America

BOAS, F. Dissemination of Tales among the Natives of North America, Journal of American Folklore, iv (Boston, 1891); Indianische Sagen von der nordpacifischen Kueste Nord-Amerikas (Berlin, 1895).

DORSEY, G. A. The Dwamish Indian Spirit Boat, Bulletin of Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (1902).

Egypt

MASPERO, G. Les contes populaires de l'Egypte ancienne (Paris, 1882).

WIEDEMANN, A. Altaegyptische Sagen und Maerchen (Leipzig, 1906).

Asia

BENFEY, TH. The Pantschatantra (Leipzig, 1859); Introduction to Bickell's ed. of the Kalilag and Damnag (Leipzig, 1876).

KEITH-FALCONER, F. G. N. Eng. tr. of Wright's ed. of the Late Syriac Kalilah and Dimnah (Cambridge, England, 1885).

CROOKE, W. Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India, Westminster (London, 1896).

THURSTON, EDGAR. Omens and Superstitions of Southern India (London, 1912).

The Jesup North Pacific Expedition (New York and Leiden, 1900- ).

BOGORAS, W. The Folklore of North-Eastern Asia as compared with that of North-Western America, American Anthropologist (Washington, 1902).

COSQUIN, E. Origine et propagation des contes populaires europeens (in his Contes populaires de la Lorraine) (Paris, 1886); Le lait de la mere et le coffre flottant (reprint from Revue de questions historiques) (Paris, 1908); Le prologue-cadre des Mille et Une Nuits, les legendes perses et le livre d'Esther (Paris, 1909).

Africa

THEAL, G. M. Kaffir Folklore (London [1872]).

BLEEK, W. H. I. Specimens of Bushman Folklore (Eng. tr., London, 1911).

RIVERS, W. H. H. The Todas, Index, s.vv. Folklore, Mythology (London and New York, 1906).

HOLLIS, A. C. The Masai, Index (Oxford, 1905); The Nandi, Index (Oxford, 1909).

Europe

GRIMM, W. Die deutsche Heldensage (1829; 3d ed., Goettingen, 1889).

WUTTKE, A. Der deutsche Volksaberglaube der Gegenwart (3d ed., Berlin, 1900).

RHYS, J. Celtic Folklore (Oxford, 1901).

CAMPBELL, J. F. Popular Tales of the West Highlands and Heroic Gaelic Ballads (1872; new ed., Edinburgh, 1890-1893).

BRAND, J. Popular Antiquities of Great Britain (new ed., London, 1905).

SEBILLOT, P. Le folklore de France (Paris, 1904-1907).

MAURY, L. F. A. Croyances et legendes du moyen age (new ed., Paris, 1896).

GELDART, E. M. Folklore of Modern Greece (London, 1884).

KRAUSS, F. S. Volksglaube und religioeser Brauch der Suedslaven (Vienna, 1885; Muenster, 1890).

KNOWLSON, T. S. Origin of Popular Superstitions (London, 1910).

WLISLOCKI, H. VON. Volksglaube und religioeser Brauch der Zigeuner (Muenster i. W., 1891); Volksglaube und religioeser Brauch der Magyaren (Muenster i. W., 1893).

ON MYTHOLOGY

General

Articles in Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.) and La Grande Encyclopedie (Paris).

MUeLLER, K. O. Prolegomena zu einer wissenschaftlichen Mythologie (Goettingen, 1825).

MUeLLER, F. Max. Comparative Mythology (1856; in vol. ii of Chips from a German Workshop, London, 1858; New York, 1869).

BREAL, M. Melanges de mythologie et de linguistique (Paris, 1877).

PFLEIDERER, O. Religionsphilosophie auf geschichtlicher Grundlage (3d ed., Berlin, 1896; Eng. tr., London, 1886).

TYLOR, E. B. Early History of Mankind (London, 1878); Primitive Culture (3d. ed., London, 1891).

VIGNIOLI, T. Myth and Science (London, 1882).

LA SAUSSAYE, P. D. CHANTEPIE DE. Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte (1st ed., Freiburg, 1887-1889); Eng. tr. of vol. i (London and New York 1891).

LANG, A. Myth, Ritual and Religion (2d ed., London, 1899); Custom and Myth (London, 1901).

GARDENER, P. Origins of Myth (Oxford, 1896).

TIELE, C. P. De Oorsprong van myth en godsdienst, Theologisch Tijdschrift, iv (Amsterdam and Leiden); Elements of the Science of Religion, Index, s.vv. Mythology, Myths (Edinburgh and London, 1897-1899).

JEVONS, F. B. Introduction to the History of Religion (2d ed., London, 1902).

REVILLE, J. De la complexite des mythes et des legendes, Revue de l'histoire des religions, xiii (Paris).

JASTROW, M. Study of Religion (London and New York, 1901).

SCHULTZ, H. Old Testament Theology, Introduction (Eng. tr. of 4th Germ. ed., Edinburgh, 1892).

Articles "Demons and Spirits," "Earth, Earth-gods" in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics.

Special

TAYLOR, R. New Zealand (London, 1870).

BUeLOW, W. Die samoansche Schoepfungssaga, Internationales Archiv fuer Ethnologie xii (Leiden).

BASTIAN, A. Die samoanische Schoepfungssage (Berlin, 1894).

ALEXANDER, W. D. Brief History of the Hawaiian People (New York, 1892).

TURNER, G. Samoa (London, 1884).

BRINTON, D. G. American Hero-Myths (Philadelphia, 1882); Myths of the New World (New York, 1896).

EHRENREICH, P. Mythen und Legenden der suedamerikanischen Urvoelker (Berlin, 1905).

CASTREN, M. A. Finnische Mythologie (Germ. tr., St. Petersburg, 1853).

COX, G. W. Mythology of Aryan Nations (London, 1887).

MEYER, E. H. Germanische Mythologie (Berlin, 1891).

GRUPPE, O. Griechische Mythologie (Muenchen, 1897-1906).

JASTROW, M. Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (Boston and London, 1898).

MUIR, JOHN. Original Sanskrit Texts (London and Edinburgh, 1858-1870).

HOPKINS, E. W. Religions of India (Boston and London, 1895).

MACDONNEL, A. A. Vedic Mythology (Strassburg, 1897).

FARNELL, L. R. Cults of the Greek States (Oxford, 1896-1909).

GRIMM, J. Deutsche Mythologie (4th ed., Berlin, 1875-1878); Eng. tr., Teutonic Mythology (London, 1888).

LA SAUSSAYE, P. D. CHANTEPIE DE. Religion of the Teutons, Index (Boston and London, 1902).

CAMPBELL, J. F. The Celtic Dragon-Myth (Edinburgh, 1911).

Articles "Celts," "Cuchulainn Cycle," "Feinn Cycle" in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics.

COLLIGNON, M. Manual of Mythology in Relation to Greek Art (translated and enlarged by Jane E. Harrison) (London, 1899).

Article "Female Principle" in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics.

CURTIN, J. Myths of the Modocs (Boston, 1912).

Article "Animal" [on cults of animals, plants, stones, waters] in La Grande Encyclopedie, section iv, "Mythology" (Paris).

THOMAS, N. W. Article "Animals" (in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics); Article "Animal-Worship" (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.).

TYLOR, E. B. Primitive Culture, Index, s.vv. Stock-and Stone-Worship, Mountain, River-Worship (London, 1891).

COOKE, S. A. Article "Tree-Worship" (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.).

American Bureau of Ethnology, 16th Annual Report (Washington).

SMITH, W. R. Religion of the Semites, lecture v (new ed., London, 1894).

ERMAN, A. Handbook of Egyptian Religion, Index (Eng. tr., London, 1907).

STEINDORFF, G. Religion of the Ancient Egyptians (New York and London, 1905).

JASTROW, M., JR. Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, pp. 662 f., 688 f. (Boston, 1898).

GARSTANG, J. Land of the Hittites, Index (London, 1910).

HOPKINS, E. W. Mythological Aspects of Trees and Mountains in the Great Epic, Journal of the American Oriental Society (September, 1910); The Sacred Rivers of India (in Studies presented to C. H. Toy) (New York, 1912).

GUBERNATIS, A. DE. Zoological Mythology (London, 1872); La mythologie des plantes (Paris, 1878-1882).

FERGUSSON, JAMES. Tree- and Serpent-Worship (2d ed., London, 1873).

CROOKE, W. Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India (London, 1896).

HOS AND MCDOUGALL. Relation between Man and Animals in Sarawak, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxxi (London).

ELLIS, A. B. Eẃe, pp. 49 f., 98 (London, 1890).

BOETTICHER, K. Baumkultus der Hellenen und Roemer (Berlin, 1856).

GRUPPE, O. Die griechischen Culte und Mythen (Leipzig, 1887).

OVERBECK, J. Das Cultusobject bei den Griechen in seinen aeltesten Gestaltungen, Berichte der saechsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenchaften, p. 121 ff. (1864).

OHNEFALSCH-RICHTER, M. Kypros, the Bible and Homer (London, 1893).

WELLHAUSEN, J. Reste arabischen Heidentumes, Index (Berlin, 1897).

HUGHES, T. P. Dictionary of Islam, Index, s.v. Kaaba (2d ed., London, 1896).

LA SAUSSAYE, P.D. CHANTEPIE DE. Religion of the Teutons, Index, s.v. Tree-Worship (Boston and London, 1902).

MANNHARDT, W. Baumkultus der Germanen und ihrer Nachbarstaemme (Berlin, 1875).

FRAZER, J. G. Golden Bough, Index, s.v. Tree-Worship (London, 1907); Adonis Attis Osiris, Index, s.vv. Animals, Water, and p. 158 (London, 1907).

Articles "Asherah" and "Pillar" in Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible.

Articles "Asherah" and "Massebah" in Encyclopaedia Biblica.

TRUMBULL, H. C. Threshold Covenant, p. 228 (New York, 1896).

HARTLAND, E. S. Primitive Paternity, Index, s.v. Trees (London, 1910).

PHILPOT, MRS. J. H. The Sacred Tree, or the Tree in Religion and Myth (London, 1897).

WORKS ON PARTICULAR RELIGIONS

Egyptian

PLUTARCH, Isis and Osiris.

RAWLINSON, G. History of Ancient Egypt (London and New York, 1881).

TIELE, C. P. History of the Egyptian Religion (Eng. tr., Boston, 1882).

LE PAGE RENOUF, P. Religion of Ancient Egypt (London, 1884).

BRUGSCH, H. Religion und Mythologie der alten Aegypter (1884).

MEYER, ED. Geschichte des alten Aegyptens (Berlin, 1887).

MASPERO, G. Etudes de mythologie et d'archeologie egyptiennes (Paris, 1893); The Dawn of Civilization (Eng. tr., London, 1896).

MUeLLER, W. MAX. Asien und Europa (Leipzig, 1893); Article "Egypt" (in Encyclopaedia Biblica).

WIEDEMANN, K. A. Religion of the Ancient Egyptians (London, 1897); Egyptian Doctrine of Immortality (London, 1895); Religion of Egypt (in Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible, vol. v) (1904).

PETRIE, W. M. F. Religion and Conscience in Ancient Egypt (London, 1898); Article "Egyptian Religion" (in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

STEINDORFF, G. Religion of the Ancient Egyptians (New York and London, 1905).

ERMAN, A. Aegypten und aegyptisches Leben im Altertum (1887); Eng. tr., Life in Ancient Egypt (London, 1894); Handbook of Egyptian Religion (Eng. tr., London, 1907).

BREASTED, J. H. History of Egypt from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest (New York, 1905); Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt (New York, 1912).

