"New York is here to-day by its official representatives to testify first to its loyalty to the purposes for which this Exposition was conceived; to show the people of the West that in their progress we are interested, and that to them we look for such returns in dividends upon the stock of patriotism as will give to our nation men of energy, of right impulses. To you we owe much, and from you we expect much. Our efforts will be to aid you in every laudable undertaking, to stand behind you in all that means the prosperity of our common country. You have here an Exposition of which you may be justly proud. Nothing like it has ever been known in the annals of the world. Skilled workmen from all parts of the earth are here to aid in its success. Here you witness not only the steady progress that has been made in the sciences, the arts, and agriculture, but you have before you also exhibits from some of the possessions which have recently come under our control. We may study here some of the problems which demand solution at the hands of the American people. Our flag has been planted in a far-off land, and we must face responsibilities which it would be cowardly to shirk. A message has come to us as to all other nations, to do the Master's bidding and to spread christianity and civilization into the remotest parts of the earth. To us have been intrusted duties that have cost us the blood of some of the bravest men of the north and of the south, of the east and west. Here we may see something of that which has been accomplished, as well as a presentation of those conditions which it is our duty to correct. It is our privilege to give to others the same liberty which we enjoy ourselves, to establish some form of government such as ours whenever these people are ready for it, and it is our duty to protect them in their weakness until they are prepared for it. It was the dream of our forefathers that our country should be confined between these two magnificent oceans, but despite these hopes in later years additional responsibilities have come, Which the American people are too proud to shirk and too courageous to abandon. There is no one who has seen the progress which is here represented who does not believe that the work for civilization which is ours to perform has already had such an impetus that the time will come when we shall bless those who had the courage to stand for it against those who demanded another solution of this important question. To our credit be it said, that no true American demands the surrender of these possessions, and that the only question of difference between the people of our country is whether they shall be given their independence now, or when they are in a condition to enjoy it.

"This Exposition stands, not only as a monument to our progress, but to our united and determined effort to take a prominent part in all that means the advancement of mankind and the prosperity of the whole world. We owe that which we are at present to the devotion and heroism of the men of the past, and to protect and guard the inheritance which has come to us should be our aim. To be broad and conservative in our conception of our duties and responsibilities should be our purpose. To instill into the minds of our youth a determination to meet every question with true American courage should be our object. Every effort that makes for the good of humanity is a fitting tribute to that national policy which has taught us that there is no responsibility too great for our citizens to bear, and that in the onward progress of civilization America recognizes her duty and will not fail in its performance."

At the conclusion of the Governor's address the benediction was pronounced by the Rev. W. W. Boyd, after which Governor Odell held a public reception, shaking hands with several hundred people, who pressed forward to greet him. During the progress of the reception Mr. S. H. Grover, of New York city, rendered an organ recital. Luncheon was served the Governor and party in the offices of the Commission, and the afternoon was devoted to sight seeing.

THE EVENING RECEPTION

In the evening was held the grand reception and ball in honor of Governor and Mrs. Odell. Six thousand invitations had been issued for the function, those invited including the President of the United States and his Cabinet, judges of the United States Supreme Court, United States army and navy officers, governors of all the states, New York State officers, members of the New York State Legislature, judges of the Court of Appeals and Appellate Division and Supreme Court, Exposition officials, members of the National Commission, members of State and Foreign Commissions, the Board of Lady Managers and many prominent citizens of the Empire State and St. Louis. In spite of the fact that the day assigned to the State of New York, a year before by the Exposition Company, fell upon the date of the greatest festival of all the year in St. Louis, viz., The Veiled Prophets' ball, which is similar to the Mardi Gras festival at New Orleans, it did not affect the attendance at the reception in the least, many people attending both functions. Throughout the evening the capacity of the building was taxed to the utmost by those who came to enjoy New York's proverbial hospitality.

The exterior of the building and the grounds were illuminated on a lavish scale by the Pain Pyrotechnic Company, of New York city. The entire building was outlined by means of thousands of fairy lamps, and many strings of Japanese lanterns were festooned from the roof line to the veranda balustrade. Fairy lamps were used in profusion about the grounds, forming unique figures, and at various points spelled the words "New York." At no other function during the entire Exposition were such elaborate illuminations attempted on the part of any state commission. The interior decorations consisted of the National and Exposition colors, gracefully wound here and there about the pillars, supplemented by festoons of smilax, which was used in profusion in the entrance hallway. Special music for the event was furnished by Fancuilli's band, of New York city, and Schoen's orchestra, of St. Louis, which were stationed respectively in the south and north galleries of the grand entrance hall.

THE RECEIVING PARTY

The receiving line was stationed at the foot of the grand staircase, the guests entering at the south portal of the building and approaching through the reception rooms.

Receiving with the Governor and Mrs. Odell were Mrs. Norman E. Mack, Colonel and Mrs. Edward Lyman Bill, Mr. and Mrs. John C. Woodbury, Mr. and Mrs. Frank S. McGraw, Mr. Frederick R. Green, Mrs. Daniel Manning, Hon. S. Frederick Nixon, Mrs. Dore Lyon and Hon. James T. Rogers. The guests were presented to the Governor by Major Harrison K. Bird, his military secretary, two lines of United States marines guarding the approach to the receiving party. The Governor's military staff, resplendent in vari-colored uniforms, formed a line directly in front of the receiving party, and, while adding eclat to the occasion, prevented any crowding about the receiving line.

Supper was served at eleven o'clock at small tables upon the verandas. The following was the menu:

RADISHES CELERY OLIVES SALTED ALMONDS BONBONS OYSTERS A LA PAULETTE CHICKEN SALAD ASSORTED SANDWICHES ICE CREAM PETIT FOURS LEMONADE COFFEE CLARET PUNCH

Dancing began at ten o'clock and continued until the wee sma' hours.

CONCLUDING FUNCTION

The final event of State week was a breakfast given by the State Commission on Wednesday noon in honor of Governor and Mrs. Odell, and Mrs. Daniel Manning, President of the Board of Lady Managers. The breakfast was perfectly informal, no set addresses being delivered.

The functions of the entire period were voted by one and all to have been most successful in every respect, and New York again proved its right to the title of a most gracious and generous host.



CHAPTER VII

Brooklyn Day

One of the last special days to be observed during the Exposition was Brooklyn Day, the exercises of which were held on November fifteenth. As one of the speakers on the occasion aptly said, it was the only day throughout the Exposition period which was formally set apart by the Exposition management in honor of a political division less than a municipality. A special train bearing a large delegation of representative Brooklynites arrived in St. Louis Monday, November fourteenth. Although the date was late in the season, the weather was ideal, and everything was done for the pleasure and comfort of the visitors. The ceremonies were divided between the New York State building and the New York City building, upon the Model street, and consisted of exercises at 11:30 A.M., followed by a luncheon at one o'clock at the New York State building, and a reception at the New York City building from eight to ten in the evening.

THE PROGRAM

The program for the formal exercises in the New York State building was as follows

Address of welcome, William Berri, Vice-President, New York State Commission

Address, Hon. J. Edward Swanstrom, on behalf of the Committee of One Hundred

Permanent Chairman, Colonel William Hester, president of the Brooklyn Eagle

Response, Major Peter J. Collins

Address, Hon. Rolla Wells, Mayor of St. Louis

Response, Hon. Charles A. Schieren, ex-mayor of Brooklyn

Oration, Hon. Thomas P. Peters, editor of the Brooklyn Times

Aeolian organ recital

Promptly at 11:30 A. M. the assemblage was called to order by Vice-President William Berri, who, in behalf of the State Commission, extended a cordial welcome to all present. He then called upon J. Edward Swanstrom, who made brief remarks in behalf of the Committee of One Hundred.

