160 "The correct date of the accession of Richard has never been ascertained. No records appear to be extant to fix the commencement of the reign of any king before the accession of John."—Nicholas, Chronology of Hist., p. 285.

161 Fos. 45, 63 and 63b.

M110 Arnald Fitz-Thedmar, the compiler of the Liber de Antiquis.

162 Or simply Thedmar.

163 It is thus that Riley reads the word which to me appears to be capable of being read "Grennigge."

164 Calendar of Wills. Court of Husting, London, part. I., p. 22. From another Will, that of Margery, relict of Walter de Wynton, and one of Fitz-Thedmar's sisters—she is described as daughter of "Thedmar, the Teutonic"—it appears that other sisters of Fitz-Thedmar married into the well-known city families of Eswy and Gisors.—Id., part i, p. 31.

165 "Ibi etiam dispositium est, penes quem pecunia collata debeat residere: scilicet sub custodia Huberti Walteri Cantuariensis electi, et domini Ricardi Lundoniensis episcopi, et Willelmi comitis de Arundel et Hamelini comitis de Warenna et majoris Lundoniarum."—Roger de Hoveden (Rolls Series No. 51), iii, 212.

M111 The title of Mayor, first mentioned in a Royal Charter of 1202.

166 Preserved at the Guildhall.

M112 Richard's return from captivity, March, 1194.

167 Ralph de Diceto (Rolls Series No. 68), ii, p. 114.

168 "Denique ad ingressum principis ita ornata est facies amplissimae civitatis ut Alemanni nobiles qui cum ipso venerant et redemptione regia exinanitam bonis Angliam credebant opum magnitudine obstupescerent."—William of Newburgh (Rolls Series No. 82), i, p. 406.

M113 Is crowned for the second time. M114 The custom of the Mayor assisting the Chief Butler at coronation banquets.

169 "Cives vero Lundonienses servierunt de pincernaria, et cives Wintonienses de coquina."—Roger de Hoveden (Rolls Series No. 51), iii, 12.

170 Brit. Mus., Harl. MS. 3,504, fo. 248.

M115 Heavy taxation.

171 "Si invenissem emptorem Londoniam vendidissem."—Richard of Devizes (Rolls Series No. 82), iii, 388.

M116 The rising in the city under Longbeard. 1196.

172 "Frequentius enim solito . . imponebantur eis auxilia non modica et divites, propriis parcentes marsupiis volebant ut pauperes solverent universa."—Roger de Hoveden (Rolls Series No. 51), iv. 5. "Ad omne edictum regium divites, propriis fortunis parcentes, pauperibus per potentiam omne onus imponerent."—Newburgh, (Rolls Series No. 82), ii. 466.

173 Newburgh, ii., 466.

174 Mat. Paris, ii, 57. A similar character is given him by Roger de Hoveden. Dr. S. R. Gardiner describes him as an alderman of the city, and as advocating the cause of the poor artisan against the exactions of the wealthier traders.—Students' History of England, i, 169.

175 "Pauperum et veritatis ac pietatis adversarii."—Mat. Paris, ii. 57.

176 Newburgh, ii, 470.

177 "And for the time," adds Dr. Gardiner, "the rich tradesmen had their way against the poorer artisans."—Students' History of England, i, 170.

M117 Richard's so-called second charter ordering the removal of wears in the Thames, 14 July, 1197. M118 First mention of a deliberative municipal body in the city, 1200.

178 Chronicles of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 2.

M119 The council held at St. Paul's, 25th Aug., 1213.

179 Freeman, Norman Conquest, v, 709.

180 Mat. Paris, ii, 143. Roger of Wendover (Rolls Series No. 84), ii, 83-87.

181 -Id. ii, 146.

M120 Meeting of the barons at Bury St. Edmunds, 1214.

182 -Id. ii, 153.

183 Ann. of Bermondsey (Rolls Series No. 36), in, 453.

M121 Open hostility between John and the barons, 1215.

184 Mat. Paris, ii, 154-156.

M122 Robert Fitz-Walter, castellain of London.

185 As to the services and franchises of Fitz-Walter, both in time of peace and war, see Lib. Cust., (Rolls Series), part i, pp. 147-151.

186 Introd. to Lib. Cust, p. lxxvii.

M123 Duties of the castellain of the City in time of war.

187 The sword of St. Paul, emblematic possibly of his martyrdom, still remains in the City's coat of arms. It has often been mistaken for the dagger with which Sir William Walworth is said to have killed Wat Tyler.

M124 Feud between Fitz-Walter and King John.

188 The story is told in Mr. Riley's Introduction to the Liber Custamarum (p. lxxix), on the authority of the Chronicle of Dunmow.

189 He is said to have made a similar attempt upon the wife of Eustace de Vesci, a leading baron.—(Blackstone, Introd. to Magna Carta, pp. 289, 290).

M125 The Barons admitted into the City, May, 1215.

190 Mat. Paris, ii, 156. A different complexion, however, is put on this event by another chronicler. According to Walter de Coventry (Rolls Series, No. 58, ii, 220) the barons made their way into the City by stealth, scaling the walls at a time when most of the inhabitants were engaged in divine service, and having once gained a footing opened all the City gates one after another.

191 By charter, date 8th May, 1215, preserved at the Guildhall.

192 Mat. Paris, ii, 159, 161, 164, 186.

193 Roger of Wendover (Rolls Series No. 84), ii, 117.

M126 The city and Magna Carta, 15th June, 1215.

194 Stubbs, Select Charters, p. 298.

195 "Moram autem faciebant barones in civitate Londoniae per annum et amplius cum civibus confoederati, permittentes se nullam pacem facturos cum rege nisi assensu utriusque partis."—Annals of Waverley (Rolls Series No. 36), ii, 283.

M127 Open war between John and the barons.

196 Mat. Paris, ii, 161, 165.

M128 London under an interdict.

197 Contin. Flor. Wigorn. ii, 167, 171. Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 3.

M129 The arrival of the Dauphin, May, 1216. M130 Death of John, 19th October, 1216.

198 Mat. Paris, ii, p. 179.

199 Confession of the Vicomte de Melun.—Mat. Paris, ii, 187.

M131 The barons desert Louis.

200 Mat. Paris, ii, 200.

201 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 4.

M132 Defeat of Louis at Lincoln, 20th May, 1217. M133 Fitz-Walter and Muntfichet made prisoners.

202 Strype, Stow's Survey, 1720, Bk. i, p. 62. They had settled in Holborn soon after their arrival in 1220.

203 Mat. Paris, ii, 385.

M134 London invested by the Earl Marshal.

204 -Id., ii, 218, 220.

M135 Treaty of Lambeth, 11th Sept., 1217.

205 Liber de Ant. fol. 38. According to this authority (fol. 38b), the peace was ratified 23rd September, at Merton.

206 Mat. Paris, ii, 222.

207 Often spoken of as the Treaty of Lambeth (Rymer's Foedera, i, 148.)

M136 Departure of Louis after borrowing a sum of money from the citizens.

208 The sum mentioned by Matthew Paris (ii. 224) is L5,000 sterling, but according to a marginal note in the Liber de Ant. (fol. 39) it would appear to have been only L1,000, which, according to the compiler of that record, Louis repaid the Londoners as soon as he arrived home, out of pure generosity (mera liberalitate sua). On the other hand, Matthew Paris (ii, 292) under the year 1227, narrates that Henry extorted from the citizens of London 5,000 marks of silver, on the ground that that was the sum paid by the Londoners to Louis on his departure, to the king's prejudice.

209 Walter of Coventry. (Rolls Series No. 58), ii, 239.

M137 Attempt by Constantine Fitz-Athulf or Olaf, to raise a cry in favour of Louis, 1222.

210 Mat. Paris, ii, 251, 252.

211 Roger of Wendover, (Rolls Series No. 84), ii, 265, 267.

212 Probably Saint Giles in the Fields, a hospital founded by Matilda, wife of Henry I.

213 "Cives autem Londonienses, qui eundem H[ubertum] propter suspendium Constantini oderant, laetati sunt de tribulalionibus suis, et ilico conquesti sunt de eo, quod concivem suum injuste suspendit, et absque judicio."—Mat. Paris, ii, 345.

214 -Id., ii, 346, 347. Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 6, 7.

M138 The foreign element in the country.

215 "Dicebabur enim ... quod alienigenae qui plus regni perturbationem desiderabant quam pacem, praefatum comitem Cestriae ad domini sui regis infestationem et regni inquietationem inducere conarentur."—Walter of Coventry, ii, 251.

216 Mat. Paris, ii, 382, 384, iii, 90.

217 Freeman, Norman Conquest, v, 469, 470. "Et quia communitas nostra sigillum non habet, praesentes literas signo communitatis civitatis Londoniarum vestrae sanctitati mittimus consignatas."—Mat. Paris, iii, 17.

M139 The city's struggle against encroachment by the king.

218 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 7, 8.

M140 The city "taken into the king's hand" on the most frivolous pretences.

219 French Chronicle (Camden Soc., No. 28), ed. by Aungier (Riley's translation), pp. 241-244.

220 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 11.

221 -Id., pp. 13, 14, 16.

222 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 16, 17, 61. Mat. Paris, iii., 62, 80-81.

M141 Money extorted from the Jews as well as the citizens for payment of the king's tradesmen.

223 Mat. Paris, ii, 323.

224 "Quia dominus rex obligabatur de debitis non minimis erga mercatores de vino, de cera, de pannis ultramarinis, a civibus pecuniam multam extorsit et Judaeis, nec tamen inde mercatores plenam pacationem receperunt."—Mat. Paris, ii, 496.

225 "Cives tanien videntes aliud sibi non expedire, omnia benigne remiserunt."—Mat. Paris, iii, 72.

226 -Id., iii, 43.

M142 The coronation of king and queen, 1236.

227 Ann. of Worcester (Rolls Series No. 36), iv., 407.

228 "Unde, ne exorta contentione laetitia nuptialis nubilaretur, salvo cujuslibet jure, multa ad horam perpessa sunt, quae in tempore opportuno fuerant determinanda."—Mat. Paris, Hist. Angl., ed. 1684, P. 355. Cf. City Records, Liber Ordinationum, fo. 193 b. Brit. Mus. Cotton MS. Vespasian, C. xiv. fos. 113-114.

M143 The king's custom of formally taking leave of his citizens before going abroad.

229 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 9, 20, 45, 53.

230 -Id., p. 21.

M144 The Mad Parliament, 11th June, 1258.

231 An early instance of this parliament being so designated is found in the Liber de Antiquis of the City's Records (fol. 75b.) where the words insane parliamentum occur.

232 This agreement between the king and barons is termed a "Charter" by Fitz-Thedmar, who says it bore the seals of the king and of many barons.—Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 41.

M145 The Citizens throw in their lot with the Barons. M146 Hugh Bigod the baron's justiciar in the city, 1258.

233 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 43.

M147 The king takes leave of the citizens. November, 1259.

234 -Id., pp. 33-39.

