This fight is not yet ended, the long battle is not lost. Had Ireland from the first stood aloof, had she been drawn at the war's opening into the temper which she displayed in its closing stages, then indeed we might despair of any hopeful issue, any genuine peace between these two neighbouring islands, and, what matters infinitely more, between the strong yet divergent strains that make up Ireland itself.

But as the mists of passion clear and deeds rather than words come into sharp light, it will be seen and realized that for a thousand Irishmen who risked their lives to defeat Redmond's effort there were fifty thousand who at his summons took on themselves far greater hardships and faced dangers far more terrible. By them we take our stand—we who followed Redmond, who believed and still believe in his wisdom. We wish no word of his last years unspoken, no act undone by that great and generous-hearted Irishman in the supreme period of his life. In his defeat and ours, we accept no defeat; we shall endeavour to keep our will set, as his was, for a final triumph which can mean humiliation for no Irish heart. Tangled as are the threads of all his policy, he leaves the task far nearer to accomplishment than he found it; and if in the end freedom and prosperity come to a united Ireland, they will be found to proceed—however deeply overlaid by years and by events may be the chain of causation—from the action which John Redmond took in August 1914, and upon which his brother, with a legion like him, set the seal of his blood.

To have served long and faithfully without reward—to have given all of life to one high purpose—to have faced a great crisis greatly—these are claims enough for Redmond that the allegiance of his comrades and followers may be justified when it is judged. The grave has closed over him, and the rest is for us to do, that a coping-stone may be set on his life's labours, and that reparation final and conclusive, for what he suffered undeservedly, may yet be offered to the dead.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 10: When ultimately we did meet, these were the elements which assembled.]

[Footnote 11: His notes here are only references to quotations. I supplement on this page by my own notes.—S.G.]

[Footnote 12: He was knighted for his work in connection with the war.]

[Footnote 13: These are my notes, jotted as he spoke.—S.G.]

[Footnote 14: Subject to the publication of a Report signed by Bishop O'Donnell, and these in agreement with him reaffirmed their view.]

[Footnote 15: The following, though unavoidably absent at the critical moment, joined with us: M.K. Barry, Cork County Council; J. Butler, Kilkenny County Council; Patrick Dempsey, Belfast; M. Governey, Carlow Urban Council; M.J. Minch, Kildare County Council.]



INDEX

Agar-Robartes, Mr., 68-69 Ancient Order of Hibernians, 259 Army— Irish Brigades raised for the War— Sixteenth Division, staffing of, 174, 187-188; development of opinions in, 188; 10th Division made up from, 194-195; proceeds to France, 200-201; in action, 230, 241; Messines, 264-265; Ypres, 306 Tenth Division, 195 Tyneside Battalions, 190 Ulster Division, 201; on the Somme, 240; Messines, 264-265; Ypres, 306 Irish Nationalist attitude to, 140-141 Irish recruiting— Redmond's efforts, 154-155, 158, 176-179, 185, 191-192, 199, 202, 207, 211; efforts handicapped by Government, 163, 175-6, 177, 190-191, 206; letter to Birrell, 160; Sinn Fein propaganda against, 219 Irish Regulars' achievements, 150; in Gallipoli, 195 ff. Ulster sympathies of, 83, 99, 104 ff.; the Curragh incident, 105-109 Ashe, Thomas, 300-2 Asquith, H.H., struggle of, with House of Lords, 43-46, 50; on indivisibility of Ireland, 69, 72; Ladybank speech, (Oct., 1913), 85 War Minister, 109 response to Redmond's National Defence offer, 138, 143 on Ulster preparations for resisting Home Rule, 148 fails Redmond, 153, 167 recruiting speech in Dublin, 155-157 the Coalition, 192 Redmond's letter to, against conscription, 208-209 the Rebellion, 226 reports on his visit to Ireland, 232 breaks faith with Redmond, 239-240 displaced, 244 estimate of, 87, 93 mentioned, 30, 34, 41, 73, 138, 139 Aughavanagh, 37-39, 267

