LOT M. MORRILL was born at Belgrade, Maine, in 1815. He studied at Waterville College, and was admitted to the bar in 1839. In 1854 he was a member of the Maine Legislature, and in 1856 he was President of the State Senate. In 1858 he was elected Governor of Maine, and was twice re-elected. In 1861 he was elected United States Senator from Maine for the unexpired term of Vice-President Hamlin. In 1863 he was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1869.—28, 204, 205, 207, 408, 484, 485, 489, 530.

DANIEL MORRIS was born in Seneca County, New York, January 4, 1812. He was bred a farmer, taught school for a time, and finally became a lawyer. Having been District Attorney for Yates County, and member of the State Legislature, he was in 1862 elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and in 1864 was re-elected. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is William H. Kelsey.

SAMUEL W. MOULTON was born in Wareham, Massachusetts, January 20, 1822. Having acquired a common-school education, at the age of twenty he emigrated to the West, and spent a year at Covington, Kentucky, where he commenced the study of law. He subsequently went to Mississippi, where he taught school, and continued the study of law. In 1845 he settled in Illinois, and soon after commenced the practice of law. In 1852 he was elected to the Legislature of Illinois, and was continuously re-elected until 1859. He was the author of the Free-School System of Illinois. He held the position of Chairman of the Board of Education for a number of years. He was a candidate for Presidential Elector on the Democratic ticket in 1856. On the breaking out of the Rebellion he joined the Republican party, and was in 1863 elected President of the Union League of Illinois. In 1864 he was elected Representative from the State at large to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was succeeded by John A. Logan in the Fortieth Congress.—149.

LEONARD MYERS was born in Attleborough, Pennsylvania, November 13, 1827. Having entered the profession of law, and settled in Philadelphia, he became Solicitor for two municipal districts in that city. He digested the ordinances for the consolidation of the city, and has translated several works from the French. In 1862 he was elected a member of the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.

JAMES W. NESMITH was born in Washington County, Maine, July 23, 1820. When quite young, he removed to New Hampshire, emigrated to Ohio in 1838, subsequently spent some time in Missouri, and finally settled in Oregon in 1843. In 1853 he was appointed United States Marshal for Oregon. In 1857 he was appointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon and Washington Territories. In 1861 he became United States Senator from Oregon for the term ending in 1867, when he was succeeded by Henry W. Corbett.

WILLIAM A. NEWELL is a native of Ohio, and a graduate of Rutger's College. He studied medicine, and took up his residence in Allentown, New Jersey. He was a member of Congress from that State from 1847 to 1851. In 1856 he was elected Governor of New Jersey, and held the office till 1860. He was again elected a Representative to Congress in 1864, and was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Charles Haight.

WILLIAM E. NIBLACK was born in Dubois County, Indiana, May 19, 1822, and spent his early life on a farm. He attended the Indiana University at intervals during three years, and afterwards devoted some time to surveying and civil engineering. In 1845 he commenced the practice of law, and in 1849 he was elected a Representative in the State Legislature. In the following year he was elected to the State Senate. In January, 1854, he was appointed Judge of the Third Judicial Circuit, to fill a vacancy, and was, in the following fall, elected to the office for the term of six years. In 1857 he was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-Fifth Congress, and was re-elected in 1859. After the close of the Thirty-Sixth Congress he served one term in the State Legislature. In 1864 he was again elected a Representative in Congress from Indiana, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.—526.

JOHN A. NICHOLSON was born in Laurel, Delaware, November 17, 1827. Having graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, he studied law, and settled in Dover, Delaware, where he was admitted to the bar in 1850. In 1865 he entered Congress as a Representative from Delaware, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.—361.

THOMAS E. NOELL was born in Perryville, Missouri, April 3, 1839. He was admitted to the bar at nineteen years of age, and practiced until 1861, when he was appointed a Military Commissioner for the arrest of disloyal persons. He subsequently went into the ranks of the State militia, and reached the rank of Major. In 1862 he was appointed a Captain in the Nineteenth Regiment of Regular United States Infantry. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.

DANIEL S. NORTON was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio, April 12, 1829. After being educated at Kenyon College, he served in the Mexican War. He subsequently went to California, and thence to Nicaragua, where he spent a year. Returning to Ohio, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1852. He emigrated to Minnesota in 1855, and was, two years after, elected to the State Senate, to which he was three times re-elected. In 1865 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Minnesota for the term ending in 1871.

JAMES W. NYE was born in Madison County, New York, June 10, 1815, and entered the profession of law. In 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln Governor of Nevada Territory. He held this office until the admission of Nevada into the Union, when he was elected a Senator from the new State for the term ending in 1871.—425, 457.

CHARLES O'NEILL was born in Philadelphia, March 21, 1821. Having graduated at Dickinson College, and studied law, he was admitted to the bar in 1843. He served five years in the House of Representatives and Senate of Pennsylvania. In 1862 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Eighth Congress. In 1865 he entered upon his second term in Congress, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

GODLOVE S. ORTH was born near Lebanon, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1817. He was educated at the Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg. In 1839 he was admitted to the bar, and removed to Indiana, locating in Lafayette. In 1843 he was elected to the Indiana Senate, and served six years. A part of the time he was President of that body. In 1848 he was a Whig candidate for Presidential Elector. In 1861 he was a member of the "Peace Congress." In 1862, Indiana being threatened with a sudden invasion, the Governor made a call for volunteers to meet the emergency. Mr. Orth immediately responded with two hundred men, who elected him their Captain. He was placed in command of the U. S. Ram "Horner," which cruised the Ohio river, and did much to restore and maintain quiet along its shores. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.—336.

HALBERT E. PAINE was born at Chardon, Ohio, February 4, 1826. Having graduated at the Western Reserve College in 1845, he studied law, and located in Cleveland. In 1857 he removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He entered the army in 1861 as Colonel of the Fourth Wisconsin Regiment, and soon rose to the rank of Brigadier General. He lost a leg in June, 1863, at the last assault on Port Hudson. Resigning his commission in 1865, he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Ninth Congress from Wisconsin, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.—504, 506.

DAVID T. PATTERSON was born at Cedar Creek, Green County, Tennessee, February 28, 1819. He was educated at Meadow Creek Academy and Greenville College. He followed for some time the business of a paper-maker, but gave attention to the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841, and practiced in Greenville. Here he married a daughter of Andrew Johnson. In 1854 he was elected Judge of the First Judicial Circuit of Tennessee. In May, 1865, he was elected a United States Senator from Tennessee for the term ending in 1869. After a protracted consideration and discussion of his case, he was sworn in near the close of the first session of the Thirty-Ninth Congress.—478, 482.

JAMES W. PATTERSON was born in Hanniker, New Hampshire, July 2, 1823. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1848. He was Professor of Mathematics in Dartmouth College from 1854 to 1859, and was then transferred to the chair of Astronomy and Meteorology. He was four years Secretary of the Board of Education of New Hampshire, and in 1862 he was a member of the State Legislature. He was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Thirty-Eighth and Thirty-Ninth Congresses. At the expiration of the latter Congress he became United States Senator from Vermont for the term ending in 1873.

SIDNEY PERHAM was born in Woodstock, Maine, March 27, 1819. Until his thirty-fourth year he was a farmer and a teacher. In 1852 he was elected a member of the State Board of Agriculture, and served two years. In 1855 he was a member of the Maine Legislature, and officiated as Speaker. In 1856 he was a Presidential Elector. In 1858 he was elected Clerk of a County Court, which position he held until 1862, when he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-Eighth Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.

CHARLES E. PHELPS was born in Guilford, Vermont, May 1, 1833. Having graduated at Princeton College in 1853, he came to the Maryland bar in 1855. In 1862 he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventh Maryland Volunteers, and was discharged, on account of wounds, in 1864. He was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.—156.

FREDERICK A. PIKE was born in Calais, Maine, where he now resides. He adopted the profession of law, and served some time as Attorney for the County. He was several years a member, and during one term Speaker, of the Maine House of Representatives. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-Seventh Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Eighth, Thirty-Ninth, and Fortieth Congresses.—348, 503, 504, 519, 553.

TOBIAS A. PLANTS was born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1811. After teaching school for several years, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841. Having settled in Ohio, he served in the State Legislature from 1858 to 1861. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.—509.

LUKE P. POLAND was born in Westford, Vermont, November 1, 1815. Having received an academical education he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836. In 1839 and 1840 he was Register of Probate for Lamoille County. In 1843 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and in the following year was elected Prosecuting Attorney for his County. In 1848 he was elected by the Legislature one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Vermont. This position he continued to hold by annual elections until November, 1865, when he was appointed to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate occasioned by the death of Judge Collamer. His term of service in the Senate closing March 4, 1867, he took his seat as a Representative from Vermont in the Fortieth Congress.—28, 459.

SAMUEL C. POMEROY was born in Southampton, Massachusetts, January 3, 1816. He entered Amherst College in 1836, and in 1838 went to Monroe County, New York, where he resided four years. He returned to his native town in 1842, and having espoused the Anti-Slavery cause, he labored zealously to advance its principles. Annually for eight years he ran on the Anti-Slavery ticket for the Massachusetts Legislature, without success, until 1852, when he was elected over both Whigs and Democrats. In 1854 he aided in organizing the New England Emigrant Aid Society, and was its financial agent, and the same year he conducted a colony to Kansas. He was a member of the Territorial Defense Committee, and was active in his efforts to protect the settlers from the border ruffians. During the famine in Kansas, he was Chairman of the Relief Committee. He was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1856 and 1860. In 1861 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Kansas, and was re-elected in 1867 for the term ending in 1873.—404, 487, 495.

THEODORE M. POMEROY was born in Cayuga, New York, December 31, 1824. He graduated at Hamilton College, and adopted the profession of law. From 1850 to 1856 he was District Attorney for his native county, and in 1857 was a member of the New York Legislature. In 1860 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-Seventh Congress, and has been re-elected to the Thirty-Eighth, Thirty-Ninth, and Fortieth Congresses.—30.