235 -Id., pp. 45, 46.

M148 The king's return from abroad, April, 1260.

236 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 47.

237 -Id., p. 52.

238 The Bull was confirmed by Alexander's successor Pope Urban IV. and the later Bull was read at Paul's Cross, by the king's orders in the following year (1262), Id., p. 53.

M149 The king summoned to observe the Provisions of Oxford. 1263.

239 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 56.

240 -Id., p. 57.

M150 Arrangements made between the king, the barons, and the city, July, 1263.

241 -Id., p. 58.

M151 Organization of the Craft Guilds under Fitz-Thomas the Mayor. 1262.

242 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 59. "A similar uprising of the middle class of citizens was taking place about this period in other towns. They are spoken of by chroniclers of the same stamp as Fitz-Thedmar as ribald men who proclaimed themselves 'bachelors,' and banded themselves together to the prejudice of the chief men of the towns (majores urbium et burgorum)"—Chron. of Thomas Wykes (Rolls Series No. 36), iv, 138.

243 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 59-60.

M152 The movement favoured by the barons.

244 -Id., p. 60.

M153 The queen insulted by the citizens, 13th July, 1263.

245 Ann. of Dunstaple (Rolls Series No. 36). iii. 222-223. Chron. of Thos. Wykes (Ibid) iv, 136. Rishanger (Rolls Series No. 28, ii, 18), places this event after the Mise of Amiens (23rd Jan., 1264).

246 Annales Londonienses.—Chron. Edward I and II (Rolls Series No. 76) i, 60.

247 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 62.

M154 The Mise of Amiens. 23rd Jan., 1264

248 -Id., pp. 64, 65.

M155 League between the citizens of London and the barons.

249 Ann. of Dunstaple. iii, 230, 231.

M156 The Battle of Lewes, 14th May, 1264.

250 The number of Londoners who accompanied Leicester to Lewes is not given. Thomas Wykes mentions it to have been very large, for the reason that the number of fools is said to be infinite! "Quo comperto comes Leycestriae glorians in virtute sua, congregata baronum multitudine copiosa, Londoniensium innumerabili agmine circumcinctus, quia legitur stultorum infinitus est numerus."—(Rolls Series No. 36), iv, 148.

251 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 66; Ann. of Dunstaple, iii, 232; Thos. Wykes, iv, 149, 150; Rishanger (Rolls Series No. 28), 27.

M157 The Mise of Lewes.

252 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 67.

253 -Id., p. 74.

M158 Meeting of Simon de Montfort's Parliament, 20th Jan., 1265.

254 Fitz-Thedmar gives the number of representatives of each city and borough as four: "De qualitet civitate et burgo iiii homines."—Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 75.

255 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 77. This anecdote is inserted in the margin of Fitz-Thedmar's chronicle, the writer expressing his horror at the "wondrous and unheard of" conduct of "this most wretched mayor."

M159 Jealousy between the Earls of Leicester and Gloucester.

256 The story is told by Thos. Wykes. (Rolls Series No. 36), iv, 163.

M160 The Battle of Evesham, 4th August, 1265.

257 Lib. de. Ant. fo. 94b.

258 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 119. Circumstantially as the chronicler relates the story, he appears only to have inserted it as an after-thought. Mr. Loftie (Hist, of London, i, 151), suggests that possibly the news of Fitz-Thomas' death might have been the occasion of its insertion.

M161 The city taken into the king's hands from 1265 to 1270.

259 Aungier, Fr. Chron. (Riley's Transl.), p. 235.

M162 Threat of the king to subdue the city by force.

260 "His lordship the king had summoned to Wyndleshores all the earls, barons, [and] knights, as many as he could, with horses and arms, intending to lay siege to the City of London [and] calling the citizens his foes."—Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 81.

261 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 82.

M163 Fitz-Thomas and others summoned to Windsor.

262 At one time the parish of All Hallows Barking is spoken of as being in the County of Middlesex, at another as being within the City—Hust. Roll. 274, (10), (12).

M164 The fate of Fitz-Thomas unknown.

263 In narrating this, Fitz-Thedmar again discloses his aristocratic proclivities by remarking, "Such base exclamations did the fools of the vulgar classes give utterance to" on this occasion, viz., the election of William Fitz-Richard as Sheriff of Middlesex and Warden of London.—Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 90, 91.

M165 The city taken into the king's hand, 1265.

264 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 83, 85.

M166 London Bridge bestowed on the queen.

265 "Regina etiam rogavit pro Londoniensibus de quibus rex plures recepit ad pacem suam."—Ann. of Winchester (Rolls Series, No. 36), ii, 103.

266 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 146, 147.

M167 The Earl of Gloucester master of the city, April, 1267.

267 Ann. of Dunstaple. (Rolls Series, No. 36), iii, 245.

268 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 95. The citizens appear to have been divided, as indeed they often were, on the question of admitting the Earl.

269 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 95, 97.

270 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 96.

M168 Terms arranged between Gloucester and the king, 16th June, 1267.

271 -Id., pp. 97, 100.

M169 Charter of Henry III, 26th March, 1268.

272 Dated "Est Ratford," 16th June, 1267. Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 98-100.

273 Dated 26th March, 1268. The original is preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 3). A copy of it, inserted in the Lib. de Ant. (fo. 108b), has the following heading:—"Carta domini regis quam fecit civibus Lond', sub spe inveniendi ab eo meliorem gratiam," the words in italics being added by a later hand.

M170 The city recovers its rights to elect mayor and sheriffs, 1270.

274 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 113. Ann. of Waverley (Rolls Series No. 36), ii, 375.

275 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 129.

M171 The sheriff's ferm increased to L400.

276 Lib. de Ant., fo. 120.

M172 Election of John Adrian, Mayor, 1270.

277 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 129-130.

M173 Election of Hervy, 1272, disputed.

278 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 153.

M174 Appeal made by both parties to the king's council. M175 The king's illness and death, 16th November, 1272.

279 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 154, 159.

M176 Fitz-Thedmar's prejudice against Hervy.

280 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 164.

281 The series of Husting Rolls for Pleas of Land, preserved at the Guildhall, commence in the mayoralty of Hervy's successor.

282 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 205-208.

M177 Hervy's so-called "charter" to the guilds.

283 What Fitz-Thedmar means when he says (Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 171), that "only one part of the seal of the Commonalty of London" was appended to Hervy's so-called "charter" is hard to determine. The common seal of the city was at this period in the custody of the mayor for the time being. Under Edward II, it was for the first time entrusted to two aldermen and two commoners for safe keeping.—City Records, Letter Book D, fo. 145b. Cf. Ordinances of Edward II, A.D. 1319.

284 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 169-171.

M178 Dispute between Hervy and the Mayor, 1274. M179 Charges against Hervy for acts done during his mayoralty. M180 Is discharged from his aldermanry.

285 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 173-5.

M181 The after-results of the policy of Hervy and Fitz-Thomas.

286 "Et quod nullus alienigena in libertatem civitatis praedictae admittatur nisi in Hustengo ... et si non sint de certo mestero, tune in libertatem civitatis ejusdem non admittentur sine assensu communitatis civitatis illius."—Lib. Custumarum (Rolls Series), pt. 1, pp. 269-270.

287 "The establishment of the corporate character of the city under a mayor marks the victory of the communal principle over the more ancient shire organisation, which seems to have displaced early in the century the complicated system of guild and franchise. It also marks the triumph of the mercantile over the aristocratic element."—Stubbs, Const. Hist., i, 630, 631.

288 "The guilds continued to elect until 1384, when the right of election was again transferred to the wards." City Records, Letter Book H, fos. 46b, 173.

M182 Arrival of Edward I, in London, 18th August, 1274.

289 Chron. Edward I and II. (Rolls Series No. 76), i, 84. Chron. of T. Wykes (Rolls Series No. 36) iv, p. 259.

290 Dated from "Caples in the land of Labour" (Caples in terra laboris) or Capua, 19th January, 1273. This letter was publicly read in the Guildhall on the 25th March following.—Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 163.

M183 Edward's hereditary right to the crown clearly acknowledged.

291 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 161.

M184 Four citizens to be sent to confer with Edward at Paris, 3rd April, 1274.

292 -Id., p. 172.

M185 The object of the conference.

293 -.Id, pp. 132, 140-2.

294 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 143-4.

M186 Interruption of trade between England and Flanders.

295 -Id., pp. 145, 146.

296 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 147, 148.

297 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 149, 150.

M187 Writ for the expulsion of all Flemings, 8th Sept., 1273.

298 -Id., p. 165.

M188 Negotiations opened with Edward at Paris for peace with Flanders. M189 Particulars of the four citizens sent to confer with the king at Paris.

299 -A.D. 1279. "Eodem anno escambia et novae monetae extiterunt levata apud turrim Londoniensem; et Gregorius de Roqesle major monetae per totam Angliam."—Chron. Edw. I and II. (Rolls Series No. 76. i. 88).—Aungier Fr. Chron. (Transl.) p. 239.

300 The name of John Horn with the addition. "Flemyng" occurs in the 14th cent.—Hust. Roll. 64 (67), 81 (74).

M190 Peace concluded between England and Flanders, July, 1274.

301 For one month after the Feast of St. Botolph the Abbot [17 June], the Court of Husting in London was closed, owing to the absence of citizens attending the fair. The right of appointing their own officers to settle disputes arising at the fair was granted to the citizens of London at the close of the Barons' War.—Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 176.

302 Peace was signed before the end of July.—Rymer's Foedera, (ed. 1816), vol. i. pt. 2, p. 513.

M191 Strong Government of the city under Edward I.

303 A series of MS. books extending from A.D. 1275 to 1688, deriving their title from the letters of the alphabet with which they are distinguished, A, B, C, &c, AA, BB, CC, &c. We are further aided by chronicles of the reigns of Edward I and II, edited by Bishop Stubbs for the Master of the Rolls. A portion of these chronicles the editor has fitly called "Annales Londonienses." There is even reason for believing them to have been written by Andrew Horn, citizen and fishmonger, as well as eminent jurist of his day. He died soon after the accession of Edward III. and by his will, dated 9th Oct., 1328, (Cal. of Wills, Court of Husting, i, 344) bequeathed to the city many valuable legal and other treatises, only one of which (known to this day as "Liber Horn,") is preserved among the archives of the Corporation.

M192 The necessity for an immediate supply of money.

304 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, p. 239.

305 Stubbs, Select Charters, p. 447.

306 Chron. Edward I and II, (Rolls Series). Introd. vol. i, p. xxxiii.

M193 The so-called Parliament at Shrewsbury. 1283.

307 -Id., i, 92.

308 Contin. Flor. Wigorn., ii, 229. 230. Tho. Wykes (Ann. Monast. Rolls Series No. 36), iv, 294. Ann. of Worcester (Ibid), iv, 486. Walter de Heminburgh (Eng. Hist. Soc.), ii, 13.

M194 Ralph Crepyn and Laurence Duket.

