X—NUMBER OF MEMBERS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AFTER EACH APPORTIONMENT

YEAR 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 1850 1840 1830 1820 1810 1800 1890 1880 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Ratio X 1000 212 194 174 152 131 127 93 70 47 40 35 33 33 30 Total under apportionment 433 386 356 325 292 241 234 223 240 213 181 141 105 65 Assigned new States 2 5 1 7 1 2 3 9 2 ... 5 1 1 Alabama 10 9 9 8 8 6 7 7 5 3 Arizona 1 Arkansas 7 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 California 11 8 7 6 4 3 2 2 Colorado 4 3 2 1 1 Connecticut 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 7 7 7 5 Delaware 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Florida 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 Georgia 12 11 11 10 9 7 8 8 9 7 6 4 2 3 Idaho 2 1 1 1 Illinois 27 25 22 20 19 14 9 7 3 1 1 Indiana 13 13 13 13 13 11 11 10 7 3 1 Iowa 11 11 11 11 9 6 2 2 Kansas 8 8 8 7 3 1 Kentucky 11 11 11 11 10 9 10 10 13 12 10 6 2 Louisiana 8 7 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 1 Maine 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 7 7 Maryland 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 8 9 9 9 8 6 Massachusetts 16 14 13 12 11 10 11 10 12 13 13 17 14 8 Michigan 13 12 12 11 9 6 4 3 1 Minnesota 10 9 7 5 3 2 2 Mississippi 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 4 2 1 1 Missouri 16 16 15 14 13 9 7 5 2 1 Montana 2 1 1 1 Nebraska 6 6 6 3 1 1 Nevada 1 1 1 1 1 1 New Hampshire 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 New Jersey 12 10 8 7 7 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 5 4 New Mexico 1 New York 43 37 34 34 33 31 33 34 40 34 27 17 10 6 North Carolina 10 10 9 9 8 7 8 9 13 13 14 12 10 5 North Dakota 3 2 1 1 Ohio 22 21 21 21 20 19 21 21 19 14 6 1 Oklahoma 8 5 Oregon 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 Pennsylvania 36 32 30 28 27 24 25 24 28 26 23 18 13 8 Rhode Island 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 South Carolina 7 7 7 7 5 4 6 7 9 9 9 8 6 5 South Dakota 3 2 2 2 Tennessee 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 11 13 9 6 3 1 Texas 18 16 13 11 6 4 2 2 Utah 2 1 1 Vermont 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 4 2 Virginia 10 10 10 10 9 11 13 15 21 22 23 22 19 Washington 5 3 2 1 West Virginia 6 5 4 4 3 Wisconsin 11 11 10 9 8 6 3 2 Wyoming 1 1 1 1



XI—POPULATION LIVING IN URBAN AND RURAL TERRITORY 1890-1910. URBAN TERRITORY INCLUDES CITIES OF 2,500 OR OVER

1910 1900 1890 Per cent of total population CLASSIFICATION # Population # Population # Population 1910 1900 1890

Total population 91,972,266 75,994,575 62,947,714 100.0 100.0 100.0 Urban territory 2,405 42,623,383 1,894 30,797,185 1,510 22,720,223 46.3 40.6 36.1 1,000,000 or more 3 8,501,174 3 6,429,474 3 3,662,115 9.2 8.5 5.8 500,000 to 1,000,000 5 3,010,667 3 1,645,087 1 806,343 3.3 2.2 1.3 250,000 to 500,000 11 3,949,839 9 2,861,296 7 2,447,608 4.3 3.8 3.9 100,000 to 250,000 31 4,840,458 23 3,272,490 17 2,781,894 5.3 4.3 4.4 50,000 to 100,000 59 4,178,915 41 2,760,477 30 2,027,569 4.5 3.6 3.2 25,000 to 50,000 120 4,062,763 82 2,785,667 67 2,298,765 4.4 3.7 3.7 10,000 to 25,000 374 5,609,208 286 4,409,900 232 3,487,139 6.1 5.8 5.5 5,000 to 10,000 629 4,364,703 477 3,278,518 361 2,495,594 4.7 4.3 4.0 2,500 to 5,000 1,173 4,105,656 970 3,354,276 792 2,713,196 4.5 4.4 4.3

Rural territory 49,348,883 45,197,390 40,227,491 53.7 59.5 63.9 Incorporated towns of less than 2,500 inhabitants 11,784 8,119,528 8,892 6,247,645 6,466 4,719,835 8.8 8.2 7.5 Other rural territory 41,229,355 38,949,745 35,507,656 44.8 51.3 56.4

# - Number of places



XII—TWENTY-FIVE LARGEST CITIES FROM 1880 TO 1910. ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF THEIR RANK

1910 1900 1890 1880 City Population City Population City Population City Population 1 New York 4,766,883 New York 3,437,202 New York 1,515,301 New York 1,206,299 2 Chicago 2,185,283 Chicago 1,698,575 Chicago 1,099,850 Philadelphia 847,170 3 Philadelphia 1,549,008 Philadelphia 1,293,697 Philadelphia 1,046,964 Brooklyn 566,663 4 St. Louis 687,029 St. Louis 575,238 Brooklyn 806,343 Chicago 503,185 5 Boston 670,585 Boston 560,892 St. Louis 451,770 Boston 362,839 6 Cleveland 560,663 Baltimore 508,957 Boston 448,477 St. Louis 350,518 7 Baltimore 558,485 Cleveland 381,768 Baltimore 434,439 Baltimore 332,313 8 Pittsburgh 533,905 Buffalo 352,387 San Francisco 298,997 Cincinnati 255,139 9 Detroit 465,766 San Francisco 342,782 Cincinnati 296,908 San Francisco 233,959 10 Buffalo 423,715 Cincinnati 325,902 Cleveland 261,353 New Orleans 216,090 11 San Francisco 416,912 Pittsburgh 321,616 Buffalo 255,664 Washington 177,624 12 Milwaukee 373,857 New Orleans 287,104 New Orleans 242,039 Cleveland 160,146 13 Cincinnati 363,591 Detroit 285,704 Pittsburgh 238,617 Pittsburgh 156,389 14 Newark 347,469 Milwaukee 285,315 Washington 230,392 Buffalo 155,134 15 New Orleans 339,075 Washington 278,718 Detroit 205,876 Newark 136,508 16 Washington 331,069 Newark 246,070 Milwaukee 204,468 Louisville 123,758 17 Los Angeles 319,198 Jersey City 206,433 Newark 181,830 Jersey City 120,722 18 Minneapolis 301,408 Louisville 204,731 Minneapolis 164,738 Detroit 116,340 19 Jersey City. 267,779 Minneapolis 202,718 Jersey City 163,003 Milwaukee 115,587 20 Kansas City 248,381 Providence 175,597 Louisville 161,129 Providence 104,857 21 Seattle 237,194 Indianapolis 169,164 Omaha 140,452 Albany 90,758 22 Indianapolis 233,650 Kansas City 163,752 Rochester 133,896 Rochester 89,366 23 Providence 224,326 St. Paul 163,065 St. Paul 133,156 Allegheny 78,682 24 Louisville 223,928 Rochester 162,608 Kansas City 132,716 Indianapolis 75,056 25 Rochester 218,149 Denver 133,859 Providence 132,146 Richmond 63,600



The subheading entries are generally in chronological order, not alphabetical.

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INDEX

A

Abercrombie, General. I.

Abolition, the first society formed, III. sentiment growing, III. lull in spirit of, III. "immediate abolition," III. cause of spread of feeling for, III. revival of feeling, III.

Abolitionists, methods of, III. opposition to, in the South and North, III. schism in the ranks of, III. ignored the South's dilemma, III. their opposition to Lincoln and Congress. IV.

Acadia, named, I. ceded to England, I. expulsion of French from, I.

Adams, Charles Francis. III. at the Geneva tribunal, IV.

Adams. John. quoted. II. cautioned not to utter the word "independence," II. signs treaty between England and America, II. a Federalist, II. his overtures to France, II. and the sedition law, II. attended theatres, II. assailed, II., III.

Adams, John Quincy. II. a leading Whig, III. his record, III. defends Jackson. III. and the Amistad case, III. Jackson and, III. as an abolitionist, III. opposed to the gag policy, III.

Adams. Samuel. II.

Agriculture in the South, IV. VI.

Aguinaldo, Emilio. V. and Admiral Dewey, V. and insurgent forces at Manila, V. president of republic, V. capture, V.

Aix-la-Chapelle. I.

Alabama and secession, III. suffrage, V.

Alabama claims, the, IV.

Alabama, the, destructive career of, IV. shattered by the Kearsarge, IV.

Alaska, the fisheries question in, IV. its purchase, IV. its resources, IV. constituted a civil and judicial district, V. boundary question, V. census, V. products of, VI. Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, VI. population, 1910, VI.

Albany, begun, I. convention, I., II.

Albemarle, the iron-clad. IV.

Albuquerque, New Mexico, VI.

Aldrich, Senator Nelson W., VI.

Aldrich-Payne Bill. VI.

Aldrich-Vreeland Act, the, VI.

Alexander, chief of the Pokanokets. I.

Alger, R. A., Secretary of War, and army equipment, V.

Algiers, the Dey of, II.

Allefonsce. Jean, I.

Allen, Ethan, at Ticonderoga and Crown Point. II.

Ambrister, III.

Amelia Island seized, III.

Amendment. See Fourteenth Amendment.

America before Columbus, Introduction, I. age and origin of man in, 21; brute inhabitants of, 30; plants, fruits, and trees in, 31; alleged discoveries of, before Columbus, 37; Basques, Bretons, and Normans in, 37; discovered by Columbus, 55; illusions of Columbus concerning. 57; origin of name, 58, 61.

America, Spain gets most of, I. confusion of ideas concerning, I. earliest legislative body in, I. the first Swedish colony in, I. origin of political institutions in. I. the French in, I. the English in, I. treaty of France with, II. receives help from France, II. peace negotiations and treaty between England and, II. See United States.

American Civic Association, VI.

American Protective Association, V. Rail way Union strike, V.

Americanism, III.

Americans, primordial, unlike Asiatics, I. differences between their branches, I. varieties of, I.

Amerigo Vespucci, his voyages and discoveries, I.

Ames, Fisher, his words on Washington. II. urges ratification of Jay's treaty, II.

Ames, Oakes, and the Credit Mobilier, IV.

Amherst. General. I.

Amistad case, the, III.

Anarchists, V.

Anderson, Major Robert, at Fort Moultrie and Fort Sumter, III. in charge of Department of the Cumberland, III.

Andre, Major, II.

Andros, Sir Edmund, governor, I. leaves New England, I; in New York, I.

Anglo-American Arbitration Treaty, V.

Annapolis convention, the, II.

Annapolis founded, I.

Anne, Queen, War of, I.

Antietam, battle of, IV.

Appomattox, Lee's surrender at, IV.

Arbitration, International Court of, organized 1901, VI. chief features of, VI. advantages of, VI. convened for first time, VI. Pious Fund case, VI. Venezuela case, VI. permanent headquarters of, VI.

Arbuthnot, III.

Arctic exploration, VI.

Argall, Captain, the voyages of, I.

Argentina, S. A., progress of, VI. Atlantic fleet at, VI.

Arizona, VI. constitution of, VI. population and products of, VI.

Arkansas and secession, III.

Arlington, Lord, I.

Armed neutrality, the, II.

Army, the, discontent in, at close of the Revolution, II. in war with Spain, V. II. in Philippines, II. reorganization and reform in, VI. in China, VI.

Arnold, Benedict, attacks Quebec, II. the hero of the battle of Bemis Heights, II. turns traitor, II.

Art in United States, IV.

Arthur, Chester A., IV.

Ashburton, Lord, III.

Asser, M., VI.

Assistance, writs of, II.

"Associated Youths," the, II.

Atlanta Exposition, V.

Atlanta, taking of the city of, IV.

Atlanta, the iron-clad, IV.

Atlantic fleet, cruise of, VI.

Atwood, H. K., VI.

Auckland, Atlantic fleet at, VI.

Australian ballot, V., VI.

Automobiles, VI.

Ayllon, Vasquez de, cruise of, I.

B

Bacon's Rebellion, I.

Bailey, The Alonzo, case, VI.

Bainbridge, Captain, II.

Baker, Colonel, killed, III.

Balboa, Vasco Nunez de, discovers the Pacific, I.

Ball's Bluff, fight at, III.

Ballinger, Richard A., Secretary of the Interior, VI.

Baltimore, Lord. See Calvert, Sir George.