HIRAM PRICE was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1814. Removing to Iowa, he settled in the City of Davenport, and was made President of the State Bank of Iowa. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.—30.

WILLIAM RADFORD was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, June 24, 1814. He settled in New York City in 1829, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected in 1864. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by William H. Robertson.

ALEXANDER RAMSAY was born near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, September 8, 1815. In 1841 he was elected Clerk of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. From 1843 to 1847 he was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania. In 1849 he was appointed, by President Taylor, the first Territorial Governor of Minnesota, and held the office until 1853. During his term of office, he negotiated some important Indian treaties. From 1858 to 1862 he held the office of Governor of the State of Minnesota. In 1863 he was elected a United States Senator from Minnesota for the term ending in 1869.

SAMUEL J. RANDALL was born in Philadelphia, in 1828. He was for many years engaged in mercantile pursuits. He served four years in the Philadelphia City Council and one term in the State Senate. In 1862 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.—79, 444.

WILLIAM H. RANDALL was born in Kentucky. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1835. Having held the office of Clerk of the Circuit Court for a number of years, he was, in 1862, elected a Representative to Congress from Kentucky, and was re-elected in 1864. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is George M. Adams.

HENRY J. RAYMOND was born in Lima, New York, January 24, 1820. He was brought up on a farm, and became teacher in a district school when sixteen years of age. In 1840 he graduated at the University of Vermont, and soon after went to New York City, where, in 1841, he became managing editor of the "New York Tribune." He subsequently became the leading editor of the "New York Courier and Enquirer." In 1849 he was elected to the New York Legislature, and having been re-elected, was made Speaker of the House. In 1851 he established the "New York Times." He was subsequently elected Lieutenant-Governor of New York, and was again a member of the General Assembly. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Thomas E. Stewart.—31, 155, 234, 314, 317, 328, 364, 370, 372, 439, 440, 512, 524, 525, 564.

ALEXANDER H. RICE was born in Newton, Massachusetts, in August, 1818. He graduated at Union College in 1844, and subsequently engaged in the manufacture of paper. In 1853 he was elected a member and President of the City Council of Boston. In 1856 and 1857 he was Mayor of Boston. In 1858 he was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-Sixth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Seventh, Thirty-Eighth, and Thirty-Ninth Congresses. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Ginery Twitchell.

JOHN H. RICE was born in Mount Vernon, Maine, February 5, 1816. Having been successively sheriff, lumberman, and lawyer, he was, in 1852, elected State Attorney of Maine. He held this office until 1860, when he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-Seventh Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Eighth and Thirty-Ninth Congresses. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by John A. Peters.

GEORGE REED RIDDLE was born in New Castle, Delaware, in 1817. He was educated at Delaware College. Devoting himself to civil engineering, he was occupied for some years in locating and constructing canals and railroads. He afterwards studied law, and was admitted to the Delaware bar in 1848. In 1850 he was chosen a Representative in Congress from Delaware, and was re-elected in 1852. In 1864 he was elected a United States Senator for the term ending in 1869, and died in Washington, March, 1867.

BURWELL C. RITTER was born in Kentucky, January 10, 1810. He has devoted his life to agricultural pursuits. In 1843, and again in 1850, he was a member of the State Legislature. In 1865 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. John Young Brown was elected as his successor in the Fortieth Congress.—149.

ANDREW J. ROGERS was born in Hamburg, New Jersey, July 1, 1828. He spent his youth as an assistant in a hotel and in a country store. He studied law while engaged in school-teaching, and was admitted to the bar in 1852. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and in 1864 was re-elected. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by John Hill.—59, 222, 306, 325, 447, 462, 520, 553.

EDWARD H. ROLLINS was born in Rollingford, New Hampshire, October 3, 1824. Having received an academical education, he taught school for some time, and subsequently engaged in mercantile pursuits. From 1855 to 1857 he was a member of the New Hampshire Legislature, and during two years was Speaker of the House. In 1856 he was Chairman of the State Republican Committee. In 1860 he was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Thirty-Seventh Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Eighth and Thirty-Ninth Congresses. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Aaron F. Stevens.

EDMUND G. ROSS was born in Wisconsin. He learned the art of printing, and became an editor. In 1856 he removed to Kansas, and took an active part in the affairs of the territory. He was a member of the Kansas Constitutional Convention of 1858. From that time until 1861 he was a member of the State Legislature. He served in a Kansas regiment during the rebellion, and reached the rank of Major. He subsequently became editor of the "Lawrence Tribune." In July, 1866, he was appointed a Senator in Congress from Kansas for the unexpired term of James H. Lane, deceased.

LEWIS W. ROSS was born in Seneca County, New York, December 8, 1812. He was removed in boyhood to Illinois. He was educated at Illinois College, and adopted the profession of law. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1840 and 1844. He was a Democratic Presidential Elector in 1848, and a delegate to the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions of 1860. In 1861 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and in the following year was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-Eighth Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.—513.

LOVELL H. ROUSSEAU was born in Stanford, Kentucky, August 4, 1818. He studied law, and removed to Indiana in 1841. He was three years a member of the Indiana House of Representatives, and three years a member of the State Senate. He served as a Captain in the Mexican War, and on his return settled in Louisville, Kentucky. In 1860 he was elected to the Senate of Kentucky, and after serving through the stormy session of 1861 he resigned, to raise a regiment for the war. In June, 1861, he was commissioned a Colonel, and in October of the same year was made a Brigadier General. In October of the following year he was promoted to the rank of Major General for his gallantry in the battles of Shiloh and Stone River. In 1865 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. At the close of his Congressional term he was commissioned a Brigadier General in the Regular Army, and assigned to the command of the newly acquired possessions of the United States in the North-west.—31, 151, 572, 573, 574.

WILLARD SAULSBURY was born in Kent County, Delaware, June 2, 1820. He was educated at Delaware College and Dickinson College. Having studied law, he was admitted to the bar in 1845. In 1850 he was appointed Attorney General of Delaware, and held the office five years. In 1859 he was elected a United States Senator from Delaware, and was re-elected in 1865 for the term ending in 1871.—24, 44, 124, 127, 136, 192, 219, 287, 306, 405, 456, 458, 496, 531, 534, 548.

PHILETUS SAWYER was born in Whiting, Addison County, Vermont. After receiving a common-school and business education, he removed to Wisconsin and engaged in the lumber trade. In 1857 and 1861 he was elected to the Wisconsin Legislature. He served as Mayor of Oshkosh in 1863 and 1864. In the latter year he was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.

ROBERT C. SCHENCK was born in Franklin, Ohio, October 4, 1809. He graduated at Miami University in 1827. He studied law under Thomas Corwin, and was admitted to the bar in 1831. He was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1841, and served two terms. In 1842 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Twenty-Eighth Congress, and served four successive terms. At the close of Thirty-First Congress, in 1851, he was appointed by President Fillmore Minister to Brazil, and negotiated several important treaties with South American Governments. After his return in 1853, he became largely interested in railroad enterprises, and was President of a line from Fort Wayne, Indiana, to the Mississippi. At the breaking out of the rebellion he offered his services to the Government, and was commissioned a Brigadier General, May 17, 1861. He was in numerous engagements, including both the Bull Run battles, where he displayed much skill and bravery. He was promoted to the rank of Major General in August, 1862, and was assigned to the command of the Middle Department, including Baltimore, Maryland, in which he rendered efficient service to the country. Having, been re-elected to Congress, he resigned his commission in December, 1863, and took his seat in the Thirty-Eighth Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.—31, 352, 353, 354, 366, 439, 537, 552.

GLENNI W. SCOFIELD was born in Chautauque County, March 11, 1817. He graduated at Hamilton College in 1840, and removed to Warren, Pennsylvania, where he was admitted to the bar in 1843. In 1850 and 1851 he was a Representative in the Pennsylvania Legislature, and from 1857 to 1859 was a State Senator. In 1861 he was appointed President Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial District of the State. In 1865 he was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.—56, 508.

GEORGE S. SHANKLIN was born in Jessamine County, Kentucky. He engaged in the practice of law, and in agricultural affairs. He was several years a member of the Kentucky Legislature, and was Commonwealth's Attorney of a Judicial District. He was a member of the Philadelphia Convention of 1856 which nominated Fillmore. In 1865 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by James B. Beck.—151, 440, 552.

SAMUEL SHELLABARGER was born in Clark County, Ohio, December 10, 1817. He graduated at the Miami University in 1841. He studied law, and having been admitted to the bar practiced in the city of Springfield, Ohio. In 1852 and 1853 he was a member of the Ohio Legislature. In 1860 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-Seventh Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.—156, 231, 238, 345, 444, 512, 522.

JOHN SHERMAN was born in Lancaster, Ohio, May 10, 1823. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1844. He was a delegate to the Whig Conventions of 1848 and 1852. In 1854 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-Fourth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Fifth, Thirty-Sixth, and Thirty-Seventh Congresses. In the memorable contest for the Speakership of the House which occurred in 1859 he was the Republican candidate, and through a long series of ballotings lacked but one or two votes of an election. On the resignation of Senator Chase in 1861, he was elected a Senator in Congress from Ohio, and in 1866 he was re-elected for the term ending in 1873.—27, 98, 161, 420, 422, 454, 460, 476, 500, 501, 534, 535, 541.

CHARLES SITGREAVES was born in Easton, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1803. He adopted the profession of law and settled in New Jersey. In 1831 and 1833 he was a member of the New Jersey Assembly. In 1834 and 1835 he was member and President of the Legislative Council. From 1852 to 1854 he served in the State Senate. He subsequently held the positions of Mayor of Phillipsburg, President of the Belvidere and Delaware Railroad Company, and Trustee of the State Normal School. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.