309 They were, in the language of Stow, "hanged by the purse." (Survey, Thoms' ed., p. 96). Cf. "He was hanged by the nek and nought by the purs." (Chaucer, Cook's Tale. l. 885). The story is recorded in Aungier's French Chron. (Riley's translation), p. 240; and in Chron. Edward I and II (Rolls Series i, 92-93).

M195 Legislative enactments of 1285.

310 Stubbs, Select Charters, pp. 472-474.

311 Letter Book C, fo. 52. Riley's Memorials, p. 21.

M196 The justiciars at the Tower, 1285 M197 The customary procedure when the citizens waited on the justices at the Tower.

312 Rolls Series, i, 51-60. Cf. Lib. Ordinationum, fos. 154b, seq.

M198 The city declared to be taken into the king's hand.

313 The circumstances of Rokesley's visit to the justices at the Tower are set out in the city's "Liber Albus" (i, 16), from a MS. of Andrew Horn, no longer preserved at the Guildhall. The story also appears in Chron. Edward I and II (Rolls Series No. 76), i, 94.

M199 For thirteen years the city governed by a custos instead of a mayor.

314 In 1293 the king appointed Elias Russell and Henry le Bole his "improvers" (appropriatores) in the city:—Chron. Edward I and II, (Rolls Series No. 76, i, 102). Their duties were practically identical with those of sheriffs, and Bishop Stubbs places a marginal note over against the appointment,—"Sheriffs appointed by the king." Walter Hervy is recorded as having removed certain stones near Bucklersbury when he was "improver" of the city (Letter Book A, fo. 84. Riley's Memorials, p. 25). This was probably done in 1268, when the city was in the king's hand, and Hervy and William de Durham were appointed bailiffs "without election by the citizens."—Chron. Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 112, 113.

M200 Both the king and the city in straits for money, 1289-1290.

315 Letter Book A, fo. 132b.

316 -Id., fo. 110.

317 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 98.

M201 The king's difficulties increased by the expulsion of the Jews, 1290.

318 Letter Book A, fo. 95. Riley's Memorials, p. 26.

319 "From the very day of his accession, Edward was financially in the hands of the Lombard bankers; hence arose, no doubt, the difficulty which he had in managing the City of London; hence came also the financial mischief which followed the banishment of the Jews; and hence an accumulation of popular discontent, which showed itself in the king's lifetime by opposition to his mercantile policy, and, after his death, supplied one of the most efficient means for the overthrow of his son."—Chron. Edward I and II. Introd. vol. i, pp. c, ci.

M202 Edward's domestic troubles of 1290. M203 Seizure of treasure in monastries and churches, 1294.

320 Writ to the Sheriff of Middlesex, dated 2nd Jan., 1293. Letter Book B, fo. 25. Contin. Flor. Wigorn., ii, 266.

321 Ann. of Dunstaple (Rolls Series No. 36), iii, 390. The chronicler acquits the king of complicity in this sacrilege.

322 Contin. Flor. Wigorn., ii, 274.

M204 The city furnishes ships and men for the defence of the coast 1295, 1296.

323 Letter Book C. fo. 20.

324 -Id., fos. 21b, 22. (Riley's Memorials, pp. 31-33). Liber Custum., i, 72-76.

M205 The subjection of Scotland, 1296.

325 Chron. of Walter de Hemingburgh (Eng. Hist. Soc.), ii. 108, 109.

M206 The parliament of Bury St. Edmund's, 3rd Nov., 1296.

326 Letter Book C, fo. 22b.

327 By the bull Clericis Laicos, Boniface VIII had recently forbidden the clergy to pay taxes to any layman.—Chron. of Walter de Hemingburgh (Eng. Hist. Soc.), ii, 113-116.

328 Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 130, 131, 134.

M207 Edward's altercation with Roger Bigod, Feb., 1297.

329 Chron. of Walter de Hemingburgh, ii, 121.

M208 The "Confirmatio Cartarum," Oct. 1297.

330 -Id., ii, 126, 127.

331 -Id., ii, 149, 151.

M209 The mayoralty restored to the city, 11th April, 1298.

332 Letter Book B, fo. xxxvii (101b).

333 Preserved among the City Archives (Box 26). Cf. Letter Book C, fo. xxiv, b.

334 Letter Book B, fo. 93.

M210 Suppression of the Scottish rising under Wallace, 1298, 1304.

335 Letter Book C, fo. 24. (Riley's Memorials, 37).

336 Strictly speaking, a talliage could only be charged on the king's demesnes, and these did not include the City of London.

337 Chron. Edward I and II (Rolls Series), i, 132.

M211 Wallace brought to London, 22 Aug., 1305.

338 Aungier, Fr. Chron. (Riley's Transl.), 247. Chron. Edward I and II (Rolls Series), i, 139.

M212 Knighthood conferred on John le Blound, the mayor, and others, May 1306.

339 Chron. Edward I and II (Rolls Series), i, 146. Hemingburgh ii, 248.

340 Aungier, Fr. Chron. (Riley's Transl.), 247 n.

M213 Death of the king, 7th July, 1307. M214 The accession of Edward II.

341 "Tunc visa est Londonia quasi nova Jerusalem monilibus ornata."—Chron. Edward I and II (Rolls Series No. 76), i, 152.

342 "Ad quam coronationem major, aldermanni et cives Londoniarum induti samiteis et sericeis vestimentis et ex armis Angliae et Franciae depictis, coram rege et regina Karolantes, et servi civium ad illud festum, ut moris est, de cupa servientes, omnibus intuentibus inauditum proviserunt gaudium."—Id. ibid.

M215 The king's foreign favourites.

343 Letter Book C, fo. 93 (Riley's Memorials, p. 64).

344 Letter Book D, fo. 96 (Memorials, pp. 69-71).

345 Letter Book C, fo. 97 b (Memorials, p. 69).

346 Letter Book D, fo. 104 (Memorials, pp. 72-74).

M216 The Ordainers and their work, 1308-1311.

347 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 224-225.

348 Letter Book D, fo. 147b.

M217 The City's gift of 1,000 marks to assist the king against Scotland, March, 1311.

349 -Id., fo. 125b.

M218 Richer de Refham, Mayor, 1310-1311.

350 "Eodem anno (i.e. 1302), die Lunae ivto Kalendas Februarii, restitutus est Richerus de Refham in honore aldermanniae Londoniarum, et factus est aldermannus de Warda de Basseishawe."—Chron. Edward I and II, i, 104.

351 Among those who were called to account was a woman remarkable for her name—"Sarra la Bredmongesterre." A selection of the cases enquired into is printed in Riley's Memorials, pp. 86-89.

352 "Sed quia idem Richerus fuerat austerus et celer ad justitiam faciendam nulli parcendo, et quia fecit imprisonare Willelmum de Hakford, mercer, ideo dictus W, et sui complices insurrexerunt in ipsum et ideo depositus fuit ab officio majoris et postea aldermanniae suae."—Chron. Edw. I and II, i, 175-176.

M219 The fall of Gaveston.

353 Letter Book D, fo. 142.

354 -Id., fos. 142b-143b (Memorials pp. 93-98.)

355 -Id., fos. 142b, 143b, 145b.

356 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 203.

357 Lib. de Antiq., fo. 43b. Aungier's Fr. Chron. (Riley's Transl.), p. 250.

358 Letter Book C, fo. 45.

359 Letter Book C, fo. 92b (Memorials p. 63).

M220 Parliament at London. August, 1312.

360 The city chose as its representatives, Nicholas de Farendone, John de Wengrave, and Robert de Kelleseye. Letter Book D. fos. 149b, 151, 151b.

361 -Id., fos. 151b, 152 (Memorials pp. 102-104.)

M221 The birth of a prince, 13 Nov., 1312.

362 -Id., fo. 168 (Memorials, pp. 105-106).

M222 The question of the king's rights to talliage the city, 1312-1314.

363 Letter Book D, fos. 164, 164b.

364 Letter Book E, fo. 18. (Memorials, pp. 108-110).

M223 The renewal of the war with Scotland, 1314.

365 Letter Book D, fo. 165.

366 Chron. Edward I and II, ii, 55, 56.

367 Letter Book E, fo. 84. (Memorials, pp. 128-129).

M224 Dissension in the city, 1318-1319.

368 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 285.

M225 Articles for the better government of the city confirmed by the king, 8th June, 1319.

369 Aungier's French Chron. (Riley's translation), p. 252.

370 Lib. Cust. (Rolls Series) i, 269.

371 Dated York, 8th June, 1319. These letters patent are preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 4). Ten days later [18th June] Edward granted an ample inspeximus charter to the city, the original of which does not appear among the archives. See Lib. Cust. i, pp. 255-273.

372 Aungier, Fr. Chron. (Riley's translation), p. 253.

373 In this year [1318-19] the new charter was confirmed by the king, and cost L1,000. Id., p. 252.

M226 The Iter at the Tower of 1321.

374 Chron. Edward I and II, Introd., vol. ii, p. lxxxiv.

375 Lib. Cust. (Rolls Series) i, 285-432.

376 Rolls Series i, 51-60. Copies of the Ordinances are also to be found in the Liber Horn (fos. 209, seq.) and Liber Ordinationum (fos. 154b seq.) of the city's archives.

M227 Complaint of negligence of duty by the sheriffs.

377 Lib. Cust. i, 289, 308.

M228 The city claims to record its custom by mouth of the Recorder.

378 Lib. Cust., i, 296.

M229 the 4th day of the Iter.

379 -Id., i, 308-322.

380 -Id., i, 322-324.

381 -Id., i, 324-325.

M230 The 9th day of the Iter.

382 -Id., i, 347-362.

383 "Et fuit illo die post horam vesperarum antequam Justiciarii et duodenae perfiniebant; sed neminem eodem die indictaverunt."—Lib. Cust., i, 366.

M231 Indictment against a late mayor.

384 Lib. Cust., i, 371-374.

M232 The city taken into the king's hand.

385 -Id., i, 378. Chron. Edward I and II, i, 291. Aungier, Fr. Chron., p. 253.

M233 Adjournment of the Iter over Easter. M234 Sudden change in the attitude of the judges after Easter.

386 "Qui cum quasi leones parati ad praedam ante Pascham extitissent, nunc, versa vice, quasi agni vicissim facti sunt."—Lib. Cust., i, 383-384.

M235 Andrew Horn appears as counsel for the City. M236 The indictment brought against the Constable of the Tower.

387 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 216, 272.

388 Lib. Cust., i, 408, 409.

M237 The Iter brought to a sudden termination. 4 July, 1321.

389 -Id., i, 425.

M238 The mayoralty restored to the city.

390 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 291. The precise date of his election is not known. Bishop Stubbs, in his introduction to the Chronicle cited (i, p. lxxxii), states it to have taken place in January. This can hardly have been the case, inasmuch as the city had not been taken into the king's hands before the middle of February—forty-one days after the commencement of the Iter. See Lib. Cust. i, p. 378.

