16—23.—Retreat of Russians on a front of 155 miles.

20.—Alexander Kerensky becomes Russian premier, succeeding Lvoff.

20.—Drawing of draft numbers for American conscript army begins.

22.—Siam at war with Germany and Austria.

24.—Austro-Germans retake Stanislau.

31.—Franco-British attack penetrates German lines on a 20-mile front.

August

1.—Pope Benedict XV makes plea for peace on a basis of no annexation, no indemnity.

3.—Czernowitz captured by Austro-Germans.

7.—Liberia at war with Germany.

8.—Canadian Conscription Bill passes its third reading in Senate.

14.—China at war with Germany and Austria-Hungary.

15.—St. Quentin Cathedral destroyed by Germans.

15.—Canadian troops capture Hill 70, dominating Lens.

19.—Italians cross the Isonzo and take Austrian positions.

28.—Pope Benedict's peace plea rejected by President Wilson.

September

3.—Riga captured by Germans.

5.—New American National Army begins to assemble in the different cantonments.

7.—Minnehaha, Atlantic Transport liner, sunk off Irish coast.

12.—Argentina dismisses Von Luxburg German minister, on charges of improper conduct made public by United States government.

14.—Paul Painleve becomes French premier, succeeding Ribot.

16.—Russia proclaimed a republic by Kerensky.

20.—Costa Rica breaks with Germany.

21.—Gen. Tasker H. Bliss named Chief of Staff of the United States Army.

25.—Guynemer, famous French flier, killed.

26.—Zonnebeke, Polygon Wood and Tower Hamlets, east of Ypres, taken by British.

28.—William D. Haywood, secretary, and 100 members of the Industrial Workers of the World arrested for sedition.

29.—Turkish Mesopotamian army, under Ahmed Bey, captured by British.

October

6.—Peru and Uruguay break with Germany.

9.—Poelcapelle and other German positions captured in Franco-British attack.

12-16.—Oesel and Dago, Russian islands in Gulf of Riga, captured by Germans.

17.—Antilles, American transport, westbound from France, sunk by submarine; 67 lost.

18.—Moon Island, in the Gulf of Riga, taken by Germans.

23.—American troops in France fire their first shot in trench warfare.

23.—French advance northeast of Soissons.

24.—Austro-Germans begin great offensive on Italian positions.

25.—Italians retreat across the Isonzo and evacuate the Bainsizza Plateau.

26.—Brazil at war with Germany.

27.—Goritzia recaptured by Austro-Germans.

30.—Michaelis, German Chancellor, resigns; succeeded by Count George F. von Hertling.

31.—Italians retreat to the Tagliamento.

31.—Beersheba, in Palestine, occupied by British.

November

1.—Germans abandon position on Chemin des Dames.

3.—Americans in trenches suffer 20 casualties in German attacks.

5.—Italians abandon Tagliamento line and retire on a 93-mile front in the Carnic Alps.

6.—Passchendaele captured by Canadians.

6.—British Mesopotamian forces reach Tekrit, 100 miles northwest of Bagdad.

7.—The Russian Bolsheviki, led by Lenine and Trotzsky, seize Petrograd and depose Kerensky.

8.—Gen. Diaz succeeds Gen. Cadorna as Commander-in-Chief of Italian armies.

9.—Italians retreat to the Piave.

10.—Lenine becomes Premier of Russia, succeeding Kerensky.

15.—Georges Clemenceau becomes Premier of France, succeeding Painleve.

18.—Major General Maude, captor of Bagdad, dies in Mesopotamia.

21.—Ribecourt, Flesquieres, Havrincourt, Marcoing and other German positions captured by British.

23.—Italians repulse Germans on the whole front from the Asiago Plateau to the Brenta River.

24.—Cambrai menaced by British, who approach within three miles, capturing Bourlon Wood.

December

1.—German East Africa reported completely conquered.

1.—Allies' Supreme War Council, representing the United States, France, Great Britain and Italy, holds first meeting at Versailles.

3.—Russian Bolsheviki arrange armistice with Germans.

5.—British retire from Bourlon Wood, Graincourt and other positions west of Cambrai.

6.—Jacob Jones, American destroyer, sunk by submarine in European waters.

6.—Steamer Mont Blanc, loaded with munitions, explodes in collision with the Imo in Halifax harbor: 1500 persons are killed.

7.—Finland declares independence.