CUMONT, F. The Religion of Egypt (Eng. tr., in The Open Court, Chicago, September, 1910).

REITZENSTEIN, R. Poimandres (Leipzig, 1904).

FOUCART, G. Article "Dualism (Egyptian)" (in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

General Semitic

BAUDISSIN, W. W. Studien zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte (Leipzig, 1876-1878).

HALEVY, J. Melanges de critique et d'histoire relatifs aux peuples semitiques (Paris, 1883).

BAETHGEN, FR. Beitraege zur semitichen Religionsgeschichte (Berlin, 1888).

NOeLDEKE, TH. Sketches from Eastern History (Eng. tr., London and Edinburgh, 1892).

MUeLLER, W. MAX. Asien und Europa (Leipzig, 1893).

SMITH, W. R. Religion of the Semites (2d ed., London, 1894); Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (2d ed., London, 1903).

BARTON, G. A. A Sketch of Semitic Origins (New York and London, 1902).

CURTISS, S. I. Primitive Semitic Religion To-day (London, 1902).

LAGRANGE, M. J. Etudes sur les religions semitiques (2d ed., Paris, 1905).

Arabian

SALE, G. Preliminary Discourse to Translation of the Koran (1734; new ed., London, 1857) (and in Wherry's Commentary on the Quran, London, 1882).

SPRENGER, A. Das Leben und die Lehre des Mohammeds (Berlin, 1861-1865).

SYED, AHMED. Essays on the Life of Mohammed and Subjects Subsidiary thereto (London, 1870).

AMEER, ALI. Life and Teachings of Mohammed, or the Spirit of Islam (London, 1873); Islam (London, 1897).

TASSY, GARCIN DE. L'Islamisme d'apres le Coran (Paris, 1874).

KREMER, A. VON. Kulturgeschichte des Orients unter den Chalifen (Vienna, 1875-1877).

SMITH, R. B. Mohammed and Mohammedanism (New York, 1875).

GOLDZIHER, I. Muhammedanische Studien (Halle, 1889-1890).

MUIR, SIR WILLIAM. Mahomet and Islam (London, Religious Tract Society; New York, ca. 1894).

CASTRIES, LE COMTE HENRY DE. L'Islam (Paris, 1896).

WELLHAUSEN, J. Reste arabischen Heidentumes (Berlin, 1897).

SMITH, H. P. The Bible and Islam (New York, 1897).

KLEIN, F. A. The Religion of Islam (London, 1906).

LEONARD, A. G. Islam, her Moral and Spiritual Value (London, 1909).

MACDONALD, D. B. Religious Attitude and Life in Islam (Chicago, 1909); Aspects of Islam (New York, 1911).

MARGOLIOUTH, D. S. Article "Mahomet" (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.).

THATCHER, G. W. Article "Mahommedan Religion," ibid.

NOeLDEKE, TH. Article "Arabs (Ancient)" in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics.

REES, J. D. The Muhammadans (in Epochs of Indian History) (London and New York, 1894).

LANE, E. W. Notes to his Thousand and One Nights (ed E. S. Poole, London, 1883).

HARTMANN, M. Article "Islam in China" (announced to appear in Encyclopaedia of Islam).

MEYER, EDOUARD. Der Ursprung des Islams und die ersten Offenbarungen Mohammeds (excursus in his Ursprung und Geschichte der Mormonen, p. 62 ff.) (Halle a. S., 1912).

TOY, C. H. Mohammed and the Islam of the Koran, Harvard Theological Review (Cambridge, Mass., 1912).

GARNETT, LUCY M. J. Mysticism and Magic in Turkey (London, 1912).

Babylonian-Assyrian

JENSEN, P. Die Kosmologie der Babylonier (Strassburg, 1890).

TIELE, C. P. Babylonisch-assyrische Geschichte (Gotha, 1886); Die Religion in Babylonien und Assyrien (in his Geschichte der Religion im Alterthum) (new ed., Gotha, 1896-1903).

JEREMIAS, FRIEDR. Die Babylonier und Assyrier (in Saussaye's Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte) (2d ed., Freiburg, 1897).

KING, L. W. Babylonian Religion and Mythology (London, 1899).

JEREMIAS, ALFRED. Die babylonisch-assyrischen Vorstellungen vom Leben nach dem Tode (Leipzig, 1897); Das Alte Testament im Lichte des alten Orients (2d ed., Leipzig, 1906; Eng. tr., London and New York, 1911).

JASTROW, M., JR. Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (Boston, 1898; Germ. ed., Giessen, 1904- ); Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (in Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible, vol. v) (Edinburgh and New York, 1904); Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in Babylonia and Assyria (New York and London, 1911).

HARPER, R. F. Assyrian and Babylonian Literature (New York, 1901).

DELITZSCH, FRIEDR. Babel und Bibel (Leipzig, 1902; and Stuttgart, 1903; new ed., Stuttgart, 1905); Eng. tr., ed. C. H. W. Johns (London, 1903); Eng. tr. by McCormack and Carruth [with German criticisms and the author's replies] (Chicago, 1903).

ROGERS, R. W. Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, especially in its Relations to Israel (New York, 1908).

DHORME, P. La religion assyro-babylonienne (Paris, 1910).

ZIMMERN, H. Article "Babylonians and Assyrians" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

LANGDON, S. H. Sumerian and Babylonian Psalms (New York and Paris, 1909); Babylonian Eschatology (in Essays offered to C. A. Briggs, New York, 1911).

TOY, C. H. Panbabylonianism, Harvard Theological Review (Cambridge, Mass., 1910).

Articles on Marduk, Nebo, Oannes, etc., in Roscher's Lexikon.

Mandean

NOeLDEKE, TH. Mandaeische Grammatik, Einleitung (Halle, 1875).

BRANDT, A. J. H. W. Die mandaeische Religion (Leipzig, 1889).

KESSLER, K. Article "Mandaeer" (in Herzog-Hauck's Real-Encyklopaedie).

GOTTHEIL, R. J. H. Article "Mandaeans" (in Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia).

Yesidi

IBN HALLIKAN. Wafayat al-Ayan (Biographical Dictionary) (ed. F. Wuestenfeld, Goettingen, 1835-1840); Eng. tr. by MacGuckin de Slane (Paris and London, 1842-1871).

LAYARD, SIR A. H. Nineveh and its Remains (2d ed., London, 1849; new ed., New York, 1853); Discoveries among the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon (London, 1853).

BADGER, G. P. Nestorians and their Rituals (London, 1852).

SIOUFFI, N. In Journal asiatique (Paris, 1882 and 1885).

MENANT, J. Les Yezidiz, Annales du Musee Guimet (Paris, 1892).

PARRY, O. H. Six Months in a Syrian Monastery (London, 1895).

HUART, CLEMENT. History of Arabic Literature, p. 272 f. (London and New York, 1903).

JACKSON, A. V. W. In Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. xxv, p. 178 ff. (1904); Sketch in his Persia, Past and Present (New York, 1906).

Article "Yesidis" in New International Encyclopaedia (New York, 1905).

LIDZBARSKI, M. In Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenlaendischen Gesellschaft, vol. li (Leipzig).

JOSEPH, ISYA. Yezidi Texts (reprinted from American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures) (Chicago, 1909).

Hebrew, Edomite, Phoenician, Aramean, etc.

KUENEN, A. Religion of Israel to the Fall of the Jewish State (Leipzig, 1873-1874; Eng. tr., London, 1874); The Prophets and Prophecy in Israel (Eng. tr., London, 1877).

SCHULTZ, H. Old Testament Theology (Eng. tr. of 4th Germ. ed., Edinburgh, 1892).

SCHWALLY, F. Das Leben nach dem Tode nach den Vorstellungen des alten Israel und Judentums (Giessen, 1892).

MONTEFIORE, C. G. Religion of the Ancient Hebrews (London, 1892).

DILLON, E. J. The Sceptics of the Old Testament (London, 1895).

GUNKEL, H. Schoepfung und Chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit (Goettingen, 1895).

MARTI, K. Geschichte der israelitischen Religion (3d ed., Strassburg, 1897); Religion des Alten Testaments (Tuebingen, 1906; Eng. tr., London, 1907).

CHEYNE, T. K. Jewish Religious Life after the Exile (New York and London, 1898).

BUDDE, K. Religion of Israel to the Exile (New York and London, 1899).

SMEND, R. Alttestamentliche Religionsgeschichte (Leipzig, 1899).

KAUTZSCH, E. Religion of Israel (in Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible, vol. v) (Edinburgh and New York, 1904).

KENT, C. F. History of the Hebrew People (New York, 1896-1899).

MANN, NEWTON. The Evolution of a Great Literature (2d ed., Boston, 1906).

ADDIS, W. E. Hebrew Religion to the Establishment of Judaism under Ezra (London and New York, 1906).

WELLHAUSEN, J. Israelitisch-juedische Religion (in Kultur der Gegenwart) (Berlin and Leipzig, 1909).

LOISY, A. La religion d'Israel (2d ed., revised and enlarged, Ceffonds, chez l'auteur, 1908); Eng. tr., The Religion of Israel (London and New York, 190?).

WALLIS, LOUIS. The Sociological Study of the Bible (Chicago, 1912).

MITCHELL, H. G. Ethics of the Old Testament (Chicago, 1912).

BENZIGER, I. Hebraeische Archaeologie (2d ed., Tuebingen, 1907).

NOWACK, W. Lehrbuch der hebraeischen Archaeologie (Leipzig, 1894).

WACE, W. The Apocrypha (Eng. tr., in Speaker's Commentary) (London, 1888).

SCHUeRER, E. Geschichte des juedischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi (3d and 4th edd., Leipzig, 1898-1907); Eng. tr. of 2d. ed., History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ (New York, 1891).

BUeCHLER, A. Die Priester und der Cultus im letzten Jahrzehnt des jerusalemischen Tempels (Vienna, 1895).

BOUSSET, W. Die Religion des Judentums im neutestamentlichen Zeitalter (Berlin, 1903).

RIGGS, J. S. History of the Jewish People during the Maccabean and Roman Periods (New York, 1910).

HOLLMANN, G. The Jewish Religion in the Time of Jesus (Eng. tr., London, 1909).

GRAETZ, H. History of the Jews (Eng. tr., Philadelphia, 1891-1895).

GROSSMAN, L. Judaism and the Science of Religion (New York and London, 1889).

SUFFRIN, A. E. Article "Dualism (Jewish)" (in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

WEBER, F. Juedische Theologie (2d. ed., Leipzig, 1897).

LAZARUS, M. Ethics of Judaism (Eng. tr., Philadelphia, 1900- ).

PHILIPSON, D. The Reform Movement in Judaism (New York and London, 1907).

OESTERLEY, W. O. E., and BOX, G. H. Religion and Worship of the Synagogue (New York, 1907).

BLISS, F. J. The Religions of Modern Syria and Palestine (New York, 1912).

JOSEPH, M. Judaism as Creed and Life (London and New York, 1910).

PHILO OF BYBLOS, Greek tr. of Sanchuniathon (text, Greek and Latin, in K. Mueller's Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum) (Paris, 1848).

CORY, I. P. Ancient Fragments of the Phoenician ... and Other Writers (London, 1876).

GUTSCHMID, A. VON. Kleine Schriften (Leipzig, 1890).

RAWLINSON, G. History of Phoenicia (London, 1889).

PIETSCHMANN, R. Geschichte der Phoenizier (Berlin, 1889).

BAUDISSIN, W. VON. Adonis und Esmun (Berlin, 1911).

MUeLLER, W. MAX. Remarks on the Carthaginian Deity, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. xxxii (December, 1912).

