Yung-al, the son of Nar-doo-itch,

called also

Be-ra-gore,

married:

Ming-an, a Ballar-oke, Ko-pan, a Nagar-nook, Yow-at-ung, a Ballar-oke, daughter of Kim-be-yen-ung.

Ming-an's children were:

Book-oop, female. Yu-yat, male. Me-kat, female. Tdan-up, female.

These were all Ballar-okes.

Ko-pan's children were:

E-lar, male. Wat-up, male. Bil-yan, male. Mong-a-na, female. Wun-daile, female.

These were all Na-gar-nooks.

Yow-at-ung's children were:

Im-bat, male. Jil-gar, male. Gi-mat, male. Dubin, female. Boo-yin female.

These were all Ballar-okes.

Jee-bar, a No-go-nyuk, another son of Nar-doo-itch, married:

Kag-a-ree, a Ngotak. Bar-ri-kan, a Tdondarup.

Kag-a-ree's children were:

Mun-gal-wurt, male. Ell-yar, male. Wun-jan-ing, female. War-ran-ung, female. Bee-wul-lo, male.

Ngotaks.

Bar-ri-kan's children were:

Djar-a-bung, female. Nag-a-bung, female. Yu-gat, male. Ka-ral-ung, male.

Tdondarups.

Bee-wul-lo, a Ngotak, the son of Jee-bar, married:

Wun-daile, a Na-gar-nook, Noon-dup, a No-go-nyuk, Du-bin, a Ballar-oke, Ek-kan, a Ballar-oke, Ming-up, a Ballar-oke, We-jee-bung, a Ballar-oke.

Wun-daile's children were:

Yen-na, male. War-rup, male. Tu-yin, male. Dow-eer, male. Wil-gup, female. Ka-bin-yung, female. Bate-up, female.

Na-gar-nooks.

Noon-dup's children were:

Mee-nung, male. Kow-elwurt, male. Ngar-ra-jil, male. Kau-mar, male. Koot-in, male. Il-gat, male.

No-go-nyuks.

Du-bin had but one child:

Waj-jup, female, a Ballar-oke.

Ek-kan's children are:

Wy-up, male. Kok-o-bung, female. Wee-muk, female.

Ballar-okes.

Ming-up has but one child living:

Win-bill, male, a Ballar-oke.

...

APPENDIX B.

MOUNT FAIRFAX, THE WIZARD HILLS, AND CHAMPION BAY.

(From the Nautical Magazine for July 1841 page 443.)

The only part of the West coast (to the northward of Swan River) that has been visited by the Beagle is that part immediately to the eastward of the Abrolhos, and it is remarkable from being under the high tableland of Moresby's Flat-topped Range, which is a considerable elevation, and in clear weather is visible from a ship's mast-head at the Abrolhos.

This range of hills extends north-north-west six miles from Mount Fairfax, which, although a detached hill, may be considered its southern extreme. Mount Fairfax is a table-topped hill, the summit of which is an elevated part at its southern edge, and is 590 feet high. It is in latitude 28 degrees 45 1/4 minutes, and longitude 1 degree 3 3/4 minutes west of Swan River, and 4 miles from the coast. To the south-east of Moresby's Flat-topped Range are the Wizard Hills, the highest of which, Wizard Peak, is 640 feet. It is in latitude 28 degrees 49 minutes 37 seconds south and longitude 0 degrees 58 1/2 minutes west of Swan River. For 10 1/2 miles to the northward of Moresby's Flat-topped Range are some remarkable detached ranges of tableland, from 500 to 600 feet high, at the northern extreme of which are the Menai Hills. Some of them show as peaks, but appear only to be the gable ends, as it were, of table-topped ridges.

In latitude 28 degrees 47 minutes south there is a narrow neck of low land projecting about 1 3/4 miles from the coastline, to the northward of which there is good anchorage in Champion Bay.

Point Moore, which is the extreme of this low projection, bears west 13 degrees south (magnetic) from Mount Fairfax, and west 17 degrees north (magnetic) from Wizard Peak. The anchorage is protected from the westward by a reef that extends upwards of a mile to the northward from Point Moore: but half a mile to the northward of the reef is a detached shoal patch which breaks occasionally, between which and the reef there is a passage through which the Beagle passed, and had not less than six fathoms. But perhaps it would be advisable in standing into the bay to pass to the northward of this danger, which may be done by not bringing Mount Fairfax to bear to the southward of east 1/4 south (magnetic) until Point Moore bears south.

This bay is open to the northward, but, as the winds from that quarter are not frequent, and then only in the winter season, it may be considered as affording shelter from the prevailing winds on the coast. The water is shoal in the head of the bay, but a good anchorage may be taken three-quarters of a mile off shore in four fathoms sandy bottom, with Point Moore bearing south 50 degrees west and a remarkable bare brown sandhill in the south-east part of the bay, bearing south 31 degrees east. Mount Fairfax will then bear north 87 minutes east, and the north extreme of the reef from Point Moore north 50 minutes west. Wizard Peak is not seen from this anchorage.

South of Point Moore is another bay formed by a continuation of the same reef that shelters Champion Bay from the westward; but it is quite exposed to the prevailing winds. From Champion Bay the coast to the northward is sandy, and fronted by sandhills slightly covered with shrubs. This description of coast continues for nearly twenty miles. In latitude 28 degrees 25 minutes is a remarkable white sand-patch 274 feet above the sea, between two and three miles south of which is a deep ravine where there is probably a stream of fresh water. Here the shore becomes steeper, and rises abruptly from the sea, forming downs about 300 feet high. Native fires were seen in this neighbourhood, and the country had a more fertile appearance than in the vicinity of Champion Bay. This part of the coast is bold too, and is free from outlaying dangers, the depth of water from two to three miles off shore being taken between 16 and 29 fathoms. High-water at Champion Bay takes place on change days at 9 hours 30 minutes P.M. nearly, and the range is from 12 to 24 inches. The stream of tide is not perceptible, but there is generally a current along the coast to the north-north-west from half a mile to one mile an hour.

Champion Bay appears to be the only anchorage on the coast between Swan River and Shark Bay: it is preferable to Gage's Road, and may at no very distant period become of importance to Western Australia in consequence of a considerable tract of fine country having lately been discovered immediately to the eastward of Moresby's Flat-topped Range.

...

APPENDIX C.

CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAMMALIA OF AUSTRALIA, WITH NOTES ON SOME RECENTLY DISCOVERED SPECIES, BY J.E. GRAY, F.R.S., ETC. ETC., IN A LETTER ADDRESSED TO THE AUTHOR.

British Museum, 10th July 1841.

MY DEAR SIR,

The very little attention which has hitherto been paid to the distribution of the animals of Australia, and the very incorrect manner in which the habitats of the different species are given in collections and systematic works, have induced me to send you, with the description of the new species recently brought from that country, a table showing at one view the distribution of the different species which have hitherto been recorded as found in Australia, as far as the materials at my disposal will allow me.

I am the more induced to do so as I believe I have now under my care the richest collection of the animals of this country in any Museum; as, besides the specimens which we have been collecting from different quarters, with the kind assistance of Mr. Ronald Gunn, Mr. Harvey, and yourself, we have just purchased a complete series of all the species and varieties brought by Mr. Gould from different parts of this Continent; and these specimens were all marked with the habitat immediately after they were procured.

The first column in the following table indicates the species found in New South Wales, and the east part of the Continent; the number in the column specifying the particular habitats where the species has been observed,

1. Sydney, and its neighbourhood. 2. The Rivers Hunter and Maitland, and Goulburn Plains. 3. Liverpool Plains. 4. Liverpool Range. 5. The Namoi and Mokai Rivers. 6. Bong-Bong. 7. Yarrundi. 8. Interior (generally). 9. Australian Alps. 10. Murrumbidgee River. 11. Moreton Bay. 12. Clarence River. 13. Port Phillip. 14. Bathurst. 15. Interior of Australia Felix. 16. Murray River. 17. Bayunga River. 18. Darling River. 19. Glenelg River. 20. Port Stevens Mountains. 21. Port Macquarie.

The second column refers to South Australia, and the numbers in it to:

1. Adelaide and its vicinity. 2. Kangaroo Island. 3. The South Coast. 4. Port Lincoln. 5. Murray River.

The third column refers to Western Australia, as:

1. Perth. 2. King George's Sound. 3. Northam. 4. Canning River. 5. Rottnest and Garden Islands.

The fourth column refers to the North-west Coast of Australia:

1. Hanover Bay. 2. Islands in Shark Bay. 3. Dirk Hatterick's Bay. 4. Generally, the peculiar locality not being marked.

The fifth column to the North Coast:

1. Port Essington.

The sixth column to the Island of Van Diemen's Land, the numbers to:

1. Hobart Town. 2. Circular Head. 3. Bass Strait and King's Island. 4. New Norfolk. 5. Kangaroo Point. 6. Tasman's Peninsula. 7. Launceston. 8. Acteon Island. 9. Mount Wellington.

The seventh column to Norfolk Island, marked Number 1.

PRIMATES. Family Vespertilionidae.

1. Rhinolophus megaphyllus Gray. 1:10.

2. Nyctophilus geoffroyii Leach ? 1:1 1:7 3:1 6:1. Barbastellus pacificus Gray. Nyctinomus —— ? Bennett. Var. major 3:1.

Scotophilus.

* Wings and interfemoral membranes with lines of hairs.

3. Scotophilus morio, new species.

4. S. gouldii, new species. 1:2 6:7.

5. S. australis, new species. 1:1 1:4 2:1 3:4 6:1.

** Wings nearly bald.

6. S. pumilus, new species. 1:7.

7. Molossus australis 5:1.

8. Pteropus poliocephalus Temm. 1:11 1:12. Pt. edwardsii G. Bennett not Desm.

FERAE. Family Felidae.

9. Canis familiaris australasiae. 1:1 2:1 ? Canis Dingo Blumenb. Family Phocidae.

10. Otaria peronii. 1:1 ?

Family Didelphidae.

11. Thylacinus cynocephalus Fischer 6:2. Didelphis cynocephalus Harris.

12. Diabolus ursinus 6:1 6:2. Didelphis ursina Harris. Sarcophilus ursinus F. Cuv.

Dasyurus.

* Thumb small, clawless.

13. D. maculatus 6:1 6:2. Viverra maculata Shaw. Dasyurus macrurus Geoff.

14. D. geoffroyii Gould 1:3.

** Thumb none.

15. Dasyurus viverrinus Geoff. 1:1 1:2 1:3 6:1 6:2. Didelphis viverrina Shaw. 1:6. Var. Das. maugei Geoff.

Phascogale Temm.

* Tail end tufted.

