THE HISTORY OF KING HENRY THE SIXTH, THIRD PART

by William Shakespeare



DRAMATIS PERSONAE

KING HENRY the Sixth. EDWARD, Prince of Wales, his son. LEWIS XI, King of France. DUKE OF SOMERSET. DUKE OF EXETER. EARL OF OXFORD. EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND. EARL OF WESTMORELAND. LORD CLIFFORD. RICHARD PLANTAGENET, Duke of York. EDWARD, Earl of March, afterwards King Edward IV., his son. EDMUND, Earl of Rutland, his son. GEORGE, afterwards Duke of Clarence, his son. RICHARD, afterwards Duke of Gloster, his son. DUKE OF NORFOLK. MARQUESS OF MONTAGUE. EARL OF WARWICK. EARL OF PEMBROKE. LORD HASTINGS. LORD STAFFORD. SIR JOHN MORTIMER, uncle to the Duke of York. SIR HUGH MORTIMER, uncle to the Duke of York. HENRY, Earl of Richmond, a youth. LORD RIVERS, brother to Lady Grey. SIR WILLIAM STANLEY. SIR JOHN MONTGOMERY. SIR JOHN SOMERVILLE. Tutor to Rutland. Mayor of York.

Lieutenant of the Tower. A Nobleman. Two Keepers. A Huntsman. A Son that has killed his father. A Father that has killed his son.

QUEEN MARGARET. LADY GREY, afterwards Queen to Edward IV. BONA, sister to the French Queen.

Soldiers, Attendants, Messengers, Watchmen, etc.

SCENE: England and France.



ACT I

SCENE I. London. The Parliament-house

[Alarum. Enter DUKE of YORK, EDWARD, RICHARD, NORFOLK, MONTAGUE, WARWICK, and Soldiers.]

WARWICK. I wonder how the king escap'd our hands.

YORK. While we pursued the horsemen of the North, He slyly stole away and left his men, Whereat the great Lord of Northumberland, Whose warlike ears could never brook retreat, Cheer'd up the drooping army; and himself, Lord Clifford, and Lord Stafford, all abreast, Charg'd our main battle's front, and breaking in, Were by the swords of common soldiers slain.

EDWARD. Lord Stafford's father, Duke of Buckingham, Is either slain or wounded dangerously; I cleft his beaver with a downright blow. That this is true, father, behold his blood.

[Showing his bloody sword.]

MONTAGUE. And, brother, here 's the Earl of Wiltshire's blood,

[To York, showing his.]

Whom I encounter'd as the battles join'd.

RICHARD. Speak thou for me, and tell them what I did.

[Throwing down the Duke of Somerset's head.]

YORK. Richard hath best deserv'd of all my sons.— But is your grace dead, my Lord of Somerset?

NORFOLK. Such hope have all the line of John of Gaunt!

RICHARD. Thus do I hope to shake King Henry's head.

WARWICK. And so do I.—Victorious Prince of York, Before I see thee seated in that throne Which now the house of Lancaster usurps, I vow by heaven these eyes shall never close. This is the palace of the fearful king, And this the regal seat; possess it, York, For this is thine, and not King Henry's heirs'.

YORK. Assist me, then, sweet Warwick, and I will; For hither we have broken in by force.

NORFOLK. We'll all assist you; he that flies shall die.

YORK. Thanks, gentle Norfolk.—Stay by me, my lords;— And, soldiers, stay and lodge by me this night.

WARWICK. And when the king comes, offer him no violence, Unless he seek to thrust you out perforce.

[They retire.]

YORK. The queen this day here holds her parliament, But little thinks we shall be of her council. By words or blows here let us win our right.

RICHARD. Arm'd as we are, let 's stay within this house.

WARWICK. The bloody parliament shall this be call'd, Unless Plantagenet, Duke of York, be king, And bashful Henry depos'd, whose cowardice Hath made us bywords to our enemies.

YORK. Then leave me not, my lords; be resolute. I mean to take possession of my right.

WARWICK. Neither the king, nor he that loves him best, The proudest he that holds up Lancaster, Dares stir a wing if Warwick shake his bells. I'll plant Plantagenet, root him up who dares.— Resolve thee, Richard; claim the English crown.

[Warwick leads York to the throne, who seats himself.]

[Flourish. Enter KING HENRY, CLIFFORD, NORTHUMBERLAND, WESTMORELAND, EXETER, and the rest.]

KING HENRY. My lords, look where the sturdy rebel sits, Even in the chair of state! belike he means, Back'd by the power of Warwick, that false peer, To aspire unto the crown and reign as king.— Earl of Northumberland, he slew thy father; And thine, Lord Clifford; and you both have vow'd revenge On him, his sons, his favourites, and his friends.

NORTHUMBERLAND. If I be not, heavens be reveng'd on me!

CLIFFORD. The hope thereof makes Clifford mourn in steel.

WESTMORELAND. What! shall we suffer this? let 's pluck him down; My heart for anger burns; I cannot brook it.

KING HENRY. Be patient, gentle Earl of Westmoreland.

CLIFFORD. Patience is for poltroons, such as he; He durst not sit there had your father liv'd. My gracious lord, here in the parliament Let us assail the family of York.

NORTHUMBERLAND. Well hast thou spoken, cousin; be it so.

KING HENRY. Ah, know you not the city favours them, And they have troops of soldiers at their beck?

EXETER. But when the duke is slain, they'll quickly fly.

KING HENRY. Far be the thought of this from Henry's heart, To make a shambles of the parliament-house! Cousin of Exeter, frowns, words, and threats Shall be the war that Henry means to use.—

[They advance to the duke.]

Thou factious Duke of York, descend my throne, And kneel for grace and mercy at my feet; I am thy sovereign.

YORK. I am thine.

EXETER. For shame, come down; he made thee Duke of York.

YORK. 'T was my inheritance, as the earldom was.

EXETER. Thy father was a traitor to the crown.

WARWICK. Exeter, thou art a traitor to the crown In following this usurping Henry.

CLIFFORD. Whom should he follow, but his natural king?

WARWICK. True, Clifford; and that 's Richard, Duke of York.

KING HENRY. And shall I stand, and thou sit in my throne?

YORK. It must and shall be so. Content thyself.

WARWICK. Be Duke of Lancaster; let him be king.

WESTMORELAND. He is both king and Duke of Lancaster; And that the Lord of Westmoreland shall maintain.

WARWICK. And Warwick shall disprove it. You forget That we are those which chas'd you from the field, And slew your fathers, and with colours spread March'd through the city to the palace gates.

NORTHUMBERLAND. Yes, Warwick, I remember it to my grief; And, by his soul, thou and thy house shall rue it.

WESTMORELAND. Plantagenet, of thee, and these thy sons, Thy kinsmen, and thy friends, I'll have more lives Than drops of blood were in my father's veins.

CLIFFORD. Urge it no more; lest that instead of words I send thee, Warwick, such a messenger As shall revenge his death before I stir.

WARWICK. Poor Clifford! how I scorn his worthless threats!

YORK. Will you we show our title to the crown? If not, our swords shall plead it in the field.

KING HENRY. What title hast thou, traitor, to the crown? Thy father was, as thou art, Duke of York; Thy grandfather, Roger Mortimer, Earl of March. I am the son of Henry the Fifth, Who made the Dauphin and the French to stoop, And seiz'd upon their towns and provinces.

WARWICK. Talk not of France, sith thou hast lost it all.

KING HENRY. The lord protector lost it, and not I; When I was crown'd I was but nine months old.

RICHARD. You are old enough now, and yet, methinks, you lose.— Father, tear the crown from the usurper's head.

EDWARD. Sweet father, do so; set it on your head.

MONTAGUE. Good brother, as thou lov'st and honourest arms, Let's fight it out and not stand cavilling thus.

RICHARD. Sound drums and trumpets, and the king will fly.

YORK. Sons, peace!

KING HENRY. Peace thou, and give King Henry leave to speak.

WARWICK. Plantagenet shall speak first; hear him, lords, And be you silent and attentive too, For he that interrupts him shall not live.

KING HENRY. Think'st thou that I will leave my kingly throne, Wherein my grandsire and my father sat? No! first shall war unpeople this my realm; Ay, and their colours—often borne in France, And now in England, to our heart's great sorrow— Shall be my winding sheet.—Why faint you, lords? My title's good, and better far than his.

WARWICK. Prove it, Henry, and thou shalt be king.

KING HENRY. Henry the Fourth by conquest got the crown.

YORK. 'T was by rebellion against his king.

KING HENRY. [Aside.] I know not what to say; my title's weak.— Tell me, may not a king adopt an heir?

YORK. What then?

KING HENRY. An if he may, then am I lawful king; For Richard, in the view of many lords, Resign'd the crown to Henry the Fourth, Whose heir my father was, and I am his.

YORK. He rose against him, being his sovereign, And made him to resign his crown perforce.

WARWICK. Suppose, my lords, he did it unconstrain'd, Think you 't were prejudicial to his crown?

EXETER. No; for he could not so resign his crown But that the next heir should succeed and reign.

KING HENRY. Art thou against us, Duke of Exeter?

EXETER. His is the right, and therefore pardon me.

YORK. Why whisper you, my lords, and answer not?

EXETER. My conscience tells me he is lawful king.

KING HENRY. [Aside.] All will revolt from me and turn to him.

NORTHUMBERLAND. Plantagenet, for all the claim thou lay'st, Think not that Henry shall be so depos'd.

WARWICK. Depos'd he shall be, in despite of all.

NORTHUMBERLAND. Thou art deceiv'd; 't is not thy southern power, Of Essex, Norfolk, Suffolk, nor of Kent, Which makes thee thus presumptuous and proud, Can set the duke up in despite of me.

CLIFFORD. King Henry, be thy title right or wrong, Lord Clifford vows to fight in thy defence. May that ground gape and swallow me alive, Where I shall kneel to him that slew my father!

KING HENRY. O Clifford, how thy words revive my heart!

YORK. Henry of Lancaster, resign thy crown.— What mutter you, or what conspire you, lords?

WARWICK. Do right unto this princely Duke of York, Or I will fill the house with armed men, And over the chair of state where now he sits Write up his title with usurping blood.

[He stamps, and the soldiers show themselves.]

KING HENRY. My Lord of Warwick, hear but one word: Let me for this my lifetime reign as king.

YORK. Confirm the crown to me, and to mine heirs, And thou shalt reign in quiet while thou liv'st.

KING HENRY. I am content; Richard Plantagenet, Enjoy the kingdom after my decease.

CLIFFORD. What wrong is this unto the prince your son!

WARWICK. What good is this to England and himself!

WESTMORELAND. Base, fearful, and despairing Henry!

CLIFFORD. How hast thou injur'd both thyself and us!

WESTMORELAND. I cannot stay to hear these articles.

NORTHUMBERLAND. Nor I.

CLIFFORD. Come, cousin, let us tell the queen these news.

WESTMORELAND. Farewell, faint-hearted and degenerate king, In whose cold blood no spark of honour bides.

NORTHUMBERLAND. Be thou a prey unto the house of York, And die in bands for this unmanly deed!

CLIFFORD. In dreadful war mayst thou be overcome, Or live in peace abandon'd and despis'd!

[Exeunt Northumberland, Clifford, and Westmoreland.]

WARWICK. Turn this way, Henry, and regard them not.

EXETER. They seek revenge, and therefore will not yield.

KING HENRY. Ah, Exeter!

WARWICK. Why should you sigh, my lord?

KING HENRY. Not for myself, Lord Warwick, but my son, Whom I unnaturally shall disinherit.— But be it as it may, I here entail The crown to thee, and to thine heirs for ever; Conditionally, that here thou take an oath To cease this civil war, and whilst I live To honour me as thy king and sovereign, And neither by treason nor hostility To seek to put me down and reign thyself.

