Beat (1).

Run-in.—To omit paragraph indentions for the sake of saving space.

Running Story.—A story which develops as the day advances, or from day to day.

Scoop.—Publication of an important story in advance of rival papers; also called a beat.

Sheets.—See Arrest Sheets.

Slips.—Slips of paper hung on the police bulletin board or pasted in a public ledger, announcing such crimes, misdemeanors, complaints, and the like as the police are willing to make public. See page 35.

Slug.—(1) A solid line of type set by a linotype machine. (2) A strip of type metal thicker than a lead and less than type high, for widening spaces between lines, supporting the foot of a column, etc. (3) A strip of metal bearing a type-high number inserted by a compositor at the beginning of a take to mark the type set by him. (4) The compositor who set the type marked by a slug. See also Catch Line (2).

Solid.—Having no leads between the lines: as, a solid column of type.

Space Book.—A book in which the state editor keeps a record of stories sent in by correspondents and space writers.

Space Writer.—A writer who is paid for his stories according to the amount of space they occupy when printed.

Special.—A story written by a special correspondent, usually one out of town.

Stick.—(1) A small metal tray holding approximately two inches of type, used by printers in setting type by hand. (2) The amount of type held by a stick.

Stone.—A smooth table top, once of stone, now usually of metal, on which the page forms are made up.

Story.—(1) Any article, other than an editorial or an advertisement, written for a newspaper. (2) The event about which the story is written: as, a burglar story, meaning the burglary that the reporter writes up.

Streamer Head.—A head set in large type and extending across the top of the page.

String.—A strip of clipped stories pasted together end to end to indicate the number of columns contributed by a space writer.

Style Book.—The printed book of rules followed by reporters, copy-readers, and compositors. See page 249.

Take.—The portion of copy taken at once by a compositor for setting up. See page 13.

30.—A telegrapher's signal indicating the end of the message; also put at the end of a story to indicate its completion.

Tip.—Secret information about an item of news valuable to a paper.

Turn Rule.—A copy-reader's signal to the composing room to turn the black face of the rule, indicating thereby that the story is not yet complete and that more will be inserted at that place.

U.P.—Abbreviation for United Press Associations.

w.f.—Abbreviation for wrong font; a proof-reader's mark of correction, indicating that a letter from another font has slipped into a word: as, the u in because.



EXERCISES

CHAPTER V

Most of the following stories held front-page positions on leading metropolitan dailies. Explain their story values:

1. Philadelphia, Oct. 31.—With a record of 314 eggs in 365 days, Lady Eglantine, a white Leghorn pullet, became to-day the champion egg layer of the world. The little hen, which weighs three and a half pounds, completed her year of an egg-laying competition at Delaware College, Newark, Del., and beat the previous record of 286 eggs by 28. The pen of five hens of which she was a member also broke the American pen record with 1,211 eggs. The average barnyard fowl produces only 70 eggs in a year.

2. Topeka, Kan., Feb. 2.—While President Wilson was speaking here to-day a pair of new fur-lined gloves was taken from the pocket of his overcoat, which he had hung in an ante-room. It is supposed that somebody wanted a souvenir of his visit to Kansas. Mr. Wilson missed the gloves when he started for his train.

3. Richmond, Va., Feb. 20.—Capt. W. M. Myers, delegate for Richmond in the general assembly, has introduced an amendment to the anti-nuisance, or "red light," measure, making it unlawful for any woman to wear a skirt the length of which is more than four inches from the ground, a bodice or shirt waist showing more than three inches of neck, or clothes of transparent texture. Delegate Myers said he wished to protect men.

4. Two Rivers, Wis., Feb. 19.—When the Bushey Business College basket-ball team scored the winning point in the last minute of play during their game with the Two Rivers team here last night, Anton Kopetsky was stricken with heart failure. He was taken to the basement of the building, where physicians started to work over him. In the meantime a dance was started in the hall where the game had been played. An hour later, with the dance on in full swing, Kopetsky died. The dance was stopped and the musicians sent home.

5. Centralia, Pa., Sept. 30.—Forty men are working night and day to rescue Thomas Tosheski, who has been entombed 96 hours in the Continental mine here. Food was given Tosheski in his prison to-day by means of a two-inch gas-pipe, forced through a hole made by a diamond drill.

6. On the north corner of Darling Street and Temple Alley a little old woman, white-haired and shrunken in frame, has guarded all day long a bag of clothes and a feather bed, her only possessions. She was thrown out of her room at 19-1/2 Temple Alley this morning and she has nowhere to go.

7. Harrisburg, Pa., Feb. 20.—Henry Blake of this city has been arrested by State Policeman Curtis A. Davies on charges of burglary. He confessed to a string of thefts covering months in the fashionable suburban districts of the state capital. In Blake's pocket was found a much used Bible. Circled with red ink was the quotation: "Seek and ye shall find."

8. New York, Feb. 19.—The sale of Peter the Great, 2:07-1/4, by W. E. D. Stokes of this city to Stoughton J. Fletcher, an Indianapolis banker, sets a new record for old horses. Not in any country, at any period, it is believed, has a horse of any breed brought so high a price at so great an age. Peter the Great is 21 years old and Stokes received $50,000 for him.

9. Boston, August 31.—Another world eating record is claimed by Charles W. Glidden, of Lawrence, who sat down at a local restaurant yesterday and devoured fifty-eight ears of corn in an hour and fifty-five minutes. The previous record is claimed by Ose Dugan, of New York, who ate fifty-one ears. Mr. Glidden is ready to meet all comers. He keeps in condition by eating sparingly of prunes, ice cream, and oranges.

10. Grand Rapids, Wis., Feb. 21.—Two miles north of the city a large grey fox fought for its life this morning, and lost. Conrad Wittman shot and wounded him a mile south of Hunter's Point. The fox was trailed by the dogs past Regele's creamery, when the trail came abruptly to an end. A search was begun, and a short time afterward the fox was found in a tree, dead. He had leaped to the lower branches as the dogs were overtaking him, and died from the gun-shot wound after reaching safety.