16. Ph. penicillata Temm. 1:2 1:11 2:1. Didelphis penicillata Shaw 1:3. Dasyurus tafa Geoff.

** Tail conical, end pencilled.

17. Ph. minima Temm. 6:3. Dasyurus minimus Geoff. Ph. swainsonii Waterh.

18. Ph. affinis, new species. 6:6.

19. Ph. rufogaster, new species. 2:1.

20. Ph. flavipes Waterh. 1:2 1:3.

21. Ph. murina Waterh. 1:2 3:4.

22. Ph. leucogaster, new species 3:1.

23. Myrmecobius fasciatus Waterh. 3:1.

24. —— —— ? rufus Mitchell. Red shrew mouse G. Bennett 1:8 ?

Perameles.

a Tail tapering. * Rump banded.

25. Per. gunnii Gray 6:1.

26. Per. fasciata new species 1:3 2:1.

** Hair grizzled, ears acute, long.

27. Per. nasuta Geoff. 1:1. P. aurita Mus Par. P. bougainvillii Quoy.

*** Hair grizzled, ears rounded. 3:2.

28. Per. fusciventer, new species.

29. Per. obesula Geoff. 1:1 ? 3:1 6:4 6:5. Didelphis obesula Shaw.

b. Hair soft, tail end tufted, ears very long, Paragalia.

30. Per. lagotis Reid 3:3.

31. Choeropus ecaudatus Ogilby 1:16. Perameles ecaudatus Ogilby.

32. Phalangista vulpina Desm. 1:7 1:4 2:2 3:2 3:3 5:1 6:1. Didelphis vulpina Shaw 1:5 1:10. Didelphis lemurina Shaw 1:11. Didelphis peregrina Bodd. Var. 1. 3:1. Var. 2. 1:5.

33. Phal. fuliginosa Ogilby 6:2. Var. grisea.

34. Phal. xanthopus Ogilby 1:19.

35. Phal. canina Ogilby 1:2.

36. Phal. cuvieri Gray 1:8 ? Ph. cookii Cuvier. Petaurus cookii F. Cuv.

37. Dromicia nana 6:1. Phalangista nana Geoff. Phal. gliriformis Bell.

38. Hepoona cookii 1:1 1:3 1:4 3:1 3:2 6:1. Phalangista cookii Gray 1:7. Phalangista banksii Gray. Balantia cookii Kuhl. Phalangista viverrina Ogilby.

39. Petaurista taguanoides Desm. 1:1 1:21.

40. Petaurista leucogaster 1:16. Petaurus leucogaster Mitchell.

41. Petaurus macrurus Geoff. 1:8 1:14. Didelphis macrura Shaw.

42. Petaurus flaviventer Desm. 1:3.

43. Petaurus breviceps 1:8. Belideus breviceps Waterh.

44. Petaurus sciureus Desm. 1:1 1:2 7:1. Didelphis sciurea Shaw. 1:3 1:13.

45. Petaurus peronii Desm. ? 1:2.

46. Acrobates pygmaeus Desm. 1:8. Didelphis pygmaea Shaw.

Macropus.

* Tail end simple; fur one-coloured.

47. Mac. major Shaw. 1:1 1:4 2:1 6:1 6:9. Macropus giganteus Shaw. 1:8 1:15. Halmaturus labiatus Geoff. Halmaturus rufogriseus Lesson ? Var. Macropus albus Gray.

48. Mac. laniger Lesson 1:5 1:10 2:15. Kangurus rufus Lesson 1:21 1:19.

49. Mac. fuliginosus Lesson 2:2.

** Tail end simple, back coloured.

50. Mac. lunatus Gould 3:1.

*** Tail end clawed. (Onychogalea.)

51. Mac. frenatus Gould 1:3 1:8.

52. Mac. unguifer Gould 4:1. Halmaturus.

* Tail long, end slightly tufted.

53. Hal. parryii Gray 1:20. Macropus parryii Bennett 1:3. Var. pallida Gray.

54. Hal. manicatus Gould 3:1. Hal. irma Jourdan. ** Tail simple, back one-coloured.

55. Hal. bennettii Waterh. 4:1. Hal. ualabatus Gray 4:2 4:3. Halm. fruticus Ogilby 4:5 4:7.

56. Hal. ualabatus Lesson 1:2. Halm. lessonii Gray.

57. Hal. elegans 1:6 1:15. Mac. elegans Lambert. Hal. ruficollis Lesson, Gould.

58. Hal. billardieri Lesson 6:1 6:2. Hal. tasmanii Gray 6:3 6:7. Hal. rufiventer Ogilby.

59. Hal. eugenii Gray 1:1 1:2 2:1 ? Hal. thetis Lesson. Kangurus eugenii Desm.

60. Hal. brachyurus Quoy 3:2. Hal. thylogale brevicaudatus Gray

*** Tail simple, back streaked.

61. Hal. dorsalis Gray 1:8 1:5 1:17 1:3.

62. Hal. parma Gould 1:1.

63. Hal. derbianus Gray 2:2. Var. obscurior 3:5.

64. Hal. ? banksianus Lesson 1:1 ?

65. Hal. fasciatus Goldf. 4:2. Kangurus fasciatus Lesson.

Petrogale.

* Tail conical, slightly tufted.

66. P. robusta Gould 1:4 1:8.

** Tail end tufted.

67. P. brachyotis Gould 4:1.

68. P. penicillata Gray 1:3 1:21. Heteropus albogularis Jourdan.

69. P. lateralis Gould 3:1.

70. Hypsiprymnus minor Cuv. 1:1 6:1. Macropus minor Shaw. Hyps. myosurus Ogilby.

71. Hyps. ? lesueurii Quoy 4:3.

72. Hyps. gilbertii Gould 3:2.

73. Lagorchestes leporoides Gould 1:3 1:5.

Bettongia Gray.

* Tail end blackish.

74. Bett. setosa Gray 1:3 1:5. Hypsiprymnus setosus Ogilby. Hyp. murinus Ogilby. Var. Bett. penicillata Gray.

75. Bett. ogilbii Gould 3:1.

** Tail end brown, white tipped.

76. Bett. whitei Gould 1:1. Hypsiprymnus whitei Quoy. H. formosus Ogilby. Hyp. phillipii Ogilby.

77. Bett. grayii 2:4. Hyp. grayii Gould.

*** Tail grey, ears black.

78. B. rufescens Gray 1:1. Bett. melanotis Ogilby.

79. Phascolarctos fuscus Desm. 1:1 1:8. Ph. cinereus Fischer. Lipurus cinereus Goldf.

80. Phascolomys ursinus 1:8 2:1 6:1 6:2. Didelphis ursina Shaw 1:15 6:3. Wombatus fossor Geoff. Phasc. fuscus Desm. Amblotis fossor Illiger.

Order GLIRES. Family Muridae.

81. Hydromys chrysogaster Geoff. 1:3 1:11 3:1 6:1 6:2 6:8. Hyd. leucogaster Geoff.

82. Pseudomys australis Gray 1:3.

83. Mus setifer Horsf. 6:1.

84. Mus lutreola new species 1:2 2:1 6:5 6:3.

85. Mus greyii new species 2:1.

86. Mus adelaidensis new species 2:1.

87. Mus ? platurus Mitchell 1:18.

88. Mus ? hovellii Mitchell 1:17.

89. Hapalotis albipes Licht. 1:3 1:9 ? Conilurus destructor Ogilby 1:18.

90. Hapalotis mitchellii 1:16. Dipus mitchellii Ogilby.

91. Hapalotis gouldii new species 3:1.

Order UNGULATA. Family Dasypidae.

92. Echidna aculeata 1:4 1:8. Myrmecophaga aculeata Shaw. Tachyglossus aculeatus Illiger. Echidna hystrix Cuv.

93. Echidna setosa 6:1 6:2. Ornithorhynchus hystryx var. Home. Tachyglossus setosus Illiger.

94. Platypus anatinus Shaw 1:1 6:4. Ornithorhynchus paradoxus Blum. Orn. rufus and O. fuscus Leach. O. crispus and elvis Macgillivray. O. brevirostris Ogilby.

Order CETAE.

95. Delphinorhynchus pernetttensis 5:1.

96. Balaena physalis 4:1.

Total of species found in each country 1:60 2:18 3:20 4:6 5:3 6:22 7:1.

Total of species peculiar to each country 1:45 2:6 3:12 4:6 5:2 6:11 7:0.

Of these species there are:

Non-Marsupial:

Primates 8.

Ferae 2.

Cetae 2.

Glires 11.

Total 23

Marsupial (Didelphidae) 71.

Monotrematous 3.

Total 97.

This list shows the progress which has taken place in the knowledge of the Australian animals; for only a few years ago it was generally stated that the Australian dog was the only non-Marsupial animal found on the continent.

The following species appear to be new to science.

Number 1. Rhinolophus megaphyllus, Gray Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1834 52.

Brown, end of the hairs of the back with small, and on the lower side of the body with longer, grey tips. Ears with two hairy lines on each side. Wings with little tufts of short hairs near the side of the body beneath. (Nose leaf destroyed.) Body, 2 inches 3-12; fore-arm, 1 11-12; tail 11-12; fore-legs, 9-12; ears, 7-12.

Number 2. Scotophilus morio, Gray.

Back uniform, brownish black, scarcely paler beneath; cheeks nearly black; underside of wings, and interfemoral membrane with lines of hairs; heel bone elongated, slender; ears moderate rounded; tragus oblong blunt; fore-arm bone, 1 10-12; shin bone, 9-12 of an inch.

Number 4. Scotophilus gouldii, Gray.

Blackish, hinder half of the back brownish; sides and abdomen brownish ash; ears rather large, broad; tragus half ovate; underside of the wings and interfemoral membrane with lines of hairs.

Var. 1. Hinder part of the back greyish; sides of the abdomen grey. Inhabits Australasia, Mr. Gould.

Number 5. Scotophilus australis, Gray.

Back blackish; tips of the hairs rather browner; beneath rather paler on the sides of the abdomen; ears small; tragus oval lanceolate, rather crescent-shaped; wings, with sixteen or eighteen oblique cross lines of hairs under each fore-arm, and scattered hairs on the sides of the body; fore-arm, bone, 1 5-12; shin bone, 15-24. Var. rather larger fore-arm bone, 1 7-12; shin bone, 17-24.

Number 6. Scotophilus pumilus, Gray.

Grey brown, base of the fur blackish, beneath paler; cheeks blackish; ears small, rather thin, longer than the fur; tragus elongate, half as long as the ears, rounded at the end; wings nearly bald, except near the arm-pit; interfemoral membrane hairy at the base; heel-bone elongate, two-thirds the length of the margin of the interfemoral membrane. Head and body, 1 2-12; tail 11-12; fore-arm bone, 1 2-12.

This species, Mr. Gould notes, flies quick and low over water.