YORK. This oath I willingly take and will perform.

[Coming from the throne.]

WARWICK. Long live King Henry!—Plantagenet, embrace him.

KING HENRY. And long live thou, and these thy forward sons!

YORK. Now York and Lancaster are reconcil'd.

EXETER. Accurs'd be he that seeks to make them foes!

[Sennet. The Lords come forward.]

YORK. Farewell, my gracious lord; I'll to my castle.

WARWICK. And I'll keep London with my soldiers.

NORFOLK. And I to Norfolk with my followers.

MONTAGUE. And I unto the sea from whence I came.

[Exeunt York and his Sons, Warwick, Norfolk, Montague, Soldiers, and Attendants.]

KING HENRY. And I, with grief and sorrow, to the court.

[Enter QUEEN MARGARET and the PRINCE OF WALES.]

EXETER. Here comes the queen, whose looks bewray her anger. I'll steal away.

KING HENRY. Exeter, so will I. [Going.]

QUEEN MARGARET. Nay, go not from me; I will follow thee.

KING HENRY. Be patient, gentle queen, and I will stay.

QUEEN MARGARET. Who can be patient in such extremes? Ah, wretched man! would I had died a maid, And never seen thee, never borne thee son, Seeing thou hast prov'd so unnatural a father! Hath he deserv'd to lose his birthright thus? Hadst thou but lov'd him half so well as I, Or felt that pain which I did for him once, Or nourish'd him as I did with my blood, Thou wouldst have left thy dearest heart-blood there Rather than have made that savage duke thine heir And disinherited thine only son.

PRINCE. Father, you cannot disinherit me. If you be king, why should not I succeed?

KING HENRY. Pardon me, Margaret;—pardon me, sweet son; The Earl of Warwick and the duke enforc'd me.

QUEEN MARGARET. Enforc'd thee! art thou king, and wilt be forc'd? I shame to hear thee speak. Ah, timorous wretch! Thou hast undone thyself, thy son, and me, And given unto the house of York such head As thou shalt reign but by their sufferance. To entail him and his heirs unto the crown, What is it but to make thy sepulchre And creep into it far before thy time? Warwick is chancellor and the lord of Calais;

Stern Falconbridge commands the narrow seas; The duke is made protector of the realm; And yet shalt thou be safe? such safety finds The trembling lamb environed with wolves. Had I been there, which am a silly woman, The soldiers should have toss'd me on their pikes Before I would have granted to that act. But thou prefer'st thy life before thine honour; And seeing thou dost, I here divorce myself, Both from thy table, Henry, and thy bed, Until that act of parliament be repeal'd Whereby my son is disinherited. The northern lords that have forsworn thy colours Will follow mine if once they see them spread; And spread they shall be to thy foul disgrace And utter ruin of the house of York. Thus do I leave thee.—Come, son, let's away: Our army is ready; come, we'll after them.

KING HENRY. Stay, gentle Margaret, and hear me speak.

QUEEN MARGARET. Thou hast spoke too much already; get thee gone.

KING HENRY. Gentle son Edward, thou wilt stay with me?

QUEEN MARGARET. Ay, to be murther'd by his enemies.

PRINCE. When I return with victory from the field I'll see your grace; till then I'll follow her.

QUEEN MARGARET. Come, son, away! we may not linger thus.

[Exeunt Queen Margaret and the Prince.]

KING HENRY. Poor queen! how love to me and to her son Hath made her break out into terms of rage! Reveng'd may she be on that hateful duke Whose haughty spirit, winged with desire, Will cost my crown, and like an empty eagle Tire on the flesh of me and of my son. The loss of those three lords torments my heart; I'll write unto them, and entreat them fair.— Come, cousin, you shall be the messenger.

EXETER. And I, I hope, shall reconcile them all.

[Exeunt.]



SCENE II. Sandal Castle

[Enter EDWARD, RICHARD, and MONTAGUE.]

RICHARD. Brother, though I be youngest, give me leave.

EDWARD. No; I can better play the orator.

MONTAGUE. But I have reasons strong and forcible.

[Enter YORK.]

YORK. Why, how now, sons and brother! at a strife? What is your quarrel? how began it first?

EDWARD. No quarrel, but a slight contention.

YORK. About what?

RICHARD. About that which concerns your grace and us— The crown of England, father, which is yours.

YORK. Mine, boy? not till King Henry be dead.

RICHARD. Your right depends not on his life or death.

EDWARD. Now you are heir, therefore enjoy it now; By giving the house of Lancaster leave to breathe, It will outrun you, father, in the end.

YORK. I took an oath that he should quietly reign.

EDWARD. But for a kingdom any oath may be broken; I would break a thousand oaths to reign one year.

RICHARD. No; God forbid your grace should be forsworn.

YORK. I shall be, if I claim by open war.

RICHARD. I'll prove the contrary if you'll hear me speak.

YORK. Thou canst not, son; it is impossible.

RICHARD. An oath is of no moment, being not took Before a true and lawful magistrate That hath authority over him that swears. Henry had none, but did usurp the place; Then, seeing 't was he that made you to depose, Your oath, my lord, is vain and frivolous. Therefore, to arms! And, father, do but think How sweet a thing it is to wear a crown, Within whose circuit is Elysium And all that poets feign of bliss and joy. Why do we linger thus? I cannot rest Until the white rose that I wear be dyed Even in the lukewarm blood of Henry's heart.

YORK. Richard, enough; I will be king, or die.— Brother, thou shalt to London presently, And whet on Warwick to this enterprise.— Thou, Richard, shalt to the Duke of Norfolk, And tell him privily of our intent.— You, Edward, shall unto my Lord Cobham, With whom the Kentishmen will willingly rise. In them I trust; for they are soldiers, Witty, courteous, liberal, full of spirit.— While you are thus employ'd, what resteth more But that I seek occasion how to rise, And yet the king not privy to my drift, Nor any of the house of Lancaster?

[Enter a Messenger.]

But stay.—What news? Why com'st thou in such post?

MESSENGER. The queen, with all the northern earls and lords, Intend here to besiege you in your castle. She is hard by with twenty thousand men, And therefore fortify your hold, my lord.

YORK. Ay, with my sword. What! think'st thou that we fear them?— Edward and Richard, you shall stay with me; My brother Montague shall post to London. Let noble Warwick, Cobham, and the rest, Whom we have left protectors of the king,

With powerful policy strengthen themselves, And trust not simple Henry nor his oaths.

MONTAGUE. Brother, I go; I'll win them, fear it not: And thus most humbly I do take my leave.

[Exit.]

[Enter SIR JOHN and SIR HUGH MORTIMER.]

YORK. Sir John and Sir Hugh Mortimer, mine uncles, You are come to Sandal in a happy hour; The army of the queen mean to besiege us.

SIR JOHN. She shall not need; we'll meet her in the field.

YORK. What, with five thousand men?

RICHARD. Ay, with five hundred, father, for a need. A woman-general! what should we fear?

[A march afar off.]

EDWARD. I hear their drums; let's set our men in order, And issue forth and bid them battle straight.

YORK. Five men to twenty!—though the odds be great, I doubt not, uncle, of our victory. Many a battle have I won in France Whenas the enemy hath been ten to one; Why should I not now have the like success?

[Alarum. Exeunt.]



SCENE III. Plains near Sandal Castle.

[Alarums. Enter RUTLAND and his TUTOR]

RUTLAND. Ah! whither shall I fly to scape their hands? Ah, tutor! look where bloody Clifford comes.

[Enter CLIFFORD and Soldiers.]

CLIFFORD. Chaplain, away! thy priesthood saves thy life. As for the brat of this accursed duke Whose father slew my father, he shall die.

TUTOR. And I, my lord, will bear him company.

CLIFFORD. Soldiers, away with him!

TUTOR. Ah, Clifford, murder not this innocent child, Lest thou be hated both of God and man.

[Exit, forced off by Soldiers.]

CLIFFORD. How now! is he dead already? Or is it fear That makes him close his eyes?—I'll open them.

RUTLAND. So looks the pent-up lion o'er the wretch That trembles under his devouring paws; And so he walks, insulting o'er his prey, And so he comes to rend his limbs asunder.— Ah, gentle Clifford, kill me with thy sword, And not with such a cruel threat'ning look. Sweet Clifford, hear me speak before I die: I am too mean a subject for thy wrath; Be thou reveng'd on men, and let me live.

CLIFFORD. In vain thou speak'st, poor boy; my father's blood Hath stopp'd the passage where thy words should enter.

RUTLAND. Then let my father's blood open it again; He is a man, and, Clifford, cope with him.

CLIFFORD. Had I thy brethren here, their lives and thine Were not revenge sufficient for me. No; if I digg'd up thy forefathers' graves And hung their rotten coffins up in chains, It could not slake mine ire nor ease my heart. The sight of any of the house of York Is as a fury to torment my soul; And till I root out their accursed line And leave not one alive, I live in hell. Therefore—

RUTLAND. O, let me pray before I take my death!— To thee I pray; sweet Clifford, pity me!

CLIFFORD. Such pity as my rapier's point affords.

RUTLAND. I never did thee harm; why wilt thou slay me?

CLIFFORD. Thy father hath.

RUTLAND. But 't was ere I was born. Thou hast one son; for his sake pity me, Lest in revenge thereof, sith God is just, He be as miserably slain as I. Ah, let me live in prison all my days, And when I give occasion of offence, Then let me die, for now thou hast no cause.

CLIFFORD. No cause? Thy father slew my father; therefore, die. [Clifford stabs him.]

RUTLAND. Dii faciant laudis summa sit ista tuae! [Dies.]

CLIFFORD. Plantagenet! I come, Plantagenet! And this thy son's blood cleaving to my blade Shall rust upon my weapon till thy blood Congeal'd with this, do make me wipe off both.

[Exit.]



SCENE IV. The Same

[Alarum. Enter YORK.]

YORK. The army of the queen hath got the field. My uncles both are slain in rescuing me; And all my followers to the eager foe Turn back and fly like ships before the wind, Or lambs pursu'd by hunger-starved wolves. My sons—God knows what hath bechanced them; But this I know,—they have demean'd themselves Like men born to renown by life or death. Three times did Richard make a lane to me, And thrice cried 'Courage, father! fight it out!' And full as oft came Edward to my side With purple falchion painted to the hilt In blood of those that had encount'red him; And when the hardiest warriors did retire Richard cried 'Charge! and give no foot of ground!' And cried 'A crown, or else a glorious tomb! A sceptre, or an earthly sepulchre!' With this, we charg'd again; but, out, alas! We budg'd again, as I have seen a swan With bootless labour swim against the tide And spend her strength with overmatching waves.

[A short alarum within.]

Ah, hark! the fatal followers do pursue, And I am faint and cannot fly their fury; And were I strong, I would not shun their fury. The sands are number'd that make up my life; Here must I stay, and here my life must end.—

[Enter QUEEN MARGARET, CLIFFORD, NORTHUMBERLAND, and Soldiers]

Come, bloody Clifford, rough Northumberland, I dare your quenchless fury to more rage. I am your butt, and I abide your shot.

NORTHUMBERLAND. Yield to our mercy, proud Plantagenet.

CLIFFORD. Ay, to such mercy as his ruthless arm With downright payment show'd unto my father. Now Phaethon hath tumbled from his car, And made an evening at the noontide prick.

YORK. My ashes, as the phoenix, may bring forth A bird that will revenge upon you all; And in that hope I throw mine eyes to heaven Scorning whate'er you can afflict me with. Why come you not?—what! multitudes, and fear?

CLIFFORD. So cowards fight when they can fly no further; So doves do peck the falcon's piercing talons; So desperate thieves, all hopeless of their lives, Breathe out invectives 'gainst the officers.