Baltimore, Md., population of, in 1800, II. streets lighted with gas, III. savings banks in, III. riot at opening of Civil War, III. General Butler subdues, III. strike at, IV. fire of 1904, VI.

Bank, United States, II. death of the old, birth of the new, III. Andrew Jackson and the, III.

Banking, VI. laws regulating, VI.

Banks, General, IV.

Baptists, favored by Charles II., I. warring with Quakers, I; spread of, II. on war of, II; in the fourth decade, III.

Barbary powers, troubles with the, II.

Barclay, Commodore, at battle of Lake Erie, II.

"Barnburners," III.

Barrill, Edward M., VI.

Barron, Commodore, II. attacked at Chesapeake Bay, II.

Barton, Clara, and the Red Cross Society aid Cuban reconcentrados, V.

Bartram, the Quaker botanist, I.

"Battle above the Clouds," the, IV.

Baume, General II.

Beachey, Lincoln, VI.

Beauregard, General, before Sumter, III. at Manassas and Bull Run, II. at battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, IV.

Beck, Assistant Attorney-General, quoted on trusts, VI.

Bell, Alexander G., and the telephone, IV.

Bell and Everett, III.

Belmont, August, VI.

Bemis Heights, battles of, II.

Bennington, defence of, II.

Benton, III.

Bentonville, battle of, IV.

Berkeley, Sir William, governor of Virginia, I. New Jersey made over to, I. and Bacon's rebellion, I. proprietary of Carolina, I.

Berlin decree, the, II.

Bessemer steel, III. in the South, IV.

Beveridge, Albert J., VI. Beveridge-Parsons Bill, VI. Tariff Commission Bill, VI.

Bicycle, V., VI.

Big Bethel, fight at, III.

Billeting Act, the, II.

Bi-metalism, international, envoys to the powers, V.

Birney, James G., his office sacked, III. and the Liberty Party, III.

"Blackbeard," I.

"Black Friday," IV.

Blaine, James G., IV. his campaign for the presidency, IV., V. proposed congress of American nations, VI.

Blair, F. P., IV.

Blair, Rev. Dr., I.

Bleriot, French aviator, VI.

Blockade of the southern ports, IV. running, IV. expeditions to aid, IV.

Bloody Brook, I.

Bobadilla supersedes Columbus, I.

Boer war issue in campaign of 1900, V.

Booth, John Wilkes, assassinates Lincoln, IV. captured and killed, IV.

Boston, I. feeling in, toward bishops, I. streets lighted, I. the massacre at, II. tea party, II. General Gage in, II. population of, in, II. in panic of 1837. III. savings banks in, III. its clearing-house, III. international peace conference at, VI. topics discussed at Peace conference at, VI. foreigners in, VI.

Bowdoin, Governor, II.

Boxer Rebellion, the, VI.

Braddock, Sir Edward, in French and Indian War, I.

Bradford, Governor, I. his reply to the Dutch, I.

Bragg, General, invades Kentucky, IV. 47; at Stone River, 48, 49, 50; at Chickamauga and Chattanooga, 50-60; his army broken up, 61.

Brandywine, battle of, II.

Brant, Joseph, II.

Breckenridge, his nomination, III.

Breed's Hill, II.

Brooklyn Bridge, the, IV.

Brooks, James, and the Credit Mobilier, IV.

Brooks, Preston S., his attack on Sumner, III. challenges Wilson and Burlingame, III.

Brougham, Lord, his words on Washington, II.

Brown, General, I.

Brown, John, his raid, III.

Brush, Charles G., and electric lighting. IV.

Bryan, William J., free silver speech, Democratic convention, 1896, V. nominated for President, 1896, V. nominated for President, 1900, V., VI. nominated for President, 1908, VI. characteristics of, VI.

Buchanan, III. his vacillation, III.

Buckner, General Simon B., IV., V.

Buell, General, at battle of Pittsburg Landing, IV. Louisville, IV.

Buffalo, Pan-American Exposition, V.

Bull Run, battle of, III. General Sherman's words concerning, III. effect of, III. loss at, III. second battle of, IV.

Bunau-Varilla, M., Panama diplomatic agent at Washington, VI.

Bunker Hill, battle of. II.

Burgoyne, General, his advance on upper New York, II. takes Ticonderoga, II. his advance on Fort Edward, II. his situation critical, II. retreats to Saratoga, II. his defeat and surrender, II.

Burlingame, Anson, challenged by Brooks, III.

Burns, Anthony, rendition of, III.

Burnside, General, at Knoxville. IV. in command of Army of Potomac, IV. at Fredericksburg, IV. resigns, IV. at Petersburg, IV.

Burr, Aaron, Vice-President, II. his rise, II. kills Hamilton, II. his treason, II. his arrest, II.

Burroughs, George, condemned for witchcraft, I.

Butler, General B. F., at Baltimore, III. at Fortress Monroe, III. at New Orleans, IV. "bottled up" at Bermuda Hundred, IV.

C

Cable, the Atlantic, III. submarine, from United States to Europe, IV. new, to England, IV.

Cabot, John, discoveries of, I.

Cabot, Sebastian, I.

Caldwell, Rev. James, II.

Calhoun, John C., II. his election as Vice-President, III. wishes Jackson censured, III. his record and ability, III. his views on the tariff, III. advocates annexation of Texas, III. his theory of popular sovereignty, III. and the Creole case, III.

California, exploration and seizure, III. increase in population, III. gold in, III. early law in government, III. applies for statehood, III. a state, III., IV.

Calvert, Sir George, Lord Baltimore, plants colony at Newfoundland, I. sails for Virginia, I. Maryland is granted to, I. his death, I. settles Maryland, I. and Clayborne, I. wise and conciliatory, I. compared with Roger Williams, I. his character. I. defied, I. sustained by Cromwell, I.

Calvert, Philip, made governor of Maryland, I.

Cambalu, I.

Camden, battle of, II,

Canada, triple movement of, I. the cession of, II. hostility for, II. the advance on, in war of 1812, II. and the fisheries question, IV. emigration to, VI. IV. reciprocity with, IV.

Canals in United States, III., VI.

Cannon, Joseph G., VI.

Cape Ann settlement, I.

Carleton, Sir Guy, II.

Carnegie, Andrew, and the steel trade, VI. donation of, for palace of peace, VI. on conservation of minerals, VI. notable gifts of, VI. Carnegie Institution, VI.

Carolina, its constitution, I. conflict of parties in, I. population of, in 1700 and later, I. the clergy in, I. See North Carolina and South Carolina.

Carolina Fort, I.

Carroll, George W., Prohibitionist candidate, VI.

Carteret, Sir George, I.

Cartier, voyages and explorations, I.

Carver, Governor, I.

Casco, treaty of, I.

Castlereagh, Lord. II.

Catherine of Russia, organizing the Armed Neutrality, II.

Catholics, in Maryland, I. in United States, IV.

Cavendish, Lord, urges return of troops, II.

Cavendish, Thomas, sails around the world, I.

Census, twelfth, V. thirteenth, VI. permanent bureau established, VI.

Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876, IV.

Cervera, Admiral, V.

Chaffee, General Adna R., military governor Philippines, V.

Chambersburg burned, IV.

Champlain, Lake, explored, I.

Champlain, Sieur de, founds Quebec, I. his western trials, I.

Chantilly, battle of, IV.

Chapin, Eugene W., Prohibition candidate, VI.

Charitable institutions in United States, III,

Charles I., indifference of, to Virginia colony, I. grants charter to Massachusetts Bay Company, I.

Charles II. and Massachusetts colony, I. his views of political rights of Massachusetts colony, I. favors Baptists and Quakers, I. his vengeance delayed, I. and Connecticut, I. and Rhode Island, I. and Virginia, 277. I. words on Berkeley, I.

Charles V. of Spain, I.

Charleston, defence of harbor, II. besieged, II. population of, in 1800, II. taken by Sherman, IV. Dupont's attack on, IV.

Charlestown settled, I.

Charter Oak, the, I.

Chase, Secretary, IV.

Chattanooga, movements around, IV. lumber trade and tannery of, IV.

Cherokees, the, II., VI.

Cherry Valley, massacre at, III.

Chesapeake affair, the, II.

Chicago, first appearance of the word, I. in 1830, III. progress of, III. become a great money lender to the West, IV. fire, IV. Columbian Exposition, V. drainage canal, VI. foreigners in, VI.

Chickamauga, battle of, IV. the "Rock of," IV.

Chickasaws, the, II., VI.

Child-labor in United States, VI.

Chile, the Itata incident, V. Atlantic fleet at, VI.

China, friendly relations between the United States and, VI. trade with, VI. "open door" policy in, VI. Boxer Rebellion in, VI. neutrality of, VI. Russia's influence in, VI. Atlantic fleet in, VI.

Chinese labor in the United States, IV., V., VI. students in the United States, VI. Exclusion Act, VI.

Chloroform first used, III.

Choctaws, the, II., VI.

Christmas not observed in New England, II.

Church, Captain, in King Philip's war, I.

Cincinnati laid out, II.

City Government, commission plan of, VI.

Civil Service, Andrew Jackson and the, III.

Civil service reform, IV. Cleveland and, IV., V. McKinley and, V. Roosevelt and, VI. Taft and, VI.

Civil war, the, causes of, III. an irrepressible conflict, III. opening of, at Sumter, III. begun, III. the three lines of campaign, IV. plan of campaign of 1864-65, IV. Virginia campaigns of 1862-63. IV. close of, at Appomattox, IV. military service in, and number of killed and wounded, IV. naval operations of, IV. expenses of, IV. measures to payoff debt of, IV.

Clark, John, of Newport, I.

Clay, Henry, II., III. the most interesting figure of the Whig Party, III. his record, III. his power as an orator, III. his duel with Randolph, III. his wit, III. a pleader for the Missouri Compromise, III. forces the bank question forward, III. opposes annexation of Texas, III. his omnibus bill, III. and the Creole case, III.

Clayborne, and Lord Baltimore, I. his insurrection, I.

Clergy, the, in the colonies, I.

Cleveland, Grover, elected President, IV. and the civil service, IV. on the tariff, IV., V. campaign and election, 1892, V. second administration, V. Venezuela message, V. riot proclamation, V. and Cuba, V., VI.

Clinton, General, II. sends out plundering parties, II. at Charleston, II. his severity, II. returns to New York, II. deceived by Washington, II.

Coal, anthracite, discovered, II. waste of, VI. conservation of, VI. in South, VI.

Coinage, Andrew Jackson and, II., Ill., IV., V.

Cold Harbor, the fight at, IV.

Colfax, Schuyler. IV.

Coligny, Admiral, I.

Colleges, founded in America, in colonial times, I. social differences in, I. commencements, II.

Colonies, the governmental institutions in, I. the relation of, to England, I. classification of, I. constitutional and governmental changes in the, I. rights claimed by, I. attitude of, toward taxation, I., II. population of, at different dates, I. intellectual ability in, I. English Church in the, I. the clergy in the, I. opposition to episcopacy in, I. colleges and schools in, I. newspapers in, I., II. libraries in, I. postal service in, I., II. learned professions in, I. epidemics in, I. scholars and artists in, I. travelling in, I., II. manufactures and commerce in, I. houses in, I. food and clothing in, I. social differences in, I. redemptioners in, I. penal legislation in, I. French and Indian war a military training for, II. union of, II. George III. and, II. England ignorant of, II. effect of the Stamp Act on, II. desire for independence in, II. effect of Declaration of Independence on, II.

Colonization Society, American, III.

Colorado, made a State, IV. mineral discoveries in, IV.

Columbian Exposition, the World's Fair, V.

Columbus, Christopher, influence of reading of travels on, I. his birth, early life, and marriage, I. his studies, I. his theory of reaching Asia by sailing west, I. his appeals for aid, I. lays his project before Ferdinand and Isabella, I. his contract with Isabella, I. sails from Palos, I. his voyage, I. discovers America, I. later voyages and discoveries, I. superseded by Bobadilla, I. his illusions concerning America, I. his death, I.

Comer, Rev. John, I.

Commerce and Labor, Department of, created, VI. attitude of, toward Chinese immigration, VI.

Commerce Commission, Interstate, VI.

Commission of 1664, I.

Concord, fight at, II. Emerson's lines on, II.

Cone, Dr. Spencer H., III.

Confederacy, its government organized, III. its constitution, III. its prospects, III. collapse of, IV. naval operations of the, IV. England sides with, IV. Napoleon III. aids, IV. finances of, IV.

Confederation, the Articles of, II. bound the States together, II. faults of, II. advantages of, II. propositions to reform the, II. no fundamental law, II.