M239 The City promises to support the king, July, 1321.

391 Letter Book E, fos. 119b-120 (Memorials, pp. 142-144).

M240 Letter from the Earl of Hereford and the City's reply.

392 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 293, 296.

M241 Terms arranged between the king and the lords, 14 August.

393 -Id., i, 297.

M242 Chigwell continued in the mayoralty.

394 Dated, Boxle, 25 October. Patent Roll 15, Edward II, Part 1, m. ii.

395 Chron. Edward I and II, i, p. 298. Re-elected "by the commons at the king's wish."—Aungier Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), p. 254.

M243 The queen insulted by Lady Badlesmere.

396 Chron. Edward I and II, i, pp. 298-299.

M244 Attempt to issue a "charter of service."

397 Aungier, Fr. Chron., pp. 254, 255.

398 The charter, dated Aldermaston, 12th December, 15 Edward II [A.D. 1321], with seal (imperfect) attached, is preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 4.)

M245 The Londoners at Boroughbridge, 16 March, 1322.

399 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 301.—Aungier. Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.). p. 255.

M246 The character of the citizen soldier in the field.

400 "Car c'est le plus perilleux peuple [sc. the English] qui soit au monde et plus outrageux et orgueilleux et de tous ceux d' Angleterre les Londriens sont chefs ... ils sont fors durs et hardis et haux en courage; tant plus voyent de sang respandu et plus sont cruels et moins ebahis."—Froissart's Hist. (ed. Lyon, 1559), pp. 333-334.

401 Macaulay, Hist., cap. iii.

M247 Defeat and execution of the Earl of Lancaster, March, 1322.

402 Aungier. Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), pp. 257, 264.

M248 Edward again despotic, 1322-1323.

403 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 303.

404 -Id., i. 305. Aungier. Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), p. 257.

405 By the king's writ, dated Ravensdale, 29 Nov., Letter Book E. fo. 148. According to the French Chronicle (Aungier, p. 258) Chigwell recovered the mayoralty on the feast of St. Nicholas [6 Dec.]. On the 7th Dec. he was admitted and sworn into office.

M249 Escape of Roger Mortimer from the Tower. Aug. 1323.

406 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 301, 305, 318 n.

407 "Propter insidiantes domini regis et aliorum malorum hominum."—Id., i, 306.

M250 A feud between the Weavers and the Goldsmiths, 1324.

408 -Id., i, 307.

M251 Departure of the queen for France, 9 March, 1324.

409 Aungier, Fr. Chron., p. 259.

410 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 308. Easter is given as the date of her departure by the Fr. Chron. (p. 259), Easter Day falling on the 15th April in that year.

M252 Her return to England, 24 September, 1326.

411 Aungier, Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), p. 260.

M253 The City lost to Edward.

412 See her proclamation issued at Wallingford, 15th Oct. Rymer's Foedera, vol. ii, part 1, pp. 645, 646.

413 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 314, 315.

414 Dated Baldock, 6 Oct., 1326. City's Records, Pleas and Memoranda, Roll A I, membr. x (12).

415 Aungier. Fr. Chron. (Riley's translation), pp. 262, 263.

M254 The murder of Bishop Stapleton, 15 October, 1326.

416 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 315, 316. Aungier, Fr. Chron., p. 263.

417 Chron. Edward I and II, ii, 310. Murimuth, Chron. (Eng. Hist. Soc.), p. 48.

418 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 321, ii, 310. Aungier, Fr. Chron. (Riley's translation), p. 264. Murimuth (Eng. Hist. Soc.), pp. 48, 49.

419 The proclamation is headed, Proclamacio prima post decessum episcopi Exoniensis et ipsius decollacionem.—City's Records, Pleas and Memoranda, Roll A 1, membr. 2 dors.

M255 The queen confirms to the citizens their right to elect their mayor, Nov., 1326. M256 Betoyne elected mayor.

420 Aungier, Fr. Chron., p. 265.

421 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 318.

M257 Public declaration in favour of the queen and the City's rights. 13 Jan., 1327.

422 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 323. Pleas and Memoranda, Roll A 1, memb. 2.

M258 Edward's charter to the city, 6 March, 1327.

423 Dated 28 February, 1326-7. Chron. Edward I and II, i, 325-326.

424 Dated 6 March, 1326-7. Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 5).

425 In re Islington Market Bill, 3 Clk, 513. See also Stat. 5 and 6, William IV, cap. cxi, ss. 46 et seq.

426 -Vide sup., p. 104.

427 According to the common law of the land, no market could be erected so as to be a "nuisance" to another market within a less distance than six miles and a half and a third of another half.—Bracton "De Legibus Angliae" (Rolls Series No. 70), iii, 584.

428 Dated 4 March, 1326-7.

429 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 325.

M259 The City sends a contingent to assist the king against the Scots.

430 The king's letters asking for assistance were dated from Nottingham, 29 April and 2 May.—City's Records, Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. iv dors, and ix.

431 The names of the troopers are set out in full, under the several wards, in Pleas and Memoranda, Roll A I, memb. ix. The compiler of the "Annales Paulini" (Chron. Edward I and II, i. 333), gives the number of the City contingent as 100 men, adding feelingly "sed proh pudor! nil boni ibi facientes sine honore revertuntur."

M260 This act not to be made a precedent.

432 Dated Topclyf, 10 July.—Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. ii (4).

M261 The City's representatives at the Parliament at Lincoln, Sept., 1327.

433 -Id., Roll A 1, membr. iii.

434 Writ dated Lincoln, 23 September.—Id., Roll A 1, membr. v (7) dors.

M262 Petition against removing the courts and the exchequer to York.

435 -Id., Roll A 1. memb. iii.—In July, 1323, the Exchequer had been transferred from York to Westminster, "and great treasure therewith."—Aungier's Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), p. 258.

436 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1. membr. iii, and v (7).

M263 Peace with Scotland, 1328.

437 Pleas and Memoranda, Roll A 1. membr. xxii.

438 -Id., Roll A 1. membr. xxii, dors.—According to the Chronicle of Lanercost (Bannatyne Club, p. 261), it was the Londoners who refused to give up the stone.

439 Rymer's Foedera (1830), Vol. iii, pt. ii, p. 716. Stanley's Memorials of Westminster Abbey (2nd ed.), pp. 60-64.

440 Rymer's Foedera (1821) Vol. ii, pt. ii, pp. 734, 740. Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. xx dors. Chron. Edward I and II, i. 339-340.

M264 The revolt of the Earl of Lancaster, Oct., 1328.

441 The city was represented by Stephen de Abyndon and Robert de Kelseye. The writ was dated Clipston, 28 August, and the return made the 10th October.—Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1. membr. xxiii-xxiv.

442 Letter dated 27 September.—Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. xxiii (27) dors.

M265 The earl's letter to the City, 5 Nov., 1328.

443 -Id., Roll A 1, membr. xxiv (28) dors.

M266 The election of John de Grantham, mayor, in place of Chigwell.

444 "Quod dictus Hamo fuit pessimus vermis qui venit in civitate jam xx annis elapsis et amplius, et quod nunquam foret bona pax in civitate dum viveret et quod bonum esset valde si capud ejus a corpore truncatur."—Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. xxiii dors.

445 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 29.

M267 The king desires a deputation from the city to meet him at Windsor, Nov., 1328.

446 -Id., Roll A 1, membr. 29 dors.

447 -Id., ibid.—Notwithstanding this disavowal, it is said that no less than 600 Londoners assisted the Lancastrian cause.—Chron. Edward I and II. Introd. Vol. i, p. cxx.

M268 The king pays a short visit to London, Dec., 1328.

448 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 343.—Letter Book E, fo. 179b. (Memorials, pp. 170-171).

M269 The king's letter from Gloucester to the Mayor, &c., of London. 16 Dec., 1328.

449 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 31.

450 See letter from the mayor, &c., to the king informing him that his wishes had been carried out.—Id., Roll A 1. membr. xxviii (32).

M270 The bishops and barons in the city.

451 At Christmas, both the primate and the city despatched letters to Edward, who was then at Worcester, to that effect.—Id., Roll A 1. memb. xxviii (32).

M271 Failure of Lancaster to raise a confederation against the king. 2 Jan., 1329.

452 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 343-344.

453 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1. membr. xxviii (32).

M272 Trial at the Guildhall of those implicated with Lancaster. Feb., 1329.

454 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 242-243.

M273 Trial of Hamo de Chigwell, 13 Feb., 1329.

455 -Id., i, 245, 346.

456 -Id., i. 246-247.

457 The will is enrolled in the records of the Court of Husting, Roll 61 (17). His devise to St. Paul's was challenged by John de Pulteney, and execution stayed.

M274 Execution of Mortimer, 29 Nov., 1330.

458 According to the compiler of the "Annales Paulini" (Chron. Edward I and II, i, 352), Mortimer was taken "in camera Isabelle reginae."

M275 The queen retires into privacy.

459 She died in 1357. and was buried in the church of the Grey Friars, in the city.

460 "The last days of Queen Isabella."—Archaeol., vol. xxxv, p. 464.

M276 Increase of trade with Flanders.

461 On her first arrival in London she was conducted by a cavalcade of citizens to the Bishop of Ely's house in Holborn, and after her marriage, was made the recipient of a present of gold and silver and a great store of all kinds of provisions. Her coronation, which took place two years later (Feb., 1330), was also made the occasion for a further display of their loyalty and affection.—Chron. Edward I and II, i, 338, 339, 349.

462 Green, Hist. of the English People, i, 410. Imposts on wool, writes Bishop Stubbs, became of such importance at this period that "the merchants again seemed likely to furnish the realm with a new estate."—Const. Hist., ii. 379.

463 -Supra, pp. 112-115.

M277 The establishment of staples in England.

464 "Eodem anno (i.e., 1326) post Pascha dominus rex habuit consilium apud Westmonasterium; et ordinatum fuit ibi quod mercatores emerent lanas. corias et plumbum, in certis locis Angliae, Walliae et Hyberniae, et illa loca vocantur Stapel."—Chron. Edward I and II, i, 312. Cf. Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 15.

465 Dated 23 April, 1327. Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. i (3) dors.

466 Dated Nottingham, 30 April (1327). Rymer's Foedera. Vol. ii, pt. ii. p. 705.

M278 A new tax on wool, leather, and wool-fells.

467 Writ to the collector of dues in the port of London and other places on both sides of the Thames as far as Gravesend. Dated Overton, 2 July, 1 Edward III (A.D. 1327). Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 7 dors (cedula).

468 -Id., Roll A 1, membr. 7 dors.

469 Letters patent, dated Lincoln, 23 Sept., 1 Edward III (A.D. 1327). Id., Roll A 1, membr. 7 dors.

470 Writ to sheriffs to see the restrictions carried out, dated York, 1 March, 2 Edward III (A.D. 1327-8). Id., Roll A 1, membr. 24 dors.

M279 Proposal to remove the Staple to the continent, Feb., 1328.