Number 7. Molossus australis. See Gray, Magazine of Zoology and Botany volume 2 501.

Number 15. Dasyurus viverrinus.

Mr. Gould has observed that the black and yellowish varieties are sometimes found together in the same litter. There is an intermediate variety, blackish, with olive tips to the hairs. Dr. Shaw's specific name should be retained.

Number 18. Phascogale affinis, Gray.

Above brown, grizelled with yellowish-brown tips to the hairs; beneath grey brown; under fur lead colour; tail short. Male darker; length of body and head 6 1/2; tail 4 1/2. Female, length of the body and head 4 1/2; tail 2 3/4 inches. Inhabits Tasman's Peninsula, Mr. Gould.

This may be the same as P. minima of Geoffroy, but the tail is longer for its size.

Number 19. Phascogale rufogaster, Gray.

Head grey; back and sides brown, with longer black hairs; sides of the belly and feet bright rufous; lips and chin whitish; under fur lead colour; tail end blackish-brown, slightly pencilled. Body and head, 4; tail, 2 inches. Inhabits South Australia, Mr. Gould.

Number 22. Phascogale leucogaster, Gray.

Head and shoulders grey, behind rather browner, with scattered longer black-tipped hairs; chin and beneath pure white; feet brownish grey. Body and head, 4; tail, 2 1/2 inches.

Inhabits Western Australia, banks of the Canning River, April 1839, Mr. Gould.

More specimens and further observations may prove these to be only local varieties of one species; but the specimens we have from the same localities are similar in character, which is not the case with the different specimens of Hepoona.

Number 26. Perameles fasciata, Gray.

Grey brown, rump with three black bands; tail white, with a black streak along the upper side. Inhabits Liverpool Plains and South Australia; smaller than P. gunnii.

Number 28. Perameles fusciventer, Gray.

Brown, yellow grizelled; tail above blackish, beneath grey; head short, conical; belly grey brown, with broad rufous channelled hairs. This species is like P. obesula in colour, but the head is shorter, and the belly of that species is white, with white bristles.

Number 37. Dromicia nana.

The dentition and the peculiar form and character of the tail of this species at once point out that it should constitute a distinct genus from the other Phalangers, from which it differs in many of its habits.

Number 38. Hepoona cookii.

Specimens from the same locality differ from one another in the extent of the white on the tail, in the darkness of the colour of the fur, and in the limbs and sides of the body being of the colour of the back, or more or less rufous. There are either five or six species, or only one.

Number 39.

I have retained the name of Petaurista for the flying Phalangers with hairy ears, as Dr. Shaw's Didelphis petaurus is evidently the same as P. flaviventer, and has naked ears, like the other species, and his name Petaurus should be used rather than Mr. Waterhouse's Belideus for this genus.

Number 40.

Petaurista leucogaster, may only be a variety of P. taguanoides.

Number 42. Petaurus macrourus.

This species is only known from the figures of Dr. Shaw. They have a specimen of a young Petaurista taguanoides, under this name, in the Paris Museum.

Number 43. Petaurus breviceps.

This is probably the species called P. peronii in Mr. G. Bennett's catalogue of the Australian Museum. It may also be M. Desmarest's; if this is so, the latter name will have to be adopted, and the one first used erased from the list.

Number 47.

The Macropi with hairy muffles are found in grassy places, while the Halmaturi are confined to the scrubs; and the Petrogalae, or Rock-Kangaroos, to the rocky districts; the latter, like Bettongia, sit with their tail between the legs. Mr. Gould informs me the animals of the latter genus also use their tails for the purpose of carrying the grass to their nests. The tree Kangaroos of New Guinea have a tail somewhat like a squirrel. These differences of habit show the propriety of dividing this group of animals into genera.

Number 48. Macropus laniger.

This name must be rejected as the animal is not wool-bearing. The skin in the Paris Museum is made up with the skin of a sheep. M. Desmarest's description of the female M. rufogriseus in the New Dictionary, very nearly agrees with this species, but Mr. Gould is inclined to consider the specimen he was shown for that species in the Paris Museum was M. major.

Number 57. Halmaturus elegans.

The description of Mr. Lambert is so short that it has hitherto been considered impossible to determine it with accuracy; but on comparing the coloured plate which is bound up with Sir Joseph Banks' copy of the volume of the Transactions containing the paper, now in the Museum Library, with the specimens of kangaroos in the Museum collection, I have very little doubt of its being intended for one which Mr. Gould considers as identical with M. ruficollis of M. Desmarest. M. Desmarest's animal is said to come from King's Island, in Bass Strait, while Mr. Gould's animal, like the one Mr. Lambert described, is from New South Wales. Mr. Gunn remarks that H. billardieri is common in the locality indicated by M. Desmarest.

Number 67. Petrogale brachyotis.

This species was discovered by Captain G. Grey, in his expedition, and the specimens he collected he gave to Mr. Gould, who described them, and is now about to figure them in his forthcoming monograph of the species of kangaroos: a work which will be as far superior to any other published on Mammalia in beauty of design and accuracy in the execution of the plates as his work on Birds has been to any that has hitherto appeared either in England or on the Continent. The specimens are now in the collection of the British Museum.

Number 84. Mus lutreola.

Back black and yellowish grizelled, with longer black hairs; sides yellowish grey, beneath grey lead colour, under fur lead colour; ears with scattered short adpressed hairs; whiskers black; front teeth yellow; tail with short black adpressed bristles; length of body and head 7, tail 4, hind-feet 1 1-4 inches. The water-rat of the South Australian Colonist. Inhabits South Australia, River Torrens, Bass Strait, New South Wales; Musquito Islands and Macdonald's River, Van Diemen's Land, Tasman's Peninsula. J. Gould, Esquire.

Number 85. Mus greyii, Gray.

Fur brown, with close long slender pale-tipped black hairs; sides yellowish-brown; throat and beneath yellowish; feet whiteish; ears nearly naked, with close-pressed short greyish hairs; tail with close-pressed brown hairs. Variety; belly rather more greyish-white. Inhabits South Australia, June. Length, body and head 6, tail 4 3/4, hind-feet 1 1/12 of an inch.

Number 86. Mus adelaidensis.

Fur soft, brown, with scattered rather longer black tipped hairs, beneath pale grey brown; the under fur lead coloured; whiskers black; ears moderate, covered with short close-pressed hairs; tail elongate, brown; cutting teeth pale yellow, compressed; body and head 3, tail 3 inches, hind-feet 8-12. Inhabits South Australia. J. Gould, Esquire.

In examining the Geographical distribution of the Genera, as exhibited in the foregoing table, as far as our present knowledge of these animals extends we may state that the genera Choeropus, Acrobates, Petaurista, Lagorchestes, Phascolarctos, Hapalotis, and Pseudomys, are peculiar to New South Wales. The genus Petaurus is also found in New South Wales, but not in the Island of Van Diemen's Land and the rest of the continent, but one of the species living there is also said to be an inhabitant of Norfolk Island, where it may probably have been introduced.

The species of the genera Petrogale and Bettongia are common to New South Wales, South Australia, and the North-west Coast; but they are not found in Van Diemen's Land, and the genus Myrmecobius appears to be peculiar to Western Australia, for it is not by any means certain that the red shrew-mouse discovered in Australia Felix by Sir T. Mitchell belongs to this genus.

The Genera Thylacinus, Diabolus, and Dromicia, are peculiar to Van Diemen's Land.

The species of the genera Dasyurus and Perameles are very abundant in Van Diemen's Land, but they have also representatives which are found in New Holland.

The species of the genera Nyctophilus, Phalangista, Hepoona, Phascogale, Macropus, Halmaturus, Hypsiprymnus, and Hydromys, appear to be common to all parts of the continent, and also to Van Diemen's Land.

The genera Echidna and Ornithorhynchus are found in New Holland and Van Diemen's Land, but I have not heard of their having been discovered in the Western or Southern parts of the continent of Australia.

There are some of the genera of the non-Marsupial animals, as Rhinolophus and Pteropus, which are common to various parts of Australia and the different parts of the Old World, and others, as Canis, Mus, Scotophilus, and Molossus, which are common to it and to both Hemispheres. Two Marsupial genera, Halmaturus and Perameles, have species found in New Guinea, but most probably, when they have been more carefully examined, they will be found to form a peculiar genus, allied to the Australian animals, as is the case with the tree-kangaroos (Dendrolegus) and the Phalangers (Cuscus) of that country. We have a specimen of the Halmaturus in the British Museum, from the Leyden collection, but like many of the specimens in that collection, where the zoological specimens are made subservient to the anatomical predilections of the conservator, it has no skull, and false claws, which renders it impossible for me to define its characters. The tail has rings of scales under the hair, but this is also the case with most Halmaturi.

Before proceeding to the consideration of the distribution of the species, over the different districts of Australasia, it may be remarked that this is a subject surrounded with considerable difficulty, as different naturalists do not always apply the same test to determine the distinction of the species, some considering the differences found in the specimens from different localities, as merely local varieties, and others regarding them as distinct; and others again declaring that several specimens, which cabinet naturalists are in the habit of regarding as only accidental varieties from the examination of the skins, are quite distinct when they are observed alive in their native habitat. In the preceding list, when all the specimens I have seen from a particular habitat have a similar and peculiar character, I have considered them as species; on the contrary when the specimens from the same locality offer variations among themselves, as in those of the genus Hepoona, where the extent of the whiteness on the tail, and the variation in the colour of the body appear to differ in the specimens from the same place, I have regarded them as belonging to the same species, believing it to be a variable species which has an extensive range.

From the Table already given it appears that, of the species found on the Australian Continent, 71 are confined to it, 12 common to it and Van Diemen's Land, and one common to it and Norfolk Island; while of the 24 species found on Van Diemen's Land, 11 are found in it alone.

The species common to the Australian Continent and Van Diemen's Land, are:

2. Nyctophilus geoffroyii.

4. Scotophilus gouldii.

5. Scotophilus australis.

15. Dasyurus viverrinus.

27. Perameles obesula.

32. Phalangista vulpina.

38. Hepoona cookii.

70. Hypsiprymnus minor.

81. Hydromys chrysogaster.

84. Mus lutreola.

94. Platypus anatinus.

The species common to Australia and Norfolk Island, but not found in Van Diemen's Land is:

44. Petaurus sciureus.

The eleven species peculiar to Van Diemen's Land, are:

11. Thylacinus cynocephalus.

12. Diabolus ursinus.

13. Dasyurus maculatus.

17. Phascogale minima.

18. Phascogale affinis.

37. Dromicia nana.

34. Phalangista fuliginosa.

58. Halmaturus billardieri.

80. Phascolomys ursina.

93. Echidna setosa.

83. Mus setifer.

The last species is also found in Java, from whence it might have been introduced. It has been known in Van Diemen's Land some years, and does not appear to have found its way to Australia.