Congregationalists nearly all Federalists, II.

Congress, the first Continental, II. petition by, sent to England, II. adjourns to Baltimore, II. gives thanks for close of Revolutionary war, II. the Revolutionary, II. its powers, II. personnel of, II. thoroughness of first constitutional, II. censures Andrew Jackson, III. an extra session of, in panic of 1837, III. treatment of anti-slavery petitions by, III. inaction of, toward the South, III. and President Johnson, IV. takes measures to protect the negroes, IV. resolution declaring Cuba free, V. extra session, tariff, V. national defence fund voted, V. on occupancy of Cuba, V. government of Cuba, V. on Philippines, V. Filipinos, V. congressional apportionment, V. San Francisco relief fund voted, VI. increase of members of House of Representatives, VI. Progressives in, VI.

Congress, the, burned, IV.

Connecticut, settlement of, I. population of towns of, in 1643. I. and Charles II., I. liberal charter of, I. prosperity of, I. its boundary disputes, I. in fear of Dutch attacks, I. and Andros, I. valley of, invaded during King Philip's war, I. population of, in 1754, I. ratifies the Constitution, II. corporation laws, III.

Conservation of nation's resources, White House conference on, VI. first national commission created, 134; North American Conservation Congress, 135.

Constitution, the, James Madison the father of, II. rise of the new, II. completion and ratification of, II. signed, II. launching the, II. benefits from, II. popularity of, II. Federalists and anti-Federalists on interpretation of, II. XIIth amendment to, II. broad construction of, III. ambiguity of, on slavery, III. precludes possibility of secession, III.

Constitutional Union party, III.

Constructionists, close and liberal, II.

Continental Congress. See Congress.

Contraband of war, IV.

Contract debts between nations, resolution concerning, VI.

Contrecoeur at Great Meadows, I.

Cook, Dr. Frederick A., Arctic expedition of, VI.

Cooper, Peter, III. and the Greenback Party, IV.

Copley, Sir Lionel, governor of Maryland, I.

Copperheads denounce the war as cruel and needless, IV.

Copyright, international, V.

Corinth, battle of, IV,

Corliss engine, the, IV.

Cornell, Ezra, and telegraphy, III.

Cornwallis, General, follows Washington across New Jersey, II. at the battle of Camden, II. his triumphal march north, II. at Guilford Court-House, II. retreats to Virginia, II. at Yorktown, II. his surrender, II.

Corporation laws in the fourth decade, III.

Corregan, Charles E., Socialist Labor Party candidate, VI.

Correo, I.

Cortelyou, George B., Secretary of the Department of Commerce and Labor, VI. manager Republican campaign 1904, VI. brings to New York city aid from U. S. Treasury surplus, VI.

Cortez, Hernando, conquers Mexico, I.

Costume in United States in the fourth decade, III.

Cotton, tariff on, III., VI. slavery and, III. crops after the war, IV. production of, in the South, VI.

Coxey, industrial army, V.

Crandall, Miss Prudence, her school destroyed, III.

Credit Mobilier, the, IV.

Creeks, the, II. Andrew Jackson conquers, II., VI.

Creole case, the, III.

Crittenden, III. his compromise, III.

Crompton's mule-jenny, II.

Cromwell requires submission of colony, I.

Crown Point taken, II.

Cuba, efforts of Lopez to conquer, III. United States and, III., V. and Spain, V. U. S. endeavors to purchase, V. Santiago campaign, V. U. S. Congress on, V. U. S. military government, V. sanitary and educational reform, V. census, V. constitutional convention, V. republic, V., VI. government organized, VI. attitude of the United States toward, VI. United States reciprocity with, VI.

Culpeper, Lord, I.

Cumberland, the army of, IV.

Cumberland, the, sunk by the Merrimac, IV.

Curtis, G. W., IV.

Curtiss, Glenn R., VI.

Cushing, Caleb, IV.

Cushing, Lieutenant, blows up the Albemarle, IV.

Czolgosz, Leon, Assassinates President McKinley, V.

D

Dale, Commodore, expedition of, II.

Dale, governor of Virginia, I.

Dam, the Roosevelt, VI. the Shoshone, VI.

Danbury Hatters case, the, VI.

Dare, the name of the first child of English parents born in America, I.

Dartmouth College, decision of the United States Supreme Court, III.

Davies, Rev. Samuel, his words concerning Washington, I.

Davis, Henry G., nominated for Vice-president, VI.

Davis, Jefferson, in Mexican war III. chosen President of the Confederacy, III. his career and powers, III. sends cannon to St. Louis boxed up, III. and his government leave Richmond, IV. his capture, IV. excluded from Mexican war pension, V.

Debs, Eugene V., Social Democratic Party candidate, VI.

Debt, the Federal, at close of the Revolution, II. the foreign debt, II. domestic debt, II. state debt, II. scheme for payment, II. reduction of national, IV.

Decatur, II.

Declaration of Independence, II. mooted, II. drafted, passed, and signed, II. the language and spirit of, II. its effect, II.

"Declaratory Act," the, II.

De Kalb, General, II. the hero of Camden, II.

Delaware, Lord, governor of Virginia, I. his mild sway, I.

Delaware, settlement begun, I. intimately related to Pennsylvania, I. its legislature, I. population in 1700 and later, I. ratifies the Constitution, II. and secession, III.

De Lesseps, Ferdinand, VI.

De Lome, Dupuy, V.

Democratic Party, the origin of, II. enters a long lease of power, II. its policy, II. and the tariff, III. in 1840, III. favored annexation of Texas, III. and Whigism, III. revolt from, at the North, III. disagreements in, III. wished to compromise with the South, III. opposition of, to the administration on slavery question, IV. views of, on effect of secession, IV. recovery of power by, IV. tariff policy of, IV., V. convention 1896, V. defeat, V. in campaign 1900, V. defeat, V. convention of, 1904, VI. convention of 1908, VI. platform of, 256, VI.

Demont, Adjutant, treason of, II.

Deneen, Governor Charles S., VI.

Depew, Chauncey M., quoted, VI. 25.

Des Moines, Iowa, adopts commission plan of government, VI.

Dewey, Commodore George, in Manila Bay, V. Schley court of inquiry, V. and Aguinaldo, V.

Dickinson, Jacob M., Secretary of War, VI.

Dickinson, John, of Pennsylvania, II.

Dighton Rock, the writing on. I.

Dingley, Nelson, chairman, V.

Dingley Tariff Bill, V. 204; VI.

"Dollar of the Fathers," the, IV.

Dolliver, Senator, of Iowa, VI.

Donelson, Fort, capture of. IV.

Douglas, Judge, and the Missouri compromise, III. his "squatter sovereignty," III. his theory, III. how far he was right, III. his nomination, III. his voice for war, III.

Drake, Sir Francis, sails around world, I. takes Virginia settlers back to England, I.

Du Lhut, explorations of, I.

Dupont, Flag-Officer, IV. tries to seize Charleston, IV.

Duquesne, Fort, I.

Durand, E. Dana, VI.

Dustin, Hannah, I.

Dutch, the honesty of, I. their relations with the Plymouth colonists, I. conquest of, by the English, I. persistence of influence and traits of, I. war of, with Indians, I. treaty of, with Indians, I. Connecticut in fear of, I. conquest of, by the English in New Netherland, I.

Dutch West India Company, the, I., III.

Dwight, Timothy, his sermon to Gates's soldiers, II. quoted, II.

E

Eagan, Commissary-General, and Army equipment, V.

Early, General, his advance against Washington, IV. burns Chambersburg, IV. defeated at Opequon Creek, IV. completely routed, IV.

Eaton, Major, and his wife, III.

Edison, Thomas A., and electric lighting, IV., V.

Education, General, Board, VI.

Educational Institutions, VI.

Edwards, Jonathan, I.

Electoral Commission of 1877, the, IV.

Electoral Count Act, the, IV.

Electric lighting, IV.

Electricity, V. new uses of, VI.

Elevated railroads, IV.

Elizabeth, Queen, names Virginia, I.

Ellsworth, Colonel, killed, III.

Ellsworth, Oliver, II.

Emancipation, laws to hinder, III. Proclamation, III. growth of feeling for, IV. universal, IV.

Emergency currency, VI.

Emerson, R. W., quoted,

Emigration to Canada, VI.

England made little effort to explore New World, I. conquest of New Netherland by, I. in the heart of America, I. relations of American colonies to, I. in King William's war, I. English population in America, I. causes of colonial strength of, I. her plans in French and Indian war, I. her wars a heavy drain, II. tries to force navigation laws, II. her ignorance of the American colonies, II. her attitude toward taxation of the colonies, II. her difficulties at close of the Revolution, II. involved in four wars, II. peace negotiations and treaty between America and, II. clung to western posts after the Revolution, II. determined to monopolize America's foreign trade, II. Federalist leaning toward, II. impresses seamen, II. seizes French goods in American vessels, II. her attitude toward United States, II. tried to prevent knowledge of new machinery reaching America, II. ignores international law, II. she questions the neutrality of the United States, II. and the Oregon question, III. attitude of, in the civil war, IV. and the Alabama claims, IV. and the fisheries dispute, IV.

English, the. See England.

English Church, agitation in Maryland in favor of, I. in the colonies, I.

English, William H., IV.

Epidemics in Colonial America, I.

Ericson, Lief, his sail to America, I.

Ericson, Thorwald, I.

Erie, battle of Lake, II.

Erskine, Lord, his words on Washington, II.

Eskimos, traditions among, concerning Frobisher's visits, I.

Ether, III.

Eutaw Springs, battle of, II.

"Evangeline," history, I.

Evans, Oliver, II.

Evans, Rear-Admiral R. D., VI.

Evarts, William M., IV. delivers oration at Centennial celebration, IV.

Everett, Edward, III. his nomination, III.

Excise, the, in Washington's administration, II.

F

Factory system, beginning of, in United States, II.

Fairbanks, Charles W., nominated for Vice-president, VI.

Fair Oaks, battle of, IV.

Farmers' Free List Bill, VI.

Farms in United States, VI.

Farragut, Commodore, at New Orleans, IV. at Mobile harbor, IV.

Federal Convention of 1787, the, II. personnel of the, II.

Federalism and anti-Federalism, II. origin and development of the terms, II. policy of, II. Federalists, aristocratic, II. two kinds of Federalists, II. policy of anti-Federalists, II. Federalist and anti-Federalist arguments on Article 1., section VIII. of Constitution, II. Federalist leaning toward England, II. Federalistic and anti-Federalistic feeling toward the French Revolution. II. Federalists in the ascendant in the VIth Congress, II. Federalist excesses and sedition, II. results of the Federalist policy, II. animus of Federalists, II. unpopularity of Federalism, II. Federalist discussion, II. Federalist opposition to the administration, II. Federalist strength waning, II. its after influence, II. opposition of Federalists to war of 1812, II.

Federalist and anti-Federalist. See Federalism.

"Federalist, The," II.

Fendall, governor of Maryland, his rebellion, I.

Ferdinand VII. of Spain, III.

Ferdinand and Isabella, Columbus appeals to, I.

Field, Cyrus W., and the Atlantic cable, III.

Filipino insurgents at Manila, V. characteristics, V. secret leagues, V. and U. S., V.

Fillmore, Millard, III.

Financial crisis of 1857, III.

Finnborge, I.

Fish, Hamilton, IV.

Fisher, Fort, taken, IV.

Fisheries dispute, the, IV. clause relating to, in treaty of 1783, IV. effects of war of 1812 on, IV. treaty of 1818 provisions, IV. reciprocity in, IV. effect on, of Canadian act of confederation, IV. effect of treaty of Washington on, IV. severe measures of Canada in, IV. Mr. Phelps's words on, IV. Mr. Bayard and, IV. the commission and treaty, IV. in Alaska, IV. seal dispute, V.

Fitch, John, II.

Five Forks, battle of, IV.

Fletcher, Governor, of Pennsylvania, I.

Florida, Ponce de Leon lands on coast of, I. Narvaez's expedition into, I. French settlement in, I. hostilities between France and Spain in, I. her disputed boundary, III. West Florida occupied, III. East Florida seized, III. sold by Spain, III. its attitude on secession, III. improvement in, of late years, IV.

Floyd. J. B., treason of, III. at Fort Donelson, IV.

Flying machines, VI.

Folk, Governor, of Missouri, VI.

Foote, Commodore, at Forts Henry and Donelson, IV.

Force Act, the, of 1871. IV.

Forestry, division of, established, VI.

Forests, conservation of, VI. waste of, in South, VI.