8.—Jerusalem, held by the Turks for 673 years, surrenders to British, under Gen. Allenby.

8.—Ecuador breaks with Germany.

10.—Panama at war with Austria-Hungary.

11.—United States at war with Austria-Hungary.

15.—Armistice signed between Germany and Russia at Brest-Litovsk.

17.—Coalition government of Sir Robert Borden is returned and conscription confirmed in Canada.

1918

January

14.—Premier Clemenceau orders arrest of former Premier Caillaux on high treason charge.

19.—American troops take over sector northwest of Toul.

29.—Italians capture Monte di val Belle.

February

1.—Argentine Minister of War recalls military attaches from Berlin and Vienna.

6.—Tuscania, American transport, torpedoed off coast of Ireland: 101 lost.

22.—American troops in Chemin des Dames sector.

26.—British hospital ship, Glenart Castle, torpedoed.

27.—Japan proposes joint military operations with Allies in Siberia.

March

1.—Americans gain signal victory in salient north of Toul.

3.—Peace treaty between Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers signed at Brest-Litovsk.

4.—Treaty signed between Germany and Finland.

5.—Rumania signs preliminary treaty of peace with Central Powers.

9.—Russian capital moved from Petrograd to Moscow.

14.—Russo-German peace treaty ratified by All-Russian Congress of Soviets at Moscow.

20.—President Wilson orders all Holland ships in American ports taken over.

21.—Germans begin great drive on 50-mile front from Arras to La Fere. Bombardment of Paris by German long-range gun from a distance of 76 miles.

24.—Peronne, Ham and Chauny evacuated by Allies.

25.—Bapaume and Nesle occupied by Germans.

29.—General Foch chosen Commander-in-Chief of all Allied forces.

April

5.—Japanese forces landed at Vladivostok.

9.—Second German drive begun in Flanders.

10.—First German drive halted before Amiens after maximum advance of 35 miles.

14.—United States Senator Stone, of Missouri, chairman of Committee on Foreign Relations, dies.

15.—Second German drive halted before Ypres, after maximum advance of 10 miles.

16.—Bolo Pasha, Levantine resident in Paris executed for treason.

21.—Guatemala at War with Germany.

22.—Baron Von Richthofen, premier German flier, killed.

23.—British naval forces raid Zeebrugge in Belgium, German submarine base, and block channel.

May

7.—Nicaragua at war with Germany and her allies.

19.—Major Raoul Lufberry, famous American aviator, killed.

24.—Costa Rica at war with Germany and Austria-Hungary.

27.—Third German drive begins or Aisne-Marne front of 30 miles between Soissons and Rheims.

28.—Germans sweep on beyond the Chemin des Dames and cross the Vesle at Fismes.

28.—Cantigny taken by Americans in local attack.

29.—Soissons evacuated by French.

31.—Marne River crossed by Germans, who reach Chateau Thierry, 40 miles from Paris.

31.—President Lincoln, American transport, sunk.

June

2.—Schooner Edward H .Cole torpedoed by submarine off American coast.

3-6.—American marines and regulars check advance of Germans at Chateau Thierry and Neuilly after maximum advance of Germans of 32 miles. Beginning of American co-operation on major scale.

9-14.—German drive on Noyon-Montdidier front. Maximum advance, 5 miles.

15-24.—Austrian drive on Italian front ends in complete failure.

30.—American troops in France, in all departments of service, number 1,019,115.

July

1.—Vaux taken by Americans.

3.—Mohammed V, Sultan of Turkey, dies.

10.—Czecho-Slovaks, aided by Allies, take control of a long stretch of the Trans-Siberian Railway.

12.—Berat, Austrian base in Albania, captured by Italians.

15.—Haiti at war with Germany.

15.—Stonewall defense of Chateau Thierry blocks new German drive on Paris.

16.—Nicholas Romanoff, ex-Czar of Russia, executed at Yekaterinburg.

17.—Lieut. Quentin Roosevelt, youngest son of ex-President Roosevelt, killed in aerial battle near Chateau Thierry.

18.—French and Americans begin counter offensive on Marne-Aisne front.

19.—San Diego, United States cruiser, sunk off Fire Island.

20.—Carpathia, Cunard liner, used as transport torpedoed off Irish coast. It was the Carpathia that saved most of the survivors of the Titanic in April, 1912.

20.—Justicia, giant liner used as troopship, is sunk off Irish coast.