Of the 72 species found in the Australian continent six have only been recorded as having been found on the North-west coast:

52. Macropus unguifer.

55. Halmaturus bennettii.

65. Halmaturus fasciatus.

67. Petrogale brachyotis.

71. Hypsiprymnus lesueurii.

Peculiar to the Western Australian district are:

22. Phascogale leucogaster.

23. Myrmecobius fasciatus.

28. Perameles fuscoventer.

29. Perameles obesula.

30. Perameles lagotis.

51. Macropus lunatus.

54. Halmaturus manicatus.

60. Halmaturus brevicaudatus.

69. Petrogale lateralis.

72. Hypsiprymnus gilbertii.

72. Bettongia ogilbii.

91. Hapalotis gouldii.

To the South Australian district:

19. Phascogale rufogaster.

49. Macropus fuliginosus.

63. Halmaturus derbianus.

77. Bettongia grayii.

85. Mus greyii.

86. Mus adelaidensis.

To the North Coast:

7. Molossus australis ?

In the New South Wales district there have been recorded the following: some of them may have a larger distribution on the Continent, when these countries become better known, and some of them (marked with a star*) are common to this district, and Van Diemen's Land:

1. Rhinolophus megaphyllus.

4.* Scotophilus gouldii.

6. Scotophilus pumilus.

8. Pteropus poliocephalus.

9. Canis familiaris Australis.

10. Otaria peronii.

14. Dasyurus geoffroyii.

15.* Dasyurus viverrinus.

16. Phascogale penicillata.

20. Phascogale flavipes.

21. Phascogale murina.

25. Myrmecobius ? rufus.

26.* Perameles fasciatus.

27.* Perameles nasuta.

31. Choeropus ecaudatus.

33. Phalangista xanthopus.

35. Phalangista canina.

36. Phalangista cuvieri.

39. Petaurista taguanoides.

40. Petaurista leucogaster.

41. Petaurus macrurus.

42. Petaurus flaviventer.

43. Petaurus breviceps.

44. Petaurus sciureus.

45. Petaurus peronii.

46. Acrobates pygmaeus.

47. Macropus major.

50. Macropus fraenatus.

53. Halmaturus parryii.

57. Halmaturus elegans.

56. Halmaturus ualabatus.

59. Halmaturus eugenii.

61. Halmaturus dorsalis.

62. Halmaturus parma.

64 ? Halmaturus banksianus.

66. Petrogale robusta.

68. Petrogale penicillata.

70.* Hypsiprymnus minor.

73. Lagorchestes leporoides.

74. Bettongia setosa.

76. Bettongia whitei.

78. Bettongia rufescens.

79. Phascolarctos fuscus.

82. Pseudomys australis.

87. Mus platyurus ?

88. Mus hovellii ?

89. Hapalotis albipes.

90. Hapalotis mitchellii.

92. Echidna aculeata.

94.* Ornithorhynchus paradoxus.

Two species are remarkable as being common to the East and South sides of the Continent, namely:

48. Macropus laniger.

84. Mus lutreola.

26.* P. fasciata.

The latter is also found in Van Diemen's Land. And the four following species are common to the South, West, and East sides of the Continent:

5. Scotophilus australis.

32. Phalangista vulpina.

38. Hepoona cookii, and varieties.

81. Hydromys chrysogaster.

These are all also found in Van Diemens' Land, and may therefore be considered as the most generally distributed of all the Australian animals. Both the Phalangista and the Hepoona are very variable in their colours, and may prove to comprise different species when we are enabled to examine a larger number of specimens from different localities.

...

APPENDIX D.

Mr. Gould, who is now engaged in a work upon the Ornithology of Australia, having been solicited to furnish a list of the Birds of the Western coast, has kindly forwarded the following enumeration of the species which have come under his notice as inhabiting that part of the country. The list, although necessarily incomplete, is the most perfect that has yet been published, and will doubtless be of considerable interest to the scientific as well as the general reader.

ORDER RAPTORES.

Aquila fucosa, Cuv. Buteo melanosternon, Gould. Haliaeetus canorus, Vig. and Horsf. Pandion leucocephalus, Gould. Falco hypoleucos, Gould. Falco melanogenys, Gould. Falco frontatus, Gould. Ieracidea berigora, Gould. Astur approximans, Vig. and Horsf. Accipiter torquatus, Vig. and Horsf. Milvus isurus, Gould. Elanus axillaris. Circus affinis? Jard. and Selb. Nyctale ? Boobook, Gould. Strix cyclops, Gould. Strix delicatulus, Gould.

ORDER INSESSORES, Vig.

Aegotheles novae-hollandiae, Vig. and Horsf. Podargus brachypterus, Gould. Eurostopodus guttatus, Gould. Halcyon sanctus, Vig. and Horsf. Merops ornatus, Lath. Hirundo pacifica ? Lath. Collocalia ? leucosterna, Gould. Cotyle pyrrhonota. Cotyle familiaris, Gould. Seisura volitans, Vig. and Horsf. Microeca assimilis, Gould. Rhipidura albiscapa, Gould. Rhipidura isura, Gould. (North-West Coast.) Piezorhynchus nitidus, Gould. (North-West Coast.) Ceblepyris humeralis, Gould. Graucalus melanops, Vig. and Horsf. Artamus albovittatus, Vieill. Artamus personatus, Gould. Artamus cinereus, Vieill. Artamus leucorhynchus, Vieill. Falcunculus leucogaster, Gould. Cracticus destructor. Cracticus argenteus, Gould. Gymnorhina tibicen ? G.R. Gray. Strepera tibicen ? Eopsaltria griseogularis, Gould. Colluricincla rufiventris, Gould. Colluricincla brunnea, Gould. (North-West Coast.) Oreoica gutturalis, Gould. Pachycephala gutturalis, Vig. and Horsf. Pachycephala pectoralis, Vig. and Horsf. Dasyornis longirostris, Gould. Salicaria ? longirostris ? Petroica multicolor, Swains. Petroica goodenovii, Jard. and Selb. Petroica bicolor, Swains. Zosterops chloronotus, Gould. Ephthianura albifrons, Gould. Acanthiza chrysorrhoea, Gould. Acanthiza inornata, Gould. Acanthiza (Like A. diemenensis, Gould.) Pyrrholaemus brunneus, Gould. Gerygone brevirostris, Gould.* Gerygone culicivorus, Gould.* (* These birds have been characterised by me under the generic name of Psilopus; but that term having been previously employed in Entomology I propose to alter it to Gerygone.) Sericornis frontalis ? Gould. Malurus elegans, Gould. Malurus lamberti, Vig. and Horsf. (North-West Coast.) Malurus splendens, Gould. Stipiturus malachurus, Less. Calamanthus campestris, Gould. Cinclorhamphus cruralis, Gould. Cinclorhamphus rufescens, Gould. Anthus australis ? Vig. and Horsf. Pardalotus ornatus, Temm. Pardalotus punctatus, Vieill. Cinclosoma castanotus, Gould. Dicaeum atrogaster, Less. Amadina ? acuticauda, Gould. (North-West Coast.) Amadina ? pectoralis, Gould. (North-West Coast.) Estrilda bella. Estrilda ? annulosa, Gould. (North-West Coast.) Grallina melanoleuca, Vieill. Climacteris rufa, Gould. Sittella melanocephala, Gould. Chalcites lucidus, Less. Cuculus cinereus, Vig. and Horsf. Cuculus inornatus, Vig. and Horsf. Eudynamys Orientalis ? Vig. and Horsf. (North-West Coast.) Centropus affinis, Gould. Platycercus zonarius, Wagl. Platycercus icterotis, Wagl. Platycercus pileatus, Vig. Polytelis melanura, Wagl. Nymphicus novae-hollandiae, Wagl. Pezoporus formosus, Ill. Euphema elegans, Gould. Euphema splendida, Gould. Euphema petrophila, Gould. Trichoglossus porphyrocephalus, Diet. Plyctolophus leadbeateri, Vig. Plyctolophus galeritus, Vieill. Licmetis pastinator, Gould. Calyptorhynchus naso, Gould. Calyptorhynchus baudinii, Vig. Anthochaera lewinii, Vig. and Horsf. Anthochaera lunulata, Gould. Myzantha obscura, Gould. Meliphaga mystacalis, Gould. Meliphaga novae-hollandiae ? Vig. and Horsf. Ptilotis ornata, Gould. Ptilotis leucotis, Swains. Ptilotis plumula, Gould. Ptilotis sonora, Gould. Glyciphila ocularis ? Gould. Glyciphila albifrons, Gould. Haematops lunulatus ? Gould. Acanthorhynchus superciliosus, Gould. Myzomela nigra, Gould.

ORDER RASORES.

Turtur spilonota. Peristera chalcoptera, Swains. Peristera scripta. Petrophassa albipennis, Gould. (North-West Coast.) Coturnix australis, Temm. Turnix* varius, Vieill. Turnix velox, Gould. Turnix castanotus, Gould. (*The term Turnix having been published long prior to that of Hemipodius it must necessarily be employed in preference to the latter; the Australian species of this form will therefore stand as: Turnix varius, Vieill. Turnix melanogaster, Gould. Turnix castanotus, Gould. Turnix velox, Gould. Turnix pyrrhothorax, Gould. Turnix melanotus, Gould.) Leipoa ocellata, Gould.

ORDER GRALLATORES.

Otis australasianus, Gould. Dromaius novae-hollandiae, Vieill. OEdicnemus novae-hollandiae, Lath. Charadrius virginianus, Borkh. Squatarola helvetica ? Cuv. AEgialitis nigrifrons, Gould. AEgialitis ruficapillus. Himantopus leucocephalus, Gould. Chladorhynchus pectoralis, G.R. Gray. Vanellus ? pectoralis. Erythrogonys cinctus, Gould. Strepsilas collaris, Temm. Pelidna australis, Jard. Limosa australis, Briss. Totanus stagnatilis ? Bechst. Haematopus picatus ? Haematopus niger ? Numenius australasianus, Gould. Recurvirostra rubricollis, Temm. Porphyrio bellus, Gould. Tribonyx ventralis, Gould. Fulica novae-hollandiae, Gould. Rallus phillipensis, Linn. Zapornia phillipensis ? Botauras stellaris ? Steph. Nycticorax caledonicus, Less. Ardea novae-hollandiae, Lath.

ORDER NATATORES.