At the conclusion of Mr. Swanstrom's remarks, Colonel William Hester was installed as permanent chairman. Upon taking the chair Colonel Hester said:

COLONEL HESTER'S REMARKS

"I am very sensible of the honor conferred upon me, but will be unable to fulfill the duties, except in a most perfunctory way. It is very much to be regretted that the Honorable Martin W. Littleton is not able to be with us to-day. As the official head of the government of the borough, he was to have presided on this occasion. In his absence Major Peter J. Collins, who was at the head of an important department, will respond for his chief. I now introduce to you Major Collins."

SPEECH OF MAJOR COLLINS

"Your Honor, Mr. Francis, and ladies and gentlemen: In responding as the representative of the administration of the borough of Brooklyn, I feel that you must realize the unenviable position I occupy of appearing on such brief notice and of acting as the mouthpiece of our president, the Hon. Martin W. Littleton. Mr. Littleton instructs me to convey his most sincere regrets to your honor, to Mr. Francis and to the ladies and gentlemen constituting the Committee of One Hundred, on his enforced absence on this occasion. As some of you are aware, there has been an election in this land. Previous to this election there was carried on what some of us supposed was a political campaign. This campaign engaged the interest of every worthy citizen and public and private affairs of business have been neglected to some extent as a consequence. In the business of the borough Mr. Littleton is confronted with a vast accumulation of matters of greatest importance to Brooklyn, both in the local work and in the various boards and committee meetings in Manhattan, and he has reluctantly concluded that his absence from the city at this time would amount to an almost criminal neglect of his duty. He asks me to convey to you the congratulations and good wishes of the many thousands of our people who are unable to be with us to-day. Brooklyn has had a deep sympathy with your fair city in this tremendous enterprise, and has watched with keen interest and satisfaction your success in overcoming the many difficulties that lay in your way. Brooklyn herself has awakened from her sleep of almost ten years, and the sound of the hammer and the saw and the ring of the trowel are heard on every hand. Owing to the enterprise, energy and self-sacrificing efforts of many of the men who are with us to-day, she is astonishing the country by the wonderful increase in population. Brooklyn can no longer be regarded as the bedroom of Manhattan, for Manhattan is rapidly becoming only the workshop of Brooklyn; we can no longer be regarded as the little brother of Manhattan, for we are rapidly becoming a very big brother. Consequently, ladies and gentlemen of St. Louis, we feel qualified to appreciate the satisfaction and joy you may justly feel in this your hour of triumph, and we extend to you the right hand of fellowship and congratulate you on this wonderful creation of yours, that must go down in history as the greatest exposition in the history of mankind."

Mayor Wells was unavoidably detained by an important engagement. The Chairman then introduced Mr. Schieren, and in doing so said:

"This is no fairy story, yet I will commence it that way. Once upon a time we of Brooklyn had a city all to ourselves. We were proud of our city and very desirous that it should be well governed, and were careful in the selection of men to fill its highest office, and thus it came to pass that one of our most successful efforts in that direction was the choice for mayor of our city of the gentleman whom I shall now present to you, Ex-Mayor Charles A. Schieren."

Mr. Schieren was warmly received and spoke as follows:

ADDRESS OF EX-MAYOR SCHIEREN

"In the name of the Brooklyn delegation I thank you sincerely for your cordial greeting and the hearty welcome extended to us. We fully appreciate your kind hospitality. We have come here to enjoy this glorious Exposition which already has attained such a great fame. Its magnificence and grandeur, both as to the magnitude of its buildings and their exhibits, is a surprise to every visitor. You may be proud of your achievements.

"This Exposition seems to exceed all others held in this country, and in many respects those held in the world.

"The Centennial Exposition of Philadelphia, commemorating the foundation of our government, gave our people the first idea of the extent and scope of our labor-saving machinery and the advance made in the manufacture of our American goods. It stimulated the manufacturing interests in our country.

"The Columbian Exposition at Chicago commemorated the discovery of America. It was noted for its excellent foreign exhibits. It gave our people an opportunity to compare the products of America with those of other nations. The so-called White City had a peculiar charm and made a deep impression upon every one. It seemed a perfect dream, ever to be remembered. People declared that it could not be excelled, but hardly a decade has passed when the enterprising, energetic citizens of the commercial metropolis of the great southwest arranged another World's Fair to commemorate the historical events of the famous Louisiana purchase, even upon a larger scale and overshadowing all others in this country. We may exclaim justly—Will there ever be another Exposition greater and more important than the one just about to close?

"We seem to marvel at nothing in this progressive age. We always wonder what other marvellous inventions may be in store for us to necessitate another Exposition upon a gigantic scale, to be held somewhere in this country. Perhaps within another decade, when the Isthmian canal is finished, the golden stream which will connect the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, we may celebrate at the national capital city the greatest event of the twentieth century, bringing to the commerce of the world peace and plenty. At the same time we may hope to celebrate the establishment of our American merchant marine, the one thing needed to carry our American products and goods into the harbors of the world, floating the Stars and Stripes now so seldom witnessed upon the ocean vessels. This country seems to forge ahead at a rapid pace, not only in its material wealth, but in everything that tends to the happiness of our people, even the humblest citizens sharing in the general prosperity. Every section has cause to rejoice—the South with its cotton, the North with its financial resources, the West with its farm products, the East with its industries, all seem to participate in the general welfare of the country. In conclusion let me thank you again for the courtesy extended to our people, and we wish you great success in this stupendous enterprise."

At the conclusion of Mr. Schieren's remarks the presiding officer said: "For many years the Brooklyn Times was owned and edited by the late Mr. Bernard Peters. He was a man of strict integrity, high moral ideals, and a forceful writer. The editorial chair of the Times is now occupied by his son, Thomas P. Peters, a worthy son of a worthy sire. Ladies and gentlemen, I take pleasure in introducing to you the orator of the day, Mr. Thomas P. Peters."

Mr. Peters was greeted with hearty applause as he arose. His oration in part follows:

ORATION OF MR. PETERS

"To speak a word for Brooklyn at this time, I was not the first choice of the Committee of Arrangements. Unanimously that honor was assigned to one of Brooklyn's favorite sons. But sickness of a most serious nature overtook him only a few days ago, and after a brief illness, he was early last Wednesday morning called to his final rest. Although upon pleasure bent, our hearts are sorrowful because of this loss to Brooklyn.

"Joseph C. Hendrix had been prominent in Brooklyn life a quarter of a century, prominent enough to have been nominated at one time for mayor of the old city by one of the great parties. He served Brooklyn for many years as president of its board of education; was its postmaster, and also represented one of its districts in the halls of Congress. Of recent years he had withdrawn from public life and devoted himself to the financial world. There he soon assumed a commanding position as bank president, and his organizing abilities were constantly in demand. He was one of Brooklyn's great men, and I regret that he is not here to-day to fill the position for which he was so well fitted. Our borough is rightly in deep bereavement because of the taking off of this, a faithful servant.

"This party of Brooklynites has come over 1,000 miles to celebrate at this magnificent exposition a day set apart for itself. We come not from a sovereign State. Neither do we come from an independent city. We come from but part of a great city. I will venture to claim that Brooklyn Day at the St. Louis Exposition will be the only day set apart for any municipal body holding a place by law of less dignity than that of a city. Why, then, does Brooklyn send us out to make her name known here and to extend her greetings to St. Louis? Because for years Brooklyn was a city, and with more independent citizens to the total population than were to be found in any other part of the known world, and she is still true to her history. She had then a spirit that was the very personification of municipal patriotism. She could tear down a dishonest political rascal with greater celerity than any other city in the land. She kept her two great parties equally balanced; each a foil to the other, each a stimulant to the other for good government, and upon the average she enjoyed better service than American cities usually obtain.

"It is almost seven years since Brooklyn lost her cityhood. During that time she has been a dependent borough within the great city of New York. Many thought that when that transition took place Brooklyn would lose her old-time spirit, her pride would be humbled and she would sink into the slough of despair, but we are here to-day to make known to these United States that Brooklyn's old-time courage is as high, her spirit is as heavily charged with municipal energy and her pride is the same pride as of old.