471 Dated from Coventry. Id., Roll A 1, membr. 18 dors.

472 Return to writ, dated 12 January, 1 Edward III (A.D. 1327-8).—Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 20.

473 Letter from the Mayor, &c., of York, to the City of London, dated 29 January, and reply.—Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. xix (23).

474 -Id. ibid.

475 -Id., Roll A 1, membr. xvii (20) dors. The letter was sent in reply to one from the City's representatives, Grantham and Priour, asking for instructions.

476 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. xix (23) dors.

477 He had been an intimate favourite of Edward II. and had been removed, with others, from that king's service in 1311. Notwithstanding this, he appears as the king's Chamberlain in 1316. Ten years later, when the city was in the hands of an infuriated mob, and the king confined at Kenilworth, John de Charleton took the Earl of Arundel prisoner and caused him to be beheaded. In 1329 the citizens received peremptory orders from Edward III, not to harbour him in the city.—Chron. Edward I & II. i, 247.

M280 Betoyne's own account of his disagreement with his colleagues.

478 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 24.

M281 Betoyne's action approved by the citizens, 19 Feb., 1328.

479 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 24.

480 Letter Book E, fo. 183. (Memorials, p. 169.)

M282 Temporary abolition of Staples. Aug., 1328.

481 "In 1333 they were again established in England, but merchants ignored them, and in the following year they were abolished. From 1344 onwards they are frequently discussed in parliament and assemblies of the merchants; and by the statute of 1353 the system was consolidated."—Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 412.

482 Letter Book G. fos. 35b, 76.

M283 England and France, 1329-1331

483 Rymer's Foedera (1821), vol. ii, pt. ii. p. 765.

484 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 247, 249.

485 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 249, 251.

486 Rymer's Foedera (1821), vol. ii, pt. ii, p. 815.

M284 The war with Scotland, 1332-1335.

487 Rex Franciae subtiliavit viis et modis quibus potuit qualiter deturbaret regem Angliae et repatriare faceret ne tantum destrueret et debellaret regnum Scotiae.—Knighton (Rolls Series No. 76), i, 476.

488 -Id., i, 461.

489 Letter Book E, fos. 1-4—(Memorials, pp. 187-190).

490 John de Grantham was allowed 60 shillings for a horse which he lost whilst going to this parliament on the city's business. (Letter Book F, fo. 9b.) It is, however, not clear that Grantham attended the parliament as a city member.

491 Chron. Edward I and II, ii. 122.

492 Letter patent, dated 12 August.—Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 35.

493 -Id. ibid.

M285 Preparations for war with France, 1337.

494 Letter patent, dated Westm., 24 March.—Letter Book F., fo. 6.

495 -Id., fo. 6b.

496 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 366.

497 The king's letter, dated Stamford, 1 June, 1337.—Letter Book F, fo. 6b.

M286 Charter, 26 March, 1337.

498 Letter Book F, fos. 4-5.

499 Charter dated Westminster, 26 March, 1337, preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 5). The king made frequent attempts to annul this charter.—Letter Book F, fo. 197; Letter Book G, fos. 11b, 41b.

500 -Id., fo. 9.

M287 The services of John de Pulteney, Mayor.

501 -Id., fo. 9b. (Memorials, p. 197).

502 -Id., fo. 10b.

M288 The king monopolises the wool of the country.

503 Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 380.

504 Letter Book F, fo. 42.

505 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 3 and 3 dors.

506 Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 380-381.

M289 Naval and military preparations in the City.

507 Letter Book F, fos. 3, 3b.

508 -Id., fo. 14b. Id., fo. 18b.

509 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 5, membr. 3 dors.

M290 The city put into a posture of defence after the king's departure, July, 1338.

510 -Id., membr. 5 dors.

511 -Id., membr. 6. On the 23 October, the Duke of Cornwall, whom the king had nominated regent during his absence abroad, wrote to the Mayor, &c., of London, bidding him put the city into a posture of defence.—Letter Book F, fo. 19.

M291 Orders for city to provide more ships and men, Feb., 1339.

512 -Skumarii: a scummar, a rover. Skeats' Glossary to the Bruce (Early Eng. Text Soc. s. v.)

513 Letter Book F, fos. 22b-23.

M292 A threatened invasion up the Thames, Easter, 1339.

514 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 1.

515 Letter Book F, fly leaf. (Memorials, p. 204.)

M293 Implements of war stored at the Guildhall.

516 Letter Book F, fly-leaf. The passage was printed by the late Mr. Riley, although somewhat inaccurately, in his Memorials (p. 205). The original MS. runs thus: "Item in Camera Gildaule sunt sex Instrumenta de Laton vocata Gonnes cum quinque teleres ad eadem. Item pelete de plumbo pro eidem Instrumentis que ponderant iiijc li et dj. Item xxxij li de pulvere pro dictis instrumentis."

517 The late Mr. Riley misread "roleres" for "teleres" (the writing is not very legible), and therefore thought the passage referred to heavy ordnance.

518 Richard Hastinges bequeaths by will in 1558 his bows and arrows, with "tyllers" &c.—Calendar of Wills, Court of Hust., London, ii, 670.

M294 The king's return, Feb., 1340.

519 Congregacio Maioris Aldermannorum et unius hominis cujuslibet warde civitatis pro negociis communitatem tangentibus die veneris proxima post festum Sancte Katerine Virginis (25 Nov.) anno xiijc contra adventum domini regis et regine de partibus transmarinis.—Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 10.

520 Letter Book F, fo. 30b.

M295 A City loan of L5,000.

521 Letter Book F, fo. 32b. (Memorials, pp. 208-210.)

522 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 12 dors.

523 Letter Book F, fo. 34b.

M296 The king again sets sail, June, 1340.

524 Letter Book F, fo. 39.

M297 The battle of Sluys, 24 June, 1340.

525 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 20-21. Letter Book F, fo. 37b.

526 A cedula inserted between membranes 19 and 20 of Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3.

527 Aungier, Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), 277.

M298 The king's unexpected return, 30 Nov., 1340.

528 Murimuth, Contin. Chron. (Rolls Series No. 93), p. 116. Avesbury (Ibid), p. 323.

M299 Dismisses ministers and orders an enquiry as to collection of revenue. M300 The justices at the Tower, March-April. 1341.

529 Aungier's Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), pp. 283-285. Murimuth, p. 117.

530 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 22.

531 Letter Book F, fos. 45b-49. Murimuth, pp. 118, 119.

532 Murimuth, p. 119.

533 Letter Book F, fo. 49.

M301 Charter to the city, dated 26 March, 1341.

534 Dated 26 May, 1341. This charter, which was granted with the assent of parliament, is preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 5.)

M302 The city called upon to furnish the king with 26 ships.

535 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 25 dors.

M303 The king's expedition to Brittany, Oct., 1342.

536 -Id., Roll A 5. membr. 17.

M304 A truce with France for three years.

537 Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 392 note. Aungier's Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), 290.

538 Murimuth, 155.

M305 Renewal of the war in 1345.

539 Letter Book F, fos. 81-84b.

540 Commission, dated Windsor, 20th March, 1345. Id. fo. 98b.

541 -Id. fos. 99, 109, 110.

542 Letter Book F, fo. 111.

543 -Id., fo. 116b.

M306 Expedition to France sets sail, 10 July, 1346.

544 Murimuth (Rolls Series, No. 93, p. 198) states that the number of vessels great and small amounted to 750; whilst in another Chronicle the same writer says that they numbered more than 1,500 (Chron. ed. for Eng. Hist. Soc., p. 164.)

545 Letter Book F. fo. 119. Murimuth (Rolls Series), p. 198.

M307 News of the king's arrival and success in Normandy, 3 Aug.

546 Murimuth (Rolls Series), pp. 205-211.

547 Letter Book F, fo. 120b.

548 -Id., fos. 121-125b.

M308 The battle of Crecy, 26 Aug., 1346. M309 Siege and surrender of Calais, 1346-1347.

549 Letter Book F, fos. 127, 127b, 130.

550 -Id., fos. 132b-133b.

551 -Id., fos. 139, 140.

552 -Id., fo. 140 b.

553 Hist. Angl. (Rolls Series No. 28), i, 272. Cf. Chron. Angliae (Rolls Series No. 64). p. 26.

M310 The Black Death, 1348-1349.

554 It was the first of the three pestilences (the others occurring in 1361 and 1369) which served occasionally as land marks in history for dating conveyances and other records.—See Bond's Handy-book for verifying dates, p. 311.

555 Stow extravagantly conjectures that no less than 50,000 perished within a year, all of whom were buried in Walter Manny's cemetery, near the Charterhouse. Another chronicler states that 200 were buried there alone between February and April, 1349.—Avesbury (Rolls Series No. 93), p. 407.

556 Whilst the king forbade the encouragement of beggars by gifts of charity, the municipal authorities fixed the price of labour.—Letter Book F. fos. 163, 168, 169, 181. At the close of the year (1349) a statute—known as the Statute of Labourers—was passed, fixing the scale of wages at the rate prevalent before the Black Death, and ordering punishment to be inflicted on those who demanded more.

557 Letter Book F, fo. 168.

558 -Id., fo. 191b.

M311 A fresh truce with France, commencing 13 June, 1350.

559 By writ, dated 1 July. Letter Book F, fo. 185b.

M312 Measures taken for the suppression of piracy, July, 1350.

560 Letter Book F, fos. 187b, 188b.

561 Avesbury (Rolls Series No. 93), p. 412.

562 Letter Book F, fos. 174, 176.

M313 Charter relative to the City's gold mace, 10 June, 1354.

563 Rot. Parl., ii, 155.

M314 Renewal of war with France, 1355.

564 Letter Book G, fo. 47.—Their cost, amounting to nearly L500, was assessed on the wards.

M315 Battle of Poitiers, 19 Sept., 1356

565 Letter Book G, fo. 53b. (Memorials, pp. 285-289).

566 Walshingham (Rolls Series No. 28), i, 283. Chron. Angliae (Rolls Series No. 64), p. 37.

567 Letter Book G, fos. 65-67.

M316 Grievances of the city laid before the king.

568 Letter Book G, fo. 60.

569 Relief on this point was afforded by the king in February, 1359, by the issue of a writ to the effect that the names of his purveyors should be handed to the Mayor and Sheriffs of London, and that the purveyors shall not seize any victuals until they had shown and read their commission.—Letter Book G, fo. 74.

M317 Edward's last invasion of France, 1359-1360.

570 Walsingham, i, 288.

M318 The peace of Bretigny, 1360.

571 Letter Book G, fo. 133.

572 Stow's Survey (Thom's ed. 1876), pp. 41, 90.—If we include David, King of Denmark (as some do), the number of kings entertained on this occasion was five, and to this day the toast of "Prosperity to the Vintners' Company" is drunk at their banquets with five cheers in memory of the visit of the five crowned heads.—See a pamphlet entitled The Vintners' Company with Five, by B. Standring, Master of the Company in 1887.

M319 England at peace, 1360-1369.

