[Sidenote: The funeral rites.]

The forty days' funeral rites were performed in honor of the deceased king with all the detail of pomp customary on such occasions. For forty days, on a bed of cloth of gold, lay in state the life-like effigy of Charles of Valois, dressed in crimson and blue satin, and in ermine, with a jewelled crown upon its head, and with sceptre and other emblems of royalty at its side. For forty days the service of the king's table remained unchanged, and the pleasing fiction was maintained that the monarch was yet alive. The gentlemen in waiting, the cupbearer, the pantler, the carver, and all the retinue of servants who, as in feudal times, appeared at the royal meals, discharged each his appointed office with punctilious precision. Courses of viands were brought on in regular succession, and as regularly removed from the board. A cardinal or prelate blessed the table before the empty show of a meal, and rendered thanks at its conclusion. Only at the close, by the sad repetition of the De profundis, and other psalms appropriate to funeral occasions, did the pageant differ materially from many a scene of convivial entertainment in which Charles had taken part. When the prescribed term of waiting was at length over, the miserable show ended, the effigy was replaced by the bier, funeral decorations took the place of festive emblems, and the body of the late king was laid in its last resting-place.[1402]

[Sidenote: Had persecution, war, and treachery succeeded?]

The courtiers had already turned their eyes from the dead monarch to the successor whose speedy return from Poland all eagerly awaited. Henry the Third had already precipitately fled from Cracow, and was on his way to assume his ancestral throne. He was to find the kingdom plunged in disquiet, a prey to internal discord fostered by foreign princes. Neither Huguenot nor Roman Catholic was satisfied. A full half-century from the first promulgation of the reformed doctrines by Lefevre d'Etaples found the friends of the purer faith more resolute than ever in its assertion, despite fire, massacre, and open warfare. No candid beholder could deny that the system of persecution had thus far proved an utter failure. It remained to be seen whether the new king would choose to repeat a dangerous experiment.

FOOTNOTES:

[1253] Jean de Serres, Commentaria de statu rel. et reipublicae, iv., fol. 60 verso. I have made use, up to 1570, of the first edition of this work, published in three volumes in 1571, my copy being one formerly belonging to the library of Ludovico Manini, the last doge of Venice. From 1570 on I refer to the edition of 1575, which comprises a fourth and rarer volume, bringing down the history to the close of the reign of Charles. A comparison between this edition and the later edition of 1577 brings out the interesting circumstance that many Huguenots of little courage, who at first apostatized, afterward returned to their old faith. Thus, the edition of 1575 reads (iv. 51 v.): "Vix enim dici possit, quam multi ad primum illum impetum a Religione resiluerint, mortis amittendarumque facultatum metu, quorum plerique etiamnum haerent in luto." The words I have italicized are omitted in the edition of 1577, as quoted by Soldan, ii. 473.

[1254] Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 61.

[1255] Ib., ubi supra.

[1256] Borrel, Histoire de l'eglise reformee de Nimes (Toulouse, 1856), pp. 77, 78, from Archives of the Hotel-de-ville.

[1257] J. de Serres, iv., fols. 68-70; Borrel, Hist. de l'egl. ref. de Nimes, 78, 79; De Thou, iv. 663.

[1258] See ante, chapter xviii., p. 480.

[1259] Agrippa d'Aubigne, Hist. univ., ii. 38 (liv. i., c. 8). Neither De Thou, iv. (liv. liii.) 659, nor J. de Serres (either in his Commentaria de statu rel. et reip., iv. 68, or in his Inventaire general de l'histoire de France, Geneve, 1619), makes any allusion to Regnier's combat, while the former expressly, and the latter by implication, refer to his agency in persuading the inhabitants of Montauban to espouse the Protestant cause in arms. I incline to think, nevertheless, that D'Aubigne has neither misplaced nor exaggerated a brilliant little affair which was certainly to his taste.

[1260] J. de Serres, De statu, etc., iv., fol. 63; De Thou, iv. (liv. liii.) 647.

