 |
Treatment.—In acute inflammation, antiphlogistic applications are indicated and the subject must be kept quiet. The matter of bandaging the hock is a difficult problem in some cases and needs be done with care. As has been previously stated in this volume, the tarsus needs to be well padded with cotton before the bandages are applied and only a moderate degree of tension is employed in applying the bandages lest anemic-necrosis result from pressure. In distension of the superficial bursa, after clipping the hair over a liberal area and preparing the skin by thoroughly cleansing and painting with tincture of iodin, the capsule is incised with a bistoury. An incision about an inch in length, situated low enough to provide drainage, is made through the tissues and the contents are evacuated. Tincture of iodin is injected into the cavity and the parts are covered with cotton and bandaged. No after-care is necessary except to retain the dressing in position, which is not difficult in the average case if the subject is kept tied. If much resistance is exhibited, such as extreme flexion of the bandaged hock, the animal may be put in a sling and little if any objection to the bandage will be offered thereafter. The wound may be dressed at the end of forty-eight hours and no redressing will be necessary in the average instance if infection is not present. But slight local disturbance and little distress to the subject result in cases so treated even when infection occurs, but a good technic is possible of execution in most instances and no infection should take place.
The surgical wound heals in two or three weeks and inflammation gradually subsides. Bandages are retained one or two weeks, as the case may require, and subsequently a good wound lotion may be employed several times daily. A good lotion for such cases as well as in many others has long been employed with success by Dr. A. Trickett of Kansas City. It consists of approximately equal parts of glycerin, alcohol and distilled extract of witch hazel, to which is added liquor cresolis compositus, two percent, and coloring matter q.s.
Complete resolution does not occur in the average case. There remains some hyperplastic tissue and even where the enlargement is slight, the prominent situation of the affection precludes its being unnoticed.
In disease of the flexor tendon and its bursa where contiguous inflammation of tissue is present, the parts are blistered or fired. Line firing is beneficial in such instances but in all cases the cause is to be removed if possible.
Rupture and Division of the Long Digital Extensor (Extensor Pedis).
Etiology and Occurrence.—Because of the fact that the long digital extensor is the only extensor of the phalanges of the pelvic limb, its rupture or division constitutes a troublesome condition, which in some cases does not readily respond to treatment.
Rupture of this tendon may occur during work on rough and uneven roads, particularly in range horses that are ridden over ground that is burrowed by gophers or prairie dogs; in such cases, horses are apt to suddenly and violently turn the foot in position of volar flexion, thereby causing undue strain to the digital extensor and its rupture sometimes follows. In foals of one or two days of age, this tendon is sometimes found parted or ruptured and the condition may be bilateral.
As the result of accidents, the digital extensor may be divided and when the wound becomes contaminated, as it does because of the marked volar flexion (knuckling) which occurs during the course of this affection, regeneration of tissue is checked and recovery is tardy.
Symptomatology.—There is no interference with ability to sustain weight in such cases, when the foot is placed in normal position; but immediately upon attempting to walk, the toe is dragged, and if weight is borne with the affected member, it comes upon the anterior face of the fetlock. The flexors are not antagonized and if there be an open wound the parts soon become contaminated; or, in rupture, if animals travel about very much, there soon occurs necrosis of the tissues of the anterior fetlock region and the condition is rendered incurable. Cases are reported of animals that have suffered rupture of the long digital extensor and the subjects learned to throw the member forward during extension, substituting for the extensor tendon the pendulum-like momentum which the foot affords when so employed; and a walking and even a trotting pace was possible without doing injury to the fetlock region.
Where a subcutaneous division exists as in rupture, the divided ends of the tendon may be definitely recognized by palpation.
Treatment.—Subjects are best put in slings and kept so confined until regeneration of tendinous structures has been completed. This requires from six weeks to two months' time. In addition, the extremity is kept in a state of extension by means of suitable splints and shoes,—a shoe equipped with an extension at the toe and perforated so that a steel brace may be hooked into the perforation and the brace fashioned to be buckled to the upper metatarsal region. When braces are placed in front of the foot, great care is necessary in properly padding the member with cotton lest sloughing from pressure occurs at the coronet; but this does not apply in rupture of extensors so much as where flexors are ruptured.
Open wounds are treated along general surgical lines, dressed as frequently as occasion demands, and recovery will be complete in a few months' time unless much of the tendon has been destroyed. In one instance, the author had occasion to observe such a condition, which, because of the extensive destruction of tendon and lack of facilities for giving proper attention to the subject, results were so unfavorable that it was deemed necessary to destroy the animal.
Wounds From Interfering.