Balfour, A.J., 55-56 Balfour, G., 23 Barrie, Mr., 271, 304, 308, 321 Beatty, Admiral, 158 Bernard, Dr., Abp. of Dublin, 272, 310, 318 three points of, 291 ff. Biggar, Joseph, 6 Birrell, A., Redmond's letter to, on the Volunteers, 160 on Kitchener's attitude to Irish National Volunteers, 162 Appreciation of Redmond quoted, 162, 184 the Rebellion, 219-220 mentioned, 31, 69, 139, 198 Blake, E., 24 Brade, Sir R., 203 Budget of 1909-10, 42, 47 Butler, Sir W., 5 Butt, Isaac, 6

Campbell, Sir James, 219 Campbell-Bannerman, Sir H., 34, 337 Carson, Sir E., the Covenant demonstrations, 72; moves exclusion of Ulster, 75; on Ulster and the Army, 105; on possibility of persuading Ulster, 114; the Speaker's Conference, 121; attitude to Home Rule enactment, 148-149; joins the Coalition, 192-193; interpretation of exclusion proposals, 234; refuses joint platform at Newry, 200; kills Volunteer Bill, 208; on conscription for Ireland, 210, 211; final victory against Redmond, 240; temperamental attitude to Home Rule, 96-97; quoted, 67, 71, 80-81, 83, 100; appeal on Ulster's claim, 97-98; mentioned, 89, 229, 260, 263 Casement, Sir Roger, 116, 221, 223; quoted, 115, 118 Castletown, Lord, 24 Cecil, Lord Hugh, 50 Cecil, Lord Robert, 115 Chamberlain, Austen, 102 Churchill, Winston, Belfast speech of (1912), 62, 67; devolution proposal, 71; Bradford speech (1914), 103-104; the Larne gun-running, 113; mentioned, 77, 84 Citizen Army, the, 180, 183; the Rebellion, 218 Clark, Sir George, 271-272 Clarke, ——, execution of, 224 Clancy, J.J., 269, 318, 332 Coalition formed, 192-193 Coercion, 8-9, 16, 82 Colthurst, Capt., 228, 231 Commons, House of, Parnell's obstruction in, 6 ff.; payment of members, 52; scene after passing Home Rule Bill, 152; disgust of, at Redmond's defeat, 240; Redmond's estimate of, 12; his familiarity with, 111 Congested Districts Board, 28 Connolly, James, 183; the Rebellion, 218, 224 Conscription, Redmond's opposition to, 208 ff., 242, 247-248; application of, to Ireland, 334 Convention, see Irish Convention Craig, Capt., 51, 70, 105; quoted, 95 Crooks, Will, 152 Crozier, Dr., Abp. of Armagh, 198, 272, 279, 300, 302, 310, 330 Curragh incident, 105-109 Curzon, Col., 187

Dalton, Miss (Mrs. John Redmond), 14, 20 Davitt, Michael, 8, 19 Davitt (young), 116 de Robeck, Admiral, despatch of, 195-196 de Valera, E., 268, 269 Desart, Lord, 273, 318 Devlin, J., in Redmond's "inner cabinet," 25, 36; his supporters' disappointment on compromise, 109; recruiting successes of, 177, 179; indispensable in Ireland, 183; carries Belfast Convention for exclusion proposals, 235; on the Irish Convention, 269, 304, 310, 322; estimate of, 21; Redmond's estimate of, 235; mentioned, 48, 84, 155, 263 Devolution, 28, 71 Dillon, John, relations with Redmond, 25, 36; on coercion, 82; an Irish Volunteer movement, 115; speech on suppression of the Rebellion, 231; declines to serve on the Irish Convention, 269; mentioned, 16, 100, 109, 121, 129, 155 Doran, Capt., 274-275 Doyle, Sir A. Conan, cited, 131-132 Dublin strike (1913), 90, 273 Duke, Sir. H.E., 240, 275 Dunraven, Lord, 27, 28, 77; on the Convention, 273, 282, 317-318, 330

Ewart, Sir S., 108

Field, William, 24 Financial Relations Commission, 24, 75 Fingall, Lord, 174 Forster, W.E., 79 Franchise Bill (1917), 302, 304-305, 311 French, Sir John, 107, 108 Friend, General, 198