Larus leucomelas, Vieill. Xema jamesonii. Sterna poliocerca, Gould. Sterna caspia ? Pall. Sterna caspia ? (like minuta). Sterna dougallii, Mont. Diomedea exulans, Linn. Diomedea melanophrys, Temm. Diomedea chlororhyncha, Gmel. Diomedea fuliginosa, Gmel. Procellaria gigantea, Auct. Puffinus brevicaudus, Gould. Puffinus chlorhynchus, Less. Cygnus atratus, Linn. Anser atratus ? Casarka tadornoides, Eyton. Malacorhynchus membranaceus, Swains. Nyroca australis, Gould. Anas novae-hollandiae, Steph. Anas naevosa, Gould. Mareca castanea, Eyton. Rhynchaspis rhyncotis, Steph. Biziura lobata, G.R. Gray. Oxyura australis, Gould. Podiceps cristatus, Lath. Podiceps gularis, Gould. Podiceps poliocephalus ? Jard. and Selb. Pelecanus spectabilis, Temm. Phalacrocorax Carbo? Cuv. Phalacrocorax pica. Phalacrocorax melanoleucus, Vieill. Spheniscus minor.

...

APPENDIX E.

A Catalogue of the Species of Reptiles and Amphibia hitherto described as inhabiting Australia, with a description of some New Species from Western Australia, and some remarks on their geographical distribution, by JOHN EDWARD GRAY, F.R.S. etc. etc. in a note to the author.

Order 1. SAURI.

Family MONITORIDAE.

1. Odatria punctata, Gray Annals of Natural History 1 394. Grey olive, with narrow black reticulated lines, leaving large hexagonal spots. Head, limbs, and tail blackish, with a few pale spots. Inhabits Western Australia.

2. Hydrosaurus varius, Gray Annals of Natural History 1 394. Uaranus varius, Merrem. Gray King's Voyage 2 427. Lacerta varia, Shaw. White Journal New South Wales 246 t. 3. f 2. Shaw N. Misc. t. 83. Tupinambis variegatus, Dauden. Inhabits New Holland.

3. Hydrosaurus gouldii, Gray Annals of Natural History 1 394. With two yellow streaks on the side of the neck. Scales over the orbits small, flat. Inhabits Australia.

4. Uaranus bellii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 3 493 t. 35 f. 1. Inhabits New Holland, T. Bell, Esquire.

Family SCINCIDAE.

5. Trachysaurus rugosus, Gray King's Voyage 2 421. Annals of Natural History 2 288. T. peronii, Wagler Icon t. 36. Scincus pachyurus, Peron. manuscript. Stump-tailed Goanna, Colonist's. Inhabits Western Australia, Perth.

6. Trachysaurus typicus. Brachydactylus typicus, A. Smith South African Journal 1. Inhabits Western Australia, Perth.

7. Egernia cunninghami, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 288. Tiliqua cunninghami, Gray Proceedings of the Zoological Society. Inhabits New Holland, Liverpool Plains.

8. Tiliqua whitei, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 288. Tiliqua tuberculata, Gray King's Voyage 2 429. Lacerta scincoides. Shaw Zool t. 81. Scincus gigas, Bodd. S. crotaphomelas, Lacep. A. Museum H. N. 4 192. S. tuberculatus, Merrem. 73. Cyclodus flavigularis, Wagler Icon t. 6. Inhabits New Holland; Java ?

9. Tiliqua casuarinae. Cyclodus casuarinae, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 749. Inhabits "New Holland," Dumeril.

10. Tiliqua nigrolutea, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 290. Scincus nigroluteus, Quoy and Gaim. Voyage Uran t. 41. Cyclodus nigroluteus, Wagler Syst. 162. Inhabits New Holland.

11. Tiliqua trivittata ? Gray Syn. Griffith A. K. 68. Illust. Ind. Zool t. Annals of Natural History 2 289. Scincus ocellatus, and S. leuerinensis, Peron. manuscript. S. Whitei, Lacep. Ann. Museum H. N. 4 192. S. taeniolatus and S. quadrilineatus, Merrem. S. moniliger, Valenc. Museum Paris. Inhabits New Holland, Peron. India.

12. Tiliqua taeniolata, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 289. Lacerta taeniolata, Shaw Zool. 3 239. White Journal t. 32. Scincus undecimstriatus, Kuhl Beytr. S. octolineatus, Daud. S. a dix raies, Lacep. A. mus. H. N. 4 192. S. multilineatus, Lesson Voyage Coq. t. 3 f. 2. Inhabits New Holland, Sydney.

13. Tiliqua labillardieri, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 289. Scincus labillardieri, Cocteau British Museum. Lygosoma labillardieri, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 731. Inhabits New Holland, Islands of Waigiou and Rawack.

14. Tiliqua napoleonis, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 290. Scincus napoleonis, Cuv. British Museum. S. trifasciatus, Peron. Tropidolepisma dumerilii, var. c. Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 745. Psammite de Napoleon, Coct. Inhabits "New Holland."

15. Tiliqua kingii, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 290. Scincus nicittensis, Peron manuscript. Psammite de Dumeril, Coct. Tab. Tropidolepisma dumerilii beta, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 745. Inhabits New Holland, British Museum.

16. Tiliqua aterrima. Scincus aterrimus, Peron. Tropidolepisma dumerilii alpha, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 745 t. 50. Inhabits New Holland.

17. Tiliqua tenuis, Gray Griffith A.K. 71. Annals of Natural History 2 291. Scincus erucotis, Peron manuscripts. Lygosoma erucata, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 726. Inhabits New Holland, British Museum.

18. Tiliqua stoddardtii, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 291. Inhabits New Holland, Museum Chatham.

19. Tiliqua vachelli, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 291. Inhabits New Holland, Museum Chatham.

20. Tiliqua leucopsis, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 291. Inhabits New Holland, Museum Chatham.

21. Tiliqua australis, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 291. Inhabits New Holland, British Museum.

22. Tiliqua buchananii, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 291. Inhabits New Holland. British Museum.

23. Tiliqua trilineata, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 291. Inhabits New Holland, British Museum.

24. Tiliqua duperreyii, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 292. Scincus duperreyii, Cocteau. Lygosoma duperreyii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 715. Inhabits South Australia, Kangaroo Island.

25. Tiliqua entrecasteaux, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 292.? Scincus entrecasteaux, Cocteau. Lygosoma entrecasteaux, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 717. Tiliqua reevesii, Gray Annals of Natural History 1 292 ? Scinque a flanc noir, Quoy and Gaim. Voyage Uranie Zool. t. 42 f. 1 ? Lygosoma quoyii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 728. Inhabits New Holland. Var. beta China.

26. Tiliqua lesueurii. Lygosoma lesueurii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 733. Inhabits New Holland.

27. Tiliqua guichenoti. Lygosoma guichenoti, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 713. Inhabits New Holland.

28. Tiliqua bougainvilii, Coct. Lygosoma bougainvillii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 716. Inhabits New Holland.

29. Tiliqua naevia. Scincus naevius, Peron. S. melanopogon, Muller. S. erythrolaemus, Muller. Museum Leyd. Lygosoma melanopogon, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 723. Inhabits New Holland, New Guinea, and Timor.

30. Riopa bougainvillii, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 332. Scincus bougainvillii, Cocteau. Inhabits New Holland.

31. Lygosoma australis, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 332. Inhabits New Holland, Museum Chatham.

32. Chiamela duvaucellii, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 333. Scincus duvaucellii, Cocteau. Museum Paris. fide Bibron. Museum British. Inhabits Australia, King George's Sound, Museum Paris.

33. Tetradactylus decresiensis, Peron. Cuv. Gray Annals of Natural History 2 233. Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 764. Inhabits Australia, King George's Sound, Kangaroo Island.

34. Tridactylus decresiensis, Peron. Gray Annals of Natural History 2 333. Hemiergis decresiensis, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 766. Zignis decresiensis, Fitz. Inhabits Australia, Kangaroo Island.

35. Ronia catenulata, t. 4 f. 1. Gray Annals of Natural History 1841. Inhabits Western Australia.

Family GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE.

36. Cryptoblepharis poecilopleurus, Gray Annals of Natural History 1 335. Ablepharis poecilopleurus, Weigm. N. Act. Nat. Cuv. 17 183 t. 8 f. 1. A. peronii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 813. A. leschenaultii, Coct. Mag. Zool t. 1. Crypt. peronii, Coct. Etudes, t. Scincus boutonii, Desjard. S. arenarius and S. furcatus, Museum Leyd. Inhabits New Holland, Java, and Isle of France.

37. Cryptoblepharis lineo-ocellatus. Ablepharis lineo-ocellatus, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 817. Inhabits New Holland, Museum Paris.

Family LIALISIDAE.

38. Lialis burtonii, t. 3 f. 1 t. 5 f. 4. Gray Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1834 134. Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 831. Inhabits Australia, Western Australia.

Family PYGOPIDAE.

39. Pygopus lepidopus, Merrem Syn. 77. Bipes lepidopode, Lacep. Ann. Museum H. N. 4 193, 209 t. 55 f. 1. Sheltopusik novae hollandiae, Oppell. Hysteropus lepidopus, Boug. H. novae hollandiae, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 832. Inhabits New Holland. There are sometimes some scales between the anterior frontal plates.

40. Delma fraseri, t. 4 f. 3 Gray Zool. Misc. Inhabits New Holland, Liverpool Plains ? Western Australia, J. Gould.

Family RHODONIDAE.

41. Rhodona punctata, Gray Annals of Natural History 2 335. Brachystopus lineato-punctatus, A. Smith manuscript ? Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 779. Inhabits New Holland, South Africa, Dumeril !

42. Soridia lineata, t. 3 f. 2 Gray Annals of Natural History 2 335. Prepaeditus lineatus, Dumeril and Bibron 5 788. Inhabits Australia, Western Australia, J. Gould, common.

43. Chelomeles quadrilineatus, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 5 774. Inhabits New Holland, Museum Paris.

Family APRASIADAE.

44. Aprasia pulchella, t. 4 f. 2 Gray Annals of Natural History 2 331. Inhabits Western Australia.

Family GECKOTIDAE.

45. Platydactylus ornatus, Gray. Phelsuma ornata, Gray King's Voyage 2 428. Inhabits New Holland.

46. Phyllodactylus strophurus, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 3 397 t. 32 f. 1. Inhabits West Coast of Australia, Shark Bay, Quoy and Gaimard.

47. Phyllodactylus porphyreus, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 3 393. Gecko porphyreus, Daud. Sphaerodactylus porphyreus, Wagler. Inhabits New Holland.

48. Phyllodactylus lesueurii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 3 392. Inhabits New Holland and New Guinea.

49. Diplodactylus vittatus, Gray Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1832 40. Phyllodactylus vittatus, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 3 400. Inhabits New Holland, Liverpool Plains.

50. Peropus variegatus. Hemidactylus variegatus, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 3 353. Inhabits West Coast of Australia, Shark Bay, and Van Diemen's Land.