When, during locomotion, injury is inflicted upon the mesial side of an extremity by the swinging foot of the other member, the condition is termed interfering.
Etiology and Occurrence.—Faulty conformation, bad shoeing and over-work are the principal causes of interfering. Horses that are "base narrow" or that have crooked legs are quite apt to interfere. Shoes that are put on a foot that is not level or applied in a twisted position, or shoes wide at the heel will often cause interfering and injury. Animals that are driven at fast work until they become nearly exhausted may be expected to interfere. Such cases are frequently observed in young horses that are driven over rough roads, particularly when so nearly exhausted or weakened from disease or inanition that the feet are dragged forward rather than picked up and advanced in the normal manner.
Symptomatology.—Wounds inflicted by striking the extremities in this manner present various appearances and occasion dissimilar manifestations. The hind legs are almost as frequently affected as the front and the fetlock region is most often injured, though wounds may be inflicted to the coronet. In front, the carpus is sometimes the site of injury.
When only an abrasion is caused, little if any lameness occurs, but where interfering is continued and nerves are involved or subfascial infection and extensive inflammation succeed such abrasions, marked lameness and evidence of great pain are manifested. Frequently, in chronic cases affecting the hind leg, the fetlock assumes large proportions, and at times during the course of every drive the subject strikes the inflamed part, immediately flexing and abducting the injured member, and the victim hops on the other leg until pain has somewhat subsided.
Interfering is much more serious in animals that are used at fast work than in draft horses. In light-harness or saddle horses, it may render the subject practically valueless or unserviceable if the condition cannot be corrected.
Treatment.—Wherever possible, cause is to be removed and if animals are properly used, ordinary interfering wounds will yield to treatment. If the shoeing is faulty, this should be corrected, the foot properly prepared and leveled before being shod and suitable shoes applied. In young animals that become "leg-weary" from constant overwork, rest and recuperation are necessary to enhance recovery. In such cases it will be found that very light shoes, frequently reset, will tend to prevent injury to the fetlock region such as characterizes these injuries of hind legs.
Palliative measures of various kinds are employed where cause is not to be removed and a degree of success attends such effort. In draft horses or animals that are used at a slow pace, shields of various kinds are strapped to the extremity and protection is thus afforded. Or, large encircling pads of leather, variously constructed, serve to cause the subject to walk with the extremities apart.
Interfering shoes of different types are of material benefit in many instances. Often the principle upon which corrective shoeing is based is that the mesial (inner) side of the foot is too low; the foot is consequently leveled and the inner branch of the shoe is made thicker than the outer, altering the position of the foot in this way. This is productive of desirable results. However, much depends upon the manner in which the foot in motion strikes the weight-bearing member as to the corrective measures that are indicated. This belongs to the domain of pathological shoeing and the reader is referred to works on this subject for further study of this phase of lameness.
Lymphangitis.
Excluding glanders, in the majority of instances, lymphangitis in the horse, such as frequently affects the hind legs, is due to the local introduction of infectious material into the tissues as a result of wounds. However, one may observe in some instances an acute lymphangitis which affects the pelvic limbs of horses and no evidence of infection exists. Consequently, lymphangitis may be considered as infectious and non-infectious.
INFECTIOUS LYMPHANGITIS.
Etiology and Occurrence.—Traumatisms of the legs frequently result in infection and when such injuries are near lymph glands, even though the degree of infection be slight, more or less disturbance of function of the muscles in the vicinity of such glands occurs and lameness follows.
The prescapular, axillary and cubital lymph glands when in a state of inflammation, cause lameness of the front leg, and the superficial inguinal and deep inguinal lymph glands not infrequently become involved also. Because of the location of these lymph glands, they are subject to comparatively frequent injury and inflammation, causing lameness more often than other lymph-gland-affections.
Small puncture wounds in the region of the elbow are often met with. These may be inflicted when horses lie down upon sharp stumps of vegetation or shoe-calk injuries may be the means of introducing contagium, and an infectious inflammation results. Abscess formation, the result of strangles or other infection in the prescapular glands, may be observed at times. Following castration, the inguinal lymph glands may become involved in an infectious inflammation and locomotion is impeded to a marked degree. Horses running at pasture sometimes become injured by trampling upon pieces of wood, causing one end of these or of various implements to become embedded in the soft earth and the other end to enter at the inguinal region and even penetrate the tissues to and through the skin and fascia just below the perineal region.
Nail punctures resulting in infection frequently cause an infectious lymphangitis and a marked and painful swelling of the legs supervenes.