573 Letter Book G, fo. 133.—The list of subscribers, as printed in Herbert's Introduction to his History of the Twelve Great Livery Companies (p. 32), is very inaccurately transcribed.

M320 The renewal of the war, 1369.

574 -Id., fo. 158.

575 -Id., fos. 225b, 226b, 235b, 236b.

576 -Id., fo. 228b.

M321 City loans, 1370-1371.

577 Letter Book G, fo. 247b.—The money was advanced on the security of Exchequer bills. The names of the contributors and the several sums contributed, covering three folios of the Letter Book, have been for some reason erased.

578 -Id., fos. 263, 270.

M322 New form of taxation, 1371.

579 Fasciculi Zizaniorum (Rolls Series No. 5), introd., p. xxviii.

580 Letter Book G, fos. 274b-275.

581 -Id., fo. 268.

582 Letter Book G, fos. 268b, 270.

583 The number of parishes is elsewhere given as 110.—Id., fo. 275. A list of London benefices, under date 31 Edward I [1302-3], is given in the City's Liber Custumarum (i, 228-230), the number being 116.

M323 The city as an ecclesiastical centre.

584 Ralph de Diceto (Rolls Series No. 68), pref. vol. i, p. lvi.

585 Chron. Edward I and II, introd., vol. i., p. xli.

M324 The prosecution of the war, 1371-1375.

586 Letter Book G, fo. 271. (Memorials, pp. 350-352).

587 -Id., fo. 289b.

588 Walsingham, i, 315.

589 Letter Book G, fos. 297, 298, 304b, 306b, 307.

590 Letter Book G, fo. 312b. Letter Book H, fos. 17-19b.

M325 Charges against city aldermen, 1376.

591 The parliament was originally summoned for the 12th February, but did not meet before the 28 April. The city members were John Pyel and William Walworth, Aldermen, William Essex and Adam Carlile, commoners.—Letter Book H. fos. 28. 29.

592 Chron. Angliae (Rolls Series No. 64), 78, 79.

593 Walsingham i, 321. Higden's Polychron (Rolls Series No. 41), viii, 385. Chron. Angliae (Rolls Series No. 64), pp. 94, 392.

594 Letter Book H, fo. 45b.

M326 A new system of election by the guilds, instead of the wards, introduced, 1376.

595 See the king's letter, dated "Haddele" Castle, 29 July, 1376.—Letter Book H, fo. 44.

596 The names of the representatives of the guilds forming the first Common Council of the kind are placed on record.—Letter Book H, fos. 46b, 47.

597 -Id., fo. 44b.

598 Letter Book H, fo. 46.

599 -Id., fos. 47, 161; Journal 11, fo. 89.

600 Charter, dated 26 May, 15 Edward III, Supra p. 188.

M327 The old system of election by wards reverted to in 1384.

601 Letter Book H, fo. 173.—The names of those elected by the wards to the Common Council two years later (9 Ric. II), are inserted on a cedula between membranes, 15 and 16, of Pleas and Memoranda, Roll A 27.

M328 Proceedings against Alice Perers, the king's mistress, 1376.

602 Walsingham, i, 327. Chron. Angliae, pp. 142, 143. Modern writers, however, have discovered some good qualities in this lady.—See Notes and Queries, 7th Series, vol. vii, pp. 449, et seq.

603 Chron. Angliae, p. 130.

604 See Hust., Rolls, 95, (130) (13O); 97, (9); 98, (73) (74) (82); 109, (6) (7) (8); also Will of William Burton—Calendar of Wills, Court of Hust., London, ii, 301.

605 Letter Book H, fo. 77b.

606 -Id., fo. 47b.

607 Pat. Roll, 3 Ric. II, part 1.

M329 Charter forbidding free trade to merchant strangers, 4 Dec., 1376. M330 Hostility between the City and Lancaster.

608 "Ut de cetero non major, antiquo more, sed capitaneus Londoniis haberetur, et quod Marescallus Angliae in illa civitate, sicut alibi, reos arestare valeret; cum multis petitionibus quae; manifeste obviabant urbis libertatibus et imminebant civium detrimento."—Chron. Angliae, p. 120.

609 Chron. Angliae, pp. 123-125, 397; Walsingham, i, 325.

M331 Interview between the king and the citizens to explain matters.

610 Chron. Angliae, pp. 125, 398.

611 -Id., pp. 127, 128.

612 Chron. Angliae, p. 129.

M332 Another interview with the king at Shene.

613 Letter Book H, fos. 58, 59.

614 Chron. Angliae, p. 134.

M333 The king's death, 21 June, 1377.

615 Chron. Angliae, p. 129.

616 -Id., pp. 136-137, 142-143.

M334 Reconciliation between Lancaster and the City, 1377.

617 Chron. Angliae, pp. 146-149. The chronicler expresses the utmost joy and astonishment at the sudden change in the duke's manner. It was (he says) nothing less than a miracle that one who had so recently demanded a present of precious stones and 100 tuns of wine, as the price of his favour, should now appear so complacent.

618 -Id., pp. 150, 151.

M335 The coronation of Richard II, 16 July, 1377.

619 "Londonienses praecipue obloquebantur, dicentes jam perpaucorum proceruin corda fore cum Rege, eos solos sibi fideles esse; quorum Rex licet ironice, vocabatur a nonnullis proceribus, eo quod ipsi multum juvissent eum in coronatione sua."—Walsingham i, 370; Cf. Chron. Angliae, p. 200.

620 Chron. Angliae, p. 153.

621 Lib. Cust. ii, 467, 468. It appears from the City Records, that the king's butler in ordinary could claim the office of Coroner of the city.—See Letter Book H, fos. 68, 77b.

M336 A city loan and parliamentary supplies, 1377.

622 The Isle of Wight had been surprised and taken, Rye had been captured, Hastings had been destroyed by fire, and Winchelsea would have fallen into the hands of the enemy but for the bold defence made by the Abbot of Battle.—Walsingham i, 340-342; Chron. Angliae, pp. 151, 166, 167.

623 Letter Book H, fos. 76-77, 83.

624 Et deputati sunt ad hujus pecuniae custodiam duo cives Londonienses, scilicet Willelmus Walworthe et Johannes Philipot.—Chron. Angliae, p. 171. Eight other citizens, viz., Adam Lovekyn, William Tonge, Thomas Welford, Robert Lucas, John Hadley, John Northampton, John Organ, and John Sely, were appointed collectors of the two fifteenths.—Letter Book H, fo. 90.

M337 Charter granted to the city with the assent of parliament, 4 Dec., 1377.

625 Dated 4 Dec, 1377. Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 9).

626 Letter Book H, fo. 82.

M338 The subsidy taken out of the hands of Walworth and Philipot, 1378.

627 Chron. Angliae, p. 194: Walsingham i, 367. It was stated before parliament, in 1378, that Walworth and Philipot had laid out every penny of the subsidy.—Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 445 note.

M339 Patriotic conduct of John Philipot.

628 Chron. Angliae, pp. 199, 200. Philipot again showed his patriotism in 1380, by providing money and arms for an expedition sent to assist the Duke of Brittany.—Id., p. 266. He died in the summer of 1384.—Walsingham, ii, 115.

629 Letter Book H, fo. 95.

M340 Factions in the City for and against the Duke of Lancaster, 1378.

630 "Et idcirco locum illum elegerant praemeditato facinori; ne Londonienses, si Londoniis fuisset Parliamentum praedictum, sua auctoritate vel potentia eorum conatus ullatenus impedirent."—Walsingham, i, 380.

631 Letter Book H, fo. 101b. (Memorials, p. 427).

M341 The Earl of Buckingham and his partizans withdraw themselves and their custom from the City, 1378.

632 Letter Book H, fos. 109b, 110.

M342 Another City loan of L5,000, Feb., 1379.

633 -Id., fos. 107, 108, 109.

M343 The poll-tax of 1379.

634 -Id., fos. 111b, 113.

M344 Renewal of the poll-tax, 1380.

635 Letter Book H, fos. 128, 132.

M345 The peasants' revolt under Wat Tyler, 1381.

636 The story of the insurrection under Wat Tyler, and of his death at the hands of Walworth, as told in Letter Book H, fo. 133b (Memorials, pp. 449-451), varies in some particulars from that given by Walsingham (i, 454-465), and in the Chronicon Angliae (pp. 285-297).

637 Letter Book H, fo. 134.

M346 Orders given for safeguarding the city, 20 June.

638 -Id., fo. 134b.

639 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 24, membr. 9.

640 Walsingham, i, 467-484; ii, 23.

M347 Confession made by "Jack Straw."

641 Walsingham, ii, 13.

642 -Id., ii, 9, 10.

M348 Revulsion of feeling against the Lollards after the suppression of the peasants' revolt, 1382.

643 Letter Book H, fos. 149b, 150.

M349 Reforms in the city during Northampton's first mayoralty, 1381-1382.

644 "Homo duri cordis et astutus, elatus propter divitias et superbus, qui nec inferioribus adquiescere, nec superiorum allegationibus sive monitis flecti valeret quin quod inceperat proprio ingenio torvo proposito ad quemcunque finem perducere niteretur."—Walsingham, ii, 65.

645 Letter Book H, fo. 144. (Memorials, p. 463).

646 Letter Book H, fo. 146b.

647 -Id., fos. 153-154.

M350 Northampton re-elected mayor at the king's request, Oct., 1382.

648 Walsingham, ii, 71. From the City's Records it appears that early in 1383, William Baret was alderman of Philipot's ward (Cornhill); but in the following year, when Brembre succeeded to his mayoralty, and the so-called "king's party" was again in the ascendant, Philipot again appears as alderman of his old ward, continuing in office until his death (12 Sept., 1384), when he was succeeded by John Rote.—Letter Book H, fos. 163, 174.

649 Letter Book H, fo. 155b.

650 Letter Book H, fo. 154.

M351 Brembre succeeds Northampton in the mayoralty, Oct., 1383.

651 Letter Book H, fo. 168. Three years later, "the folk of the Mercerye of London" complained to parliament that Brembre and his "upberers" had on this occasion obtained his election by force—"through debate and strenger partye."—(Rot., Parl. iii, 225). There is no evidence of this in the City's Records, although there appears to have been a disturbance at his re-election in 1384. It may be to this that the Mercers' petition refers. It is noteworthy that at the time of his election in 1383, Brembre was not an alderman, although in the previous year, and again in the year following his election, he is recorded as Alderman of Bread Street Ward.—Letter Book H, fos. 140, 163, 174.

652 Breve quod piscenarii libertatis civitatis Londoniae exerceant artem suam ut consueverunt. Dated 27 Nov., 1383.—Letter Book H, fo. 172.

653 -Id., fos. 154-154b, 176-177.

M352 Richard's second charter to the City, 26 Nov., 1383.

654 Dated 26 Nov., 7 Ric. II. Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 9).

655 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 27, membr. 3 dors.

656 Letter Book H, fos. 166, 167.

M353 Proceedings against Northampton.

657 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 27, membr. 3.