Fourteenth Amendment, the, IV.

Fowler Bill, the, VI.

Fox, George, and Roger Williams, I.

France, hostilities in Florida between Spain and, I. Nova Scotia assigned to, I. in the heart of America, I. takes possession of Texas, I. advantages of, in King William's war, I. French population in America, I. vigilance and aggression of, in America, I. expulsion of the French from Acadia, I. surrenders American territory to England, I. treaty of, with America, II. lends aid to America, II. revolution in, II. arguments for United States aiding, II. justification of Washington's policy toward, II. violates the treaty, II. reciprocates in grievances, II. effect of Jay's treaty on, II. further overtures to, II. and Florida, III. spoliation claims against, III.

Franchise Tax Law, VI.

Franklin, Benjamin, II. his plan for general government over English America, I., II. his words concerning the Earl of Loudon, I. his words at the signing of the Declaration of Independence, II. his popularity and influence in France, II. conducts peace negotiations, II. a master in diplomacy, II.

Fraser, General, II.

Fredericksburg, the attack at, IV.

"Free Soilers," III.

Fremont, John C., in California, III. head of the Western Department, III. his difficulties. III., IV.

French, the. See France.

French and Indian. war, the, I. England's plans in, I. Braddock in, I. results of, II. a military training for the colonies, II. produced union of the colonies, II. removed a dangerous neighbor to the colonies, II.

French Panama Company, VI.

French Revolution, the, II.

Frobisher, Martin, tries for a northwest passage, I. his second expedition, I. third expedition, I. tradition concerning visits of, among the Esquimos, I.

Frontenac, Count, I. in King William's war, I.

Fry, Sir Edward, VI.

Fugitive slave law, III. the new, III.

Fuller, Dr. Richard, III.

Fuller, Chief Justice, VI.

Fulton and the steamboat, II.

Funston, General Frederick, captures Aguinaldo, V.

G

Gag law, III.

Gage, General, in Boston, II. evacuates Boston, II.

Gaines, General, in Florida, III.

Gaines's Mill, battle of, IV.

"Gallomaniacs," II.

Galveston, Texas, flood, VI. plan of city government, VI. port of, VI.

Garfield, James A., elected President, IV. assassinated, IV.

Garrison and the "Liberator", III. his position supported by many able men, III. his words on anti-abolition feeling in the North, III. very radical, III.

Garros, Ronald G., VI.

Gaspe affair, the, II.

Gates, General, succeeds Schuyler, II. at battles of Stillwater, II. at battle of Camden, II. removed, II.

Gates, John W., VI.

Genet, his high-handed action, II. his insolence and final removal, II.

Geneva tribunal, the, IV.

George, King, war of, I.

George III. and the American colonies, II. his character and policy, II. and the tea shipments, II. resolves upon coercion, II. denounces Americans as rebels, II. preparing to place mercenaries in arms against America, II. his resolution not to yield to America, II.

Georgia, colony of, I. ratifies the Constitution. II. its attitude on secession, III. attitude of, at close of the war, IV.

Germain, Lord, his criminal negligence, II.

Germantown, battle of, II.

Gettysburg, battle of, IV. losses at, IV.

Ghent, the Treaty of, II., IV.

Giddings, resolutions, III.

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, visits America, I.

Gist, Governor, of South Carolina, III.

Gladstone. W. K, his words on Washington, II

Gold, search for, in America, I. 82; coinage, III., IV., V. discovered in California, III. excitement, III. yield, III. speculation in, IV. discovered in Yukon, Klondike, Nome, V. standard law, V. world's supply of, 1890 and 1907, VI. demands for, made on foreign countries, VI. from Alaskan mines, VI.

Gold-Democratic convention, Indianapolis, 1896, V.

Gomez, General, raises Cuban flag, VI.

Goodyear vulcanizes rubber, III.

Gourgues, Dominic de, I.

Grant, U. S., at the taking of Mexico, III. occupies Paducah, III. his capture of Forts Henry and Donelson. IV. at Corinth and Shiloh, IV. his plan of attacking Vicksburg, IV. his movements against Vicksburg, IV. his movements about Chattanooga, IV. made Lieutenant-General, IV. comes East, IV. in the Wilderness, IV. his "movements by the left flank," IV. at Spottsylvania, IV. at the North Anna, IV. at Cold Harbor, IV. change of base to the James, IV. at Petersburg, IV. reenforces Washington, IV. forces Lee to surrender, IV. his personal appearance, IV. his terms of surrender, IV. elected President, IV. his work in reconstruction, IV. reelected, IV. candidate for third term nomination, IV. opens Centennial Exposition, IV. mausoleum, V.

Gray, Judge, VI.

Great Meadows, fights at, I.

Greeley, Horace, his campaign for President, IV. his death, IV.

Greely, General A. W., expeditions of, to the north, IV.

Greenbacks, the "fiat greenback" theory, IV.

Greene, General Nathanael, his character and record, II. his plan of campaign, II. at Guilford Court-House, II. at Hobkirk's Hill, II. drove the British from Georgia and Carolinas, II.

Greene, Governor, successor to Lord Baltimore, I.

Grenville, Sir Richard, visits Virginia, I.

Grijalva, Juan de, explorations of, I.

Groseilliers, explorations of, I.

Guadalupe Hidalgo, the treaty of, III.

Guam, ceded by Paris Treaty, V. population, VI.

Guatemala, General Barrundia complication, V.

Guerilla warfare, II.

Guerin, I.

Guilford Court-House, battle of, II.

Guiteau, Charles J., assassinates President Garfield, IV.

Gustavus Adolphus, his ideas of colonizing America, I.

H

Hadley, fight at, in King Philip's war, I.

Hague peace conference, 1899. VI. second peace conference, VI.

Hale, Nathan, story of, II.

Hall, Captain, voyage of, I.

Halleck, General, III., IV. at Corinth, IV. becomes General-in-Chief, IV.

Haller, Major, his fight with Indians, III.

Hamilton, Alexander, II. first Secretary of the Treasury, II. a Federalist, II. on the Federal debts, II. on the United States Bank, II. assailed, II. lines on, II. shot by Aaron Burr, II.

Hamlin, Hannibal, his nomination, III.

Hancock, General, IV. at Gettysburg, IV. a Presidential candidate, IV.

Hanford, Ben, Socialist candidate, 1908, VI.

Hardee, General, at Savannah, IV.

Hargreaves' spinning-machine, II.

Harmon. Judson. VI.

Harriman, E. H., and railway combinations, VI.

Harrison, Colonel Benjamin, of Virginia, II.

Harrison, Benjamin, campaign and election as President, V. nominated for second term, V. on the Hague conference, VI. 96.

Harrison, William Henry, governor of Indiana, II. on intemperance. II. in war of 1812, II. elected President, III. his death, III.

Hartford, settled, I. Dutch fort at, I. population in 1827, III. convention, III.

Harvey, Governor, of Virginia, I.

Havana, Cuba, sinking of U. S. battleship Maine in harbor, V. government house at, VI. reforms in, VI.

Hawaiian Islands, annexation, V. population, 1910, VI.

Hawley, General J. R., President of Centennial Commission, IV.

Hay, John, Secretary of State, VI. Alaskan boundary settlement. VI. Hay-Pauncefote treaty ratified, VI. Hay-Herran treaty ratified, VI. address at Jackson, Mich., VI. at Boston, VI. and the "open door" in China, VI. and Chinese neutrality, VI.

Hayes, R. B., his presidential campaign, IV. inaugurated, IV. withdraws troops from South Carolina and Louisiana, IV.

Hearst, W. R., VI.

Hell-gate, deepening of channel, IV.

Henderson, ex-Speaker, VI.

Hendricks, Thomas A., IV.

Henry VII., of England, I.

Henry VIII., of England, I.

Henry, Fort, surrendered to Grant, IV.

Henry, Patrick, II.

Henry, Prince, of Portugal, his patronage of all schemes of exploration, I.

Henry, William, II.

Hepburn Bill, the, VI.

Herkimer, General, II.

Hill, David B., VI.

Hill, J. J., VI. on forest and soil waste, VI.

Hitchcock, Frank H., Postmaster-General, VI.

Hoar, Senator, IV.

Hobart, Garret A., nominated for Vice-President 1896, V.

Hobson, naval constructor, V.

Holmes, Justice, VI.

Holy Alliance, the, I.

Homoeopathy in United States, III.

Honolulu, Atlantic fleet at, VI.

Hood, General, at Atlanta, IV. his army routed. IV.

Hooker, General Joe, at Lookout Mountain, IV. at Atlanta, IV. at South Mountain, IV. at Antietam, IV. at Fredericksburg, IV. in command of Army of the Potomac, IV. at Chancellorsville, IV. resigns, IV.

Howard, Lord, I.

Howe, Elias, patent sewing-machines, III.

Howe, General, II. advances on Philadelphia, II.

Hudson, Henry, the explorations of, I.

Hudson River, explored, I. the Dutch trade on, I.

Hudson-Fulton celebration, VI.

Hughes, Governor,

Huguenots, I. in Carolina, I.

Hulls, Jonathan, II.

"Hunkers," III.

Hunter, General, III., IV.

Huntington, Collis P., VI.

Hutchinson, Mrs. Anne, settles in Rhode Island, I. killed by the Indians, I.

I

Idaho made a State, IV.

Igorrotes, characteristics of, V.

Immigration, restriction of, IV., V., VI. laws regulating, VI. Italian, VI. Slavic, VI. Jewish, VI. Oriental, VI. effects of, VI. foreign colonies in Chicago, New York, Boston, and Milwaukee, VI.

Imperialism and anti-imperialism, V.

Independence, slow growth of desire for. II. Washington's words concerning, II. John Adams cautioned not to utter the word, II. Richard Henry Lee moves resolution for, II. Declaration of. See Declaration of Independence.

"Independents," the, I.

Indian Territory, admission of, to Union, VI.

Indiana, the territory formed, II.

Indians, American, misnamed by Columbus, I. characteristics of, I. groupings of, I. agricultural prosperity of, I. hostilities of, in Virginia. I. invade New Amsterdam, I. hostilities of Pequots, I. Dutch war with, I. kill Mrs. Hutchinson, I. restore granddaughter of Mrs. Hutchinson to the whites, I. treaty of, with the Dutch, I. treatment of, by the whites, I. their distrust and hatred of whites, I. the Pokanokets, I. the Nipmucks, I. the Narragansets in King Philip's war, I. their habits, I. overcome by Captain Turner, I. the Mohawks and the French and English, I. price offered for scalps of, in Massachusetts, I. in King George's war, I. left alone to finish French and Indian war, I. outbreaks in the West, II. St. Clair's expedition against, II. Wayne's victory over, II. in Seminole war, III. hostilities in the West, III. Major Haller's fight with, III. Seminole lands purchased, V. Messiah craze, V. allotment act, V. government in Oklahoma, VI.

Industrial combinations, VI.

Industries in the United States, II. advance in, by 1840, III., IV.

"Initiative," the, VI.

Inland Waterways Commission, appointed, VI. important projects of, VI.

Insurance, marine and fire, begun in America, I.

Intemperance, common in United States, II.

Internal improvements, Whig policy concerning, III.

Inter-Parliamentary Union, meeting of, at St. Louis, VI.

Interstate Commerce Commission, VI.

Inventions in United States, II.

Iowa, population of, in 1830, III.

Irrigation in United States, VI.

Iron and steel trade, VI.

Iron law of 1867, the, IV.

Iron tariff, III.

Isabella, of Spain, makes contract with Columbus, I.

Island No. 10, capture of, IV.

J

Jackson, Andrew, his wounds, II. conquers the Creeks, II. at battle of New Orleans, II. his quarrel with Adams and Clay, III. seizes East Florida, III. hangs Ambrister and Arbuthnot, III. Quincy Adams's defence of, III. and the nullification ordinance, III. his life, III. his popularity, III. his mistaken ideas, III. and the civil service, III. as a party organizer. III. and the United States Bank, III. Congress censures, III. his revival of West Indian trade, III. and French spoliation claims, III. and the coinage, III. made many enemies, III. results of his policy, III. his influence for Van Buren, III. and Mrs. Eaton, III. and Quincy Adams, III.

Jackson, Fort, IV.

Jackson, General Stonewall, IV. at second battle of Bull Run, IV. at Chancellorsville, IV. killed, 96.

Jackson, Governor, of Missouri, III.

James I., issues first English colonial charter, I. appoints commission to inquire into Virginia Company, I.

James II. becomes king, I. makes Andros governor, I. New York named after, I. Penn and, I. not popular in Maryland, I. Virginia and, I.