YORK. O Clifford, but bethink thee once again, And in thy thought o'errun my former time;

And, if thou canst for blushing, view this face, And bite thy tongue, that slanders him with cowardice Whose frown hath made thee faint and fly ere this.

CLIFFORD. I will not bandy with thee word for word, But buckle with thee blows, twice two for one.

QUEEN MARGARET. Hold, valiant Clifford! for a thousand causes I would prolong awhile the traitor's life.— Wrath makes him deaf; speak thou, Northumberland.

NORTHUMBERLAND. Hold, Clifford! do not honour him so much To prick thy finger, though to wound his heart. What valour were it, when a cur doth grin, For one to thrust his hand between his teeth, When he might spurn him with his foot away? It is war's prize to take all vantages, And ten to one is no impeach of valour.

[They lay hands on York, who struggles.]

CLIFFORD. Ay, ay; so strives the woodcock with the gin.

NORTHUMBERLAND. So doth the cony struggle in the net.

[York is taken prisoner.]

YORK. So triumph thieves upon their conquer'd booty; So true men yield, with robbers so o'ermatch'd.

NORTHUMBERLAND. What would your grace have done unto him now?

QUEEN MARGARET. Brave warriors, Clifford and Northumberland, Come, make him stand upon this molehill here, That raught at mountains with outstretched arms, Yet parted but the shadow with his hand.— What! was it you that would be England's king? Was 't you that revell'd in our Parliament, And made a preachment of your high descent? Where are your mess of sons to back you now? The wanton Edward and the lusty George? And where's that valiant crook-back prodigy, Dicky your boy, that with his grumbling voice Was wont to cheer his dad in mutinies? Or, with the rest, where is your darling Rutland? Look, York; I stain'd this napkin with the blood That valiant Clifford with his rapier's point Made issue from the bosom of the boy, And, if thine eyes can water for his death, I give thee this to dry thy cheeks withal. Alas, poor York! but that I hate thee deadly I should lament thy miserable state. I prithee, grieve to make me merry, York; Stamp, rave, and fret, that I may sing and dance. What, hath thy fiery heart so parch'd thine entrails That not a tear can fall for Rutland's death? Why art thou patient, man? thou shouldst be mad; And I, to make thee mad, do mock thee thus. Thou wouldst be feed, I see, to make me sport; York cannot speak unless he wear a crown.— A crown for York!—and, lords, bow low to him.— Hold you his hands whilst I do set it on.—

[Putting a paper crown on his head.]

Ay, marry, sir, now looks he like a king. Ay, this is he that took King Henry's chair; And this is he was his adopted heir.— But how is it that great Plantagenet Is crown'd so soon and broke his solemn oath? As I bethink me, you should not be king Till our King Henry had shook hands with Death. And will you pale your head in Henry's glory, And rob his temples of the diadem, Now in his life, against your holy oath? O, 't is a fault too too unpardonable.— Off with the crown, and with the crown his head! And whilst we breathe take time to do him dead.

CLIFFORD. That is my office, for my father's sake.

QUEEN MARGARET. Nay, stay; let's hear the orisons he makes.

YORK. She-wolf of France, but worse than wolves of France, Whose tongue more poisons than the adder's tooth, How ill-beseeming is it in thy sex To triumph, like an Amazonian trull, Upon their woes whom fortune captivates! But that thy face is, vizard-like, unchanging, Made impudent with use of evil deeds,

I would assay, proud queen, to make thee blush. To tell thee whence thou cam'st, of whom deriv'd, Were shame enough to shame thee, wert thou not shameless. Thy father bears the type of King of Naples, Of both the Sicils and Jerusalem, Yet not so wealthy as an English yeoman. Hath that poor monarch taught thee to insult? It needs not, nor it boots thee not, proud queen; Unless the adage must be verified, That beggars mounted run their horse to death. 'T is beauty that doth oft make women proud; But, God he knows, thy share thereof is small. 'T is virtue that doth make them most admir'd; The contrary doth make thee wond'red at. 'T is government that makes them seem divine; The want thereof makes thee abominable. Thou art as opposite to every good As the Antipodes are unto us, Or as the south to the Septentrion. O tiger's heart wrapp'd in a woman's hide! How couldst thou drain the life-blood of the child, To bid the father wipe his eyes withal, And yet be seen to bear a woman's face? Women are soft, mild, pitiful, and flexible; Thou stern, obdurate, flinty, rough, remorseless. Bid'st thou me rage? why, now thou hast thy wish: Wouldst have me weep? why, now thou hast thy will; For raging wind blows up incessant showers, And when the rage allays the rain begins. These tears are my sweet Rutland's obsequies, And every drop cries vengeance for his death, 'Gainst thee, fell Clifford, and thee, false Frenchwoman.

NORTHUMBERLAND. Beshrew me, but his passion moves me so That hardly can I check my eyes from tears.

YORK. That face of his the hungry cannibals Would not have touch'd, would not have stain'd with blood; But you are more inhuman, more inexorable, O, ten times more, than tigers of Hyrcania. See, ruthless queen, a hapless father's tears; This cloth thou dipp'dst in blood of my sweet boy, And I with tears do wash the blood away. Keep thou the napkin, and go boast of this; And if thou tell'st the heavy story right, Upon my soul, the hearers will shed tears, Yea, even my foes will shed fast-falling tears And say 'Alas! it was a piteous deed!'— There, take the crown, and with the crown my curse; And in thy need such comfort come to thee As now I reap at thy too cruel hand!— Hard-hearted Clifford, take me from the world; My soul to heaven, my blood upon your heads!

NORTHUMBERLAND. Had he been slaughter-man to all my kin, I should not, for my life, but weep with him, To see how inly sorrow gripes his soul.

QUEEN MARGARET. What! weeping-ripe, my Lord Northumberland? Think but upon the wrong he did us all, And that will quickly dry thy melting tears.

CLIFFORD. Here's for my oath, here's for my father's death.

[Stabbing him.]

QUEEN MARGARET. And here's to right our gentle-hearted king.

[Stabbing him.]

YORK. Open thy gate of mercy, gracious God! My soul flies through these wounds to seek out thee.

[Dies.]

QUEEN MARGARET. Off with his head, and set it on York gates; So York may overlook the town of York.

[Flourish. Exeunt.]



ACT II.

SCENE I. A plain near Mortimer's Cross in Herefordshire.

[A march. Enter EDWARD and RICHARD, with their Power.]

EDWARD. I wonder how our princely father scap'd, Or whether he be scap'd away or no From Clifford's and Northumberland's pursuit. Had he been ta'en, we should have heard the news; Had he been slain, we should have heard the news; Or had he scap'd, methinks we should have heard The happy tidings of his good escape.— How fares my brother? why is he so sad?

RICHARD. I cannot joy until I be resolv'd Where our right valiant father is become. I saw him in the battle range about, And watch'd him how he singled Clifford forth. Methought he bore him in the thickest troop As doth a lion in a herd of neat; Or as a bear, encompass'd round with dogs, Who having pinch'd a few and made them cry, The rest stand all aloof and bark at him. So far'd our father with his enemies; So fled his enemies my warlike father. Methinks 'tis pride enough to be his son.— See how the morning opes her golden gates And takes her farewell of the glorious sun. How well resembles it the prime of youth, Trimm'd like a younker prancing to his love!

EDWARD. Dazzle mine eyes, or do I see three suns?

RICHARD. Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun; Not separated with the racking clouds, But sever'd in a pale clear-shining sky. See, see! they join, embrace, and seem to kiss, As if they vow'd some league inviolable; Now are they but one lamp, one light, one sun. In this the heaven figures some event.

EDWARD. 'T is wondrous strange, the like yet never heard of. I think it cites us, brother, to the field, That we, the sons of brave Plantagenet, Each one already blazing by our meeds, Should, notwithstanding, join our lights together, And overshine the earth, as this the world. Whate'er it bodes, henceforward will I bear Upon my target three fair shining suns.

RICHARD. Nay, bear three daughters; by your leave I speak it, You love the breeder better than the male.—

[Enter a Messenger.]

But what art thou, whose heavy looks foretell Some dreadful story hanging on thy tongue?

MESSENGER. Ah, one that was a woeful looker-on When as the noble Duke of York was slain, Your princely father and my loving lord.

EDWARD. O, speak no more, for I have heard too much!

RICHARD. Say how he died, for I will hear it all.

MESSENGER. Environed he was with many foes, And stood against them as the hope of Troy Against the Greeks that would have ent'red Troy. But Hercules himself must yield to odds; And many strokes, though with a little axe, Hew down and fell the hardest-timber'd oak. By many hands your father was subdu'd, But only slaught'red by the ireful arm Of unrelenting Clifford and the queen, Who crown'd the gracious duke in high despite, Laugh'd in his face, and when with grief he wept The ruthless queen gave him, to dry his cheeks, A napkin steeped in the harmless blood Of sweet young Rutland, by rough Clifford slain. And, after many scorns, many foul taunts, They took his head, and on the gates of York They set the same; and there it doth remain, The saddest spectacle that e'er I view'd.

EDWARD. Sweet Duke of York! our prop to lean upon, Now thou art gone, we have no staff, no stay. O Clifford! boisterous Clifford! thou hast slain The flower of Europe for his chivalry; And treacherously hast thou vanquish'd him, For hand to hand he would have vanquish'd thee. Now my soul's palace is become a prison. Ah, would she break from hence, that this my body Might in the ground be closed up in rest! For never henceforth shall I joy again, Never, O, never, shall I see more joy!

RICHARD. I cannot weep, for all my body's moisture Scarce serves to quench my furnace-burning heart; Nor can my tongue unload my heart's great burthen, For selfsame wind that I should speak withal Is kindling coals that fires all my breast And burns me up with flames that tears would quench. To weep is to make less the depth of grief; Tears, then, for babes, blows and revenge for me!— Richard, I bear thy name; I'll venge thy death, Or die renowned by attempting it.

EDWARD. His name that valiant duke hath left with thee; His dukedom and his chair with me is left.

RICHARD. Nay, if thou be that princely eagle's bird, Show thy descent by gazing 'gainst the sun; For chair and dukedom, throne and kingdom say: Either that is thine, or else thou wert not his.

[March. Enter WARWICK and MONTAGUE, with their Army.]

WARWICK. How now, fair lords! What fare? what news abroad?

RICHARD. Great Lord of Warwick, if we should recount Our baleful news, and at each word's deliverance Stab poniards in our flesh till all were told, The words would add more anguish than the wounds. O valiant lord, the Duke of York is slain!

EDWARD. O, Warwick, Warwick! that Plantagenet Which held thee dearly as his soul's redemption Is by the stern Lord Clifford done to death.

WARWICK. Ten days ago I drown'd these news in tears, And now, to add more measure to your woes, I come to tell you things sith then befallen. After the bloody fray at Wakefield fought, Where your brave father breath'd his latest gasp, Tidings, as swiftly as the posts could run, Were brought me of your loss and his depart. I, then in London, keeper of the king, Muster'd my soldiers, gather'd flocks of friends, And very well appointed, as I thought, March'd toward Saint Alban's to intercept the queen, Bearing the king in my behalf along; For by my scouts I was advertised That she was coming with a full intent To dash our late decree in parliament Touching King Henry's oath and your succession. Short tale to make, we at Saint Alban's met, Our battles join'd, and both sides fiercely fought; But, whether 't was the coldness of the king, Who look'd full gently on his warlike queen, That robb'd my soldiers of their heated spleen, Or whether 't was report of her success, Or more than common fear of Clifford's rigour, Who thunders to his captives blood and death, I cannot judge; but, to conclude with truth, Their weapons like to lightning came and went, Our soldiers',—like the night-owl's lazy flight, Or like an idle thrasher with a flail— Fell gently down, as if they struck their friends. I cheer'd them up with justice of our cause, With promise of high pay and great rewards, But all in vain; they had no heart to fight, And we in them no hope to win the day; So that we fled: the king unto the queen; Lord George your brother, Norfolk, and myself, In haste, post-haste, are come to join with you; For in the marches here, we heard, you were Making another head to fight again.