[1261] Reveille-Matin, 200; Eusebii Philadelphi Dialogi (1574), i. 57.

[1262] Arcere, Histoire de la Rochelle, i. 405. The records of the customs showed that 30,000 casks of wine were brought in. An ample supply of powder was also secured by offering a bonus of ten per cent, to all that imported it from abroad.

[1263] Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 65; De Thou, iv. 649.

[1264] "Affirmabant vero haudquaquam se facere contra officium et antiqua sua privilegia, per quae illis tribueretur exemptio ab omni praeterquam ex sua civitate delecto ab ipsis praesidio, et facultas sese suis armis custodiendi." Such was the claim of the Rochellois in answer to Strozzi's summons. Jean de Serres, iv. 63.

[1265] Arcere, i. 412.

[1266] Ibid., i. 422; De Thou, iv. (liv. liii.) 654; J. de Serres, iv., fols. 75, 76.

[1267] Delmas, Eglise ref. de la Rochelle, 105, 106. The same author cites Henry IV.'s eulogy: "Il etait grand homme de guerre, et plus grand homme de bien." See also De Thou's strong expressions, viii. (liv. cii.) 8.

[1268] See the detailed "Carte du Pays d'Aulnis, avec les Isles de Re, d'Oleron, et Provinces voisines, dressee en 1756," prefixed to the first volume of Arcere, Histoire de la Rochelle.

[1269] Agrippa d'Aubigne, ii. 34, 35 (liv. i., c. 6); De Thou, iv. (liv. liii.) 655-656; Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 75; Arcere, i. 427-429.

[1270] Arcere, i. 429, partly on MS. authority.

[1271] Ibid., i. 430.

[1272] The attitude of the Huguenot general had been and yet was one of the strangest. That he was able in the end to extricate himself without a stain attaching to his honor is still more remarkable. Both king and Protestants understood full well that he would counsel nothing which was not for the interest of both; and it was, therefore, no violation of his duty as envoy of Charles, if, as Jean de Serres informs us, when urging an amicable arrangement, he privately advised the Rochellois to admit no one into the city in the king's name, before receiving ample provisions for their security. Commentarii de statu religionis et reipublicae, iv., fol. 75.

[1273] Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 76.

[1274] Ibid., iv., fol. 81.

[1275] See the very clear account in the "Description chorographique de l'Aulnis," by Arcere, prefixed to his history of La Rochelle, i. 97, etc.

[1276] Compare Arcere, i. 418, etc., and, especially, his plan of the city in 1573. See also Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 83; De Thou, iv. (liv. lv.) 759-761; D'Aubigne, ii. 36, 37 (liv. i., c. 7).

[1277] De Thou, iv. (liv. lv.) 765; Arcere, i. 436.

[1278] De Thou, iv. 761; Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 68.

[1279] E.g., of Virolet, Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 76.

[1280] Feb. 15th, according to J. de Serres, iv., fol. 83. Arcere (i. 452) says Feb. 12th.

[1281] Arcere, i. 458.

[1282] So, at least, Brantome expressed himself. He was with the army before La Rochelle.

[1283] Letter of Catharine, March 17th, Arcere, i. 466.

[1284] De Thou, iv. (liv. lvi.) 789; Arcere, i. 489, 490; Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 99, etc.

[1285] The poor, according to Jean de Serres, came to use the shell-fish in lieu of bread. If, as he assures us on the authority of men deserving credit, the supply ceased almost on that precise day upon which the royal army left the neighborhood, after the conclusion of peace, the reformed may be pardoned for regarding the fact as a miracle little inferior to that of the manna which never failed the ancient Israelites until they set foot in Canaan. Commentarii de statu religionis et reipublicae, iv. 104 verso. "Dont lez reformez ont encores les tableaux en leurs maisons pour memoire comme d'un miracle," writes Agrippa d'Aubigne, about forty years later (Hist. universelle, 1616, ii. 53).

