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And next to Germany, which was young and full of ideals when I was young, there came India, and Indian thought which exercised their quieting influence on me. From a very early time I became conscious of the narrow horizon of this life on earth, and the purely phenomenal character of the world in which for a few years we have to live and move and have our being. As students of classical and other Oriental history we come to admire the great empires with their palaces and pyramids and temples and capitols. What could have seemed more real, more grand, more likely to impress the young mind than Babylon and Nineveh, Thebes and Alexandria, Jerusalem, Athens, and Rome? And now where are they? The very names of their great rulers and heroes are known to few people only and have to be learnt by heart, without telling us much of those who wore them. Many things for which thousands of human beings were willing to lay down their lives, and actually did lay them down, are to us mere words and dreams, myths, fables, and legends. If ever there was a doer, it was Hercules, and now we are told that he was a mere myth!
If one reads the description of Babylonian and Egyptian campaigns, as recorded on cuneiform cylinders and on the walls of ancient Egyptian temples, the number of people slaughtered seems immense, the issues overwhelming; and yet what has become of it all? The inroads of the Huns, the expeditions of Genghis Khan and Timur, so fully described by historians, shook the whole world to its foundations, and now the sand of the desert disturbed by their armies lies as smooth as ever.
What India teaches us is that in a state advancing towards civilization, there must be always two castes or two classes of men, a caste of Brahmans or of thinkers, and a caste of Kshatriyas, who are to fight; possibly other castes also of those who are to work and of those who are to serve. Great wars went on in India, but they were left to be fought by the warriors by profession. The peasants in their villages remained quiet, accepting the consequences, whatever they might be, and the Brahmans lived on, thinking and dreaming in their forests, satisfied to rule after the battle was over.
And what applies to military struggles seems to me to apply to all struggles—political, religious, social, commercial, and even literary. Let those who love to fight, fight; but let others who are fond of quiet work go on undisturbed in their own special callings. That was, as far as we can see, the old Indian idea, or at all events the ideal which the Brahmans wished to see realized. I do not stand up for utter idleness or sloth, not even for drones, though nature does not seem to condemn even hoc genus altogether. All I plead for, as a scholar and a thinker, is freedom from canvassing, from letter-reading and letter-writing, from committees, deputations, meetings, public dinners, and all the rest. That will sound very selfish to the ears of practical men, and I understand why they should look upon men like myself as hardly worth their salt. But what would they say to one of the greatest fighters in the history of the world? What would they say to Julius Caesar, when he declares that the triumphs and the laurel wreaths of Cicero are as far nobler than those of warriors as it is a greater achievement to extend the boundaries of the Roman intellect than the domains of the Roman people?
INDEX
Abiturienten, Examination at Zerbst, 106
Acland, Dr., 245
Admiration, power of, 90
Aitareya-brahmana, 203
All Souls' Fellowship, 23 — — pinnacles, 225, 226
Altenstein, Minister of Instruction, 131
Anglican system, 209 — orders, 291
Anhalt-Dessau, Duchy of, 46
Antiquities hid in etymologies, 152-154
Anti-Semitism, 70, 71
Arnim, Count, 110
Arnold, Matthew, 282-283
Artistic element in the Oxford movement, 303, 304
Aryan speakers may differ in blood, 32 — and aboriginal languages of India, M. M.'s paper on, 210, 211
Aryans of India, 197
Aryas, meaning of, 32
Asvalayana Sutras, 203