ITHAMAR C. SLOAN was born in Madison County, New York. He adopted the profession of law, and removed to Wisconsin in 1854. In 1858 and 1860 he was elected District Attorney of Rock County. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Benjamin F. Hopkins.—334, 335.

GREEN CLAY SMITH was born in Richmond, Kentucky, July 2, 1830. He graduated at Transylvania College in 1849, and in the Law Department of the same institution in 1852. He served in the Mexican War as Second Lieutenant, and at the breaking out of the rebellion was commissioned to command the Fourth Kentucky Cavalry. In 1862 he was appointed a Brigadier General, and subsequently reached the rank of Major General. After participating in numerous battles, he resigned his military commission in December, 1863, to take his seat as a Representative from Kentucky in the Thirty-Eighth Congress. He was re-elected a member of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, but before the expiration of his term he was appointed by the President Governor of the Territory of Montana.—439.

RUFUS P. SPALDING was born at West Tisbury, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, May 3, 1798. He entered Yale College in 1813, and graduated in 1817. After studying law he emigrated to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained one year, and then went to Arkansas. Having spent a year and a half in that State he returned to Ohio, and practiced his profession successively in Warren, Ravenna, and Akron, and finally at Cleveland, where he now resides. In 1839 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature. He was re-elected in 1841, and made Speaker of the House. In 1849 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.—319, 443, 508.

WILLIAM SPRAGUE was born in Cranston, Rhode Island, September 11, 1830. He was educated chiefly at the Irving Institute, Tarrytown, New York. He subsequently spent several years in the counting-room of his uncle, upon whose death he came into possession of one of the largest manufacturing interests in the country. In 1861 he was elected Governor of Rhode Island. He entered with zeal into the national cause at the breaking out of the rebellion, and was with the Rhode Island Volunteers at the first battle of Bull Run. In 1862 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island for the term ending in 1869.—27, 494.

JOHN F. STARR was born in Philadelphia in 1818. He removed to New Jersey in 1844, and engaged in business pursuits. In 1863 he was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by William Moore.

THADDEUS STEVENS was born in Caledonia County, Vermont, April 4, 1793. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1814, and in the same year removed to Pennsylvania. While teaching in an academy he studied law, and in 1816 was admitted to the bar in the County of Adams. In 1833 he was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and served four terms, rendering signal service to the State by originating the school-system of Pennsylvania. He early espoused the cause of anti-slavery, and became an earnest advocate of equal rights. In 1836 he was elected a member of the Convention to revise the State Constitution, and refused to append his name to the amended instrument, because it restricted suffrage on account of color. In 1838 he was appointed a Canal Commissioner. In 1842 he removed to Lancaster, where he now resides. In 1848 he was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-First Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Second, Thirty-Sixth, Thirty-Seventh, Thirty-Eighth, Thirty-Ninth, and Fortieth Congresses.—18, 24, 29, 34, 48, 156, 308, 325, 333, 336, 357, 366, 417, 418, 435, 436, 449, 463, 478, 502, 503, 504, 513, 514, 518, 524, 528, 535, 536, 547, 555, 557, 563, 575.

WILLIAM M. STEWART was born in Wayne County, New York, August 9, 1827, and removed with his father to Ohio in 1835. He entered Yale College in 1848, where he remained eighteen months. He then went to California and spent two years in the mining business. In 1852 he commenced studying law, and was soon after elected District Attorney for the County of Nevada. In 1854 he was appointed to perform the duties of Attorney General of California, and subsequently practiced law in Nevada City and Downieville. In 1860 he removed to that part of Utah territory which is now Nevada, and served in the Territorial Legislature of the following year. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1863. He was soon after elected a United States Senator from the new State of Nevada for the term ending in 1869.—28, 100, 107, 202, 275, 427, 435, 454, 456, 459, 530.

THOMAS N. STILWELL was born in Butler County, Ohio, August 29, 1830. He was educated at Miami University and Farmer's College. He studied law, and, removing to Indiana in 1852, he was admitted to the bar, and practiced until 1855, when he engaged in banking. In 1856 he was a Representative in the Indiana Legislature. He raised a regiment of volunteers for the war, and served some time as Quartermaster. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by John P. C. Shanks. He was appointed by President Johnson United States Minister to Venezuela.—564.

JOHN P. STOCKTON was born in Princeton, New Jersey, August 2, 1825. His father and grandfather were United States Senators, and his great-grandfather was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He graduated at Princeton College in 1843, and, having studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1849. He was appointed by the Legislature of New Jersey to revise the laws of the State. As reporter in chancery, he published three volumes of Reports, which bear his name. In 1858 he was appointed by President Buchanan Minister Resident to Rome. In 1865 he appeared in Congress as a Senator from New Jersey. The question of his right to the seat underwent long discussion, and at length was decided against him on the 27th of March, 1866.—568.

WILLIAM B. STOKES was born in Chatham County, North Carolina, September 9, 1814. His father was killed by an accident while emigrating to Tennessee in 1818. He enjoyed but few advantages of early education, and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. In 1849 he was elected a Representative in the Tennessee Legislature, and was re-elected in 1851. He was elected to the State Senate in 1855. In 1859 he was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-Sixth Congress. At the close of his Congressional term he took a bold stand and made numerous speeches against secession in Tennessee. In 1862 he recruited and commanded a regiment of cavalry, which saw much hard fighting and did valuable service. At the close of the war he was brevetted Brigadier General. In 1865 he was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was admitted in July, 1866. He was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.—480, 536.

MYER STROUSE was born in Germany, December 16, 1825. He came with his father to America in 1832, and settled in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Having received an academical education, he studied law. From 1848 to 1852 he edited the "North American Farmer," in Philadelphia, and subsequently devoted himself to the practice of law. In 1862 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected in 1864. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Henry L. Cake.—444.

CHARLES SUMNER was born in Boston, January 6, 1811. He graduated at Harvard College in 1830, spent three years in the Cambridge Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1834. For three years he edited the "American Jurist," and was subsequently Reporter of the United States Circuit Court. He published several volumes of Reports, and has devoted much attention to literary pursuits. He published in 1850 two volumes of "Orations;" in 1853 a work on "White Slavery in the Barbary States;" and in 1856 a volume of "Speeches and Addresses." In 1851 he was elected a United States Senator from Massachusetts. In 1856 he was assaulted in the Senate Chamber by Preston S. Brooks, of South Carolina, and so seriously injured that he sought restoration by a temporary absence in Europe. Just before his departure he was elected to the Senate for a second term, and in 1863 was re-elected for a third term ending in 1869.—15, 26, 28, 99, 108, 373, 374, 380, 386, 392, 406, 413, 435, 453, 483, 499, 540, 541, 563, 571.

STEPHEN TABER, whose father, Thomas Taber, was a Member of Congress, was born in Dover, Dutchess County, New York. Having received an academical education, he devoted himself to agriculture in Queens County, on Long Island. In 1860 and 1861 he was elected to the State Legislature. In 1863 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Ninth Congress and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

NATHANIEL G. TAYLOR was born in Carter County, Tennessee, December 29, 1819, and graduated at Princeton College in 1840. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1843, but subsequently became a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church South. In 1852 he was a Presidential Elector, and in 1854 was elected a Representative in Congress from Tennessee. In 1865 he was re-elected a Representative in the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was admitted to his seat in July, 1866. R. R. Butler was elected as his successor in the Fortieth Congress.—480.

NELSON TAYLOR was born in South Norwalk, Connecticut, June 8, 1821. He served through the Mexican War as Captain in the First Regiment of New York Volunteers. He subsequently went to California, and was elected a member of the State Senate in 1849. In 1853 he was elected Sheriff of San Joaquin County, California. In 1861 he entered the military service as Colonel of the Seventy-Second Regiment of New York Volunteers, and became a Brigadier General. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is John Morrissey.

M. RUSSELL THAYER was born in Petersburg, Virginia, January 27, 1819, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1840. He studied law, and having been admitted to the bar in 1842, he located in Philadelphia. In 1862 he was elected a Representative in the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Caleb N. Taylor—83, 225, 438, 522, 538.

FRANCIS THOMAS was born in Frederick County, Maryland, February 3, 1799. He was educated at St. John's College, Annapolis. He studied law, and was admitted to practice at Frederick in 1820. He was elected to the Maryland Legislature in 1822, 1827, and 1829, when he was chosen Speaker. In 1831 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and served for ten consecutive years. In 1841 he declined a renomination for Congress. In the fall of that year he was elected Governor of Maryland, and served until January, 1845. In 1848 he supported Van Buren and Adams on the Buffalo Anti-Slavery platform. In 1850 he was a member of the Maryland Constitutional Convention. At the breaking out of the Rebellion he raised a brigade of 3,000 volunteers for the military service. In March, 1863, he originated and assisted in securing popular approval of a measure which resulted in the emancipation of all the slaves of Maryland. He was re-elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-Sixth, Thirty-Seventh, Thirty-Eighth, Thirty-Ninth, and Fortieth Congresses.

JOHN L. THOMAS, Jr., was born in Baltimore, May 20, 1835, and was educated at the Alleghany County Academy. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. He was appointed Solicitor for the City of Baltimore in 1861, and held the office two years. In 1863 he was elected State Attorney for Maryland, and in 1864 he served as a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention. In 1865 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Ninth Congress to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of E. H. Webster. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Stephenson Archer.

ANTHONY THORNTON was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, November 19, 1814. He graduated at the Miami University, and having studied law, he settled in Illinois. He was a member of the Illinois Constitutional Conventions of 1847 and 1862. In 1850 he was a member of the State Legislature. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Albert G. Burr.—228.

LAWRENCE S. TRIMBLE was born in Fleming, Kentucky, August 26, 1825. He received an academical education, and entered the profession of law. In 1851 and 1852 he was a member of the Kentucky Legislature. From 1856 to 1860 he was Judge of the Equity and Criminal Court of the First Judicial District of the State. He was subsequently for five years President of the New Orleans and Ohio Railroad Company. In 1865 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.—152, 342, 511.