658 Writ dated 9 February; Letter Box H, fo. 173b.

659 -Id., fos. 173b, 174b.

660 -Id., fo. 174.

M354 Trial of Northampton at Reading.

661 Letter Book H, fo. 179.

662 Letter Book H, fo. 179b; Walsingham, ii, 116.

663 Hidgen, Polychron. (Rolls Series No. 41), ix, 45 seq.

M355 Is committed to Tintagel Castle.

664 "Haec autem omnia sibi fieri procurarunt aemuli piscarii, ut dicebabur, quia per illos stetit quod ars et curia eorum erant destructae."—Higden, ix, 49.

M356 Brembre's re-election to the mayoralty, Oct., 1384.

665 Letter Book H, fo. 92. (Memorials, pp. 415-417).

666 Letter Book H, fo. 182. The names of those specially summoned are set out in Pleas and Mem., Roll A 27, membr. 15.

667 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 27, membr. 4, 5 and 6.

668 Higden, ix, 50, 51.

669 Letter Book H, fo. 182.

M357 Renewed efforts to obtain Northampton's release, March, 1386.

670 Letter Book H, fo. 198b.

671 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 27, membr. 26.

672 Letters patent of pardon received the king's sign manual on the 3 June, 1386 (Letter Book H, fo. 216), but the prisoners were not released before April in the following year.—See Higden, Polychron. ix, 93.

M358 A book of ordinances, known as "Jubilee," burnt by order of mayor, Exton, March, 1387.

673 Letter Book H, fo. 214. (Memorials, p. 494).

674 Rot. Parl. iii, 227, cited by Riley in his "Memorials," p. 494, note.

675 Letter Book H, fo. 176b.

M359 Further efforts to secure Northampton's release, 1387.

676 This letter, which was dated the 27 April, was delivered to Lord Zouche at his house by John Reche, Common Pleader, and Ralph Strode and John Harwell, Sergeants-at-Arms.—Letter Book H, fo. 215b.

M360 Northampton set free, 27 April, 1387.

677 "Super quo dominus Rex respondit quod licet in sua potestate fuerat cum ipsis, Johanne, Johanne et Ricardo agere graciose bene tamen sibi provideret priusquam foret eis graciam concessurus."—Letter Book H, fo. 215b.

678 Higden, Polychron. ix, 93.

679 Letter Book H, fo. 222.

M361 Letter from the mayor to the king, 5 Oct.

680 The oath as set out in the letter to the king differs from another copy of the oath, which immediately precedes the letter in Letter Book H, fos. 220b, 221; a clause having been subsequently added to the latter to the effect that the swearer abjured the opinions of Northampton and his followers, and would oppose their return within the bounds and limits set out in the king's letters patent.

M362 The king's reply, 7 Oct.

681 Letter Book H, fo. 222.

682 Letter Book H, fo. 223b.

M363 The Parliament of 1386.

683 Walsingham, ii, 150.

M364 Appointment of a Commission of Regency. M365 The Commission declared illegal. M366 Richard applies to the City for assistance.

684 Higden, Polychron. ix, 104.

685 Letter Book H, fo. 223b.

M367 The king's advisers charged with treason, 14 Nov.

686 Higden, Polychron. ix, 106; Walsingham, ii, 166.

M368 The mayor and aldermen summoned to Windsor, 28 Nov.

687 Letter Book H, fo. 223b. (Memorials, p. 449.)

688 Higden, Polychron. ix, 108-109.

M369 Richard obliged to submit. M370 Flight of the accused.

689 "Londonienses ... mobiles erant ut arundo, et nunc cum Dominis, nunc cum Rege, sentiebant, nusquam stabiles sed fallaces."—Hist. Angliae, ii, 161.

690 Higden, Polychron. ix, 108; Walsingham, ii, 169.

691 Pleas and Mem., Roll A, membr. 7.

M371 The lords appellant admitted into the city, Dec., 1387.

692 Higden, ix, 111-114; Walsingham, ii, 170, 171; Engl. Chron. (Camd. Soc. No. 64), p. 5.

M372 The lords at the Guildhall, 18 Jan., 1388.

693 Higden, ix, 117, 118.

M373 Trial of Brembre before parliament, Feb., 1388.

694 Howell's State Trials, i, 115.

M374 Conviction and sentence of death.

695 Higden, Polychron. ix, 168.

696 State Trials, i, 118, 119.

M375 Character of Brembre as depicted by Walsingham.

697 Walsingham, ii, 165-174.

M376 Deaths of Tressilian and Uske.

698 Higden, ix, 167-169.

M377 The proceedings of the "merciless" parliament confirmed by oath.

699 Letter Book H, fo. 228.

M378 Party spirit in the city, 1388-1389.

700 Letter Book H, fo, 161.

701 -Id., fo. 126; Higden ix, 179.

702 Letter Book H, fos. 234, 234b.

703 Higden ix, 217.

M379 The return of Northampton to the city, 1390.

704 Higden ix, 238, 239.

705 Letters patent, date, 2 Dec, 1390.—Letter Book H, fo. 255; Higden ix, 243.

706 Letter Book H, fo. 259. (Memorials, p. 526.).

707 -Id., fo. 300.

M380 Proclamation enforcing knighthood, Feb., 1392.

708 -Id., fo. 270.

M381 The mayor summoned to Nottingham, June, 1392.

709 Higden, ix, 270. According to Walsingham (Hist. Angl. ii, 208), the Lombard failed to get the money from the citizens, who nearly killed him when they learnt his purpose.

710 The names of the citizens chosen for the occasion are given by Higden (Polychron. ix, 269, 270), and in Letter Book H, fo. 270.

711 The reason given in the City Records for the dismissals which followed is stated to be "certain defects in a commission under the common seal and other causes."—Letter Book H, fo. 270b.

M382 The mayor and sheriffs committed to prison, June, 1392.

712 Higden, Polychron. ix, 272; Walsingham, ii, 208-209.

M383 Sir Edward Dalyngrigge appointed warden of the city, July, 1392.

713 Higden, ix, 273; Letter Book H, fo. 270b.

714 Letter Book H, fo. 275b.

715 -Id., fo. 273.

M384 The City fined L100,000, July, 1392.

716 Letter Book H, fo. 269b; Higden, ix, 267. Walsingham (ii, 213) suggests that this was done at the instance of the Archbishop of York, the Chancellor.

717 "Putabant isti officiarii per hoc non modicum damnificare civitatem Lundoniae, sed potius hoc multo majora damna intulerunt regi et hominibus regni quam jam dictae civitati."—Higden, ix, 267-268.

718 Walsingham, ii, 210.

719 Higden, ix, 273.

720 Letters Patent of pardon, dated Woodstock, 19 September, 1392. Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 6).

721 Higden. ix, 274, 276, 278; Letter Book H, fos. 271b, 272, 274. Notwithstanding these remissions, the city was mulcted, according to Waisingham (ii, 211), in no less a sum than L10,000 before it received its liberties.—Cf. Chron. of London, 1089-1483 (ed. by Sir H. Nicolas, sometimes called "Tyrrell's Chronicle," from a City Remembrancer of that name), p. 80.

M385 Municipal reforms, 1393.

722 Stat. 17, Ric. II, c. 13; Letter Book H, fos. 290b, 291.; Bohun, "Privilegia Londini" (ed. 1723), p. 57.

M386 Change of conduct on the part of Richard, 1394-1398.

723 Higden, ix, 274.

724 Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 489-490.

725 Letter Book H, fo. 314.

726 Engl. Chron. (Camd. Soc. No. 64), p. 12.

727 "Also this yere (1397-8), by selying of blank chartres, the Citie of London paied to the kyng a ml li."—Chron. of London (ed. by Sir H. Nicolas); p. 83.

M387 The landing of Henry of Lancaster, July, 1399.

728 Letters Patent, dat. 9 May, 1399.—Letter Book H, fo. 326. Richard set sail on the 29th.

M388 Richard's surrender and deposition from the crown.

729 "Douze cent hommes de Londres, tous armes et montes a cheval."—Froissart (ed. Lyon, 1559), vol. iv, c. 108, p. 328. In Lord Berner's translation of Froissart (iv, 566), the number is wrongly given as 12,000.

M389 Doubtful reports as to the late king's death.

730 Walsingham, ii, 245, 246.

731 Walsingham, ii, 262-264. Serle's Christian name is given elsewhere as John.—Eng. Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 30. The writ for his execution is dated 5 August, 1404.—Letter Book I, fo. 31b.

M390 The "Trumpington" Conspiracy, 1416-1420.

732 Letter Book I, fo. 180b. (Memorials, pp. 638-641). Walsingham, ii, 317.

733 City Records Journal, I, fo. 83b. We have now a series of MS. Volumes among the City's archives known as "Journals" to assist us. They contain minutes of proceedings of the Court of Common Council, just as the "Repertories" (which we shall have occasion to consult later on), contain a record of the proceedings of the Court of Aldermen. The Letter Books may now be regarded as "fair copies" of the more important of the proceedings of both Courts.

M391 Proceedings against the Lollards.

734 Letter Book H, fo. 307b. The Lollards are said to have derived their name from a low German word lollen, to sing or chant, from their habit of chanting, but their clerical opponents affected to derive it from the Latin lolium, as if this sect were as tares among the true wheat of the church.

735 Letter Book I, fo. 125b-132.

736 -Id., fo. 130b.

737 -Ibid.

M392 The statute of heresy, 1401.

738 Letter Book I, fo. 11b.

739 He appears, however, to have burnt by a special order of the king, before the passing of the statute.—See Fasc. Zizan. (Rolls Series No. 5), Introd. p. lxix.

M393 Henry's other troubles.

740 A curious story is told of boys in the streets playing at England and Scotland at this time, with the result that what began in play ended in fighting and loss of life.—See Chron. Mon. S. Albani (Rolls Series No. 28, 3), p. 332.

741 Letter Book I, fo. 16.

M394 Supplies granted by parliament in 1404.

742 Letter Book I, fo. 27; Chron. Mon. S. Albani (Rolls Series No. 28, 3), p. 379.

M395 More city loans in 1409 & 1412.

743 Letter Book I, fo. 89b.

744 -Id., fo. 113.

745 -Id., fo. 108b.

746 Letter Book I, fo. 112b.

747 Exchequer Roll, Lay Subsidy, 144-20.—See Archaeological Journal, vol. xliv, 56-82.

M396 Whitington mayor for the third time, 1406.

748 Letter Book I, fo. 54. (Memorials pp. 563-564.)

749 License, dated Westminster, 29 May, 12 Henry IV (A.D. 1411).—Letter Book I, fo. 103b. In 1417 the mayor and aldermen ordained that the rector of St. Peter's for the time being should in future take precedence of the rectors of all other city churches, on the ground that Saint Peter's was the first church founded in the city of London, having been built in 199 by King Lucius, and for 400 years or more held the metropolitan chair.—Letter Book I, fo. 203. (Memorials, pp. 651-653.) Cf. Journal 1, fo. 21b.