James, Postmaster, IV.

Jamestown settled, I. colony of, I. abandoned by the colony, I. exposition, 1907, VI.

Japanese students in San Francisco, VI.

Jay, John, his share in peace negotiations, II. first chief justice, II. a Federalist, II. sent to England as envoy extraordinary, II. his treaty, II., III. burned in effigy, II.

Jefferson, Thomas, writes Declaration of Independence, II. first secretary of state, II. an anti-Federalist, II. opposes United States Bank, II. his criticism of Washington's proclamation of neutrality, II. fond of menageries and circuses, II. assailed, II. elected President, II. the typical Democrat, II. his character, II. his civil service policy, II. and the Barbary powers, II. his words concerning Missouri, III. for emancipation, III.

John II., King of Portugal. I.

Johnson, Andrew, his policy of reconstruction, IV. his work ripped up by Congress, IV. attempt to impeach, IV.

Johnson, Reverdy, IV.

Johnson, Governor, of Minnesota, VI.

Johnston, General A. S., killed, IV.

Johnston, General Joseph E., at Bull Run, III. at Vicksburg, IV. his opposition to Sherman's march to the sea, IV. routed by Sherman at Bentonville, IV. wounded, IV. his surrender, IV.

Johnstown, Flood, V.

Joliet, Louis, explorations of, I.

Jones, Paul, his naval victory, II.

Jordan, David S., for seal conference, V.

Judiciary, the, of the United States, II.

Julliard versus Greenman, the case of, IV.

K

Kansas, anti-slavery emigration to, III. political jobbery in, III. endeavors to secure admission to the Union, III. riots, III. becomes a State, 226, IV.

Kansas-Nebraska Bill, the, III.

Karlsefne, Thorfinn, I.

Kearney, Colonel Philip, campaign of, III.

Kearsarge, the, and the Alabama, IV.

Keith, George, his teachings against slavery, I.

Kellogg, Governor, his government sustained in Louisiana. IV.

Kendall, Amos, and telegraphy, III.

Kentucky, resolutions on the sedition acts, II. becomes a State, II. and secession, III. the contest in, III. Confederate posts in, IV. clear of Confederates, IV. Bragg invades, IV.

Kern, John W., nominated Vice-president, 1908, VI.

Khan Kublai, winter residence of, I.

Kieft, Governor, his administration, I. angers the Indians, I. attacks Indians, I. removed, I.

King, Rufus, II.

King's Mountain, victory at, II.

Klondike, gold discovery, V.

Knickerbocker Trust Co., VI.

Knights of the Golden Circle, the, III.

Know-Nothings, the, III.,

Knox, first Secretary of War, II.

Knox, Philander C., Secretary of State, VI.

Ku Klux the, IV.

L

Labor, agitations, IV. organizations, IV.

Lafayette, General, at Yorktown. II. meditated settling in America II.

La Follette, R. M., VI. and the Progressive movement, VI.

La Guayra, Venezuela, custom-house at, taken possession of, VI.

Lakes to the Gulf Deep Waterways Association, VI.

Lancaster, Mass., sacked and burned, I.

Land, early system, II. system of marketing, II. Whig policy concerning, III.

Langley, Professor, VI.

Lanier, Sidney, IV.

La Salle, explorations of, I. killed, I.

Las Casas, I.

Las Guasimas, VI.

Lecompton Constitution, the, III.

Lee, General Robert E., and McClellan in Virginia, III. in command of Army of Virginia, IV. in the "Seven Days' Fight," IV. goes north to meet Pope, IV. invades Maryland, IV. pushes into Pennsylvania, IV. slips away from McClellan, IV. at Fredericksburg, IV. at Chancellorsville, IV. in Pennsylvania, IV. at Gettysburg, IV. in the Wilderness, IV. at Spottsylvania, IV. at Cold Harbor, v holds Richmond and Petersburg, IV. sends Early to make a demonstration against Washington, IV. his army crumbling away, IV. his problem, IV. at Five Forks, IV. his retreat from Richmond, IV. his surrender, IV. his personal appearance, IV. his army at close of the war, IV. unveiling of monument, V.

Lee, Richard Henry, of Virginia, moves resolution for independence, II.

Lee, R. R., grandson of mover of Declaration of Independence, reads the document at the Centennial Exposition, IV.

Lee, General Charles, II. a traitor II.

Lee, Fort, captured, II.

Leisler, Jacob, I.

Leon, Ponce de. See Ponce de Leon.

Lewis and Clark expedition commemorated at Portland, Oregon, VI.

Lexington, fight at, II.

Leyland line of Atlantic steamships, VI.

Liberal Party, the, III.

"Liberal Republicans," IV.

Libraries, in colonial America, I.

Liliuokalani, Queen, V.

Lincoln, Abraham, and Douglas, III. his career and popularity, III. his election, III. his inauguration, III. his difficulties. III., IV. issues call for volunteers, III. assassination of, IV. proclaims universal emancipation, IV. reelected, IV.

Lincoln, General, surrenders, II. puts down Shays's rebellion, II.

Little Guinea, I.

Livingston, Chancellor, II.

Locke, John, I.

Locke, Richard Adams, the author of the Moon Hoax, III.

Locomotives, the first in United States, III.

Loewe vs. Lawler, or Danbury Hatters case, VI.

Logan, General, IV.

London Company, the, I.

Longfellow, H. W., III.

Long Island, invaded by New Englanders, I. battle of, II.

Longstreet, General, at Chickamauga, IV.

Lookout Mountain, IV.

Lopez, efforts of, to conquer Cuba, III.

Lotteries. II., V.

Loudon, Earl of, in the French and Indian war, I. Franklin's words concerning, I.

Louisburg, capture of, I. surrendered to France, I. recaptured, I.

Louisiana, purchase of, II., III. its attitude on secession, III. attitude toward negroes at close of the war, IV. troubles in 1874, IV. suffrage, V. Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis, VI.

Louisville, settled, II.

Lovejoy, Rev. E. P., murdered, III.

Lowell, Francis C., and the power-loom, III.

Lowell, J. R., III.

Lundy and his Genius of Universal Emancipation, III.

Lurton, Justice, VI.

Lyon, Matthew, convicted of sedition, II.

Lyon in St. Louis, III. 347.

M

MacVeagh, Franklin, Secretary of the Treasury, VI.

Madison, James, the father of the Constitution, II. Virginia plan the work of, II. an anti-Federalist. II. on the Federal debt, II., III.

Magellan, circumnavigates the globe, I. killed, I.

Magoffin, Governor, of Kentucky, III.

Magrath, Judge, III.

Maine, settlement of, I. I.208; remains part of Massachusetts till 1820, I.

Maine, U. S. battleship, sunk in Havana harbor, V.

Malvern Hill, battle of, IV.

Man, age and origin of, in America, Introduction, I.

Manchuria, Province of, VI.

Manhattan Island bought, I.

Manila, naval battle, V. capitulates, V. Atlantic fleet at, VI.

Mansfield, his argument on taxation, II.

Manufactures in the United States, II.. III. National Manufacturers' Association, VI.

Marble in the South, IV.

Marion, General, II.

Mariposa Grove, California, made national reservation, VI.

Marquette, Pere, I.

Marriage and divorce in United States, IV.

Marshall, Tom, III.

Martens, M. de, VI.

Maryland, charter, I. named, I. settled, I. government of, I. conflict of, with Virginia, I. anarchy in, I. first assembly of, I. religious freedom in, I. during the civil war in England, I. rebellion in, I. population of, in 1643, I. after Stuart restoration, I. its boundary disputes, I. tobacco product of, I. its toleration in religious matters, I. its agitation in favor of Anglicanism, I. and William and Mary, I. James II. not popular in, I. population of, in 1700 and later, I. the clergy in, I. production of iron in, I. ratifies the Constitution, II. and secession, III.

Mason, Captain, strategy and tactics in Pequot War, I.

Mason and Slidell, IV.

Masons, movement against, III.

Massachusetts colony, I. government of, I. Charles II. and, I. its view of its political rights, I. balks royal commissioners, I. buys Maine, I. fails to get New Hampshire, I. its charter vacated, I. and Andros, I. new charter for, I. population of, in 1650, I. in 1660, I. population of, in 1754, I. her opposition to taxation, II. the action of, approved by the colonies, II. in rebellion, II. ratifies the Constitution, II.

Massasoit, treaty with, I. his fidelity, I.

Mather, Cotton, his experiments in witchcraft, I. his book, I. at the execution of George Burroughs, I. on "Devil's authority," I. his learning, I.

Mather, Increase, I. his learning, I.

Matron, Margaret, tried as a witch, I.

Matthew, Stanley, IV.

Maximilian in Mexico, IV.

Mayflower, the, 1.

McClellan, General, campaign of, in Virginia, III. in command of Army of Potomac, III. IV. 85; his record, III. his peninsular campaign, IV. at Fortress Monroe and Yorktown, IV. at Fair Oaks, IV. and the "Seven Days' Fight," IV. his losses, IV. would not reenforce Pope. IV. removed from command, IV.

McClernand, General, at Fort Donelson, IV. at Vicksburg, IV.

McDonough, on Lake Champlain, II.

McDowell, General, at Bull Run, III., IV.

McGillivray, chief of the Creeks, II.

McKinley, William, nominated for President, 1896, V. civil service order, V. Philippine order, V. nominated for second term, V. elected, V. at Pan-American Exposition, V. assassinated, V. death, V.

McKinley tariff, the, IV.

McPherson, General, IV. killed, IV.

Meade, General, in command of Army of the Potomac, IV. at Gettysburg, IV. in the Wilderness, IV.

Meat-packing investigations, VI.

Melbourne, Atlantic fleet at, VI.

Melendez, Pedro, lands in Florida, I.

Memphis, surrenders, IV.

Menard, the Jesuit, I.

Merrimac, the, sinks the Cumberland, burns the Congress, IV. and the Monitor, IV.

Merrimac, U. S. collier, sunk to block Santiago harbor, V.

Methodists, spread of the, II. on war of 1812, II. in the fourth decade, III.

Metternich. III.

Mexican War, the, causes of, III. actions of, III. United States gains from, III.

Mexico, conquered by Cortez, I. did not recognize claims of Texas, III. revolution in, III. war in, see Mexican War; the taking of the city of, III. Maximilian in, IV. Pan-American Congress in, VI.

Meyer, George von L., Secretary of the Navy, VI.

Miantonomoh and Uncas, I. 187,

Michigan, population in 1830, III.

Milan decree, the, II,

Miles, General Nelson A., expedition to Puerto Rico, V.

Millerism, III,

Milwaukee, foreigners in, VI.

Mine Workers, the United, VI.

Minneapolis, IV.

Minnesota, growth of, IV.

Mint, the U. S., erected, II.

Minuit, Peter, buys Manhattan Island, I. leads the first Swedish colony to America, I.

Minute Men, II.

Miranda, II.

Missionary Ridge, capture of, IV.

Mississippi, the, discovered by De Soto, I. exploration of, I. Mississippi basin, VI.

Mississippi, the territory formed, II. attitude of the State on secession, III. attitude toward negroes at the close of the war, IV.

Missouri, wishes statehood, III. Jefferson's words concerning, III. the compromise, III. efforts to undo the compromise, III. abrogation of the compromise, III. and secession, III. the struggle in, III.

Mitchell, President, of the United Mine Workers, VI.

Mobile, Admiral Farragut at, IV.

Mohawks, the, and French and English, I.

Monitor, the, and the Merrimac, IV.

Monk, General, I.

Monmouth, battle of, II.

Monroe, Fortress, General Butler at, III. McClellan at, IV.

Monroe, President, II. his doctrine, III., V. new interpretation of doctrine, VI.

Montana made a State, IV.

Montcalm, General, in French and Indian war, I. at Quebec, I.

Monterey captured, III.

Montezuma, I.

Montgomery, General Richard, II. killed, II.

Montojo, Admiral, Spanish Naval forces Manila, V.

Montreal, named, I. taken, II.

Monts, De, lands on coast of Nova Scotia, I.

Moody, Lady Deborah, repels attack of the Indians, I.

Moon hoax, the, III.

Morey, II.

Morgan, General, at battles of Stillwater, II. at Cowpens, II. his ability as a leader, II.

Morgan, J. Pierpont, VI.

Morgan, William, III.

Mormonism, III., IV., V.

Moros, V.

Morris, Robert, II.

Morse, Professor, and telegraphy, III.

Moscoso, Luis de, I.

Moultrie, Colonel, at Charleston Harbor, II.