ROWLAND E. TROWBRIDGE was born in Elmira, New York, June 18, 1821, and when a child removed to Michigan with his parents, who were among the first settlers that penetrated the wilderness back of the old French settlements. He graduated at Kenyon College, and engaged in the business of farming. In 1856 and 1858 he was elected a member of the Michigan Senate. In 1860 he was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-Seventh Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.

LYMAN TRUMBULL was born in Colchester, Connecticut, in 1813. He entered the profession of law, and removed to Illinois. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1840, and was Secretary of State in 1841 and 1842. He was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1848 to 1853. In 1854 he was elected a Representative for Illinois to the Thirty-Fourth Congress, and was soon after elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1855. He was re-elected in 1861, and again in 1867.—22, 28, 45, 98, 104, 105, 108, 120, 136, 158, 162, 171, 188, 190, 199, 209, 216, 253, 269, 424, 457, 476, 540.

CHARLES UPSON was born in Southington, Hartford County, Connecticut, March 19, 1821. He received an academical education, and at the age of sixteen he commenced teaching school, in which he was employed during the winters of seven years. He attended the law school of Yale College for some time, and in 1845 removed to Michigan. In 1848 he was elected County Clerk, and in 1852 Prosecuting Attorney for St. Joseph County. In 1854 he was elected to the State Senate. In 1860 he was elected Attorney General of Michigan, and declined a renomination. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.

HENRY VAN AERNAM was born in Marcellus, New York, March 11, 1819. After receiving an academical education and graduating at a medical college, he settled as a physician and surgeon in Franklinville, New York. In 1858 he was a member of the State Legislature. In 1862 he entered the army as surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty-Fourth New York Regiment. He resigned this position in 1864, and was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

BURT VAN HORN was born in Newfane, Niagara County, New York, October 28, 1823, and was educated at the Madison University. He was elected to the New York Legislature in 1858, and served three terms. In 1860 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-Seventh Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.—87, 527.

ROBERT T. VAN HORN was born in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1824. After serving an apprenticeship in a printing-office, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849. He subsequently published a newspaper two years in Pomeroy, Ohio. In 1855 he emigrated to Kansas City, Missouri, where he established a newspaper which is now the "Daily Journal of Commerce." In 1861 he was elected Mayor of Kansas City. He was in the military service as Major and Lieutenant-Colonel from 1861 to 1864. He was wounded and taken prisoner at Lexington, Missouri, and after his exchange saw much active service in Tennessee. While still in the army, he was elected a member of the Missouri Senate, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.

PETER G. VAN WINKLE was born in the City of New York, September 7, 1808, and removed to Parkersburg, West Virginia, in 1835. He was a member of the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850, and of the Wheeling Convention of 1861. He aided in forming the Constitution of West Virginia in 1862. He became a member of the Legislature of that State at its organization, and in November, 1863, he was elected a United States Senator from West Virginia for the term ending in 1869.—194, 459.

DANIEL W. VOORHEES was born in Fountain County, Indiana, September 26, 1828. He graduated at the Indiana Asbury University in 1849, and commenced the practice of law in 1851. He held the office of United States District Attorney for three years, by appointment of President Buchanan. In 1860 he was elected a Representative to Congress from Indiana, and re-elected in 1862. He appeared in December, 1865, as a member of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, but remained only a short time, his seat having been successfully contested by Henry D. Washburn.—568.

BENJAMIN F. WADE was born in Feeding Hills Parish, Massachusetts, October 27, 1800. He received a common-school education, and was employed for some time in teaching. At the age of twenty-one he removed to Ohio and engaged in agriculture. He subsequently studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828. Thereafter he successively held the offices of Justice of the Peace, Prosecuting Attorney for Ashtabula County, State Senator, and Judge of the Circuit Court. In 1851 he was elected a United States Senator from Ohio, and has been twice re-elected, his third term ending in 1869. In March, 1867, he was elected President, pro tempore, of the Senate, and thus became acting Vice-President of the United States—15, 28, 50, 276, 279, 283, 428, 454, 477, 490, 576.

ANDREW H. WARD is a lawyer by profession, and a resident of Cynthiana, Kentucky. He was a Representative from the Sixth District of Kentucky to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Thomas L. Jones.—509.

HAMILTON WARD was born in Salisbury, New York, July 3, 1829. He worked on a farm until nineteen years of age, and was favored with but few facilities for acquiring education. In 1848 he began the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1851. In 1856 he was elected District Attorney for Alleghany County, and was re-elected in 1862. At an early period of the war he was appointed by the Governor a member of the Senatorial Military Committee, and in that capacity aided in raising several regiments of volunteers for the army. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.—306, 361.

SAMUEL L. WARNER was born in Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1829. He received an academical education, and having studied law at the Yale and Harvard Law Schools, was admitted to the bar in 1853. He was soon after appointed Executive Secretary of State. In 1857 he was a member of the Connecticut Legislature. In 1860 he was a delegate and a Secretary of the Baltimore Convention. In 1861 he was elected Mayor of Middletown, and served two terms. In 1865 he was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Julius Hotchkiss.—507.

ELLIHU B. WASHBURN was born in Livermore, Maine, September 23 1816. After serving an apprenticeship in the printing-office of the "Kennebec Journal," he studied law at Harvard University. He subsequently removed to Illinois, and settled in Galena. In 1852 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-Third Congress. He has been elected to every succeeding Congress including the Fortieth, and has been longer in continuous service than any other member of the House.—30.

HENRY D. WASHBURN was born in Windsor, Vermont, March 28, 1832. In his youth he served one year as an apprentice to the tanner's trade, and subsequently was employed as a school-teacher. In 1853 he graduated at the New York State and National Law School, and settled in Newport, Indiana. In 1854 he was appointed Auditor of Vermillion County, and in 1856 was elected to the same position. In 1861 he raised a company of volunteers, of which he was elected Captain. He was soon after made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Eighteenth Indiana Infantry, and was commissioned Colonel June, 1862. He saw much active service, and was breveted a Major General July 26, 1865. He contested the seat held by D. W. Voorhees as a Representative from Indiana, and was declared by the Committee on Elections to be entitled to the place. He was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.—568.

WILLIAM B. WASHBURN was born in Winchendon, Massachusetts, January 31, 1820. He graduated at Yale College in 1844, and subsequently engaged in the business of manufacturing. In 1850 he was a Senator, and in 1854 a Representative, in the Legislature of Massachusetts. He was subsequently President of Greenfield Bank. In 1862 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.

MARTIN WELKER was born in Knox County, Ohio, April 25, 1819. When a farmer's boy and a clerk in a store, he applied himself diligently to study, and without the aid of schools obtained a liberal education. At the age of eighteen he commenced the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1840. In 1851 he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the Sixth District of Ohio, and served five years. In 1857 he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, and served one term, declining a renomination. At the beginning of the war he served three months as a staff officer with the rank of Major, and was then appointed Judge Advocate General of the State. In 1862 he was Assistant Adjutant General of Ohio, and Superintendent of the draft. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-Ninth Congress and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

JOHN WENTWORTH, grandson of a member of the Continental Congress of 1778, was born in Sandwich, New Hampshire, March 5, 1815. He graduated at Dartmouth College, and completed a course of legal study in Harvard University. In 1836 he removed to Illinois, and settled in Chicago. He conducted the "Chicago Democrat," as editor and proprietor, for twenty-five years. In 1837 he became a member of the Board of Education, and occupied that position many years. In 1842 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Twenty-Eighth Congress, and subsequently served in the Twenty-Ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-First, and Thirty-Second Congresses. In 1857 and 1860 he was Mayor of Chicago, and was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1861. In 1864 a Representative in Congress for his sixth term. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Norman B. Judd. In 1867 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Dartmouth College.—18, 556, 557.

KELLIAN V. WHALEY was born in Onondaga County, New York, May 6, 1821. When quite young he removed with his father to Ohio, where he was favored with few educational advantages. At the age of twenty-one he settled in Western Virginia, and engaged in the lumber and mercantile business. He was an active opponent of secession in 1860, and as such was elected a Representative in the Thirty-Seventh Congress. He acted as an Aid to Governor Pierpont in organizing regiments, and was in command in the battle of Guandotte, when he was taken prisoner, in November, 1861. He made his escape from his captors, however, and was soon able to take his seat in Congress. He was reelected to the Thirty-Eighth and Thirty-Ninth Congresses. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Daniel Polsley.

WAITMAN T. WILLEY was born on Buffalo Creek, Monongalia County, Virginia, October 18, 1811. He graduated at Madison College in 1831, and was admitted to the bar. From 1841 to 1855 he was Clerk of the Courts of Monongalia County and the Judicial Circuit. He was a member of the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850. He was a delegate to the Richmond Convention held in the winter of 1860-61. In 1861 he was a member of the Wheeling Constitutional Convention. In 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress from West Virginia, and has since been re-elected for the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871. In 1863 he received the degree of LL.D. from Alleghany College of Pennsylvania.—458, 485, 486, 496.

GEORGE H. WILLIAMS was born in Columbia County, New York, March 23, 1823. He received an academical education, and studied law. Immediately after being admitted to the bar in 1844 he removed to Iowa. In 1847 he was elected Judge of the First Judicial District of Iowa. In 1852 he was a Presidential Elector. In 1853 he was appointed by President Pierce Chief Justice of the Territory of Oregon, and was re-appointed by President Buchanan in 1857. He was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of Oregon. In 1864 he was elected a United States Senator from Oregon for the term ending in 1871.—393, 488, 516, 517, 529, 531, 539, 540, 559.

THOMAS WILLIAMS was born in Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, August 28, 1806. He graduated at Dickinson College in 1825, and studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1828, and settled in Pittsburg. From 1838 to 1841 he was member of the State Senate. In 1860 he was a Representative in the State Legislature. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Eighth Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.

