839 Letter Book K, fo. 220b.

M447 Henry's marriage with Margaret of Anjou, 22 April, 1445.

840 Chron. of London (Nicholas), p. 134.

M448 Jack Cade's rebellion, 1450.

841 See "Historical Memoranda," by Stow, printed in "Three Fifteenth Cent. Chron." (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 28), pp. 94-99.

842 "And the Meire of London with the comynes of the city came to the kynge besekynge him that he wolde tarye in the cite, and they wolde lyve and dye with him, and pay for his costes of householde an halff yere; but he wold nott, but toke his journey to Kyllyngworthe."—"Three Fifteenth Cent. Chronicles" (Camd. Soc.), p. 67.

M449 The city prepares to defend itself.

843 Journal 5, fo. 36b.

844 Journal 5, fo. 39.

845 He had been admitted alderman of Lime Street ward in 1448, at the king's special request, and had only recently been discharged.—Journal 4, fo. 213b; Journal 5, fo. 38b. In 1461 he left England, but was captured at sea by the French and put to ransom for 4,000 marks.—Fabyan, p. 638.

846 Holinshed, iii, 224.

847 Gregory's Chron., p. 192.

848 Journal 5, fo. 40b.

M450 Mock trials held by the rebels at the Guildhall. M451 Cade apprehended.

849 Alexander Iden, who appears to have pursued Cade beyond the limits of his own jurisdiction, as Sheriff of Kent, into the neighbouring county of Sussex, where the rebel was apprehended in a garden at Heathfield.—"Three Fifteenth Cent. Chron.," preface, p. vii.

M452 The question of the succession to the throne. M453 Rivalry between the Dukes of York and Somerset, 1450.

850 The exclusion of the Duke and other nobles from the king's council had been made an express ground of complaint by the Kentish insurgents.

851 Chron., p. 196.

M454 Civil war averted.

852 "And so thei brought (the duke) ungirt thurgh London bitwene ij bisshoppes ridyng unto his place; and after that made hym swere at Paulis after theire entent, and put him frome his good peticions which were for the comoen wele of the realme."—Chron. of London (Nicolas), p. 138.

M455 The king's illness, 1453.

853 Journal 5, fos. 131, 132b, 133b.

M456 The City again called upon to assist in the defence of Calais, 1453-1454.

854 Journal 5, fos. 134b, 135b, 136.

855 -Id., fo. 148.

856 -Id., fo. 152.

857 -Id., fo. 152b.

858 -Id., fos. 183, 184.

859 Journal 5, fo. 206.

860 Report of City Chamberlain to the Court of Common Council.—Journal 5, fos. 227-228b.

M457 The Duke of York and his supporters take up their quarters in the city, 1454.

861 News-letter of John Stodeley, 19 Jan., 1454; Paston Letters (Gairdner), i, 265, 266.

862 Journal 5, fos 143, 145b, 152, 152b-160b.

M458 The Duke of York nominated protector, 1454.

863 Journal 5, fo. 150.

864 -Id., fos. 162, 162b.

865 -Id., fo. 164b.

M459 The first battle of St. Albans, 22 May, 1455. M460 A rising against the Lombards in the city, May, 1456.

866 Booking to Paston, 15 May; Paston Letters (Gairdner), i, 387; Cf. Chron. of London (Nicolas), p. 139; Gregory's Chron., p. 199.

867 William Cantelowe, alderman of Cripplegate and Billingsgate wards, from the latter of which he was discharged in October, 1461, on the score of old age and infirmity (Journal 6, fo. 81b). He appears in his time to have had financial dealings with the crown, on one occasion conveying money over sea for bringing Queen Margaret to England, and on another supplying gunpowder to the castle of Cherbourg, when it was in the hands of the English. He is thought by some to be identical with the William Cantelowe who afterwards (in 1464) captured Henry VI in a wood in the North of England.—"Three Fifteenth Cent. Chron." (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 28), Preface, p. viii.

868 Short English Chron. (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 28), p. 70.

M461 Letter from the king for safe-guarding the city, 3 Sept., 1456.

869 Letter Book K, fo. 287.

M462 The citizens offer to man and victual ships to punish France, 1457.

870 -Id., fo. 288b.

M463 A general reconciliation at St. Paul's, 25 March, 1458.

871 Cotton MS., Vitell. A, xvi, fo. 114.

872 Engl. Chron., 1377-1461 (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 77.

873 Fabyan, Chron. (ed. 1811), p. 633; Cf. Chron. of London (Nicolas), p. 139.

M464 Warwick implicated in a riot, Nov., 1458. M465 Seeks refuge in the city. M466 Leaves for Calais.

874 Journal 6, fos. 138, 138b, 139.

875 Engl. Chron., 1377-1461 (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 78; Cf. Fabyan, p. 633; Holinshed, iii, 249.

M467 Riot between citizens and Templars, April, 1459.

876 Short Engl. Chron. (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 28), p. 71; Chron. of London (Nicolas), p. 140.

M468 The battle of Blore Heath, 23 Sept., 1459. M469 Parliament at Coventry, 20 Nov., 1459.

877 Journal 6, fo. 166.

878 -Id., fo. 145.

M470 The king loses favour.

879 -Id., fo. 163.

880 English Chron., 1377-1461 (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 179.

M471 Unconstitutional conduct of the king in issuing commissions to raise an army, Jan., 1460. M472 A deputation from the City waits upon the king at Northampton. M473 The City's liberties not to be prejudiced.

881 Journal 6, fo. 224b.

882 William Paston, writing to his brother John, under date 28th January, 1460, remarks, "Item, the kyng cometh to London ward, and, as it is seyd, rereth the pepyll as he come; but it is certayn ther be comyssyons made in to dyvers schyres that every man be redy in his best aray to com when the kyng send for hem."—Paston Letters (Gairdner), i, 506.

883 Paston Letters (Gairdner), Introd., p. cxl.

884 The king's letter, dated 2 Feb., was read before the Common Council on the 5 Feb.—Letter Book K, fo. 313b; Journal 6, fo. 196b.

M474 Military precautions taken by the City, Feb., 1460.

885 Journal 6, fo. 197b.

886 -Id., fo. 203b.

887 -Id., fo. 158.

M475 Landing of the confederate earls. M476 The Common Council determine to oppose their entrance to the city, 27 June, 1460.

888 Journal 6, fo. 237.

889 It had been destroyed by fire during the Kentish outbreak.—Gregory's Chron., p. 193.

890 Journal 6, fo. 237b.

M477 Meeting of Common Council on Sunday, 29 June.

891 Journal 6, fo. 238.

892 -Id., fo. 238b.

M478 The Yorkist earls admitted into the city, 2 July, 1460.

893 Journal 6, fos. 239, 239b; Eng. Chron., 1377-1461 (Camd. Soc. No. 64), p. 94.

M479 The Tower holds out.

894 Journal 6, fo. 252b.

895 Eo quod nullus alius modus videtur esse tutus pro civitate.—Id., fo. 251.

896 Journal 6, fo. 251b.

M480 The Tower surrendered, 19 July. M481 Murder of Lord Scales.

897 -Id., fo. 250b.

898 Eng. Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 98. The Thames boatmen and sailors were almost as powerful and troublesome a body of men as the London apprentices. The Common Council had recently (11th July) endeavoured to subdue their turbulent spirit by the distribution among them of a large sum of money (L100).—Journal 6, fo. 254.

M482 Battle of Northampton, 10 July, 1460.

899 On the 4th July the Common Council voted the earls the sum of L1,000 by way of loan.—Journal 6, fo. 253.

900 Journal 6, fo. 256. By some inadvertence two copies of the agreement were sealed, one of which was returned to the mayor to be cancelled.

M483 Measures for restoring confidence in the city.

901 Journal 6, fo. 257.

M484 Parliament of 7 Oct., 1460. M485 The Duke of York's claim to the throne allowed. M486 The Livery Companies declare their allegiance to the king.

902 Gregory's Chron., p. 208; Engl. Chron., pp, 99-100; Short Engl. Chron., p. 75.

903 The interview with the wardens of the companies took place at a Common Council held on the 13th December, 1460.—Journal 6, fo. 282b.

M487 The battle of Wakefield, 29 Dec., 1460. M488 The second battle of St. Albans, 17 Feb., 1461.

904 Journal 6, fo. 13.

905 The governing body in the city was still Lancastrian at heart. On the 13th Feb. the Common Council had voted Henry, at that time in the hands of Warwick, a loan of 1,000 marks, and a further sum of 500 marks (making in all L1,000) for the purpose of garnysshyng and safeguarding the city. On the 24th a certain number of aldermen and commoners were deputed to answer for the safe custody of the Tower, and on the following day (25 Feb.) the mayor forbade, by public proclamation, any insult being offered to Sir Edmund Hampden and others, who had been despatched by the king and queen to London for the purpose of ascertaining "the true and faithful disposition" of the city.—Journal 6, fos. 35, 35b, 40.

M489 The Earls of March and Warwick admitted into the city, Feb., 1461.

906 Gregory's Chron., p. 215.

M490 Edward's claim to the crown recognised, 1 March, 1461.

907 Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 189.

908 Journal 6, fo. 37b.

M491 The accession of King Edward IV, March, 1461.

909 Letter Book L, fo. 4; Lib. Dunthorn, fo. 62; Journal 7, fo. 98.

910 Short English Chron. (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 28), p. 80.

911 Journal 7, fos. 97b, 98.

M492 Edward's first charter to the city, 26 Aug., 1461.

912 Charter, dat. Winchecombe, 26 Aug., 1461. Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 28).

M493 Second charter of Edward IV, 25 March, 1462.

913 Inspeximus charter, dated Westminster, 25 March, 1462. Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 13).

M494 City Loans, 1462.

914 Journal 7, fo. 8.

915 -Id., fo. 15.

916 See Inspeximus charter 15 Charles II.

M495 The king's reception in the city on his return from the North, Feb., 1463.

917 Journal 7, fo. 21b.

M496 Estrangement of Warwick, 1464-1468. M497 Alliance between England and Burgundy, 1468.

918 Journal 7, fo. 175.

M498 Renewal of the civil war, 1469.

919 Ancestor of Lord Bacon and others of the nobility.—See Orridge "Citizens and their Rulers," p. 222.

920 Fabyan, p. 656. He was deprived of his aldermanry (Broad Street Ward) by the king's orders.—Journal 7, fo. 128.

921 Journal 7, fos. 196, 198, 199.

922 Journal 7, fos. 215b, 222b.

923 -Id., fos. 229b, 230b.

M499 Flight of Edward and restoration of Henry VI, Oct., 1470.

924 -Id., fo. 222b.

925 A record of what took place in the city between the 1st and 6th October is set out in Journal 7, fo. 223b.

926 -Id., fo. 225.

927 He had, after Warwick's flight to France in March of this year, put to death and impaled twenty of the earl's followers.—Warkworth's Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 10), p. 9.

928 Journal 7, fo. 225.

M500 Sir Thomas Cooke or Coke, late alderman.

929 Fabyan Chron., p. 660.

M501 Edward recovers the throne, April, 1471.

930 Warkworth's Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 10), p. 15.—According to the chronicler, the Commons of the city were still loyal to Henry, whom Archbishop Nevill had carried through the streets, weak and sickly as he was, in the hope of exciting the sympathy of the burgesses. Had the archbishop been a true man, "as the Commons of London were," Edward would not have gained an entry into the city until after the victory of Barnet-field.