Gallipoli, Irish troops in, 195 ff. General Elections— 1906, 43 1910 (Jan.), 43-44 1910 (Dec.), 49 1918, 231 George V, King, 121 George, D. Lloyd, non-Irish preoccupations of, 41-42; Conciliation mission after the Rebellion, 232; agreement with the Irish, 234; agreement thrown over, 239; Redmond's hopes from, as Premier, 244-245; on Irish distrust, 246; supports the "two nations" theory, 255; the Convention, 260; letter to Plunkett, 324; conference with Convention representatives, 325; proposals to the Convention, 326 ff.; quoted on Ulster, 73 Gladstone, W.E., 11, 17, 42, 130, 317; breach with Parnell, 18-19; retirement, 23 Gladstone, W.G.C., 66 Gough, Gen., quoted, 105 ff. Government, delays of, 185, 236-237, 244, 247; general attitude to Redmond, see under Redmond Granard, Lord, 273, 282 Grey, Earl, 78 Grey, Lord (Sir Edward), Ulster proposals of, 85, 86; speech on outbreak of War, 128-130; quoted, 66; mentioned, 30, 108

Harbison, Mr., 270 Harty, Abp. of Cashel, 270 Hayden, Mr., 38, 130-131 Hazleton, Mr., 14 Healy, T.M., returned for Wexford, 7-8; attacks on Redmond and Nationalist Party, 34, 273; opposition to county option, 100, 111-112; declines to serve on Convention, 269; quoted, 256; mentioned, 15, 16, 47, 49 Hickie, Maj.-Gen, W.B., 201, 265 Hulk, Maj.-Gen., 268 Hobson, Bulmer, quoted, 115,159 Home Rule Bill (1912), demonstrations for and against, 62; National Convention, 65, 66; Ulster's attitude, 65, 67 ff.; exclusion proposals, 68, 78, 84, 99; devolution proposals, 71; Unionist converts, 73; in Committee, 68, 74; financial arrangements under, 74-75; Report stage, 75; Third Reading, 77; in the Lords, 77 ff.; third Introduction (1914), 99; inadequate private discussion of, by Irish Party, 100-101; the Amending Bill, 121, 126; the Speaker's Conference, 121 ff.; amending Bill postponed, 126; operation of, to be deferred, 148-149; Royal assent, 151; Asquith's move towards securing immediate operation of, after the Rebellion, 232; O'Connor's demand for, 249 Hopwood, Sir Francis, 275

Industrial depression in Ireland under the War, 184 Irish at the Front, The, quoted, 201 Irish Brigades, see under Army Irish Convention— Committee of Nine, 304, 307, 310 Financial considerations, 285, 286, 293-295, 307, 309; Lord Midleton's proposals, 312-323; Lloyd George's proposals, 326-332 First meeting of, 271 Fraternization between representatives, 286-287 Grand Committee of Twenty, 301, 303, 307, 311 Inception of, 258, 260 Intermediate Authority proposal, 285-286 Land Purchase Sub-Committee, 304, 317 Personnel of, 271 ff. Preliminaries, 269 Procedure adopted, 280 Reports presented by, 330 Sinn Fein attitude to, 263-264, 267-268 Spirit of, 279-280 Ulster representatives, attitude of, 321; attitude to Redmond, 323; Report presented by, 330 Irish Council Bill (1907), 31 ff., 78 Irish Independent, 273, 330 Irish Party, discipline of, 12-13; personnel of, 59; Redmond's relations with, 59-61 Irish relations with England most cordial (1916), 213 Irish suspicion, 189-90 Irish Volunteers, Redmond's policy repudiated by, 155-156; collisions with National Volunteers, 180; Rebellion of 1916, 218 ff. (See also National Volunteers)

Jameson, Andrew, 271, 298 Judge, M.J., cited, 132

Kavanagh, W.M., 274, 318 Kelley, Dr., Bp. of Ross, 270, 293, 310, 323 Kenny, Dr., 38 Ker, S.P., quoted, 202 Kettle, Prof., T.M., 14, 93; recruiting work of, 186; killed in action, 241; estimate of, 185 Kitchener, Earl, attitude of, to Irish Volunteers, 138-140, 153, 160, 162, 175, 181; Redmond's interview with, on recruiting, 198-199, 205; letter on Irish recruiting, 199; estimate of, 138 Knight, Mr., 294-295