Symptomatology.—Lameness, mixed or swinging-leg, signalizes the presence of acute lymphangitis. There is always more or less swelling present and manipulation of the affected parts gives pain to the subject. Depending upon the character of the infection and its extent, there is presented a varying degree of constitutional disturbance. There may be a rise in temperature of from two to five degrees, and in such instances there is an accelerated pulse. Where much intoxication is present, anorexia and dipsosis are to be noticed.
Swelling may increase gradually and in time discharge of pus may take place spontaneously without drainage being provided for, if the character of the infection does not cause early death. In these cases lameness is pronounced and the cause of the disturbance is to be sought, particularly if the condition be due to a nail puncture.
Treatment.—Location of the site of injury is advisable in all cases and in some instances provision for drainage, as in puncture wounds, is helpful. Locally, curettage and the application of suitable antiseptics are indicated. Hot fomentations are beneficial and should be continued for several days if necessary, to stimulate resolution. A brisk purge should be admintered at the onset and strychnin, because of its indirect stimulative effect upon the circulation together with its tonic effect upon the musculature, is beneficial.
In all such cases rational treatment, good hygiene and careful nursing are the principal factors which stimulate recovery. Individual resistance or lowered vitality has a marked influence on the course of this affection.
NON-INFECTIOUS LYMPHANGITIS.
This type of lymphangitis is associated with, or the result of, a derangement of digestion. It affects heavy draft horses, rarely other types of animals, and involves one or both hind legs.
Occurrence.—In healthy and well nourished horses irregularly used, this affection may suddenly manifest itself. It occurs in singular instances in mares that are in advanced pregnancy even when such animals are at pasture. Usually, however, this malady is found in heavy draft horses that have been kept stabled from one to three days.
Symptomatology.—At the outset in severe cases, there is elevation of temperature, labored breathing, accelerated pulse, anorexia and more or less swelling of the affected members. Swelling is very painful and when the affected legs are palpated, pain is manifested by flinching. The inguinal lymph glands are often swollen but in some cases they are not affected in any perceptible degree. In the average case suppuration does not occur and when conditions are favorable, resolution is complete within ten days. The extent of the involvement and the intensity of the affection vary materially in different cases and a chronic lymphangitis may succeed the acute attacks and finally in some instances, elephantiasis results.
Treatment.—An active purgative should be given at once and in the ordinary case, stimulants are indicated. If marked distress is present, morphin is given and where there is much rise of temperature, cold drinking water is offered in abundance and catharsis is enhanced by enemata. Locally, hot applications are of benefit. Hot towels or cotton held in position by bandages and kept soaked with warm water will relieve pain and stimulate resolution. Diuretics may be of benefit and anodyne applications are to be employed with profit in some cases. Walking exercise, if not indulged in to excess, is helpful as soon as acute inflammation has subsided. By giving careful attention to the regimen and providing regular exercise for susceptible subjects, this type of lymphangitis is often forestalled.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 34: Manual of Veterinary Physiology. Page 610.]
[Footnote 35: Manual of Veterinary Physiology, page 601.]
[Footnote 36: Case report at meeting of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, Jan., 1904, by Dr. S.H. Bauman, Birmingham, Ia.]
[Footnote 37: Regional Veterinary Surgery and Operative Technique, by John A.W. Dollar, M.R.C.V.S., F.R.S.E., M.R.I., page 733.]
[Footnote 38: As quoted by A. Liautard, M.D., V.M., American Veterinary Review, Vol. 37, page 667.]
[Footnote 39: Quoted by Prof. Liautard, American Veterinary Review, Vol. 33, page 190.]
[Footnote 40: Traite de Therapeutique Chirurgical des Animaux Domestique par P.J. Cadiot et J. Almy, Tome second, page 460.]
[Footnote 41: Traite de Therapeutique Chirurgical, Tome second, page 465.]
[Footnote 42: Luxation of the Femur, by Wm. V. Lusk, Veterinary Surgeon, U.S. Cavalry, American Veterinary Review, Vol. 21, page 254.]
[Footnote 43: Because of the intimacy of the psoas major (p. magnus) and the iliacus they are sometimes called iliopsoas.]
[Footnote 44: Dr. John Scott, Peoria, Ill., in The American Veterinary Review, Vol. 16, page 16.]
[Footnote 45: Annotation on Surgical Items, by Drs. L.A. and Edward Merillat, American Veterinary Review, Vol. 31, page 358.]
[Footnote 46: W.L. Williams in American Veterinary Review, Vol. 21, page 452.]
[Footnote 47: Geo. H. Berns, D.V.S., report, American Veterinary Medical Association, 1912, page 238.]
[Footnote 48: Joseph Hughes, M.R.C.V.S., in the Chicago Veterinary College Quarterly Bulletin, Vol. 10, page 15.]