Atavism, 17, 25, 26, 27, 30
Atavistic influences, 27
Autobiography, object of M. M. in writing his, vi
Autos, the, 35
Babies, studying, 86
Bach family, 34
Baden-Powell, Professor, 238, 245
Bandinell, Dr., 259-261
Bardelli, Abbe, 170
Basedow, von, President, 54 — the Pedagogue, 55, 76
Bathing, 77
Bernays, Professor, 69
Bibliotheque Royale, 167
Biographies, too lenient, 2 — best kind of history, 14
Bismarck, 175
Bluecher, Marshal, 235
Blum, Robert, 15
Boden Professorship of Sanskrit, vii
Bodleian Library, 258, 259
Boehtlingk, 181, 182, 183
Books, scarcity of, 67
Bopp, 125, 132, 148, 151, 156 — his lectures, 156, 157
Brahmo Somaj, service for the, 61
Breakfast parties, 205
British Association at Oxford, 210, 215
Brockhaus, Professor, 147
Buckle, 287
Bull, Dr., 40, 255, 256
Bunsen, Baron, 5, 13, 16 — first visit to, 190, 191 — his kindness, 193, 199, 221
Burgon, 287
Burnouf, 167, 169, 178, 179-182, 288
Camerarius, 51
Canon of Christ Church, an old, 256-258
Canvassing, 312, 313
Carlyle, 310, 311
Carus, Professor, 98, 109
Chartist Deputation, 16
Chretian, 287
Christianity, historical teaching of, in Germany, 65, 287, 291 — an historical event, 300
Church, Dr., 287
Church, not for young children, 60
Circumstances, influence of, 24
Clarke, Sir Andrew, 82, 86
Classics, exaggerated praise of the, 101, 102 — — reactions from, 103 — nothing takes their place, 103
Colebrooke, 192
Colenso, 298, 305
Collegien-Buch, 121, 123-125
Comparative Philology, Professorship of, 12
Congregation and Convocation, why M. M. kept away from, 314, 315
Conscience, the voice of, 63
Coxe, Mr., 258
Cradock, Dr. and Mrs., 267
Crawford, Mr., the Objector General, 211
Curtius, 132, 151
Darwin, 2, 11, 17, 131
David, 107, 109
Deafness in M. M.'s family, 29
De Lisle, 293, 296
Dessau, Dukes of, 46 — cheapness of life at, 56, 57 — Gottesacker at, 57 — only two classes at, 73 — trade of, 73 — public school at, 76 — its walls, 89 — M. M.'s world, 89 — simplicity of life at, 92 — — effect on the character, 92, 96 — moral sayings, 96
Devas, [Greek: Theos], 144
Dieu, Deus, Devas, 197
Donkin, Professor, 246
Double First, 240
Drobisch, 129, 140, 142, 145
Duels at University, 119, 128, 129, 284, 286
Dyaus, Zeus, Iovis, 197
Early life, roughing it, 91
East India Company, 14
East India House, 16, 215
Eckart, 107, 109
Eckstein, Baron d', 176, 177
"Edinburgh Review," first article in, 222
Egyptian chronology, 199
"Elsie Venner," 31
Emerson, 310
Encaenia, 265, 266 — jokes at, 265
English and German Doctors, 84, 85
Environment, 17, 18, 25
Ernst, 110
Eternal, ewig, 150, 151
Etymologies, 152
Evolution, 198
Ewald, 298, 299, 305
Fairy tales, influence of, 50-52
Fear, the feeling of, 88
Feast of Tabernacles, 71
Fellowships, old system of, 246, 247, 263
Forbiger, 99
French master at Dessau, 75
French Revolution, 16, 216
Friar Bacon, 227
Froege, Professor, 109 — his wife and Mendelssohn, 109
Froude, J. A., 8, 287
Funkhaenel, 99
Gaisford, Dr., 240, 252-254
Gathy, M., 165, 172
German regiments, hymns sung by, 62 — students, 213
Germany and Germans, prejudice against, 20, 21 — religious feeling in, 62
Germ-plasm, 19, 28
Gewandhaus Concerts, 107
Giordano Bruno on Oxford, 228
Goethe, not always admired, 93
Goldstuecker, 170-172
Goldwin Smith, 238
Gottesacker at Dessau, 57
Grabau, M. M.'s concerts with, 110
Grandfather of M. M., 79-81
Grandmother of M. M., 53
Grant, Sir Alexander, 272, 273
Greene's Oxford, 227
Greenhill, Dr., 245
Grenville, Lord, 229
Greswell, Mr., 245
Griffith, Dr., Master of University, 229
Grimm, 151
Gruender, ein, 48
Guizot, 182
Habits acquired not hereditable, 33
Hagedorn, Baron, 112-114, 162 — journey with him, 112 — his plan of life for M. M., 113
Hahnemann, 82 et seq., 86
Hallam's literary dog, 209
Hare, Archdeacon, 205, 286 — visit to, 208
Hase, 185
Haupt, his Latin Society, 121, 125 — his dislike to modern philology, 155, 156
Hawkins, Dr., 240, 249
Headaches, suffering from, 81 et seq. — how cured, 83
Heads of Houses, 234, 264 — — their power, 239
Hebdomadal Board, 239, 255
Hebrew taught at the Nicolai-Schule, 100
Hegel, 2 — his philosophy, 130-138