Articles "Edomites" and "Syrians" (announced) in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics.

ALEXANDRE, CHARLES. Oracula Sibyllina (Greek text with Latin tr.) (Paris, 1841, new ed., 1869).

FRIEDLIEB, J. H. Oracula Sibyllina (Greek text with German tr.) (Leipzig, 1852).

RZACH, A. Oracula Sibyllina (critical Greek text) (Vienna, 1891).

TERRY, M. S. The Sibylline Oracles (translated from the Greek) (New York, 1890).

Asia Minor

PSEUDO-LUCIAN. De Syria Dea.

MEYER, EDOUARD. Geschichte des Altertums, vol. i, part ii (2d ed., Stuttgart and Berlin, 1909).

PERROT AND CHIPIEZ. History of Art in Sardinia ... and Asia Minor (Eng. tr., 1890).

MESSERSCHMIDT, L. Corpus Inscriptionum Hettiticarum, Mitteilungen der vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft (Leipzig, 1900); The Ancient Hittites, Smithsonian Institution, Annual Reports (1893, 1894).

RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM. Historical Geography of Asia Minor (in supplementary papers of the Royal Geographical Society, iv) (London, 1890); articles in Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, xv.

WINCKLER, H. In Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft (Berlin, 1907).

HOGARTH, D. G. Article "Hittites" (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.).

GARSTANG, J. Land of the Hittites (London, 1910).

WARD, W. H. The Greek and the Hittite Gods (in Essays presented to C. A. Briggs, New York, 1911); Asianic Influence in Greek Mythology (in Studies presented to C. H. Toy, New York, 1912).

ROSCHER. Lexikon, article "Kybele."

Mithraism

CUMONT FRANZ. Textes et monuments figures relatifs aux mysteres de Mithra (Brussels, 1899); Mysteres de Mithra (2d ed., Paris, 1902; Eng. tr., Chicago, 1903); Astrology and Religion among the Greeks and Romans (New York and London, 1912); article "Mithras" in Roscher's Lexikon.

Indian (Vedic, Brahmanic, Modern)

WARD, W. A. View of the History, Literature and Mythology of the Hindoos (London, 1822).

WILSON, H. H. Sketch of the Religious Sects of the Hindus (in Asiatic Researches, 1828-1832) (republished, London, 1861).

MACPHERSON, S. C. Religious Opinions and Observances of the Khonds, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (London, 1842 and 1852).

BURNOUF, EMILE. Essais sur le Veda (Paris, 1863).

COLEBROOKE, H. T. Essays (new ed., London, 1873).

BERGAIGNE, A. La religion vedique (Paris, 1878-1883).

MUeLLER, F. MAX. Religions of India (London, 1878).

ZIMMER, H. Altindisches Leben (Berlin, 1879).

LEFMANN, S. Geschichte des alten Indiens (Berlin, 1880).

BARTH, A. Religions of India (Eng. tr., London, 1882).

DEUSSEN, P. Das System des Vedanta (Leipzig, 1883); Eng. tr., The system of the Vedanta (Chicago, 1912).

WILKINS, W. J. Modern Hinduism (London, 1887).

LE BON, G. Les civilisations de l'Inde (Paris, 1887).

LANMAN, C. R. Beginnings of Hindu Pantheism (Cambridge, Mass., 1890).

MONIER-WILLIAMS, SIR MONIER. Hinduism (London, 1890); Brahmanism and Hinduism (4th ed., London, 1891); Indian Wisdom (London, 1893).

GARBE, R. Die Samkhya Philosophie (Cambridge, Mass., and Boston, 1895); Beitraege zur indischen Kulturgeschichte (Berlin, 1903); Akbar, Emperor of India, The Monist, (Chicago, April, 1909).

OLDENBERG, H. Religion des Veda (Berlin, 1894).

MACDONELL, A. A. Vedic Mythology (Strassburg, 1897).

HILLEBRANDT, A. Vedische Mythologie (Breslau, 1891-1902).

BLOOMFIELD, M. Religion of the Veda (New York and London, 1908).

HOPKINS, E. W. Religions of India (Boston, 1895); The Great Epic of India (New York, 1901); India Old and New (New York, 1901).

DUBOIS, J. A. Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies (tr. from the author's later French manuscript, by H. K. Beauchamp) (Oxford, 1897).

DUTT, R. C. Civilization of India (London, 1900).

EGGELING, H. J. Article "Hinduism" (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.) (London).

BEVERIDGE, H. Article "Akbar" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics) (Edinburgh and New York).

GRIERSON, G. A. Article "Bhakti-Marga," ibid.

PRIDHAM, C. An Account of Ceylon [the Veddas] (London, 1849).

CROOKS, W. Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern India (London, 1896); article "Bengal" in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics; article "Dravidians (North India)," ibid.

FRAZER, R. W. Article "Dravidians (South India)," ibid.

ROBERTSON, SIR G. SCOTT. The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush (London, 1896).

RIVERS, W. H. H. The Todas (London, 1906).

HODSON, T. C. The Naga Tribes of Manipur (London, 1911).

Buddhism

BURNOUF, EMILE. Introduction a l'histoire du bouddhisme indien (Paris, 1844); Le lotus de la bonne loi (tr. of the Saddharma-Pundarika) (Paris, 1852).

HUC, ABBE. Travels in Tartary, Thibet and China (1844-1846; Eng. tr., Chicago, 1898).

HARDY, R. Spence. Eastern Monachism (London, 1850); Manual of Buddhism in its Modern Development (2d ed., London, 1860).

DAVIDS, T. W. Rhys. Some Points in the History of Indian Buddhism (London, 1881); Buddhism (London, 1882); Buddhist India (London, 1903); Buddhism, its History and Literature (2d ed., New York and London, 1907).

OLDENBERG, H. Buddha, his Life, his Doctrine, his Order (Eng. tr., London, 1882).

KERN, H. The Lotus of the True Law (tr. of the Saddharma-Pundarika), vol. xxi of Sacred Books of the East (Oxford, 1884).

MONIER-WILLIAMS, SIR MONIER. Buddhism (London, 1890).

HARDY, EDMUND. Der Buddhismus (Muenster, 1890).

COPLESTON, R. S. Buddhism Primitive and Present in Magadha and in Ceylon (London, 1892).

BARTH, A. Religions of India (Eng. tr., London, 1882).

HOPKINS, E. W. Religions of India (Boston and London, 1895); India Old and New (New York, 1901).

WARREN, H. C. Buddhism in Translations (Cambridge, Mass., 1896).

DE LA VALLEE, POUSSIN. Buddhisme et religions de l'Inde (Brussels, 1912).

WADDELL, L. A. Buddhism in Tibet, or Lamaism (London, 1895).

GRUeNWEDEL, A. Lamaismus (in Kultur der Gegenwart, Die orientalischen Religionen) (Berlin, 1906).

ROCKHILL, W. W. Life of the Buddha and the Early History of his Order [from Tibetan works] (London, 1907).

BEAL, SAMUEL. Buddhism in China (London, 1884).

DE GROOT, J. J. M. On Mahayana (in his Religion of the Chinese) (New York, 1910).

HACKMANN, H. Der Buddhismus (Halle a. S., 1905-1906); Eng. tr., Buddhism as a Religion (London, 1909).

OLTRAMARE, P. Histoire des idees theosophiques dans l'Inde, Annales du Musee Guimet, v (Paris, 1906).

COWELL, MUeLLER AND TAKAKUSU. Tr. of Buddhist Mahayana sutras (including the Buddha-Karita of Asvaghosha), vol. xlix of Sacred Books of the East (Oxford, 1894).

Articles (announced) on Hinayana and Mahayana in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics.

SUZUKI, T. Eng. tr. of Asvaghosha's Discourse on the Awakening of Faith (Chicago, 1900); Outlines of Mahayana Buddhism (London, 1907).

AUNG, S. Z., AND MRS. RHYS DAVIDS. Compendium of Philosophy (London, 1910).

HAAS, H. Article "Amida Buddha unsere Zuflucht," Religions-Urkunden der Voelker (Leipzig, 1910).

RICHARD, T. The New Testament of Higher Buddhism (Edinburgh, 1910); Eng. tr. of Asvaghosha's Discourse on the Awakening of Faith (Shanghai, 1907).

ANESAKI, M. Article "Docetism (Buddhist)" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

LLOYD, A. The Creed of Half Japan, Sketches of Japanese Buddhism (New York, 1912).

AIKEN, C. F. The Dhamma of Gotama the Buddha and the Gospel of Jesus the Christ (Boston, 1900) (with bibliography).

EDMUNDS, A. J. Buddhist and Christian Gospels (4th ed., Philadelphia, 1908-1909).

Jainism

JACOBI, H. Ǧaina-sutras, vol. xxii of Sacred Books of the East (Oxford, 1884).

HOPKINS, E. W. Religions of India (Boston and London, 1895), and the bibliography there given.

Sikhs

TRUMPP, ERNST. Religion der Sikhs (Leipzig, 1881); The Adi Granth (Eng. tr., London, 1907).

HOPKINS, E. W. Religions of India, pp. 510 ff., 591 (Boston, 1895).

MACAULIFFE, M. A. The Sikh Religion (Oxford, 1909).

BLOOMFIELD, M. The Sikh Religion (in Studies in the History of Religions presented to C. H. Toy) (New York, 1912).

Gypsies

WLISLOCKI, H. VON. Volksglaube und religioeser Brauch der Zigeuner (Muenster, Westphalia, 1891).

BURTON, SIR R. F. The Jew, the Gypsy, and El Islam (Chicago and New York, 1898).

GASTER, MOSES. Article "Gipsies" (with bibliography) (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Article "Gypsies" in New International Encyclopaedia.

Ethnologische Mitteilungen (Berlin, 1892).

Malay Peninsula and Assam

SKEAT, W. W. Malay Magic (London, 1900).

SKEAT, W. W., AND BLAGDEN, C. O. Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula (London, 1906).

HODSON, T. C. Genna amongst the Tribes of Assam, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, (London, 1905).

GAIT, E. A. History of Assam (Calcutta, 1906).

ANDERSON, J. D. Article "Assam" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

Indo-Chinese Peninsula

CABATON, A. Article "Annam" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

Persian

WINDISCHMANN, F. Zoroastrische Studien (Berlin, 1863).

SPIEGEL, FR. Eranische Alterthumskunde (Leipzig, 1871-1878).

HARLEZ, C. DE. Introduction to his French Translation of the Avesta (Paris, 1881).

HAUG, M. Essays on the Parsis (3d ed., London, 1884).

JUSTI, F. Geschichte des alten Persiens, p. 67 ff. (Berlin, 1879).

GEIGER, W. Civilization of the Eastern Iranians in Ancient Times (Eng. tr., London, 1885-1886).

DARMESTETER, J. Le Zend-Avesta (Paris, 1892-1893).

JACKSON, A. V. Williams, Die Iranische Religion (in Geiger and Kuhn's Grundriss der iranischen Philologie) (Strassburg, 1896-1904); Zoroaster (New York and London, 1899); Persia, Past and Present (New York, 1906); article "Avesta" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics); Religion of the Achaemenian Kings (according to the inscriptions), Journal of the American Oriental Society, xxi (New Haven, 1901).

BROWNE, E. G. Literary History of Persia, p. 95 ff. (London, 1902).

GELDNER, K. F. Avestalitteratur, Grundriss der iranischen Philologie, ii; Eng. tr., in Studies in honor of Sanjana (Strassburg, 1904).

SANJANA. Zarathushtra and Zarathushtrianism in the Avesta (Leipzig, 1906).