Mound builders, I. their cities, I. their arts, I. fate of I.

Mounds, design of, I. forms of, I.

Mukden, Port of, opened to nations, VI.

Music in American churches, II.

Muster, the old-fashioned, II.

N

Nadaillac, De, his theory concerning origin of man in America, I.

Nagel, Charles, Secretary of Commerce and Labor, VI.

Napoleon Bonaparte, II. intended Louisiana as a seat of colonial power, II. his Berlin and Milan decrees, II. his treatment of United States, II. his career ended, II.

Napoleon III. and the Confederacy, IV. his Mexican scheme. IV.

Narraganset Indians, in Pequot war, I. in King Philip's war, I. their strength broken, I.

Narvaez, Pamphilo de, expedition of, into Florida, I. perishes, I.

National Conservation Association, VI.

National road, III.

Navigation acts, the, I., II.

Navy, the U. S., in 1784, II. the department created, II. at outbreak of the civil war, IV. operations of, during the civil war, IV. in war with Spain, IV. in Philippines, IV. strengthening of, VI. cruise of Atlantic fleet, VI.

Neale, Elias, III.

Nebraska made a State, IV.

Negro, the position of, in the South at close of the war, IV. prospects of, IV. kidnapping free negroes, III. suffrage, V. Montgomery conference, V. population, V.

Neutrality, Washington's proclamation of, II. results of, II. England questions American, II.

Nevada made a State, IV.

New Amsterdam, I. population of, in 1652, I. after Dutch-Indian wars, I.

Newark, N. J., population in 1837, III.

New Brunswick, N. J., population in 1837, III.

New England, the confederation of, I. home life in colonial, I. schools in, I. farmhouses in, I. religion the centre of life of, I. farm work and implements, I. neighborliness among farm people of, I. diet of farm people, I. superstitions in, I. Sunday laws in, I. public worship in, I. witchcraft in, I. population of, in 1700 and later, I. opposition to episcopacy in, I. produce of, I. Christmas and Thanksgiving in, II. attitude of, toward war of 1812, II. and the tariff, III. manufactures of, compared with those of South, VI.

"New France," I.

New Hampshire, settlement of, I. Massachusetts fails to get, I. ratifies the Constitution, II.

New Haven settled, I. population, III.

New Jersey, made over to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, I. character of population, I. its political vicissitudes, I. population in 1700 and later, I. ratifies the Constitution, II. I.

New Mexico, III. its growth slow, IV., VI. constitution of, VI. admitted to Union, VI. population and products of, VI.

"New Netherland," I. English conquest of, I. named New York, I.

New Orleans, battle of, II. taken by Farragut and Butler, IV. Italian riot at, V. port of, VI.

Newport, the stone mill at, I.

Newspapers in colonial America, I., II. at beginning of nineteenth century, II. about 1830, III.

New York City, begun, I. named, I. under Governor Andros, I. a province of the Crown, I. problems of governors of, I. population of, in 1697 and later, I. streets lighted, I. evacuated by the British, II. Washington's entry into, II. the first directory of, II. condition of, in 1786, II. population in 1800, II. in panic of 1837, III. its clearing house, III. elevated railroads in, IV. Lexow legislative committee investigation. V. presentation ceremonies Grant's mausoleum, V. foreigners in, VI.

New York State, population of, in 1700 and later, I. the clergy in, I. ratifies the Constitution, II. on the corporation laws III.

Niagara Falls, preservation of, VI.

Nicaragua, expedition against, III.

Nicaragua Canal, V.

Nicholas II., Emperor, and second Hague peace conference, VI.

Nicholson, Governor, of Virginia, I.

Nightingale, Colonel, II.

Nipmucks, the, at war, 1.

Nome, Cape, gold discovery, V.

North, the business relations between the South and, III. opposition to abolitionists in the, III. position of, on slavery, III. attitude of, toward the Union, III. resources of the South compared with, III. apathy and anti-coercion feeling in, at beginning of secession movement, III. effect on, of firing on Sumter, III. advantage of, the South over, III.

North, Lord, wavers, II. his words on hearing of Cornwallis's surrender, II. resigns, II.

North Carolina, and secession, III. attitude of, at close of the war, IV.

North Dakota made a State, IV.

Northern securities case, VI.

Northmen, the, in America, I. 39.

Northwest, the settlements in the, II.

Nova Scotia, assigned to France, I.

Nullification ordinance, the, in South Carolina, III.

O

Oglethorpe, Governor, of Georgia, I.

Ohio Company, the, I. 349, 353. II.

Ohio River, discovery of, I.

Ohio, State of, population in 1830, III. Oil industry, the, III.

Oklahoma, opened for settlement, V. purchase and settlement of, VI. admitted to Union, VI.

Oldham, John, murdered, I.

Olney, Richard, as Secretary of State, V.

Olympia, United States Flagship, entered Manila, V.

"Omnibus Bill," the, III.

Ordinance of 1787, the, II. and slavery, III.

Oregon question, the, III. settlements in, III.

Oregon, United States warship, V.

Oriskany, battle of, II.

Ostend manifesto, the, III.

Otis, James, Jr., II.

P

Pacific, the, discovered by Balboa, I.

Pacific coast, growth and settlement of, III. filling up, IV. great railways to the, IV.

Paine, Thomas, his "Common Sense," II.

Pakenham, General, at New Orleans, II.

Palisade, the old, I.

Palma, Tomaso Estrada y, first president Cuban Republic, V., VI.

Panama, canal commission of nine, VI. revolution, VI. United States treaty with, VI.

Pan-American Congress, in Washington, VI. in Mexico, VI. in Rio Janeiro, VI.

Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, V.

Pan-American Republics, Bureau of, founded, VI.

Panic, of 1837, III. of 1873. IV. of 1907, VI.

Paris, Peace of, II.

Parker, Alton B., nominated for President, VI.

Parliament, attitude of, toward colonial affairs, II. its vain concession to America, II. Washington's reply to, II. resolves to discontinue the war, II.

Party strife, III.

Patent leather in United States, III.

Patterson, General, in Southern Pennsylvania, III.

Paulding, Commodore, III.

Paulhan, Louis, VI.

Payne, Sereno E., Chairman, Ways and Means Committee, VI. Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill, VI.

Peabody, George, IV.

Peace negotiations between England and United States, II.

Peary, Commander Robert E., Arctic expedition of, VI.

Peking, China, United States troops in, VI.

Pemberton, General, at Vicksburg, IV. surrenders, IV.

Penal legislation, in colonial America, I. in the fourth decade, III.

Pendleton bill, the, IV.

Penn, William, receives proprietorship of Pennsylvania, I. his character, I. his trials, I. his rule in Delaware, I.

Pennsylvania, under proprietorship of William Penn, I. its liberal charter, I. free from Andros's jurisdiction, I. its prosperity, I. under Fletcher's governorship, I. Gabriel Thomas's history of, I. population of, in 1700 and later, I. commerce in, I. hospital, I. ratifies the Constitution, II.

Pensions, V. of teachers, VI.

Pequot war, the, I. Indians nearly exterminated, I.

Perestrello, I.

Perrot, Nicholas, explorations of, I.

Perry, Commodore, in war of 1812, II.

Perryville, battle of, IV.

Peru, Atlantic fleet at, VI.

Petersburg, movements about, IV. the mine at, IV.

Philadelphia, in 1698, I. streets of, lighted and patrolled, I., III. the First Continental Congress at, II, General Howe advances on, II. population in 1800, II. first savings banks in, III. Centennial Exposition at, IV.

Philip, King, the war of, I. scope of his conspiracy, I. his treatment of white captives, I. driven to Mount Hope, I. killed, I. horrors of war of, I. his character, I. his wife and son sold into slavery, I.

Philippa, wife of Columbus, I.

Philippine Islands, naval battle in Manila bay, V. sold to United States, V. area, resources, V. tribes, V. religious orders, V. Republic, V. and United States, V. first civil governor, V. commission, V., VI. United States policy in, VI. United States acquisitions in, VI. native assembly, VI. population, VI.

Phillips, Wendell, as an orator, III.

Phoenix, Arizona, VI.

Pickens, Fort, III.

Pickett, General, at Gettysburg, IV.

Pierce, General Franklin, in the Mexican war, III. elected President, III. his proclamation against filibustering, III.

Pilgrims, the. I. shares allotted to, I. repudiate episcopacy and become Puritans, I.

Pillow, General, IV. Fort, IV.

Pinchot, Gifford, chief of Forestry division, VI.

Pinckney, II.

Pinzons, the, I.

Pioneer life, II.

Pious Fund case, the, VI.

Pitt, William, in the French and Indian war, I. on taxation of the colonies, II.

Pittsburg, named, I. strike at, IV.

Pittsburg Landing, battle of, IV.

Plymouth, the colony, I. its treaty with Massasoit, I. hardships of, I. growth of, I. relations of Dutch to, I.

Plymouth Company, the, I.

Pocahontas marries Rolfe, I.

Pokanokets, the, I.

Political institutions, origin of, in America, I. spirit of, III.

Polk, General, III.

Polk, James K., his method of travel, III. elected President, III. and the Oregon question, III.

Polo, Marco, I. his book, 40.

Polo, Nicolo and Maffeo, I.

Ponce de Leon lands on Florida, I.

Pontiac, conspiracy of, I.

Pope, General, captures Island No. 10, IV. in command of Union forces, IV. his defeat and resignation, IV.

Population. See United States and various States and cities.

Populism, V. convention, 1896, V. convention, 1904. VI. 76.

Portages, the, of the West, I.

Porter, Admiral, IV.

Porter, General Fitz-John, IV.

Portland, Oregon, Lewis and Clark Expedition commemorated at, VI.

Porto Rico, expedition of General Miles, V. ceded to United States, V. and United States government, V. population, VI.

Port Royal, taken, I. naval expedition to, IV.

Portsmouth, N. H., settled, I.

Portugal, Prince Henry of. See Henry of Portugal.

Portugal leads the world in art of navigation, I. the new world divided between Spain and, I.

Postal Department, origin of the, II.

Postal service in colonial America, I. in 1800, II. about 1840, III. at present time, IV.

Powhatan, I.

Preble, Commodore, II.

Prescott, Colonel, at Bunker Hill, II.

Presidential Succession Act, the, IV.

Press, the. See Newspapers.

Prideaux, General, I.

Prigg's case, III.

Princeton, battle of, II.

Procter, Goodman, I.

Progressive Movement, VI. effect on party organization, VI.

Prohibitionist party, convention, 1904, VI. convention, 1908, VI.

Providence, Roger Williams settles at, I. population of, in 1800, II.

Publicity Law, campaign, VI.

Puerto Cabello, fort demolished, VI.

Pure Food and Drugs Law, passed, 1906, VI.

Puritans, the, I. allow little liberty of thought, I. immigration of, to Maryland, I. found Annapolis. I. their religion superstitious, I.

Putnam, General Israel, II.

Q

Quakers, favored by Charles II., I. warring with Baptists, I. divided, I. hostility to, in Maryland, I. on wearing of wigs, I. against slavery, III.

Quebec, the colony of, founded, I. capture of, I. Benedict Arnold and Montgomery advance on, II.

R

Radisson, explorations of, I.

Railroads, the first in United States, III. projectors encounter hostility, III. the first route, III. the first passenger, III. growth of the system, III. to the Pacific coast, IV. consolidation of, IV. elevated, IV. Inter-state Railway Law, IV. railway combinations, VI.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, begins colony on Roanoke Island, I. his scheme to establish colonies in America, I.

Randolph, first attorney-general, II. an anti-Federalist, II. Clay's duel with, III.

Rasle, Father, I.

Rawdon, General, II.

"Recall," the, VI.

Reciprocity, treaty of, IV.

Reciprocity and protection. See Tariff.

Reclamation Act, the. VI.

Reconstruction, questions of, IV. three periods, IV. results of, in the South, IV.

Redemptioners, I.

Reed, Thomas B., parliamentary rules, V.

"Referendum," the, VI.

Religion in United States in the fourth decade, III.

Republican Party, the, origin of, II. beginning of the modern, III. doctrine of, III. generally favored preserving Union by force, III. timid members demand peace, IV. views of, on effect of secession, IV. "Liberal Republicans," IV. tariff policy of, IV., V. convention 1896, V. convention 1904, VI. centennial of the founding of, VI. convention 1908, VI. platform, 256, VI.

Resumption of specie payment, IV.

Revenue system, the, II, running down, III.