Hegel's idea, 133-135 — "Philosophy of Nature," 135, 136 — "Philosophy of Religion," 135, 142 — "Metaphysics," 136
Heinroth, 139
Helps, Sir Arthur, 266
Hentzner, his description of Oxford, 228
Herbart, school of, 129, 140, 142
Heredity, 17
Hermann, Gottfried, 121, 125, 128 — welcomed modern philology, 155 — his kindness to M. M., 156
Hermae round the Theatre, 264
Highland lady at Oxford, 229
Hiller, 107, 109 — his oratorio, 110
Historical method, 198 — events, their influence transitory, 315, 316
Hitopadesa, 51
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 6, 266
Hoenicke, Dr., 78
Horace, "cheekiness" of, 102
Human weaknesses, allowance must be made for, 93, 94
Humboldt, 181
Imprisonment, M. M.'s, at University, 118, 119
Indian thought, influence of, 315, 317
Indolence, M. M.'s, 312
Inherited and acquired qualities, difference between, 33
Inspiration and infallibility, 65, 66
Institut de France, 186 — M. M. made Member, 186, 187
Jenkins, Dr., Master of Balliol, 250
Jerusalem, Bishopric of, 293
Jews at Dessau, 68, 70 — their privileges in Germany, 70
Johnson, Manuel, 286, 303 — his art treasures, 303
Jowett, Professor, 4, 6, 287
Kaliwoda, 107
Kant's "Kritik," 138
Kaspar Hauser, 18
Keshub Chunder Sen, 61
Kingsley, Charles, 5 — and muscular Christianity, 309
Klengel, 147
Kuhn, A., 154
Lamartine, 177
Language, influence of, 31 — differentiation of, 31, 32, 33 — science of, 198
Lassen, 23
Latham, Dr., 210
Layard, 11, 205
Leipzig, 15 — school at, 97 — University, 115
Lepsius, 159
Liberals at University, 117, 118
Liddell, Dr., 238 — and Mrs., 267
Liddell's Dictionary, 99
Liszt, 107-111
London, 188 — society, peeps into, 205 — M. M.'s social difficulties, 206-208
Longchamps, 167
Lotze, 129, 136, 139, 287
Louis Lucien Bonaparte, 214
Louis Napoleon, 16
Luther, 64 — his love of fairy tales, 50, 51 — tercentenary, 105
Maitland, Sir Peregrine, 251
Mammoth, 18
Manning, 296
Masters, influence of, in German and English schools, 77
Maurice, Frederick, 205, 286 — Pusey's attack on, 302
Memory changes, 39
Mendelssohn family, 33, 34
Mendelssohn, Felix, 107, 110 — his death, 110 — his concert for Liszt, 110, 111
Mendelssohn's "Hymn of Praise," 105 — music in Oxford, 268
Metternich, 72 — his system, 117
Mezzofanti, 30
Michelet, 287
Mill, John Stuart, 7, 14 — his Autos, 7
Mill, Dr., mention of a Vedic hymn printed at Calcutta, 192
Milton on Oxford, 228
Modern Literature, Professorship of, 12
Mommsen, 186, 187
Moncalm, "L'origine de la Pensee," 10 n.
Monk, M. M.'s wish to be a, 24
Monument-raising, 47
Morier, 275-279
Mother, M. M.'s, 57-59 — her relations, 54, 55
Mozley, 287
MSS., copying, 179
Mulde, excursion on foot along the, 112
Mueller, Wilhelm, 47, 48 — his poems, 48 — his family, 52, 53 — his home and society, 55 — early death, 56 — monument to, 49 Music, its influence on M. M., 67 — wished to make it his career, 111
"Mysteres de Paris," 174
Natural Science and Mathematics little taught at Nicolai-Schule, 100
Neander, 21, 22
Newman, 286, 292-296 — want of openness in his friends, 292, 296 — his influence, 293 — on "Lives of the Saints," 294, 295
Newspapers few in number, 71 — influence of modern, 72 — old, 74
Nicolai-Schule, 99 — chiefly for classics, 99-101
Niebuhr, 191, 289
Niedner, Dr., 127, 137, 140
Nirukta, the, 203
Nobbe, Dr., 99 — his testimonial, 105
Old and young men, 36
Oriental languages, 146
Orleans, Duchesse d', 177
Oxford, first visit to, 213 — settled at, 220 — social life at, 220, 221 — changes in, 223-226 — new buildings, 224, 225 — conservative, 226 — Greene's, 227 — Hentzner's description of, 228 — Giordano Bruno on, 228 — Milton on, 228 — society in 1810, 229-231 — great changes in, 243, 244 — society at, in the forties and fifties, 244, 245 — city society of, 245, 246 — high tone of talk, 284 — theological atmosphere at, 286 — trivial questions of ceremony in, 291, 292, 300, 301
Palgrave, 274, 287
Palm, Dr., 99
Palmerston, Lord, 16, 217
Panini, 182 — his grammar, 204
Pantschatantra, 51
Paper, scarcity of, 67
Parental influences, 27
Paris, 15, 162