51. Phyllurus platurus, Cuv. R. A. 2 58. P. cuvieri, Borg. Lacerta platura, Shaw. White Journal New South Wales 246 t. 3 f. 2. L. discosura, Lacep. Stellio phyllurus, Schneider. S. platurus, Daud. Gecko platicaudus, Schinz. Agama platyura and A. discosura, Merrem. Gymnodactylus platurus, Wagler. G. phyllurus, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 3 428. Cyrtodactylus platurus, Gray. Inhabits New Holland.

52. Phyllurus miliusii, Bory St. Vincent Dict. Class H. N. 7 183 t. Cyrtodactylus miliusii, Gray. Gymnodactylus miliusii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 3 450 t. 33 f. 1. Inhabits New Holland, Museum Paris.

Family AGAMIDAE.

53. Chlamydosaurtis kingii, Gray King's Voyage Australia 2 424 t. Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 4 441 t. 45. Inhabits West Coast of Australia, Careening Bay, A. Cunningham, Esquire, Port Nelson. Captain Grey sent a fine specimen of this species to the Museum during his travels.

54. Lophura lesueurii, Gray Syn. Griffith A. K. 60. Istiurus lesueurii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 4. Inhabits Australia, New Holland.

55. Grammatophora barbata, Kaup Isis. Gray. Dumeril and Bibron ? Agama barbata, Cuv. R. A. 2 35. Inhabits New Holland.

56. Grammatophora muricata, Kaup Isis 1827 621. Gray. Dumeril and Bibron. Lacerta muricata, Shaw Zool. 3 t. 63 f. 1. Agama muricata, Daud. A. jacksoniensis, Kuhl. Guerin Icon t. 3 f. Amphibolus muricatus, Wiegmann. Inhabits New Holland. Var. 1 diemenensis, Gray Annals of Natural History 1840. Inhabits Van Diemen's Land. Var. 2 adelaidensis. Gray Annals of Natural History 1840. Inhabits Western Australia, Adelaide.

57. Grammatophora gaimardii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 4 470. Inhabits West Coast of Australia, Shark Bay.

58. Grammatophora decresii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 4 472. Inhabits Australia, Kangaroo Island. Var. 1. Inhabits Western Australia.

59. Grammatophora cristata, Gray Annals of Natural History 1840. Inhabits Western Australia, J. Gould.

60. Moloch horridus, t. 2. Gray Annals of Natural History 1841. Inhabits Western Australia, Captain G. Grey. J. Gould.

61. Uromastix griseus, Cuv. R. A. 2 34. Inhabits "New Holland." Peron. It is very probable that this species was established on a variety or discoloured specimen of U. hardwickii, and it is very doubtful if it is a native of New Holland.

Family CHAMAELEONIDAE.

62. Chamaeleo bifurcus, Brongn. Bull. Soc. Philom. number 36 f. 2. Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 3 233 t. 27 f. 3. Cham. bifidus, Latr. Inhabits "New Holland." Messieurs Dumeril and Bibron, in the work cited, state that this species is found in New Holland, but I believe this is a mistake, as I have neither seen nor heard of any species of this genus being found in Australia.

Order 2. OPHIDII.

Family VIPERIDAE.

63. Acanthophis palpebrosa. A. cerastinus, Lacep. Ann. Museum 4 100. Guerin Icon. t. 24 f. 2. A. brownii, Leach Zool. Misc. 1 t. 3. Boa palpebrosa, Shaw Zool. 3 362. Ophryas acanthophis, Merrem. 147. Schlingende Natter, Merrem Beytr. 2 t. 3. Vipera acanthophis, Schlegel. 2 605 t. 21 f. 21, 22, 23. Inhabits New Holland.

Family COLUBRIDAE.

64. Tropidonotus mairii, Gray. Inhabits New Holland, Dr. Mair, 39th Regiment Museum Chatham.

65. Leptophis punctulatus, Gray, King's Voyage 2 432. Inhabits Careening Bay, James Hunter, Esquire.

66. Leptophis spilotus, Gray, King's Voyage 2 433. Inhabits Australia Cape, P.P. King, R.N.

67. Naja custa, Schlegel Phy. Serp. 2 486. Inhabits Australia, King George's Sound, Museum Paris.

68. Naja bungaroides, Schlegel Phys. Serp. 2 477. Inhabits New Holland, Port Jackson, and India, Museum Paris. Var. 1. New Holland. Dr. Mair.

69. Trimesurus leptocephalus, Lacep. Ann. Museum 4 196 t. 56 f. 1. Crimson-sided Snake, Coluber porphyraicus, Shaw Zool. t. 110. New Holland, t. 10. Hurria porphyraica, Merrem. Boa laevis, Lacep. Ann. Museum 4 195. Duberia porphyriaca, Fitz. Acanthophis tortor, Lesson Voyage t. 6. Guerin Icon. t. 24 f. 1. Pseudechis porphyriacus, Wagler. Alecto, Wagler. Oplocephalus, Cuv. R. Anim. 2 94. Naja porphyraica, Schlegel. 1 181 2 479 t. 17 f. 6, 7. Inhabits New Holland, Sidney.

70. Trimesurus olivaceus, Gray. Inhabits New Holland, Dr. Mair.

71. Calimaria diadema, 65 f. 3. Schlegel Phys. Serp. 1 131 2 32. Inhabits Australia, New Holland, Quoy and Dr. Mair. Western Australia, Mr. Gould.

72. Calimaria annulata, Gray. Snake, n. 2. White Journal Appendix 259 t. f. 2. Inhabits New Holland, Dr. Lewis.

73. Tortrix pseudo-eryx, Schlegel Phys. Serp. 1 128 2 19. Inhabits New Holland, Port Jackson, Peron.

74. Tortrix australis, Gray. Inhabits New Holland, Museum Chatham, n. 68.

75. Elaps psammophis, Schlegel Phys. Serp. 1 182 2 454. Inhabits New Holland.

76. Elaps coronatus, Schlegel Phys. Serp. 1 184 2 454. Inhabits New Holland.

77. Elaps gouldii, t. 5 f. 1. Gray Annals of Natural History 1841. Inhabits Western Australia.

78. Elaps ? lewisii, Gray. Inhabits New Holland, Dr. Lewis.

Family BOIDAE.

79. Python spilotes. P. punctatus, Merrem Tent. 150. P. peronii, Cuv. R. A. Wagner, Icon. t. 1. Coluber spilotes, Lacep. Ann. Museum 4 195. Echidna spilotes, Merrem. Australian Snake, Shaw's Zool. 505. Snake, n. 1. and 5. White Voyage Appendix 159 t. f. 5 and t. f. 1. Inhabits New Holland, White. King George's Sound, Quoy.

Family HYDRIDAE.

80. Aspisurus laticaudatus. Coluber laticaudatus, Linn. Museum Ad. t. 16 f. 1. Platura fasciata, Latreille. Pl. semi-fasciata, Reinw. Laticauda imbricata, Laur. Aspisurus laevis, Lacep. Ann. Museum 4 197 t. 56 f. 3. Hydrus colubrinus, Schlegel Phys. Serp. 514 t. 18 f. 18 to 22. Inhabits New Holland.

81. Pelamis bicolor, Daud. Anguis platura, Linn. S. N. 391. Hydrophis platura, Latr. Hydrus bicolor, Schneider. Inhabits New Holland. Port Jackson, Forster.

82. Disteria doliata, Lacep. Ann. Museum 4 199 t. 57. f. 2. Hydrophis schistosus, Daud. Schlegel Phys. Serp. 500. Inhabits New Holland.

Order 3. CHELONIA. Family CHELYDAE.

83. Platemys macquaria, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 2 458. Hydraspis macquaria, Gray Syn. Rept. 1 40. Emys macquaria, Cuv. R. Anim. 2 11. Inhabits New Holland ?

84. Hydraspis australis, t. 6. new species. Inhabits.

85. Chelodina longicollis, Gray Syn. Rep. 39. C. novae hollandae, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 2 445 t. 21 f. 2. Testudo longicollis, Shaw Gen. Zool. 3 62 t. 16. Zool. New Hol. 1 19 t. 7. Emys longicollis, Schw. Prod. 1 309, 433. Hydraspis longicollis. Bell Zool. Journal 3 512. Inhabits New Holland, Sydney.

86. Chelodina oblonga, t. 7 new species. Inhabits Western Australia.

Family CHELONIADAE.

87. Chelonia caretta. Testudo caretta, Solander manuscript Banks Icon. ined. in British Museum n. 41, 42, 43. Inhabits Sea. Latitude 37 South, December 23 1768. Captain Cook.

88. Chelonia imbricata. Inhabits Sea, New Holland, New Guinea.

89. Chelonia mydas. Testudo mydas, Solander manuscript. Banks Icon. ined. in British Museum n. 39, 40. Inhabits New Holland, Endeavour River, Cook's Voyage.

Order EMYDOSAURI.

Family CROCODILIDAE.

90. Crocodilus vulgaris, Cuv. Ann. Mus. 10 40 t. 1 f. 5 12 t. 2 f. 7. Inhabits New Holland, Mouth of Endeavour River, Captain Cook.

Class AMPHIBIA.

Family RANIDAE.

91. Cystignathus peronii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 8 409. Inhabits New Holland ? Peron.

92. Cystignathus dorsalis, Gray Annals of Natural History 1841. Inhabits Western Australia.

93. Crinia georgiana, Tschudi, 2 78. Cystignathus georgianus, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 8 416. Inhabits Australia, King George's Sound.

94. Heleioporus albopunctatus, tab. 1 f. 2 Gray Annals of Natural History 1841. Inhabits Western Australia.

Family HYLIDAE.

95. Litoria freycinetii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 8 504 t. 88 f. 2. Inhabits New Holland, Port Jackson.

90. Hyla peronii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 8 569. Dendrohyas peronii, Tschudi, 75. Inhabits New Holland, Peron.

97. Hyla coerulea. Hyla cyanea, Daud. Schlegel. Dum. Blue Frog, White Journal Appendix 248. Rana australasiae, Schneider. R. coerulea, Shaw Gen. Zool. 3 113. Daud. Mer. Calamites cyanea, Fitz. Tschudi. Calamites coerulea, Wagler. Inhabits New Holland, New Guinea, Timor.

98. Hyla jervisiensis, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 8 580. Inhabits New Holland, Jervis Bay.

99. Hyla lesueurii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 8 595. H. oculata, Peron manuscript. Inhabits New Holland, Port Jackson.

100. Hyla ewingii, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 8 597. Inhabits Van Diemen's Land.

101. Hyla citropa, Peron and Lesueur. Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 8 600. Dendrohyas citropa, Tschudi, 75. Inhabits New Holland, Port Jackson.

102. Hyla aurea. Rana aurea, Lesson Voyage Coq. t. 7 f. 2. Hyla jacksoniensis, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 8 602. Ranoidea jacksoniensis, Tschudi. Inhabits New Holland, Port Jackson.