"Brooklyn is a peculiar community. She differs from all others. The wits have long fed upon her. General Horace Porter has called her a city of 4,000,000, 1,000,000 of whom are alive. Another has said that there are two places to which every dead New Yorker goes, either to heaven or to hades and to Brooklyn. He may escape one or the other of the two former. He cannot escape the latter. Simeon Ford has declared that Brooklyn lies midway between the quick and the dead, midway between reckless, extravagant and wicked old New York and sober, sombre and serene Greenwood. McKinley ran for President upon the issue of the full dinner pail. The students of Princeton College recently asserted that Roosevelt was running upon the issue of a full baby carriage. The President must have secured his inspiration from the manner in which the cartoonists always pictured the Brooklyn man, behind the perambulator. We ourselves recognize that Brooklyn is peculiar and unusual. Her like is not known to the world. That fact is proved to an extent by my former assertion, that Brooklyn is the only community without municipal rank that will have here a day of her own. The fact that we are here in body and that she is here in spirit clearly shows that the old courage is still in her heart. Brooklyn may be only a borough, she may be only an 'abutment for bridges,' as President Littlejohn once feared she would become, but she is to-day the same independent Brooklyn she was back in her cityhood, and she is as proud of the things that make her great as many of the cities of the things that make them merely flashy.

"Her former spirit lives; it lives because since consolidation Brooklyn has assumed a commanding place in the councils of the greater city. Brooklyn has chosen as her three borough presidents men of force, who have been recognized as leaders by all the boroughs. At first the borough government was a mockery of a government. It was only a government in name. Our first president, Edward M. Grout, chafed under its restraint. He demanded that the boroughs be allowed a voice in city affairs, and that local improvements be given into the charge of borough officials. To him the State Legislature listened, and his successor in that office found himself with something beside the shadow of power, and his administration was a marvel to Brooklyn in what it achieved. Other boroughs looked on in envy, while J. Edward Swanstrom set a pace so rapid that its like will be difficult to produce. Our first president, Mr. Grout, became the comptroller in the second administration of the greater city. The comptrollership of New York city is as important as that of Secretary of the United States Treasury. Brooklyn was then and is yet the dominant force in the life of the metropolis. The entire city recognized Mr. Grout to be a man acquainted with even the minutest details of the city's government. Brooklyn's place at the table of the board of estimate was a commanding one with Swanstrom and Grout in their seats, and to-day her representation there is equally good. Mr. Grout is still there. In the place of Mr. Swanstrom sits Mr. Martin W. Littleton, and by him the name of Brooklyn has been made famous from ocean to ocean, and throughout the entire South, for in him Brooklyn has a mouthpiece that thrills, and through him she speaks with a tongue of eloquence.

"Since consolidation Brooklyn has been the second borough in point of population and of wealth, but in statesmanship, in oratory and in achievement she has stood pre-eminent. And while many believed that after consolidation she would lose her independent spirit, she has rather increased her old pride in herself, and this pride has been fostered and strengthened because of the worthy sons who have represented her in the government of the great city of New York, two of whom we have brought with us, that St. Louis, at times herself deceived by those she trusted, may look upon their like for once at least. Loyal to Brooklyn have been Grout, Swanstrom and Littleton, and thus inspired, has Brooklyn proved loyal to herself and faithful to her traditions.

"Brooklyn is a gigantic borough. She is three times as large as Buffalo, the home of the Pan-American Exposition. She is twice as large as St. Louis, the home of the present Exposition. Brooklyn territorially is large enough and properly adapted to hold a population of 7,000,000, and still remain less congested than the present borough of Manhattan. Brooklyn is devoid of many of the characteristics that mark other great cities. She is almost totally lacking in hotel life. A city of one-tenth her population would have more hotels. But municipal greatness never rested upon hotel life. It breeds corpulence, not courage. It discourages the rearing of children, a thriving industry in Brooklyn. Brooklyn has not the wealth in proportion to her size that she should have. Brooklyn sat for long years under the shadow of old New York, contributing to the wealth of the metropolis, but obtaining nothing in return. Her population contributed to the real estate values upon Manhattan island. Her factories and forges made many of the fortunes that were spent across the East river. Only since consolidation have we received any dividends upon that ever increasing investment. We now pay $14,000,000 into the city treasury and take $17,000,000 out annually. Brooklyn has often been described as the bedroom of old New York. The description was apt, for Brooklyn has always been a city of homes, a city of those of moderate means, a city of respectability. Brooklyn has never been able to boast of her wealth, as other cities, nor has she had to blush for her poverty and depravity as some other cities have.

"She has, however, been able to vaunt herself in the matter of those things which by nature are companions of the home. She has always been noted for her great churches, and has had the finest pulpit orators of the day, and now she is as strong in that direction as she ever was in the past. Her private schools have been known far and wide, while so long as she controlled her public schools, they, too, stood extremely high. Since consolidation they have fallen somewhat behind the march. In dividing government among the boroughs, Mr. Grout achieved much. Where the greatest good was done was where centralization was left with the least sway. In school matters centralization rules absolutely, and to that extent the schools have been forcibly drawn away from the people, and the development has lain in the direction of complexity of educational system, rather than in that of perfecting the children in the rudiments of scholarship. Of late years we have taught our boys how to sew, even if we did neglect their spelling. This increases the number of special teachers, adds to the city's bills, but enables the school superintendents to read splendid reports of new and special courses when they attend pedagogic conventions. Your Exposition loaded New York's educational authorities with medals and prizes and honorable mentions. I would not censure you for this. No men ever worked harder for such honors. The trouble is they work too hard over frills and neglect the essentials. Were your judges to-day to hold an examination among our grammar scholars upon the three subjects, reading, writing and arithmetic, I am inclined to believe that you would send hurry orders for the return of many of those prizes.

"In school matters Brooklyn is at a loss no further than are the other boroughs of the greater city. She is at a loss because Mr. Grout's advice was not taken. In short, we so highly prize our sewers, our streets and our pavements that we directed that they be given directly into our own charge and under our own borough president, and then we held our children in such light esteem that we surrendered them into the keeping of a centralized board of education, which is in turn in the keeping of the board of superintendents, in which body Brooklyn has but a small voice. It has reminded me of those people who personally care for their own dogs and horses and leave their children to servants and hired tutors. The system has been wrong. The wrong system has been made top-heavy. The results have been poor.

"Brooklyn has developed the home life of America to a greater extent than any other city has done. She has few palaces. She has few hovels. She has a great army of American mothers and fathers that are bringing up the next generation of men and women, and she is rearing them in thousands of comfortable homes, where body develops with mind and where the spiritual welfare is an important factor.

"Brooklyn has a park system of which she is proud to-day, and of which she will grow prouder. In Prospect Park she has a jewel, in the very heart of the community. In Forest Park she has a promise of great future development. That new park lies upon high ground overlooking a vast section of the borough and exhibiting to the eye the bay of Jamaica and the ocean beyond. Forest Park is richly endowed by nature, and it will in the days to come be in beauty above either Prospect or Central. Brooklyn has great driveways leading to the ocean along her harbor front and out into Long Island, and she has laid out many small parks and is still engaged upon that work.

"In library matters Brooklyn to-day is well supplied. The system is most extensive and has been rapidly developed. It is another indication of what can be done when a department is decentralized. The Brooklyn Public Library is under the control of Brooklyn men. The board of estimate makes it an annual allowance. Andrew Carnegie gave to Brooklyn $1,600,000 for library construction. With that money twenty branch libraries are to be erected in time. Five are up; one is in operation. To-day there are over twenty branch libraries; most of them are in rented quarters, and they circulate over one million books a year among the people.

"As another indication of the life of Brooklyn brief reference should be made to the Institute of Arts and Sciences, the great college of those beyond school years. It has been referred to as the intellectual bargain counter of Brooklyn. It offers at very moderate prices literary, historical, musical instruction and entertainment and lectures in all the sciences. It is well supported, and the city is building it a central building that will be the Mecca of the ambitious and the cultured. No other city in the land supports such an institution, and it is a great credit to us.