HENRY WILSON was born in Farmington, New Hampshire, February 16, 1812. His parents were in very humble circumstances, and at ten years of age he was apprenticed to a farmer till he was twenty-one. On attaining his majority, he went to Natick, Massachusetts, where he learned the trade of shoemaking, and worked at the business nearly three years. He then secured an academical education, and, after teaching school a short time, engaged in shoe-manufacturing, which he continued for several years. In 1841 and 1842 he was a Senator, and in 1844, 1845, 1856, and 1850, a Representative, in the Legislature of Massachusetts. In 1851 and 1852 he was re-elected a member of the State Senate, of which he was President. In 1855 he was elected a United States Senator from Massachusetts to succeed Edward Everett, and in 1859 was re-elected for the full term. In the recess of Congress in the summer of 1861, he raised the Twenty-Second Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, of which he was commissioned Colonel. He subsequently served on General McClellan's staff, until the meeting of Congress in December. During the war he occupied the arduous and responsible position in the Senate of Chairman of the Committee of Military Affairs. At the opening of the Thirty-Ninth Congress he entered upon his third Senatorial term, which will end in 1871.—15, 95, 97, 101, 135, 214, 402, 410, 431, 435, 437, 487, 491, 498, 530, 531, 532.

JAMES F. WILSON was born in Newark, Ohio, October 19, 1828. He entered upon the profession of law, and removed to Iowa in 1853. In 1856 he was elected a member of the Iowa Constitutional Convention. In 1857 he was elected a Representative, and in 1859 a Senator, in the State Legislature. In 1861 he was President of the Iowa Senate. In that year he was elected a Representative from Iowa to fill a vacancy in the Thirty-Seventh Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Eighth, Thirty-Ninth, and Fortieth Congresses.—31, 51, 230, 237, 239, 288, 294, 325, 536.

STEPHEN F. WILSON was born at Columbia, Pennsylvania, September 4, 1821. He received his education at Wellsboro' Academy, where he subsequently engaged for a short time in teaching. He finally became a lawyer, and was, in 1863, elected a State Senator. In 1864 he was chosen a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

WILLIAM WINDOM was born in Belmont County, Ohio, May 10, 1827. He received an academical education, and studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1850, and was soon after elected Prosecuting Attorney for Knox County, Ohio. In 1853 he removed to Minnesota, and settled in Winona. In 1858 he was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the Thirty-Sixth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Seventh, Thirty-Eighth, Thirty-Ninth, and Fortieth Congresses.—229.

CHARLES H. WINFIELD was born in Orange County, New York, April 22, 1822. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1846. From 1850 to 1856 he was District Attorney for Orange County. He was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Eighth Congress from New York, and was in 1864 re-elected for a second term. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Charles H. Van Wyck.—20, 515.

FREDERICK E. WOODBRIDGE was born in Vergennes, Vermont, August 29, 1818. He graduated at the University of Vermont in 1840, and was admitted to the bar in 1842. He served three years as a Representative, and two years as a Senator, in the Vermont Legislature. He subsequently served three years as Auditor of State. In 1863 he was elected a Representative from Vermont to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.

EDWIN R. V. WRIGHT was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, January 2, 1812. He learned the trade of a printer, and in 1835 edited and published the "Jersey Blue." He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839. He was elected to the State Senate in 1843. He subsequently held for five years the office of District Attorney for Hudson County. In 1859 he was the Democratic Candidate for Governor of New Jersey, and was defeated by a small majority. He was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by George A. Halsey.—363.

WILLIAM WRIGHT was born in Clarkstown, Rockland County, New York, in 1791. In 1823 he removed to Newark, New Jersey, and held the office of Mayor of that city for a number of years. He was a Representative in Congress four years, commencing in 1843. In 1853 he was elected United States Senator for the term ending in 1859. In 1863 he was again elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1869. He died before the expiration of the term for which he was elected.—276, 569.

RICHARD YATES was born in Warsaw, Kentucky, in 1818. Having studied one year at the Miami University, Ohio, he removed to Illinois, and graduated at Illinois College in 1838. He studied at the Law School of Lexington, Kentucky, and having been admitted to the bar, he settled in Jacksonville, Illinois. In 1842 he was elected to the State Legislature, and served until 1850. In 1851 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Illinois, and served two terms. He was subsequently President of a railroad for several years. In 1861 he was elected Governor of Illinois for the term of four years. During his administration, 258,000 troops were raised in Illinois and sent to the field. He was not only active in his State in promoting the success of the national cause, but he frequently encouraged the regiments of Illinois by his presence with them in the camp and on the field. In 1865 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Illinois for the term ending in 1871.—28, 272, 398, 400, 461, 462, 484, 491.



ANALYTICAL INDEX

ABANDONED Lands, restored to rebel owners, 143.

ADAMS, J. Q., Expenses of his Administration, 111.

ADMISSION of Southern Representatives proposed, 279.

AGRICULTURE, Senate Committee on, 27, 31.

ALABAMA, Black Code of, 146.

ALHAMBRA, the betrayal of, 65.

ALLEGIANCE and Protection reciprocal, 257.

AMALGAMATION, not an effect of Negro Suffrage, 75.

AMENDMENT, Constitutional, effect of, 196; confers Civil Rights, 210; the Civil Rights Bill, a sequel to, 225; a warrant for the Civil Rights Bill, 229; confers citizenship, 273.

AMENDMENT, Constitutional, of Basis of Representation, 324; explained by Mr. Stevens, 325; failure in passage, 416.

AMENDMENT, Constitutional, for Negro Suffrage proposed, 377; advocated, 387; voted down, 415.

AMENDMENT, Constitutional, for Reconstruction, proposed, 435; final passage, 463; ratified by numerous legislatures, 505; then and now, 512.

AMENDMENTS, Constitutional, needed, 312.

AMENDMENT to Freedmen's Bureau Bill, proposed by Mr. Cowan, 136; rejected, 136; to title of the bill, 136; proposed in the Senate, 296.

AMENDMENT to Civil Rights Bill by Mr. Hendricks, 218; by Mr. Saulsbury, 219.

AMENDMENT, the power of, exhausted, 349.

AMENDMENTS, a complicity of, 363.

AMENDMENT, a crablike, 375.

AMERICAN Citizenship, what it amounts to, 257.

ANCIENT Governments, exceptional in their liberty, 206.

ANDERSONVILLE, rebel atrocities at, 101.

ANTHRACITE not suitable material for a Corinthian column, 56.

APPEAL of Mr. Saulsbury, 534.

APPEAL to the people against Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 152.

APPROPRIATION, the Committee on, 29.

ARMY, bill to fix the peace footing of, 553.

ART, in the capital, 571.

ASSAULT upon Mr. Grinnell by Mr. Rousseau, 573.

ATTORNEY General on the trial of Jefferson Davis, 123.

"AUTHORITY and Power" of the Government, distinction between, 445.

BALLOT-BOX to be purified by the angel element, 487, 492; a high court of errors, 497.

BALLOT, the negro's best protection, 162; the great guarantee, 376; the source of safety for the freedman—eloquent extract, 399; dangerous in the hands of the ignorant, 497.

BANCROFT, his eulogy on President Lincoln, 570.

BANKING and Currency, Committee on, 30.

BANKRUPTCY, Committee on, 31.

BANKRUPT LAW, its difference from former acts, 554.

BANNER of Freedom, and the banner of the Democracy, 80.

BARABBAS and the Saviour, 380.

BASIS of Representation, necessity of changing the, 312; proposed amendment of, 324; explained, 325; involves taxation without representation, 326; effects Negro Suffrage, 327; reasons which commend it, 331; bearing on the various States, 332; would allow property qualification, 332; amendment proposed by Mr. Orth, 337; how settled in 1787, 338; its rejection predicted, 338; how its provisions may be avoided, 339; construed as an attack on the President, 343; facts and figures concerning, 344; objections, 346, 347; great opposition to the proposition, 350; its injustice to the African, 352; benefit to the Republican party only, 362; multiplicity of amendments, 363; passage in the House, 371; before the Senate, 374; "not an improvement," 375; what it will accomplish, 381; colored men against it, 392; a party measure, 395; summary of objections, 402; an "abortion," 406; ten objections, 407; good effects of, 411; failure to pass the Senate, 416; regret of Mr. Stevens at its death, 436.

BENEVOLENT features of the Freedmen's Bureau, 179.

BERKELEY'S Metaphysics, 310.

BIRTH confers citizenship, 305.

BLAINE'S Amendment, 527; combined with Bingham's, 528; proposed in the Senate, 529.

BLACK-LAWS of Southern States, substance of, 147; Mississippi and South Carolina, 191; recently passed, 214.

BLACK skin a badge of loyalty, 53.

BLOOD asked for, 396; Chandler's explanation, 397.

BOUNTY, additional, bill to grant, 552.

BOYHOOD of Mr. Saulsbury, 193.

"BREAD and Butter Brigade," 521.

BROWNLOW, Governor, his proclamation, 473; his despatch to the Secretary of War, 475; his loyalty and firmness, 480.

BROWN, Senator, of Mississippi, his opposition to the education of the blacks, 388.

BUCHANAN, President, his veto of the Homestead bill, 255; his views of secession, 442.

"BY-PLAY" of the Rebel States with Secretary Seward, 313.

CAPITOL, the, character and situation of, 571.

CASPAR HAUSERS, four millions of, 329.

CATO on the Immortality of the Soul, 377.

CAUCASIANS, none save, have become citizens, 199.

CELTIC race distinct from ours, 360.

CENSURE of Mr. Hunter, 515; of Mr. Chanler, 571.

CENTRALIZATION deprecated, 229, 237, 266.

CHAIRMANSHIP of Committees, New England's preponderance in, 401.

CHARITIES not to be given by Congress,148.