[Footnote 49: Traite de Therap. Chir. Cadiot et Almy, Tome second, page 480.]
[Footnote 50: E. Wallis Hoare, F.R.C.V.S., American Veterinary Review, Vol. 27, page 1189.]
[Footnote 51: Discussions on paper entitled "The Spavin Group of Lamenesses," by W.L. Williams, Carl W. Fisher and D.H. Udall, Proceedings of American Veterinary Medical Association, 1905.]
[Footnote 52: "Hock-Joint Lameness," by Dr. James McDonough, Proceedings of the A.V.M.A., 1913, page 545.]
INDEX
A
Acetabulum, 185
Acute arthritis, 65
Acute laminitis, 162
Acute tendinitis, 135
Affections of blood vessels, 31
Affections of bursae and thecae, 27
Affections of the feet, 34
Affections of ligaments, 20
Affections of lymph vessels and glands, 32
Affections of muscles and tendons, 28
Affections of nerves, 30
Anamnesis, 38
Anatomo-physiological review of parts of fore leg, 55
Anatomo-physiological consideration of the pelvic limbs, 185
Anatomy of the joint capsule, 220
Annular ligament, 58
Antea-spinatus muscle, 65
Anterior brachial region, wounds of, 90
Anterior digital extensor muscle, 193
Arteritis, 209
Artery (brachial), thrombosis of the, 81
Arthritis, 22, 84
Arthritis, acute, 65
Arthritis, chronic, 65
Arthritis, infectious, 66
Arthritis, metastatic, 25
Arthritis of the fetlock joint, 152
Arthritis, rheumatic, 26
Arthritis, scapulohumeral, 65
Arthritis, tarsal, 225
Arthritis, traumatic, 22
Articular ringbone, 121
Articulation, femeropelvic, 185
Articulation, metacarpophalangeal, 58
Articulation, scapulohumeral, 55
Aspiration-and-injection treatment of bog spavin, 244
Aspiration-and-injection treatment of capped hock, 252
Aspiration-and-injection treatment of thoroughpin, 250
Astragalus, 190
Astragalus, fracture of the, 230
Attitude of the subject, 41
Atrophy of the quadriceps muscles, 205
Atrophy, shoulder, 73
B
Biceps brachii, 58, 65, 68, 69
Bicipital bursa, inflammation of, 68
Blood vessels, affections of, 31
Bog spavin, 242
Bog spavin, aspiration-and-injection treatment of, 244
Bog spavin, line firing for, 246
Bog spavin, vesication for, 246
Bone spavin, 235
Bones, degenerative changes in, 16
Bones, tarsal, 190
Bossi's double tarsal neurectomy, 242
Brachial artery, thrombosis of the, 81
Brachial paralysis, 77
Bursa intertubercularis, 62, 69
Bursa podotrochlearis, inflammation of the, 157
Bursae, affections of, 27
Bursitis, 27, 104
Bursitis, infectious, 28
Bursitis in the fetlock region, 150
Bursitis intertubercularis, 68
Bursitis, noninfectious, 28
C
Calcaneo-cuboid ligaments, 190
Calcaneo-metatarsal ligaments, 190
Calcaneum, fracture of the, 230
Calk wounds, 170
Capped hock, 251
Capped hock, aspiration-and-injection treatment of, 252
Capsular ligament, 190
Caput muscles, 71
Carpal bones, fracture of the, 96
Carpal bones, luxation of the, 96
Carpal flexors, contraction of the, 93
Carpal flexors, inflammation of the, 93
Carpal joint, 58
Carpal joint, open, 100
Carpitis, 98
Carpus, inflammation of the, 98
Cartilage, lateral, inflammation of, 174
Cartilages of the third phalanx, ossification of the, 155
Chronic arthritis, 65
Chronic gonitis, 217
Chronic laminitis, 164
Chronic tendinitis, 137
Cochran shoe for dropped soles, 169
Collateral ligaments, 190
Comminuted fractures, 17
Compound fractures, 17
Contracted tendons of foals, 143
Contraction of the carpal flexors, 93
Contraction of the flexor tendons, 137
Contusions of the triceps brachii, 71
Contusive wounds, 85
Coracoradialis, 58
Corns, 172
Coronary region, wounds of the, 170
Corpora oryzoidea, 218
Cotyloid ligament, 185
Courbe, 233
Crepitation, false, 48
Crepitation, true, 47
Crucial ligaments, 188
Crural nerve, paralysis of the, 204
Cunean bursa, 237
Cunean tenotomy, 242
Cuneiform magnum, 191
Cuneiform medium, 191
Curb, 233
D
Deep digital flexor, distension of the tarsal sheath of, 246