"Brooklyn's spirit is due in a great measure to the nature of the press that caters to her. Her newspapers are intensely local in character. They give to her institutions such support as is not given to the institutions of any other city in the United States. It is this that has encouraged an intelligent and independent breadth of mind in Brooklyn. She keeps alive the old New England custom of a close watch over her government and of a constant discussion of all public questions. Englishmen are noted for their unremitting guard of their personal rights. They are not to be compared in this with Brooklynites who, in spite of a callous railroad system, still persist in demanding their rights.

"Her press has called into being all over Brooklyn numerous boards of trade and taxpayers' associations, and they, encouraged by the attention given to them, devote themselves to their neighborhoods. Edmund Burke referred to the journalists as a fourth estate. Aptly might we regard these trade boards as a second government. Highly are they respected. Many reforms, especially in transportation matters, have they achieved.

"I have outlined to you some of the features of Brooklyn life. She is in truth the place where the home life of Greater New York is developed, where it may be seen in its simple beauty adorned with its rugged virtue. I have not boasted of her rich men, but of her intellectual gifts; not of her social leaders, but of her clear-minded men and women; not of her wealth, but of her mental attainments. It is from such a community that we come to-day to write upon your visitors' book the name of Brooklyn. In our way we are as proud of our homes as was the old Roman matron of her two sons, although we may be as poorly decked with tawdry jewels as she was. We are as proud of our independence in politics as Philadelphia should be ashamed of her regularity. Boston is credited with being the Athens of America. Brooklyn deserves the title, but would leave to Boston her pedantic ways. We are sincere in our speech and simple in our faith, and when we say we rejoice in St. Louis' success, are glad to be here and are honored in having a day set aside for us, we but echo the sentiments that our hearts suggest."

At the conclusion of the oration the Chairman introduced Henry Sanger Snow, LL.D., who read the following original poem:

POEM OF DR. SNOW

I

Hail! city of the West, from ocean's strand Afar we bring thee greeting. At thy gate, Wide-thrown in welcome, gathered nations stand And praise the deed ye grandly celebrate! The imperial star that rose from eastern seas, Marking the new-born nation in the West, Rides in thy zenith now—by slow degrees The march of Empire takes its westward quest— And over scene more fair, sure star could never rest!

II

Worthy thy festival of that high deed— Louisiana's treaty—greatest act Of all that came from our great Jefferson: Nor king nor statesman sealed a nobler pact! And worthy the deed of this fair festival, When the young land whose life had scarce begun, With lofty courage doubt could ne'er appall, In the one act a finer victory won Than war in all her scarlet glory e'er hath done!

III

An hundred years have passed—what wonders wrought Along the Mississippi's mighty stream! The changes time's transforming wand hath brought Seem but the unreal visions of a dream! Where stretched in vast expanse to western sea The pathless forest and the trackless plain, Great States and teeming millions soon should be, And orchards fair and fields of waving grain And every art of peace through that broad land should reign.

IV

Hail to the Statesman whose far-seeing eyes Saw in the germ the nation that should be, Saw how a mighty empire should arise And span the continent from sea to sea, And building for the future, led the way With prescience and high courage, daring fate, An emperor's domain in a single day Bought for a purse of gold! a vast estate, From Europe's despot gained—to Freedom consecrate!

V

Conquest of Peace! on thy triumphal day No mourning captives, chained to victor's car, Nor spoil of war, nor bloodshed marked thy way, Nor hate, nor wrong did thy escutcheon mar! No throng of armed hosts thy mountains crossed. Thy forests echoed to no battle cry, No glory gained with nation's honor lost, Nor victor's plaudit, echoed with a sigh. Louisiana won—nor any doomed to die!

VI

Conquest of Peace! No Alsace here doth kneel, And Lorraine, scarred with unforgotten scar; No riven Poland, 'neath the warrior's heel, Spoil of the victor from the field of war. The sun that shines thy boundless plains along Lights not the smallest hamlet but is free; The winds that sweep thy mountains bear no song Save that the patriot sings—where Liberty And Peace and Law now are, and evermore shall be!

VII

So be it ever, through the coming age Our nation's destiny shall be fulfilled, Not by the tears that greed or passion wage, Not by the blood of foes or brethren spilled! But in the wiser and the nobler way The patriot Statesman taught us, when of yore His victory of Peace in one brief day Won glory greater than a year of war! So may it be, dear land, with thee for evermore!

At the conclusion of the exercises the benediction was pronounced by the Reverend Doctor Wintner, of Brooklyn, New York, in the following words:

"May the Lord our God, Creator of the universe and Father of mankind, bless all those in our home city afar off, and also those near here, and may He look down upon you in His kindness and grace, and grant you peace forevermore. Amen."

THE LUNCHEON

Immediately after the formal exercises, the delegation were guests of the State Commission at luncheon, at which Commissioner William Berri presided. Covers were laid for about 200. At the conclusion of the luncheon toasts were responded to by several. The program of remarks follows:

"A Welcome to the Fair," Honorable David R. Francis, President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition

"The Old Brooklynites," Ex-Senator Stephen M. Griswold "'Tis the sunset of life gives us mystical lore."

"Brooklyn of the Future" Dr. Henry Sanger Snow "There is a fascination in recollections of the past and hopes for the future."

"Brooklyn Women" Judge Hiram R. Steele "Woman! Blest partner of our joys and woes."

THE COMMITTEES

The local Brooklyn committee was as follows: President, Martin W. Littleton; Secretary, John B. Creighton.

Executive Committee: Herbert F. Gunnison, Robert W. Haff, Timothy L. Woodruff, Julian D. Fairchild, J. Edward Swanstrom, S.F. Rothschild, James J. McCabe, Frank E. O'Reilly, John N. Harman and Thomas P. Peters.

Entertainment Committee: Thomas P. Peters, James J. McCabe, James McLeer, Robert W. Haff and Timothy L. Woodruff.

Program Committee: J. Edward Swanstrom, Julian D. Fairchild and S.F. Rothschild.

Transportation Committee: Herbert F. Gunnison, Frank E. O'Reilly and William Berri.

THE EVENING RECEPTION

The New York City building on the Model street, in which the evening reception was held, was elaborately decorated with colored lights, the word "Brooklyn" appearing in fairy lamps over the main doorway. Within a wealth of palms and smilax was used.

The reception took place between eight and ten and was attended by the Brooklyn delegation, Exposition officials, State and national representatives and many invited guests. An orchestra furnished music and throughout the evening a buffet luncheon was served. The receiving line consisted of Thomas W. Hynes, Commissioner for New York city, and Mrs. Hynes; Vice-President Berri, of the State Commission, and Mrs. Berri; Colonel William Hester; Mr. and Mrs. J. Edward Swanstrom; Mr. and Mrs. R.W. Haff; Mr. and Mrs. Thomas P. Peters; Mr. John B. Creighton; Mr. and Mrs. Clarence W. Seamans; Dr. and Mrs. Henry Sanger Snow; Mr. and Mrs. Hiram R. Steele; Mr. and Mrs. Stephen M. Griswold; Mr. and Mrs. J. Adolph Mollenhauer; Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Raymond; Mr. Herbert F. Gunnison.

The exercises of the day were marked by an enthusiasm which invariably characterizes the undertakings of Brooklynites, and the large delegation which had journeyed all the way from home to spend four short days at the Fair felt more than repaid for the journey.



CHAPTER VIII

Thanksgiving Day



The fact that the Exposition did not close until December first compelled all employees to remain in St. Louis Thanksgiving Day; that day which, of all others, generally marks a family gathering. The Commission thoughtfully extended an invitation to all of its employees and their families in St. Louis to be their guests at Thanksgiving dinner in the State building. The number included about sixty-five people, every attache who was in town accepting the invitation.

The official colony of the Empire State at the great Exposition assembled at the State building at one o'clock. All were cordially greeted by Vice-President Berri, Mrs. Berri and Mrs. Norman E. Mack. Before sitting down to dinner a group picture was taken on the front steps of the building, a copy of which was subsequently presented by the Commission to each employee.