11. New York, Feb. 28.—After all negotiations, counter negotiations, champagne suppers, and "rushing," it seems that Charlie Chaplin with his justly celebrated walk and his frequently featured kick will hereafter be exclusively shown on Mutual films. Such announcement was made quietly but definitely yesterday. The contracts, it is asserted, were signed Saturday. They provide for a bonus of $100,000 to Chaplin, with or without his mustache; $10,000 a week salary, and a percentage in the business. The money is to be paid to-morrow. Chaplin is to have a special company organized for him by the Mutual, and his brother, Syd Chaplin, also an agile figure in motion pictures, is to be a member of it. What price was paid for the brother is not stated. The Mutual Company already has applied for an insurance of $250,000 on the new star.

12. Greencastle, Ind., Feb. 22.—Fifty De Pauw University students have been suspended for the present week because they violated the college rule against dancing. The students attended a ball given three weeks ago during the midyear recess.

13. St. Joseph, Mo., Oct. 16.—Until the other day a horse belonging to Elias Chute, 80 years old, of No. 2404 Faraon Street, had not been outside of a little barn in the rear of 1626 Frederick Avenue for more than a year. Through most of one winter, spring, summer, fall, and part of another winter the faithful old animal had stood tied in his stall. His hoofs had grown over his shoes and everything about him showed he had been neglected in everything but food and water.

CHAPTER VIII

A. Explain the faults in the organization of the following stories:

WILSON SPEAKS TO DAUGHTERS OF THE REVOLUTION

Washington, Oct. 11.—The Daughters of the American Revolution applauded what they regarded as a gallant compliment to his fiancee uttered by President Wilson in his speech on national unity at Continental Hall this afternoon.

In that part of his speech in which he served notice that he purposes to administer the discipline of public disapproval to hyphenated Americans, the President remarked:

"I know of no body of persons comparable to a body of ladies for creating an atmosphere of opinion."

Immediately afterward he said smilingly:

"I have myself in part yielded to the influence of that atmosphere."

The official White House stenographer inserted a comma in his transcript of the President's speech at the foregoing utterance, but the members of the D. A. R. thought the President had come to a chivalrous period. They looked over the President's shoulders to one of the boxes where sat his fiancee, Mrs. Norman Galt, with her mother, Mrs. Bolling, and they applauded tumultuously.

Several seconds elapsed before the President, whose face had flushed, could wedge in: "for it took me a long time to observe how I was going to vote in New Jersey."

The President's hearers just would not believe that he had had the suffrage issue in mind when he began his sentence, and Mrs. Galt herself blushed in recognition of the applause.

Mrs. Galt, with her mother and Miss Helen Woodrow Bones, had been taken to Continental Hall in one of the White House automobiles. The President walked over, accompanied by his military aid, Col. Harte, and the secret-service men. Before he left the White House he had stood for several minutes leaning over the side of the automobile having a tete-a-tete with Mrs. Galt.

Curious persons passing through the White House grounds thought it a very interesting sight to observe the President of the United States standing with one foot on the step of an automobile talking with a member of the fair sex. They got the impression from the animated character of the conversation that Mrs. Galt was disappointed because the President was not going to accompany her to Continental Hall, and that she was trying to persuade him to abandon his plan of walking over.

Society people are as much interested as ever in the plans of the couple, but little has been learned definitely as yet. No disclosure was made to-day of the date of the wedding, and similar secrecy has been maintained as to their honeymoon plans.

It is known that the Misses Smith of New Orleans, relatives of the President, are urging that the honeymoon be enjoyed at Pass Christian, Miss., where Mr. Wilson and his family spent the Christmas holidays two years ago. It is believed the President will not choose a place as far distant as Pass Christian. His friends predict that if he takes any trip at all it will be on the yacht Mayflower.

Congratulations of the United States Supreme Court on his engagement were extended to the President this morning when the Justices called formally to pay their respects on the occasion of the convening of the court for the fall sittings. The Justices were received in the Blue Room. They were in their judicial robes and all members were present except Justice Lamar, whose illness prevented.

President Wilson's impetuosity as a prospective bridegroom is keeping the secret service on the jump nearly all the time. More frequently than he ever has done in the past, the President leaves the White House unattended and without giving warning to his bodyguard.

He did this yesterday when he started for Mrs. Galt's residence, where he was to be a dinner guest, and again this morning when he walked down town to purchase a new travelling bag. The purchase resulted in renewed speculation whether or not the date for the wedding is imminent.

LEO FRANK WORSE TO-DAY

Milledgeville, Ga., July 19.—Physicians who examined Leo M. Frank in the state prison early to-day said his condition was much worse. The jagged cut in his throat, received at the hands of a fellow prisoner, William Green, Saturday night, was swollen and his temperature was 102 2-5.

Physicians have succeeded in stopping the flow of blood from a jagged wound made with a butcher knife by William Green, also serving a life term for murder. The blow was struck as Frank slept in his bunk.

An investigation of the attack probably will be made by the Georgia prison commission.

Frank's temperature was as low as 101 Monday noon, but ran up to 102 2-5 Monday night. The wound is an ugly, jagged one.

BRYAN LOSES TEMPER

Dallas, Texas, Oct. 2.—William J. Bryan, who formerly held a government job, has temper.

He took said temper out for an airing here to-day. He was riding from the railroad station to the hotel with a reception committee, of which a reporter happened to be a member.

"Do you ever intend to be a candidate for public office?" asked the reporter.

"I think, sir, if you had any sense you wouldn't have asked that question," replied the exponent of peace.

"I meant no impertinence."

"Well, it was impertinent. You wouldn't want to answer that question yourself, would you?"

"Sure I can answer it. I never intend to be a candidate for anything."

"Well, I don't think any friend of mine would try to get me to promise never to be a candidate again."

"I didn't ask you to promise."

"Well, that's all right," the ex-premier and the dove of peace returned.

Bryan was almost kissed again to-day.

B. F. Pace, a peace enthusiast, with outstretched arms and pursed-up lips, rushed upon the Nebraskan in the hotel lobby. Bryan blushed coyly, clapped his hand over his mouth and dodged behind a six-foot Texan.

"Not too fast there!" he warned.

Friends intervened.

Pace has bushy whiskers.