M502 The Kentish rising under "bastard" Fauconberg, May, 1471. M503 Attack made on the City.

931 Journal 5, fos. 152, 175.

932 The "bastard's" letter and the reply of the mayor and aldermen are set out in Journal 8, fos. 4b-6b, and Letter Book L, fo. 78.

933 Holinshed, iii, 323; Fabyan, p. 662.—According to Warkworth (p. 19), the Commons would willingly have admitted the rebels had the latter not attempted to fire Aldgate and London Bridge.

934 Paston Letters, iii, 17.

M504 Edward's return to London, and death of Henry VI, May, 1471.

935 The 21st May is the day usually given as that on which Edward returned. The City's Journal, however, gives the day as the Eve of the Ascension, that festival falling on May the 23rd.—Journal 8, fo. 7.

936 Warkworth's Chron., p. 21.

937 Namely, Richard Lee, Matthew Philip, Ralph Verney, John Young, William Tailour, George Irlond, William Hampton, Bartholomew James, Thomas Stalbrok, and William Stokker.—Journal 8, fo. 7.

938 Journal 7, fo. 246.

M505 Birth of Edward V.

939 -Id., 8, fo. 98.

M506 The invasion of France, 1475.

940 -Id., fo. 101.

941 Journal 8, fo. 110b.

M507 Edward and the citizens.

942 Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 28).

943 Journal 8, fo. 244.

944 Fabyan, p. 667.

M508 A famine threatened, 1482.

945 Proclamation, dated 21 Nov., 22 Edw. IV.—Letter Book L, fo. 281b; Journal 9, fo. 2.

M509 Edward's last parliament, 1483.

946 Journal 9, fo. 12.

947 -Id., fo. 14.

948 -Id., fo. 14b.

M510 Preparations for the coronation of Edward V.

949 -Id., fos. 18, 18b.

950 Journal 9, fo. 21b.

951 The oath taken by Gloucester to King Edward V, as well as the oath which he was willing to take to the queen, if she consented to quit Westminster, were read before the Common Council on the 23rd March.—Journal 9, fo. 23b.

M511 Shaw's sermon at Paul's Cross, Sunday, 22 June, 1483. M512 The Duke of Buckingham at the Guildhall, 24 June, 1483.

952 Wife of Matthew Shore, a respectable goldsmith of Lombard Street:—

"In Lombard-street, I once did dwelle, As London yet can witness welle; Where many gallants did beholde My beautye in a shop of golde."

(Percy Reliques).

She had recently been made to do penance by Gloucester in a white sheet for practising witchcraft upon him; but her unhappy position, as well as her well-known charity in better days, gained for her much sympathy and respect.

953 The duke's speech, interesting as it is, as showing the importance attached to gaining the favour of the City, cannot be regarded as historical.—Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 224 note.

M513 The deposition of Edward V, 26 June, 1483. M514 The coronation of Richard III, 6 July, 1433.

954 Journal 9, fo. 27.

955 Journal 9, fo. 33b. The names of the citizens selected for that honour are recorded.—Id., fo. 21b. The names also of those who attended coronations in the same capacity down to the time of George IV are, with one exception (the coronation of Charles I), entered in the City's archives.—(See Report on Coronations, presented to Co. Co., 18 Aug., 1831. Printed.)

956 -Id., fo. 43.

957 -Id., fo. 114b.

M515 Rebellion of the Duke of Buckingham, 1483. M516 His execution, 2 Nov. M517 The king's reception in the city, Nov., 1483. M518 Bold speech of the Londoners.

958 Journal 9, fo. 39.

959 Green, Hist. of the English People, ii, 63.

M519 Richard's Parliament, Jan., 1484.

960 Stat. 1 Richard III, c. 9.

961 -Id., c. 2.

M520 Expected invasion of Henry of Richmond, 1484.

962 Journal 9, fo. 43b.

963 Journal 9, fo. 56.

964 Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 140.

M521 Richard defeated and slain at Bosworth, 22 Aug., 1485.

965 Journal 9, fos. 78b, 81. Richard issued a proclamation against Henry "Tydder" on the 23 June, calling upon his subjects to defend themselves against his proposed attack.—Paston Letters (Gairdner), iii, 316-320.

966 Journal 9, fos. 81b-83b.

M522 Henry VII escorted to the city.

967 Journal 9, fos. 84, 85b, 86b; Cf. "Materials illustrative of the reign of Henry VII" (Rolls Series, No. 60), i, 4-6.

968 Holinshed, iii, 479.

M523 The sweating sickness, Sept.-Oct., 1485.

969 Hecker's "Epidemics of the Middle Ages," p. 168.

970 Journal 9, fo. 87b.

971 The day for election of mayor varied; at one time it was the Feast of the Translation of S. Edward (13 Oct.), at another the Feast of SS. Simon and Jude (28 Oct.).

972 Journal 9, fo. 88.

973 -Id., fo. 78b.

974 -Id., fo. 89b.

M524 A City loan of L2,000.

975 Holinshed, iii, 482, 483; Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 141b. According to Fabyan (p. 683), the Mercers, Grocers and Drapers subscribed nearly one half of the loan.

M525 Henry's marriage with Elizabeth of York, Jan., 1486.

976 Pol. Verg., 717; "Materials illustrative of the reign of Henry VII" (Rolls Series, No. 60), i, 3.

977 Gairdner's "Henry the Seventh" (Twelve English Statesmen Series), p. 47. No record of this appears in the City's archives.

M526 The insurrection of Lambert Simnel, 1487. M527 City gifts to the king, June and July, 1487.

978 Journal 9, fos. 150b, 151.

979 -Id., fo. 151.

M528 The king escorted to London, Oct., 1487. M529 The City's gift to the queen at her coronation, 25 Nov., 1487.

980 He arrived on the 3rd Nov.—Gairdner, p. 57.

981 Journal 9, fos. 157b, 158.

982 -Id., fo. 161.

M530 Henry VII and Brittany, 1488-1492.

983 Journal 9, fo. 223b; Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 142b; Fabyan, p. 683; Holinshed, iii, 492.

M531 Parliamentary supplies and City loans.

984 Henry's second parliament was summoned to meet the 9th Nov., 1487. The names of the City's representatives have not come down to us, but we know that William White, an alderman, was elected one or the members in the place of Thomas Fitz-William, who was chosen member for Lincolnshire, and we have the names of six men chosen to superintend the City's affairs in this parliament (ad prosequendum in parliamento pro negociis civitatis), viz:—William Capell, alderman, Thomas Bullesdon, Nicholas Alwyn, Simon Harrys, William Brogreve, and Thomas Grafton.—Journal 9, fo. 224.

985 Holinshed, iii, 492.

986 Journal 9, fo. 273b.

987 Fabyan, p. 684.

M532 Perkin Warbeck conspiracy, 1496-1497. M533 The city put into a state of defence.

988 Journal 10, fos. 80b, 83; Repertory 1, fos. 10b, 13. The "Repertories"—containing minutes of the proceedings of the Court of Aldermen, distinct from those of the Common Council—commence in 1495.

989 Repertory 1, fo. 19b.

990 Two years later, when the post was held by Arnold Babyngton, complaint being made of the noisome smell arising from the burning of bones, horns, shavings of leather, &c., in preparing food for the City's hounds, near Moorgate, the Common Hunt was allowed a sum of 26s. 8d. in addition to his customary fees for the purpose of supplying wood for the purpose.—Repertory 1, fo. 70. The office was maintained as late as the year 1807, when it was abolished by order of the Common Council.—Journal 84, fo. 135b.

991 Repertory 1, fo. 20b.

992 -Id., fos. 20, 20b.

M534 The rebels defeated at Blackheath, 22 June, 1497. M535 Perkin Warbeck in Cornwall. M536 Surrenders to the king's forces and is brought prisoner to London, Oct., 1498. M537 Is executed at Tyburn, 1499.

993 Journal 10, fo. 104b.

994 -Id., fo. 105.

995 -Id., fo. 108.

996 Fabyan, p. 687.

M538 Visit of Henry VIII as a boy to the city, 30 Oct., 1498.

997 Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 176.

M539 His speech.

998 Repertory 1, fo. 41b.

M540 Negotiations for a marriage between Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon. M541 Preparations for reception of the princess, Nov., 1499.

999 Repertory 1, fo. 62.

1000 Journal 10, fo. 187b.

M542 Death of an infant prince, June, 1500.

1001 Journal 10, fo. 190b.

1002 -Id., fo. 191.

M543 The marriage of Prince Arthur with Catherine of Aragon, 14 Nov., 1501.

1003 This is the date given by Gairdner (p. 198). According to Fabyan (p. 687) she arrived on the 4th Oct.

1004 Journal 10, fos. 238, 238b.

M544 More rejoicings in the city, March, 1503

1005 Repertory 1, fos. 122b-126. The account will be found in Archaeol., vol. xxxii, p. 126.

1006 Repertory 1, fos. 130, 130b.

M545 Charter of Henry VII to the Tailors of London, 6 June 1503.

1007 By Stat. 19 Henry VII, c. 7, annulling Stat. 15 Henry VI, c. 6.

1008 Repertory 2, fo. 146.

M546 Henry's charter to the City, 23 July, 1505.

1009 Charter dated 23 July, 1505, preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 15).

1010 Repertory 1, fo. 175.

M547 Henry's high-handed policy towards the City, 1506-1509.

1011 Strype, Stow's "Survey" (1720), bk. ii, p. 193.

1012 Repertory 2, fos. 12, 14; Grey Friars Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 53), p. 29.

1013 The sum mentioned by Holinshed (iii. 539), is L1,400; Cf. Fabyan, p. 689.

1014 Baker, in his Chronicle (ed. 1674), p. 248, puts Capel's fine at L1,400; Cf. Fabyan, p. 689; Holinshed, iii, 530; Journal 11, fo. 94.

1015 Fabyan, p. 690.

M548 Marriage of the Princess Mary, Dec., 1508.

1016 Letter Book M, fo. 138; Journal 11, fo. 28.

1017 Journal 11, fos. 37-39.

1018 Gairdner's "Henry the Seventh," p. 206.

M549 Henry's taste for the fine arts. M550 The King's Chapel and Chantry at Westminster.

1019 Journal 10, fos. 318, 318b; Repertory 2, fos. 10b-11b. A list of "such places as have charged themself and promysed to kepe the yerely obit" of Henry VII, as well as a copy of indentures made for the assurance of the same obit, with schedule of sums paid to various religious houses for the observance of the same, are entered in the City's Records.—Repertory 1. fo. 167b; Letter Book P, fo. 186b.

M551 The king's death, 22 April, 1509.

1020 The generally accepted day of his death, although the City's Archives in one place record it as having taken place on the 21st.—Journal 2, fo. 67b; Cf. Fabyan, 690.

1021 Holinshed, iii, 541.

1022 Journal 11, fos. 67b-69.

1023 "Aldermen barons and presenting barons astate whiche hath been Maires."

1024 Journal 2, fo. 69.

1025 Repertory 11, fo. 68b.

M552 Proceeding against Empson and Dudley and their agents.

1026 Letters Patent, dated 9 June, 1509, preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 29).

1027 Letter Book M, fo. 159; Journal 11, fo. 74b.

1028 Repertory 2, fo. 68.

M553 City gift on occasion of the king's coronation, 24 June, 1509.

1029 Journal 11, fos. 80, 81b, 82; Letter Book M, fo. 160.

1030 Journal 11, fo. 80.

1031 Holinshed, iii, 547.

M554 The war with France, 1512-1513.