The table was set in the grand hall and was heavily laden with products of the State of New York. Owing to the approaching close of the Exposition, the agricultural and horticultural exhibits were heavily drawn upon. Great heaps of New York's superlative fruit and prize vegetables were used in decorating the table. Messrs. Bayno & Pindat served a tempting menu, features of which were those dishes always associated with Thanksgiving Day—roast turkey and pumpkin pie. A spirit of hearty good fellowship pervaded the entire occasion, and each one vied with his neighbor in adding to the total of the entertainment.

Remarks were made between the courses, and early in the event Vice-President Berri, who presided, arose and, after complimenting every one present on behalf of the Commission for the part they had taken in contributing to New York's success at the Fair, proceeded in a most happy vein and said in part, as follows:

REMARKS BY MR. BERRI

"We should be thankful way down deep in our hearts that we are citizens of such a great country—the United States of America. When you think of its wonderful struggle for years and know that to-day it is at the forefront of progress among the nations of the earth should we not be thankful that we are a part of it? We should be thankful that we have such a great President—a man respected by all nations. Republicans should be thankful that they won such a great victory at the polls, and Democrats should be thankful that the Republicans give them such good government.

"The married men here should be thankful that they have such good wives, and the wives that they have such good husbands; the unmarried men that they have in the future such a vista of happiness that is to come to them, and the young ladies should be thankful that there are so many young men around. There is no way to view this occasion but with a thanksgiving spirit, and nothing pleases me more than to be with you to-day. There has been no feature of our Fair at any time, in all of its various functions we have had, that gives me such great pleasure as to preside at this gathering. It is the first time we have been all brought together, and, while the hours of the Fair are numbered, I am sure that every one will go home never forgetting the pleasant days they have had at the great Exposition at St. Louis in the year nineteen hundred and four."

He then called upon Mrs. Norman E. Mack, the only other member of the Commission present. Mrs. Mack was warmly applauded and said:

RESPONSE BY MRS. MACK

"It gives me great pleasure to be able to take my Thanksgiving dinner to-day with so many who have done so much for the glory of New York at this Exposition. I particularly wish to compliment those of our own building who have always been so courteous and nice to me, and by so doing have aided the New York Commission in making the New York State building the social center of the Exposition."

OTHER SPEAKERS

Brief remarks were also made by Mr. J. H. Durkee, Superintendent of Agriculture; Mr. DeLancey M. Ellis, Director of Education and Social Economy; Mr. James T. Patterson, Assistant Superintendent of Horticulture; Mr. A. B. Strough, in charge of the Forestry, Fish and Game exhibit; Dr. H. H. Hinshaw, in charge of the Scientific exhibit, and the following officials of the State building: Hon. Frank J. LeFevre, Superintendent; Mrs. Dore Lyon, Hostess; Mrs. F. P. Applebee, Assistant Hostess; Miss Laura C. MacMartin, Matron, and Mr. George B. Cowper, Assistant Superintendent. Others present were called upon and made appropriate remarks, and the Pikers' Club, an organization composed of attaches of the building, furnished the musical part of the entertainment.

PRESENTATION TO SECRETARY BALL

Vice-President Berri then presented Mr. Charles A. Ball, Secretary and Chief Executive Officer of the Commission, with a complete fishing outfit in behalf of all of the employees of the New York State Commission. Mr. Ball enjoys a wide reputation as an expert with the rod. In his remarks Mr. Berri said that it had never been demonstrated that the Secretary had ever returned with any fish, and expressed the hope that with such a perfect equipment some tangible results might be shown. He also humorously referred to the fact that in the fire which a short time before had threatened the destruction of the State building, Mr. Ball's first thought had been for the safety of his fishing reels. The presentation was a complete surprise to the Secretary, who feelingly expressed his deep appreciation of the thoughtfulness of his staff in making him a present which he should treasure as long as he lived. He also expressed his gratitude to all of the employees of the Commission for their loyal support, which had meant so much in the successful participation of New York at the greatest Fair the world ever knew. He closed with laudatory remarks concerning the Commission, and the wisdom and thoroughness which had characterized its work.

In the course of her remarks Mrs. Lyon read the following original poem:

POEM BY MRS. LYON

Like ships upon the changing sea of life, Unknowing and unknown until we met, We've sailed awhile together, and no strife Has marred our joy, nor brought a faint regret.

O'er this composite family of ours, Begotten from each corner of our State, Has breathed a peaceful spirit, and the hours Have sped on wings from early dawn till late.

'Tis something to have met each other here, And found in each some trait to be admired, And felt the world replete with joy and cheer, And friendship still the thing to be desired.

The tiny corners that we once possessed By gentle contact have been rubbed away, And words that might have hurt have been suppressed, And peacefully we hail this Festive Day.

The time when we must part comes on apace, And soon we'll wend along our various ways, Then mem'ry's realm will crowded be for space To welcome friends of Exposition days.

To name each one and strive to pay the debt We owe, of deepest gratitude and praise In words, would take me many hours yet, And possibly run over into days.

And—after all, when all is said and done, It only means we've met—to live—to part. Then here's my wish—That we have just begun A friendship which may blossom in each heart.

LANTERN SLIDES

At the conclusion of the remarks a series of lantern slides illustrating some of the most attractive natural features of the Empire State were shown, the slides being a part of the exhibit in education. The entertainment concluded with informal dancing, music for the same being furnished by an orchestra which was in attendance. The assemblage dispersed with three rousing cheers for the Empire State and for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission of the State of New York.



CHAPTER IX

Educational Exhibit and Schedule of Awards

THE EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT

BY DELANCEY M. ELLIS

Director of Education and Social Economy



The movement for an educational exhibit of the State of New York at St. Louis was inaugurated at a meeting of the State Teachers' Association, held at Saratoga in July, 1902, at which a resolution was offered inviting the various educational associations of the State to co-operate with the above association in promoting an exhibit commensurate with the State's educational importance. An immediate response was forthcoming.

THE CONFERENCE COMMITTEE

Ten powerful educational associations and the two State administrative departments (since merged into the Department of Education) each sent a delegate to a central committee, which took the name of "Conference Committee," and consisted of Chairman, Myron T. Scudder, principal State Normal School, New Paltz, representing the Normal Principals' Council; Secretary, Henry L. Taylor, representing the University of the State of New York; A. M. Wright, Second Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction, representing the Department of Public Instruction; F. D. Boynton, superintendent of schools, Ithaca, representing the State Teachers' Association; Andrew W. Edson, associate superintendent of schools, city of New York, representing the Council of School Superintendents; Calvin W. Edwards, president Board of Education, Albany, representing the Association of School Boards; F. S. Fosdick, principal Masten Park High School, Buffalo, representing the Associated Academic Principals; George H. Walden, principal Grammar School No. 10, Rochester, representing the Council of Grammar School Principals; H. J. Schmitz, acting principal State Normal School, Geneseo, representing the Science Teachers' Association; A. C. Hill, Department of Public Instruction, representing the Training Teachers' Conference; Erwin B. Whitney, school commissioner, first district, Broome county, representing the School Commissioners and Superintendents' Association.

This Committee organized as above in October, 1902, and appointed a subcommittee to appear before the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission and request an adequate appropriation and the appointment of a director to carry on the work.

APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTOR

At the Meeting of the Commission held June 10, 1903, DeLancey M. Ellis, of Rochester, was appointed director, and the sum of $20,000 was set aside for the preparation of the educational exhibit. Offices were immediately opened at 46 Elwood building, Rochester, N. Y., and the work of collecting and preparing the exhibit material was begun. As the schools were just about to close for the summer holidays but little could be accomplished, and none of the work of the school year 1902-1903 could be procured. It is to be regretted that time was not allowed to procure an exhibit of work covering an entire school year. That which covers a shorter period is of necessity fragmentary and hardly conveys clearly an idea of the quality or scope of the work being done in a given institution.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE

The Conference Committee was invited to retain its organization and to take the name of "Advisory Committee," to co-operate with and assist the director, the members of the committee to serve without compensation, but necessary expenses while in discharge of their duties to be paid from the appropriation for the exhibit.