M397 Further proceedings against Oldcastle and the Lollards, 1413.

750 "Eminentissima turris Ecclesiae Anglicanae et pugil invictus Dominus Thomas de Arundelia."—Hist. Angl. ii, 300.

M398 Meeting of Lollards in St. Giles' Fields, 12 Jan., 1414.

751 A certain William Fyssher, a parchemyner or parchment-maker of London, was afterwards (1416) convicted of assisting in Oldcastle's escape, and was executed at Tyburn.—Letter Book I, fo. 181b. (Memorials, p. 641.)

752 Walsingham, ii, 292-299; Fasc. Zizan. (Rolls Series No. 5), 433-449; Chron. of London (ed. by Sir H. Nicolas), p. 97.

753 Letter Book I, fos. 286-290.

M399 The last Statute against the Lollards, 1414.

754 2 Hen. V. Stat. i, c. 7.

755 It was not, however, the last occasion upon which parliamentary action was attempted. In 1422, and again in 1425, the Lollards were formidable in London, and parliament on both occasions ordered that those who were in prison should be delivered at once to the Ordinary, in accordance with the provisions of this Statute.—Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 81, 363.

M400 The king's offer of pardon refused by Oldcastle, 1415.

756 Letter Book I, fo. 147.

757 Walsingham, ii, 306, 307.

M401 Trial and execution of Cleydon, a Lollard, 1415.

758 Hist. Angl., ii, 307.

759 Letter Book I, fol. 154.

760 See letter from the mayor to the king, giving an account of Cleydon's trial, 22nd August, 1415.—Letter Book I, fo. 155. (Memorials, p. 617). Foxe, "Acts and Monuments," iii, 531-534.

M402 Oldcastle taken and executed, 1417.

761 Walsingham, ii, 327, 328.

762 Engl. Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 46; Chron. of London (Nicolas), p. 106.

763 Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii., 363, 364.

M403 Preparations for the invasion of France, 1414-1415. M404 A question of precedence in the city.

764 Letter Book I, fo. 150. This "very antient memorandum" of the Lord Mayor's precedence in the City was submitted to Charles II in 1670, when that monarch insisted upon Sir Richard Ford, the Lord Mayor of the day, giving "the hand and the place" to the Prince of Orange (afterwards William III of England), on the occasion of the prince being entertained by the City.—Repertory, 76, fos. 28b, 29.

765 Letter Book I, fo. 158b. (Memorials, p. 613).

766 -Id., fo. 157.

M405 The king takes leave of the citizens on Blackheath, June, 1415.

767 Gregory's Chron. (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 17), pp. 108-109. Gregory was an alderman of the City, and an eye-witness of much that he relates.

768 Letter dated 2nd August—the day on which Sir Thomas Grey, one of the chief conspiritors was executed.—Letter Book I, fo. 180.

M406 The capture of Harfleur, 18 Sept., 1415.

769 Letter Book I, fo. 143. (Memorials, p. 619).

M407 Volunteers for service in France required, Oct., 1415. M408 Citizens invited to reside in Harfleur.

770 Letter Book I, fo. 177.

M409 Joy in the city at the news of the battle of Agincourt, Oct., 1415. M410 The citizens welcome the king on his return from France.

771 Letter Book I, fo. 159. (Memorials, pp. 620, 622).

772 "Quali gaudio, quali tripudio, quali denique triumpho, sit acceptus a Londoniensibus, dicere praetermitto. Quia revera curiositas apparatumn, nimietas expensarum, varietates spectaculorum, tractatus exigerent merito speciales."—Walsingham, ii, 314.

773 Chron. of London (Nicolas), p. 103.

M411 Preparations for another expedition, 1416-1417.

774 Letter Book I, fo. 178b. Other proclamations on the same subject are recorded in the same place, most of which will be found in "Memorials" (pp. 627-629).

775 Letter Book I, fo. 190b.

776 -Id., fos. 188, 188b.

M412 City loans, 1417.

777 Letter Book I, fo. 191b.

778 Letter Book I, fo. 218b. In May, 1419, the sword was surrendered, and the security changed to one on wool, woolfells, &c.—Id., fo. 227b.

M413 Letter from the king to the City announcing his success, 9 Aug., 1417. M414 Another letter informing them of the capture of Caen, 5 Sept.

779 Letter Book I, fo. 229. (Memorials, p. 654.)

780 Journal 1, fo. 30b.

781 Letter Book I, fo. 200b. (Memorials, p. 657.)

782 Letter, dated Caen, 11 September.—Letter Book I, fo. 200b.

M415 Proclamation by the Duke of Bedford, 18 Oct. M416 Supplies granted by parliament, Dec, 1417.

783 Writ, dated 18th Oct.—Letter Book I, fo. 203.

784 Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 89.

785 Letter Book I, fo. 222.

M417 Henry's conquest of Normandy, 1417-1419.

786 Letter Book I, fos. 211b, 212b, 217. Proclamations made by the civic authorities at this time were subscribed "Carpenter"—the name of the Common Clerk or Town Clerk of the City. The custom of the Town Clerk of London for the time being, signing official documents of this kind with his surname alone, continues at the present day.

787 Letter Book I, fo. 215b.

788 Letter Book I, fo. 216. (Memorials, p. 664).

789 Letter Book I, fo. 216. On the 15th September the question of payment to the brewers, wine drawers and turners of the cups was considered.—Journal I, fo. 48. (Memorials, pp. 665, 666).

790 Gregory's Chron. (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 17), 1222.

791 Letter Book I, fos. 236, 236b.

M418 The king's letter to the City, 17 Aug., 1419.

792 Letter Book I, fo. 237. (Memorials, p. 674).

M419 The treaty of Troyes, 20 May. 1420.

793 -Id., fo. 241b.

794 Letter Book I, fo. 252.

795 Walsingham, ii, 335.

M420 The king's letter to the City, 12 July, 1420. M421 The mayor's reply, 2 Aug.

796 Letter Book I, fo. 263.

M422 The queen's coronation.

797 Letter Book I, fo. 259. According to Walsingham (ii, 336), the ceremony took place on the first Sunday in Lent.

798 Walsingham, ii, 336, 337.

M423 Henry's last expedition, and death, Aug., 1422.

799 Parliament voted a fifteenth and a tenth to assist the king in his necessities; John Gedney, alderman, John Perneys, John Bacon, grocer, and John Patesley, goldsmith, being appointed commissioners to levy the same within the City.—Letter Book I, fo. 277b.

800 Letter Book K, fo. 1b.

M424 Rivalry between Bedford and Gloucester, 1422.

801 Letter Book I, fo. 282b.

802 Letter Book I, fo. 282b; Letter Book K, fo. 12.

803 Letter Book K, fo. 2.

804 Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 97.

M425 An expedition to start for France, 1 March, 1423.

805 Letter Book K, fos. 10, 10b.

M426 Sir John Mortimer.

806 -Id., fo. 15b.

M427 The debts of Henry IV.

807 Letter Book K, fos. 10-18.

M428 Gloucester and Beaufort, 1425-1428.

808 Chron. London (Nicolas), p. 114; Gregory's Chron. (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 17), p. 159; Engl. Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 64), pp. 53, 54.

809 See two letters from the mayor.—Letter Book K, fos. 18b, 21.

810 Gregory's Chron., p. 160.

M429 End of the quarrel between Gloucester and Beaufort.

811 -Id., p. 162.

M430 Gloucester loses the favour of the citizens.

812 Journal 2, fos. 22b, 64b (new pagination).

813 Letter Book K, fo. 50b.

M431 The siege of Orleans, 1428-1429.

814 Gregory's Chron., p. 161.

815 Letter Book K, fo. 55b.

M432 Famine in London, 1429.

816 Letter Book K, fos. 62, 63b; Gregory's Chron., p. 164.

M433 Beaufort joins Bedford in France.

817 Letter Book K, fo. 66b; Gregory's Chron., p. 164.

M434 Allowances made to those representing the City in parliament, 1429.

818 Letter Book K, fo. 68b. In 1443 the Common Council agreed to allow the City members their reasonable expenses out of the chamber (Journal 5, fo. 129b), but when parliament met at Coventry in 1459, the City members were allowed 40s. a day, besides any disbursements they might make in the City's honour (Journal 6, fo. 166b), and the same allowance was made in 1464, when parliament sat at York (Journal 7, fos. 52, 54).

M435 The coronation of Henry VI, 6 Nov., 1429.

819 -Id., fo. 69b.

820 Gregory's Chron., pp. 164-168.

821 City Records, Liber Dunthorn, fo. 61b; Letter Book K, fo. 70.

822 Cal. of Wills, Court of Husting, London, ii, 509.

M436 Sets out for France, April, 1430. M437 And is crowned in Paris, Dec., 1431.

823 Letter Book K, fo. 84.

824 A long account of his entry into the French capital, and of the pageantry in honour of the occasion, is set out in full in the City's Records.—Letter Book K, fos. 101b-103.

M438 The citizens welcome him on his return, 1432. M439 The mayor and aldermen present him with a gift of L1,000.

825 A full descriptive account of Henry's reception on his return from France is set out in the City Records (Letter Book K, fos. 103b-104b). It purports to be an account sent by John Carpenter, the Town Clerk, to a friend, and has been printed at the end of the Liber Albus (Rolls Series); Cf. Gregory's Chron., pp. 173-175.

M440 Gloucester's attacks on Beaufort and Bedford, 1432-1433.

826 He informed the City of his intention by letter, dated from Ghent the 13th April.—Letter Book K, fo. 105.

827 Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 114-117.

M441 Financial reform, 1433.

828 Letter Book K, fo. 137b.

829 Letter Book K, fo. 138.

M442 The death of Bedford, 14 Sept., 1435.

830 Gregory's Chron., p. 177.

M443 Calais appeals to London for assistance, 27 June, 1436.

831 Letter Book K, fo. 148.

832 "And that same yere (1437), the Mayre of London sende, by the good a-vyse and consent of craftys, sent sowdyers to Calys, for hyt was sayde that the Duke of Burgone lay sege unto Calis."—Gregory's Chron. p. 178.

833 Letter Book K, fos. 160-162.

834 Gregory's Chron. p. 179.

M444 A tax imposed on aliens, 1439.

835 Letter Book K. fo. 183b. The tax was found to be so successful that it was subsequently renewed. In 1453 it was renewed for the king's life.—Id., fo. 280b.

M445 The penance of Eleanor Cobham, Gloucester's wife, 1441.

836 Journal 3, fo. 103b.

837 Chron. of London (Nicolas), p. 129.

M446 The king's charter to the City, 26 Oct., 1444.

838 The validity as well as the effect of this charter (which is preserved in the Town Clerk's office) has been made the subject of much controversy, some contending that it is in effect a grant of the soil of the river from Staines to Yantlet, that being the extent of the City's liberties on the Thames, whilst others restrict the grant to the City's territorial limits, i.e., from Temple Bar to the Tower.