Paris, journey to, 163, 164 — meals there, 166 — hard struggles in, 173, 283
Patagonians as types of humanity, 88
Peel, Sir Robert, 205
Philanthropinum, 54, 76
Philology, love of, 121
Philosophy, studied by M. M., 129, 137, 146
Physical science, revolt of, against Hegel, 135
Pillar and pillow, 189
"Pitar," father, 153
Pitcairn Islands, 18
Plumptre, Dr., 213, 215, 265
Poems, M. M.'s, 104, 105
Pollen, 287
Pott, 151, 160
Pranks at University, 119, 120
"Presence of mind," 262
Prichard, Dr., 211, 212, 221
Professor's lectures and fees, 121, 122
Professors, feeling of German students for their, 127
Proto-Aryan language, 200
Prowe, Professor, 116, 117
Public schools in Germany, 98 — — in England need reforming, 242
Pusey, Dr., 261, 299, 302
Race, differentiation of, 35
Rawlinson, Sir H., 205
Reay, Professor, 260
Reinaud, 186
Religion, practical, 305, 306
Religious feeling in Germany, 68 — — great tolerance in, 70, 71 — sentiments must be taught at home, 62 — teaching in school, 63
Renan, 185, 186, 288, 289, 290, 305
Research, fellowships for, 270
Revelation, subjective not objective, 66 — in the old sense, 288
Rigaud, John, 287
Rig-veda, how to publish the, 181, 182 — printing of, 222
Roman Catholic Church, English national feeling opposed to, 296, 297
Rose-bush, vision of the, 43, 44
Roth, 170, 171
Routh, Dr., 247-249
Rubens, Levy, 75
Ruskin, 224
Russell, Sir W., 37, 190
Sadowa, and Sixty-six, 38
St. Hilaire, Barthelemy, 170
St. Petersburg, idea of going to, 181, 183
Salis-Schwabe, Madame, 98
Salmon at Dessau, 56, 57
"Salve caput cruentatum," 59
Sanskrit Professorship, vii, 12 — chair of, at Leipzig, 147 — feeling against, 147 — unedited works, 204
Savigny, Professor, 122
Sayana's Commentary, 202-204
Schelling, 156, 195, 287, 289
Schlegel's "Weisheit der Indier," 146
Schleswig-Holstein question, 276
Schloezer, Karl von, 174, 176
School teaching, 67, 68 — success at, 104, 105 — routine of learning, 120
Schopenhauer, 289
Selbst-Kritik, 6
Self, the, 42
Sellar, Professor, 273, 274
Seminaries and societies at University, 123
Senatus Academicus, 236, 237
Shelley, 233
Simolin, Baron, 55
Sister, M. M.'s, 115, 116
Spiegel, Professor, 147
Sport, M. M.'s dislike of, 80
Stanislas Julien, 185
Stanley, Dr., 5, 41, 238, 286, 287, 302
Steel pens, 67
Stories in Oxford, regular descent of, 248
Strauss, 21, 305
Stubengelehrter, 308, 311
Student Clubs, 116
Student life in Paris, 184
Sunday games at the Observatory, 298
Sykes, Colonel, 16
Symons, Dr., 239, 240, 251
Sympathy in the joys and sufferings of others, 41, 42
Tait, Dr., 238
Talents in families, 33-35
Taylorian Professorship, 22
Telegraphs, old, 72
Testimonials, 4
Thalberg, 111
Thirlwall, 205
Thomson, Dr. and Mrs., 267, 268, 280, 281
Tippoo Sahib's tiger, 215
Travelling in the thirties, 111
Troyer, M., and the Duchesse de Wagram, 184
Truth, 312
Turanian languages, M. M.'s letter on, 160, 161
Tutors and Fellows, 236 — — their influence, 241, 268, 269
University, M. M.'s life at, 115, 116 — pranks, 119, 120 — duels at, 119, 128-130
University Press, 218, 219
Upanishads, 169
Van der Weyer, 205
Veda, 9, 12-14, 148, 168
Veda, a mystery, 191, 194 — MSS. of, in India, 192 — — brought to Europe, 193 — oldest of real books, 195 — primitive thought in the, 195, 197-199 — date of, 200 — translations of, 201 — East India Company and the, 201 — forming correct text of the Rig-, 202 — enormous work involved, 204
Vedic scholarship, 193
Veih, home, 153
Vernunft and Verstand, 143
Vigfusson, Dr., 254
Voltairian philosophy at Oxford, 307
Weismann, 27-30
Weisse, 129, 132-135, 139-142, 287
Wellesley, Dr., 304
Wellington, Duke of, 16, 40, 205
Westminster Abbey and St. Peter's, 304
Wilberforce, Samuel, 207, 208
Wilson, Professor, 158, 159
Wiseman, 296
Wolf, F. A., 48
Wolseley, Lord, 266
Wren, Sir Christopher, 264
Wright, Dr., 261, 262
Youth painted by the old, 35, 36
Zerbst, examined at, 106 — M. M.'s examiners at, 106
Zeus, Dyaus, 148, 149
OTHER BOOKS BY MAX MUeLLER
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* * * * *
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