MENANT, D. Zoroaster d'apres la tradition parsie, Annales du Musee Guimet, vol. xxx (Paris).

MILLS, L. H. Zarathushtra (Zoroaster), Philo, the Achaemenids and Israel (Chicago, 1906); articles (on Asha and Vohumanah) in Journal of the American Oriental Society, xx, xxi (New Haven, 1899-1901).

GRAY, L. H. In Archiv fuer Religionswissenschaft vii, 345 (Leipzig, 1904).

CASARTELLI, L. C. Philosophy of the Mazdayasnian Religion under the Sassanids (Eng. tr., Bombay, 1889); article "Dualism, Iranian" (in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

MOORE, G. F. Zoroastrianism, Harvard Theological Review, vol. v. (Cambridge, Mass., 1912).

DARMESTETER AND MILLS. Eng. tr. of the Avesta (in Sacred Books of the East) (Oxford, 1879- ).

CUMONT, FR. Article "Mithras" (in Roscher's Lexikon).

Manichaeism

BEAUSOBRE, ISAAC DE. Histoire critique de Manichee et du manicheisme (Paris, 1734-1735).

FLUeGEL, G. Mani, seine Lehre und seine Schriften (from the Fihrist) (Leipzig, 1862).

KESSLER, K. Mani (Berlin, 1889 and 1903); article "Mani und die Manichaeer" (in Herzog-Hauck's Real-Encyklopaedie) (Leipzig, 1903).

KUGENER AND CUMONT. Recherches sur le manicheisme (Brussels, 1908 ff.)

Druses

SACY, SILVESTRE DE. Expose de la religion des Druses (Paris, 1838).

CHURCHILL, C. H. Ten Years' Residence in Mount Lebanon (London, 1853).

WORTABET, J. Researches into the Religions of Syria (London, 1860).

GUYS, H. La theogonie des Druses (Paris, 1863).

HERZOG-HAUCK. Real-Encyklopaedie, Index, s.v. Drusen.

HOGARTH, D. G., AND BELL, GERTRUDE L. Article "Druses" (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.)

Babism and Bahaism

COMTE DE GOBINEAU. Les religions et les philosophies dans l'Asie Centrale (Paris, 1866).

BROWNE, E. G. The Episode of the Bab: a Traveller's Narrative, vol. i Persian text, vol. ii Eng. tr. (Cambridge, England, 1891); New History of the Bab (Eng. tr., Cambridge, England, 1893).

PHELPS, M. H. Life and Teaching of Abbas Effendi [son of the founder, Behau'llah]—Religion of the Babis and Behais (New York, 1903).

BURNEY, LAURA C. Some Answered Questions [statement of Bahaist beliefs by Abbas Efendi] (London, 1908).

Armenian

SAYCE, A. H. Article "Armenia (Vannic)" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

ANANIKIAN, M. H. Article "Armenia (Zoroastrian)," ibid.

AEgean

PERROT AND CHIPIEZ. La Grece primitive (in their Histoire de l'art) (Paris, 1895).

EVANS, A. J. Mycenaean Tree and Pillar Cult (London and New York, 1901); Scripta Minoa [written documents of Minoan Crete] (Oxford 1909- ).

Articles in Journal of Hellenic Studies and Annals of the British School at Athens.

HOGARTH, D. G. Article "AEgean Religion" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

Greek

AUGUSTINE. De Civitate Dei.

WELCKER, F. G. Griechische Goetterlehre (Goettingen, 1857-1863).

HERMANN, K. F. Lehrbuch der gottesdienstlichen Alterthuemer der Griechen (Heidelberg, 1858).

GLADSTONE, W. E. Juventus Mundi, the Gods and Men of the Heroic Age (London, 1869).

BOETTICHER, C. Baumkultus der Hellenen und Roemer (Berlin, 1856).

GRUPPE, O. Die griechischen Culte und Mythen (Leipzig, 1887); Griechische Mythologie (Muenchen, 1897-1906).

STENGEL AND OEHMICHEN. Die griechischen Sakralaltertuemer (Muenchen, 1890).

DYER, LOUIS. Studies of the Gods in Greece (London, 1891).

CAIRD, E. Evolution of Religion, lecture v (London and New York, 1893).

GARDNER AND JEVONS. Greek Antiquities (London, 1895).

MOMMSEN, A. Feste der Stadt Athen (new ed., Leipzig, 1898).

DICKINSON, G. LOWES. The Greek View of Life (2d ed., London, 1898).

FARNELL, L. R. Cults of the Greek States (Oxford, 1896-1909); The Place of the 'Sondergoetter' in Greek Polytheism (in Anthropological Essays presented to E. B. Tylor) (Oxford, 1907); Greece and Babylon (Edinburgh, 1911); Higher Aspects of Greek Religion (London, 1912).

ROHDE, E. Psyche, 1894 (3d issue, Leipzig, 1903).

HARRISON, MISS J. E. Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion (Cambridge, Eng., 1903); Themis, a Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion (Cambridge, England, 1912).

HATCH, E. Influence of Greek Ideas and Usages upon the Christian Church (London, 1904).

SEYMOUR, T. D. Life in the Homeric Age (New York and London, 1907).

ADAM, JAMES. The Religious Teachers of Greece (Edinburgh, 1908).

PFISTER, F. Reliquien-Cult im Altertum (Giessen, 1909).

FOUCART, P. Des associations religieuses chez les Grecs (Paris, 1873); Lea grands mysteres d'Eleusis (Paris, 1900).

JEVONS, F. B. Introduction to the History of Religion (2d ed., London, 1902), chap. xxiii f.

JONG, K. H. E. DE. Das antike Mysterienwesen (Leiden, 1909).

FAIRBANKS, A. Handbook of Greek Religion (New York, 1910).

REIZENSTEIN, R. Hellenistische Mysterienreligion (Leipzig and Berlin, 1910).

Article "Dionysos" in Roscher's Lexikon.

Articles "Mystery" and "Orpheus" in Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed.

Article "Mystery" in New International Encyclopaedia.

BEVAN, E. R. Article "Deification (Greek and Roman)" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics) (Edinburgh and New York, 1912).

LEHMANN-HAUPT, C. F. Article "Sarapis" (in Roscher's Lexikon).

MAHAFFY, J. P. History of Egypt under the Ptolemaic Dynasty, p. 56 ff. (London, 1889).

STEINDORFF, G. Religion of the Ancient Egyptians, p. 72 f. (New York and London, 1905).

PLUTARCH. Isis and Osiris.

PREUSCHEN, E. Moenchtum und Sarapiskult (Giessen, 1903).

APULEIUS. Cult of Isis (in his Metamorphoses, bk. xi).

DREXLER, W. Article "Isis" (in Roscher's Lexikon).

Religious Relations between Greece and India

SCHROeDER, L. VON. Pythagoras und die Inder (Leipzig, 1884).

WEBER, A. Die Griechen in Indien, Literarisches Centralblatt (1884).

GARBE, R. Connexion between Indian and Greek Philosophy, The Monist (July, 1894).

HOPKINS, E. W. Religions of India, chap. xix (Boston and London, 1895).

PRINGLE-PATTISON, A. S. Article "Pythagoras" (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Histories of Philosophy, on Pythagoras.

Roman

VARRO, M. T. Res Rusticae (Leipzig, 1889); Res Divinae (from Augustine's De Civitate Dei) (Leipzig, 1896); De Lingua Latina (Leipzig, 1910).

ARNOBIUS. Disputationes adversus Gentes (or Nationes) (Latin text, Vienna, 1875; Eng. tr., New York, 1888).

SERVIUS. Commentary on Vergil (Leipzig, 1881-1887).

MACROBIUS. Saturnalia (Fr. tr., Paris, 1883).

AUGUSTINE. De Civitate Dei.

MOMMSEN, TH. Roemische Geschichte (new ed., Berlin, 1856-1887; Eng. tr., London and New York, 1870, 1894, 1903).

ZELLER, E. Religion und Philosophie bei den Roemern (in his Beitraege und Abhandlungen) (Berlin, 1872).

BOISSIER G. La religion romaine d'Auguste aux Antonins (2d ed., Paris, 1878).

RENAN, E. Influence of the Institutions, Thought and Culture of Rome on Christianity (London, 1880).

PRELLER-JORDAN. Roemische Mythologie (Berlin, 1881-1883).

AUST, E. Religion der Roemer (Muenster, Westphalia, 1899).

WISSOWA, G. Religion und Kultus der Roemer (Munich, 1902).

FOWLER, W. W. Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic (London, 1899); Social Life at Rome in the Age of Cicero (New York, 1910); Religious Experience of the Roman People (London, 1911).

FRIEDLAeNDER, L. Sittengeschichte Roms (8th ed., Leipzig, 1910); Eng. tr. of 7th ed., Roman life and Manners under the Early Empire (London and New York ca. 1903).

GLOVER, T. R. Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire (2d ed., London, 1909).

GRUPPE, G. Kulturgeschichte der roemischen Kalserzeit (Muenchen, 1903-1904).

CARTER, J. B. Religion of Numa (London, 1906); The Religious Life of Ancient Rome (Boston and New York, 1911).

REINACH, S. Orpheus [a general history of religions], chap. iii (Paris, 1909; Eng. tr., revised by the author, London and New York, 1909).

ARNOLD, E. V. Roman Stoicism (Cambridge, England, 1911).

Etruscan

HERBIG, G. Article "Etruscan Religion" (in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

Celtic

RHYS, J. Celtic Heathendom (London, 1886).

BERTRAND, A. Religion des Gaulois (2d ed., Paris, 1891).

IHM, M. Der Muetter-oder Matronenkultus und seine Denkmaeler, Bonner Jahrbuecher (1887).

MACCULLOCH J. A. Religion of the Ancient Celts (Edinburgh, 1911); article "Celts" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics); article "Druids," ibid.

GRUFFYDD, W. J. Welsh Literature (in article "Celt" in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.).

QUIGGIN, E. C. Article "Celtic Languages and Literature," ibid.

ROBINSON, F. N. Article "Deae Matres" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

Revue Celtique (Paris).

Celtic Review, Edinburgh.

Teutonic

GRIMM, J. Deutsche Mythologie (Berlin, 1835; 4th ed., 1875-1878); Kleinere Schriften (Berlin, 1864-1890).

MUeLLENHOFF, K. Deutsche Altertumskunde (Berlin, 1870-1892).

BUGGE, S. Studier over de nordiske Gude-og Heltesagns oprindelse (1880); Germ. tr., Studien ueber die Entstehung der nordischen Goetterund Heldensagen (Munich, 1889).

GRUPPE, O. Griechische Culte und Mythen in ihren Beziehungen zu den orientalischen Religionen, Index (Leipzig, 1887).

MOGK, E. Germanische Mythologie (in Paul's Grundriss der germanischen Philologie) (2d ed., Strassburg, 1898).

MEYER, E. H. Germanische Mythologie (Berlin, 1891).

GUMMERE, F. B. Article "Teutonic (or Germanic) Mythology" (in Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia); Germanic Origins (New York, 1892).

LA SAUSSAYE, P. D. CHANTEPIE DE. Religion of the Teutons (with bibliography) (Boston and London, 1902).

CHADWICK, H. M. Article "Teutonic Peoples," p. 683 ff. (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.).

MANNHARDT, W. Baumcultus der Germanen und ihrer Nachbarstaemme (Berlin, 1875); Antike Wald- und Feldkulte aus nordeuropaeischen Uberlieferungen erlaeutert (Berlin, 1877); Mythologische Forschungen, Quellen und Forschungen (1884).