Labour Party, 44, 87, 108 Land Act (1909), 41 Land League, 8 Land Purchase, 17, 27-28 Lang, Dr., Abp. of York, on Ulster, 78-80 Lansdowne, Marquis of, 29, 236, 238 Larkin, James, 90, 183, 273 Larne Gun-running, 112-114 Law, A. Bonar, speeches of, on Ulster, 65, 70; Ulster policy, 77, 83, 87, 99, 163; protest against enactment of Home Rule, 149; quoted on Major Willie Redmond, 245; estimate of, 56; mentioned, 132, 178 Liberal Party, 13, 29 Lincolnshire, Marquis of, Volunteer Bill of, 205, 208 Liquor trade in Ireland, 42 Local Government Act (1897), 24 Long, W., quoted, 216 Longford Election, 257, 259 Lonsdale, Sir John, 263 Lords, House of, Veto controversy, 42 ff., 50, 52, 57; Conference, 48 Loreburn, Lord, 84 Lynch, Arthur, 129 Lysaght, Edward, 273, 282, 296, 301-302

McCarthy, Justin, 13; quoted, 26 McCullagh, Sir C., 284 MacDermott, Dr., 272 MacDonagh, 201; the Rebellion, 218, 224 MacDonnell, Sir Anthony, devolution scheme of, 28-29; supports Home Rule Bill, 78; in the Convention, 273, 282, 310, 317 McDowell, Sir Alexander, 272, 303-304, 307-308 MacNeill, Prof., promotes Nationalist arming, 93; volunteer following of, 180; the Rebellion, 219; cited, 164, 180-181; mentioned, 64, 116 MacRory, Dr., Bp. of Down and Connor, 270 MacSweeney, Capt., 153 Mahaffy, Dr., Provost of Trinity, 272, 330 Maxwell, Sir John, 225-226 Meath, Lord, 158, 169 Midleton, Lord, 271, 273, 285, 296, 304, 308; Customs proposals, 310 ff. Mooney, J.J., 21, 38 Moore, Lt.-Col. M., 159-160, 203 Murphy, W.M., 273, 282, 295, 304, 315, 317

Nathan, Sir M., 220 National Volunteers, establishment of, 91-92, 94-95, 99; Redmond's adhesion to, 114; formidable character of, 114-115; committee difficulties, 117 ff.; Bachelor's Walk affair, 123-125; Redmond's offer of, for National Defence, 134 ff., 203 ff.; general response, 136-138; demand for recognition, 153, 159-161, 202-203; refused, 153, 162, 167, 181, 203, 207-208, 222; secession of Irish Volunteers from, 155; Asquith's pledge regarding, 157; Review of, in Phoenix Park, 204; Bulmer Hobson's History of, quoted, 115, 159 O'Brien, Patrick, 38, 267 O'Brien, William, attacks by, on Redmond and National Party, 34; opposition to Budget (1909), 42, 47; to Home Rule Bill (1912), 74; to county option, 100, 111-112; to the Convention, 263; declines to serve, 269 O'Cathasaigh, Mr., cited, 91 O'Connor, "Long John," 38 O'Connor, T.P., Canadian tour 1910, 48; recruiting successes of, 190; motion for immediate Horns Rule, 249; cited, 203; mentioned, 25, 100, 130-131 O'Donnell, Dr., Bp. of Raphoe, 270, 284, 294, 303, 304, 308, 310, 312, 330; speech on Papal Decrees, 299-300 Oranmore, Lord, 313, 319