21.—German submarine sinks three barges off Cape Cod.

23.—French take Oulchy-le-Chateau and drive the Germans back ten miles between the Aisne and the Marne.

30.—Allies astride the Ourcq; Germans in full retreat to the Vesle.

August

1.—Sergeant Joyce Kilmer. American poet and critic, aged 31, dies in battle.

2.—French troops recapture Soissons.

3.—President Wilson announces new policy regarding Russia and agrees to cooperate with Great Britain, France and Japan in sending forces to Murmansk, Archangel and Vladivostok.

3.—Allies sweep on between Soissons and Rheims, driving the enemy from his base at Fismes and capturing the entire Aisne-Vesle front.

7.—Franco-American troops cross the Vesle.

8.—New Allied drive begun by Field Marshal Haig in Picardy, penetrating enemy front 14 miles.

10.—Montdidier recaptured.

13.—Lassigny massif taken by French.

15.—Canadians capture Damery and Parvillers, northwest of Roye.

29.—Noyon and Bapaume fall in new Allied advance.

September

1.—Australians take Peronne.

1.—Americans fight for the first time on Belgian soil and capture Voormezeele.

11.—Germans are driven back to the Hindenburg line which they held in November, 1917.

12.—Registration day for new draft army of men between 18 and 45 in the United States.

13.—Americans begin vigorous offense in St. Mihiel Sector on 40-mile front.

14.—St. Mihiel recaptured from Germans. General Pershing announces entire St. Mihiel salient erased, liberating more than 150 square miles of French territory which had been in German hands since 1914.

20.—Nazareth occupied by British forces in Palestine under Gen. Allenby.

23.—Bulgarian armies flee before combined attacks of British, Greek, Serbian, Italian and French.

25.—British take 40,000 prisoners in Palestine offensive.

26.—Strumnitza, Bulgaria, occupied by Allies.

27.—Franco-Americans in drive from Rheims to Verdun take 30,000 prisoners.

28.—Belgians attack enemy from Ypres to North Sea, gaining four miles.

29.—Bulgaria surrenders to General d'Esperey, the Allied commander.

30.—British-Belgian advance reaches Roulers.

October

1.—St. Quentin, cornerstone of Hindenburg line, captured.

1.—Damascus occupied by British in Palestine campaign.

2.—Lens evacuated by Germans.

3.—Albania cleared of Austrians by Italians.

4.—Ferdinand, king of Bulgaria, abdicates; Boris succeeds

5.—Prince Maximilian new German Chancellor, pleads with President Wilson to ask Allies for armistice.

7.—Berry-au-Bac taken by French.

8.—President Wilson asks whether German Chancellor speaks for people or war lords.

9.—Cambrai in Allied hands.

10.—Leinster, passenger steamer, sunk in Irish Channel by submarine; 480 lives lost; final German atrocity at sea.

11.—Americans advance through Argonne forest.

12.—German foreign secretary, Solf, says plea for armistice is made in name of German people; agrees to evacuate all foreign soil.

12.—Nish, in Serbia, occupied by Allies.

13.—Laon and La Fere abandoned by Germans.

13.—Grandpre captured by Americans after four days' battle.

14.—President Wilson refers Germans to General Foch for armistice terms.

16.—Lille entered by British patrols.

17.—Ostend, German submarine base, taken by land and sea forces.

17.—Douai falls to Allies.

19.—Bruges and Zeebrugge taken by Belgians and British.

25.—Beginning of terrific Italian drive which nets 50,000 prisoners in five days.

31.—Turkey surrenders; armistice takes effect at noon; conditions include free passage of Dardanelles.

November

1.—Clery-le-Grand captured by American troops of First Army.

3.—Americans sweep ahead on 50-mile front above Verdun; enemy in full retreat.

3.—Official reports announce capture of 362,350 Germans since July 15.

3.—Austria surrenders, signing armistice with Italy at 3 P. M. after 500,000 prisoners had been taken.

4.—Americans advance beyond Stenay and strike at Sedan.

7.—American Rainbow Division and parts of First Division enter suburbs of Sedan.

8.—Heights south of Sedan seized by Americans.

9.—Maubeuge captured by Allies.

10.—Canadians take Mons in irresistible advance.

11.—Germany surrenders; armistice takes effect at 11 A. M. American flag hoisted on Sedan front.

THE END