1032 According to Holinshed (iii, 567), Parliament opened on the 25th Jan., 1512. The Parliamentary Returns give the date as the 4th Feb. with "no returns found." The names of the City's members, however, are recorded in the City's Archives. They were Alderman Sir William Capell, who had suffered so much at the close of the last reign, Richard Broke, the City's new Recorder, William Cawle or Calley, draper, and John Kyme, mercer, commoners.—Journal 11, fo. 147b; Repertory 2, fo. 125b.

1033 The Act for levying the necessary subsidy ordained that every alien made a denizen should be rated like a native, but that aliens who had not become denizens should be assessed at double the amount at which natives were assessed.—See "Historical Introd. to Cal. of Denizations and Naturalizations of Aliens in England, 1509-1603." (Huguenot Soc.), viii, 7.

1034 Journal 11, fo. 1.

1035 -Id., fo. 1b.

1036 Journal 11, fo. 171; Repertory 2, fos. 150b, 172.

1037 Repertory 2, fos. 151b-152.

1038 Journal 11, fo. 2.

1039 Repertory 2, fo. 153.

M555 The Battle of Spurs, 16 Aug., 1513. M556 Peace with France, 1514. M557 The New Learning. M558 Thomas More.

1040 Letter Book M., fo. 257; Repertory 3, fo. 221. In July, 1517, the Fellowship of Saddlers of London consented, on the recommendation of Archbishop Warham, to refer a matter of dispute between it and the parishioners of St. Vedast to the Recorder and Thomas More, gentleman, for settlement (Repertory 3, fo. 149); and in Aug., 1521, "Thomas More, late of London, gentleman," was bound over, in the sum of L20, to appear before the mayor for the time being, to answer such charges as might be made against him.—Journal 12, fo. 123.

1041 Roper's Life of Sir Thomas More, pp. 3, 5, 6.

M559 Dean Colet.

1042 Journal 8, fo. 144; Journal 9, fos. 13, 142b.

M560 Education in the city.

1043 William Lichfield, rector of All Hallows the Great, Gilbert Worthington, rector of St. Andrew's, Holborn, John Cote, rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill, and John Nigel or Neel, master of the hospital of St. Thomas de Acon and parson of St. Mary Colechurch.—Rot. Parl. v, 137.

M561 The City of London School.

1044 Stow's Survey (Thoms's ed., 1876), p. 42.

1045 Chamber Accounts (Town Clerk's office), i, fos. 202b, 203.

M562 St. Paul's School.

1046 Repertory 2, fos. 121b, 123.

1047 -Id., fo. 126b; Journal 11, fo. 147b.

1048 Journal 11, fo. 163; Repertory 2, fos. 133b, 142.

1049 Letter of Erasmus to Justus Jonas quoted in Lupton's Life of Colet, pp. 166, 167.

1050 Survey (Thoms's ed., 1876), p. 28.

M563 Provincial grammar schools founded by citizens of London.

1051 "The number of grammar schools, in various parts of the country, which owe their foundation and endowment to the piety and liberality of citizens of London ... far exceeds what might be supposed, approaching as it does nearly to a hundred."—Preface to Brewer's Life of Carpenter, p. xi.

M564 Birth of the Princess Mary, Feb., 1516.

1052 Repertory 3, fo. 46.

M565 The city and Cardinal Wolsey, 1516.

1053 -Id., fos. 70b, 71.

1054 -Id., fos. 86, 86b, 88.

1055 Repertory 3, fos. 116, 116b.

M566 Evil Mayday, 1517.

1056 Wares bought and sold between strangers—"foreign bought and sold"—were declared forfeited to the City by Letters Patent of Henry VII, 23 July. 1505, confirmed by Henry VIII, 12 July, 1523.

1057 In 1500, and again in 1516, orders were issued for all freemen to return with their families to the city on pain of losing their freedom.—Journal 10. fos. 181b, 259.

1058 Repertory 3, fos. 141b, 142.

1059 Holinshed, iii, 618.

1060 Or Munday; the name is said to appear in twenty-seven different forms. He was a goldsmith by trade, and was appointed (among others) by Cardinal Wolsey to report upon the assay of gold and silver coinage in 1526.—Journal 13, fo. 45b; Letter Book O, fo. 71b. He served sheriff, 1514; and was mayor in 1522.

1061 In 1462 the Common Council ordered basket-makers, gold wire-drawers, and other foreigners plying a craft within the city, to reside at Blanchappleton—a manor in the vicinity of Mark Lane—and not elsewhere.

1062 Repertory 3, fo. 55b.

1063 For an account of the riot and subsequent proceedings, see Holinshed, iii, 621-623, and the Grey Friars Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 53). p. 30.

M567 The City anxious to regain the king's lost favour.

1064 Repertory 3, fos. 143, 143b.

M568 A deputation attends the king at Greenwich, 11 May, 1517. M569 Wolsey and other lords to be bought over with gifts. M570 The king's pardon obtained, 22 May.

1065 Holinshed, iii, 624.

1066 Repertory 3, fo. 144b.

1067 -Id., fo. 143b.

1068 Holinshed, 624.

1069 Repertory 3, fo. 145b.

1070 -Id., fo. 145.

1071 Repertory 3, fo. 165.

1072 -Id., fo. 166.

1073 "Thys yere was much a doo in the yelde-halle for the mayer for the comyns wold not have had Semer, for be cause of yell May-day."—Grey Friars Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 53), p. 33.

1074 Repertory 11, fo. 351b.

M571 The epidemic of 1518.

1075 Cal. Letters and Papers, For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. ii, pt. i, Pref., p. ccxxi.

1076 -Id., vol. ii, pt. ii, p. 1276.

1077 Repertory 3, fos. 184b, 189b, 191, 192.

1078 Letter Book N, fo. 95b.

1079 Repertory 3, fos. 192, 194; Letter Book N, fos. 63b, 74.

1080 Repertory 3, fo. 197.

M572 Marriage of the infant Princess Mary with the Dauphin, 5 Oct., 1518.

1081 Hall's Chron., pp. 593, 594.

1082 Holinshed, iii, 632.

1083 Cal. Letters and Papers, For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. ii. pt. i, Pref., pp. clx, clxi.

M573 Preparations for the reception of the legate in the city, July, 1519.

1084 "An order devysed by the Mayer and hys brethrern the aldremen by the Kynges commandment for a Tryumphe to be done in the Citie of London at the Request of the Right honorable ambassadors of the Kynge of Romayns."—10 July, Journal 12, fo. 9.

M574 The legate lands at Deal, 23 July, 1519. M575 A story told of his passage through the city.

1085 Hall, pp. 592, 593.

M576 The contest for the empire, 1519.

1086 Holinshed, iii, 639.

M577 The emperor's visit to the city, 1522.

1087 Journal 12, fos. 125, 172b, 173b; Letter Book N, fo. 194b.

1088 Knighted the next day at Greenwich.—Repertory 5, fo. 295.

1089 Repertory 5, fo. 294.

1090 -Id. 4, fo. 134b.

1091 -Id. 5, fo. 293.

M578 Pestilence and famine, 1519-1522.

1092 Journal 12, fos. 75b-76; Letter Book N, fos. 142-143.

1093 Grey Friars Chron., p. 30; Repertory 4, fo. 71b.

1094 Repertory 4, fos. 1b, 12, 13.

1095 Journal 12, fo. 136.

1096 -Id., fo. 144.

1097 Journal 12, fos. 158, 161, 163b; Letter Book N, fos. 187b, 190b.

1098 Holinshed, iii, 675.

M579 Execution of the Duke of Buckingham, 1521.

1099 Shakespere mentions the Duke's manor thus:—

"Not long before your highness sped to France, The duke being at the Rose, within the parish St. Laurence Poultney, did of me demand What was the speech among the Londoners Concerning the French journey."

—Henry VIII, act 1, sc. 2.

1100 Cal. Letters and Papers, For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. iii, pt. i, Pref., pp. cxxv, cxxvi, cxxxv, cxxxvi.

1101 On the 5th July steps were taken by the Court of Aldermen for putting a stop to the mutinous and seditious words that were current in the city "concerning the lamenting and sorrowing of the death of the duke"—men saying that he was guiltless—and special precautions were taken for the safe custody of weapons and harness for fear of an outbreak. The scribe evinced his loyalty by heading the page of the record with Lex domini immaculata: Vivat Rex Currat L.—Repertory 5, fo. 204.

M580 City loan of L20,000 to assist the king against France, 1522.

1102 Repertory 5, fo. 288.

1103 Journal 12, fos. 187b, 188b, 195; Letter Book N, fos. 203b, 204, 208.

M581 The aldermen to be assessed with the commoners and not to be severed.

1104 Repertory 5, fo. 292.

1105 Journal 12, fo. 187b.

1106 Repertory 5, fos. 289, 290.

1107 -Id., fo. 291.

1108 Repertory 5, fos. 296b, 297.

1109 -Id., fo. 294.

M582 A further loan of 4,000 marks. M583 Letter of thanks from Wolsey, 3 Sept., 1522.

1110 A portion remained unpaid on 16 August.—Journal 12, fo. 195.

1111 Letter dated 3 Sept.—Journal 12, fo. 196b. On 28 Sept. Wolsey asked for more time to repay the loan.—Repertory 5, fo. 326.

1112 Journal 12, fo. 200.

M584 The City makes a stand against further loans. Nov., 1522. M585 Others follow its example.

1113 Journal 12, fo. 210.

1114 See Green's "Hist. of the English People," ii, 121. 122.

M586 Appeal to parliament, April, 1523.

1115 Grey Friars Chron., p. 31.

1116 Repertory 4, fo. 144; Cf. Repertory 6, fo. 20b; Letter Book N, fo. 222.

1117 Repertory 4, fo. 145b.

1118 Roper's "Life of More," pp. 17-20.

M587 The City and Wolsey, 1523.

1119 Repertory 4, fos. 152, 168; Cf. Repertory 6, fo. 38.

1120 Repertory 4, fos. 144b, 145, 146, 150; Cf. Repertory 6, fos. 22b, 29, 32b.

M588 The king and queen of Denmark in the city.

1121 Grey Friars Chron. pp. 30, 31.

1122 Repertory 4, fos. 153b-154; Cf. Repertory 6, fo. 42.

M589 England invaded by the Scots. 1523.

1123 Repertory 6, fo. 61b.

1124 Holinshed, iii, 692, 693.

M590 Monoux refuses to accept the mayoralty a second time, Oct., 1523.

1125 Journal 12, fos. 249-250.

1126 Journal 12, fos. 287-288.

M591 The king pledges himself to repay the City loan of L20,000.

1127 -Id., fo. 276.

M592 Formation of a league against France.

1128 -Id., fo. 284.

M593 Proclamation for the recovery of lost letters, 10 July, 1524. M594 The king of France made prisoner at Pavia, 24 Feb., 1525. M595 Rejoicing in the city.

1129 Letter Book N, fo. 280; Journal 12, fo. 329.

1130 Grey Friars Chron., p. 32.

M596 The Amicable Loan, 1525.

1131 Hall's Chron., p. 695.

1132 Journal 12, fo. 331; Letter Book N. fo. 278.

1133 Journal 12, fo. 331b.

1134 Hall's Chron., p. 701.

M597 A truce between England and France. M598 French ambassadors lodged in the city, 1527.