GUEST AT PARTY ROBBER

The police are searching for a man known as "Jack Wallace," who is wanted for robbing W. G. Gaede, 444 West Grand Avenue, of jewelry valued at $350 at the Auditorium Hotel.

Gaede, who was celebrating New Year's eve, met Wallace and took him to the Auditorium. At 4 o'clock yesterday morning Wallace suggested that Gaede retire.

Wallace took Gaede to his room and soon afterward departed. When Gaede awoke his diamond stud, watch, chain, and charm were gone, also $20 in currency.

Mrs. Agnes Ackerman of the Morrison Hotel was robbed of a purse containing $50 while dining at the Hotel La Salle Saturday night.

B. Put the following details in proper sequence for a suicide story:

Ira Hancock

Committed suicide (?) about 10 A.M., Monday. Used to be wealthy. Always gave waiters a good tip. Never quit tipping even when he became poor. Said tip was part of price of a meal. Waiters always glad to see him. Patronized cheap restaurants for the past three months. Lived at 1919 Washington Avenue. Age, 29. Left room Monday morning with only a nickel and a bunch of keys. Borrowed a quarter from Bob Cranston, downtown friend. Went together for breakfast at Cozy Cafe, 18 Main Street. Breakfast cost 25 cents each. Hancock gave waiter five-cent tip. Cranston called him a fool. Hancock unmarried. 9:00 A.M., engaged a dressing room at Island Bathing house. Bathing beach closed at midnight; Hancock's clothing still in the dressing room. Only a bunch of keys in the pockets. Fired from job at Snyder's Malt house, Saturday night. Taught girls' Sunday-school class, West Side Baptist church, Sunday morning. Body not found. Lost money dealing in war stocks three months ago.

CHAPTER IX

A. Correct such of the following leads as need correction. Where the age of the person, his place of residence, or similar details necessary to an effective lead are lacking, supply them (paragraphs 100-120).

1. Adam Schenk fell off the runway at the Fernholz Lumber Yard on Monday forenoon and landed on his back at a point near his kidneys on a stake on the wagon, breaking the stake off.

2. Rather than to put the Tuttle Press Company to an unnecessary expense of appropriating $1,000 that would do neither the city nor any particular individual a cent's worth of material good, and assuming also that the city, by virtue of the fact that the company's original plant was erected on lines provided by the city's engineer, is in a measure responsible for present conditions, the city commissioners in conference with S. A. Whedon of the Tuttle Press Company this morning decided not to proceed further in the matter of ordering removed the walls of a big addition to the plant now in process of construction.

3. Roaming hogs was the cause of the recent illness of Mr. T. N. Davis. The hogs rooted under the wire fence surrounding his residence and in his effort to get them out he exerted himself beyond his endurance.

4. At an early hour Tuesday morning, as the beams of the rising sun were struggling to dispel the uncertainties of a winter night, the final summons came to Miss Ella O'Harrigan, our beloved librarian, to join the innumerable caravan that moves to the pale realms of shade.

5. Again the lure of Broadway, the craving to be among expensively clad men and women, and a longing to seem of more than actual importance, have resulted in a fall from a position of responsibility and trust to one facing the possibility of a long term of imprisonment.

This time it is a woman; good looking, possessing the knack of dressing smartly, capable and efficient, and less than 40 years old. For six years she had been head bookkeeper in Marbury Hall, an apartment hotel of the best class, at 164 West Seventy-fourth Street. For more than two years of that time, according to the prosecuting officials, she has been putting cash belonging to the hotel into her own diamond-studded purse, whence it was transferred to the coffers of expensive dressmakers, theatres, and restaurants, particularly those which maintained dance floors.

Yesterday afternoon she was arrested, charged with grand larceny. She raised her hand to her mouth as the detective tapped her shoulder, and a few minutes later was taken to the Polyclinic Hospital, to be later transferred to Bellevue. She will recover from the poison and will have to face in court in four or five days the charges which she attempted to avoid by death....

6. Swept by a 33-mile gale, a fire which started in a three-story frame Greek restaurant on Appomattox Street this afternoon quickly spread to adjoining frame buildings in Hopewell, the "Wonder City," at the gates of the Du Pont Powder Company's plant, twenty miles from here, and at nightfall practically every business house, hotel, and restaurant in the mushroom powder town of 30,000 had been wiped out, the loss amounting to $1,000,000 or more.

7. One man, a bank messenger, was shot mortally and his assailant wounded, perhaps mortally, two other men narrowly missed death by shooting, and thousands of persons were terrorized by an attempted hold-up in the Fourteenth Street subway station at 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon, and by a chase which skirted Union Square, continued through a theatre arcade and ended blocks away.

8. As a result of an old quarrel between two citizens of Leroy, the melting snow-drifts on the streets of that city ran red with human blood, Wednesday. John M. Zellhoefer lay gasping his last breath on the sidewalk, with a fatal bullet wound through the midst of his body, while over him stood Francis Marion Dunkin, with smoking revolver in hand.

9. Nothing had been learned by the police last night to indicate that George de Brosa, who died early yesterday morning in Bellevue hospital after fatally wounding Allan Gardner, a bank messenger, and being shot by Walter F. Orleman, another bank messenger, in an attempted holdup of the two in the Fourteenth Street subway station Friday afternoon, had an accomplice.

10. At All Saints Cathedral Sunday morning, Dean Seldon P. Delany spoke on "Salvation through Self-Sacrifice," taking for his text Mark viii, 35: "Whosoever will save his life shall lose it; but whosoever shall lose his life for my sake and the gospel's, the same shall save it."

11. Rachel Green, colored, suffered a dislocated and badly sprained knee last night while she was attending religious services at Main Street Colored Baptist church and another woman began to shout and jumped into her lap.

12. James L. Crawley of Hastings is confined to his home with a broken arm and lacerated ear. His injuries were received when he stepped on the family cat and fell headlong down the cellar steps. The cat was asleep on the top step.

13. John Radcliffe, 16 years old, of Moultrie, had never been kissed, and in trying desperately to maintain this estate, while pursued at a barn dance by Mrs. Winifred Trice, Monday night, he fell out of a door twenty feet from the ground and was picked up with one arm and three ribs fractured.