EDWARD. Where is the Duke of Norfolk, gentle Warwick? And when came George from Burgundy to England?

WARWICK. Some six miles off the duke is with the soldiers; And for your brother, he was lately sent From your kind aunt, Duchess of Burgundy, With aid of soldiers to this needful war.

RICHARD. 'T was odds, belike, when valiant Warwick fled; Oft have I heard his praises in pursuit, But ne'er till now his scandal of retire.

WARWICK. Nor now my scandal, Richard, dost thou hear; For thou shalt know, this strong right hand of mine Can pluck the diadem from faint Henry's head And wring the awful sceptre from his fist, Were he as famous and as bold in war As he is fam'd for mildness, peace, and prayer.

RICHARD. I know it well, Lord Warwick, blame me not; 'T is love I bear thy glories makes me speak. But in this troublous time what's to be done? Shall we go throw away our coats of steel And wrap our bodies in black mourning-gowns, Numbering our Ave-Maries with our beads? Or shall we on the helmets of our foes Tell our devotion with revengeful arms? If for the last, say ay, and to it, lords.

WARWICK. Why, therefore Warwick came to seek you out, And therefore comes my brother Montague. Attend me, lords. The proud insulting queen, With Clifford and the haught Northumberland, And of their feather many moe proud birds, Have wrought the easy-melting king like wax. He swore consent to your succession, His oath enrolled in the parliament; And now to London all the crew are gone, To frustrate both his oath and what beside May make against the house of Lancaster. Their power, I think, is thirty thousand strong; Now, if the help of Norfolk and myself, With all the friends that thou, brave Earl of March, Amongst the loving Welshmen canst procure, Will but amount to five and twenty thousand, Why, Via! to London will we march amain, And once again bestride our foaming steeds, And once again cry 'Charge upon our foes!' But never once again turn back and fly.

RICHARD. Ay, now, methinks, I hear great Warwick speak. Ne'er may he live to see a sunshine day That cries 'Retire,' if Warwick bid him stay.

EDWARD. Lord Warwick, on thy shoulder will I lean; And when thou fail'st—as God forbid the hour!— Must Edward fall, which peril heaven forfend!

WARWICK. No longer Earl of March, but Duke of York. The next degree is England's royal throne; For King of England shalt thou be proclaim'd In every borough as we pass along, And he that throws not up his cap for joy Shall for the fault make forfeit of his head. King Edward,—valiant Richard,— Montague,— Stay we no longer dreaming of renown, But sound the trumpets and about our task.

RICHARD. Then, Clifford, were thy heart as hard as steel, As thou hast shown it flinty by thy deeds, I come to pierce it, or to give thee mine.

EDWARD. Then strike up, drums!—God and Saint George for us!

[Enter a Messenger.]

WARWICK. How now! what news?

MESSENGER. The Duke of Norfolk sends you word by me, The queen is coming with a puissant host, And craves your company for speedy counsel.

WARWICK. Why then it sorts; brave warriors, let's away.

[Exeunt.]



SCENE II. Before York

[Flourish. Enter KING HENRY, QUEEN MARGARET, the PRINCE OF WALES, CLIFFORD, and NORTHUMBERLAND, with drums and trumpets.]

QUEEN MARGARET. Welcome, my lord, to this brave town of York. Yonder's the head of that arch-enemy That sought to be encompass'd with your crown; Doth not the object cheer your heart, my lord?

KING HENRY. Ay, as the rocks cheer them that fear their wreck; To see this sight, it irks my very soul.— Withhold revenge, dear God! 't is not my fault, Nor wittingly have I infring'd my vow.

CLIFFORD. My gracious liege, this too much lenity And harmful pity must be laid aside. To whom do lions cast their gentle looks? Not to the beast that would usurp their den. Whose hand is that the forest bear doth lick? Not his that spoils her young before her face. Who scapes the lurking serpent's mortal sting? Not he that sets his foot upon her back. The smallest worm will turn, being trodden on, And doves will peck in safeguard of their brood. Ambitious York did level at thy crown, Thou smiling while he knit his angry brows. He, but a duke, would have his son a king, And raise his issue like a loving sire; Thou, being a king, blest with a goodly son, Didst yield consent to disinherit him, Which argu'd thee a most unloving father. Unreasonable creatures feed their young; And though man's face be fearful to their eyes, Yet, in protection of their tender ones, Who hath not seen them, even with those wings Which sometime they have us'd with fearful flight, Make war with him that climb'd unto their nest, Offering their own lives in their young's defence? For shame, my liege! make them your precedent. Were it not pity that this goodly boy Should lose his birthright by his father's fault, And long hereafter say unto his child, 'What my great-grandfather and grandsire got, My careless father fondly gave away?' Ah, what a shame were this! Look on the boy, And let his manly face, which promiseth Successful fortune, steel thy melting heart To hold thine own, and leave thine own with him.

KING HENRY. Full well hath Clifford play'd the orator, Inferring arguments of mighty force. But, Clifford, tell me, didst thou never hear That things ill got had ever bad success? And happy always was it for that son Whose father for his hoarding went to hell? I'll leave my son my virtuous deeds behind, And would my father had left me no more; For all the rest is held at such a rate As brings a thousand-fold more care to keep Than in possession any jot of pleasure.— Ah, cousin York! would thy best friends did know How it doth grieve me that thy head is here!

QUEEN MARGARET. My lord, cheer up your spirits; our foes are nigh, And this soft courage makes your followers faint. You promis'd knighthood to our forward son; Unsheathe your sword and dub him presently.— Edward, kneel down.

KING HENRY. Edward Plantagenet, arise a knight; And learn this lesson,—draw thy sword in right.

PRINCE. My gracious father, by your kingly leave, I'll draw it as apparent to the crown, And in that quarrel use it to the death.

CLIFFORD. Why, that is spoken like a toward prince.

[Enter a Messenger.]

MESSENGER. Royal commanders, be in readiness; For with a band of thirty thousand men Comes Warwick, backing of the Duke of York, And in the towns, as they do march along, Proclaims him king, and many fly to him. Darraign your battle, for they are at hand.

CLIFFORD. I would your highness would depart the field; The queen hath best success when you are absent.

QUEEN MARGARET. Ay, good my lord, and leave us to our fortune.

KING HENRY. Why, that's my fortune too; therefore I'll stay.

NORTHUMBERLAND. Be it with resolution then to fight.

PRINCE. My royal father, cheer these noble lords, And hearten those that fight in your defence. Unsheathe your sword, good father; cry'saint George!'

[March. Enter EDWARD, GEORGE, RICHARD, WARWICK, NORFOLK, MONTAGUE, and Soldiers.]

EDWARD. Now, perjur'd Henry, wilt thou kneel for grace And set thy diadem upon my head, Or bide the mortal fortune of the field?

QUEEN MARGARET. Go, rate thy minions, proud insulting boy! Becomes it thee to be thus bold in terms Before thy sovereign and thy lawful king?

EDWARD. I am his king, and he should bow his knee. I was adopted heir by his consent; Since when, his oath is broke; for, as I hear, You, that are king, though he do wear the crown, Have caus'd him by new act of parliament To blot out me and put his own son in.

CLIFFORD. And reason, too; Who should succeed the father but the son?

RICHARD. Are you there, butcher?—O, I cannot speak!

CLIFFORD. Ay, crook-back; here I stand, to answer thee, Or any he the proudest of thy sort.

RICHARD. 'T was you that kill'd young Rutland, was it not?

CLIFFORD. Ay, and old York, and yet not satisfied.

RICHARD. For God's sake, lords, give signal to the fight.

WARWICK. What say'st thou, Henry, wilt thou yield the crown?

QUEEN MARGARET. Why, how now, long-tongued Warwick! dare you speak? When you and I met at Saint Alban's last, Your legs did better service than your hands.

WARWICK. Then 't was my turn to fly, and now 't is thine.

CLIFFORD. You said so much before, and yet you fled.

WARWICK. 'T was not your valour, Clifford, drove me thence.

NORTHUMBERLAND. No, nor your manhood that durst make you stay.

RICHARD. Northumberland, I hold thee reverently. Break off the parley; for scarce I can refrain The execution of my big-swoln heart Upon that Clifford, that cruel child-killer.

CLIFFORD. I slew thy father; call'st thou him a child?

RICHARD. Ay, like a dastard and a treacherous coward, As thou didst kill our tender brother Rutland, But ere sunset I'll make thee curse the deed.

KING HENRY. Have done with words, my lords, and hear me speak.

QUEEN MARGARET. Defy them then, or else hold close thy lips.

KING HENRY. I prithee, give no limits to my tongue; I am a king, and privileg'd to speak.

CLIFFORD. My liege, the wound that bred this meeting here Cannot be cur'd by words; therefore be still.

RICHARD. Then, executioner, unsheathe thy sword. By him that made us all, I am resolv'd That Clifford's manhood lies upon his tongue.

EDWARD. Say, Henry, shall I have my right, or no? A thousand men have broke their fasts to-day That ne'er shall dine unless thou yield the crown.

WARWICK. If thou deny, their blood upon thy head; For York in justice puts his armour on.

PRINCE. If that be right which Warwick says is right, There is no wrong, but every thing is right.

RICHARD. Whoever got thee, there thy mother stands; For, well I wot, thou hast thy mother's tongue.

QUEEN MARGARET. But thou art neither like thy sire nor dam, But like a foul misshapen stigmatic, Mark'd by the destinies to be avoided, As venom toads or lizards' dreadful stings.

RICHARD. Iron of Naples hid with English gilt, Whose father bears the title of a king,— As if a channel should be call'd the sea,— Sham'st thou not, knowing whence thou art extraught, To let thy tongue detect thy base-born heart?

EDWARD. A wisp of straw were worth a thousand crowns To make this shameless callat know herself.— Helen of Greece was fairer far than thou, Although thy husband may be Menelaus; And ne'er was Agamemmon's brother wrong'd By that false woman as this king by thee. His father revell'd in the heart of France, And tam'd the king, and made the dauphin stoop; And, had he match'd according to his state, He might have kept that glory to this day; But when he took a beggar to his bed, And grac'd thy poor sire with his bridal day, Even then that sunshine brew'd a shower for him That wash'd his father's fortunes forth of France And heap'd sedition on his crown at home. For what hath broach'd this tumult but thy pride? Hadst thou been meek, our title still had slept; And we, in pity of the gentle king, Had slipp'd our claim until another age.

GEORGE. But when we saw our sunshine made thy spring, And that thy summer bred us no increase, We set the axe to thy usurping root; And though the edge hath something hit ourselves, Yet, know thou, since we have begun to strike, We'll never leave till we have hewn thee down Or bath'd thy growing with our heated bloods.

EDWARD. And in this resolution I defy thee; Not willing any longer conference, Since thou deniest the gentle king to speak.— Sound trumpets;—let our bloody colours wave, And either victory or else a grave!

QUEEN MARGARET. Stay, Edward.

EDWARD. No, wrangling woman, we'll no longer stay; These words will cost ten thousand lives this day.

[Exeunt.]



SCENE III. A field of battle between Towton.

[Alarums. Excursions. Enter WARWICK.]

WARWICK. Forspent with toil, as runners with a race, I lay me down a little while to breathe; For strokes receiv'd, and many blows repaid, Have robb'd my strong-knit sinews of their strength, And, spite of spite, needs must I rest awhile.

[Enter EDWARD, running.]

EDWARD. Smile, gentle heaven, or strike, ungentle death! For this world frowns and Edward's sun is clouded.

WARWICK. How now, my lord? what hap? what hope of good?

[Enter GEORGE.]