Deep flexor tendon (perforans), 60
Degenerative changes in bones, 16
Diagnosis by exclusion, 53
Diagnosis by use of the X-ray, 179
Diagnostic principles, 37
Disease, navicular, 157
Dislocations, 21
Distension of the tarsal joint capsule, 242
Distension of the tarsal sheath of the deep digital flexor, 246
Division of long digital extensor, 253
Dorsal ligaments, 190
Dropped elbow, 71, 80
Dropped soles, shoe for, 169
Dropped stifle, 205
Dry spavin, 225
E
Elbow, dropped, 71, 80
Elbow, inflammation of the, 84
Elbow joint, 58
Elephantiasis, 34
Etiology, general discussion of, 15
Examination by palpation, 43
Examination, special methods of, 53
Examination, visual, 39
Exclusion, diagnosis by, 53
Exostosis of splint bones, 107
Exostosis, phalangeal, 118
Extensor (long digital) rupture and division of, 253
Extensor of the digit, rupture of, 145
Extensor pedis, 60
Extensor pedis, rupture of, 145
Extensor pedis, rupture and division of, 253
F
False crepitation, 48
Feet, affection of the, 34
Femoral nerve, paralysis of the, 204
Femeropatella ligaments, 188
Femeropelvic articulation, 185
Femur, 185, 192
Femur, fracture of the, 199
Femur, luxation of the, 201
Fetlock joint, 58
Fetlock joint, arthritis of the, 152
Fetlock joint, luxation of the, 125
Fetlock joint, open, 110
Fetlock region, thecitis and bursitis in, 148
Fetlock, shoe for bracing the, 181
Fibular tarsal bone, fracture of the, 230
Firing, treatment of ringbone by, 123
First phalanx, 59
"Fish knees", 145
Fixed luxations, 21
Fixed patellar disarticulation, 213
Flexor brachii, 58, 68, 69
Flexor carpiradialis, 93
Flexor carpiulnaris, 93
Flexor metacarpi externus, 94
Flexor metacarpi internus, 93
Flexor metacarpi medius, 93
Flexor metatarsi, 193
Flexor, superficial digital, 194
Flexor tendons, contraction of the, 137
Flexor tendons, inflammation of the, 135
Flexor tendons, rupture of, 146
Flexors of phalanges, open sheath of, 124
Foals, contracted tendons of, 143
Forearm, wounds of, 90
Fore leg, lameness in the, 55
Fracture of the carpal bones, 96
Fracture of the femur, 199
Fracture of the fibular tarsal bone, 230
Fracture of first and second phalanges, 131
Fracture of humerus, 82
Fracture of the ilium, 198
Fracture of the ischial tuberosity, 199
Fracture of the metacarpus, 106
Fracture of the patella, 212
Fractures of the pelvic bones, 196
Fracture of the proximal sesamoids, 128
Fracture of the pubis, 197
Fracture of the radius, 87
Fracture of the scapula, 62
Fracture of the tibia, 222
Fracture of the tibial tarsal bone, 230
Fracture of the ulna, 86
Fractures, 16
Fractures, comminuted, 17
Fractures, compound, 17
Fractures, green stick, 18
Fractures, impacted, 19
Fractures, longitudinal, 18
Fractures, multiple, 18
Fractures, multiple longitudinal, 19
Fractures, oblique, 18
Fractures, simple, 17
Fractures, simple transverse, 18
Fractures, transverse, 18
Fragilitas, 199
Fragilitas osseum, 128
G
Gait, observing character of, 48
Gastrocnemius, 194
Gluteal tendo-synovitis, 203
Gluteus medius muscle, 192, 203
Gonitis, chronic, 217
Green stick fractures, 18
H
Hind leg, lameness in the, 185
Hind leg, paralysis of the, 204
Hip lameness, 195
Hip swinney, 205
Hock, capped, 251
Hock joint, 188
Hoof testers, 53
Humeroradioulnar joint, 58
Humerus, fracture of, 82
I
Iliac thrombosis, 209
Iliopsoas, 204
Ilium, fracture of the, 198
Impacted fractures, 19
Infectious arthritis, 66
Infectious bursitis, 28
Infectious inflammation of the lateral cartilage, 173
Infectious lymphangitis, 257
Infectious synovitis, 124
Inflammation of the bicipital bursa, 68
Inflammation of the bursa podotrochlearis, 157
Inflammation of the carpal flexors, 93
Inflammation of the carpus, 98
Inflammation of the elbow, 84
Inflammation of the flexor tendons, 135
Inflammation of posterior ligaments of pastern, 129