14. Charged with having tried to obtain $1,000 by forgery, a handsomely gowned young woman, who gave her name as Irene Minnerly, and said she was a telephone operator, and a man who described himself as Webster Percy Simpson, thirty-six, living at the Hotel Endicott, were arrested yesterday afternoon as they were leaving the offices of Fernando W. Brenner, at No. 6 Church Street.

15. Allen & Co., Ltd., the well-known London firm of publishers, has been prosecuted for the publication of a novel called "The Raindrop," written by D. H. Lawrence, on the ground that it is obscene.

16. Interesting testimony was given before Justice Scudder in the Supreme Court to-day in the hearing of the suit for divorce brought by Harry H. Wiggins of Floral Park, a retired grocer. Mr. Wiggins alleged undue fondness for John Burglond, a farm hand formerly employed in Mrs. Wiggins' cabbage patch. Mrs. Wiggins is 53 years old and Burglond 33.

17. S. H. Brannick of this city lost a fine cow last week, the animal departing this life suddenly after the city had retired for the evening.

18. Miss Ellen Peterson, a former employee of Miss Josie Griffin's millinery, 2318 Cottage Grove Avenue, was married Tuesday by the Rev. Johnston Myers at Immanuel Baptist church. The couple left immediately after the ceremony for a wedding trip through the West.

19. Hilda is the daughter of one of the deftest colored janitors who ever kept a dumb waiter just that. With her father and mother she lives in a court apartment on the ground floor of No. 195 Main St., and last night she was slumbering blissfully, wrapped in dreams of a chocolate-colored Santa Claus with sweet-potato trimmings and persimmon whiskers, when she heard the window of her room open.

B. Comment on the leads to the following stories, rewriting any that need correction (paragraphs 100-120):

1. This story dates back eight months, when Mrs. Elizabeth Hochberger became a patient at the county hospital in Chicago. She was ill of typhoid fever and in her first night at the hospital she became delirious. While in this condition she seized a ten-inch table knife from a tray and in the absence of anyone to restrain her poked it down her throat. Attendants attracted by the woman's groans hurried to the bedside. Then an interne appeared, made a hasty diagnosis, and attributed the patient's action to the delirium. He administered an opiate. Several days later Mrs. Hochberger, having passed the crisis of the fever, began to recover. A week afterward she was discharged as cured.

From the time she complained of internal pains and to relatives she recounted a vague story of her delirium at the hospital. She had a faint recollection of swallowing a knife, she said. To swallow a knife and survive was improbable, she was told, but she was advised to see a physician. The first doctor called in recommended an immediate operation for a tumor. Another believed she had an acute case of appendicitis.

"It was not until we made our discovery that Mrs. Hochberger told us of her delirium," said the doctor. "Had I heard it before making the X-ray examination I would have hardly given it credence. I have heard of people swallowing coins and pencils, but this is the first knife ever brought to my attention."

The knife was removed to-day by Dr. George C. Amerson at the West Side Hospital.

2. If you want a man to love you, Bear in mind this plan: Always keep him doubtful of you; Fool him all you can!

Never let him know you like him; Never answer, "Yes," Till you have him broken-hearted. Make him guess, guess, guess.

This is the chorus of one of the songs Pearl Palmer, pretty opera singer, was to have sung when she made her first Broadway appearance as one of the principals of the opera, "The Princess Pat." Now she is dead because she carried this philosophy into her own life, her friends say. Herbert Haeckler, who killed the young singer and himself Sunday night, had been kept "guessing," they said, until his mind had given away.

Eva Fallon will sing the song Miss Palmer was to have sung when the opera opens to-morrow night. It was postponed from last night because of the tragedy.

3. A young man by the name of Tom Verbeck, 18 years old, living in Freeport, who rides a motorcycle, was passing along the Chicago road, Friday, when he met an automobile driver who was in distress. The motorcycle man stopped, and when asked to lend a hand gave freely of his time. He was unsuccessful, however, and it was decided to have the motorcycle tow the auto into Freeport. More complications presented themselves, as neither the auto driver nor the motorcycle rider had a rope to tie the two machines together. The automobile man solved this problem by taking off his wool shirt and using it for a tow-rope. The owner of the auto rode in the buzz wagon into town, and on account of the darkness it was not noticed that he was shy a shirt. The motorcyclist towed the machine to the residence of the driver by way of back streets, and here he unloaded the machine. The shirt used as a tow-rope was not dismembered by the operation.

C. Write the lead to the story the outline of which was given on page 290.

D. Write for Friday afternoon's paper an informal lead to the following story:

Characters: Anton Kurdiana and his wife, Rosa (nee Novak). Anton's age, 24; Rosa's, 20. Married three months ago. Anton has a cork leg. Leg cut off above the knee by a train a year ago. Rosa Novak a nurse in the hospital to which he was taken. Rosa preparing to get a divorce. Anton did not want a divorce. A friend of Anton's told him if he would leave the state, Rosa could not get the divorce. A friend of Rosa's told her Anton was preparing to leave early this (Friday) morning.

Last night after he went to bed, Rosa hid his cork leg. He called for help from his bedroom window this morning and the police came. Bailiff also came and served notice of divorce proceedings. They live at 2404 Faraon Street, this city. Cause of divorce, cruelty and non-support.

E. Explain the different tones of the following leads and the writers' methods of gaining their effects (paragraph 119):

1. "You have stolen my daughter! Take that!"

"That" was a short right jab to the face. Mrs. Anna la Violette of 6632 South Wabash Avenue was the donor, and William Metcalf, who had merely married her daughter Elsie, aged 18, owned the face.

2. Twenty grains of cocaine and morphine a day, eighty times the amount an average dope fiend uses, enough to kill forty men, fifteen years at it too,—this is the record of Dopy Phil Harris, the human dope marvel found to-day by the California Board of Pharmacy in its combing of the San Francisco underworld. If poison were taken away from Harris for forty-eight hours, he would die within the next twenty-four.

3. The winds, whose treachery Archie Hoxsey so often defied and conquered, killed the noted aviator to-day. As if jealous of his intrepidity, they seized him and his fragile biplane, flung them out of the sky, and crushed out his life on the field from which he had risen a few minutes before with a laughing promise to pierce the heavens and soar higher than any human being had ever dared go before.