Paget, Gen. Sir Arthur, 105ff. Parliament, see Commons and Lords Parnell, C.S., 6-13, 17-19, 92; property of, 7, 37; power of, 58; anecdote of Willie Redmond and House of Commons, 249 Parnellites, 19-21, 23-25; fusion of, with anti-Parnellites, 25 Parsons, Lt.-Gen. Sir L., 170ff., 200-201, 204-205 Pearse, Patrick, speech of, in Dublin, 63-64; Limerick speech, quoted, 94; secedes from National Volunteers, 118; the Rebellion, 218, 222-223; execution, 224 Phoenix Park murders, 14 Pigott, 18 Pirrie, Lord, 293 Plunket, Count, 248 Plunkett, Lord (Sir Horace), Conference scheme of (1895), 23; the Convention, 274, 302, 309; as Chairman, 279; Lloyd George's letter to, 324 Poe, Col. Sir Hutcheson, 145 Pollock, Mr., 272, 299, 308 Primate, the, see Crozier Primrose, Neil, 68-69 Primrose Committee, 270, 293-294 Protestant Ascendency, 86, 96, 101

Raymond Le Gros, 2-3 Rebellion, Redmond's attitude to, 3 Rebellion of 1916, 218-219, 221, 227; denounced by Redmond, 223-224; suppression of, 224-229; Government's fomentation of disaffection, 227-229; comparison with South African Rebellion (1914), 225 Recruiting, see under Army Redmond, John Edward, 4 Redmond, John— Ancestry and family of, 2-4 Career— education, 5; clerkship in the House, 6; returned for New Ross, 8; Parliamentary debut, 9-11; Australian and American mission, 14; marriage, 14; second American mission, 17; imprisoned (1888), 17; chosen leader of Parnellites, 19; returned for Waterford, 19; attitude to Roman Catholic Church, 20: widowed, 20; second marriage, 21-22; work with Plunkett, 23-24; on Commission on Financial Relations, 24; Chairman of United Irish Party, 25, 58; his inner cabinet, 25, 58, 100; attitude to Irish Council Bill, 31-33; campaign for Home Rule (1907), 34-35; House of Lords controversy, 45-46, 57; "Dollar Dictator," 48; the Nottingham Meeting (1912), 73; Home Rule campaign (1912) following Carson, 84; on proposed exclusion of Ulster, 85-86; attitude to National Volunteers, 92; speeches on the Ulster position, 98, 99, 102, 109-111; the Ulster gun-running, 114; relations with National Volunteers thereafter, 114 ff.; the Speaker's Conference, 121-122; speech on outbreak of War, 132 ff.; offers the Volunteers for national defence, 134ff; Recruiting manifesto, 151; refuses office in Coalition Government, 192; interview with Kitchener on recruiting, 198, 205; Conference at Viceregal Lodge, 198-199; visits Irish troops at the Front, 201-202; opposes Conscription for Ireland, 208 ff. letter to Asquith, 208 Rebellion of 1916, 219 ff. Government breach of faith, 238-240; moves vote of censure, 243; criticizes Lloyd George, 245; renewed opposition to conscription, 248; the Smuts dinner, 257; the Convention, 258, 261-263; death of his brother, 256; death of Pat O'Brien, 267; in the Convention, 278-279; relations with Nationalist representatives, 283-284; speech in Belfast, 289 ff.; at Westminster, 304; speech on vote of thanks to the Forces, 305-306; Meetings of Committee of Nine, 307 ff.; ill-health, 257, 282, 312, 322; attitude to Lord Midleton's proposals, 316, 318-321; tables motion conditionally accepting, 321; withdraws owing to Nationalist opposition, 322-323; illness, 325; operation, 328; death, 329 Characteristics— Ambition, lack of, 40, 336 Caution, 282 Courtesy, 26, 35 Eloquence, 41, 88 Lucidity, 41, 53, 59 Moderation, 3, 11 Modesty, 36, 336 Optimism, 74 Peaceable temperament and tolerance, 21, 25, 26, 35, 88 Rest, love of, 38 Reticence, 37 Romantic strain, 37 Self-abnegation, 278, 280 Sensitiveness, 243, 282 Tact, 88 Trustworthiness, 194 Comparison of, with Campbell-Bannerman, 337; with Parnell, 338; position compared, with that of Botha, 158, 172, 184, 212, 224 Estimate of, 335; Birrell's estimate, 194; Healy's tribute, 256; estimate as leader, 59-61, 283, 310, 338; estimate of his work, 338-341 Government slighting of, and disregard of his advice, 153, 163, 167, 175-176, 190-191, 220, 226, 229, 238-239; instances of bad faith, 153, 239-240, 246; recruiting efforts handicapped, 163, 175-176, 177, 190-191, 206 House of Commons life of, 111 Imperialism of, 15 Irishmen, attitude towards, 27, 63 Military sympathies of, 107-108 Oratorical style of, 5 Recruiting efforts of, see under Army Status of, in Ireland, 171-172 Social isolation of, 13 Stephens' attack on, 276-277 War policy of, 132, 216 Redmond, Major "Willie," Australian mission and marriage, 14; imprisoned (1888), 17; returned for East Clare, 20; War service, 182-3, 185, 213-214, 230; position in his regiment, 188-189; speeches in the House quoted, 215-216, 245; advises resignation of Parliamentary party, 259; last speech in the House, 249-254; killed in action, 51, 265; estimate of, 249; mentioned, 4, 13, 19, 38, 118, 128 Redmond, Major William Archer, 4, 185; on the Somme, 240; wins D.S.O., 306; returned as Nationalist in 1918 election, 231 Redmond, William Archer, 4, 5, 7 Richardson, Gen., 163 Roberts, Lord, 176 Roman Catholic Church, 49, 187 Russell, George ("A.E."), in the Convention, 274, 282, 304, 310, 312