JONSSON, F. Article "The Eddas" (in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

VIGFUSSON, G., AND POWELL, F. YORK. Corpus Poeticum Boreale (Old Norse Poetry, Scaidic and Eddic) (Oxford, 1883).

THORPE, B. Metrical Translation of the Edda (London, 1866).

Slavic

Archiv fuer slavische Philologie (Berlin, 1876- ).

MANNS, E. H. Article "Slavs," p. 230 (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th. ed.).

USENER, H. Goetternamen (Bonn, 1896).

KRAUSS, F. S. Slavische Folkforschungen (Leipzig, 1908).

MONE, F. J. Geschichte des Heidenthums in noerdlichen Europa (Leipzig, 1836).

Central and Northern Asia

RATZEL, F. History of Mankind (Eng. tr., London, 1896-1898).

FEATHERMAN, A. Races of Mankind, iv (London, 1881-1891).

PUMPELLY, R. Explorations in Turkestan (Prehistoric Civilizations of Anau) (Washington, 1908).

VAMBERY, A. Die primitive Cultur des turko-tatarischen Volkes (Leipzig, 1879).

HUC, E. R. Travels in Tartary, Tibet, and China (Eng. tr., London, 1859).

KEANE, A. H. Asia (London, 1896-1906); article "Asia" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

KING, L. W. History of Sumer and Akkad, Appendix (New York, 1910).

MOUHOT, H. Travels in the Central Parts of Indo-China (London, 1864).

CROSS, E. B. The Karens, Journal of the American Oriental Society, iv (New York, 1854).

KLEMENTZ, DEMETRIUS. Article "Buriats" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

WASILJEV, J. Heidnische Gebraeuche, Aberglaube und Religion der Wotyaken (Helsingfors, 1902).

JOCHELSON, W. The Koryak (in Jesup North Pacific Expedition, vi) (New York).

BOGORAS, W. The Chukchee, ibid.

WRIGHT, J. H., editor. History of All Nations, vol. ii, Central and Eastern Asia in Antiquity (by F. Justi, F. W. Williams, M. Jastrow, Jr., and A. V. W. Jackson) (Philadelphia and New York, 1902 and 1905).

WLISLOCKI, H. VON. Volksglaube und religioeser Brauch der Magyaren (Muenster, Westphalia, 1893).

CASTREN, M. A. Finnische Mythologie (Germ. tr., St. Petersburg, 1853).

Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae (Helsingfors).

COMPARETTI, D. Il Kalevala, o la poesia tradizionale del Finni (Rome, 1891).

CRAWFORD, J. M. Eng. tr. of the Kalevala (New York, 1888).

KIRBY, W. F. Eng. tr. of the Kalevala (London, 1898).

Japan

GRIFFIS, W. E. The Religions of Japan (London, 1895).

ASTON, W. G. Shinto (London, 1907).

KNOX, G. W. Development of Religion in Japan (New York and London, 1907).

LONGFORD, J. H. Story of Old Japan (London, 1910).

BRINKLEY, F. In article "Japan" (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed., p. 222 ff.).

BATCHELOR, J. The Ainu and their Folklore (London, 1901); article "Ainus" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

HOWARD, B. D. Life with the Trans-Siberian Savages (London, 1893).

China and Korea

DOUGLAS, R. K. Confucianism and Taouism (London, 1889).

LEGGE, JAMES. Religions of China (London, 1880); articles "Confucius" and "Lao-Tsze" (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.); Texts of Taoism (in Sacred Books of the East, vol. xi).

DE GROOT, J. J. M. Religious System of China (Leiden, 1892-1907); Religion of the Chinese (New York, 1910); Religion in China: Universism, a Key to the Study of Taoism and Confucianism (New York and London, 1912).

GILES, H. A. Articles "Religions of Ancient China," "China" (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.).

GRIFFIS, W. E. Corea, the Hermit Nation (New York, 1901).

LONGFORD, J. H. Story of Korea (New York, 1911).

HOWARTH, O. J. R. Article "Korea" (in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.).

UNDERWOOD, H. G. Religions of Eastern Asia (New York, 1910).

PARKER, E. H. Studies in Chinese Religion (London, 1910).

CHAVANNES, E. Memoires historiques, vol. i, Introduction to tr. of the Tao-Teh-King (Paris, 1895).

DVORAK, R. China's Religionen, No. 2 (Muenster, 1903).

HEYSINGOR, J. W. The Light of China (metrical version of the Tao-Teh-King) (Philadelphia, 1903).

Oceania

RATZEL, F. History of Mankind (Eng. tr., London, 1896-1898).

FRAZER, J. G. Totemism and Exogamy, Index (London, 1910); The Belief in Immortality and the Worship of the Dead (the Gifford Lectures, 1911-1912) (London and New York).

BASTIAN A. Inselgruppen in Oceania (Berlin, 1883).

KEANE, A. H. Article "Australasia" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

Polynesia

MARINER, W. Tonga Islands (London, 1817).

GREY, G. Polynesian Mythology (Auckland, 1885).

ELLIS, W. Polynesian Researches (London, 1859); Tour around Hawaii (London, 1829).

JARVES, J. J. History of the Hawaiian Islands (Honolulu, 1872).

BASTIAN, A. Zur Kenntniss Hawaiis (Berlin, 1883).

ALEXANDER, W. D. Brief History of the Hawaiian People (London, 1892).

ACHELIS, THOS. Ueber Mythologie und Cultus von Hawaii, 1895 (reprint from Ausland, 1893).

TAYLOR, R. New Zealand and its Inhabitants (London, 1870).

GILL, W. Myths and Songs of the South Pacific (London, 1876).

TURNER, G. Samoa (London, 1884).

KRAeMER, A. Hawaii, Ostmikronesien und Samoa (Stuttgart, 1906).

TREGEAR, E. The Maori race (Wanganui, New Zealand, 1904).

SHORTLAND, E. Traditions and Superstitions of the New Zealanders (London, 1854).

BAeSSLER, A. Suedsee Bilder (Berlin, 1895); Neue Suedsee Bilder (Berlin, 1900).

Melanesia

WILLIAMS, J., AND CALVERT, J. Fiji and the Fijians (London, 1870).

CODRINGTON, R. H. The Melanesians (Oxford, 1891).

SELIGMANN, C. G. The Melanesians of British New Guinea (Cambridge, England, 1910).

BROWN, GEORGE. Melanesians and Polynesians (London and New York, 1910).

FURNESS, W. H., 3d. The Island of Stone-Money (Uap of the Carolines), (Philadelphia and London, 1910).

Australia and Tasmania

SPENCER, B., AND GILLEN, J. Native Tribes of Central Australia (London, 1899); Northern Tribes of Central Australia (London, 1904).

HOWITT, A. W. Native Tribes of South-East Australia (London, 1904).

PARKER, MRS. K. L. The Euahlayi Tribe (London, 1905).

GENNEP, A. V. Mythes et legendes d'Australie (Paris, 1906).

THOMAS, N. W. Native Tribes of Australia (London, 1907); article "Australia" (in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

TYLOR, E. B. On the Tasmanians as Representatives of Palaeolithic Man, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxiii

Malay Archipelago and the Philippines

MARSDEN, W. History of Sumatra (London, 1811).

BOCK, C. Head-hunters of Borneo (London, 1881).

MAN, E. H. The Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Andaman Islands, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xii (London, 1885).

WALLACE, A. R. The Malay Archipelago (London, 1890).

WILKEN, G. A. Het shamanisme bij de volken van den Indischen Archipel ('S-Hage, 1887).

KRUIJT, A. C. Het animisme in den indischen Archipel ('S-Gravenhage, 1906).

SARASIN, P. AND F. Die Weddas von Ceylon und die umgebenden Voelkerschaften (Wiesbaden, 1893).

ROTH, H. L. The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo (London, 1896).

HADDON, A. C. Head-hunters, Black, White and Brown (London, 1901).

FURNESS, W. H., 3d. Home-life of Borneo Head-hunters (Philadelphia, 1902).

MORRIS, MISS M. Harvest Gods of the Land Dyaks of Borneo, Journal of the American Oriental Society (July, 1905).

HURGRONYE, C. SNOUCK. The Achehnese (London, 1906).

WARNECK, J. Die Religion der Batak (in J. Boehmer's Religionsurkunden der Voelker, Abth. iv, Bd. i) (Leipzig, 1909).

Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology of the Philippine Government.

Journal of American Folklore.

Philippine Journal of Science, Manila.

Bureau of American Ethnology.

BLUMENTRITT, F. Diccionario mitologico de Philippinas (2d ed., Madrid, 1895).

BEYER, H. O., AND BARTON, R. F. An Ifugao Burial Ceremony (reprint from Philippine Journal of Science) (1911).

NORTH AMERICA

Relation des Jesuites de la Nouvelle France [17th century] (edited, with Eng. tr., by R.G. Thwaites, Cleveland, 1901).

PARKMAN, F. The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century (London, 1867).

WILLIAMS, ROGER. Key into the Language of America (London, 1643).

HODGE, F. W. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico (Washington, 1907-1910).

Journal of American Folklore (Boston and New York).

SMITH, JOHN. General History of Virginia (London, 1627; new issue, 1907).

STRACHEY, W. Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia (1618; ed. R. H. Major, London, 1849).

HENDERSON, S. R. The Government and Religion of the Virginia Indians, Johns Hopkins University Studies in History and Political Science, xiii (Baltimore).

MUeLLER, J. G. Geschichte der amerikanischen Urreligionen (Basel, 1867).

SCHOOLCRAFT, H. R. Indian Tribes of the United States (Philadelphia, 1851-1860).

BANCROFT, H. H. Native Races of the Pacific States of North America (New York, 1875-1876).

WINSOR, J. Narrative and Critical History of America (Boston, 1889).

PAYNE, E. J. History of the New World, called America (Oxford, 1899).

CUSHING, F. H. My Adventures in Zufii, Century Magazine (New York, May, 1883).

FLETCHER, ALICE. Indian Ceremonies from the Sixteenth Report of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology (Cambridge, Mass., 1883) (Salem, Mass., 1884).

GATSCHET, A. S. A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians (Philadelphia, 1884).

BRINTON, D. G. The Lenape and their Legends (Philadelphia, 1885).

FEWKES, J. W. The Winter Solstice Ceremony at Walpi (reprinted from the American Anthropologist, xi) (Washington, 1898).

MATTHEWS, W. Navaho Legends (Boston and New York, 1897).

BOAS, F. The Indians of British Columbia (reprinted from Report of the British Association, 1889) (London); The Kwakiutl (Washington, 1897).

TEIT, J. Traditions of the Thompson River Indians of British Columbia (Boston and New York, 1898).

MORICE, A. G. Notes ... on the Western Denes, Transactions of the Canadian Institute (1894).

WILL, G. F., AND SPINDEN, H. J. The Mandans [of North Dakota], (Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Mass., 1906).

HILL-TOUT, C. British North America (the Far West) (London, 1907).

DIXON, R. B. The Northern Maidu [of California], Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, vol. xvii (New York, 1905); The Shasta (California), ibid. (New York, 1907); The Chimariko Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology (Berkeley, 1910).

CRANZ. D. History of Greenland (London, 1820).

RINK, H. J. Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo (Edinburgh and London, 1875); The Eskimo Tribes (Copenhagen and London, 1887).

BOAS, F. The Central Eskimo, Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1884-1885 (Washington, 1888).

RASMUSSEN, KNUD. People of the Polar North (London, 1908).

RADIN, P., AND GRAY, L. H. Article "Eskimos" (in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

Mormonism

RILEY, I. W. The Founder of Mormonism, a Psychological Study of Joseph Smith (New York, 1902).