CHEROKEES naturalized, 233.

CHICAGO Convention of 1860, its doctrine, 60.

CHILDREN rescued from the burning house, 390.

CHINESE, Civil Rights Bill makes, citizens, 246, 255.

CHOCTAW Indians naturalized, 233.

CHURCHES, colored, in the District of Columbia, 59.

CITIZENSHIP conferred upon the people of Texas, 199.

CITIZENSHIP conferred by U. S. Government, 239; includes State citizenship, 253; does not confer State citizenship, 271.

CITIZEN, what constitutes a, 201.

CIVIL Rights denied to negroes in Indiana, 117,131; all departments of the Government designed to secure, 221; denial of makes men slaves, 224.

CIVIL Rights Bill foreshadowed, 98; introduced, 188; its provisions, 189; necessity for it, 190; a dangerous measure, 192; object of it, 210; odious military features, 211; opposed, 216; explained and defended, 217; have been in the law thirty years, 218; bill passes in the Senate, 219; before the House, 220; recommitted, 233; its beneficence towards Southern rebels, 233; interferes with State rights, 222, 236; amendment proposed by Mr. Bingham, 237; rejected, 242; argued as unconstitutional, 237, reply, 239; passes the House, 243; odious title proposed, 243; as amended, passes the Senate, 244; vetoed by the President, 246; veto answered, 253; passes over the veto, 288, 289; the form in which it became a law, 290; propriety of placing it in the Constitution, 438.

COLFAX, Schuyler, elected Speaker of the House, 20; vote of thanks to, 576.

COLLOQUY between Chanler and Bingham, 67; Davis and Trumbull, 136, 199; Clark and Davis, 201; Brooks and Stevens, 336; Higby and Hill, 356; Dixon and Trumbull, 424; Doolittle, Nye, and Lane, 457; Ashley, Conkling, and Stevens, 513; Doolittle and Wilson, 531; on specie payments, Stevens, Wentworth, and Garfield, 556.

COLLAR the President's, charge of wearing repelled, 284.

COLOR of a citizen not inquired into in our early history, 51; should not be regarded in our laws, 53; indefiniteness of the term, 360.

COLORADO, reason of the non-admission of, 559.

COMMERCE, Committee on, 27, 30.

COMMISSIONER of Freedmen's Bureau, 140.

COMMITTEES, the importance of, in legislation, 25; difficulty of selecting, 26.

COMMITTEE on Reconstruction, 49; report of, 466; difficulty of obtaining information by, 467; conclusion of, 471.

COMPOUND Interest Notes, attempt to redeem, 558.

COMPROMISE of Moral Principles opposed, 374.

CONCERT of action desired, 37.

CONFEDERATION, the old, and the Constitution, 316.

CONFISCATION discarded by civilized nations, 320.

CONGRESS, no danger to be feared from usurpation by, 501; as described by President Johnson, 561; salutary effect of vetoes upon, 563.

CONNECTICUT, the voice of on negro suffrage, 394.

CONSERVATISM the worst word in the language, 101.

CONSERVATIVES represented by Mr. Raymond, 314.

CONSTITUTIONAL Amendment, what laws may be passed under, 118.

CONSTITUTIONAL Amendments, how they should be made; advice of Mr. Saulsbury, 405.

CONSTITUTIONAL Amendments in the interests of slavery once popular, 405.

CONSTITUTIONAL Authority of the President and General Grant, 124.

CONSTITUTIONAL Convention of 1787, 338.

CONSTITUTION, the, powers it confers, 122; violation of, an oft-repeated argument, 149; to be destroyed by the Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 148; unreconcilable with military rule, 176; caused to bleed, 193; does not exclude negroes from citizenship, 203; against State Sovereignty, 319; more liberal before the Rebellion, 327; may be legally amended, 357; as estimated by its makers, 278; not necessary to re-enact it, 380.

CONTRAST between whites and blacks under Kentucky law, 154.

COTTON, export duty on proposed, 312.

"COUNTER PROPOSITION" by Mr. Sumner, 373, 379, 382; rejected, 415.

COURTESY of Senator Wade, as described by Mr. McDougall, 282.

COWAN, Edgar, his radicalism, 489; his seriousness, 490.

DAVIS, Garrett, his programme for the President, 430, 432; struck "dumb," 209; his ability to "hang on," 533.

DAVIS, Jefferson, why not tried, 123; acted "under color of law," 260; not a traitor if rebel States are treated as foreign powers, 317; his proclamation, 480.

DEAD STATES described, 308; impossible, 316.

DEATH-KNELL of Liberty: passage of Reconstruction Bill, 547.

DEATHS of Senators, 569; of Representatives, 570.

DEBATES of the Senate and House, difference, 452.

DEBATE, right of in the Senate, 38.

DEBT, accumulated burden of the public, 147; rebel, how inherited by the United States, 317; must be repudiated, 319.

DEFEAT, the lesson of, 416.

DEFIANCE of the majority by Garrett Davis, 244.

DEFILEMENT of the Constitution, 407; answer to the charge, 410.

DELAWARE, the last slaveholding State, 127.

DELAY needful, 382.

DELAYS of the Senate, protest against, 394; benefits of, 453.

DESPOTISM, establishment of, in the South, 531.

DEMOCRACY, leader of the, confusion concerning, 306.

DEMOCRATIC ascendency, dangers attending, 312.

DEMOCRATIC party against the Government, 399; policy of, traversed, 442.

DEMOCRATS, their new discovery, 358; how they caused the passage of the Reconstruction Amendment, 451; hunting up negro voters, 498.

DEVELOPMENT always slow, 64.

DISFRANCHISEMENT of negroes by whites, 365, 376; opposed, 387; of rebels advocated, 443.

DISSOLUTION of the Union in the passage of the Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 160.

DISUNION, threat of, 161.

DISTRICT of Columbia, Committee on, 28; under the special care of Congress, 50; number and character of rebels in, 77.

DISTRICT of Columbia, bill to extend suffrage in, introduced, 51; motion to postpone, 82; amendments proposed, 82; and rejected, 93; passage in the House, 93; called up in the Senate, 483; reason for its occupying so much attention, 485; why it was not passed before, 491; its passage, 499; veto, 500; passage over the veto, 501; why it was so long deferred, 564, 565.

DOG, injustice to a, 509.

DOOLITTLE, his position on the Civil Rights Bill, 285; "a fortunate politician," 459; the savior of his party, 469.

DREAM of Thaddeus Stevens vanished, 463.

DRED Scott Decision against civil rights, 198, 264.

DU PONT, Admiral, his mention of the negro pilot, 71.

EARTHQUAKE predicted, 447.

EDUCATION, the Committee on, 30.

EDUCATION of Freedmen, provision for, 145

EDUCATION, an uncertain test, 62; should be made a test, 63; of colored children, a scene in the old Senate, 389; Bureau of, 553.

EDUCATOR, the best, the ballot is, 399.

ELECTIVE franchise, a means of elevation, 57; the only proper test for its exercise, 61; its abridgment not authorized by the Amendment of Representation, 358; the President's view of his power over, 562.

EMANCIPATION, its effect upon rights, 328.

ENFRANCHISEMENT to be a gradual work, 354; how to bring about, 411; not disfranchisement, the question in reconstruction, 506.

ENGLAND, her paper money and specie payments, 556.

EPOCH in the history of the country, 204.

EQUALITY, political, a "fiendish doctrine," 61.

EQUALITY does not exist, 195.

EQUAL Rights, the blessings of, 377.

EXCITEMENT, the Senate not unfitted for business by, 421.

EXCLUSION from citizenship, a right, 195.

EXECUTIVE obstruction, of Congress, 560.

EXECUTIVE patronage, evils of, 559.

EXPENSE of Freedmen's Bureau, 110; objections to answered, 128; for one year, 145, 147, 100; as presented by the President, 180.

EXPULSION of Garrett Davis prayed for, 572.

FEMALE Suffrage advocated, 487.

FEMALES not a political element, 345.

FINANCE, the Committee on, 27; the subject of, 555.

FISKE, General, his statement, 182.

FLAG, the American, 40.

FLOWERS of rhetoric, from a Senator's speech, 413.

FOOT, Solomon his death, 569.

FOREIGN MINISTERS, penalty for proceeding against, 259, 267, 270.

FOREIGN population, their representatives in Congress, 369, 379.

FOREIGN Relations, Chairman of Committee on, 26.

FOREIGNERS not discriminated against in the Civil Rights Bill, 254.

FOSTER, L. S., as President of the Senate, 23; retirement from the office, 576.

FREEDMEN, their necessities and numbers, 95; Committee on, 31, 95; Senator Wilson's bill to protect, 95; objections to, 98; laid over, 103.

FREEDMEN'S BUREAU, a bill to enlarge introduced in the Senate, 105; its provisions, 105; its expense, 111; its military feature, 112; for the negro, against the white man, 119; not designed to be permanent, 121; establishment of schools, 130; passes the Senate, 136; brought up in the House, 138; passage, 157; "a dissolution of the Union," 160; its bounty to the whites, 163; veto of, 164.

FREEDMEN'S BUREAU BILL, the second reported, its provisions, 295; passage in the House, 295; in the Senate, 296; form as it became a law, 298; veto of, 302; passage over the veto, 306; the bill and the veto, 563.

FREEDOM elevates the colored race, 85.

FRIENDSHIP for the negro, Mr. Cowan's, 135.

FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW, its provisions employed in the Civil Rights Bill, 190, 192; its re-enactment in the Civil Rights Bill opposed, 212; and advocated, 213; used for a good end, 216.

GARBLING, an example of, 572.

GENERAL Government supreme to confer citizenship, 239.

GENEROSITY towards rebels, McDougall's illustrated, 461.

GEORGIA, her avoidance of the Civil Rights Bill, 275; possessory titles of freedmen to lands in, 108.

GERMAN woman, a slave, 349.