1135 The truce was to last from 14 August to 1 December.—Letter Book N, fos. 291, 293; Journal 12, fos. 300, 305.

1136 "Item in lyke wyse the Chamberleyn shall have allowance of and for suche gyftes and presentes as were geven presentyd on Sonday laste passyd at the Bysshoppes palace at Paules to the Ambassadours of Fraunce devysed and appoynted by my lorde Cardynalles Grace and most specyally at his contemplacioun geven for asmoch as lyke precedent in so ample maner hath not afore tyme be seen; the presents ensue etc."—Repertory 7, fo. 225.

M599 Troubles over Wythypol's election as alderman, 1527-1528. M600 Wythypol again summoned to take office. M601 Committed to Newgate, 6 Feb., 1528. M602 Again summoned to take office, 22 May.

1137 He had been one of the commoners sent to confer with Wolsey touching the amicable loan (Journal 12, fo. 331b). He attended the coronation banquet of Anne Boleyn in 1533 (Repertory 9, fo. 2), and was M.P. for the city from 1529-1536 (Letter Book O, fo. 157). His daughter Elizabeth married Emanuel Lucar, also a merchant-tailor.—Repertory 9, fos. 139. 140.

1138 Repertory 7, fos. 171b, 172, 174b, 179.

1139 Repertory 7, fos. 179b, 180.

1140 To the effect that he was not worth L1,000.—Journal 7, fo. 198.

1141 Repertory 7, fos. 238b, 240, 240b.

1142 -Id., fo. 243b.

1143 Repertory 7, fo. 206. The Common Council assessed the fine at L100.—Journal 13, fo. 61b; Letter Book O, fo. 80b.

1144 Repertory 7, fo. 264.

M603 A great dearth in the city, 1529.

1145 Journal 13, fo. 184b.

1146 Letter Book O, fos. 88b, 89b.

M604 The legatine court at the Blackfriars, 1529.

1147 Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. iv, Introd., p. cccclxv.

M605 The lord mayor's banquet, 28 Oct., 1529.

1148 Letter Book O, fos. 174b-175; Journal 13, fo. 180b.

M606 The fall of Wolsey, 1529-1530.

1149 Letter Book O, fo. 157.

1150 About the year 1522 Cromwell was living in the city, near Fenchurch, combining the business of a merchant with that of a money-lender. He sat in the parliament of 1523, and towards the close of that year served on a wardmote inquest for Bread Street Ward. In 1524 he entered Wolsey's service.—Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII.), vol. iii, pt. i, Introd., pp. cclvi, cclvii.

1151 Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. iv, Introd., pp. dliii-dlvi.

M607 The House of Commons and the Clergy, 1529.

1152 Stat. 21, Henry VIII, caps. 5, 6 and 13.

1153 Proclamation, 12 Sept., 1530.—Letter Book O, fo. 199b.

M608 Disputes touching tithes payable to city clergy, 1527-1534.

1154 Burnell, "London (City) Tithes Act, 1879," Introd., pp. 1, 2.

1155 Letter Book O, fos. 47, seq.

1156 A list of these, comprising seven churches, was submitted to the Court of Aldermen, 23 Feb., 1528.—Repertory 8, fo. 21.

M609 The curates' book of articles.

1157 Letter Book O, fos. 140b, 141b.

1158 Repertory 8, fo. 27b.

1159 Letter Book O, fos. 145, 145b; Journal 13, fo. 125b.

1160 Letter book P, fos. 31, 34, 41b; Journal 13, fo. 417b.

1161 This order was confirmed by stat. 27, Henry VIII, cap. 21. Ten years later a decree was made pursuant to stat. 37, Henry VIII, cap. 12, regulating the whole subject of tithes, but owing to the decree not having been enrolled in accordance with the terms of the statute, much litigation has in recent times arisen.—Burnell, "London (City) Tithes Act, 1879," Introd., p. 3.

M610 Elsing Spital and Holy Trinity Priory surrendered to the king, 1530-1531.

1162 The well-known and somewhat romantic account of the origin of the priory and of its connection with the city cnihten-guild is given in Letter Book C, fos. 134b, seq.; Cf. Liber Dunthorn, fo. 79.

1163 Grey Friars Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 53), p. 35. Three years later (30 March, 1534) the Court of Aldermen resolved to wait upon the chancellor "to know his mind for the office concerning the lands" belonging to the late priory.—Repertory 9, fo. 53b.

M611 The Great Beam reconveyed to the City after the lapse of ten years, 1531.

1164 By letters patent dated 13 April, 1531 (preserved at the Guildhall, Box No. 16).

1165 Henry Lumnore, Lumnar or Lomner, a grocer by guild as well as calling (see Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. iii, pt. ii, p. 879), was associated with Sidney in holding the beam. The City offered to buy him out either by bestowing on him an annuity of L10 during the joint lives of himself and Sidney, or else by paying him a lump sum of L100.—Repertory 8, fo. 218b.

1166 Anne Boleyn.

1167 Repertory 8, fo. 131.

1168 -Id., fos. 142b. 202b.

M612 Feeling in the city at Henry's marriage with Anne Boleyn, 1533.

1169 Chapuys to the emperor.—Cal. State Papers (Spanish), vol. iv., pt. ii, p. 646.

M613 The queen's passage from the Tower to Westminster, 31 May, 1533.

1170 Repertory 9, fo. 1b. There is a fine drawing at Berlin by Holbein which is thought to be the original design for the triumphal arch erected by the merchants of the Steelyard on this occasion.

M614 The City's gift of 1,000 marks.

1171 Journal 13, fo. 371b. According to Wriothesley (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 11, p. 19) the present to the queen was made to her in a purse of cloth of gold on the occasion of her passing through the city on the 31st May, the day before her coronation.

1172 Repertory 2, fo. 70b; Repertory 9, fo. 2.

M615 The Act of Succession, 1534.

1173 Letter Book P, fos. 37-37b; Journal 13, fo. 408b.

1174 Letter to Lord Lisle.—Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. vii, p. 208.

1175 Repertory 9, fo. 57b. "Allso the same day [20 April] all the craftes in London were called to their halls, and there were sworne on a booke to be true to Queene Anne and to believe and take her for lawfull wife of the Kinge and rightfull Queene of Englande, and utterlie to thincke the Lady Marie, daughter to the Kinge by Queene Katherin, but as a bastarde, and thus to doe without any scrupulositie of conscience."—Wriothesley's Chron., i, 24.

M616 Proceedings against those objecting to subscribe to the Act of Succession.

1176 Grey Friars Chron., p. 37. In November of the last year they had been made to do penance at Paul's Cross and afterwards at Canterbury.

M617 The monks of the Charterhouse, 1534-1535.

1177 "Historia aliquot nostri saeculi martyrum," 1583. Much of it is quoted by Father Gasquet in his work on "Henry VIII and the English Monasteries" (cap. vi), and also by Mr. Froude ("Hist. of England," vol. ii, cap. ix).

1178 Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. vii, p. 283.

1179 This convent—the most virtuous house of religion in England—was of the Order of St. Bridget, and received an annual visit from the mayor and aldermen of the City of London at what was known as "the pardon time of Sion," in the month of August. In return for the hospitality bestowed by the lady abbess on these occasions the Court of Aldermen occasionally made her presents of wine (Repertories 3, fo. 94b; 7, fo. 275). In 1517 the court instructed the chamberlain to avoid excess of diet on the customary visit. There was to be no breakfast on the barge and no swans at dinner (Repertory 3, fo. 154b). In 1825 the Court of Common Council decreed (inter alia) that "as tonchyng the goyng of my lord mayre and my masters his brethern the aldermen [to] Syon, yt is sett at large and to be in case as it was before the Restreynt" (Journal 12, fo. 302). It was suppressed 25 Nov., 1539.—Wriothesley's Chron., i, 109.

M618 The Act of Supremacy, 1534. M619 Execution of Houghton and others, 1535.

1180 The Act of Supremacy was passed in 1534, but the king's new title as Supreme Head of the Church was not incorporated in his style before the 15 Jan., 1535.

1181 Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. viii, p. 321.

1182 -Id., p. 354.

M620 Execution of Fisher and More, 1535.

1183 Repertory 9, fo. 145.

M621 The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536.

1184 -Id., fo. 199.

1185 He had been elected mayor for the second time in October last (1535), much against his own wish, at the king's express desire.—Journal 13, fo. 452b; Wriothesley, i, 31. He presented the City with a collar of SS. to be worn by the mayor for the time being.—Repertory 11, fo. 238.

1186 Repertory 9, fos. 199, 199b.

1187 Repertory 9, fo. 200.

1188 -Id., fo. 200b.

1189 Son of Thomas Warren, fuller; grandson of William Warren, of Fering, co. Sussex. He was knighted on the day that his election was confirmed by the king (Wriothesley. i, 59). His daughter Joan (by his second wife Joan, daughter of John Lake, of London) married Sir Henry Williams, alias Cromwell (Repertory 14, fo. 180; Journal 17. fo. 137b), by whom she had issue Robert Cromwell, father of the Protector. Warren died 11 July, 1533, and his widow married Alderman Sir Thomas White.—See notes to Machyn's Diary, p. 330.

1190 Repertory 9, fo. 209b.

M622 Henry's marriage with Jane Seymour, May, 1536.

1191 Henry attributed her miscarriage to licentiousness; others to her having received a shock at seeing her royal husband thrown from his horse whilst tilting at the ring.—Wriothesley, i, 33.

1192 Chapuys to [Granvelle] 25 Aug., 1536.—Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. xi., p. 145.

M623 Convocation at St. Paul's, 9 June-20 July, 1536.

1193 Wriothesley, i, 52-53.

M624 Preparation for the new queen's coronation. M625 She dies in childbed, 24 Oct., 1537.

1194 Letter Book P, fo. 103b.

1195 Wriothesley, i, 69.

1196 Letter Book P, fo. 135b; Wriothesley, i, 71, 72.

M626 Anne of Cleves arrives at Dover, 27 Dec., 1539. M627 Her passage through the city, 4 Feb,. 1540.

1197 Repertory 10, fos. 152b, 153; Wriothesley, i, 109, 111.

1198 Repertory 10, fo. 161. The circumstance that Henry carried his new bride to Westminster by water instead of conducting her thither through the streets of the city has been considered a proof of his want of regard for her.

M628 Cromwell's work of demolition in the city, 1537-1538.

1199 Holinshed, iii. 807.

1200 Letter Book P, fo. 113; Journal 14, fo. 30b.

1201 Stow's "Survey" (Thoms's ed., 1876), p. 68.

1202 The Mercers' Company applied for a grant of the chapel and other property of the hospital; and this was conceded by letters patent, 21 April, 1542, upon payment of the sum of L969 17s. 6d., subject to a reserved rent of L7 8s. 10d., which was redeemed by the company in 1560.—Livery Comp. Com. (1880), Append. to Report, 1884, vol. ii, p. 9.

M629 The division of the spoil.

1203 On the re-establishment of the Dutch or Mother Strangers' Church, at Elizabeth's accession, it was declared by the Privy Council to be under the superintendence of the Bishop of London (Cal. State Papers Dom., Feb., 1560). Hence it was that Dr. Temple, Bishop of London, was memorialised in March, 1888, as superintendent of the French Church in London.—See "Eng. Hist. Review," April, 1891, pp. 388-389.

1204 Stow's "Survey" (Thoms's ed., 1876), p. 67.

1205 Nichols' "Progresses of Queen Eliz.," iii. 598. For particulars of Swinnerton see Clode's "Early Hist. of the Merchant Taylors' Company," i, 262, etc.