It would be hard to overestimate the services performed by this committee. Each member took a hearty interest in the work in hand and freely gave of his time and advice in carrying the work forward to a successful conclusion. Any lack of interest or enthusiasm on the part of the members of a given association was quickly dispelled by a personal appeal to its members from its representative upon the committee. In this way the interest was most genuine and general throughout the State, and in no way could the sentiment of educational interests be more clearly crystallized than in a meeting of this committee, and to them is due the thanks of the Commission, as well as the thanks of the educational forces of the State of New York for their unselfish efforts and wise counsel, which in so large a way was responsible for the success of the educational exhibit.

PLANS PRESENTED BEFORE EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

The director was invited to present the plans for the exhibit at the following educational meetings during the year 1903: University Convocation, at Albany, in June; State Teachers' Association, at Cliff Haven, in July; School Commissioners and Superintendents, at Watkins, in September; Association of Superintendents, which met in conjunction with the Massachusetts Association of Superintendents, at Boston, in October, and Associated Academic Principals, at Syracuse in December. The subject was cordially received, and a general effort was made throughout the field of education in the Empire State to prepare an exhibit which would surpass any that had ever been gathered before. By means of circulars, several of which were sent broadcast throughout the State, full instructions were given to local authorities as to the preparation of the work, amount of material desired and the proposed plan of arrangement. Throughout the fall and winter the director visited many cities of the State, consulted with exhibitors as to the most attractive way of preparing material, and held himself in readiness to assist all who experienced any difficulty in the preparation of their exhibits. The exhibit material was collected, systematically arranged and mounted at the offices in Rochester, the entire expense of its preparation and transportation being borne by the State, with the exception of the binding of written work and small incidental expenses, which were borne by the local school authorities.

LOCATION OF THE EXHIBIT

The space assigned to the State of New York contained approximately 2,300 square feet and was most advantageously located. It was directly within and facing the main north entrance of the Palace of Education, and at the intersection of the main north and south aisle and transverse aisle "B." For its neighbors were the city of St. Louis and the State of Missouri, both of which prepared most meritorious exhibits; and the State of Massachusetts, which is always looked upon as standing in the front rank in educational progress.

The Exposition authorities announced that no unit smaller than the State in public school exhibits would be recognized, except in the case of four or five cities which had powerful, strongly centralized school systems, making them worthy of independent space and proper subjects for individual study.

EXHIBIT OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK

The city of New York was numbered among these exceptions, and approximately 1,500 square feet of space was assigned it adjoining the space assigned to the State of New York. The city government appropriated $10,000 for its exhibit and bore the entire expense of the same. Associate Superintendent Andrew W. Edson was named as committee in charge of the exhibit by Superintendent William H. Maxwell. The city authorities early expressed a willingness and desire to co-operate with the State authorities in the preparation of an exhibit and agreed to follow the same general style of installation and arrangement. Due acknowledgment is hereby made to Superintendent Maxwell, Associate Superintendent Edson and to committees in charge of minor details for the adoption of plans already inaugurated in the preparation of the State exhibit, and to C. B. J. Snyder, superintendent of school buildings in the city of New York, who prepared the plans for the booth for both the State and city exhibits at no expense to the State.

THE INSTALLATION

The booth was so planned that from the outside it was apparently a single inclosure, the State and city exhibits being separated on the interior by an appropriate screen nine feet high, through which an entranceway was cut. Mr. Snyder's plans provided for a scheme of installation which, while inexpensive, was both artistic and dignified and admirably adapted for the display of the material to be exhibited. In fact it was generally conceded that much more effective results had been obtained than by surrounding states which had expended considerably more money. The inclosure was massive, the woodwork being an effective imitation of Flemish oak, and the hanging surface a burlap of a neutral green tint; the facade, sixteen feet in height, being broken every few feet at fixed intervals by fluted pilasters with ornamental caps. On the outside a wainscoting extended three feet from the floor, above which were panels for hanging exhibit material, the whole being capped by an attractive dentulated cornice. The entranceway, which was thrown across the corner at the intersection of the aisles, was a massive arch, surmounted by the coat of arms of the State, tinted in old ivory, underneath which in gold letters was, "State of New York." The interior was cut by transverse walls, nine feet high and extending seven feet from the main wall, thus forming a series of alcoves convenient for study on the part of visitors and leaving in the center an open space for the display of models, apparatus and cabinet material. Directly facing the entranceway were general and private offices. Completely surrounding the interior of the booth, on the eye line, were 100 wall cabinets which have come to be so generally used for the display of exhibit material. The wall space above the cabinets was used for the display of especially meritorious and attractive material, while below was a countershelf upon which, here and there, rested a showcase for the display of sewing, clay modeling, botanical specimens, etc. Underneath the counters were shelves for bound books and cupboards for the storage of printed matter and supplies. All work was mounted uniformly upon a Scotch gray cardboard and neatly lettered in white ink.

SCOPE OF THE EXHIBIT

Instead of confining the exhibit to the work of the public schools, as was quite generally done by other States exhibiting, it was decided to show, so far as possible, work now being done in all forms and phases of education in the Empire State. Space was freely given to private institutions to demonstrate the place which they are filling in the educational work of the State. Every subdivision of the official classification found an exemplification within the New York State exhibit. The participation of twenty-four cities and numerous incorporated villages, both in elementary and high school work, made the exhibits of those departments thoroughly representative of the work of the State as a whole. It is unfair to pick the work of a few progressive school systems, and endeavor to make it stand for the work of the State at large.

PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT

The plan of arrangement was arrived at only after the most careful thought and discussion, the desire being to so arrange the material as to be most serviceable to the educator and to those seeking suggestions and helpful ideas. In arranging an educational exhibit, emphasis must be placed either upon political divisions, subjects or grades. It was early determined that no separate space should be assigned to any single locality, but that all of the work of the State in the grades should be exhibited grade by grade and that of the high schools by subjects, and arranged under various departments, such as science, classics, mathematics, etc., thus making it possible for a grade teacher to readily compare her work with that of New York's, and to profit by the comparison, no matter in whose favor it might be, and a high school instructor in charge of a department to readily find the work of that department. This method rendered it unnecessary to look over the exhibits from several cities to find the particular work desired. Moreover, a further subdivision was made, in that the work was arranged according to the population of the contributing cities and villages. That is, the work from the city of the largest population contributing was installed first, and so on in order. While it was not the purpose to invite comparison of work between rival cities of the State, but rather to present a united front to the world at large, still if it was the desire of some to make such comparison, the above indicated arrangement was the most equitable, as all cities of approximately the same resources and theoretically working under like conditions were placed side by side, and the work of the small village was not placed in juxtaposition with that of the large, strongly centralized city system with many times its resources. A complete catalogue of the exhibit was freely distributed, and cross-references made to work of the various localities, so there was no difficulty for those interested in a single place to locate the work it contributed.

It was generally conceded that, while the above arrangement made no concession to local pride, it was by all odds the wisest arrangement to follow in an exposition of international scope. The compliments which were bestowed upon the arrangement of the exhibit, and the readiness with which all visitors found the work in which they were particularly interested, demonstrated beyond a doubt the wisdom of the committee in pursuing the course above outlined. The entire exhibit was also carefully classified in harmony with the official classification of the Exposition under the several groups and subdivisions thereof, thereby rendering additional aid in promptly locating exhibits in any particular department.

EXHIBIT DIVISIONS

Entering the booth one found to the left of the entrance the exhibit of the former State Department of Public Instruction. (It should be stated here that the exhibits of the University of the State of New York and of the State Department of Public Instruction were prepared before unification was an accomplished fact. The two exhibits can be said to have formed the exhibit of the new Department of Education.)