Sclater, Sir Henry, 204-205 Selborne, Lord, 236 Seely, Col., 108-109 Sexton, Th., 16, 24 Shaw, Mr., 6 Sheehy-Skeffington, Mr., 228, 231 Sinn Fein— Convention ignored by, 263-264, 267-268 Demonstration by, at funeral of Thomas Ashe, 300 Electoral successes of, 231, 257, 268, 278 Growth of, from May 1916, 232 Propaganda, suspicion fostered by, 189 Rebellion of 1916, see that heading Smith, F.E., quoted, 95 South African War, 24 Stephens, James, quoted, 276-277

Taylor, Capt., J.S., 27 Tennant, H.J., 198, 206 Thomas, J.H., 108 Times forgeries, 18

Ulster— Administrative autonomy proposal, 85, 86 Arms importation by, 81, 94; Larne gun-running, 112-114 Asquith's moratorium concession to, 149 Belfast Convention (1916), 235 Churchill's speech (1912), 62 Convention, the (1917), representatives at, 271-272, 285; their attitude and procedure, 281, 299 County option proposals, 77, 85, 99 ff.; difficulties of the scheme, 101 Covenant, the, 72; military covenanters, 83 Exclusion proposals, 68, 78, 84, 233-234; embodied in the Bill, 99; time limit discussions, 101-103; Council of 1916 accepts exclusion proposals, 235 Favouritism applied to, 95, 120, 123, 125, 164, 169, 170, 174 Friendly relations with Nationalists, 51 Home Rule, resistance to, 65, 67 ff.; Parliamentary majority for, 77; distribution of Home Rulers, 101 Inseparability of, 69, 76-77, 84 Lloyd George's scheme, 234 Protestant ascendency, 86, 96, 101 Provisional Government formed, 80, 83 Rebellion preparations of, 148 Redmond's efforts to conciliate, 76-77, 109-110, 114 War, attitude on outbreak of, 130 mistrustful of Irish Volunteers, 142 United Irish League, 58, 259, 261 University Act (1908), 41

Vatican Decrees, 49

Wallace, Col., 299 Walsh, Abp., 257 War— Outbreak, 126 ff. Redmond's policy regarding, 132, 216; Nationalist criticism of, 276-277 (see also Army, recruiting) Ulster's attitude, 130, 142 Ward, Col. John, 108 Waterford, 19 Wexford, 3 What the Irish Regiments have done quoted, 202 White, Capt., J.R., 90-91 Whitley, H.T., 320 Wicklow surroundings, 37-39 Wimborne, Lord, 198, 199, 205 Windle, Sir B., 282, 330 Wyndham, G., 27-29



Shall a man understand, He shall know bitterness because his kind, Being perplexed of mind, Hold issues even that are nothing mated. And he shall give Counsel out of his wisdom that none shall hear And steadfast in vain persuasion must he live, And unabated Shall his temptation be.

JOHN DRINKWATER, in Abraham Lincoln.

THE END