4. The champion lodge "jiner" is the title bestowed by Mrs. Jennie Gehret, wife of John D. Gehret, of this city, on her husband. It is not because she wants to be his wife. She is suing for divorce, and John's feats as a jiner are the reasons for her action.

5. And tragedy blurs out their joy again.

Five-year-old Norman Porter of Wadsworth, Ill., wanted a toy horse on wheels for Christmas, and his nine-year-old brother, Leroy, wrote Santa for an automobile that would "run by itself."

The wooden horse, its head broken off, lay last night in the snow at Kedzie Avenue and Sixteenth Street. A few feet away some children picked up the tin automobile bent almost beyond recognition. The toys were knocked from the arms of Mrs. James R. Porter, the boy's mother, when she was struck by an automobile and the same wheels which crushed out her life had passed over them.

6. A fair-haired boy in knickerbockers, who chewed gum with reckless insouciance and indulged in cool satirical comment on his companion's amateur efforts, yesterday directed a daring holdup of the Chicago Art and Silver Shop at 438 Lincoln Parkway, from which silverware and jewelry valued at $600 was carried off.

7. He is colored, forty-three years old, a laborer, and lives at No. 440 West Forty-fifth Street, and when he was brought before Lieut. Fogarty at Police Headquarters yesterday charged with having done some fancy carving with a razor on the countenance of Ira Robinson of No. 2004 Clinton Street, he gave his name as General Beauregard Bivins.

CHAPTER X

A. Criticize the following stories from the standpoint of accuracy of presentation. Rewrite the second. (Paragraphs 122-126.)

FUTURE WIVES WARNED

Not since the days of the cave men has masculine assurance dared issue such an ultimatum to femininity as that just sent by an organization of students of Tulane University known as "Our Future Wives" club. The club has as its purpose the dictation of the dress selection of every woman. It is an organization of young men who have developed the stern purpose of correcting female faults and of widening the scope of choice that they may have in the choosing of wives who will be sensible.

The fifteen students who are members have pledged themselves to taboo socially every young woman who does not literally adhere to the list of regulations which the organization has prescribed as dress limitations. Young women who refuse to be guided by the ukase of the club will find that none of its members will ever extend any invitations to them; they will discover, it is promised, that they have been sadly and most completely "cut."

At its initial meeting the club drew up and adopted a "proclamation." This document was mailed in copy to every young woman student of Newcomb College. The young women recipients read the following:

"1. We will look upon no young woman with favor who spends more than $15 a year for hats. Only one hat should be worn throughout the year. We think it possible that hats may be trimmed over and worn for several years.

"2. No cosmetics should be used. Powder might be used in the case of a sallow girl.

"3. Perfumes are absolutely under the ban as a needless and disagreeable expense.

"4. Additional hair should not be bought. It is an extravagance and is contrary to the purpose of nature.

"5. Not more than $40 a year should be expended for dresses and suits.

"6. Jewelry, with the exception of a wedding ring, is no adornment, to our way of thinking. Off with diamonds, rubies, and pearls, and the like.

"7. Silk stockings are the one extravagance allowed. Scientists say that silk stockings prevent the wearer from being struck by lightning.

"8. Five dollars a year is the amount necessary for shoes.

"9. Laces of all descriptions making for an appearance of frivolity should not be used in dress.

"10. All other necessaries of dress should not cost more than $25 a year."

EIGHT COIN-BOX ROBBERS CAUGHT

In the arrest last night of five men and three women as they were wrapping piles of five-cent pieces into one-dollar rolls in an elaborately furnished apartment near Audubon Avenue and 172d Street, the police have found the thieves who have been concerned in all the telephone slot-box robberies during the past three years and have robbed the New York Telephone Company of thousands of dollars.

The men and women under arrest have used a powerful automobile in going about the city, robbing the slot boxes with skeleton keys and files. The men arrested gave the following names and ages:—Tom Morrison, 21; Nic Marino, 26; Adam Neeley, 25; William O. Cohen, 30; and Charles Guise, 25. The women were Della Thomas, 25; Dorothy Price, 25; and Dollie Lewis, 25.

For more than two years the New York Telephone Company has endeavored unsuccessfully to trap these thieves in their robberies of the pay stations. Buzzers were affixed so that an attempt to open them would sound a warning, but, despite that, the thefts continued. Acting Captain Jones, of the Third Branch, and Acting Captain Cooper, of the Fourth Branch Detective Bureaus, who directed the arrests, declare that the women did the telephoning and opened the coin boxes, and that one of the men, coming to the booth from the telephone as if to call, reached in a hand or a small bag and took the coins.

BREEZE AND RAIN PRODUCER DISCOVERED

Prof. Marblenut, Dopetown's imminent (correct) scientist, has arranged to furnish this city with a perpetual cool breeze and two showers a week, all next summer. The breeze is to be made by a gigantic electric fan operated by current generated in a plant on the banks of Little Muddy, at Pigankle Falls. This monster fan will be made of steel. The showers will be made by an apparatus built on the same principle as a Chinese laundryman's face when he takes a mouthful of water and sprays the wash. The water will come from the river and will be filtered, then sprayed over the city from the face of a colossal Chinese figure standing on the left bank of the river above the power house. Prof. Marblenut is the same man who attempted suicide with a bakery doughnut when his wife left him last year. A friend took the deadly thing from him and saved his life.

BOB LA FOLLETTE STILL INCONSISTENT

Senator Robert M. La Follette faced an audience of about 300 men in the armory on Tuesday night. He arrived rather late as if to so sharpen the appetite of curiosity that his unsavory oratorical courses might be bolted without inspection and denunciation of the chef. The Senator was conducted to the stage and introduced by Assemblyman Ballard. His arrival was greeted with only an inkling of applause from one corner of the gallery occupied by a few college students. Near the stage rested Peter Tubbs and Senator Culbertson, sphinx-like in the desert of progressivism meditating on the grandeur of past political glory abused and lost. To the men an occasional political riddle was proposed by the speaker for solution.