M630 The mayor's effort to save the destruction of the steeple of the Austin Friars Church.

1206 Strype's Stow, bk. ii, pp. 114, 115.

1207 Remembrancia (Analytical Index), pp. 133, 134.

M631 The priory of St. Helen without Bishopsgate.

1208 In 1439 Reginald Kentwode, Dean of St. Paul's, having in a recent visitation discovered "many defaults and excesses," drew up a schedule of injunctions for their better regulation.—Printed in London and Middlesex Archaeol. Soc. Transactions, ii, 200-203.

M632 Friendly relations between the Corporation and religious houses in the city.

1209 Journal 12, fo. 75.

1210 Repertory 2, fo. 185b.

1211 Repertory 5, fos. 15, 15b, 82b.

1212 Repertory 2, fo. 185; Grey Friars Chron., pp. 29, 31.

M633 Royal injunction for keeping Parish Registers, 29 Sept., 1538.

1213 Sixteen other registers for city parishes commence in 1538, and four in 1539.—See Paper on St. James Garlickhithe, by W. D. Cooper, F.S.A. (London and Middlesex Arch. Soc. Trans., vol. iii, p. 392, note).

M634 Great increase of London poor, consequent on the suppression of religious houses.

1214 Wriothesley's Chron. (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 11), i, 77, 78.

M635 Sir Richard Gresham's letter to the king for conveyance to the City of certain hospitals.

1215 Descended from a Norfolk family. Apprenticed to John Middleton, mercer, of London, and admitted to the freedom of the Mercers' Company in 1507. Alderman of Walbrook and Cheap Wards successively. Sheriff 1531-2. Married (1) Audrey, daughter of William Lynne, of Southwick, co. Northampton, (2) Isabella Taverson, nee Worpfall. Was the father of Sir Thomas Gresham, the founder of the Royal Exchange and of the college which bears his name.—Ob., 21 Feb., 1549. Buried in the church of St. Laurence Jewry.

1216 Cott. MS., Cleop. E., iv, fo. 222.—Printed in Burgon's "Life of Gresham," i, 26-29.

M636 Two petitions from the City, Mar., 1539. M637 The City offers to purchase certain dissolved houses, 1 Aug., 1540.

1217 Journal 14, fo. 129; Letter Book P, fo. 178.

1218 Journal 14, fo. 216b; Letter Book P, fo. 220b.

1219 Repertory 10, fo. 200.

M638 The City in difficulties with king and parliament, 1541-1542.

1220 Journal 14, fo. 269.

1221 Wriothesley, i, 129.

1222 Son of Thomas Hill, of Hodnet, co. Salop. He devoted large sums of money to building causeways and bridges, and erected a grammar school at Drayton-in-Hales, otherwise Market Drayton, in his native county, which he endowed by will, dated 6 April, 1551 (Cal. of Wills, Court of Hust., London, part ii, p. 651). See also Holinshed, iii, 1021.

1223 Holinshed, iii, 824; Wriothesley, i, 135. According to the Grey Friars Chron. (p. 45), it was the sergeant-at-arms himself whom the sheriffs detained.

M639 Precautions against the spread of pestilence, 1543.

1224 Proclamation dated 13 Aug., 1543.—Journal 15, fo. 48b.

1225 Journal 15, fo. 55; Letter Book Q, fo. 93.

1226 Letter Book Q, fo. 92b; Grey Friars Chron., p. 45.

M640 Preparation for renewal of war with France, 1544.

1227 Writ to mayor and sheriffs for proclamation of war, dat. 2 Aug., 1543.—Journal 15, fo. 46b.

1228 Repertory 11, fo. 32b.

1229 Repertory 11, fo. 65b.

1230 Journal 15, fo. 95; Repertory 11, fo. 74; Letter Book Q, fo. 109.

M641 The re-establishment of St. Bartholomew's hospital, 23 June, 1544.

1231 "Memoranda ... relating to the Royal Hospitals," 1863, pp. 4-7.

M642 The campaign in France of 1544.

1232 Repertory 11, fo. 106; Letter Book Q, fo. 116b.

1233 Repertory, 11, fo. 118b; Letter Book Q, fo. 120b.

1234 Journal 15, fo. 123; Letter Book Q, fo. 119.

1235 Journal 15, fo. 124; Letter Book Q, fo. 122.

M643 City gift to the king on his return from France.

1236 Letter Book Q, fo. 120b.

M644 Opposition to a benevolence in the city, 1545.

1237 Wriothesley, i, 151, 153; Grey Friars Chron., p. 48.

1238 Holinshed, iii, 346.

M645 William Laxton, mayor, knighted, 8 Feb., 1545.

1239 Wriothesley, i, 151, 152.

M646 A call for volunteers for the French war. April, 1545.

1240 Journal 15, fo. 239b; Letter Book Q, fo. 167b.

1241 Journal 15, fo. 240.; Letter Book Q, fo. 168; Wriothesley, i, 154.

1242 "A coarse frieze was so called from a small town in the West Riding of Yorkshire. An Act of 5 and 6 Edward VI (1551-2) provided that all "clothes commonly called Pennystones or Forest Whites ... shall conteyne in length beinge wett betwixt twelve and thirtene yardes."

1243 Repertory 11, fo. 193b; Letter Book Q, fo. 133; Wriothesley, i, 154.

M647 The last subsidy to be forthwith paid up.

1244 Wriothesley, i, 155.

M648 A force of 2,000 soldiers demanded of the City, June, 1545.

1245 Repertory 11, fos. 203, 212b.

1246 30 July.—Repertory 11, fo. 215b. The Midsummer watch had not been kept this year.—Wriothesley, i, 156.

1247 Repertory 11, fo. 213.

1248 Wriothesley, i, 58.

M649 Boulogne threatened.

1249 Repertory 11, fo. 216b.

M650 Act for confiscating chantries, &c., 1545.

1250 Stat. 37, Henry VIII, c. 4.

M651 Peace with France proclaimed, 13 June, 1546.

1251 Repertory 11, fo. 299b; Letter Book Q, fo. 181; Journal 15, fo. 270; Wriothesley, i, 165.

M652 Uniformity of religion enforced, 1546. M653 Recantation of the rector of St. Mary Aldermary.

1252 Holinshed, iii, 856; Grey Friars Chron., p. 50.

M654 Trial and execution of Anne Ascue.

1253 Holinshed, iii, 847.

1254 Letter Book Q, fo. 181.

M655 Improved water supply of the city, 1545-1546.

1255 Repertory 11, fo. 247.

1256 Journal 15, fo. 213b.

1257 Wriothesley, i, 162, 175.

M656 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, &c., vested in the City, 13 Jan., 1547.

1258 Journal 15, fos. 245, 399b, seq.

1259 "Memoranda ... Royal Hospitals," pp. 20-45.

M657 A committee appointed to investigate the recently acquired property, 6 May, 1547.

1260 Repertory 11, fo. 349b.

1261 In Sept., 1547, the citizens were called upon to contribute half a fifteenth for the maintenance of the poor of St. Bartholomew's.—Journal 15, fo. 325b. In Dec, 1548, an annual sum of 500 marks out of the profits of Blackwell, and in 1557 the whole of the same profits were set aside for the poor.—Journal 15, fos. 398, seq.; Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 512.

M658 The king's death, 28 Jan., 1547.

1262 Royal proclamation, 7 July, 1545, forbidding all pursuit of game in Westminster, Islington, Highgate, Hornsey and elsewhere in the suburbs of London.—Journal 15, fo. 240b.

M659 Edward VI proclaimed king in the city, 31 Jan., 1547.

1263 Son of Christopher Huberthorne, of Waddington, co. Lane, Alderman of Farringdon Within. His mansion adjoined the Leadenhall. Ob., Oct., 1556. Buried in the church of St. Peter, Cornhill.—Machyn. 115, 352. It was in Huberthorne's mayoralty that the customary banquet to the aldermen, the "officers lerned" and the commoners of the city, on Monday next after the Feast of Epiphany, known as "Plow Monday," was discontinued.—Letter Book Q, fo. 191b. It was afterwards renewed and continues to this day in the form of a dinner given by the new mayor to the officers of his household and clerks engaged in various departments of the service of the Corporation. An attempt was at the same time made to put down the lord mayor's banquet also.—Wriothesley, i, 176.

1264 Journal 15. fos. 303b, 305b; Letter Book Q, os. 192b, 194; Wriothesley. i, 178.

M660 Distribution of gowns of black livery.

1265 Journal 15, fo. 304; Letter Book Q, fo. 195; Repertory 11, fo. 335b.

M661 Accession and coronation of Edward VI, 1547.

1266 "The lord mayor of London, Henry Hobulthorne, was called fourth, who kneeling before the king, his majestie tooke the sworde of the Lord Protector and made him knight, which was the first that eaver he made."—Wriothesley's Chron. (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 11.), i, 181.

1267 This mace is still in possession of the Corporation. It is only brought out for use on such occasions as a coronation, when it is carried by the lord mayor as on the occasion narrated above, and at the annual election of the chief magistrate of the city, when it is formally handed by the Chamberlain to the lord mayor elect. The mace consists of a tapering shaft of rock crystal mounted in gold, with a coroneted head also of gold, adorned with pearls and large jewels. Its age is uncertain. Whilst some hazard the conjecture that it may be of Saxon origin, there are others who are of opinion that the head of it at least cannot be earlier than the 15th century.

1268 Journal 15, fo. 305; Letter Book Q, fos. 195b-196; Repertory 11, fo. 334b.

M662 Opposition in the city to the sacrament of the mass, 1547-1548.

1269 "All these chyldren shall every Chyldermasse day come to Paulis Church and here the chylde bisshoppis sermon, and after be at the hye masse, and eche of them offer a 1d. to the childe bisshop and with theme the maisters and surveyors of the scole."—Statutes of St. Paul's School, printed in Lupton's "Life of Dean Colet," p. 278b.

1270 Letter Book P, fo. 172b.

1271 Journal 14, fo. 158b; Letter Book P, fo. 197.

1272 See Brewer's Introd. to Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom., vol. iv, pp. dcli-dcliii.

1273 Letter Book P, fo. 153.

1274 Letter Book Q, fo. 102.

1275 "Also this same tyme [Nov., 1547] was moche spekying agayne the sacrament of the auter, that some callyd it Jacke of the boxe, with divers other shamefulle names... And at this tyme [Easter, 1548] was more prechyng agayne the masse."—Grey Friars Chron., p. 55.

1276 Letter Book Q, fo. 250b.

1277 Repertory 11, fo. 423.

1278 "After the redyng of the preposycioun made yesterday in the Sterre Chamber by the lorde chaunceler and ye declaracioun made by my lorde mayer of suche comunicacioun as his lordshyp had wt the Bysshop of Caunterburye concernyng the demeanor of certein prechers and other dysobedyent persones yt was ordered and agreyd that my lorde mayer and all my maisters thaldermen shall this afternone att ij of ye clok repayre to my lorde protectors grace and the hole counseill and declare unto theim the seid mysdemeanor and that thei shall mete att Saint Martyns in the Vyntrey att one of the clok."—Repertory 11, fo. 456b.

1279 Repertory 11, fo. 465.

M663 Act for abolition of chantries, 1547.

1280 A proclamation against the evil behaviour of citizens and others against priests, 12 Nov., 1547.—Letter Book Q. fo. 218; Journal 15, fo. 335b.

M664 Redemption of charges for superstitious uses by the city and companies, 1550.