Inflammation of proximal sesamoid bones, 127
Inflammation of third sesamoid and deep flexor tendon, 157
Inflammation of the trochanteric bursa, 204
Infraspinatus muscle, 65
Injection of fluids for quittor, 177
Injuries to scapulohumeral joint, 66
Interfering, shoeing for, 256
Interfering, wounds from, 255
Ischial tuberosity, fracture of the, 199
J
Joint capsule, anatomy of the, 220
Joint, carpal, 58
Joint, elbow, 58
Joint, fetlock, 58
Joint capsule, tarsal, distension of the, 242
Joint, fetlock, arthritis of the, 152
Joint, fetlock, luxation of, 125
Joint, hock, 188
Joint, humeroradioulnar, 58
Joint, open, 67
Joint, open carpal, 100
Joint, open fetlock, 110
Joint, pastern proximal interphalangeal, 129
Joint, shoulder, 55
Joint, stifle, open, 220
Joint, tarsal, open, 229
L
Lameness, hip, 195
Lameness, mixed, 49
Lameness in the fore leg, 55
Lameness in the hind leg, 185
Lameness, shoulder, 61
Lameness, supporting-leg, 49
Lameness, swinging-leg, 49
Laminitis, 160
Laminitis, acute, 162
Laminitis, chronic, 164
Lateral cartilage, infectious inflammation of the, 174
Lateral cartilages, ossification of, 155
Ligaments, affections of, 20
Ligament, capsular, 190
Ligaments, collateral, 190
Ligament, cotyloid, 185
Ligaments, crucial, 188
Ligaments, dorsal, 190
Ligaments, femeropatella, 188
Ligament, medial, 190
Ligaments, mesial tarsal, sprains of the, 232
Ligaments of pastern proximal interphalangeal joint, inflammation of, 129
Ligaments, patellar, 188
Ligaments, plantar, 190
Ligament, pubiofemoral, 185
Ligament, superior check, 58
Ligament, suspensory, rupture of, 146
Ligaments, volar, 129
Ligament, volar-carpal or annular, 58
Ligation of the saphenous vein, 246
Line firing for bog spavin, 246
Longitudinal fractures, 18
Lumbosacral plexus, 204
Luxation of the carpal bones, 96
Luxation of the femur, 201
Luxation of fetlock joint, 125
Luxation of the patella, 213
Luxation of the patella, outward, 215
Luxation of the patella, upward, 214
Luxation of scapulohumeral joint, 67
Luxations, 21
Luxations, fixed, 21
Luxations, temporary, 21
Lymph vessels and glands, affections of, 32
Lymphangitis, 32
Lymphangitis, infectious, 257
Lymphangitis, non-infectious, 260
M
Medial ligament, 190
Median neurectomy, 124
Mesial tarsal ligaments, sprains of the, 232
Metacarpophalangeal articulation, 58
Metacarpus, fracture of the, 106
Metastatic arthritis, 25
Mixed lameness, 49
Momentary patellar disarticulation, 213
Movements, passive, 47
Multiple fractures, 18
Multiple longitudinal fractures, 19
Muscles, affections of, 28
Muscle, antea-spinatus, 65
Muscle, anterior digital extensor, 193
Muscle, biceps brachii, 58
Muscle, caput, 71
Muscle, gluteus medium, 192, 203
Muscle, infraspinatus, 65
Muscle, peroneus tertius, 193
Muscle, postea-spinatus, 65
Muscles, quadriceps, 193
Muscles, quadriceps, atrophy of the, 205
Muscle, subscapularis, 65
Muscle, supraspinatus, 65
Muscle, tibialis anticus, 193
Muscle, triceps brachii, 58
Myalgia, 195
N
Nail punctures, 178
Navicular disease, 157
Nerves, affections of, 30
Nerve, femoral, paralysis of the, 204
Nerve, obturator, paralysis of the, 206
Nerve, sciatic, paralysis of the, 208
Nerve, (suprascapular) paralysis of the, 75
Non-infectious lymphangitis, 260
Non-infectious bursitis, 28
Neurectomy, Bossi's double tarsal, 242
Neurectomy, median, 124
Neurectomy, plantar, 124
O
Oblique fractures, 18
Observing character of gait, 48
Obturator nerve, paralysis of the, 206
Occurrence, general discussion of, 15
Omphalophlebitis, 25
Open carpal joint, 100
Open fetlock joint, 110
Open joint, 67
Open sheath of flexors of phalanges, 124
Open stifle joint, 220
Open tarsal joint, 229
Os corona, 60
Ossification of cartilages of the third phalanx, 155
Ossification of the lateral cartilages, 155