GEORGE. Our hap is lost, our hope but sad despair; Our ranks are broke and ruin follows us. What counsel give you? whither shall we fly?

EDWARD. Bootless is flight, they follow us with wings; And weak we are and cannot shun pursuit.

[Enter RICHARD.]

RICHARD. Ah, Warwick, why hast thou withdrawn thyself? Thy brother's blood the thirsty earth hath drunk, Broach'd with the steely point of Clifford's lance; And in the very pangs of death he cried, Like to a dismal clangor heard from far, 'Warwick, revenge! brother, revenge my death!' So, underneath the belly of their steeds That stain'd their fetlocks in his smoking blood, The noble gentleman gave up the ghost.

WARWICK. Then let the earth be drunken with our blood; I'll kill my horse, because I will not fly. Why stand we like soft-hearted women here, Wailing our losses whiles the foe doth rage, And look upon, as if the tragedy Were play'd in jest by counterfeiting actors? Here on my knee I vow to God above, I'll never pause again, never stand still, Till either death hath clos'd these eyes of mine, Or fortune given me measure of revenge.

EDWARD. O Warwick, I do bend my knee with thine, And in this vow do chain my soul to thine!— And, ere my knee rise from the earth's cold face, I throw my hands, mine eyes, my heart to thee, Thou setter-up and plucker-down of kings, Beseeching thee, if with thy will it stands That to my foes this body must be prey, Yet that thy brazen gates of heaven may ope, And give sweet passage to my sinful soul.— Now, lords, take leave until we meet again, Where'er it be, in heaven or in earth.

RICHARD. Brother, give me thy hand;—and, gentle Warwick, Let me embrace thee in my weary arms. I, that did never weep, now melt with woe, That winter should cut off our spring-time so.

WARWICK. Away, away! Once more, sweet lords, farewell.

GEORGE. Yet let us all together to our troops, And give them leave to fly that will not stay, And call them pillars that will stand to us; And if we thrive, promise them such rewards As victors wear at the Olympian games. This may plant courage in their quailing breasts, For yet is hope of life and victory.— Forslow no longer; make we hence amain.

[Exeunt.]



SCENE IV. Another Part of the Field.

[Excursions. Enter RICHARD and CLIFFORD.]

RICHARD. Now, Clifford, I have singled thee alone. Suppose this arm is for the Duke of York, And this for Rutland; both bound to revenge, Wert thou environ'd with a brazen wall.

CLIFFORD. Now, Richard, I am with thee here alone. This is the hand that stabbed thy father York, And this the hand that slew thy brother Rutland; And here's the heart that triumphs in their death, And cheers these hands that slew thy sire and brother To execute the like upon thyself; And so have at thee!

[They fight. Warwick enters; Clifford flies.]

RICHARD. Nay, Warwick, single out some other chase; For I myself will hunt this wolf to death.

[Exeunt.]



SCENE V. Another Part of the Field.

[Alarum. Enter KING HENRY.]

KING HENRY. This battle fares like to the morning's war, When dying clouds contend with growing light, What time the shepherd, blowing of his nails, Can neither call it perfect day nor night. Now sways it this way, like a mighty sea Forc'd by the tide to combat with the wind; Now sways it that way, like the selfsame sea Forc'd to retire by fury of the wind. Sometime the flood prevails, and then the wind, Now one the better, then another best, Both tugging to be victors, breast to breast, Yet neither conqueror nor conquered; So is the equal poise of this fell war. Here on this molehill will I sit me down. To whom God will, there be the victory! For Margaret my queen, and Clifford too, Have chid me from the battle, swearing both They prosper best of all when I am thence. Would I were dead! if God's good will were so; For what is in this world but grief and woe? O God! methinks it were a happy life, To be no better than a homely swain; To sit upon a hill, as I do now, To carve out dials quaintly, point by point, Thereby to see the minutes how they run, How many make the hour full complete, How many hours brings about the day,

How many days will finish up the year, How many years a mortal man may live. When this is known, then to divide the times; So many hours must I tend my flock; So many hours must I take my rest; So many hours must I contemplate; So many hours must I sport myself; So many days my ewes have been with young; So many weeks ere the poor fools will ean; So many years ere I shall shear the fleece. So minutes, hours, days, months, and years, Pass'd over to the end they were created, Would bring white hairs unto a quiet grave. Ah, what a life were this! how sweet! how lovely! Gives not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade To shepherds looking on their silly sheep Than doth a rich embroider'd canopy To kings that fear their subjects' treachery? O, yes, it doth; a thousand-fold it doth! And to conclude, the shepherd's homely curds, His cold thin drink out of his leather bottle, His wonted sleep under a fresh tree's shade, All which secure and sweetly he enjoys, Is far beyond a prince's delicates, His viands sparkling in a golden cup, His body couched in a curious bed, When care, mistrust, and treason wait on him.

[Alarum. Enter a Son that hath killed his father, bringing in the dead body.]

SON. Ill blows the wind that profits nobody. This man, whom hand to hand I slew in fight, May be possessed with some store of crowns; And I, that haply take them from him now, May yet ere night yield both my life and them To some man else, as this dead man doth me.— Who's this?—O God! it is my father's face, Whom in this conflict I unwares have kill'd. O heavy times, begetting such events! From London by the king was I press'd forth; My father, being the Earl of Warwick's man, Came on the part of York, press'd by his master; And I, who at his hands receiv'd my life, Have by my hands of life bereaved him.— Pardon me, God, I knew not what I did;— And pardon, father, for I knew not thee.— My tears shall wipe away these bloody marks, And no more words till they have flow'd their fill.

KING HENRY. O piteous spectacle! O bloody times! Whiles lions war and battle for their dens, Poor harmless lambs abide their enmity. Weep, wretched man, I'll aid thee tear for tear; And let our hearts and eyes, like civil war, Be blind with tears and break o'ercharg'd with grief.

[Enter a Father who has killed his son, with the body in his arms.]

FATHER. Thou that so stoutly hath resisted me, Give me thy gold, if thou hast any gold, For I have bought it with an hundred blows.— But let me see;—is this our foeman's face? Ah, no, no, no! it is mine only son!— Ah, boy, if any life be left in thee, Throw up thine eye; see, see what showers arise, Blown with the windy tempest of my heart, Upon thy wounds that kill mine eye and heart!— O, pity, God, this miserable age!— What stratagems, how fell, how butcherly, Erroneous, mutinous, and unnatural, This deadly quarrel daily doth beget!— O boy, thy father gave thee life too soon, And hath bereft thee of thy life too late!

KING HENRY. Woe above woe! grief more than common grief! O that my death would stay these ruthful deeds!— O pity, pity! gentle heaven, pity!— The red rose and the white are on his face, The fatal colours of our striving houses; The one his purple blood right well resembles, The other his pale cheeks, methinks, presenteth. Wither one rose, and let the other flourish! If you contend, a thousand lives must wither.

SON. How will my mother, for a father's death, Take on with me and ne'er be satisfied!

FATHER. How will my wife, for slaughter of my son, Shed seas of tears and ne'er be satisfied!

KING HENRY. How will the country, for these woeful chances, Misthink the king and not be satisfied!

SON. Was ever son so rued a father's death?

FATHER. Was ever father so bemoan'd his son?

KING HENRY. Was ever king so griev'd for subjects' woe? Much is your sorrow, mine ten times so much.

SON. I'll bear thee hence, where I may weep my fill.

[Exit with the body.]

FATHER. These arms of mine shall be thy winding-sheet; My heart, sweet boy, shall be thy sepulchre, For from my heart thine image ne'er shall go; My sighing breast shall be thy funeral bell; And so obsequious will thy father be, Even for the loss of thee, having no more, As Priam was for all his valiant sons. I'll bear thee hence; and let them fight that will, For I have murder'd where I should not kill.

[Exit with the body.]

KING HENRY. Sad-hearted men, much overgone with care, Here sits a king more woeful than you are.

[Alarums. Excursions. Enter QUEEN MARGARET, PRINCE OF WALES, and EXETER.]

PRINCE. Fly, father, fly! for all your friends are fled, And Warwick rages like a chafed bull. Away! for death doth hold us in pursuit.

QUEEN MARGARET. Mount you, my lord; towards Berwick post amain. Edward and Richard, like a brace of greyhounds, Having the fearful flying hare in sight, With fiery eyes, sparkling for very wrath, And bloody steel grasp'd in their ireful hands, Are at our backs; and therefore hence amain.

EXETER. Away! for vengeance comes along with them. Nay, stay not to expostulate; make speed, Or else come after; I'll away before.

KING HENRY. Nay, take me with thee, good sweet Exeter; Not that I fear to stay, but love to go Whither the queen intends. Forward! away!

[Exeunt.]



SCENE VI. Another Part of the Field

[A loud alarum. Enter CLIFFORD, wounded.]

CLIFFORD. Here burns my candle out; ay, here it dies, Which whiles it lasted gave King Henry light. O Lancaster! I fear thy overthrow More than my body's parting with my soul! My love and fear glued many friends to thee; And, now I fall, thy tough commixtures melt, Impairing Henry, strengthening mis-proud York. The common people swarm like summer flies; And whither fly the gnats but to the sun? And who shines now but Henry's enemies? O Phoebus, hadst thou never given consent That Phaethon should check thy fiery steeds, Thy burning car never had scorch'd the earth! And, Henry, hadst thou sway'd as kings should do, Or as thy father and his father did, Giving no ground unto the house of York, They never then had sprung like summer flies; I, and ten thousand in this luckless realm, Had left no mourning widows for our death, And thou this day hadst kept thy chair in peace. For what doth cherish weeds but gentle air? And what makes robbers bold but too much lenity? Bootless are plaints, and cureless are my wounds; No way to fly, nor strength to hold out flight. The foe is merciless and will not pity, For at their hands I have deserv'd no pity. The air hath got into my deadly wounds, And much effuse of blood doth make me faint.— Come, York and Richard, Warwick, and the rest; I stabb'd your fathers' bosoms, split my breast.

[He faints.]

[Alarum and retreat. Enter EDWARD, GEORGE, RICHARD, MONTAGUE, WARWICK, and Soldiers.]

EDWARD. Now breathe we, lords; good fortune bids us pause, And smooth the frowns of war with peaceful looks.— Some troops pursue the bloody-minded queen That led calm Henry, though he were a king, As doth a sail, fill'd with a fretting gust, Command an argosy to stem the waves. But think you, lords, that Clifford fled with them?

WARWICK. No, 't is impossible he should escape; For, though before his face I speak the words, Your brother Richard mark'd him for the grave, And whereso'er he is he's surely dead.

[Clifford groans and dies.]

EDWARD. Whose soul is that which takes her heavy leave?

RICHARD. A deadly groan, like life and death's departing.

EDWARD. See who it is; and, now the battle's ended, If friend or foe, let him be gently us'd.

RICHARD. Revoke that doom of mercy, for 't is Clifford, Who, not contented that he lopp'd the branch, In hewing Rutland when his leaves put forth, But set his murthering knife unto the root From whence that tender spray did sweetly spring; I mean our princely father, Duke of York.

WARWICK. From off the gates of York fetch down the head, Your father's head, which Clifford placed there; Instead whereof, let this supply the room. Measure for measure must be answered.

EDWARD. Bring forth that fatal screech-owl to our house, That nothing sung but death to us and ours; Now death shall stop his dismal threatening sound, And his ill-boding tongue no more shall speak.

[Soldiers bring the body forward.]

WARWICK. I think his understanding is bereft.— Speak, Clifford, dost thou know who speaks to thee?— Dark cloudy death o'ershades his beams of life, And he nor sees nor hears us, what we say.

RICHARD. O, would he did! and so, perhaps, he doth; 'T is but his policy to counterfeit, Because he would avoid such bitter taunts Which in the time of death he gave our father.

GEORGE. If so thou think'st, vex him with eager words.