The Senator's speech lasted nearly three hours, two of which were devoted to ancient history, and one to sharp criticisms of the Philipp administration. From the beginning of things in Wisconsin, the Senator traced the growth of democratic institutions on the one hand and that of corporations on the other. The alleged incessant struggle for mastery between them was described with stage sincerity. It appeared, from his account, that the people were losing ground up to the time of his birth a half century or more back. And there was a dearth of honest men and patriotic statesmen in the state until the Senator was old enough to hold public office....

CLAUDE OLDS DIES FROM COASTING INJURIES

Claude Olds, 12-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. George Olds, Wilson Street, died at 3:45 o'clock yesterday afternoon at St. Elizabeth Hospital as a result of injuries sustained in a coasting accident, related briefly in these columns yesterday. The lad sustained a broken neck and internal injuries.

Dr. Alvin Scott of the Bowman park commission, who was instrumental in providing safe toboggan slides for the children in the city park, has decided since yesterday's fatal accident to ask the city commission for an appropriation sufficient to establish a number more of toboggan slides for the accommodation of children in various parts of the city. He is proceeding on the very safe assumption that if there had been a toboggan slide in the Third Ward the fatality of yesterday would not have happened, for there would then have been no occasion for children coasting on the hill where the accident occurred.

The unfortunate lad, with his brother, Ernest Olds, and Chester Graves and Bessie Lamb, were on a delivery sled owned by the Barnes and Scholtz Grocery Company, sliding down a hill that extends into the ravine just north of Second Street and east of Mason. When about halfway down the bob capsized and the little Olds boy was buried under it. Coasting on hills not especially prepared for it is dangerous to life and limb. The authorities should put a stop to it in Bowman, but at the same time the city should make safe provision for such sport by erecting toboggan slides similar to the ones in the city park.

MRS. DOWS SEEKING ADVENTURE

Mrs. Andrews Dows, whose photograph is reproduced above, says she believes she is the most adventuresome of New York's society women, but is tired of the humdrum existence of Mother Earth in general and New York in particular. She says she thinks she has run the entire gamut of worldly thrills, but is still on the lookout for something new. Mrs. Dows declares she has ridden the most fiery of steeds and taken them over the most dangerous jumps. She has driven auto racing cars at blinding speed. Once she captured a burglar single-handed. She has piloted all manner of water speed craft. Now she declares she is tired of flitting through the clouds in an aeroplane and is impatiently waiting to hear of some sort of dangerous adventure that she has not already experienced.

B. What criticism may be made of the following?

An even one hundred reservations have been made for the New Year's Eve dinner to be served at 11 o'clock in the Venetian room at the Carman House, and thirty have been made for service in the cafe. No more can be accommodated in the Venetian room, but the management will be able to take care of a few more in the cafe and French room. Those who have reserved places are planning to make this the biggest New Year's jollification ever held in Avondale. The management of the Carman also says that patrons will be given the very best of service.

C. Examine the following story for its excellence in keeping the time relation entirely clear. Show how the writer obtains this clearness and how he avoids the possibility of libel. (Paragraphs 124-131.)

DEATH NOTE BEARS AUTHOR'S TRAGEDY IN LOVE

Four years ago the love story of Myrtle Reed, the author, who had immortalized her husband, James Sydney McCullough, in prose and verse, came to a tragic end when she committed suicide in "Paradise Flat," her Kenmore Avenue apartment. During the five years of her married life her "model husband," as she called McCullough, was believed to have furnished the inspiration for "Lavender and Old Lace," "The Master's Violin," and other love stories from her pen.

Mystery shrouded her death and an effort was made to hush up the suggestion that she was convinced that her husband no longer loved her. A note addressed to her aged mother was never made public.

Yesterday in Circuit Judge Windes's court her father, Hiram V. Reed, sought to have McCullough deposed as trustee of her estate of about $91,000. Negligence and misapplication of funds were charged. Mr. Reed's attorney planned to show that Mrs. McCullough expected to change her will before she committed suicide.

What purported to be the mysterious note was offered in evidence. It was typewritten and only two words of script appeared in it. Judge Windes ruled that it was not sufficiently identified and rejected it as evidence. The offered note reads in part:

"Dearest Mother: After five years of torment I have set myself free. I suppose you'll think it's cowardly, but I cannot help it. I cannot bear it any longer. Last night was the twelfth anniversary of our meeting. He was to come home early and bring me some flowers, and instead of that he came home at half past one so drunk he couldn't stand up.

"Last year my birthday and the anniversary of our engagement were the same way. This morning he went out of town without even waking me up to say goodby to me or telling me where he was going or when he would be back. All I asked of him was that he should come home sober at half past six as other men do, but he refuses to give me even this. I am crushed, overwhelmed, drowned.

"I enclose two bank savings books. This is for you and father and for nobody else under any circumstances whatever, aside from the provision I have made for you in my will. I've tried my best, mother. I've tried to bear it bravely and to rise above it and not to worry, but I cannot. I loved my husband so until he made me despise him. I should have done this five years ago, only you and father needed me.

"You've been the dearest father and mother that anybody ever had and my being dead won't make any difference in my loving you. My will is in Mr. Fowler's vault. Oh, mother, I've loved so much, I've tried so hard, I've worked so hard, and I've failed, failed, failed, failed. Forgive me, please. With love always, "Myrtle."

McCullough was out of the city at the time of his wife's death. Upon his return he said that she had probably taken her life while mentally unbalanced.

"Have you any comment to make on the letter written by your wife to her mother?" he was asked yesterday.

"Oh, I could tell you a long story if I wanted to," said he, carelessly. "There's nothing to it at all. I could show you worse letters than that. I doubt if she ever wrote it anyway. There is no proof. To understand this matter you must know that my wife's father and her brother have been fighting to get control over her estate. They didn't get enough to satisfy them under the will."

Although Judge Windes refused to depose McCullough as administrator, he ordered him to make a definite report, setting forth the condition of the property, with a list of all disbursements. Further, he directed that McCullough should report from time to time as the court might direct and ordered him to give a permanent bond of $50,000. The court said that the trustee's conduct had been improper.[52]

[52] Chicago Tribune, July 15, 1915.