1281 By letters patent dated 14 July, 1550 (preserved at the Guildhall, Box 17).

1282 Letter Book R, fo. 166b; Wriothesley's Chron. (Camden Soc., N.S., No. 20), ii, 35. See also exemplification of Act of Parl. passed a deg. 5 Edward VI, in accordance with the terms of this petition (Box 29).

M665 Order for demolition of images, pictures, &c., Aug., 1547.

1283 Journal 15, fo. 322; Letter Book Q, fo. 210b.

1284 Repertory 11. fo. 373; Letter Book Q, fo. 214.

1285 Grey Friars Chron., 54, 55; Wriothesley. ii, 1.

1286 Grey Friars Chron., p. 58. In May (1548) the duke applied to the City for water to be laid on to Stronde House, afterwards known as Somerset House.—Repertory 11, fos. 462b, 484; Journal 15. fo. 383b; Letter Book Q, fo. 253b.

1287 Grey Friars Chron., p. 55.

1288 Wriothesley, ii, 29. Touching the ceremony of visiting the tomb of the Bishop of London, to whom the citizens were indebted for the charter of William the Conqueror, see chap. i, p. 35.

M666 The citizens and the Grey Friars Church, 1547.

1289 Letter Book Q, fos. 232, 234b; Repertory 11, fos. 356, 415, 431, 444b, 511b.

1290 "Item, at this same tyme [circ. Sept., 1547] was pullyd up alle the tomes, grett stones, alle the auteres, with stalles and walles of the qweer and auters in the church that was some tyme the Gray freeres, and solde and the qweer made smaller."—Grey Friars Chron., p. 54.

M667 The "communion" substituted for the mass, 1548.

1291 "At Ester followyng there began the commonion, and confession but of thoys that wolde, as the boke dothe specifythe."—Grey Friars Chron., p. 55; Cf. Wriothesley (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 20), ii, 2.

1292 The Guildhall college, chapel and library were restored to the City in 1550, by Edward VI, on payment of L456 13s. 4d.,—Pat. Roll 4 Edward VI, p. 9m. (32) 20; Letter Book R, fo. 64b.

1293 Repertory 11, fo. 493b.

1294 -Id., fo. 455. (431 pencil mark); Letter Book Q, fo. 237. "This yeare in the Whitson holidaies my lord maior [Sir John Gresham] caused three notable sermons to be made at Sainct Marie Spittell, according as they are kept at Easter.... And the sensing in Poules cleene put downe."—Wriothesley, ii, 2, 3. The processions were kept up in 1554, "but there was no sensynge."—Grey Friars Chron., p. 89.

M668 The "tuning of the pulpits."

1295 -Cf. Journal 15, fo. 352b; Letter Book Q, fos. 230-252b. "This yeare [1548] the xxviiith daie of September, proclamation was made to inhibite all preachers generallie till the kinges further pleasure. After which daie all sermons seasede at Poules Crosse and in all other places."—Wriothesley, ii, 6.

1296 Grey Friars Chron., pp. 59, 62. Occasionally the chronicler is overcome by his feelings, and cries out, "Almyghty God helpe it whan hys wylle ys!" Id., p. 67.

M669 The insurrections of 1549.

1297 In some cases the new owners may have experienced some difficulty in fixing a fair rent, as appears to have been the case with the City of London and its recently acquired property of Bethlehem. When the Chamberlain reported that the rents demanded for houses in the precincts of the hospital were far too high, he was at once authorised to reduce them at discretion.—Letter Book R, fo. 10b.

1298 Letter Book R, fo. 11b.

1299 Grey Friars Chron., p. 60; Wriothesley, ii, 15, 16.

M670 Cranmer at St. Paul's, 21 July, 1549.

1300 Wriothesley, ii, 16, 17; Grey Friars Chron., p. 60.

M671 The king passes through the city, 23 July.

1301 Wriothesley, ii, 19.

M672 Ket's rebellion in Norfolk. 1549.

1302 Wriothesley, ii, 20; Grey Friars Chron., p. 61.

1303 Holinshed, iii, 982-984.

M673 The fall of Somerset, 1549. M674 Letter from lords of the council to the City accusing the Protector, 6 Oct.

1304 Letter Book R, fo. 40; Journal 16, fo. 36.

M675 Letter from Somerset to the mayor, 6 Oct., 1549.

1305 Letter Book R, fo. 39b.

M676 Conference between the lords and the City at Ely Place, 6 Oct., 1549.

1306 Acts of the Privy Council, ii, 331-332; Wriothesley, ii, 24-25; Holinshed, iii, 1014; Repertory 12, pt. i, fos. 149-150.

M677 Removal of the king to Windsor.

1307 Holinshed, iii, 1014-1015; Acts of Privy Council, ii, 333.

M678 The City joins the lords against Somerset, 7 Oct., 1549.

1308 Acts of Privy Council, ii, fos. 333-336.

1309 Repertory 12, pt. i, fo. 150b.

1310 Letter Book R, fo. 40b.

M679 The lords attend a Common Council, 8 Oct., 1549.

1311 -Id., fos. 43-43b.

1312 Acts of Privy Council, ii, 336, 337.

M680 A meeting at Sheriff York's house, 9 Oct. M681 The City agrees to furnish a contingent of soldiers to aid the lords.

1313 Wriothesley, ii, 26.

1314 Acts of Privy Council, ii, 337-342.

1315 Letter Book R, fos. 41-42; Journal 16, fos. 37, 37b. According to Holinshed (iii, 1017, 1018), considerable opposition was made by a member of the Common Council named George Stadlow to any force at all being sent by the city. He reminded the court of the evils that had arisen in former times from the city rendering support to the barons against Henry III, and how the city lost its liberties in consequence. The course he recommended was that the city should join the lords in making a humble representation to the king as to the Protector's conduct.

1316 Wriothesley, ii, 26, 27.

M682 The effect of the City's adhesion to the lords. M683 Somerset brought to the Tower, 14 Oct.

1317 Letter Book R, fo. 37; Journal 16, fo. 34; Wriothesley, ii, 26.

1318 Stow's "Summarie of the Chronicles of England" (ed. 1590), p. 545; Wriothesley, ii, 27, 28. The names are given differently in the Acts of the Privy Council, ii, 344.

M684 Bonner deprived of bishopric of London, 1 Oct., 1549.

1319 Grey Friars Chron., pp. 63, 64; Cf. Wriothesley, ii, 24.

M685 The king entertained by Sheriff York, Oct., 1549.

1320 Wriothesley, ii, 28.

M686 Somerset released on parole, 6 Feb., 1550.

1321 Acts of Privy Council, ii, 384; Wriothesley, ii, 33.

M687 Warwick and the reformers, 1550.

1322 For more than a week he had been compelled to lie on nothing but straw, his bed having been taken away by order of the knight marshal for refusing to pay an extortionate fee.—Grey Friars Chron., p. 65.

1323 Thomas Thurlby, the last abbot of Westminster, became the first and only bishop of the see. Upon the union of the see with that of London Thurlby became bishop of Norwich. Among the archives of the city there is a release by him, in his capacity as bishop of Westminster, and the dean and chapter of the same, to the City of London of the parish church of St. Nicholas, Shambles. The document is dated 14 March, 1549, and has the seals of the bishopric and of the dean and chapter, in excellent preservation, appended.

1324 For objecting to the prescribed vestments, he was committed to the Fleet by order of the Privy Council, 27 Jan., 1551, and was not consecrated until the following 8th March.—Hooper to Bullinger, 1 Aug., 1551 ("Original Letters relative to the English Reformation." ed. for Parker Society, 1846, p. 91).

M688 The City and the borough of Southwark, 1550.

1325 Their respective boundaries are set out in the Report of Commissioners on Municipal Corporations (1837), p. 3.

1326 Charter dated 6 March, 1 Edward III.

1327 Charter dated 9 Nov., 2 Edward IV.

1328 Letter Book Q, fos. 239b-241b.

M689 Charter to the City, 23 April, 1550.

1329 Letter Book R, fo. 58b.

1330 Dated 23 April, 1550. A fee of L6 "and odde money" was paid for the enrolment of this charter in the Exchequer.—Repertory 12, pt. ii, fo. 458. This fee appears to have been paid, notwithstanding the express terms of the charter that no fee great or small should be paid or made or by any means given to the hanaper to the king's use. According to Wriothesley (ii, 36), the "purchase" of Southwark cost the city 1,000 marks, "so that nowe they shall have all the whole towne of Southwarke by letters patent as free as they have the City of London, the Kinges Place [i.e. Southwark Place or Suffolk House] and the two prison houses of the Kinges Bench and the Marshalsea excepted."

1331 Wriothesley, ii, 38.

M690 The ward of Bridge Without.

1332 Letter Book R, fo. 80; Journal 16, fo. 82b.

1333 The custom in the city was for the inhabitants of a vacant ward to nominate four persons for the Court of Aldermen to select one. As there were no means of enforcing the above ordinance it was repealed by Act of Co. Co., 16 June, 1558.—Letter Book S., fo. 167b.

1334 Letter Book R, fo. 71b. The following particulars of Aylyff and his family are drawn from the city's archives. From Bridge Ward Without he removed to Dowgate Ward. At the time of his death, in 1556, he was keeper of the clothmarket at Blackwell Hall. His widow was allowed to take the issues and profits of her late husband's place for one week, and was forgiven a quarter's rent. Aylyff's son Erkenwald succeeded him at Blackwell Hall. The son died in 1561. After his decease he was convicted of having forged a deed. His widow, Dorothy, married Henry Butler, "gentleman."—Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 442b, 443, 461; Repertory 14, fos. 446b, 477b, 478; Repertory 16, fo. 6b.

1335 Printed Report. Co. Co., 20 May, 1836.

1336 See Report Committee of the whole Court for General Purposes, with Appendix, 31 May, 1892 (Printed).

M691 Growing unpopularity of Warwick, 1550-1551.

1337 Grey Friars Chron., p. 66. The surrender of Boulogne was "sore lamented of all Englishmen."—Wriothesley, ii, 37.

1338 Repertory 12, pt. ii, fo. 271b; Letter Book R, fos. 74, 85b; Journal 16, fos. 66b, 91b.

M692 The debasement of the currency, 1551.

1339 Letter Book R, fo. 115; Journal 16, fo. 118.

1340 Wriothesley, ii, 48. The price of living became so dear that the town clerk and the under-sheriffs asked for and obtained from the Common Council an increase of emoluments.—Letter Book R, fo. 117b.

1341 Wriothesley, ii, 54.

1342 Grey Friars Chron., p. 72.

M693 The Duke of Somerset again arrested, 16 Oct., 1551.

1343 Wriothesley, ii, 56; Grey Friars Chron., p. 71.

1344 Grey Friars Chron., pp. 72, 73.

1345 -Id., pp. 71, 72.

M694 Trial and execution of Somerset, 22 Jan., 1552.

1346 Wriothesley, ii, 57.

1347 Repertory 12, pt. ii, fo. 426; Letter Book R, fo. 157b.

1348 Wriothesley, ii, 63.

1349 Holinshed, iii, 1032.

M695 The City and the Royal Hospitals, 1547-1553.

1350 Journal 15, fo. 325b; Letter Book Q, fo. 214b.

1351 Letter Book Q, fo. 237; Repertory 11, fo. 445b.

1352 Journal 15, fo. 384.

1353 Letter Book Q, fo. 261b; Journal 15, fos. 398, 401; Appendix vii to "Memoranda of the Royal Hospitals," pp. 46-51.

M696 St. Thomas's Hospital.