LINN, W. A. The Story of the Mormons ... to the Year 1901 (New York 1902).

MEYER, EDOUARD. Ursprung und Geschichte der Mormonen (Halle a. S., 1912).

Mexico

SAHAGUN, F. B. DE. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva Espana (Mexico, 1829-1830, and Fr. tr.).

ACOSTA, J. DE. Historia de las Indias (Eng. tr., C. R. Markham, London, 1880).

HERRERA, A. DE. Historia de las Indias Ocidentales (Eng. tr., London, 1825-1826).

SELER, E. Altmexikanische Studien, Publications of Berlin Museum fuer Voelkerkunde, vi (1899); Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur amerikanischen Sprach-und Alterthumskunde (Berlin, 1902-1909).

PRESCOTT, W. H. Conquest of Mexico (Boston, 1843).

REVILLE, A. Native Religions of Mexico and Peru (London, 1884).

SPENCE, L. Mythologies of Ancient Mexico and Peru (London, 1907).

PREUSS, K. T. Die Feuergoetter als Ausgangspunkt zum Verstaendniss der mexikanischen Religion, Mitteilungen der [Wiener] anthropologischen Gesellschaft (1903).

NUTALL, ZELIA. A Penitential Rite of the Ancient Mexicans, Archaeological and Ethnological Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass., 1904).

TOY, C. H. Mexican Human Sacrifice, Journal of American Folklore (Boston and New York, 1905).

CENTRAL AMERICA

BRINTON, D. G. The Names of the Gods in the Kiche Myths of Central America, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia, 1881); The Annals of the Cakchiquels (Philadelphia, 1885); Nagualism, a Study in Native American Folklore and History (Philadelphia, 1894).

SCHELLHAS, P. Representations of Deities of the Maya Mss. (Eng. tr. of 2d ed. in Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University) (Cambridge, Mass., 1904).

TOZZER, A. M. Comparative Study of the Mayas and Lacandones [of Yucatan] (New York and London, 1907).

Porto Rico

FEWKES, J. W. Aborigines of Porto Rico (in Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology, xxv) (Washington).

SOUTH AMERICA

LA VEGA, GARCILASO DE. Comentarios reales de los Incas (1609; Eng. tr., ed. C. R. Markham, Rites and Laws of the Yncas) (London, 1870).

PRESCOTT, W. H. Conquest of Peru (Boston, 1847).

BERNAU, J. H. Missionary Labors in British Guiana (London, 1847).

IM THURN, F. Among the Indians of Guiana (London, 1883).

REVILLE and SPENCE. See under 'Mexico.'

HYADES, P., AND DENIKER, J. Mission scientifique du Cap Horn (Paris, 1882-1883, 1891- ).

VON DEN STRINEN, K. Unter den Naturvoelkern Zentral-Brasiliens (Berlin, 1894).

BAeSSLER, A. Altperuanische Kunst (1902).

EHRENREICH, P. Mythen und Legenden der suedamerikanischen Urvoelker (Berlin, 1905).

FARABEE, W. C. Some Customs of the [Peruvian] Machegongos (reprinted from Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society) (Worcester, 1909).

AFRICA

WAITZ-GARLAND. Anthropologie der Naturvoelker (Leipzig, 1859-1872).

ELLIS, W. History of Madagascar (London, 1838).

FRITSCH, G. Die Eingeborenen Sued-Afrika's (Breslau, 1872).

HAHN, TH. Tsuni-Goam, the Supreme Being of the Khoi-Khoi (London, 1881).

MACDONALD, D. Africana (London, 1882).

MACDONALD, J. Manners, Customs, Superstitions and Religions of South-African Tribes, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xix, xx (London); East Central African Customs, ibid., xxii (London, 1893).

CALLAWAY, H. Religious System of the Amazulu (Natal, 1868-1870).

ELLIS, A. B. The Tshi-speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa (London, 1887); The Eẃe-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa (London, 1890); The Yoruba-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa (London, 1894).

SCHNEIDER, W. Religion der afrikanischen Naturvoelker (Muenster, Westphalia, 1891).

HANOTEAU, A., and LETOURNEAUX, A. La Kabylie (2d ed., Paris, 1893).

WESTERMARCK, E. Nature of the Arab Ǧinn, Journal of the Anthropological Institute (London, 1900); L'ar, or the Transference of Conditional Curses in Morocco (in Anthropological Essays presented to E. B. Tylor) (Oxford, 1907).

KINGSLEY, MARY. Travels in West Africa (London, 1897); West African Studies (London, 1901).

THEAL, G. M. Records of South-Eastern Africa (London, 1898-1900); History and Ethnography of South Africa (London, 1907-1910).

QUATREFAGES, A. DE. The Pygmies (Eng. tr., New York, 1895).

JOHNSTON, H. The Pygmies of the Great Congo Forest, Smithsonian Institution Reports, 1902 (Washington).

SCHMIDT, W. Stellung der Pygmaeenvoelker in der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen (Stuttgart, 1910).

MAC-RITCHIE, D. Article "Dwarfs and Pygmies" (in Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics).

FROBENIUS, L. Ursprung der afrikanischen Kulturen (1898; Eng. tr. in Smithsonian Institution Reports, 1898, Washington).

HINDE, S. L., AND MRS. HILDEGARDE. The Last of the Masai (London, 1901).

HOLLIS, A. C. The Masai (Oxford, 1905); The Nandi (Oxford, 1909).

NASSAU, R. H. Fetichism in West Africa (London, 1904).

KIDD, D. The Essential Kafir (London, 1904).

JOHNSTON, H. The Uganda Protectorate (London, 1904).

PARTRIDGE, C. Cross River Natives (London, 1905).

ROSCOE, J. Manners and Customs of the Baganda, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxxi, xxxii (London); The Bahima, ibid., xxxvii (London).

BRUN, P. Croyances et pratiques religieuses des Malinkes fetichistes, Anthropos, ii (Salzburg, 1907).

LEONARD, A. G. The Lower Niger and its Tribes (London, 1906).

MILLIGAN, R. H. The Fetish Folk of West Africa (New York, 1912).



INDEX

(The Arabic figures refer to paragraphs)

Ablutions, sacred, 197

Abnegation, offering as, 1040

Abraham, abrogation of human sacrifice ascribed to, 847

Abstractions, gods of, 695 ff.

Abydos, chief seat of worship of Osiris, 728

Acts, ritual, magical power in, 1019

Adam Kadmon, 735

AEschines as mystagogue, 1099 n. 1

Aesculapius, shrine of, incubation at, 922

Aeshma, prominent position of, 738

Africa, clan deities in, 645; food restrictions in, 457; myths of clan origins in, 450

Africa, Central, Islam in, 1146

Africa, West, polypsychism in, 39

Agdistis, birth of, 288 n. 2; cult of, 413

Age, mythopoeic, 821

[Greek: agios], sense of, 626 n. 9

Agnosticism, Chinese, 1006

Agriculture, sacrifices in, 1035

Ahura Mazda, relation of, to Varuna, 742

Ainu, the, bear-cult of, 257; gods of, 661, 672

Alexander, deification of, 340, 347

Alexandrian canon, 1130

Ali, deification of, 355

Allah, cultic significance of, 766

Al-Lat, local nature of, 764

Allegory, science of, 863

Altar, origin of, 297, 1081; religious purification of, 195

Al-Uzza, local nature of, 764

Amenhotep IV, reform of, 727

America, examination of dead in, 76; gods of, 662-665; guardian spirits in, 504; polypsychism in, 39; power of priests in, 532; social organizations in, 499; tribal badges in, 446; trickster heroes in, 633

America, North, food restrictions in, 458

America, Northwest, religiously inferior to the Eastern tribes, 527

Amesha-spentas, the, 320, 703, 738

Amon-Ra, supremacy of, 727

Amulets, phallos and yoni as, 405, 406 n. 3

Anahita, 739

Ancestor-worship, 360 ff.; moral power of, 380; origin of totemism sought in, 544, 549

Anchor, worship offered to, 891

Androgynous deities, 407 ff.

Angels, guardian, 673; as rain-givers, 315 n. 6; originators of arts, 843

Angro Mainyu, 976

Animals, abodes of souls, 25, 31; connection of, with phallic deities, 419; cult of, 241-261; domestication of, ascribed to totemism, 564-569; morning prayers to, 573; whether religious sense in, 12 n. 2

Anthesteria, the, apotropaic element in, 374; prohibition of work in, 602

Aphrodite, history of, 793 f.; represented by a stone, 292

Apocrypha, the, recognition of, 1131

Apollo, development of, 770; Delphian hymn to, 1088

Apostle, Jewish title, 1110 n. 2

Apotheosis, Roman, 353

Apuleius, his conception of Isis, 1114

Arabia, supposed abstract gods in, 698 ff.; worship of morning star in, 717

Aramea, deities of, 764

Areoi, the, church-form of, 1096; future privileges of, 74; tyranny of, 531

Ares, history of, 775

Ark, the Israelite, 291

Arrows, Arab divination by, 918

Arta, Vedic, 688

Artemis, functions of, 788; Ephesian, image of, 300 n. 1

Arval Brothers, the, 800

Asha, Avestan, 688

Ashanti, gods of, 660

Ashera, Hebrew, origin of, 272

Ashtar, relation of, to Ishtar, 763

Ashtart, shem Baal, meaning of, 409

Ashur, god, nature of, 759

Ashurbanipal, dreams of, 922

Assyria, influence of priests in, 1068

Astrology, development of, 850, 914 f.

Asylums, graves as, 369; temples as, 1085

Atargatis, origin and cult of, 399

Aten, as sole ruler, 989

Atharva-Veda, magic in, 902

Athene, history of, 791 f.

Athtar, relation of, to Ishtar, 763

Atonement, Hebrew annual ceremony of, 142

Attis, origin and cult of, 271, 413, 1066; death of, 283

Augustus, religious reconstruction by, 353; temples consecrated to, 347

Australia, absence of sacrifice in, 10; ceremonies of, blood in, 10; creators in, 639; food restrictions in, 452; rain clan in, 136; rites, economic, in, 460; totemism in, 468 ff.

Australia, North, prohibition of eating totem in, 470

Authority, religious, absolute, claim to, 1140

Azazel, head of fallen angels, 692; lord of wilderness and receiver of Jewish national sins, 142

Baal-shamem, meaning of, 409

Baalzebub, meaning of, 671; oracle of, 927

Bab, the, function of, 1120

Babe, as child of God, 188

Babylonia, influence of priests in, 1068; local gods in, 650; omens in, 912; Semitic mythopoeic center, 868; unlucky days in, 611

Badges, function of, 501-503; supposed origin of totems, 555

Baetulus, etymology of, 294

Baganda, the, totemistic usages among, 457, 511

Bahaism, success of, 1120

Bahau'llah, founder of a church, and claimed to be incarnation of God, 1120

Baiame, clan god, 644

Bakuana, the, food restrictions among, 457

Banana, incarnation of dead chief, 479

Baptism, infant, result of its introduction, 1110; proselyte, 198; quasi-magical power attributed to, 198 n. 3

Bards, Australian, 106

Bathing, removal of taboo by, 616

Bau, goddess of fertility, 761

Bear, as messenger, 1024

Beasts, pantheon of, 248

Beelzebul, origin of, 671

Beings, savage, whether regarded as eternal, 984 f.; two supernatural, opposed to each other, 969

Bene-Israel, the, persistence of Jewish customs among, 224 n. 3

Bengal, oracles in, 927

Bethel, Hebrew, meaning of, 294

Bible, the, results of study of, 1135

Bird, the, symbol of soul, 25

Birth, supposed cause of, 34

Blood, connection of, with life, 23; expiatory power of, 1026; inoculation with, in marriages, 178; kinship of, totemic, 441

Body, the, as seat of life, 26; regarded as by nature nonsacred, 205

Boedromia, the, 845

Bombay, Parsiism in, 1145

Bones, animal, not to be broken, 127; divination by, 920

Borneo, harvest taboos in, 599; oracles in, 927

Bo-tree, the, worship under, 281

Boundaries, gods of, 704

Bowels, the, as seat of emotion, 27

Brahma, impersonal, 730; meaning of, 703

Brain, the, relation of, to thought, 28; Arabic conception of, 28

Brides, taboos on, 179

Brotherhood, blood-, 169

Buddhism, agnosticism of, 1007; canons of, 1129; diffusion of, 1142, 1147

Bull, the, worship of, 258

Bunjil, Australian, nature of, 644

Burma, Buddhism in, 1142

Bush, burning, god in, 279

Bushmen, cult of mantis by, 257

Byblos, sacred prostitution at, 1066

Cadmus, culture-hero, 843

Caelus, 722

Caesar, Julius, deified, 353

Cainites, the, 693

Cakti, cult of, 734

Caktism, cultic significance of, 406

Calendars, savage, 210 f.