103. Hyla adelaidensis, t. 8 f. 2. Gray Annals of Natural History 1841. Inhabits Western Australia.

104. Hyla bioculata, t. 8 f. 1. Gray Annals of Natural History 1841. Inhabits Western Australia.

105. Uperoleja marmorata, Gray Annals of Natural History 1841. Inhabits Western Australia.

Family BUFONIDAE.

106. Phreniscus australis, Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen. 8 725. Bombinator australis, Gray Proceedings of the Zoological Society. Inhabits New Holland.

107. Breviceps gouldii; Gray Annals of Natural History 1841. Breviceps heliogabali, Gray, tab. 1 f. 1. Inhabits Western Australia.

I have been induced to add to the foregoing list the following observations on the more obscure and hitherto unknown genera and species.

RONIA, Gray. Head rather shelving, shielded with one transverse frontal and two large vertebral plates, the hinder largest; the rostral plates large, with two unequal superciliary plates. The nasal plate triangular, interposed between the rostral plate and the frontal ones, with the nostrils in its centre; loreal plates two, square; labial plates large; ears none, only a very indistinct sunk dot in their place. Body cylindrical; tail conical, tapering. Scales smooth, ovate, imbricate, those of the belly 6-sided. The front limbs very small, rudimentary, undivided; the hinder limbs moderately developed, ending in two very unequal toes, with distinct claws.

35. Ronia catenulata, Gray, t. 4 f. 1.

Back grey, with eight series of small black dots, one dot on the centre of each scale; cheeks black speckled; sides and beneath whitish.

Body 3 1/2, tail 2 1/2 inches.

Inhabits Western Australia. Mr. J. Gould.

The scales under the tail are rather larger, and the spots on the tail are also rather larger than those on the back.

38. Lialis burtonii, t. 3 f. 1. Gray Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1834 134. Dumeril and Bibron H. R. 831.

Pale brown, back with three longitudinal brown streaks, each occupying half of two series of scales; the centre streak divided into two over the nape and head, uniting together again over the tip of the nose.

Inhabits Western Australia. J. Gould.

Family Pygopidae.

Head short, with two or three pairs of narrow frontal shields, similar to, and behind the nasal shield, with two odd large vertebral shields; nostrils oblong, in the suture between the outer angle of the nasal shield and the front loreal shields; ears distinct, tympanum sunk; eyes surrounded with a series of scales; belly with two or four series of broad 6-sided ventral shields; tail with three series of broader shields, the central the broadest; limbs two, rudimentary, undivided, scaly, on the side of the vent; throat covered with small scales; lower labial plates large.

Pygopus. The scales of the back keeled, with a series of numerous praeanal pores; pupil round; the hinder limbs elongate.

Delma. The scales smooth; praeanal pores none; pupil elliptical, erect; hinder limbs short.

42. Soridia lineata, t. 3, f. 2.

M. Bibron in the work quoted observes: La Soridia lineata de M. Gray n'est pas different d'une espece de Scincoiden du Cap que nous avons vue dans la collection de M. Smith a Chatham et de laquelle nous avions pris une description qui s'est malheureusement egaree. Page 787. And again: Nous croyons que c'est par erreur que M. Gray a indique cette espece comme provenant de la Nouvelle Hollande, nous pensons plutot qu'elle est originaire du Cap, et la meme que celle dont nous parlions tout a l'heure ou le Scincoidien que d'accord avec le Dr. Smith nous nous proposions d'appeller Praepeditus lineatus. Page 788.

I do not know what Dr. Smith's animal may be, but the account of Praepeditus, given by M. Bibron, is only a translation of my description of Soridia! It is not probable that this animal should come both from Australia and the Cape. It is certainly from New Holland.

44. APRASIA.

The head small, shielded; muzzle rounded, rather produced, with two pairs of large frontal shields, covering the cheeks, a large six-sided elongated vertebral shield, and a pair of small superciliar shields; rostral and labial shields large, few; the nostrils small, in the sutures between the tip of the front upper labial, and the anterior frontal plates; eyes circular, edged with a series of small scales; pupil round; ears none; body and tail cylindrical, tapering, covered with hexangular scales, the ventral shields rather broader; limbs none.

By some mistake the slip containing the description of this genus in my synopsis of the slender-tongued Saurians got into the wrong place with the Tiliquae instead of being near Anguis.

56. Grammatophora muricata.

The young animals have a series of small spines on each side of the base of the tail, and a series of spots on each side of the back.

Mr. Gould has brought home two very distinct local varieties.

Var. 1 diemenensis. Young dark-coloured, with vermiculated marks on the chin, chest, and abdomen. The adult dark, beneath gray, varied with black spots placed in irregular lines.

Inhabits Van Diemen's Land.

Var. 2 adelaidensis. Young pale above and beneath, with three broad diverging black lines on the chin, leaving an oblong spot in the centre of the throat, with a broad streak on the chest separated into three lines on the abdomen, which unite together again on the pubis. The adult gray, with a few spots beneath.

58. Grammatophora decresii, Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen. 4 472. ?

Tail conical, with nearly regular scales, the base rather swollen, without any series of spines on the side; the nape and back with a series of rather larger, low, compressed scales; back with small sub-equal scales, and a few larger ones in cross series; side of the head near the ears and side of neck with two or three ridges crowned with short conical spines. In spirits black, yellow spotted and varied, beneath gray, vermiculated with blackish; tail black-ringed.

Inhabits Western Australia.

So much smaller than G. muricata that I might have considered them as young animals if one of them had not had the body filled with well-formed eggs; and the tail is much shorter in comparison than even in the young of that species.

They agree in most points with the description given by Messieurs Dumeril and Bibron, but not in the colour and in the size of the tail. The specimens in our collection greatly differ in their colour, but are all very different from any other species.

59. Grammatophora cristata. Nape with a crest of distinct, rather short, curved, compressed, spinose scales; back and tail with a series of compressed keeled scales, forming a slight keel; occiput with separate short strong conical spines: sides of the neck and back with folds crowned with series of short compressed scales; base of the tail with some scattered larger scales. In spirits, dull olive; crown black with large white spots, beneath black; middle of the belly, and undersides of the base of the tail white; tail with black rings at the end; feet whitish.

Inhabits Western Australia. Mr. J. Gould.

The underside is coloured somewhat like G. maculatus (G. gaimardii, Dumeril and Bibron) but the sides of the head near the ears are spinose, and the nape is distinctly crested.

But as Dumeril and Bibron's species is only described from a single specimen which is in a bad state, and has lost its epidermis, and as the description itself, though long, refers chiefly to parts which do not differ in the species of the genus, this species may prove not to be different from it.

These authors, in giving the character of Grammatophora gaimardii and G. decresii, appears to place great reliance on the one having tubular and the other non-tubular femoral pores, which is a fact entirely dependent on the state in which the animal might be at the time when it was put into the spirits, as I have verified by comparing numerous specimens of different reptiles furnished with these pores.

But in this genus the size of the pores is apparently of less importance than in many others, for they appear to be quite invisible in some states of the animal: thus out of many specimens of G. muricata brought by Mr. Gould from Van Diemen's Land and Western Australia, eight specimens have no visible pores; these specimens differ from the others in being of a rather paler colour beneath. This state of the pores may entirely depend on the manner in which they were preserved, for all these specimens had a slit made into their abdomen to admit the spirits; while in all the specimens in which this care had not been taken the pores are distinctly seen, sometimes moderately sized, and at others tubularly produced.

60. MOLOCH, Gray.

Body depressed, covered with irregular, unequal, small, granular plates, each furnished with a more or less prominent central spine, and with a series of large, conical, convex, acute spines; head and limbs covered with similar scales and spines; head small, with very large spines over each of the eyebrows; tail with irregular rings of large acute spines; femoral and subanal pores none; teeth small, subequal; toes 5.5, short, covered above and below with keeled scales; claws long, acute.

The external appearance of this Lizard is the most ferocious of any that I know, the horns of the head and the numerous spines on the body giving it a most formidable aspect. The scales of the back are small and unequal; they gradually increase in size as they approach the base of the conical spines, which is surrounded with a ring of larger scales with longer spines; the large spines are conical; rather compressed, spinulose below, smooth and acute at the tip, and are usually furnished with a sharp-toothed ridge on the front edge, and sometimes on both. These spines only consist of a horny sheath, placed on a fleshy process of the exact form and appearance of the spines they bear.

The scales of the underside of the body are of the same form as those of the back, and are furnished with similar but smaller and less produced spines. The back of the neck of the two specimens I have seen is furnished with a large rounded protuberance like a cherry, covered with large granular spinous scales, and armed on each side with a large conical spine; but I do not know if this is common to the species or merely accidental in these individuals; at any rate it adds considerably to the singularity of their appearance.

I have named this genus, from its appearance, after "Moloch, horrid king."

60. Moloch horridus, t. 2.

Pale yellow, marked with dark regular spots; sides and beneath with black-edged dark red similar spots.

Inhabits Western Australia. The Honourable Captain G. Grey, and John Gould, Esquire.

The marks on the body are very definite, but from the irregularity of their form they are not easily described.

The lips are dark brown, with two streaks up to the small spines on the forehead; there is a dark cross-band from the base of the two large horns over the eyebrows, running behind, and then dividing into broad streaks, one along each side of the centre of the back of the neck to between the shoulders, crossing the nuchal swelling. In the middle of the back there is a very large black patch nearly extending from side to side, and over the loins are two oblong longitudinal black spots; the dark lines commencing from the lower angle of each eye extend along the upper part of each side to the upper part of the groin; the front of the fore- and hind-legs, and the sides are marked with similar dark bands.

A dark band commences from the hinder part of the lower lip, merging in the throat, and expanding out so as to be united together at the back part of the chin. There is a large rather oblong spot in the centre of the chest and the hinder part of the abdomen, separated from each other by a large somewhat triangular spot on each side of the middle of the abdomen.

Body 4 1/2 inches.

This is the Spinous Lizard exhibited by Mr. Gould at the meeting of the Zoological Society in October 1840.

64. Tropidonotus mairii, Gray.

Olive, beneath pale olive, vertebral scales darker, slightly spotted; labial shield pale, dark edged. The dorsal and lateral scales keeled, placed in longitudinal series; the keels continued, equal; chin shields two pairs, long; throat scaly on the sides, shielded in the middle; loreal shields equal; one high anterior, and three small posterior ocular shields; temples shielded; nostrils in the suture between the scales; the anterior frontal narrow, moderate; eyes large, convex, pupil round.

Inhabits New Holland, Dr. Mair, 39th Regiment.

White, in the Appendix to his Journal, mentions and figures two snakes (n. 1 and 2 page 258) but his descriptions are so short, and his figures so indistinct, compared with what are now required to determine the species of snakes, that I am unable to apply them with certainty to any of the species here recorded.