Next was the exhibit of the kindergartens, filling three units. (The term "unit" is used to designate one of the wall cabinets containing thirty-three cards 22 x 28 inches.)

Adjoining the kindergarten section was the exhibit of the elementary grades, filling twenty-five units. All the subjects of the curriculum were shown, the work in the wall cabinets being "types" or "samples" of work, the great bulk of which was shown in bound volumes. Cross-reference was made on the margin of each card to the volume containing similar work, thus facilitating the search of the visitor for a number of class exercises of work of the same general nature, and relieving the visitor interested in a general way of looking over a vast repetition of material. Separating the elementary grades from the high schools was the exhibit of the rural schools of the State, those schools under the jurisdiction of the several school commissioners. It was most complete and interesting, and afforded a clear picture of the work done in the ungraded country schools. The exhibit of the high schools, filling fourteen units, was next in order, and, as stated above, was subdivided into subjects. Twenty-four cities of the State, to say nothing of the incorporated villages, private institutions, etc., contributed material in one or more of the foregoing departments.

Next was installed the exhibit covering the professional training of teachers, equally divided between the State Normal School system and the work of the training schools and classes in cities and villages, each occupying five units. Every Normal School of the State was represented, each making a special exhibit in the particular subject or subjects assigned it by a committee of Normal School principals, to whom was delegated the duty of preparing an exhibit. All of the city training schools in the State, save four, were represented, as well as the great majority of training classes, the whole exhibit having been arranged by the State Supervisor of Training Schools and Classes.

In the next section was installed the exhibit in higher education, exhibits being in place from Colgate University, Hobart College, Manhattan College, the College of Pharmacy—allied with Columbia University—and Syracuse University, the latter institution making an exhibit both in applied sciences and in fine arts. Next were installed the exhibits of technical and trade schools, which contained interesting displays from the leading institutions in the State engaged in this line of work. Just beyond was the exhibit of the industrial schools, and then the display of special work in education which is being done by institutions not wholly educational in character. A unique unit was that devoted to the work of the Indian schools of the State, each of the several reservations being represented, and the whole exhibit being arranged by the State Inspector of Indian Schools.

The next alcove was devoted to the education of defectives. It contained concise exhibits from the institutions of the State devoted to the instruction of the deaf, dumb and blind, and was carefully studied by those engaged in this work.

The exhibit of summer schools and extension courses adjoined this and was designed to show the work which is best exemplified by the Chautauqua institution. In a manner allied with this work is that of the Education Department in visual instruction, which is carried on by lantern slides to aid in the teaching of geography, history and kindred subjects. It was, therefore, installed under this head. The exhibit received hearty commendation from educators generally, but particularly from foreign visitors. The scheme is thoroughly practicable, and nowhere else is it carried on with the same careful attention to detail, nor is the same perfection of slide making reached as in the State of New York.

The last exhibit before leaving the booth was that of the University of the State of New York.

SPECIAL FEATURES

There were many features of special interest. A series of thirty-two charts were prepared as the special exhibit of the New York State Teachers' Association, and will be reproduced in the forthcoming report of that body. To one interested in following the tremendous progress made in every branch of educational activity within our State during the past decade, these charts are invaluable. The two charts here reproduced and which formed a part of the exhibit of the Department of Public Instruction were the subject of much comment.

The model of the new State Normal and Training School at Fredonia, which was prepared by the manual training and art classes of the institution, came in for its share of attention. It was an accurate model of one of the State's finest educational structures.

The State Normal School at New Paltz sent a doll house made by the seventh grade boys for the first grade children in the practice department, the entire structure being completely furnished and appointed by the children.

A special feature was the exhibit of clay modeling from the State School of Clay Working and Ceramics at Alfred, the only school of its kind in the United States receiving State aid. Near by stood a cabinet full of home-made apparatus sent from various institutions, but a large part of which came from the physical laboratories of Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. The exhibit contained much of interest to a science teacher.

On the exterior of the facade was a huge educational map of the State, upon which was shown the location, grade, construction and normal capacity of every institution of learning within its borders. The superiority of New York's schoolhouses was shown by the large number constructed of brick and stone. The year 1904 marked the passing of the log schoolhouse, only four of which were shown upon the map as against approximately fifty ten years ago. The facade also contained an admirable exhibit of art work prepared by the students of the New York School of Applied Design for Women.

SIGNIFICANCE OF SOME CITY EXHIBITS

Various methods of instruction peculiar to certain cities or localities were fully set forth. Albany exhibited the work of one of the most complete systems of free kindergartens in the country, as well as the correlation of subjects in the elementary grades; also manual training and art courses in the high school. Batavia demonstrated the system of individual instruction as carried on in its schools, which involves the employment of two teachers in each classroom. Syracuse exemplified its courses in art, manual training and physical training in the elementary grades. Jamestown clearly set forth its course in manual training throughout the entire school course, while Ithaca, in addition to a well-rounded exhibit, by means of photographs, brought out the subject of high school athletics. The exhibit from Yonkers, which was general in character, portrayed the efficiency and superiority of the school equipment in that city.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

The exhibit from first to last demonstrated beyond peradventure the beneficial results accruing from a strongly centralized, and, at the same time, most liberal administration of educational interests.

A prominent morning daily paper, commenting editorially upon the exhibit, says: "It is worth your attention; it means more to every citizen of the Empire State than any other exhibit shown. The chief product of the Empire State is men; neither fields of grain or manufactures, invention or art are as important a product as men. In New York State are produced some of the greatest men of the country. A large part of the raw material comes into New York harbor past 'Liberty Enlightening the World,' and is gradually converted into citizenship. ... Some of the raw material imported is next to worthless; some of the domestic stuff is equally unpromising, but in the great bulk, year in and year out, there is the making of fine men. ... New York State men are scattered throughout the country. They found the cities of the west; they run the railroads; they manipulate the finances; they capitalize the new enterprises; they invest in the futures; they get into the public offices; they plan the political campaigns; they produce the new ideas; they center current history. Men are made in New York State in the schools. ... The better the schools the finer the quality of the men produced. Therefore, the school exhibit of New York State should interest every citizen, as the schools have been bettering year by year and the product increasing in value. ... The Commission in charge of this exhibit has spared no expense to make this educational showing a storehouse of novel ideas and suggestions dealing with the advance in pedagogy, and of the State's resources in the teaching of the young idea."

DISPOSITION OF MATERIAL

Many requests were received from the representatives of foreign governments, agents of pedagogical museums and individuals for portions of the exhibit, but the determination of the Lewis and Clark Exposition Commission of the State of New York to send the entire exhibit to the Exposition at Portland, Oregon, precluded the possibility of acceding to these requests and insures the holding intact of the entire exhibit throughout the Portland Exposition period, at the conclusion of which it is to be hoped that provision will be made for the establishment of a Pedagogical Museum at the Capitol in Albany, of which this exhibit may be made the nucleus.

ITEMS OF EXPENDITURE

The appropriation of $20,000 was expended approximately, as follows

Installation: Booth, wall cabinets, furniture, etc. $6,000 Salary of Director and assistants and maintenance at St. Louis —————————————————- 8,500 Freight, express, cartage, telegrams, etc. ———- 1,000 Material used in preparation and general supplies 2,700 Traveling expenses ———————————————- 1,250 Printing and stationery ————————————— 350 Expenses of Advisory Committee —————————- 200 ———- Total —————————————————————— $20,000 =======

THE STAFF

The Director acknowledges the loyalty and efficiency of those associated with him in the work of the department. To them belongs a large share of any credit which may be forthcoming for the value of the exhibit.

In an educational exhibit, probably more than any other, the necessity of a personal explanation to supplement the work exhibited is necessary. Miss Olive C. Kellogg, of New York city, and Miss Clara M. Paquet, of Cohoes, expert attendants, were always ready to explain the work exhibited, and to give full information concerning the distinctive features of the various city systems and institutions. They spoke the principal foreign languages, thus aiding visitors from abroad in more easily grasping the ideas set forth and the methods exemplified.