Os innominatum, 196
Os suffraginis, 59
Osteitis, rarefying, 16
Outward luxation of the patella, 215
P
Palpation, examination by, 43
Paralysis, brachial, 77
Paralysis of the femoral nerve, 204
Paralysis of the hind leg, 204
Paralysis of the obturator nerve, 206
Paralysis of the sciatic nerve, 208
Paralysis of the suprascapular nerve, 75
Paralysis, radial, 77
Paronychia, 170
Passive movements, 47
Pastern proximal interphalangeal joint, inflammation of ligaments of, 129
Patella, 188
Patella, fracture of the, 212
Patella, luxation of the, 213
Patella, outward luxation of the, 215
Patella, upward luxation of the, 214
Patellar disarticulation, fixed, 213
Patellar disarticulation, momentary, 213
Patellar ligaments, 188
Pelvic bones, fractures of the, 196
Pelvic limbs, anatomo-physiological consideration of the, 185
Penetrative wounds, 85
Periarticular ringbone, 122
Peroneus tertius muscle, 193
Phalangeal exostosis, 118
Phalanges, fracture of first and second, 131
Phalanges, open sheath of flexors of, 124
Phalanx, first, 59
Phalanx, second, 60
Phalanx, third, ossification of cartilages of, 155
Plantar ligaments, 190
Plantar neurectomy, 124
Polyarthritis, 25
Postea-spinatus muscle, 65
Principles, diagnostic, 37
Proximal sesamoid bones, inflammation of, 127
Proximal sesamoids, fracture of, 128
Pubiofemoral ligament, 185
Pubis, fracture of the, 197
Punctures, nail, 178
Q
Quadriceps muscles, 193
Quadriceps muscles, atrophy of the, 205
Quittor, 174
Quittor, injection of fluids for, 177
R
Rachitic ringbone, 122
Radial paralysis, 77
Radius, fracture of the, 87
Rarefying osteitis, 16
Rheumatic arthritis, 26
Rheumatism, 196
Ringbone, 118
Ringbone, articular, 121
Ringbone, periarticular, 122
Ringbone, rachitic, 122
Ringbone, traumatic, 122
Ringbone treated by firing, 123
Roberts shoe for bracing the fetlock, 181
Rupture of the extensor pedis, 145
Rupture of flexor tendons and suspensory ligament, 146
Rupture of long digital extensor, 253
Rupture of the tendo archillis, 224
S
Saphenous vein, ligation of the, 246
Scapula, fracture of the, 62
Scapulohumeral articulation, 55
Scapulohumeral joint, injuries to, 66
Scapulohumeral joint, luxation of, 67
Scapulohumeral joint, wounds of, 67
Scapulohumeral arthritis, 65
Sciatica, 208
Sciatic nerve, paralysis of the, 208
Second phalanx, 60
Sesamoid bones, 59
Sesamoid, third, inflammation of the, 157
Sesamoids, proximal, fracture of, 128
Sesamoiditis, 127
Setons, 75
Sheath of flexors of phalanges, open, 124
Sheath (tarsal) of the deep digital flexor, distension of the, 246
Shoe for dropped soles, 169
Shoeing for interfering, 256
Shoulder atrophy, 73
Shoulder joint, 55
Shoulder lameness, 61
Simple fractures, 17
Simple transverse fractures, 18
Soles, dropped, shoe for, 169
Spavin, bog, 242
Spavin, bone, 235
Spavin, dry, 225
Spavin test, 239
Special methods of examination, 53
Sprains of the mesial tarsal ligaments, 232
Sprains, tarsal, 232
Splints, 107
Spring-halt, 225
Stifle, dropped, 205
Stifle joint, open, 220
Strangles, 25
Streptococcus equi, 25
String-halt, 225
Subject, attitude of the, 41
Subscapularis muscle, 65
Supporting-leg-lameness, 49
Suprascapular nerve, paralysis of the, 75
Supraspinatus muscle, 65
Superficial digital flexor, 194
Superior check ligament, 58
Suspensory ligament, rupture of, 146
Sweeny, 73
Swinging-leg-lameness, 49
Swinney, 73
Swinney, hip, 205
Synovial distension of tendon sheaths, 104
Synovitis, 25
Synovitis, infectious, 124
T
Tarsal arthritis, 225
Tarsal bones, 190
Tarsal joint capsule, distension of the, 242
Tarsal joint, open, 229
Tarsal sheath of the deep digital flexor, distension of the, 246
Tarsal sprains, 232
Tarsus, 192
Temporary luxations, 21
Tendinitis, 135
Tendinitis, acute, 135
Tendinitis, chronic, 137
Tendo achillis, rupture and wounds of the, 224