D. Indicate and correct the faults in the following stories (paragraphs 131-134):

1. While Mrs. Stanley Barnes was making fruit salad at the Baptist parsonage Thursday she lost her wedding ring in it. Clark Webster was sick Friday morning, and for a time it was thought that he had eaten it in the salad, but a calmness was restored in these parts when it was learned that she had failed to put it on when leaving home in the morning.

2. Hereafter it shall be written by way of simile: "As fair as a Hinsdale blonde." Rainwater is the answer. Rainwater! Rainwater, such as used to seep off the kitchen roof into the eave trough and into the barrel at the corner.

But the Hinsdale water barrel, that has just been completed and now is in operation, is no mere castoff sauerkraut hogshead. It cost $30,000, and it gives forth rainwater at a rate of a million gallons a day. And the dingiest brunette will soon blossom out in the full glory of the spun-gold blonde. The chemist person who installed the $30,000 rain barrel says so, and he claims to know.

It was cited to the women of Hinsdale that the women of the British Isles are fair, very fair, indeed. What makes them so fair? The fog. And what is fog? It is rainwater in the vapor. Hence rainwater will make women fair. Let us, therefore, have rainwater.

The water in Hinsdale heretofore has been hard. It crinkled the hair and put the complexion on the bum. It cost more money for cosmetics to set these complexions right than a couple of $30,000 rain barrels. But now the seediest lady in the land has only to make a pilgrimage to Hinsdale and return ready to make faces at the inventor of peroxide.

3. Last week Tuesday night the henhouse of Mr. Rosenblot, on the Standard farm, was broken open and 14 hens taken. Also at the same time five bags of grain and two bags of cattle salt were stolen. Thursday night his chicken coops were visited and about 40 little chicks taken. Mr. Rosenblot expects his wife and her mother from Russia next week.

4. The feature of the evening was the dance. Miss Semple's grace and ease in executing the many intricate steps of the Argentine tango, hesitation waltz, and other modern dances elicited great applause from the onlookers. Miss Sheppard of the District Nurses' Association gave a lecture on first aid to the injured.

5. "Lemme see something nifty in shirts—something with a classy green stripe," said Dan McKee of Soho Street, as he cruised into the men's furnishing store of Emil de Santis, in Webster Avenue. The lone clerk evidently did not notice all the specifications of McKee's order, and listlessly drew out at random the first box of shirts his hand touched. Picking the top shirt out, he laid it before McKee.

"There's something nice," he began.

"Oh, is it?" yelled McKee.

"McKee," said Magistrate Sweeney at the hearing, "what on earth made you try to wreck that store?"

"I asked for a green striped shirt, judge."

"Well?"

"And that fellow handed me a bright orange one."

"I see," said Sweeney. "But I'll have to make it thirty days."

E. The following stories, along with other faults, are lacking in tone. Correct them in any way necessary. (Paragraphs 136-137.)

1. The wedding bells peeled joyfully at the home of Mr. H. R. Drake last Tuesday, when their highly accomplished and beautiful daughter, Melva, became the blushing bride of that sterling young farmer, Henry Eastman. The bride's brother, Charlie, played Mendelssohn's wedding march on his cornet, and considering the fact he has only had it about 9 months it sounded good. Rev. Osgood, who has been working through harvest and picking up a little on the side, performed the nuptials. The bride's costume was a sort of light gauzy affair and white slippers and stockings to match. Of course she wore heavier clothes when they went on their wedding trip. Quite a merry crowd assembled to see them off, and as they didn't have any rice some of them got to throwing roasting ears. Henry was struck under the eye by a large ear and blacked it pretty bad. They drove right to Larned and stayed all night at the hotel, and then took their wedding trip to Kinsley and Dodge City. They have rented the old home place and will be at home next Tuesday. Melva expects to take charge of Cooper & Jones' cook shack the rest of the season.

2. The old must die, the young sometimes do. When a young child, sweet and gentle in temperament, lovable and full of promise, is cut down in the very hey time of youth, it is unutterably sad. There is said to be a time for all things and this would seem to be a time for mourning.

Sunday morning at 4:30 o'clock the Death Angel summoned John O. Beck, Jr., and bade him leave his playthings and many friends and come away. It must have been with a sigh of relief that his spirit took flight from the frail body which had been tortured for twenty-two long days with the torture of spinal meningitis.

John O. Beck, Jr., youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. John O. Beck, was born on the twenty-fifth day of July, 1903, in Boswell. He was the youngest of four children—William, Leona, and La Baron survive him. His was a most beautiful nature, he loved company, and the childish circles in which he moved were always brighter and happier for his presence. As a member of the Christian Sunday School he was always in his place. The little boy will be missed, not only in the home, but among his playmates and also amongst the older people of the city.

The funeral will be held to-morrow afternoon at 3 o'clock from the family home. Dr. Frank Talmage, pastor of the Christian Church, will officiate. Interment will be made in South Park.

3. After the ceremony the guests repaired to the dining-room, where a wedding dinner was served, replete with the most luscious viands conceivable by the human imagination. The turkey, which had been roasted under the personal supervision of the bride, possessed delectability of flavor impossible of description. It was the unanimous verdict of the numerous assemblage of appreciative guests that never before in the annals of human history had a turkey more delicious, more savory, more ambrosial, been the object of human consumption. Both the business office and the editorial rooms of the Standard were largely and brilliantly represented, and the collation was interspersed with highly intelligent affabilities. Constant streams of sparkling repartee rippled across the table, jocund anecdotes and refined civilities of every variety abounded, the festivities in every way being characterized by vivacity, suavity, chivalry, and irreproachable respectability.

4. R. S. George had a narrow escape from sudden death yesterday morning. George was working on top of an electric pole on Water St. and Ninth Ave. He was strapped to the pole. He was removing the bolts that held the cross-bars. The pole was rotten and George's weight at the top caused it to break. In falling the pole hit the supply wagon that was standing below, breaking the fall. Other men working on the job rushed to his aid. Dr. Mitchell was called. George was taken to the Sacred Heart Hospital. Mr. George was badly shaken up but not seriously injured. He is employed by the Wisconsin-Minnesota Light & Power Co.

5. Bud Lanham, the Corner's miser, who has buried his money for the last six years near the big ash tree back of Cary's gin, lost half of it last week. The guilty person has not been apprehended. Tim Snyder went to Jonesville yesterday and bought himself a fine suit of clothes and a Ford.