RICHARD. Clifford, ask mercy, and obtain no grace.

EDWARD. Clifford, repent in bootless penitence.

WARWICK. Clifford, devise excuses for thy faults.

GEORGE. While we devise fell tortures for thy faults.

RICHARD. Thou didst love York, and I am son to York.

EDWARD. Thou pitiedst Rutland, I will pity thee.

GEORGE. Where's Captain Margaret to fence you now?

WARWICK. They mock thee, Clifford; swear as thou wast wont.

RICHARD. What! not an oath? nay then, the world goes hard When Clifford cannot spare his friends an oath.— I know by that he's dead; and, by my soul, If this right hand would buy two hours' life, That I in all despite might rail at him, This hand should chop it off, and with the issuing blood Stifle the villain whose unstanched thirst York and young Rutland could not satisfy.

WARWICK. Ay, but he's dead. Off with the traitor's head, And rear it in the place your father's stands.— And now to London with triumphant march, There to be crowned England's royal king; From whence shall Warwick cut the sea to France, And ask the Lady Bona for thy queen. So shalt thou sinew both these lands together, And, having France thy friend, thou shalt not dread The scatt'red foe that hopes to rise again; For though they cannot greatly sting to hurt, Yet look to have them buzz to offend thine ears. First will I see the coronation, And then to Brittany I'll cross the sea To effect this marriage, so it please my lord.

EDWARD. Even as thou wilt, sweet Warwick, let it be; For in thy shoulder do I build my seat, And never will I undertake the thing Wherein thy counsel and consent is wanting.— Richard, I will create thee Duke of Gloster;— And George, of Clarence.—Warwick, as ourself, Shall do and undo as him pleaseth best.

RICHARD. Let me be Duke of Clarence, George of Gloster, For Gloster's dukedom is too ominous.

WARWICK. Tut! that's a foolish observation; Richard, be Duke of Gloster. Now to London, To see these honours in possession.

[Exeunt.]



ACT III.

SCENE I. A Forest in the North of England.

[Enter two Keepers, with crossbows in their hands.]

1 KEEPER. Under this thick-grown brake we'll shroud ourselves, For through this laund anon the deer will come; And in this covert will we make our stand, Culling the principal of all the deer.

2 KEEPER. I'll stay above the hill, so both may shoot.

1 KEEPER. That cannot be; the noise of thy crossbow Will scare the herd, and so my shoot is lost. Here stand we both, and aim we at the best; And, for the time shall not seem tedious, I'll tell thee what befell me on a day In this self place where now we mean to stand.

2 KEEPER. Here comes a man; let's stay till he be past.

[Enter KING HENRY, disguised, with a prayer-book.]

KING HENRY. From Scotland am I stolen, even of pure love, To greet mine own land with my wishful sight. No, Harry, Harry, 't is no land of thine; Thy place is fill'd, thy sceptre wrung from thee, Thy balm wash'd off wherewith thou wast anointed. No bending knee will call thee Caesar now, No humble suitors press to speak for right; No, not a man comes for redress of thee, For how can I help them, and not myself?

1 KEEPER. Ay, here's a deer whose skin's a keeper's fee. This is the quondam king; let's seize upon him.

KING HENRY. Let me embrace thee, sour adversity; For wise men say it is the wisest course.

2 KEEPER. Why linger we? let us lay hands upon him.

1 KEEPER. Forbear awhile; we'll hear a little more.

KING HENRY. My queen and son are gone to France for aid; And, as I hear, the great commanding Warwick Is thither gone to crave the French king's sister To wife for Edward. If this news be true, Poor queen and son, your labour is but lost, For Warwick is a subtle orator, And Lewis a prince soon won with moving words. By this account then Margaret may win him, For she's a woman to be pitied much. Her sighs will make a batt'ry in his breast, Her tears will pierce into a marble heart; The tiger will be mild whiles she doth mourn, And Nero will be tainted with remorse To hear and see her plaints, her brinish tears. Ay, but she's come to beg, Warwick to give; She on his left side craving aid for Henry, He on his right asking a wife for Edward. She weeps and says her Henry is depos'd, He smiles and says his Edward is install'd; That she, poor wretch, for grief can speak no more; Whiles Warwick tells his title, smooths the wrong, Inferreth arguments of mighty strength, And, in conclusion, wins the king from her, With promise of his sister, and what else, To strengthen and support King Edward's place. O Margaret, thus 't will be! and thou, poor soul, Art then forsaken, as thou went'st forlorn!

2 KEEPER. Say, what art thou, that talk'st of kings and queens?

KING HENRY. More than I seem, and less than I was born to; A man at least, for less I should not be; And men may talk of kings, and why not I?

2 KEEPER. Ay, but thou talk'st as if thou wert a king.

KING HENRY. Why, so I am, in mind; and that's enough.

2 KEEPER. But, if thou be a king, where is thy crown?

KING HENRY. My crown is in my heart, not on my head, Not deck'd with diamonds and Indian stones, Not to be seen; my crown is call'd content, A crown it is that seldom kings enjoy.

2 KEEPER. Well, if you be a king crown'd with content, Your crown content and you must be contented To go along with us; for, as we think, You are the king King Edward hath depos'd, And we his subjects, sworn in all allegiance, Will apprehend you as his enemy.

KING HENRY. But did you never swear, and break an oath?

2 KEEPER. No, never such an oath; nor will not now.

KING HENRY. Where did you dwell when I was King of England?

2 KEEPER. Here in this country, where we now remain.

KING HENRY. I was anointed king at nine months old, My father and my grandfather were kings, And you were sworn true subjects unto me; And tell me, then, have you not broke your oaths?

1 KEEPER. No; For we were subjects but while you were king.

KING HENRY. Why, am I dead? do I not breathe, a man? Ah, simple men! you know not what you swear. Look, as I blow this feather from my face, And as the air blows it to me again, Obeying with my wind when I do blow, And yielding to another when it blows, Commanded always by the greater gust, Such is the lightness of you common men. But do not break your oaths; for of that sin My mild entreaty shall not make you guilty. Go where you will, the king shall be commanded; And be you kings, command, and I'll obey.

1 KEEPER. We are true subjects to the king,—King Edward.

KING HENRY. So would you be again to Henry If he were seated as King Edward is.

1 KEEPER. We charge you, in God's name and the king's To go with us unto the officers.

KING HENRY. In God's name lead; your king's name be obey'd; And what God will, that let your king perform; And what he will, I humbly yield unto.

[Exeunt.]



SCENE II. The palace.

[Enter KING EDWARD, GLOSTER, CLARENCE, and LADY GREY.]

KING EDWARD. Brother of Gloster, at Saint Alban's field This lady's husband, Sir John Grey, was slain, His land then seiz'd on by the conqueror; Her suit is now to repossess those lands, Which we in justice cannot well deny, Because in quarrel of the house of York The worthy gentleman did lose his life.

GLOSTER. Your highness shall do well to grant her suit; It were dishonour to deny it her.

KING EDWARD. It were no less; but yet I'll make a pause.

GLOSTER. [Aside to Clarence.] Yea; is it so? I see the lady hath a thing to grant Before the king will grant her humble suit.

CLARENCE. [Aside to Gloster.] He knows the game; how true he keeps the wind!

GLOSTER. [Aside to Clarence.] Silence!

KING EDWARD. Widow, we will consider of your suit, And come some other time to know our mind.

LADY GREY. Right gracious lord, I cannot brook delay; May it please your highness to resolve me now, And what your pleasure is shall satisfy me.

GLOSTER. [Aside to Clarence.] Ay, widow? then I'll warrant you all your lands, An if what pleases him shall pleasure you. Fight closer, or, good faith, you'll catch a blow.

CLARENCE. [Aside to Gloster.] I fear her not, unless she chance to fall.

GLOSTER. [Aside to CLARENCE.] God forbid that, for he'll take vantages.

KING EDWARD. How many children hast thou, widow? tell me.

CLARENCE. [Aside to Gloster.] I think he means to beg a child of her.

GLOSTER. [Aside to Clarence.] Nay, whip me then; he'll rather give her two.

LADY GREY. Three, my most gracious lord.

GLOSTER. [Aside to Clarence.] You shall have four if you'll be rul'd by him.

KING EDWARD. 'T were pity they should lose their father's lands.

LADY GREY. Be pitiful, dread lord, and grant it then.

KING EDWARD. Lords, give us leave; I'll try this widow's wit.

GLOSTER. [Aside to Clarence.] Ay, good leave have you; for you will have leave Till youth take leave and leave you to the crutch.

[Gloster and Clarence stand apart.]

KING EDWARD. Now tell me, madam, do you love your children?

LADY GREY. Ay, full as dearly as I love myself.

KING EDWARD. And would you not do much to do them good?

LADY GREY. To do them good I would sustain some harm.

KING EDWARD. Then get your husband's lands to do them good.

LADY GREY. Therefore I came unto your majesty.

KING EDWARD. I'll tell you how these lands are to be got.

LADY GREY. So shall you bind me to your highness' service.

KING EDWARD. What service wilt thou do me if I give them?

LADY GREY. What you command that rests in me to do.

KING EDWARD. But you will take exceptions to my boon.

LADY GREY. No, gracious lord, except I cannot do it.

KING EDWARD. Ay, but thou canst do what I mean to ask.

LADY GREY. Why, then, I will do what your grace commands.

GLOSTER. He plies her hard; and much rain wears the marble.

CLARENCE. As red as fire! nay, then her wax must melt.

LADY GREY. Why stops my lord? shall I not hear my task?

KING EDWARD. An easy task; 't is but to love a king.

LADY GREY. That's soon perform'd, because I am a subject.

KING EDWARD. Why, then, thy husband's lands I freely give thee.

LADY GREY. I take my leave with many thousand thanks.

GLOSTER. The match is made; she seals it with a curtsy.

KING EDWARD. But stay thee; 't is the fruits of love I mean.

LADY GREY. The fruits of love I mean, my loving liege.

KING EDWARD. Ay, but, I fear me, in another sense. What love, thinkst thou, I sue so much to get?

LADY GREY. My love till death, my humble thanks, my prayers; That love which virtue begs, and virtue grants.

KING EDWARD. No, by my troth, I did not mean such love.

LADY GREY. Why, then, you mean not as I thought you did.

KING EDWARD. But now you partly may perceive my mind.

LADY GREY. My mind will never grant what I perceive Your Highness aims at, if I aim aright.

KING EDWARD. To tell thee plain, I aim to lie with thee.

LADY GREY. To tell you plain, I had rather lie in prison.

KING EDWARD. Why, then thou shalt not have thy husband's lands.

LADY GREY. Why, then mine honesty shall be my dower, For by that loss I will not purchase them.

KING EDWARD. Therein thou wrong'st thy children mightily.

LADY GREY. Herein your highness wrongs both them and me. But, mighty lord, this merry inclination Accords not with the sadness of my suit; Please you dismiss me either with ay or no.

KING EDWARD. Ay, if thou wilt say ay to my request. No, if thou dost say no to my demand.

LADY GREY. Then no, my lord. My suit is at an end.

GLOSTER. The widow likes him not, she knits her brows.

CLARENCE. He is the bluntest wooer in Christendom.

KING EDWARD. [Aside.] Her looks doth argue her replete with modesty, Her words doth show her wit incomparable, All her perfections challenge sovereignty; One way or other she is for a king, And she shall be my love, or else my queen.— Say that King Edward take thee for his queen?

LADY GREY. 'T is better said than done, my gracious lord; I am a subject fit to jest withal, But far unfit to be a sovereign.

KING EDWARD. Sweet widow, by my state I swear to thee, I speak no more than what my soul intends; And that is to enjoy thee for my love.

LADY GREY. And that is more than I will yield unto. I know I am too mean to be your queen, And yet too good to be your concubine.