68. Naja bungaroides, var.

Brown. Varied with a few whitish cross bands; last series of scales and beneath whitish ventral shield black in front; subcaudal plates, one-rowed; throat scaly; chin shields two pairs; eyes lateral, pupil round; front pair of frontal plates short; nostrils lateral, in two small shields, loreal shields none; one large anterior, and two moderate posterior ocular shields; lower temporal shield in the labial ones. Scales quite smooth, broad.

Inhabits New Holland. Dr. Mair.

69. Trimesurus leptocephalus.

Lacepede described this species twice, once as a Boa, and then as a Trimesurus. Mr. Schlegel observes that there is one of Baudin's original specimens in the Leyden collection, and that the scales are not in the least keeled, though Lacepede described them to be so. Lesson believing it to be an undescribed species formed for it his genus Acanthophis; Wagler has also formed two genera for this single species; and Cuvier formed from a variety of it with subcaudal bands a third genus, under the name of Oplocephalus.

70. Trimesurus olivaceus, Gray.

Olive-green, scales black; head dark with a black streak along each side, enclosing the eyes and united by a black band across the nape; lips, and beneath white; lips and chin black dotted, front of ventral shields blackish, throat scaly, chin shields two pairs. Under the epidermis bluish green; body elongate, tapering; tail moderate tapering, subeaudal shields one-rowed, longer towards the tip; scales all smooth, imbricated, subequal, rather larger below; head small, rather tapering in front, rounded; eyes rather small, pupil round, head shields normal; the nostrils lateral in the suture between two shields, hinder shield elongate; loreal shields none; one large anterior and two moderate post-ocular shields; labial shields subequal, lower temporal inserted.

Inhabits New Holland. Dr. Mair.

71. Calamaria diadema, t. 5 f. 3.

Body cylindrical, scales small; ventral shields brown, rounded; tail rather short, tapering; subcaudal plates two, round. Head small, indistinct, moderately long; head shields normal, first frontal small; nostril lunate, in the middle of a triangular nasal shield; no loreal; one rather large upper anterior, two posterior ocular shields, lowest largest; temples shielded; labial shield moderate. White dorsal scales with a distinct brown edge; head and nape black, with a broad white occipital band; beneath white.

New Holland. Dr. Mair.

72. Calamaria annulata, Gray. Snake, n. 2. White's Journal Appendix 259 f. 2.

White (in spirits) with twenty-eight black rings (twenty-five on the body and three on the tail;) head with two black bands, one on the end of the nose and the other with the eyes in front of it. Tip of the tail black; eyes small, pupil round; nostrils in the centre of a shield, lateral, erect; loreal shields none; one anterior oblique, and two small post-ocular shields.

Inhabits New Holland. Dr. Lewis.

74. Tortrix australis.

Pale olive, scales black-edged, on the sides widest; beneath bluish, with a white edged black band across the end of the muzzle; a white band before the front and back of the eyes, and a triangular black spot at the lower hinder angle of the eyes; pupil round; one large and two posterior ocular shields, no loreal shields; nostrils lateral, in the suture between the two nasal shields; scales smooth imbricate, those of the sides larger, of the tail six-sided.

77. Elaps gouldii, Gray, t. 5 f. 1.

Pale yellowish; the scales of the back small, 6-sided, with a dark anterior margin, giving the back a netted appearance. Top of the head and nape black, with a yellow spot on the rostral scale on each side just before the eyes. Head small, the occipital plates large elongate; the nasal plate triangular; one moderate anterior, and two subequal posterior ocular shields; six upper and lower labial shields, the fourth under the eyes; eyes small, pupil round. There is an indistinct small yellow spot behind the upper part of the eye; but this may be an accidental variety, as the spots on the two sides are not equally defined.

Inhabits Western Australia.

This species resembles Calamaria diadema, which is also found in Western Australia, but it is larger, and the head is larger in comparison with the body, and in this species it is the base of scales, while in the later it is the outer margin, that is dark.

78. Elaps lewisii, Gray.

Olive green, submetallic; edge of the scales blackish; upper lip, chin, and ventral plates greenish-white; head moderate, elongate, depressed; head shields normal; hinder frontal and front of superciliary shield expanded on the sides, and bent down on the cheeks. Nostrils in the suture between the two small nasal plates. Loreal plates small oblong; one small front and two smaller posterior oculars. Temples shielded; labial plates moderate; chin shields two pair; middle of the throat shielded, sides scaly. Eyes large, pupil rounded; body elongate, sub-cylindrical, moderately thick, covered with cross bands of elongated narrow scales. The vertebral series broad, six-sided, long; of the nape, small, like those on the sides; of the tail, broader and more uniform; ventral plates distinctly keeled and erect on the sides. Tail elongate, tapering, with two rows of shields, keeled on the sides.

80. Hydrus.

Captain G. Grey informs me that these snakes coil themselves upon the shore, living on the seaweed, and that they lay their eggs on the shore. They are often found asleep upon the sea, when they are easily caught, as they cannot sink without first throwing themselves on the back, probably to empty their large vesicular lungs.

83. Platemys macquaria.

This species was originally indicated by Cuvier, from a single specimen brought from the Macquarie River by Messieurs Lesson and Garnot. It has been doubted if it really is an inhabitant of that country, and might not have been imported from South America, whence all the other species of the genus come, and sold to the French collectors for a native species.

84. Hydraspis australis, t. 6.

Body ovate, back dark olive, rather convex, rounded on the middle of the sides, with a narrow reflexed edge, shelving behind with a broad expanded margin; vertebral shields broad, six-sided, last subtriangular; beneath rather convex, yellow, shelving on the sides; the second marginal plate with an angular lobe produced into the suture between the vertebral and first costal plates; claws sharp, black; skin of head and limbs smooth.

Inhabits Western Australia ?

The back covered with conferva.

85. Chelodina longicollis.

Mr. Gould brought two large specimens of this species, which are much more ovate and convex than Dr. Shaw's specimens. They are 7 inches long by 6 wide. It may be a particular variety, or they may become more ovate as they increase in size, The sternal shields (in specimens preserved in brine) are pale yellow, with black edges.

86. Chelodina oblonga, t. 7.

Shell oblong, rather contracted in front, with a broad impression on the middle of the back; back olive brown, with irregular anastomosing lines on the shields; beneath reddish-yellow. The marginal plates longer than broad, the second larger than the first and third; and rather angularly produced in the middle of the inner edge, opposite the suture between the first dorsal and first costal plate; the sternum high, flat, strongly and sharply keeled on the sides.

Inhabits Western Australia.

This species is at once known from Chelodina longicollis by the form of its high, flat sternum, which is strongly keeled on the sides, and by this part being of a uniform reddish colour, without any dark margin to the plates; the hinder part of the sternum is only slightly concavely truncated, and not deeply notched.

It is also known from that old well-known species by its oblong depressed form, and by the form of the marginal plates, and especially from the second and eleventh marginal plates on each side being placed more forwards, so that the centre of their inner edge is opposite the suture of the first and last costal plates with the dorsal ones; instead of their front margin, as is the case with all the specimens of Chelodina longicollis I have seen.

This species grows to a large size. Mr. Gould brought a specimen which he gave to Mr. Bell, which is 11 inches long, and the neck is nearly equally long, very thick, and studded with large warts; the head is broad and depressed, covered with a thin skin, like a Trionyx, and marked with small thin scales.

92. Cystignathus dorsalis.

The palatine teeth in a single large straight line, just behind the inner nostrils; tongue large, slightly nicked behind, the tympanum nearly hid under the skin; gray-brown (in spirits) marbled with dark irregular spots, with a white streak down the middle of the forehead and front of the back; sides pure white, spotted and marbled with black; beneath white; toes elongate, slender, tapering; back part of thighs brown, white speckled.

Inhabits Western Australia. Mr. Gould.

This species is very distinct from C. peronii and C. georgianus, the two Australian species described by Messieurs Dumeril and Bibron. It agrees with the former in the disposition of the palatine teeth.

HELIOPORUS, Gray.

Head short, swollen; eyes large, convex; palatine teeth in a straight interrupted ridge between the two internal nostrils; teeth very small; body swollen; skin of the back minutely granular, of the belly smooth; legs rather short; toes 4.5, short, warty beneath, quite free; the hind wrist with a large, oblong, compressed, internal tubercle; the base of the inner finger with a conical wart, ending in a small acute bony process; tongue large, entire behind.

This genus has many of the characters of Cystignathus, but differs from it in being warty and swollen, and in having short toes like a toad.

94. Helioporus albo punctatus, t. 1 f. 2.

Lead-coloured (in spirits) with white spots; beneath dirty white, with some small white warts at the angle of the mouth; legs smooth.

Inhabits Western Australia.

103. Hyla Adelaidensis, Gray, t. 8 f. 2.

Slender; fore-toes quite free, hinder toes webbed to the last joint; (in spirits) gray-blue, with a series of small oblong tubercles; the sides purple-brown with a white streak from the underside of the eyes to the shoulders; sides of the belly and region of the vent purplish, with small white spots; the hinder side of the thighs purple-brown, with three large oblong white spots; belly and under side of thighs granular; chin white, brownish dotted; palatine teeth in two roundish groups between the internal nostrils.

Inhabits Western Australia.

104. Hyla binoculata, Gray, t. 8, f. 1.

Slender; fore-toes quite free; hinder toes webbed to the last joint. Grayish white (in spirits) with a series of very small, indistinct, oblong tubercles, with a dark streak from the nostrils to the shoulder, enclosing the eyes, and a white streak below it from the underside of the eye; sides purplish, with small white spots; back of the thighs purple, with two yellow spots; belly and underside of thighs whitish, granular.

Var. 1. Back of thighs with one or two additional yellow spots.

Var. 2. Back bluish gray; back of the thighs with six or seven small subequal yellow spots.

Inhabits Western Australia.

UPEROLEIA, Gray.

Head large; palate quite toothless; upper jaw with small close teeth; tympanum hid under the skin; toes of the fore and hind feet elongate, slender, quite free; ankle with a roundish external and a small conical inner tubercle; tongue small, oblong, roundish, and entire behind.

This genus is most nearly allied to Leiuperus of Messieurs Dumeril and Bibron, with which it agrees in having no teeth on the palate, but it differs from it in the tympanum being quite hid.

The internal nostrils are some distance in front of the cross-ridge on which the palatine teeth are generally placed.

105. Uperoleia marmorata.

Black and green marbled, leaving a triangular greenish spot on the forehead, beneath lead colour.

Inhabits Western Australia.

Dr. Tschudi has formed a genus under the name of Crinia, which appears by his characters to be nearly related to the above; but Messieurs Dumeril and Bibron (Erp. Gen. 8 416) observe that the specimens he described have two very small groups of teeth on the vomer.