6. Mrs. A. I. Epstein, the soprano soloist from St. Louis, will sing a symphony known as the "Surprise Symphony" at the concert by the University Orchestra in the auditorium to-morrow night. The piece was written by Haydn. The symphony was so named by the composer on account of the startling effects produced. The solo part is very unusual, the long pauses and unusual loud chords make it unlike other music. It has a pleasing effect on the audience, probably due to its individuality. Mrs. Epstein has the reputation of being able to sing this kind of a solo. The foremost critics of the largest musical world pronounce Mrs. Epstein as an ideal in oratorical singing.

7. Some jealous rascal threw a stone at a buggy in which a certain young man of Florala and a young lady of Lockhart were riding last Saturday night. The stone struck the young lady squarely in the back, and at the same time bruised the left arm of the young man very badly.

8. Mrs. O. N. Daw is confined to her bed on account of the recent injury she sustained when she fell from a chair to the floor. Mrs. Daw was attempting to swat a fly at hand and stood upon the chair to reach the intended victim. He was further away than at first anticipated and in an endeavor to reach him she fell as a result of becoming overbalanced. We trust her injury will soon give her no further trouble and will soon become well. She certainly is to be commended for her efforts to swat the fly, for if more of us did this we would find less disease in the world and conditions more healthful in general. Besides the flies are a bothersome pest anyway.

9. One of the most superb affairs that the citizens of Lexington have witnessed for quite a long while, was brought to bear by the uniting in holy wedlock of Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Stewart and Mr. Louis Monroe Ford. At the beginning, the day was one of gloom, but late in the morning the clouds became scattered, and at the noon hour the sun peeped out and streamed through the windows of the old historic church, adding cheer and enthusiasm to the superb occasion. Each individual of the bridal party performed his or her part as perfectly as if guided by a guardian angel, and the entire performance was one of rare beauty, portraying all of the accuracy of a piece of well-oiled machinery.

F. The following stories are good and bad. Rewrite any that need correction. Show why the others are good.

ACCIDENT NARROWLY AVERTED

Last Thursday evening the people of the beautiful little village of Hartford were astounded when they heard the moan and groan of one of their neighbors, Dr. William Waters, who had the misfortune of being capsized beneath a small building in the mad waters of Pigeon River.

While Dr. Waters was out for an evening walk enjoying the cool breezes on the banks of this beautiful stream he had occasion to enter a small building which had been erected years ago. Owing to his enormous heavy weight, and without a moment's warning, the building toppled over in the river, leaving the doctor in quite an embarrassing position. The moans and groans from beneath the little building could be heard from most every home in Hartford. Had it not been for the never-tiring efforts of Lewis Johnson and Andy Valentine in moving the building off the Doctor, rescuing him from the grasp of death, which had clutched him beneath the building in the mad waters of the river, crepe would now be dangling from the door-knob of a Doctor's office in Hartford.

TIGHT SHOES BALK PAY-DAY LARK

Mrs. Mary Bogden, 50 West 119th Street, is nearly five feet tall and weighs 200 pounds. Yesterday she refused to go out with her husband, Joe, to celebrate his pay day, because her shoes were too tight. Joe went out alone. When he came home he found his wife had been arrested for drinking too much. To-day her hat is too tight.

KILLS GIRL WHO SPURNED HIM

Miss Evelyn Helm got her position as cloak model because of the trimness of her waist, because of her lithe young figure, and because of her loveliness and vivacity. When she wore a gown for a buyer, he generally said, "Some skirt!" Therefore she received a fair salary and was independent. The same qualities that earned her money, however, attracted the attentions of a man she did not like—and invoked a tragedy.

The man was gray-haired and big and fat and unromantic, but he loved the cloak model desperately. He told her so every time he saw her, but she laughed at him. She knew him as Lem Willhide "of Kentucky," and she tried to avoid him. He followed her one day to her room in the home of Mrs. Louise Wendt, 1319 Eddy Street, and invited himself to call. He wanted to marry her, to take her home to the "blue grass" country with him, but she could not be annoyed.

"I ought to be calling you 'daddy,'" she said. "Why, you're more than twice as old as I. You've admitted you are 52. Go get a nurse and let me alone."

He seemed to like her spirit. She could not break his determination, he told her. He might be old, but this was his first love affair. Again and again she put him off. Always he followed her, spied on her, called her by phone. She could not escape him, but he couldn't persuade her to wed him.

Yesterday morning as usual he sent his love message over the telephone wires—and the girl hung up the receiver and she sneered in an explanation to the landlady. Later she was dressing to go out, when the back door of the rooming-house opened and the man from Kentucky bulged in the doorway.

"You've got your nerve coming into a lady's house without asking," said the girl.

"I've come to get you," said the man.

"Then you better go back again," and the girl turned away.

The man from Kentucky drew a revolver and shot her in the neck. She looked up at him from the floor, and he fired four more bullets into her body.

"If we can't be wed in life, we'll marry in death," the landlady heard him say, and he shot himself in the head.

Miss Helm died as the police were carrying her into the Chicago Union Hospital, and the man from Kentucky died later in the Alexian Brothers' Hospital. Before he went he told Detective William Rohan that he was a tobacco salesman and a professional card player.

"I drew for a queen to fill a bobtail flush," he said, with a queer smile, "but I didn't better my hand."

CHAUFFEUR'S FEET BURNED OFF

Herbert T. Middleton lives on Anderson Avenue, at Palisade, N. J. While driving his automobile along the avenue he saw an overturned car burst into flame at the roadside, about half a mile south of Fort Lee. Two men and a boy were struggling to lift the rear end of the car, and shouting for help. Middleton hurried to their aid and found that the legs of the chauffeur were pinned to the ground by the back of the rear seat and flaming gasoline running over his limbs was burning him like a torch.

The chauffeur, Amendo Alberti, 32 years old, raised himself to a sitting posture and tried to direct the efforts of his rescuers. With the aid of another autoist and several drivers of passing wagons, they finally got Alberti free. The burning gasoline had spread upward to his body. It was smothered by rolling the man in lap robes from the cars.