Tendon, deep flexor, inflammation of the, 157
Tendon, deep flexor (perforans), 60
Tendon, extensor, rupture of, 145
Tendon, flexor, rupture of, 146
Tendons of foals, contracted, 143
Tendon sheaths, synovial distension of, 104
Tendons, affections of, 28
Tendons, flexor, contraction of the, 137
Tendons, flexor, inflammation of the, 135
Tendo-synovitis, gluteal, 203
Tenotomy, cunean, 242
Tensor fascia lata, 192
Test, spavin, 239
Testers, hoof, 53
Thecae, affections of, 27
Thecitis, 27, 104
Thecitis in the fetlock region, 150
Thoroughpin, 246
Thoroughpin, aspiration-and-injection treatment of, 250
Thrombosis, iliac, 209
Thrombosis of the brachial artery, 81
Tibia, 188
Tibia, fracture of the, 222
Tibial tarsal bone, fracture of the, 230
Tibialis anticus muscle, 193
Tibioastragular joint, distension of the, 242
Transverse fractures, 18
Traumatic arthritis, 22
Traumatic ringbone, 122
Treatment of bog spavin by aspiration and injection, 244
Treatment of capped hock by aspiration and injection, 252
Treatment of ringbone by firing, 123
Treatment of thoroughpin by aspiration and injection, 250
Triceps brachii, 58
Triceps brachii, contusions of, 71
Triceps extensor brachii, 71
Trochanteric bursa, inflammation of the, 204
True crepitation, 47
U
Ulna, fracture of the, 86
Ulnaris lateralis, 94
Upward luxation of the patella, 214
V
Vein, saphenous, ligation of the, 246
Vesication for bog spavin, 246
Vessignon cheville, 246
Visual examination, 39
Volar-carpal ligament, 58
Volar ligaments, 129
W
Wounds, calk, 170
Wounds, contusive, 85
Wounds from interfering, 255
Wounds of anterior brachial region, 90
Wounds of coronary region, 170
Wounds of scapulohumeral joint, 67
Wounds of tendo achillis, 224
Wounds, penetrative, 85
X
X-ray diagnosis, 179
AUTHORITIES CITED
Almy, J., 141, 200, 202, 208, 212, 216, 214, 233
Bassi, 215 Bauman, S.H., 197 Bell, Roscoe R., 69 Benard, 216 Berns, Geo. H., 77, 218 Bouley, 225 Bourdelle, 147
Cadiot, P.J., 78, 141, 200, 202, 208, 212, 214, 216, 223, 225, 233, 245, 250 Campbell, D.M., 162, 166, 167 Castagne, 84 Cochran, David W., 169, 170
Diekerhoff, 237 Dollar, Jno. A.W., 68, 198
Eberlein, 237
Fisher, Carl W., 236 Frost, J.N., 113 Frost, R.F., 128
Greaves, Thomas, 157
Hoare, E. Wallis, 25, 211, 230 Hughes, Joseph, 176, 221 Hutyra and Marek, 205
Law, James, 33 Leblanc, 223 Liautard, A., 84, 199, 238 Lusk, Wm. V., 203
McDonough, James, 237 Merillat, Edward, 210 Merillat, L.A., 80, 96, 175, 210 Millar, Thomas, 145 Moeller, H., 119, 156, 211, 222 Montane, 147 Moore, R.C., 162
Roberts, G.H., 181
Schumacher, 215 Scott, John, 208 Seeley, J.T., 176 Sisson, Septimus, 129, 204, 220 Smith, F., Major General, 56, 60, 155, 188, 194 Strangeways, 193
Taylor, Henry, 71 Thompson, H., 83, 87 Trickett, A., 253
Udall, D.H., 236 Uhlrich, 224
Walters, Wilfred, 83, 97 Williams, W.L., 217, 236
Transcriber's notes:
Accented words: The following spelling differences have been maintained:
Moller / Moeller Montane / Montane Traite / Traite.
Hyphenation: The following hyphenation differences have been maintained:
bilateral / bi-lateral calcaneocuboid / calcaneo-cuboid calcaneometatarsal / calcaneo-metatarsal counterirritation / counter-irritation counterirritating / counter-irritating foreleg / fore-leg interphalangeal / inter-phalangeal noninfectious / non-infectious nonsensitive / non-sensitive overwork / over-work posteaspinatus / postea-spinatus ringbone / ring-bone subacute / sub-acute subcoronary / sub-coronary subfascial / sub-fascial subperiosteal / sub-periosteal
Typographical errors:
sub-facial for sub-fascial "At two-year-old" for "A two-year-old" Ameircan for American Symtomatology for Symptomatology extoses for exostoses admintered for administered
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