[1286] Arcere, i. 504, 505.

[1287] Arcere, ubi supra.

[1288] Arcere, i. 477, 480.

[1289] De Thou, iv. (liv. lvi.) 780; Arcere, i. 477; D'Aubigne, ii. 45 (liv. i., c. 9).

[1290] Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 102; Agrippa d'Aubigne, ii. 48 (liv. i., c. 9); De Thou, iv. 767, 786, 787, etc.

[1291] La Mothe Fenelon to Charles IX., June 3, 1573. Corresp. diplom., v. 339.

[1292] Jean de Serres (iv., fol. 87) states the length of the siege of Sommieres as four months, and the loss of men as five thousand killed. The Recueil des choses memorables, 1598 (p. 485), ascribed to the same author, reduces the loss one-half. Cf. De Thou, iv. 746-748.

[1293] Jean de Serres, iv., fols. 88, 89; De Thou, iv. (liv. lvi.) 749, 750.

[1294] "In ipso regni umbilico." Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 92.

[1295] Ibid., iv., fols. 72, 77, 79; Ag. d'Aubigne, ii. 40, 41; De Thou, iv. (liv. liv.) 660-663.

[1296] Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 93, 94.

[1297] "Ut Ierosolymitanae, Samaritanae, Saguntinae famis memoriam exaequare, nisi et exsuperare videatur." Ibid., iv., fol. 92.

[1298] "Discours de l'extreme famine, cherte de vivre, chairs, et autres choses non acoustumees pour la nourriture de l'homme, dont les assiegez dans la ville de Sancerre ont ete affligez." 1574. Reprinted in Archives curieuses, viii. 19-82.

[1299] Edward Smedley, History of the Reformed Religion in France (London, 1834), ii. 88.

[1300] "Fade et douceastre," p. 24.

[1301] De Thou, iv. (liv. lvi.) 796. As early as on the twelfth of April, such was the discouragement felt in Paris, that orders were published to make "Paradises" in each parish, and to institute processions, to supplicate the favor of heaven, in view of the repulses experienced by the Roman Catholics before La Rochelle. Journal d'un cure ligueur (Jehan de la Fosse), p. 158.

[1302] Histoire du siege de La Rochelle par le duc d'Anjou en 1573, par A. Genet, capitaine du genie; apud Bulletin de la Societe de l'histoire du prot. francais, ii. (1854) 96, 190.

[1303] Memoires de Claude Haton, ii. 722.

[1304] At Troyes, for instance, where the poor who had flocked to the city were invited to meet at one of the gates, to receive each a loaf of bread and a piece of money. This done, they saw the gates closed upon them, and were informed from the ramparts that they must go elsewhere to find their living until the next harvest. Claude Haton, ii. 729.

[1305] Ante, chapter xix., p. 552.

[1306] Here is his letter to Henry: "Mon frere. Dieu nous a fait la grasse que vous estes ellu roy de Poulogne. J'en suis si ayse que je ne scay que vous mander. Je loue Dieu de bon coeur; pardonnes moy, l'ayse me garde d'escrire. Je ne sceay que dire. Mon frere, je avons receu vostre lestre. Je suis vostre bien bon frere et amy, CHARLES." MS. Bibliotheque nationale, apud Haton, ii. 733.

[1307] The edict says expressly (Art. 5th): "Et y faire seulement les baptesmes et mariages a leur facon accoustumee sans plus grande assemblee, outre les parens, parrins et marrines, jusques au nombre de dix." Text in Agrippa d'Aubigne, ii. 98, etc., and Haag, France protestante, x. (Documents) 110-114. Jean de Serres (iv., fol. 107, etc.) and Von Polenz (Gesch. des Franz. Calvinismus, ii. 632) give a correct synopsis; but Soldan is wrong in including among the concessions "den Hausgottesdienst" (ii. 536), and De Thou still more incorrect when he speaks of "les preches et la Cene" (iv., liv. lvi. 796).