GOVERNMENT, all departments of the, designed to secure civil rights, 221.

GOVERNMENT, the need of the South, 516.

GRANT, General, on the Freedmen's Bureau, 119; his order to protect officers from civil prosecution, 123; his order setting aside black laws, 215; his report, 563.

GREATNESS of America, 360.

GROUND-SWELL, danger of, after the war, 62.

GYPSIES, their birth and citizenship, 246, 255.

HABEAS Corpus, restored to loyal States, 123; its suspension an evidence that the war had not closed, 177.

HAPPINESS of statesmen who died before recent legislation, 194.

HAYTI, her blow for liberty, 69.

HIGHWAYMAN, his weapons restored, 122.

HOMES for Freedmen, the purchase of, 115.

HOMESTEAD Bill, Southern, 553.

HOUSE of Representatives, scene at the opening of, 16.

HOWARD, General, placed at the head of the Freedmen's Bureau, 139; his operations, 142.

HUNGARY, why revolutionary, 383.

IGNORANCE among colored people rapidly disappearing, 54; the nation chargeable with, 62; in the South, 146.

IMPEACHMENT proposed, 566; report of Committee on, 567.

INDIANA, negro suffrage not necessary in as in the South, 77; liable to be placed under the jurisdiction of Freedmen's Bureau, 110; military rule in, 112; civil-rights denied to negroes in, 117; marriage in, 131; not in rebellion, 125.

INDIANA and Massachusetts, prejudice against color and against ignorance, 337.

INDIANS, appropriations voted to feed and clothe, 120; excluded from civil rights, 201; becoming extinct, 410.

INDICTMENT substituted for Writ of Error, 274.

INDIVIDUALS, not States, commit treason, and are punished, 316.

INDUSTRIAL interests promoted by negro suffrage, 494.

INTELLIGENCE should be required of the negro voter, 73, 81.

IOWA, zeal and patriotism of her colored people, 73; vote on negro suffrage in, 74.

IRELAND, cause of her troubles, 383.

JAMAICA, insurrection in, cause of, 75.

JEFFERSON as quoted by President Johnson, 500.

JESUS CHRIST, the spirit of, 223, 224.

JOHNSON, Andrew, becomes President, 13; his amnesty proclamation, 14; how the odium against would be shared by Congress, 519; "the late lamented Governor," 437.

JOHNSON, Senator, Andrew, his reply to Buchanan's veto, 255, 264.

JOHNSON, Doctor, and the leg of mutton, 406.

"JOHNSONIAN, new converts," 439.

JUDICIAL authority under Freedmen's Bureau, 130.

JUDICIAL Department, the only hope, 512.

JUDICIARY Committee of the Senate described, 28; of the House, 31; subjects properly referred to it, 38; report on impeachment, 567.

JURY Trial not given under martial law, 175.

JUSTICE should be done to white and black, 119.

KANSAS, her protest against the denial of rights, 89; in 1856, 90; surrendered to the machinations of slave masters, 99.

KENTUCKY, Union party in, 152; necessity for Freedmen's Bureau in, advocated and opposed, 134; members from, their opposition to the Freedmen's Bureau, 149; her opposition to the Government, 153; laws of, relating to whites and blacks, 154; during the war, 211; will submit, 343; the United States, an appendage to, 362.

KILLING an official, opinion as to when it should be done, 151.

"KING can do no wrong," a bad maxim, 260.

KOH-I-NOOR of blackness, 407.

LADIES, their supposed opinions on female suffrage, 492.

LAERTES, his language endorsed, 529.

LANDS not taken from owners by Freedmen's Bureau, 182.

LANE, James H., his suicide, 569.

LAW, "under color of," explained, 258, 260.

LAWS in Kentucky for whites and blacks, 211.

LAWYER "abating the statesman," 208.

LEADER, of the democracy, confusion concerning, 306; of the House, 575.

LEE acted "under color of law," 260.

LEGISLATURE of Tennessee, Constitutional Amendment in, 473.

LEGISLATURES do not constitute States, 327.

LEGISLATIVE power, danger of its abuse, 500.

LIGHT from the House not needed in the Senate, 44.

LINCOLN, Abraham, his assassination, 13; how he closed a chasm, 230; his language, 323; his death "no loss to the South," 562; celebration of his birthday, 570.

LION, the prostrate, 71.

LOAN Bill, the, 558.

LOYALISTS, Southern, never lost their right of representation, 427.

LOYALTY impossible if States are foreign powers, 317.

"MALE," the word should not be placed in the Constitution, 370.

MANHOOD of the negro race recognized, 91.

MANUFACTURERS, Senate Committee on, 27; House, 31.

MARIUS upon the ruins of Carthage, 287.

MARSHALL, Chief Justice, decision pronounced by, 253.

MARYLAND, necessity for Freedmen's Bureau in, 135.

MASSACHUSETTS, her law of suffrage, 63; her character, 74; her example not to be quoted, 92; crimes are perpetrated in, 97; prejudice against ignorance in, 336; Senator Sumner advised to leave, 336.

MAYOR of Washington, his remonstrance against negro suffrage, 486.

MCCLELLAN'S proclamation against the slaves, 67.

MCCULLOCH, circumstances under which he should receive great credit, 558.

MCDOUGALL, his habits and talents, 277.

MCPHERSON, Edward, Clerk of the House, 16; his conduct in the organization, 17; strictures on, 431.

MEMORIAL from colored men, 393.

METAPHYSICAL argument for female suffrage, 493.

MILITARY affairs, Committee on, 31.

MILITARY feature of the Civil Rights Bill opposed, 216; explained and defended, 217; has been the law 30 years, 218; nothing unusual, 225.

MILITARY governments in the South, colloquy concerning, 530.

MILITARY protection of Freedmen's Bureau opposed, 112; explained and advocated, 126, 172.

MILITARY Reconstruction Bill, discussion of a previous proposition, 502; the measure proposed, 516; its form, 517; explained, 518; danger in not providing for civil governments, 523; a police bill only, 528; Blaine's amendment of, 527; passes the House, 529; Sherman's amendment, 534; passes the Senate, 535; amended in the House, 541; final passage, 524; vetoed; passes over the veto, 547, 548; final form, 548.

MILITARY should not supersede civil authority, 524.

MILL, John Stuart, in favor of female suffrage, 488.

MISSISSIPPI, black code of, 146; distinctions in against blacks, 191; numbers of whites and negroes in, 334.

MISSOURI injured by making voters the basis of representation, 366.

MONOPOLY, Southern, of human rights, 376.

MONTGOMERY Convention committed treason "under color of law," 261.

MURDER, being unlawful, can not be committed, 310; answer, 315.

NAME, ability to read and write the, as a qualification for voting, 496.

NAPOLEON not liable to execution if taken in war, 317.

NATIVE-BORN persons not subjects for naturalization, 200, 201; the position opposed, 203; advocated, 208.

NATURALIZATION Act as constituted by Congress, 203; may be changed, 204; its nature, 232.

NATURALIZATION of races, authorities, instances, 233, 238, 254.

NEBRASKA admitted into the Union, 559.

NEGRO brigade, charge of at Port Hudson, 71.

NEGRO, Cuvier's definition of, enlarged, 484.

NEGRO competition not to be feared, 229.

NEGRO equality does not exist in nature, 144.

NEGRO race, a mine or a buttress, 86; dying out, 408; answer, 409.

NEGROES have no history of civilization, 55; content with their situation, 55; their wealth in Washington, 58; should have citizenship, but not suffrage, 63; their inferiority, 67; became soldiers under discouraging circumstances, 70; their property and patriotism, 71; of Iowa, their patriotism, 73; danger in the influence of politicians over, 79; elevated by freedom, 85; their manhood recognized, 91; laws against them in the South, 147; prejudice against in the South, 161; citizens before the Constitution in North Carolina, 200; in New Hampshire, 201; allowed to compete for the Presidency, 222, 229; our allies, should not be deserted, 234; their services in the war, and subsequent wrongs, 282; competent to vote, 387; eligible to the highest offices, 387; their heroic deeds, 391; their enfranchisement should be gradual, 393; enormities practiced against, 504.

NEGRO suffrage, evil effects of, 60; would humble the white laborer, 65; chronology of in several States, 73; a necessity for the South, 76; retributive justice to rebels, 77; best obtained by indirect means, 412; history of the legislation for, 483; course of Mr. Yates on, 484; passage over the veto, 501.

NEUTRALITY in Kentucky, 152.

NEW ENGLAND, undue preponderance of in the Senate, 401; answer, 403; her happiness in not being despised, 413.

NEW ENGLAND Senators not silent during the war, 402.

NEW HAMPSHIRE, negroes citizens in, 201.

NEW YORK and Mississippi, inequality in their representation, 329; not affected by change in the basis of representation, 332.

NEW YORK Times, editorial in the, 444.

NORTH CAROLINA, negroes citizens in before the Constitution, 200; legislation of, concerning white slaves, 349.

NORTH and South, statesmen of the, 384.

NORTH, the political, what constitutes, 57.

OBJECT of the war, 44.

OFFICE, ineligibility to, as a punishment, 458.

OLIGARCHY, the power of, should be ended, 350.

PACIFIC Railroad, Committee on, 30.

PAINS and penalties of not holding office, 458.

PANEGYRIC on Union and rebel dead, 364; answered, 370.

PARLIAMENT and the King, 477.

PARTISAN controversy, 442.

PARTY for enfranchisement, how to be raised up, 411.

PARTY man, Mr. Hendricks not suspected to be, 412.

PATENT medicine in the Senate, 162.

PATTERSON, Senator of Tennessee, case of, 478; admitted to a seat, 482.

PENALTY essential to effectiveness of law, 259; is not permission, 414.

PENNSYLVANIA does not need the Freedmen's Bureau, 133; against negro citizenship, 195.

PEOPLE, "the sacred," constitute the States, 327; their verdict for Congress, 564.