1354 Repertory 12, pt. ii., fos. 311, 312b.

1355 Both deeds are printed in Supplement to Memoranda relating to Royal Hospitals, pp. 15-32.

M697 Christ's Hospital.

1356 Son of Robert Dobbs, of Batley, Yorks. Alderman of Tower Ward. Knighted 8 May, 1552. Ob. 1556. Buried in Church of St. Margaret Moses.—Machyn, pp. 105, 269, 349; Wriothesley, ii, 69.

1357 Report, Charity Commissioners, No. 32, pt. vi, p. 75; Strype, Stow's "Survey," bk. i, p. 176.

M698 Bridewell Hospital.

1358 Among the names of those forming the deputation appears that of Richard Grafton, whose printing house, from which issued "The Prymer"—one of the earliest books of private devotion printed in English as well as Latin—was situate within the precinct of the Old Grey Friars.—Repertory 12, p. ii., fos. 271b, 272b.

1359 Strype, Stow's "Survey," bk. i, p. 176.

1360 Wriothesley, 83; Repertory 13, fo. 60.

1361 Charter dated 26 June, 1553.

M699 Northumberland's conspiracy, 1553.

1362 "Letters Patent for the limitation of the Crown," sometimes called the "counterfeit will" of King Edward VI.—Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary (Camd. Soc., No. 48), pp. 91-100.

1363 Richard Hilles to Henry Bullinger, 9 July, 1553.—"Original letters relative to the English Reformation" (Parker Soc.), pp. 272-274.

M700 Lady Jane Grey proclaimed queen, 10 July, 1553.

1364 Grey Friars Chron., pp. 78, 79.

M701 Queen Mary proclaimed, 19 July.

1365 Wriothesley, ii, 88-90.

M702 Northumberland sent to the Tower, 25 July.

1366 Letter Book R, fo. 262b; Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 68.

1367 Wriothesley, ii, 90, 91; Grey Friars Chron., p. 81.

M703 Queen Mary enters the city. 3 Aug.

1368 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 69.

1369 -Id., fo. 70b.

1370 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 69b.

1371 Wriothesley, 93-95.

1372 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 14; Wriothesley, ii, 95.

M704 Mary releases the bishops and restores the mass. M705 Disturbances in the city.

1373 Grey Friars Chron., p. 83; Wriothesley, ii, 96-98.

1374 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 24.

1375 Letter Book R, fo. 270; Journal 16, fo. 261b.

1376 Wriothesley, ii, 99, 100; Holinshed, iv, 3.

M706 Election of Thomas White mayor, 29 Sept., 1553.

1377 Citizen and Merchant Taylor. Son of William White, of Reading, and formerly of Rickmansworth. Founder of St. John's College, Oxford, and principal benefactor of Merchant Taylors' School. Alderman of Cornhill Ward; when first elected alderman he declined to accept office and was committed to Newgate for contumacy (Letter Book Q, fo. 109b; Repertory 11, fo. 80b). Sheriff 1547. Knighted at Whitehall 10 Dec., 1553 (Wriothesley, ii, 105). His first wife, Avice (surname unknown), died 26 Feb., 1588, and was buried in the church of St. Mary Aldermary. He afterwards married Joan, daughter of John Lake and widow of Sir Ralph Warren, twice Mayor of London. Ob. 11 Feb., 1566, at Oxford, aged 72.—Clode, "Early Hist. Guild of Merchant Taylors," pt. ii, chaps. x-xii; Machyn's Diary, pp. 167, 330, 363.

M707 The queen's coronation, 1 Oct.

1378 Journal 16, fo. 261; Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 74b.

1379 Grey Friars Chron., p. 84.

M708 Mary's first parliament, Oct.-Nov., 1553.

1380 Met in October, 1553. The names of the city's representatives are not recorded. The Court of Aldermen, according to a custom then prevalent, authorized the city chamberlain to make a gift of L6 13s. 4d. to Sir John Pollard, the Speaker, "for his lawfull favor to be borne and shewed in the parlyment howse towardes this cytie and theyre affayres theire."—Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 92.

M709 Trial at the Guildhall of Lady Jane Grey, Cranmer and others, Nov., 1553.

1381 Grey Friars Chron., p. 85; Wriothesley, ii, 104; Chron. Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 32. There is preserved in the British Museum a small manual of prayers believed to have been used by Lady Jane Grey on the scaffold. The tiny volume (Harl. MS., 2342) measures only 3-1/2 inches by 2-3/4 inches, and contains on the margin lines addressed to Sir John Gage, lieutenant of the Tower, and to her father, the Duke of Suffolk.

M710 Outbreak of Wyatt's Rebellion. Jan., 1554.

1382 Journal 16, fo. 283.

1383 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, 35.

1384 Wriothesley, ii, 106.

M711 The city put into a state of defence.

1385 Repertory 13, pt. i, fos. 116, 116b, 117, 117b, 119-122b.

1386 Wriothesley, ii, 107.

M712 The queen's speech at the Guildhall, 1 Feb., 1554.

1387 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 121.

1388 Foxe's "Acts and Monuments," vi, 414-415; Holinshed, iv, 16.

1389 Holinshed, iv, 15.

1390 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 124.

M713 A force of 1,000 men raised in the city.

1391 Wriothesley, iii, 109.

1392 Stow.

M714 Wyatt and his followers before Ludgate. M715 Wyatt made prisoner and lodged in the Tower.

1393 Foxe's "Acts and Monuments," vi, 415.

1394 Grey Friars Chron., p. 87.

1395 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 43; Wriothesley, iii, 107, 108.

1396 Grey Friars Chron., p. 87.

M716 Execution of Lady Jane Grey, Wyatt and others.

1397 Machyn, 45. The gibbets remained standing till the following June, when they were taken down in anticipation of Philip's public entry into London.—Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, 76.

1398 Grey Friars Chron., p. 89.

M717 Measures for preserving the peace.

1399 Journal 16, fo. 283; Letter Book R, fo. 288.

1400 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 131.

M718 The lord mayor before the Star Chamber.

1401 Holinshed, iv, 26.

1402 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 153; Letter Book R, fo. 293.

M719 Demand of money from the city, 1554.

1403 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 130; Journal 16, fo. 284b.

1404 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 138b.

1405 -Id., fos. 142b, 146b.

1406 -Id., fo. 147.

M720 Trial at the Guildhall of Nicholas Throckmorton, 17 April.

1407 Wriothesley, ii, 115.

1408 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 186b.

1409 -Id., fo. 190b.

1410 Howell's "State Trials," i, 901, 902; Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 75.

M721 The queen's marriage, July, 1554.

1411 It sat from 2 April until 5 May.—Wriothesley, ii, 114, 115. The city returned the same members that had served in the last parliament of Edward VI, namely, Martin Bowes, Broke the Recorder, John Marsh and John Blundell.

1412 Journal 16, fo. 295b.

1413 Repertory 13, pt. i, fos. 165, 166, 166b, 170.

M722 The passage of the king and queen through the city, 19 Aug.

1414 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 77.

1415 -Id., p. 78.

1416 Journal 16, fo. 263.

1417 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 191. A full account of the pageants, etc., will be found in John Elder's letter.—Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, Appendix X.

1418 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, pp. 78-79.

M723 The reconciliation with Rome, 1554.

1419 Martin Bowes, of the old members, alone continued to sit for the city, the places of the other members being taken by Ralph Cholmeley, who had succeeded Broke as Recorder; Richard Grafton, the printer; and Richard Burnell.

1420 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, 82; Wriothesley, 122.

1421 Repertory 13, part i, fo. 111b.

1422 -Id., fo. 193.

1423 Journal 16, fo. 300. Bishop Braybroke, nearly two centuries before, had done all he could to put down marketing within the sacred precincts, and to render "Paul's Walk"—as the great nave of the cathedral was called—less a scene of barter and frivolity.

1424 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 251b.

1425 In 1558, a man convicted of breaking this law was ordered to ride through the public market places of the city, his face towards the horse's tail, with a piece of beef hanging before and behind him, and a paper on his head setting forth his offence.—Repertory 13, fo. 12b.

1426 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 193; Letter Book S, fo. 119b.

M724 Opposition to the reestablishment of the old religion.

1427 Journal 16, fo. 285b; Letter Book R, fo. 290b; Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 147; Wriothesley, ii, 114.

1428 Grey Friars Chron., p. 89.

1429 -Id., p. 95.

1430 -Id., ibid.

1431 -Id., p. 78n.

M725 The Marian persecution, 1555.

1432 Journal 16, fo. 321b.

1433 Wriothesley, ii, 126; Grey Friars Chron., p. 94.

1434 Wriothesley, ii, 126n; Grey Friars Chron., pp. 56, 57, 95.

1435 Foxe's "Acts and Monuments," vi, 717, 737, 740, vii, 114, 115.

1436 "Item the vth day of September [1556], was browte thorrow Cheppesyde teyd in ropes xxiijti tayd together as herreytkes, and soo unto the Lowlers tower."—Grey Friars Chron., p. 98.

M726 Renewed opposition to strangers in the city.

1437 "At this time [Aug., 1554] there was so many Spanyerdes in London that a man shoulde have mett in the stretes for one Inglisheman above iiij Spanyerdes, to the great discomfort of the Inglishe nation. The halles taken up for Spanyerdes."—Chron. Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 81.

1438 -Id., ibid.

1439 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 205b.

1440 By an order in council, dated Greenwich, 13 March, 1555, the merchants of the Steelyard were thenceforth to be allowed to buy cloth in warehouses adjoining the Steelyard, without hindrance from the mayor. The mayor was ordered to give up cloth that had been seized as foreign bought and sold at Blackwell Hall. He was, moreover, not to demand quotam salis of the merchants, who were to be allowed to import into the city fish, corn and other provisions free of import.—Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 384b; Letter Book S, fo. 76.

1441 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 399b, 404, 406; Letter Book S, fos. 70, 93b.

1442 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 508b.

1443 Wheeler's "Treatise of Commerce" (ed. 1601), p. 100.

1444 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 507b, 520b, 540.

1445 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 529.

1446 -Id., fo. 526b.

1447 -Id., fo. 534b.

M727 Philip leaves England, 4 Sept., 1555. M728 The queen obtains a City loan of L6,000, Aug., 1556. M729 War declared against France, 7 June, 1557.

1448 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 420.

1449 Stafford had issued a proclamation from Scarborough Castle declaiming against Philip for introducing 12,000 foreigners into the country, and announcing himself as protector and governor of the realm. He was captured by the Earl of Westmoreland and executed on Tower Hill 28 May.—Journal 17, fo. 34b; Letter Book S, fo. 127b; Holinshed. iv, 87; Machyn's Diary, p. 137.

1450 Journal 17, fo. 37b; Letter Book S, fo. 131.

1451 Journal 17, fos. 37b, 38; Letter Book S, fo. 131b.

1452 Machyn, p. 142.

M730 A City contingent joins the expedition to France.

1453 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 517.

1454 "London fond v.c. men all in bluw cassokes, sum by shyppes and sum to Dover by land, the goodlyst men that ever whent, and best be-sene in change (of) apprelle."—Diary, p. 143.