KING EDWARD. You cavil, widow; I did mean my queen.

LADY GREY. 'T will grieve your grace my sons should call you father.

KING EDWARD. No more than when my daughters call thee mother. Thou art a widow, and thou hast some children; And, by God's mother, I, being but a bachelor, Have other some; why, 't is a happy thing To be the father unto many sons. Answer no more, for thou shalt be my queen.

GLOSTER. The ghostly father now hath done his shrift.

CLARENCE. When he was made a shriver, 't was for shift.

KING EDWARD. Brothers, you muse what chat we two have had.

[Gloster and Clarence come forward.]

GLOSTER. The widow likes it not, for she looks very sad.

KING EDWARD. You'd think it strange if I should marry her.

CLARENCE. To whom, my lord?

KING EDWARD. Why, Clarence, to myself.

GLOSTER. That would be ten days' wonder, at the least.

CLARENCE. That's a day longer than a wonder lasts.

GLOSTER. By so much is the wonder in extremes.

KING EDWARD. Well, jest on, brothers; I can tell you both, Her suit is granted for her husband's lands.

[Enter a Nobleman.]

NOBLEMAN. My gracious lord, Henry your foe is taken, And brought your prisoner to your palace gate.

KING EDWARD. See that he be convey'd unto the Tower.— And go we, brothers, to the man that took him, To question of his apprehension.— Widow, go you along.—Lords, use her honourably.

[Exeunt King Edward, Lady Grey, Clarence, and Nobleman.]

GLOSTER. Ay, Edward will use women honourably. Would he were wasted, marrow, bones, and all, That from his loins no hopeful branch may spring, To cross me from the golden time I look for! And yet, between my soul's desire and me— The lustful Edward's title buried— Is Clarence, Henry, and his son young Edward, And all the unlook'd-for issue of their bodies, To take their rooms ere I can place myself; A cold premeditation for my purpose! Why, then I do but dream on sovereignty, Like one that stands upon a promontory, And spies a far-off shore where he would tread, Wishing his foot were equal with his eye, And chides the sea that sunders him from thence, Saying, he'll lade it dry to have his way. So do I wish the crown, being so far off, And so I chide the means that keeps me from it; And so I say I'll cut the causes off, Flattering me with impossibilities.— My eye's too quick, my heart o'erweens too much, Unless my hand and strength could equal them. Well, say there is no kingdom then for Richard, What other pleasure can the world afford? I'll make my heaven in a lady's lap, And deck my body in gay ornaments, And witch sweet ladies with my words and looks. O miserable thought! and more unlikely Than to accomplish twenty golden crowns. Why, love forswore me in my mother's womb; And, for I should not deal in her soft laws, She did corrupt frail nature with some bribe To shrink mine arm up like a wither'd shrub; To make an envious mountain on my back, Where sits deformity to mock my body; To shape my legs of an unequal size; To disproportion me in every part, Like to a chaos, or an unlick'd bear-whelp That carries no impression like the dam. And am I then a man to be belov'd? O, monstrous fault, to harbour such a thought! Then, since this earth affords no joy to me But to command, to check, to o'erbear such As are of better person than myself, I'll make my heaven to dream upon the crown, And, whiles I live, to account this world but hell Until my mis-shap'd trunk that bear this head Be round impaled with a glorious crown. And yet I know not how to get the crown, For many lives stand between me and home, And I, like one lost in a thorny wood, That rends the thorns, and is rent with the thorns, Seeking a way, and straying from the way, Not knowing how to find the open air, But toiling desperately to find it out, Torment myself to catch the English crown; And from that torment I will free myself, Or hew my way out with a bloody axe. Why, I can smile, and murther while I smile, And cry 'Content!' to that which grieves my heart, And wet my cheeks with artificial tears, And frame my face to all occasions. I'll drown more sailors than the mermaid shall, I'll slay more gazers than the basilisk; I'll play the orator as well as Nestor, Deceive more slyly than Ulysses could, And like a Sinon take another Troy. I can add colours to the chameleon, Change shapes with Protheus for advantages, And set the murtherous Machiavel to school. Can I do this, and cannot get a crown? Tut, were it farther off, I'll pluck it down.

[Exit.]



SCENE III. France. The King's Palace.

[Flourish. Enter LEWIS, the French King, and LADY BONA, attended: the King takes his state. Then enter QUEEN MARGARET, PRINCE EDWARD, and the EARL OF OXFORD; LEWIS rising as she enters.]

KING LEWIS. Fair Queen of England, worthy Margaret, Sit down with us; it ill befits thy state And birth that thou shouldst stand while Lewis doth sit.

QUEEN MARGARET. No, mighty King of France; now Margaret Must strike her sail and learn a while to serve Where kings command. I was, I must confess, Great Albion's queen in former golden days; But now mischance hath trod my title down And with dishonour laid me on the ground, Where I must take like seat unto my fortune, And to my humble seat conform myself.

KING LEWIS. Why, say, fair queen, whence springs this deep despair?

QUEEN MARGARET. From such a cause as fills mine eyes with tears And stops my tongue, while heart is drown'd in cares.

KING LEWIS. Whate'er it be, be thou still like thyself, And sit thee by our side; yield not thy neck

[Seats her by him.]

To fortune's yoke, but let thy dauntless mind Still ride in triumph over all mischance. Be plain, Queen Margaret, and tell thy grief; It shall be eas'd if France can yield relief.

QUEEN MARGARET. Those gracious words revive my drooping thoughts, And give my tongue-tied sorrows leave to speak. Now, therefore, be it known to noble Lewis That Henry, sole possessor of my love, Is of a king become a banish'd man And forc'd to live in Scotland a forlorn, While proud ambitious Edward, Duke of York, Usurps the regal title and the seat Of England's true-anointed lawful king. This is the cause that I, poor Margaret, With this my son, Prince Edward, Henry's heir, Am come to crave thy just and lawful aid; And if thou fail us, all our hope is done. Scotland hath will to help, but cannot help; Our people and our peers are both misled, Our treasure seiz'd, our soldiers put to flight, And, as thou seest, ourselves in heavy plight.

KING LEWIS. Renowned queen, with patience calm the storm While we bethink a means to break it off.

QUEEN MARGARET. The more we stay, the stronger grows our foe.

KING LEWIS. The more I stay, the more I'll succour thee.

QUEEN MARGARET. O, but impatience waiteth on true sorrow!— And see where comes the breeder of my sorrow.

[Enter WARWICK, attended.]

KING LEWIS. What's he approacheth boldly to our presence?

QUEEN MARGARET. Our Earl of Warwick, Edward's greatest friend.

KING LEWIS. Welcome, brave Warwick. What brings thee to France?

[He descends. Queen Margaret rises.]

QUEEN MARGARET. Ay, now begins a second storm to rise, For this is he that moves both wind and tide.

WARWICK. From worthy Edward, king of Albion, My lord and sovereign, and thy vowed friend, I come, in kindness and unfeigned love, First, to do greetings to thy royal person; And then, to crave a league of amity; And lastly, to confirm that amity With nuptial knot, if thou vouchsafe to grant That virtuous Lady Bona, thy fair sister, To England's king in lawful marriage.

QUEEN MARGARET. [Aside.] If that go forward, Henry's hope is done.

WARWICK. [To BONA.] And, gracious madam, in our king's behalf, I am commanded, with your leave and favour, Humbly to kiss your hand, and with my tongue To tell the passion of my sovereign's heart, Where fame, late entering at his heedful ears, Hath plac'd thy beauty's image and thy virtue.

QUEEN MARGARET. King Lewis,—and Lady Bona,—hear me speak Before you answer Warwick. His demand Springs not from Edward's well-meant honest love, But from deceit, bred by necessity; For how can tyrants safely govern home Unless abroad they purchase great alliance? To prove him tyrant this reason may suffice,— That Henry liveth still; but were he dead, Yet here Prince Edward stands, King Henry's son. Look therefore, Lewis, that by this league and marriage Thou draw not on thy danger and dishonour; For though usurpers sway the rule awhile, Yet heavens are just, and time suppresseth wrongs.

WARWICK. Injurious Margaret!

PRINCE. And why not queen?

WARWICK. Because thy father Henry did usurp, And thou no more art prince than she is queen.

OXFORD. Then Warwick disannuls great John of Gaunt, Which did subdue the greatest part of Spain; And, after John of Gaunt, Henry the Fourth, Whose wisdom was a mirror to the wisest; And, after that wise prince, Henry the Fifth, Who by his prowess conquered all France. From these our Henry lineally descends.

WARWICK. Oxford, how haps it in this smooth discourse, You told not how Henry the Sixth hath lost All that which Henry the Fifth had gotten? Methinks these peers of France should smile at that. But for the rest, you tell a pedigree Of threescore and two years,—a silly time To make prescription for a kingdom's worth.

OXFORD. Why, Warwick, canst thou speak against thy liege, Whom thou obeyedst thirty and six years, And not bewray thy treason with a blush?

WARWICK. Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right, Now buckler falsehood with a pedigree? For shame Leave Henry, and call Edward king.

OXFORD. Call him my king by whose injurious doom My elder brother, the Lord Aubrey Vere, Was done to death? and more than so, my father, Even in the downfall of his mellow'd years, When nature brought him to the door of death? No, Warwick, no; while life upholds this arm, This arm upholds the house of Lancaster.

WARWICK. And I the house of York.

KING LEWIS. Queen Margaret, Prince Edward, and Oxford, Vouchsafe at our request to stand aside While I use further conference with Warwick.

QUEEN MARGARET. Heavens grant that Warwick's words bewitch him not!

[They stand aloof.]

KING LEWIS. Now, Warwick, tell me, even upon thy conscience, Is Edward your true king? for I were loath To link with him that were not lawful chosen.

WARWICK. Thereon I pawn my credit and mine honour.

KING LEWIS. But is he gracious in the people's eye?

WARWICK. The more that Henry was unfortunate.

LEWIS. Then further, all dissembling set aside, Tell me for truth the measure of his love Unto our sister Bona.

WARWICK. Such it seems As may beseem a monarch like himself. Myself have often heard him say and swear That this his love was an eternal plant, Whereof the root was fix'd in virtue's ground, The leaves and fruit maintain'd with beauty's sun, Exempt from envy, but not from disdain, Unless the Lady Bona quit his pain.

LEWIS. Now, sister, let us hear your firm resolve.

BONA. Your grant or your denial shall be mine. Yet I confess [to Warwick] that often ere this day, When I have heard your king's desert recounted, Mine ear hath tempted judgment to desire.

KING LEWIS. Then, Warwick, thus: our sister shall be Edward's; And now forthwith shall articles be drawn Touching the jointure that your king must make, Which with her dowry shall be counterpois'd.— Draw near, Queen Margaret, and be a witness That Bona shall be wife to the English king.

PRINCE. To Edward, but not to the English king.

QUEEN MARGARET. Deceitful Warwick! it was thy device By this alliance to make void my suit. Before thy coming Lewis was Henry's friend.

KING LEWIS. And still is friend to him and Margaret; But if your title to the crown be weak, As may appear by Edward's good success, Then 't is but reason that I be releas'd From giving aid which late I promised. Yet shall you have all kindness at my hand That your estate requires and mine can yield.

WARWICK. Henry now lives in Scotland, at his ease, Where, having nothing, nothing can he lose. And as for you yourself, our quondam queen, You have a father able to maintain you, And better 't were you troubled him than France.

QUEEN MARGARET. Peace, impudent and shameless Warwick, Proud setter-up and puller-down of kings! I will not hence, till, with my talk and tears, Both full of truth, I make King Lewis behold Thy sly conveyance and thy lord's false love; For both of you are birds of selfsame feather.

[A horn sounded within.]

KING LEWIS. Warwick, this is some post to us or thee.

[Enter the Post.]