Calif Omar, embassy of, to Persia, 916

California, cosmogony in, 829; ghost dance in, 108

Caligula, divine honors accorded to, 347

Canaan, sun-cult in, 753

Canons, religious, 1128 ff.

Caoshyanc, the, prophetic function of, 348

Caracalla, enrollment of, among the heroes, 353 n. 2

Carthage, cult of Tanit in, 410

Ceremonies, marriage-, whether essentially religious, 178-183; religious, merrymaking in, 1057; religious, later interpretation of, 103

Ceres, origin of, 803

Ceylon, Buddhism in, 1142

Chaldeans, astrological science of, 914 f.; charlatanry of, 927

Chaos, philosophical conception of, 685

Charms, animal and vegetable, 229; attitude of men toward, 239

Chastity, origin of demand for, 594

Chiefs, relief from taboo by, 615; sacredness of, 595

Child, death of, ceremonies at, 191 n. 4; name of, how chosen, 187; newborn, purification of, by water, 197; perils of, 589; prenatal influence on, 481

Childbirth, future of women dying in, 75

Children, first-born, sacrifice of, 134; savage training of, 146

China, Buddhism in, 1142; conception of kinship with the dead in, 193; divinization of emperor in, 345; expulsion of spirits in, 140; no priestly class in national religion of, 1074; official religion of, 748; polypsychism in, 39; sky and earth as progenitors in, 992; stress on earthly life in, 992; supremacy of Heaven in, 992; tutelary gods in, 672

Christendom, development of ritual in, 1060

Christian canon, formation of, 1131

Christian monachism, 1126

Christian writers, early, interpretation of myths by, 873

Christianity, diffusion of, 1144, 1147; dualism of, 977

Chunder Sen, church-founder, 1119

Church, Buddhistic, 1106; pre-Christian idea of, 1101

Churches, origin and function of, 1095 ff.; influence of, 1137 ff.; temptations of, 1139

Cicero, on cerebrum as seat of mind, 28; on origin of the soul, 36

Circumambulation, object of, 112

Circumcision, 153-168

Civa, 733

Civilization, mythical origin of, 843

Clan, rain-, Australian, 136; relation of, to marriage customs, 423; supposed deliberate choice of totem by, 554

Clans, mythical origin of, 450; non-exogamous totemic, 436

Clanship, totemic, religious side of, 571

Climate, effect of, on totemic usages, 470; Iranian, 976 n. 3

Clothing, origin of, 114

Code, moral, regarded as will of God, 1166

Codes, good and bad, accepted by religion, 1162 f.

Conceptional theory of the origin of totemism, 548

Conceptions, mythical, historical development of, 871

Conduct, association of, with religion, 1161

Confucianism not ecclesiastical, 1103

Confucius, deified, 354; teaching of, 1103

Congo, death of souls held in, 48

Conscience, religious development of, 1170

Consecration by sacrifice, 1033

Constitution, savage social, composite character of, 620

Control, supernatural, common to all religions, 1149

Corpse, savage attitude toward, 590

Corruption, monachistic, 1127

Cosmogonies, civilized, 829 ff.; savage, 255, 829

Cosmogony, Babylonian, 316; Hebrew, 830 n. 5

Courtesans, temple-, in West Africa and India, 1066

Couvade, the, 589; origin of, 185

Coyote, the, malicious, 634; place of soul of, 31 n. 4

Creation, Iranian, out of nothing, 830 n. 3; myths of, 828-833

Creatianism, 37

Creators, American, 678; mutually antagonistic, 831

Creeds, value of elasticity in, 1136

Crests, relation of, to totem, 502

Criminals, detection of, by divination, 918

Cult, synagogal, national character of, 1108

Cults, alien, adoption of, 1148 n. 1; collocation of, 279; individuality of, how obscured, 1153; orgiastic, derived from Asia Minor, 1101; popular, polytheistic, 986

Culture, as basis of classification of religions, 1150

Culture-heroes, 637 ff.

Curse, conditional, 926

Curses and blessings, relation of, to worship, 1090

Customs, mythical origin of, 844 f.

Cyprus, supposed bisexual deity in, 411

Dahomi, cult of indwelling spirit in, 43 n. 2; ghost as family protector in, 533; gods of, 660

Daimonia, Greek, as demons, 890

Dance, Green Corn, Cherokee, 490; Snake, economic, 461 n. 1

Dances, cultic role of, 106 ff.; symbolic, 1032

Danger, magical, origin of, 586

Daniel, book of, resurrection in, 90

Daramulun, origin of, 644

Dead, the, as advocates, 94; as underground deities, 372; Babylonian prayer to, 371; Brahmanic ceremonies for, 96; charms for, 95 n. 5; cult of, 350 ff.; dependent on the living, 361; magical coercion of, 1021

Death, infection of air by, 591; origin of, 834; savage view of, 38

Deconsecration by sacrifice, 1033

Dedication, Jewish feast of, 1089

Deities, female, minor Roman, 803; immoralities of, 1013; nature of, defined by science, 1157; need of caution in approaching, 196; Roman, primitive, 797

Delphi, sacred fire at, 321

Demeter, origin of, 784

Demigods, dedivinization of, 358

Demiurge, Gnostic, 13

Demons, dwelling in plants, 266; exorcism of, 139; future torture by, 75; relation of, to gods, 694; religious utility of, 690

Depravity, total, religious view of, 1172

Devil, the, grandmother of, 643 n. 1; in New Testament, 977

Diana, nature of, 806

Dido, self-immolation of, 1048

Dies Irae, the, 940

Dionysiac cult, partly Hellenized, 1099

Dionysus, history of, 776 ff.

Divination, definition of, 905; organization of, 906

Diviner, the, civil and social recognition of, 908; ecstatic state of, 907

Divinity, tutelary, tenderness for, 653

Doctrines, religious, tried by moral standards, 1164

Dodona, history of oak of, 279

Dog, name of male sacred prostitutes, 1066

Dogmas, religious, philosophical character of, 880

Domestication of animals and plants, relation of, to totemism, 523, 564 ff.

Dough, images of, eaten in Mexico, 222

Dreams, as presages, 921 f.

Dualism, 968 ff.; alleged, of Iroquois, 970; of mind and matter, 1004, 1007; Manichaean, 1115; monachistic, 1121; Persian, 976; savage, 683 ff.

Dukduk, the, police role of, 531

Dupuis, stellar theory of, 864, 866

Durga, reverence for, 693

Dusares, origin of, 764

Dyaks, Sea-, deities of, 659

Dyaus, role of, 734

Dylan, Celtic deity, 974

Dynasties, divine, 721 ff.

Ea, origin and growth of, 756

Eating, whether sacramental in Australia, 128

Eclipses, mythical cause of, 849

Economic questions, relation of religion to, 1163

Ecstasy as condition of revelation, 906 f.

Eden, magical trees of, 275; story of, 959

Effects, magical, how set aside, 886

Egbo, the, police role of, 531

Egypt, abstract gods of, 701; divine animals slain in, 888; kings of, deified after death, 352; phallicism in, 397; power of priests in, 1067; Ptolemaic monks in, 1123; specialized gods in, 666; sun-cult of, 712; tree-worship in, 281; unlucky days in, 611

El, meaning of, 766

Elder, Jewish title, 1110 n. 2

Elegba, phallic character of, 393

Elohim, use of, in Old Testament, 766

Endor, the woman of, 895

Enlil, nature of, 757

Enoch, book of, Azazel in, 692; resurrection in, 90; satans in, 689; Sheol in, 85

Entrails, divination by, 919

Epicurus, atomic theory of, 1008; practical atheism of, 1006

Equinoxes, calendars fixed by, 211, 215 f.; Peruvian ceremonies at, 216

Eremites, Brahmanic, 1122

Erinyes, the, function of, 974

Erythrae, Sibyl of, 937

Eshmun, character of, 764

Eskimo, the animals revered by, 505; destruction of the soul held by, 46

Essenes, the, 1125

Eternal, a term not found in savage thought, 985

Ethics, relation of, to religion, 1161 ff.

Euhemerism, 359, 382

Europe, Islam in, 1146

Evil, moral, existence of, how treated by religion, 1171

Exogamy, origin of, 429 ff.

Expiation by sacrifice, 1033

Eye, the, palpitation of, omen, 916

Ezekiel, taboos in ritual of, 597

Family, the, Polynesian social unit, 485

Fasting, religious, 204-208

Fate, in Homer and Hesiod, 998

Fates, the, 687

Father, the, perils of, 589

Fathers, the, Hindu and Persian, worship paid to, 371

Feasts, communal, economical function of, 1023; funeral, origin of, 190 n. 3, 364; Mithraic, 1043, 1046

Ferryman, souls conducted by, 65

Festivals, licentious, nonreligious, 387; Priapic, 402; religious, influence of, 1089

Fetish, definition of, 230 n. 2; African, cult of, 540

Figures, divine, composite, 725, 861

Fiji, examination of dead in, 78, 81; extinction of soul held in, 48; future punishment in, 72; polypsychism in, 39; village deities in, 482

Fire, sacredness of, 318 ff.; theft of, 318 n. 1

Flood, great, stories of, 832

Folk-lore, material of, 859

Folk-tales, scurrilous feature in, 247

Food, sacramental sharing of, 1023

Force, personal, moral, religious conception of, 1158

Form, literary, of myths, 856

Forms, liturgical, symbolical interpretation of, 1061

Fortune, personalized as deity, 702

Fortunes, human, determined on new year's day, 214

Founders, shrines to, 357; the three great, 1151

Fravashis, the, as guardians, 673

Frazer, J. G., on the death of the god, 1047

Fuegians, fear anger of a supernatural being, 1161

Funerals, buffoonery at, 364 n. 5

Fung-Shui, nature of, 926

Fusion, social, basis of religious unity, 1147

Gad, deity, whether abstract, 699

Gehenna, New Testament conception of, 85

Genealogies, savage and civilized, 840 f.

Genesia, the Greek, 1089

Genesis, book of, accounts of creation in, 830 n. 5; table of nations in, 841

Genius, the, 672; resemblance of, to mana, 233; not a separate personality, 43

Ghosts, Australian belief in, 18; difference of, from gods, 635; fear of, 139, 366; occupations of, 61; police function of, 379; prayers addressed to, 367

Giants, Greek and Teutonic, 686

Gifts, to gods, material of, 1022; utilized by worshipers, 1023

Gilgamesh, adventures of, 853; consultation of, 927; myth of, 959

Girls, marriage of, to trees, 274

God, the, definition of, 635, 643; genesis of, 636

God, Sons of, in Old Testament, 343; transcendence of, 1004

Goddesses, Babylonian and Assyrian, 760 ff.; Egyptian, 729; Greek, 781 ff.; Hindu, 784; maiden, 785; Roman, 803 ff.