1455 Merchant Taylor, son of William Offley, of Chester; alderman of Portsoken and Aldgate Wards. Was one of the signatories to the document nominating Lady Jane Grey successor to Edward VI, and was within a few weeks (1 Aug.) elected sheriff. Knighted with alderman William Chester, 7 Feb., 1557. His mansion-house was in Lime Street, near the Church of St. Andrew Undershaft. Ob. 29 Aug, 1582.—Machyn, pp. 125, 353; Index to Remembrancia, p. 37, note. Fuller, who erroneously places his death in 1580, describes him as the "Zaccheus of London" not "on account of his low stature, but his great charity in bestowing half of his estate on the poor."—Fuller's "Worthies," p. 191.

1456 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 521b, 522; Letter Book S, fo. 134.

M731 The City called upon to furnish another contingent of 1,000 men, 31 July.

1457 Journal 17, fo. 54b.

M732 The citizens make demur, but in vain.

1458 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 530.

1459 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 530, 532, 522b, 535; Journal 17, fo. 54.

M733 The French king defeated at St. Quentin, 27 Aug., 1557.

1460 Machyn, p. 147.

M734 The loss of Calais, 7 Jan., 1558. M735 A city force despatched, 24 Jan., 1558.

1461 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 571.

1462 Journal 17, fo. 55. See Appendix. They were ordered in the first instance to be forwarded to Dover by the 19th Jan. at the latest, but on the 6th Jan. the Privy Council sent a letter to the mayor to the effect that "albeit he was willed to send the vc men levied in London to Dover, forasmuch as it is sithence considered here that they may with best speede be brought to the place of service by seas, he is willen to sende them with all speede by hoyes to Queenburgh, where order is given for the receavinge and placing of them in the shippes, to be transported with all speede possible."—Harl. MS. 643, fo. 198; Notes to Machyn's Diary, p. 362.

1463 Journal 17, fo. 56.

1464 Wriothesley, ii, 140.

1465 Order of the Court of Aldermen, 10 Jan.—Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 582.

1466 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 582b; Precept to the Companies.—Journal 17, fo. 56b.

1467 Journal 17, fo. 57. So furious was this storm, lasting four or five days, that "some said that the same came to passe through necromancie, and that the diuell was raised vp and become French, the truth whereof is known (saith Master Grafton) to God."—Holinshed, iv, 93.

1468 Journal 17, fo. 7.

1469 Repertory 14, fo. 1b; Journal 17, fo. 58; Machyn, 164.

1470 Journal 17, fos. 59, 59b; Letter Book S, fos. 154b, 155.

M736 A city loan of L20,000, March, 1558.

1471 Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 100; Wriothesley, ii, 140, 141.

1472 Stat. 5 and 6, Edward VI, c. 20, which repealed Stat. 37, Henry VIII, c. 9 (allowing interest to be taken on loans at the rate of ten per cent.) and forbade all usury. This Statute was afterwards repealed (Stat. 13, Eliz., c. 8) and the Statute of Henry VIII re-enacted. The dispensation granted by Mary was confirmed in 1560 by Elizabeth.—Repertory 14, fo. 404b.

1473 Repertory 14, fo. 15b; Journal 17, fo. 63. A large portion of this loan was repaid by Elizabeth soon after her accession.—Repertory 14, fos. 236b, 289.

M737 Death of Mary, 17 Nov., 1558.

1474 Repertory 14, fos. 94b, 96b.

M738 The ascension of Elizabeth, 17 Nov., 1558.

1475 The commemoration was eventually put down by the Stuarts as giving rise to tumults and disorders.—Journal 49, fo. 270b; Luttrell's Diary, 17 Nov., 1682.

1476 Son of Roger Leigh, of Wellington, co. Salop, an apprentice of Sir Rowland Hill, whose niece, Alice Barker, he married. Buried in the Mercers' Chapel. By his second son, William, he was ancestor of the Lords Leigh, of Stoneleigh, and by his third son William, grandfather of Francis Leigh, Earl of Chichester.—Notes to Machyn's Diary, p. 407.

1477 "The order of the sheryfes at the receyvyng of the quenes highenes in to Myddlesex."—Letter Book S, fo. 183; Repertory 14, fo. 90b.

M739 The queen's coronation, 15 Jan., 1559.

1478 Letter Book S, fo. 182b; Journal 7, fo. 101b.

1479 Repertory 14, fos. 97, 98.

1480 -Id., fo. 99.

1481 -Id., fo. 102b.

M740 A strike among the painters.

1482 Repertory 14, fo. 103b.

M741 Elizabeth's policy of moderation, 1558.

1483 Dated 27 Dec., 1558.—Journal 17, fo. 106b.

M742 The Act of Uniformity and Supremacy, 1558. M743 The restoration of the Prayer Book and abolition of the Mass, 1559.

1484 Wriothesley, ii, 145.

1485 -Id. ibid.

1486 Repertory 4, fo. 213b.

M744 Ultra-Protestant reformers in the city, 1559.

1487 Journal 17, fos. 120b, 168; Repertory 14, fo. 152; Letter Book T, fo. 82b.

1488 "In some places the coapes, vestments, and aulter clothes, bookes, banners, sepulchers and other ornaments of the churches were burned, which cost above L2,000 renuinge agayne in Queen Maries time" (Wriothesley, ii, 146; Cf. Machyn, p. 298). Among the churchwarden accounts of the parish of St. Mary-at-Hill for the year 1558-1559 there is a payment of one shilling for "bringing down ymages to Romeland (near Billingsgate) to be burnt."

1489 Proclamation, dated 19 Sept., 1559.—Journal 17, fo. 267; Letter Book T, fo. 5b.

M745 The claims of Mary Stuart, 1559-1560.

1490 Journal 17, fo. 184b.

1491 Proclamation, dated 24 March, 1560.—Journal 17, fo. 223b.

1492 In April the city was called upon to furnish 900 soldiers, in May 250 seamen, and in June 200 soldiers.—Repertory 14, fos. 323, 336, 339b, 340, 340b, 344b; Journal 17, fos. 238b, 244. It is noteworthy that the number of able men in the city at this time serviceable for war, although untrained, was estimated to amount to no more than 5,000.—Journal 17, fo. 244b.

M746 The French war, 1562-1564.

1493 Journal 18, fos. 57-60b. The livery companies furnished the men according to allotment. The barber-surgeons claimed exemption by statute (32 Henry VIII, c. 42), but subsequently consented to waive their claim. The city also objected to supplying the soldiers with cloaks.—Repertory 15, fos. 110b, 113.

1494 Journal 18, fo. 66; Machyn, pp. 292, 293.

1495 Journal 18, fo. 71.

M747 Soldiers for the defence of Havre. 1563.

1496 The queen to the mayor and corporation of London, 30 June, 1563.—Journal 18, fo. 124.

1497 Repertory 15, fo. 258.

1498 -Id., fo. 259.

1499 -Id., fo. 263.

1500 The queen to the mayor, 2 Aug., 1563.—Journal 18, fo. 140. Precept of the mayor.—Id., fo. 136; Repertory 15, fo. 279b; Machyn's Diary, p. 312.

1501 Journal 18, fo. 128.

1502 -Id., fo. 119b.

1503 Repertory 15, fo. 265b.

M748 The loss of Havre, July, 1563.

1504 Machyn, 312.

1505 Journal 18, fos. 139, 139b, 142, 151b, 152b, 154, 156b, 184, 189b. With the sickness was associated, as was so often the case, a scarcity of food.—Repertory 15, fos. 127, 133b, 138, 168, 178, 179b, etc. The rate of mortality increased to such an extent that a committee was appointed for the purpose of procuring more burial accommodation.—Repertory 15, fos. 311b, 313b, 333.

1506 Proclamation dated 1 Aug., 1563.—Journal 18, fo. 141.

M749 Peace between England and France signed, 13 April, 1564.

1507 Repertory 15, fo. 284b.

1508 Journal 18, fo. 249.

1509 -Id., fo. 190b.

1510 Journal 18, fos. 214, 215, 227, 291b, 354b; Holinshed, iv, 224.

M750 The restoration of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1561-1565.

1511 Journal 17, fos. 320, 321, 331b; Letter Book T, fos. 42, 42b; Repertory 14, fo. 491b. The fire caused by the lightning threatened the neighbouring shops, and their contents were therefore removed to Christchurch, Newgate and elsewhere for safety.—Journal 17, fo. 319b; Letter Book T, fo. 42.

1512 Repertory 15, fos. 474, 478.

1513 Repertory 16, fos. 227, 241b, 274; Letter Book V, fo. 108b.

1514 Repertory 16, fos. 303b, 448. Among the Chamber Accounts of this period we find an item of a sum exceeding L4 paid for "Cusshens to be occupied at Powles by my L. Maior and thaldermen, vz:—for cloth for the uttorside lyning of leather feathers and for making of theym as by a bill appearth."—Chamber Accounts, Town Clerk's Office, vol. i, fo. 50b.

M751 Sir Thomas Gresham and the City Burse. 1565-1566.

1515 Journal 13, fos. 417, 420, 435, 442b, 443.

1516 Cotton MS., Otho E, x. fo. 45; Cf. Burgon's "Life of Gresham," i, 31-33.

1517 Journal 14, fos. 124, 124b.

1518 By Sir Richard's first wife Audrey, daughter of William Lynne, of Southwick, co. Northampton. Sir Thomas is supposed to have been born in London in 1519. Having been bound apprentice to his uncle, Sir John Gresham, he was admitted to the freedom of the Mercers' Company in 1543. Married Anne, daughter of William Ferneley, of West Creting, co. Suffolk, widow of William Read, mercer.

1519 The queen's business kept him so much abroad that her majesty wrote to the Common Council (7 March, 1563) desiring that he might be discharged from all municipal duties.—Journal 18, fo. 137.

1520 Printed in Burgon's "Life of Gresham," i, 409.

1521 Repertory 15, fo. 237b.

1522 Burgon, ii, 30-40.

1523 Repertory 15, fos. 406b, 407.

M752 Difficulties of obtaining a site.

1524 Repertory 15, fos. 410b, 412.

1525 -Id., fos. 417b, 431.

1526 Repertory 16, fos. 31b, 32b, 43b; Letter Book V, fos. 5, 7b, 8, 17, 21b.

1527 The amount of subscriptions and charges is set out in a "booke" and entered on the City's Journal (No. 19, fos. 12-20; Cf. Letter Book V, fos. 70b-79); see also Repertory 16, fo. 126.

1528 Journal 18. fo. 398.

M753 Strong foreign element in connection with the building of the first Burse.

1529 Repertory 16, fo. 316.

1530 Repertory 16, fo. 406b.

1531 Repertory 15, fo. 268b.

1532 Repertory 16, fo. 229.

M754 The Burse opened by Q. Elizabeth, 23 Jan., 1571. M755 Wanton damage done to the new Burse.

1533 "A proclamacioun concernyng the cutting of the crest conyzans and mantell of the arms of Sr Thomas Gresham."—Journal 19, fo. 150b; Letter Book V, fo. 222.

1534 Journal 20, pt. ii, fo. 341.

M756 Insurance business carried on at the Royal Exchange.

1535 Repertory 18, fo. 362.

1536 "Law and Practice of Marine Insurance," by John Duer, LL.D. (New York, 1845), Lecture ii, p. 33.

1537 At the present day the form of policy used at Lloyds and commonly called the "Lloyd's policy" contains the following clause:—"and it is agreed by us the insurers, that this writing or policy of assurance shall be of as much force and effect as the surest writing or policy of assurance heretofore made in Lombard Street or in the Royal Exchange or elsewhere in London."—Arnould, "Marine Insurance" (6th ed.), i, 230.