Revolution, the causes of, II. preparations for, II. dates from the Gaspe affair, II. opening act of, II. beginning of, II. the northern campaigns, II. the southern campaigns, II. closed by battle of Yorktown, II. ill-conduct of, II. expenses of, II. cessation of hostilities, II. character of soldiers in, II. types of heroes in, II. cost of, II. debt at close of, II.

Rhode Island, founded, I. and Charles II., I. its views on religious freedom, I. boundary disputes of, I. submits to rule of Andros, I. population of, in 1754. I. ratifies the Constitution, II.

Ribault, lands on coast of Florida, I.

Richmond, movements around, IV. Union army enters, IV. fire in. IV.

Rio Janeiro, report concerning ships in harbor of, VI. third Pan-American congress at, VI. Atlantic fleet at, VI.

Ripley, Professor, of Harvard, VI.

Rives on Washington's proclamation of neutrality, II.

Roanoke Island, colony begun on, I. naval expedition to, IV.

Rockefeller, John D., VI. gift to Education Board, VI.

Rodgers, C. P., VI.

Roebling, John A. and W. A., and the Brooklyn Bridge, IV.

Roosevelt, Theodore, nominated for Vice-President, 1900, V. oath of office as President, V. birth and early career of, VI. assistant Secretary of Navy, VI. and the "Rough Riders," VI. governor of New York State, VI. first administration of, VI. popularity and characteristics of, VI. civil service and tariff reforms of, VI. attitude toward Cuba, VI. toward the anti-trust law. VI. ends the coal strike of 1902, VI. his appreciation of Secretary Root, VI. creates Department of Commerce and Labor, VI. and the Panama Canal, VI. letter to President Palma. VI. signs treaty with Cuba, VI. Hay's praise of, VI. his reply to charges against him, VI. nominated President, 1904, VI. elected, VI. second administration, VI. action of, concerning Chinese immigration, VI. asked to call second peace congress, VI. on conservation of nation's resources, VI. and Republic of Santo Domingo, VI. appoints Inland Waterways Commission, VI. on Deep Waterways, VI. orders investigation of meat-packing methods, VI. action regarding Japanese question. VI. on the Navy, VI. quoted, VI.

Roosevelt Dam, the, VI.

Root, Elihu, Secretary of War, VI. report of, on ships in harbor of Rio Janeiro, VI. Ambassador Extraordinary at third Pan-American Congress, VI.

Rosecrans, General, at Stone River, IV.

Rosewell, Arizona, VI.

"Rough Riders," the, VI.

Rowlandson History, the, I.

Russia, influence of, over Manchuria, VI. sends representative to meeting of Inter-Parliamentary Union, VI.

Ryswick, Treaty of, I.

Sackville-West, Lord, reply to "Murchison" letter, V.

St. Augustine, named by Melendez, I.

St. Clair, General, evacuates Ticonderoga, II.

St. Clair, Governor, expedition of, II. deposed from command, II.

St. Johns taken, II.

St. Lawrence, gulf and river, discovered and named, I.

St. Leger, General, expedition of, II.

St. Louis, II. Exposition, VI. meeting of Inter-Parliamentary Union at, VI. Lakes to the Gulf Deep Waterways Association formed at, VI.

St. Paul, Minn., IV.

St. Philip's, Fort, IV.

Salem witchcraft, I.

Salvation Army, V.

Samoan Islands,. V. population, VI.

Sampson, Admiral W. T., in Santiago naval battle, V.

San Francisco, earthquake, VI. Japanese students in, VI.

Santa Anna, in the Mexican war, III.

Santa Maria, I.

Santangel, I.

Santiago, Cuba, VI.

Santo Domingo, Republic of, VI.

Sausaman murdered, I.

Savannah, capture of, II. taken by Sherman, IV.

Savings banks, the first. III.

Savornin-Loman, M., VI.

Saybrook, fort at, I.

Schenectady, the massacre of, I.

Schley, Admiral W. S., in Santiago naval battle, V.

Schofield, General, IV.

Schools, in colonial America, I. Catholic attitude toward, in United States, IV. improvements in, VI.

Schurz, Carl, IV. and the civil service, IV.

Schuyler, General, II.

Scott, Dred, decision in case of, III.

Scott, Winfield, in war of 1812, II. in Mexican war, III.

Seattle, Wash., exposition at, VI.

Secession, movements after Lincoln's election, III. whether non-revolutionary, was possible, III. threats of, III. attitude of the Southern States toward, III. South Carolina determines on, III. other States declare, III. attitude of border States on, III. question of the effect of, on Confederate States, IV.

Sedgwick, General, IV.

Seminole war, the, III. Indians, in Indian Territory, VI.

Semmes, Admiral, IV.

Sequasson, I.

"Seven Days' Fight," the, IV.

Seward, William H., III. and slavery, III. attempted assassination of, IV. and the Trent affair, IV.

Sewing-machines, III.

Seymour, Attorney-General, I.

Seymour, Horatio, IV.

Shafter, Major-General W. R., in the Santiago campaign, V.

Shaftesbury, Lord Ashley Cooper, Earl of, I.

Shays's Rebellion, II.

Shelburne, Secretary of State in England, opens peace negotiations, II.

Shenandoah Valley, explored, I. operations in, IV.

Sheridan, General Phil, IV. "Sheridan's Ride" IV. at Five Forks, IV. at New Orleans, IV.

Sherman Anti-trust law, enactment of, VI.

Sherman, James S., nominated Vice-President, VI.

Sherman, John, his silver bill, IV. and resumption, IV.

Sherman, General W. T., his words concerning battle of Bull Run. III. at battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, IV. at Vicksburg, IV. his movements about Chattanooga, IV. goes to Knoxville, IV. his army, IV. his march to the sea, IV. takes Atlanta, IV. takes Savannah, IV. his message to Lincoln, IV. marches north, IV. takes Charleston, IV. at Columbia, IV. routs Johnston at Bentonville, IV.

Sherwood, Grace, ducked, I.

Shiloh, battle of, IV.

Ship Subsidy Bill, the, VI.

Shirley, Governor, of Massachusetts, in King George's war, I.

Shoshone Dam, the, VI.

Sibley, Hiram, and telegraphy, III.

Sickles, General, IV. at Gettysburg, IV.

Silver coinage, III. , IV. Sherman's bill, IV., V.

Sinclair, Upton, his novel, The Jungle, VI.

Slater, Samuel, the "father of American manufactures." II.

Slavery, in early Virginia, I. George Keith against, I. early history of, III. Jefferson and the great Virginians against, III. Quakers against, III. ordinance of 1787 and, III. hostility to, in the States, III. in the North, III. in the South, III. pleas for its existence, III. pro-slavery arguments, III. anti-slavery opinions, III. difficulties of the question, III. Whigs opposed to, III. and cotton, III. social and economic evils of, III. strict laws concerning slaves, III. feeling for, strengthened, III. each State sovereign over, in its own boundaries, III. growing hatred for, in the North, III. fugitive slave law, III. expeditions to kidnap free negroes for, III. domestic slave-trade, III. renewed hostility against, III. "a crime," III. New England anti-slavery society, III. positions of the North and South on, III. victory of, III. attitude of Whigs toward, III. treatment in Congress of petitions against, III. growing feeling on subject of, III. plans for foreign conquest in behalf of, III. Alexander Stephens on, III. fostered anti-democratic habits of thought and action, III. the Confederate Constitution on, III. slaves in Union lines, IV. universal emancipation proclaimed, IV.

Slaves. See Slavery.

Sleeping-cars, III.

Smith, Captain John, I.

Smith, General, IV. court-martialed and retired in Philippines, V.

Smyth, John, his church at Gainsborough, I.

Social Democratic party, convention, 1904, VI.

Social differences in Colonial America, I.

Socialism and state socialism in United States, IV.

Socialist Labor party, convention, 1904, VI. convention, 1908, VI.

Solis, de, voyage of, I.

Soto, Ferdinand de, his march into interior of America, I. discovers the Mississippi, I. his death, I. end of his expedition, I.

South, the business relations between the North and, III. opposition in, to abolitionists, III. its position on slavery, III. repudiates the Douglas theory, III. adopts the Calhoun theory, III. attitude of, toward the Union, III. its indictment against the North concerning personal liberty laws, III. resources of, compared with those of the North, III. strong Union spirit still in, III. well supplied with military stores, III. bent on setting up a slave empire, III. advantages of, over the North, III. reduced to the last extremity, IV. attitude of, just after the war, IV. rejects the XIVth Amendment, IV. fresh turmoil in, IV. results of reconstruction in, IV. restoration of white rule in, IV. improvements in, IV. loyalty in, IV. prosperity and progress in, IV., V., VI. representation of, in national offices, IV. manufactures in, IV., VI. population, IV. agriculture in, IV., VI. suffrage in State constitutions, V. negro in, V. exports and imports along Gulf, VI. water power facilities of, VI. coal and iron supply of, VI. forests of, VI. industrial growth of, VI. cotton production of, VI. roads in, VI. stock-raising in, VI.

South American republics, interest of United Stales in, VI. trade with, VI.

South Carolina, its nullification ordinance, III. recedes, III. attitude of, toward secession, III. secedes, III. attitude toward negroes at close of the war, IV.

South Dakota made a State, IV.

South Kingstown, R. I., fight at, I.

South Mountain, battle of, IV.

Spain, the new world divided between Portugal and, I. gets most of America, I. hostilities in Florida between France and, I. lacked in vigor, I. reasons for failure of, to colonize far north in America, I. tyranny of, over her own colonies, I. joins alliance of France and America, II. her claim to Florida, III. willing to sell Florida, III. and Cuba, III. and the United States, V. rebellions in Cuba, V. Santiago surrendered, V. fleet destroyed Santiago, V. naval battle Manila, V. evacuates Cuba, cedes Porto Rico, sells Philippines, V. in American Revolution, V.

Spaniards, treatment of American natives by the, I.

Spanish-American war, V.

Spanish coins, II.

Specie payment, resumption of, IV.

Sperry, Rear-Admiral Charles S .. VI.

Spinning machinery, II., III.

Spooner Act concerning isthmian canal, VI.

Sports, in United States, in 1800, II.

Spotswood, Governor, of Virginia, I.

Spottsylvania, battle of, IV.

"Squatter Sovereignty," III.

Stamp Act, the, II. repealed, II.

Stanton, Secretary, III.

Star of the West, the, fired on, III.

Stark, General, II. his cool courage, II.

"Starving time," the, in Virginia, I.

State constitutions, revision of, V.

State Department, the, II. rights and the central government, III. rights in slavery, III. authority as compared with that of the Union, III. under Secretary Hay, VI.

Steam, navigation begun, II. fire engines, III.

Steamship combinations, VI.

Steel trade, VI.

Stephens, Alexander H., his position on the slavery Question, III. chosen Vice-President of the Confederacy, III.

Steuben, Baron, II.

Stevens, Thaddeus, IV.

Stevenson, Adlai E., nominated for Vice-President, 1900, V.

Stillwater, battles of, II.

Stone, Governor, of Maryland, I. deposed, I. attempts, to regain the province, I.

Stone River, battle of, IV.

Stony Point, attack on, II.

Stoughton, Lieutenant Governor, and witchcraft, I.

Street railways. III.

Strike of 1877, the, IV. Homestead, V. Pullman, V. steel, VI. coal, VI.

Stuyvesant, Governor, his administration, I.

Submarine boats, VI.

Suffrage, extension of, IV. woman, V. negro, V.

Sullivan, General, at Newport, II.

Sumner, Charles, supersedes Webster, III. attack upon, by Brooks, III. on secession, IV.

Sumter, Fort, fired upon, III. evacuated, III. effect of firing on, in the North, III.

Sumter, General, II.

Sumter, the screw steamer, IV.

Sun, N. Y., and the Moon Hoax, III.

Sunday laws in colonial New England, I.

Sunday-schools, II.

Superstitions in colonial New England, I.

Supreme Court, its decision in the Dred Scott case, III. on ownership of Philippines, V. Northern Securities case, VI. Bailey case, VI. Danbury Hatters case, VI. Standard Oil case, VI. American Tobacco Co. case, VI.

Swallow, Silas C., Prohibitionist candidate, VI.

Swedes, the first colony of, in America, I. compelled to recognize Dutch supremacy, I.

Sydney, Atlantic fleet at, VI.

T

Ta Tung Kao, Port of, opened to nations. VI.

Taft. W. H., civil governor of Philippines, V., VI. Secretary of War, VI. nominated President, VI. elected, VI. qualifications of, VI. inauguration of, VI. cabinet of, VI. salary, VI. attitude toward admission to Union of New Mexico and Arizona. VI. and classified service. VI. and International Arbitration, VI. and the great question of the hour, VI. on reelection, VI.