Gods, abstract, 695 ff.; ancient, universal, 958; antagonism of, to men, 958; capture of, 290 n. 1; complicated functions of, 708; conflicts between, meaning of, 858; connection of, with planets, 715, 915; death of, 50 n. 5; departmental, development of, 656; identification of, with animals, 577; otiose, Epicurean, 1006; process of growth of, 720; rain, local deities as, 314; relation of their humanization to polytheism and monotheism, 964; separation of, from phenomena, 720; stones entered by, 298; supremacy of, how determined, 724; whether developed out of totems, 577

Golden Rule, the, formulations of, 1162

Goodwin Sands, origin of, 891 n. 8

Grandfather, divine title, 643; chameleon as, 449

Great Hare, the, 856

Great Mother, Ephesian, 789; Phrygian, Roman cult of, 938

Greece, abstract gods of, 702; consultation of dead in, 927; functions of priests in, 1072; omens in, 912; specialized gods in, 667; taboo days in, 603; theistic scheme of, 795

Greek Church, canon of, 1131

Greenland, repair of souls in, 30

Groves, as places of worship, 268

Growth, social, religious, 1015

Guardians, animal, 496; plant, 267

Guinea, New, hunting-charms in, 129; tribal badges in, 445

Hades, god, moral significance of, 780

Hades, place, Greek and Roman gods of, 682; organization of, 69; submarine, 67

Hadith, value of, 1133

Hadrian, address of, to soul, 25 n. 3

Half-sister, marriage with, 428

Hammurabi, code of, ordeal in, 925

Hannibal, oath of, 308

Hanuman, monkey-god, not totemic, 577 n. 3

Haoma, deification of, 270

Haram, Arabian, sanctity of, 1082

Haruspex, function of, 931

Hawaii, death of souls held in, 48; fishery taboos in, 599; despotism of taboo in, 621; overthrow of taboo in, 629

Hearth, sacredness of, 236

Heaven, feeble Semitic recognition of, 753; of Indra, 731

Heaven and Earth, Hindu, 734; Maori, 678; marriage-embrace of, 329

Heavenly bodies, cult of, 328 ff.; sex of, 331

Hebrews, ordeal in law of, 925; taboo days of, 603; tree-cult of, 272

Hekate, function of, 790

Hera, origin of, 782 f.

Heracles, labors of, 853

Heraclitus, sayings of, 1004

Hemaphroditos, 415 f.

Hermes, development of, 772

Herodotus, phallic cults mentioned by, 397

Heroes, cult of, in Greece, 373; in Torres Straits islands, 475; identification of, with animals, 577

Hesiod, division of universe by, 779; half-gods of, 652; unlucky days mentioned by, 611

Hestia, significance of, 787

Hiawatha, how made into a god, 358 n. 5

Hierapolis, phallic cult at, 399

Histories, tribal, in stones, 302

Holocaust, expiation by, 1045

Homage, offering as expression of, 1040

Home, the, as center of religious development, 654

Homer, meaning of dios in, 347

Homilies, Clementine, annihilation in, 52

Honover, the Mazdean, magical use of, 900

Horseshoes, witches restrained by, 145

Horus, conflict of, with Set, 726; kings identified with, 339; original character of, 726; victory of, not absolute, 186

Hubert and Mauss, their theory of sacrifice, 1049 f.

Humanism, 1158

Hymns, Egyptian, Babylonian and Assyrian, Hebrew, Hindu, Avestan, Greek, 1087 f.

Idolatry, role of, 1091 ff.

Images, eaten by Mexicans, 1047; formal development of, 1091; ithyphallic, 389, 402 ff.; symbolical interpretation of, 1093

Immersion, symbolic significance of, 198

Imru'l-Kais, treatment of oracle by, 927

Inca, the, ecclesiastical power of, 1117

Incarnation, Ismailic and Babist, 344

Incense, food of deity, 1025

Incest, cause of horror of, 435

Indecency, savage, 107

India, abstract gods of, 703; birthplace of monachism, 1122; bisexual cult in, 416; harmful Powers not organized in, 975; heaven and hell in, 82; ordeals in, 925; power of priests in, 1070; Sankhya philosophy of, 1007; sun-cult of, 713; theistic bodies in, 1119 n. 3

Individualism, fostered by churches, 1138

Indra, development of, 731, 830

Infibulation, 162

Infinite, the, sense of, 9

Interpretations of sacred books, 1136

Intervention, divine, rejected by science, 1010

Intoxication, inspiration by, 899

Introcision, Australian, 162

Isaiah, book of, supposed mention of phallus in, 398; secret cults described in, 1100 n. 2

Ishtar, origin and development of, 762 f.; descent of, to Hades, 283; myth of, 959

Isis, origin of, 729; late cult of, ceremonies in, 1059; organization of the cult, 1114

Isis, as magician, 729; as model wife and mother, 729

Islam, canon of, 1133; conquests of, 1146 f.; no priesthood in, 1080; not a church, 1116

Ismailic movement, the, 1116

Israel, organization of priesthood in, 1069

Jacob, anointment of stone by, 294

Jainism, a nontheistic church, 1107

Jamnia, synod of, 1130

Janus, nature of, 799

Japan, divinization of emperor in, 346; phallicism in, 395

Jensen, mythical theory of, 870

Jephthah, daughter of, ceremony of mourning for, 845, 1100

Jesus, object of his teaching, 1110; not an Essene, 1125; resurrection of, 1011 n.

Jews, formation of canon of, 1130; genius of, for organization of public religion, 1108

Jubilee, Hebrew, object of, 223

Judaism, diffusion of, 1143; failure of, to create a church, 1108

Juno, nature of, 804

Juno, the, not a separate personality, 43; representative of woman's personality, 804

Jupiter, origin and development of, 798; represented by a stone, 292

Kaaba, the, black stone of, 295

Kafirs, effigies erected by, 370

Kalevala, the, mythology of, 856, 955

Kami, Shinto, meaning of, 645

Karens, the, Christianization of, 1144

Karma, Buddhistic, 1007

Ker, the, as form of soul, 25 n. 3

Khonds, the, deities of, 659

Khuen-Aten, reform of, 989

Kindness to fellows, universal, 1162

Kings, Babylonian, whether worshiped, 341

Koran, the, relation of, to Moslem science, 1135; prayer against witches in, 895

Kore, the, origin of, 786

Korea, Buddhism in, 1142

Krishna, ethical significance of, 733

Kronids, the, governmental role of, 779

Kronos, 768 n. 3

Kteis, the, veneration of, 406

Kybele, cult of, 413

Lamas, Grand, ascription of divinity to, 348

Language, origin of, no myths of, 642

Lao-tsze, system of, 749

Lapis manalis, function of, 289

Lapps, the, primacy of, in magic, 902

Law, civil, relation of, to taboo, 614; idea of, in charms, 1020; natural, germinal conception of, 7; natural, domination of, 1158

League, Iroquois, 489

Legend, connection of, with myth, 859

Lemuria, the, apotropaic element in, 374; prohibition of work in, 602

Leto, Titaness, 788 n. 1

License, in festivals, 135, 219; sexual, adopted by religion, 1163

Life, annihilation of, 46, 51; identified with breath, 21; mysteriousness of, 385; nobility given to, by religion, 1166, 1173; relation of blood to, 23; unitary character of, 14

Light, as symbol, 857; significance of, in myths, 858

Linga, the, worship of, in India, 394

Liver, the, as seat of life, 27; divination by, 919

Living, the, cult of, 336 ff.

Llew, Celtic deity, 974

Loki, not independent creator of evil, 974; tricksy traits in, 638 n. 4

Lot, wife of, 288

Lots, divinatory use of, 918

Love, toward the deity, 5; as a divine personality, 704

Luck, relation of, to magic, 238

Lunation, the, divisions of, 606

Lupercalia, the, purification in, 201

Maccabees, Second, resurrection in, 90

Macrobiotes, 835

Macrobius, on a bisexual cult, 411

Magi, the, Mazdean, 897

Magic, in religion, 1090; methods of, 886; no worship in, 888; relation of, to taboo, 618 f.; to totemism, 574; use of, for procuring food, 129 ff.; when under the ban, 891; white, 901

Magician, office of, preparation for, 894

Magicians, sometimes political rulers, 898 n. 4

Magna Mater of Pessinus, 291

Maia, conjecture as to origin of, 845

Mamertius, expulsion of, 143

Man, early, logicalness of, 246; medicine, 493; prehistoric, whether religious, 12

Mana, definition of, 231-236; producer of sympathy between all things, 886; relation of, to taboo, 586; synonyms of, 231 n. 1

Manichaeism, as a church, 1115; causes of its success, 978

Mantis, Bushman cult of, 257

Mantis, Greek, function of, 931

Marduk, cult of, 758, 990

Marriage, restrictions on, 177 n. 2, 439

Mars, development of, 800; shield of, 845

Martyr, spirit of, where shown, 1167

Masai, the, two chief gods of, 660

Mashalists, Hebrew, 862 n. 1

Massebas, Canaanite, 293

Masters and servants, exchange of places between, 219

Masturbation, savage practice of, 163 n. 1

Materialism, deistic, 1008

Matter, eternity of, 1005, 1007

Maui, Polynesian, role of, 678

Mazdaism, origin and nature of, 740, 745; canon of, 1132

Meal, communal, reconciliation of deity by, 1043; communion in, between human participants, 1044; eucharistic, in "Teaching of the Twelve Apostles," 1046

Medicine man, the, 892

Melanesia, animal incarnations in, 676; cult of divinized men in, 647; descent from totem in, 449; food restrictions in, 454; power of chiefs in, 538; protection of property by taboo in, 600; specialization of divine functions in, 658

Meleager, life of, dependent on a piece of wood, 274

Men, race of, preceding the present, 833

Mendes, goat-god of, 774 n. 6

Meni, god, whether abstract, 699

Mercurius, Roman development of, not traceable, 802

Merneptah, dream of, 922

Mexico, gods of, 664; prominence of priests in, 1075; sun-cult of, 711

Minerva, development of, 807

Miracles, belief in, periods of, 1156 ff.; grounds of objection to, 1011; when not demanded, 1159

Mithra, birth of, 288 n. 2; organisation of cult of, 1113

Mithraism, mysteries of, 1059

Mitra, association of, with Varuna, 730

Mohads, the, organization of, 1116

Monachism, 1121 ff.

Monasteries, functions of, 1127

Monolatry, Hebrew, influence of, 994 f.

Monotheism, alleged savage, 985; development of, 987 ff.

Moon, the, cultic history of, 714

Morabits, the, organization of, 1116

Morality, conflict of, with taboo, 632

Mother, the, magical perils of, 589

Mother, the Great, 1066

Mother-in-law, the, taboos on, 593

Motifs, mythical, tabulation of, 879

Mountains as abodes of souls, 65

Mourning-usages, savage, 363

Mozoomdar, theistic reformation of, 1119

Mueller, F. Max, solar theory of, 865, 876

Mueller, K. O., treatment of myths by, 875

Murder, purification after, 195

Music, temple-, 1088

Mylitta, temple of, prostitution at, 1066

Mysteries, Eleusinian, 845; failure of, 1097 f.; Greek, ceremonies of, 1059; survival of effects of, 1101