Miss Mary MacArthur, of Rochester, N.Y., served throughout the period of preparation and through the Exposition period as general assistant and stenographer; Hugh J. Kelly, of Albany, N.Y., as assistant and clerk, and E.J. Haddleton and H.B. Skinner, of Albany, as expert letterers and draftsmen.

Catalogue of Exhibitors in the Department of Education, Arranged by Groups, with the Awards, if Any, Received by Each

GROUP ONE

Kindergartens, Elementary Education, and Training of Teachers for Same

Albany, Board of Education, public schools. Gold medal Administrative blanks Forty-one volumes class exercises Photographs Course of study in drawing and drawings Ballston, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Batavia, Board of Education, public schools. Gold medal Eight volumes pupils' work Photographs Charts Pamphlets Cambridge, Board of Education, training class Photographs Canajoharie, Board of Education, public schools Pupils' selected work Canajoharie, Board of Education, training class Students' written work Canton, Board of Education Administrative blanks Photographs Cape Vincent, Board of Education, public school Three volumes pupils' written work Cato, Board of Education, public school One volume pupils' written work Cattaraugus, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Clayton, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Two volumes drawings Clyde, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' selected work Cohoes, Board of Education, public schools Pupils' drawings Colton, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' selected work Corinth, Board of Education, public schools Six volumes of pupils' written work Photographs Corinth, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Cortland, Board of Education, public schools Photographs Administrative blanks Pupils' selected work Annual report Depew, Board of Education, public schools Six industrial charts DeRuyter, Board of Education, teachers' training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work East Aurora, Board of Education, public schools Six volumes pupils' written work. Catalogues Education, State Department of. Grand prize Charts Statistics Administrative blanks Reports Maps Lantern slides Publications illustrating visual instruction system Fairport, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Freeport, Board of Education, public schools Three volumes pupils' written work Froebel Normal Institute, New York city. Silver medal One volume catalogues Photographs Students' written work Administrative blanks Kindergarten songs Glens Falls, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Gouverneur, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Griffith Institute, Springville, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Hamilton, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Herkimer, Board of Education, public schools Pupils' selected work Hornellsville, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' work Hudson, Board of Education, public schools One volume pupils' work in penmanship Ithaca, Board of Education, public schools. Gold medal Sixteen volumes pupils' written work Sloyd work Administrative blanks Photographs Jamestown, Board of Education, public schools. Silver medal Nineteen volumes pupils' written work Statistical charts Cabinet of manual training work Administrative blanks Photographs Johnstown, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, gold medal Six volumes pupils' written work Industrial charts Annual report Johnstown, Board of Education, training class Students' written work Kingston, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, gold medal Seven volumes pupils' written work Drawings Photographs Little Falls, Board of Education, public schools Pupils' selected work Malone, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Map, Educational map of New York State (See award to Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission) Mechanicville, Board of Education, public schools Six volumes pupils' written work Medina, Board of Education, public schools Six volumes pupils' written work Map drawing and relief maps Mexico, Board of Education, training class Students' written work Mohawk, Board of Education, public school Four volumes pupils' written work Newark, Board of Education, public schools One volume pupils' written work Catalogues and administrative blanks New Rochelle, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, gold medal Eighteen volumes pupils' written work Drawings Photographs North Collins, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Norwich, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Nunda, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Ogdensburg, Board of Education, public schools Four volumes pupils' written work Drawings Administrative blanks Ogdensburg, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Oneida, Board of Education, public schools Seven volumes pupils' written work One volume annual reports Administrative blanks Oneida, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Onondaga, Board of Education, academy Pupils' nature study work Phelps, Board of Education, public schools Five volumes pupils' written work Phoenix, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Port Byron, Board of Education, public school One volume pupils' written work Port Henry, Board of Education, public schools One volume pupils' written work Port Henry, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Port Jervis, Board of Education, union school Drawings Administrative blanks Port Leyden, Board of Education, union school Two volumes pupils' written work Photographs Public Instruction, State Department of (See award to Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission) Administrative blanks Pamphlets Charts Statistics Publications Fifty-six volumes, report of superintendent Pulaski, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' work Richfield Springs, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Rochester, plan of Clifford street embellishment Rural schools: Collective exhibit from following counties Broome county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Photographs Cattaraugus county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Photographs Chautauqua county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Photographs Chenango county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Photographs Columbia county Pupils' industrial work Cortland county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Dutchess county. Collective award, gold medal Photographs Genesee county Photograph Herkimer county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Lewis county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Madison county. Collective award, gold medal Photographs Monroe county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Nassau county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Photographs Niagara county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Photographs Oneida county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Onondaga county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Photographs Ontario county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Oswego county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Rensselaer county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work and industrial work Schuyler county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Photographs Ulster county. Collective award, gold medal Photographs. Washington county. Collective award, gold medal Pupils' written work Rushford, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' work Sag Harbor, Board of Education, public schools Seven volumes pupils' written work St. Patrick's Academy, Catskill Two volumes pupils' written work Photographs Drawings Salamanca, Board of Education, union school Eight volumes pupils' written work Photographs Salamanca, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Sandy Hill, Board of Education, public school Photograph Sandy Hill, Board of Education, training class Photograph Schenectady, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, gold medal Eight volumes pupils' written work Administrative blanks Photographs South Byron, union school Pupils' selected work Photograph Syracuse, Board of Education, public schools. Gold medal Pupils' selected work in drawing Photographs illustrating physical training course Manual training work Unadilla, Board of Education, training class Photographs Union, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Photographs Utica, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, gold medal Nine volumes pupils' written work Manual training and construction work Graphic charts Photographs Warrensburg, Board of Education, public schools Nine volumes pupils' written work Waterloo, Board of Education, public schools Pupils' selected work Catalogues Administrative blanks Photographs Home-made apparatus Watertown, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, gold medal Thirteen volumes pupils' written work Drawings Annual reports Watkins, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, gold medal Six volumes pupils' written work Photographs Administrative blanks Watkins, Board of Education, training class Students' written work Wellsville, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, gold medal Seven volumes pupils' written work White Plains, Board of Education, public schools Nine volumes pupils' written work Course of study in drawing and manual training Drawings, manual training, and Venetian iron work Photographs Administrative blanks Statistics Whitney Point, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold medal Students' written work Yonkers, Board of Education, public schools. Gold medal Nineteen volumes pupils' written work Drawings Photographs of buildings Photographs illustrating physical training and school plans

The following awards were made in this group to exhibits not a part of the collective State exhibit:

New York city, Department of Education, collective exhibit. Grand prize a. School system b. Collective exhibit of elementary grades c. Collective exhibit of vacation schools and evening schools d. Collective exhibit of manual training, drawing, and domestic science e. Physical training and methods for atypical children f. Kindergartens g. Free lecture system h. Training schools i. Exhibit of school buildings New York city, Department of Education, collective exhibit. Gold medal Manual training. Drawing. Domestic science New York city, Department of Education, collective exhibit. Gold medal. Vacation schools. Evening schools New York city, Department of Education, collective exhibit. Gold medal Physical training methods for atypical Children

The following awards were made to collaborators:

Andrew S. Draper, Albany. Grand prize Education Department Charles R. Skinner, Albany. Gold medal Department of Public Instruction DeLancey Al. Ellis, Rochester. Gold medal State exhibit William A. Wadsworth, Geneseo. Gold medal Improvement of school grounds Luther H. Gulick, New York city. Gold medal Physical training Theodore C. Hailes, Albany. Silver medal Educational map John Kennedy, Batavia. Silver medal Individual instruction James P. Haney, New York city. Silver medal Manual training Mrs. Anna L. Jessup, New York city. Silver medal Sewing Mrs. Mary E. Williams, New York city. Silver medal Cooking Evangeline E. Whitney, New York city. Silver medal Vacation schools Matthew J. Elgas, New York city. Silver medal Evening schools C. P. J. Snyder, New York city. Silver medal Facade of exhibit