Talleyrand, his attitude toward America, II. recedes from his arrogant demands, II.

Tappan, Lewis, his house sacked, III.

Tariff, the, under Washington's administration, II. retaliatory measures against England. II. doctrine of Whig party on. III. rise of rates after 1816, III. relations of parties and sections to, III. of abominations, III. nullification of, in South Carolina III. Calhoun on, III. compromise, III. since the civil war, IV. policy of political parties on, IV. the McKinley, IV. the Wilson. Senate Bill, IV., V. Wilson law, V. extra session Congress Dingley law, V. Cuban, V., VI. Philippines, V., VI. Porto Rico, V. Canadian, VI. in campaign 1900, V. reciprocity, V., VI. on cotton and woollen goods, VI. revision of, VI. Tariff Board formed, VI. "maximum and minimum" clause, VI. Payne-Aldrich Bill, VI. Beveridge Commission Bill, VI. Reciprocity Bill, VI. Farmers' Free List Bill, VI.

Tarleton, General, II. quoted, II.

Taxation, of the colonies, I., II. England's attitude toward, II. Massachusetts' opposition to, II. at close of the Revolution, II. for civil war debts, IV. See also Tariff.

Taylor, Bayard, recites ode at Centennial Exposition, IV.

Taylor, General Zachary, in the Mexican war, III. elected President, III. urges California to apply for statehood, III. his death. III.

Tea troubles in colonial America, II.

Tecumseh, II.

Telegraph, instruction and use of, III. ocean telegraphy, III., V.

Telephone, the. IV., V.

Teller, Senator, and the silver question, in Republican Convention 1896. V.

Temperance movement, III.

Tennessee, becomes a State, II. and secession, III. Centennial and International Exposition, V. Coal Creek riot, V.

Terry, General. IV.

Tesla, Nikola, V.

Texas, France takes possession of, I., IV. the Texan question, III. declares its independence of Mexico, III. annexation of, III. its boundaries, III. enlargement of, III. secedes, III.

Thanksgiving day. II.

Thayendanegea, II.

Theatres in United States in 1800, II.

Thevet, Andre, I.

Thomas, Gabriel, history of Pennsylvania, I.

Thomas, General George H., at Chickamauga, IV. at Missionary Ridge, IV. follows Hood, IV. routs Hood's army, IV.

Thurman, Allen G., nominated for Vice-President, V.

Ticonderoga taken, II. again in British hands,

Tilden. Samuel J., presidential nominee, IV.

Tippecanoe, II. "and Tyler too," III.

Tobacco, product of Maryland, I. in Virginia, I.

Topeka Convention, the, III.

Toral surrender, Santiago, V.

Toscanelli. I.

Trans-Missouri case, the, VI.

Travel in colonial America, I., II. in the fourth decade, III. by coach, III. by canal, III. transatlantic, III. by rail, III. improvement in, of late years, IV.

Treasury Department, II. and the panic of 1907, VI.

Treaties, annexing Hawaii, V. Treaty of Paris, Spain and United States, V.

Treaty of peace between England and America signed, II. its provisions, II. clause relating to fisheries, IV.

Treaty of Washington, the, IV. three rules laid down by, IV. on fisheries question, IV.

Trent affair, the, IV.

Trenton, Washington at, II.

Truckee-Carson Canal, VI.

Trumbull, Governor, of Connecticut, quoted, II.

Trust companies, VI.

Trusts, IV., VI.

Tubbles, Thomas H., Populist Party candidate, VI.

Tucson, Arizona, VI.

Turner, Captain, his attack on Indians at Connecticut Falls, I. killed, I.

Turner's rebellion, III.

Tuskegee Institute, V.

Twiggs, General, surrenders, III.

Tyler, John, elected Vice-President, III.

U

Uncas, I. and Miantonomoh, I.

Underhill, in Dutch-Indian war, I.

Union, the attitude of the North and South toward, III. the Calhoun theory, III. state authority and, III. "must be preserved," III.

United States, debt of, at close of the Revolution, II. critical condition of, II. population of, in 1700, II. distribution of population of, II. government departments of, II. the revenue system, II. the mint of, II. judiciary of, II. England's attitude toward, in 1793, II. France's insolence toward, II. war feeling in, II. centres of population in, II., VI. land system of, II. population of, in 1880, II. rural life, II. theatres and sports, II. lotteries, II. coinage, II., III. postal service, II., III., IV. newspapers, II., III. party strife, III. manufactures and inventions, II. factory system in, II. bank, II., III. internal improvements, III. and States rights, III. life and manners in the fourth decade, III. population of, in 1830, III. the West and the East in 1830 and 1840, III. literature in, III. charitable institutions, III. personal character, III. religions, III. industrial advance by 1840, III. railroads and canals in, III., VI. and Cuba, III. population and economic prosperity of, in 1860, III. seizure by secessionists of property of, III. borrows from banks to pay war debt, IV. and the Alabama claims, IV. her dispute with England on the fisheries question, IV. reduction of debt, IV. finances of, IV. labor agitations in, IV. industry, IV. art in, IV. suffrage in, IV. V immigration, IV., VI. Catholics in, IV. and Italy, V. industrial progress, V., VI. agriculture, V. foreign affairs, V. Federal court injunction in strikes, V. opinion in Europe over war with Spain, V. relations to Cuban Republic, V., VI. war in the Philippines, V. constitution and colonial possessions, V. government of colonies, V. population, V. population in 1910, VI. comparisons of population by States, VI. rapid growth of cities, VI. manufactures, V. foreign commerce, V. government in the Philippines, VI. cancels portion of Chinese debt, VI. treaty with China, VI. and Venezuela, VI. and South American Republics, VI. and Republic of Santo Domingo, VI. peace congresses held in, VI. and the Hague tribunal. VI. swampland area of, VI. financial system of, VI. Treasury aids New York city in panic of 1907, VI. sells Panama bonds, VI. farms in, VI. reciprocity with Canada, VI. government by "initiative," VI. the "referendum" VI. the "recall," VI. by the people, VI.

United States Steel Corporation. VI.

Usselinx, I.

Utah, as a territory, III. its prosperity, IV.

Utrecht, Treaty of, I.

V

Valley Forge, II.

Van Buren, Martin, III. and the panic of 1837, III. his spirit toward slavocrats, III. Jackson's influence for, III. and Mrs. Eaton, III. did not favor annexation of Texas, III. leads the "free soilers," III.

Vanderbilt, Cornelius, IV.

Vaudreuil, General, at Montreal, I.

Velasquez, Governor of Cuba, I.

Venezuela, and the Hague Tribunal, VI.

Vera Cruz captured, III.

Vergennes's prophecy, II.

Verrazano, explorations of, I. names explored land "New France." I.

Vespucci, Amerigo. See Amerigo Vespucci.

Vicksburg, siege and capture of, IV. famine at, IV.

Vienna, fight at. III.

Virginia, named by Queen Elizabeth, I. the old charter of, I. early population of, I. progress and products of, I. slavery in, I. social life in, I. hardships and dissensions in, I. new charter granted to, I. the "starving time" in, I. change in governing colony of, I. Indian hostilities in, I. self-government in, I. Virginia Company dissolved, I. colonies of, attached to the king and church of England, I. under Cromwell, I. conflict of, with Maryland, I. population of, in 1643, I. after the restoration, I. its spirit, population, and resources, I. under Lord Howard, I. under Nicholson, I. under Spotswood, I. population of, in 1700 and later, I. the clergy in, I. the first to urge a reform of the confederation, II. ratifies the Constitution, II. resolutions on the sedition acts. II. and slavery, III. and secession, III. McClellan's campaign in, III. attitude toward negroes at close of the war, IV.

Voting, reforms in, VI. direct vote, VI.

Vries, De, begins settlement of Delaware, I.

W

Waite, Morrison R., IV.

Walker, Rear-Admiral, and the Atlantic-Pacific canal commission, VI.

Walker, Sir Hoveden, I.

Walker, William, expedition of, III.

Wallace, General Lew, IV. defeated at Monocacy River, IV.

War Department, the, II.

War of 1812, II. ill-success of land operations, II. naval operations, II. opposition of Federalists to, II. attitude of New England toward, II. attitude of various sects toward, II. Czar Alexander seeks to end, II. close of, II. effect of, on the fisheries question, IV.

Warren, Joseph, killed, II. 73.

Wars. See Pequot War; Dutch Indian War; Philip, King, War of; William, King, War of; Anne, Queen, War of; George, King, War of; French and Indian War; Revolution; War of 1812; Seminole War; Mexican War; Civil War; Spanish-American War.

Washington, Booker T., V.

Washington, Fort, captured, II.

Washington, George, birth and education, I. at Great Meadows, I. only officer not wounded, I. his advice to Braddock unheeded, I. Rev. Samuel Davies's words concerning, I. his words concerning independence, II. chosen commander by Congress, II. his character, II. difficulties before him, II. his movements about New York, II. retreats across New Jersey, II. crosses the Delaware, II. at Trenton and Princeton, II. at Brandywine, Germantown, and Valley Forge, II. distrust of, II. at Monmouth,II. sends aid to the South, II. at Yorktown, II. his reply to Parliament, II. his entry into New York, II. his farewell to his army, and retirement, II. his words at Monmouth, II. the Custer of the Revolution, II. his character and ability, II. tributes to, by various writers, II. his influence, II. president of the Federal Convention of 1787, II. inaugurated President, II. a Federalist, II. domestic questions of the administration of, II. signs charter of United States Bank, II. his proclamation of neutrality toward France and England, II. Jefferson's criticisms of, II. Rives's criticism of, II. justification of his policy toward France, II. Genet's conduct toward, II. attended theatres, II. assailed, II. his treaty with the Barbary powers, II. germs of the Monroe doctrine in, III. centennial anniversary of inauguration as President, V.

Washington made a State, IV.

Washington, population of, in 1800, II. in peril at opening of civil war, III. Confederate forces close to, III. defenceless after Bull Run, III. General Early's advance against, IV. the treaty of, IV.

Water, conservation of, VI.

Waterways Commission, VI.

Watkins, Aaron S., Prohibition candidate, VI.

Watson, Thomas E., Populist Party candidate, VI.

Wayne, General Anthony, at Stony Point, II. his expedition against the Indians, II.

Ways and Means Committee, VI.

Weaver, General, Populistic candidate for President, V.

Webster, Daniel, quoted. II. the orator of the Whig Party, III. his record, III. superseded by Sumner, III.

Weed, Thurlow, III.

Wells, David A., IV.

West, the, II. in 1830, III. growth of, III. the new, IV. growth of States and cities, IV.

West India trade, III.

West Virginia admitted to the Union, III.

Wethersfield, founded, I.

Weyler, General, and the Cuba rebellion, V.

Wheeler, William A., IV.

Wheelwright purchases land in New Hampshire, I.

Whig Party, the, origin of, II., III. five doctrines of, III. characteristics of, III. interesting figures of, III. and the tariff, III. for paper money, III. its national spirit, III. opposed to slavery, III. adopt Harrison as their candidate, III. its attitude toward slavery, III. death of, III.

Whipple, Captain Abraham, II.

White, Justice, VI.

White Plains, battle of, II.

Whitney, Eli, and the saw-gin, III.

Whittier, John G., III.

Wickersham, George W., Attorney-General, VI.

Wigs, in colonial America, I.

Wilderness, the fight in the, IV.

Wilkes, Captain, and the Trent affair. IV.

Wilkinson, General, II.

William. King, vetoes witchcraft act, I. and Maryland, I. King William's war, I.

William and Mary College, I. Fort, captured. II.

Williams, Mr., his daughter at Deerfield, Mass., I.

Williams, Roger, I. his views, I. his exile, I. settles at Providence, I. and George Fox, I.

Wilmot Proviso, the, III.

Wilson, Henry, challenged by Brooks, III. becomes a Republican, III. nominated for Vice-President. IV.

Wilson, James, Secretary of Agriculture, VI.

Wilson Senate Bill, the, IV.

Windsor founded, I.

Winslow, Captain, IV.

Winthrop, Governor, I.

Winthrop, the younger, goes to London on Connecticut's behalf, I.

Wireless telegraphy, VI.

Wisconsin, population in 1830, III.

Wise, Governor, of Virginia, III.

Witchcraft, I. Cotton Mather's experiments in, I. trials for, I. reaction against, I.

Wolfe, General, at Quebec, I.

Woman, rights of, IV. higher education of, IV

Wood, General Leonard, Governor of Cuba, V., VI.

THE END