POST. My lord ambassador, these letters are for you. Sent from your brother Marquess Montague.— These from our king unto your majesty.— And, madam, these for you, from whom I know not.

[They all read their letters.]

OXFORD. I like it well that our fair queen and mistress Smiles at her news while Warwick frowns at his.

PRINCE. Nay, mark how Lewis stamps as he were nettled; I hope all's for the best.

KING LEWIS. Warwick, what are thy news?—and yours, fair queen?

QUEEN MARGARET. Mine, such as fill my heart with unhop'd joys.

WARWICK. Mine, full of sorrow and heart's discontent.

KING LEWIS. What! has your king married the Lady Grey, And now, to soothe your forgery and his, Sends me a paper to persuade me patience? Is this the alliance that he seeks with France? Dare he presume to scorn us in this manner?

QUEEN MARGARET. I told your majesty as much before;

This proveth Edward's love and Warwick's honesty.

WARWICK. King Lewis, I here protest, in sight of heaven, And by the hope I have of heavenly bliss, That I am clear from this misdeed of Edward's; No more my king, for he dishonours me, But most himself, if he could see his shame. Did I forget that by the house of York My father came untimely to his death? Did I let pass the abuse done to my niece? Did I impale him with the regal crown? Did I put Henry from his native right? And am I guerdon'd at the last with shame? Shame on himself! for my desert is honour; And to repair my honour lost for him, I here renounce him and return to Henry.— My noble queen, let former grudges pass, And henceforth I am thy true servitor. I will revenge his wrong to Lady Bona, And replant Henry in his former state.

QUEEN MARGARET. Warwick, these words have turn'd my hate to love; And I forgive and quite forget old faults, And joy that thou becom'st King Henry's friend.

WARWICK. So much his friend, ay, his unfeigned friend, That if King Lewis vouchsafe to furnish us With some few bands of chosen soldiers, I'll undertake to land them on our coast And force the tyrant from his seat by war. 'T is not his new-made bride shall succour him; And as for Clarence,—as my letters tell me,— He's very likely now to fall from him, For matching more for wanton lust than honour, Or than for strength and safety of our country.

BONA. Dear brother, how shall Bona be reveng'd But by thy help to this distressed queen?

QUEEN MARGARET. Renowned prince, how shall poor Henry live Unless thou rescue him from foul despair?

BONA. My quarrel and this English queen's are one.

WARWICK. And mine, fair Lady Bona, joins with yours.

KING LEWIS. And mine with hers, and thine, and Margaret's. Therefore, at last, I firmly am resolv'd You shall have aid.

QUEEN MARGARET. Let me give humble thanks for all at once.

KING LEWIS. Then, England's messenger, return in post And tell false Edward, thy supposed king, That Lewis of France is sending over maskers To revel it with him and his new bride. Thou seest what's past; go fear thy king withal.

BONA. Tell him, in hope he'll prove a widower shortly, I'll wear the willow garland for his sake.

QUEEN MARGARET. Tell him my mourning weeds are laid aside, And I am ready to put armour on.

WARWICK. Tell him from me that he hath done me wrong, And therefore I'll uncrown him ere 't be long. There's thy reward; be gone.

[Exit Post.]

KING LEWIS. But, Warwick, Thou and Oxford, with five thousand men, Shall cross the seas and bid false Edward battle; And, as occasion serves, this noble queen And prince shall follow with a fresh supply. Yet, ere thou go, but answer me one doubt: What pledge have we of thy firm loyalty?

WARWICK. This shall assure my constant loyalty,— That if our queen and this young prince agree, I'll join mine eldest daughter and my joy To him forthwith in holy wedlock bands.

QUEEN MARGARET. Yes, I agree, and thank you for your motion.— Son Edward, she is fair and virtuous; Therefore delay not, give thy hand to Warwick, And with thy hand thy faith irrevocable That only Warwick's daughter shall be thine.

PRINCE. Yes, I accept her, for she well deserves it; And here, to pledge my vow, I give my hand.

[He gives his hand to Warwick.]

KING LEWIS. Why stay we now? These soldiers shall be levied, And thou, Lord Bourbon, our high admiral, Shall waft them over with our royal fleet.— I long till Edward fall by war's mischance For mocking marriage with a dame of France.

[Exeunt all but Warwick.]

WARWICK. I came from Edward as ambassador, But I return his sworn and mortal foe; Matter of marriage was the charge he gave me, But dreadful war shall answer his demand. Had he none else to make a stale but me? Then none but I shall turn his jest to sorrow. I was the chief that rais'd him to the crown, And I'll be chief to bring him down again; Not that I pity Henry's misery, But seek revenge on Edward's mockery.

[Exit.]



ACT IV.

SCENE I. London. The Palace

[Enter GLOSTER, CLARENCE, SOMERSET, and MONTAGUE.]

GLOSTER. Now tell me, brother Clarence, what think you Of this new marriage with the Lady Grey? Hath not our brother made a worthy choice?

CLARENCE. Alas! you know 't is far from hence to France; How could he stay till Warwick made return?

SOMERSET. My lords, forbear this talk; here comes the King.

[Flourish. Enter KING EDWARD, attended; LADY GREY, as Queen; PEMBROKE, STAFFORD, HASTINGS, and others.]

GLOSTER. And his well-chosen bride.

CLARENCE. I mind to tell him plainly what I think.

KING EDWARD. Now, brother Clarence, how like you our choice That you stand pensive as half malcontent?

CLARENCE. As well as Lewis of France, or the Earl of Warwick, Which are so weak of courage and in judgment That they'll take no offence at our abuse.

KING EDWARD. Suppose they take offence without a cause, They are but Lewis and Warwick: I am Edward, Your King and Warwick's, and must have my will.

GLOSTER. And shall have your will, because our King; Yet hasty marriage seldom proveth well.

KING EDWARD. Yea, brother Richard, are you offended too?

GLOSTER. Not I. No; God forbid that I should wish them sever'd Whom God hath join'd together; ay, and 't were pity To sunder them that yoke so well together.

KING EDWARD. Setting your scorns and your mislike aside, Tell me some reason why the Lady Grey Should not become my wife and England's queen.— And you too, Somerset and Montague, Speak freely what you think.

CLARENCE. Then this is mine opinion,—that King Lewis Becomes your enemy, for mocking him About the marriage of the Lady Bona.

GLOSTER. And Warwick, doing what you gave in charge, Is now dishonoured by this new marriage.

KING EDWARD. What if both Lewis and Warwick be appeas'd By such invention as I can devise?

MONTAGUE. Yet to have join'd with France in such alliance Would more have strength'ned this our commonwealth 'Gainst foreign storms than any home-bred marriage.

HASTINGS. Why, knows not Montague that of itself England is safe if true within itself?

MONTAGUE. But the safer when 't is back'd with France.

HASTINGS. 'T is better using France than trusting France. Let us be back'd with God, and with the seas Which he hath giv'n for fence impregnable, And with their helps only defend ourselves; In them and in ourselves our safety lies.

CLARENCE. For this one speech Lord Hastings well deserves To have the heir of the Lord Hungerford.

KING EDWARD. Ay, what of that? it was my will and grant; And for this once my will shall stand for law.

GLOSTER. And yet, methinks, your grace hath not done well To give the heir and daughter of Lord Scales Unto the brother of your loving bride. She better would have fitted me or Clarence; But in your bride you bury brotherhood.

CLARENCE. Or else you would not have bestow'd the heir Of the Lord Bonville on your new wife's son, And leave your brothers to go speed elsewhere.

KING EDWARD. Alas, poor Clarence! is it for a wife That thou art malcontent? I will provide thee.

CLARENCE. In choosing for yourself you show'd your judgment, Which being shallow you shall give me leave To play the broker in mine own behalf; And to that end I shortly mind to leave you.

KING EDWARD. Leave me or tarry, Edward will be king, And not be tied unto his brother's will.

QUEEN ELIZABETH. My lords, before it pleas'd his majesty To raise my state to title of a queen, Do me but right, and you must all confess That I was not ignoble of descent, And meaner than myself have had like fortune. But as this title honours me and mine, So your dislikes, to whom I would be pleasing, Doth cloud my joys with danger and with sorrow.

KING EDWARD. My love, forbear to fawn upon their frowns. What danger or what sorrow can befall thee So long as Edward is thy constant friend And their true sovereign, whom they must obey? Nay, whom they shall obey, and love thee too, Unless they seek for hatred at my hands; Which if they do, yet will I keep thee safe, And they shall feel the vengeance of my wrath.

GLOSTER. [Aside.] I hear, yet say not much, but think the more.

[Enter a Messenger.]

KING EDWARD. Now, messenger, what letters or what news From France?

MESSENGER. My sovereign liege, no letters, and few words, But such as I, without your special pardon, Dare not relate.

KING EDWARD. Go to, we pardon thee; therefore, in brief, Tell me their words as near as thou canst guess them. What answer makes King Lewis unto our letters?

MESSENGER. At my depart these were his very words: 'Go tell false Edward, thy supposed king, That Lewis of France is sending over maskers To revel it with him and his new bride.'

KING EDWARD. Is Lewis so brave? belike he thinks me Henry. But what said Lady Bona to my marriage?

MESSENGER. These were her words, utt'red with mild disdain: 'Tell him, in hope he'll prove a widower shortly, I'll wear the willow garland for his sake.'

KING EDWARD. I blame not her, she could say little less, She had the wrong; but what said Henry's queen? For I have heard that she was there in place.

MESSENGER. 'Tell him' quoth she 'my mourning weeds are done, And I am ready to put armour on.'

KING EDWARD. Belike she minds to play the Amazon. But what said Warwick to these injuries?

MESSENGER. He, more incens'd against your majesty Than all the rest, discharg'd me with these words: 'Tell him from me that he hath done me wrong, And therefore I'll uncrown him ere 't be long.'

KING EDWARD. Ha! durst the traitor breathe out so proud words? Well, I will arm me, being thus forewarn'd; They shall have wars, and pay for their presumption. But say, is Warwick friends with Margaret?

MESSENGER. Ay, gracious sovereign; they are so link'd in friendship That young Prince Edward marries Warwick's daughter.

CLARENCE. Belike the elder; Clarence will have the younger. Now, brother king, farewell, and sit you fast, For I will hence to Warwick's other daughter; That, though I want a kingdom, yet in marriage I may not prove inferior to yourself.— You that love me and Warwick, follow me.

[Exit Clarence, and Somerset follows.]

GLOSTER. [Aside.] Not I. My thoughts aim at a further matter; I Stay not for the love of Edward, but the crown.

KING EDWARD. Clarence and Somerset both gone to Warwick! Yet am I arm'd against the worst can happen, And haste is needful in this desperate case.— Pembroke and Stafford, you in our behalf Go levy men and make prepare for war; They are already, or quickly will be landed. Myself in person will straight follow you.—

[Exeunt Pembroke and Stafford.]

But, ere I go, Hastings and Montague, Resolve my doubt. You twain, of all the rest, Are near to Warwick by blood and by alliance; Tell me if you love Warwick more than me? If it be so, then both depart to him. I rather wish you foes than hollow friends; But if you mind to hold your true obedience, Give me assurance with some friendly vow, That I may never have you in suspect.

MONTAGUE. So God help Montague as he proves true!

HASTINGS. And Hastings as he favours Edward's cause!

KING EDWARD. Now, brother Richard, will you stand by us?

GLOSTER. Ay, in despite of all that shall withstand you.

KING EDWARD. Why, so! then am I sure of victory. Now, therefore, let us hence; and lose no hour Till we meet Warwick with his foreign pow'r.

[Exeunt.]



SCENE II. A Plain in Warwickshire

[Enter WARWICK and OXFORD with French and other Forces.]

WARWICK. Trust me, my lord, all hitherto goes well; The common people by numbers swarm to us. But see where Somerset and Clarence comes!—