PERRY, Governor, his disloyalty, 562.

PERSIAN Mythology—Gods of Light and Darkness, 277.

PHYSICAL endurance, a question of, 419.

POLICY of Congress shown in legislation for the District of Columbia, 50; of the President, 423.

POLITICAL existence alone entitles to representation, 330; faith maintained in "the worst of times." 532; rights not conferred by Civil Rights Bill, 256; society in the South must be changed, 445.

PRECIPITATE action deprecated, 382.

PREJUDICE of the Southern people against the negro, 161.

PRESENT time contrasted with 1787, 338.

PRESIDENT'S right to say who constitute Congress, 431.

PRESIDENCY, negroes allowed to compete for, 222, 229.

PRESIDENT Johnson, duty of Congress to sustain, 41; Congress not to be bound by his opinion, 42; reluctance of Congress to break with, 94; described as whitewashing, 99; not a "summer soldier," 100; his character as a witness vindicated, 101; restores the habeas corpus, 123; views on good faith to freedmen, 131; policy of restoring lands to rebel owners, 143; veto of Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 164; answered by Mr. Trumbull, 171; veto of the Civil Rights Bill, 245; his controversy with Congress, 262; harmony desirable, 269; his dictation to Congress opposed, 276; defended by Mr. Lane, of Kansas, 280; wearing his collar, 181; as Moses of the negroes, 282; not infallible, 283; his defection and its effect, 294; his invitation to Congress, 314; the Constitutional Amendment construed as an attack upon, 343; speaks through an "unusual conduit," 366; effect of his dictation, 372; effect of his speech, 419; description of, 423; effect of his opposition to reconstruction, 451; his patriotic duty, 459; eulogy on, 460; charged with responsibility for the state of the country, 463; taking "ministerial steps," 464; his influence in Tennessee, 473; his protest against a preamble, 477; veto of the Suffrage Bill, 500; his usurpations, 508; how long he governed the South, 519; his greatness, 520; hope for harmony with, 524; hope only in the removal of, 526; his course rendering military reconstruction necessary, 527; how he executed the law for two years, 536; his terms towards Congress, 561; his 22d February speech, 563; before the people, 564; his vetoes, impeachment proposed, 566; resolution complimentary to, 571.

PRESIDENT of the Senate, the office vacated and assumed, 576.

PRIVILEGES and immunities of a Member of Congress, 575.

PROGRESS, in six years,—a scene in the Senate, 389.

PROGRESS, the tide of, cannot be stayed, 400.

PROPERTY qualification may be restored in South Carolina, 332.

PROSPECTS, brilliant, before the country, 394.

PUBLIC justice slow, but sure, 287.

PUBLIC Lands, Committee on, 30.

PUNISHMENT and reward, Mr. Hendricks and Mr. Sumner, 413.

PUNISHMENT of the Southern States, 395.

QUALIFICATION of Members decided upon by each House separately, 39.

RACES, differences in, cannot be obliterated, 56; diversity of opinion concerning, 360.

RADICAL bull taken by the horns, 314.

RADICAL and Conservative policy contrasted, 320; different in details, not in essence, 322.

RADICALISM, no danger of shipwreck from, 462.

RADICAL majority, its ranks strengthened, 294.

RADICAL principles indestructible, 428.

RADICALS, their purpose to be rational, 489.

RAIL-SPLITTER and tailor-boy, 400.

READING and writing as a qualification for voting, 487; Mr. Dixon's proposition, 495; lost, 499.

REAM, Miss Minnie, her commission to make a statue of Lincoln, 470.

REBELLION, its surviving strength, 527.

REBELS, their hatred of the negro, 76; retributive justice to, 77; what is expected of them, 133; authority should not be restored to, 122; should be trusted, 223, 386; their confidence to be won, 228; not to be conciliated by the sacrifice of the freedmen, 231; not to be deprived of citizenship, 233; called "the nation's dead," 364; reply, 370; sufficiently punished, should be reaedmitted, 429; instructions to, 426; proposition to disfranchise, 436; opposed, 438; the number who would be disfranchised, 440; their disfranchisement passes the House, 450; rejected in the Senate, 455; the most guilty, 448; in Congress, six years ago, 449; generosity towards, illustrated, 461; their conduct gives justice to the negro, 516.

REBEL States, their status, 37, 41, 45; facts respecting, 46; cannot destroy the Union, 145; their treatment of the negro, 153; their lack of representation no obstacle to legislation, 185; should not deprive loyal States of the power to legislate, 254; laws of, oppressive to freedmen, 261; how their absence affects legislation, 268; dead, 308; how restored, 309; how they lost their existence, 321; never out of the Union, 314; how should be treated, 318; bill to restore to political rights introduced, 502; Mr. Stevens' labor upon it, 528.

REBEL war, novel theory of, 509.

RECONSTRUCTION, as begun by President Johnson, 14; resolution to appoint a committee on, 34, 48; committee on, 49; their appointment, how regarded, 307; first report of committee on, 324; committee on, denounced, 441; its consummation eloquently portrayed, 448; Report on, 466; three modes of, 503; character of the committee on, 513; styled "Maelstrom Committee," 519.

RECONSTRUCTION Amendment proposed, 435; denounced as revolutionary, 437; passage in the House, 450; influence of the Democrats in passing, 451; length of debate on, in the Senate, 453; amendments and substitutes proposed, 454, 455; "stupendous mercy," 461; passage, 462, 463; its form, 463; transmitted to the States, 465.

REEL in the bottle, 415.

REFUGEES, their stories, 523.

RELIGION, appealed to, 458.

REMARKABLE combination of Senators, 415.

REPRESENTATION, Constitutional Amendment concerning, proposed, 324.

REPRESENTATION, modes of, considered, 330; the old rule of, arbitrary, 344; of Southern States, resolution concerning, 417; passage, 433; "straw in a storm," 422; "useless, yet mischievous," 432.

REPRESENTATIVES, seats of, 25.

REPRIMAND of Mr. Rosseau, 574.

REPUBLIC, American idea of, historical summary, 375; its overthrow lamented, 507.

REPUBLICANISM, its meaning, 477.

REPUBLICAN Government denied to the District of Columbia, 90; how guaranteed, 311; what constitutes, 356; inconsistent with denial of right of suffrage, 340; opinion of the fathers concerning, 385.

REPUBLICAN Party, its success or failure, 88; Rousseau's remark upon, 151; its responsibility, 306; declared by Mr. Stevens not responsible for his opinions, 308; its demands, 323; its negro capital, 361; alone benefited by change in Basis of Representation, 362; how it may retain power, 395; history and triumph of, 429; its "scheme," 442; its position defined, 443; its desire, 510.

REVOLUTION, a Constitutional and peaceful, 206; produced by Civil Rights Bill, 287, 288.

"RICH man's war, and poor man's fight," 446.

RIGHTS, danger of denying, 88; of voting essential to the enjoyment of other rights, 92; as affected by emancipation, 328.

ROUSSEAU and Grinnell, affair of, 151, 572.

ROME, her treatment of conquered Latium, 314; her noble "bloods" lost, 338; she rebukes America, 392.

RUSSIA, an example of, 99; Czar of, his example cited, 155.

SAVIOUR of the world found his followers among the poor, 88.

SARSAPARILLA and the ballot, 163.

SCHOOLS for freedmen should be provided by Government, 130; of colored people in the District of Columbia, 59.

SCHURZ, General, evidence of his report, 76, 563.

SCOTT, General, his death, 459; funeral and statue, 570.

SECESSION, Ordinance of, a nullity, 314.

SELF government, a right, 61.

SELF preservation, a right of the nation, 522.

SEATS, selection of, 23, 24.

SENATE, opening scenes in, 14; supposed division of, 431; its proper business and mischievous business, 460.

SENATOR, the Greek, and the Sparrow, 93.

SENATORS not legislators for their own States alone, 186; republican, as they appeared after a caucus, 456.

SERAPIS, destruction of the statue of, 145.

SEWARD, Secretary, his despatch to Minister Adams, 71; and the nobleman's dog, 509; defended, 512.

SHERMAN, General, his order assigning lands to freedmen, 114, 128.

SHERMAN'S Amendment to the Military Reconstruction Bill, 534.

SLAVE, the, under American law, 197.

SLAVEHOLDER, the last in America, 127.

SLAVES have supported themselves and their masters, 70.

SLAVERY, its evil influence, 87; dead, 102; its destruction, 145; abolition of, duty consequent upon, 188; voted perpetual by Congress, 230; right of U. S. to prohibit, 319; not confined to the African race, 348, 349.

SMALL, the negro pilot, 71.

SOUTH, what constitutes the, 57.

SOUTH CAROLINA attempts to keep the slave in bondage, 96; her laws against the negro, 146; her representation to be reduced, 331; and Wisconsin, inequality in representation, 334; her numbers of whites and negroes, 334; how she may evade the Constitutional Amendment, 341; President Johnson's advice to, 562.

SOUTHERN people, their kind feeling towards negroes, 227; a majority opposed to secession, 446; their disposition, 470; advised to strike for liberty, 494.

SOUTHERN States, number of illiterate persons in, 146; in a better condition than to be expected, 109; their representatives should be admitted, 355; the numbers disfranchised by them, 365; an appeal to their love of power, 369; anti-republican, 376; punishment of, 395; not kept out by New England jealousy, 403; their losses in the war, 408; revolution relating to, 417; their relation to the Union unchanged, 427.

SOVEREIGNTIES, divided, essential to the existence of the nation, 267.

SPEAKER of the House, his influence upon legislation, 576.

SPECIE payments, when to be reached, 556.

STARS of heaven and the constellation of the States, 144.

STATE of the country, unparalleled, 178.

STATESMANSHIP the rule of, 539; what constitutes, 532.

STATESMEN of the North and South, 384.

STATE sovereignty, the doctrine destroyed, 319.