[1308] According to Davila, Sancerre was not comprehended in the terms made with the Rochellois, "because it was not a free town under the king's absolute dominion as the rest, but under the seigniory of the Counts of Sancerre." London trans. of 1678, 193.

[1309] Jean de Lery, Discours de l'extreme famine, etc., 25-27.

[1310] Jean de Lery, 38.

[1311] Styled also, in the articles of capitulation, "le gouverneur par election de ladite ville." He was an able and influential magistrate, who had been elected to the governorship of his native city at the time of the former troubles. Lery, 78-80.

[1312] Agrippa d'Aubigne (Hist. univ., ii. 104) distinctly represents La Chastre as desirous of destroying the entire city; while Lery (p. 77) and Davila (p. 193) are in doubt whether Johanneau's murder was not effected by his orders. Yet Lery himself records a conversation he held about this time with La Chastre (p. 67), in which the latter protested that he was not, as commonly reported, of a sanguinary disposition, and appealed for corroboration to his merciful treatment of some Huguenot prisoners that fell into his hands in the third civil war, whom he refused to surrender to the Parisian parliament when formally summoned to do so. Claude de la Chastre's noble letter to Charles IX., of January 21, 1570 (Bulletin, iv. 28), seems to be a sufficient voucher for his veracity. See ante, chapter xvi., p. 345.

[1313] Jean de Lery, 42.

[1314] Agrippa d'Aubigne, i. 104. It would be a great relief could we believe that inordinate fondness for the dance was the chief vice of the French court. Unfortunately the moral turpitude of the king and his favorites rests upon less suspicious grounds than the revolting stories told on hearsay by the unfriendly writer of the Eusebii Philadelphi Dialogi (Edinburgi, 1574), ii. 117, 118. The "Affair of Nantouillet," occurring just about the time of the Polish ambassadors' arrival in Paris, is only too authentic. The "Prevot de Paris," M. de Nantouillet (cf. ante, chapter xv., page 258, note), grandson of Cardinal du Prat, Chancellor of France under Francis I., offended Anjou by somewhat contemptuously declining the hand of the duke's discarded mistress, Mademoiselle de Chateauneuf. The lady easily induced her princely lover to avenge her wounded vanity. One evening Charles IX., the new king of Poland, the King of Navarre, the Grand Prior of France, and their attendants, presented themselves at the stately mansion of Nantouillet, on the southern bank of the Seine, opposite the Louvre, and demanded that a banquet be prepared for them. Though the royal party was masked, the unwilling host knew his guests but too well, and dared not deny their peremptory command. In the midst of the carousal, at a preconcerted signal, the king's followers began to ransack the house, maltreating the occupants, wantonly destroying the costly furniture, appropriating the silver plate, and breaking open doors and coffers in search of money. The next day even Paris itself was indignant at the base conduct of its king. To the first president of parliament, who that day visited the palace and informed Charles of the current rumors respecting his having been present and conniving at the pillage, the despicable monarch denied their truth with his customary horrible imprecation. But when the president expressed his great satisfaction, and said that parliament would at once institute proceedings to discover and punish the guilty, Charles promptly responded: "By no means. You will lose your trouble;" and he added a significant threat for Nantouillet, that, should he pursue his attempt to obtain satisfaction, he would find that he had to do with an opponent infinitely his superior. Euseb. Phil. Dialogi, ii. 117, 118; Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 114, verso; D'Aubigne, ii. 104; De Thou, iv. (liv. lvi.) 821.

[1315] Article 4th. Text in Agrippa d'Aubigne, ii. 98.

[1316] J. de Serres, iv., fol. 112.

[1317] This hamlet must not be confounded with the important town of Milhaud, or Milhau-en-Rouergue, mentioned below, nearly seventy miles farther west.

[1318] Histoire du Languedoc, v. 321.

[1319] Jean de Serres, iv., fols. 113, 114; De Thou, v. (liv. lvii.) 12, 13; Agrippa d'Aubigne, ii. 107; Histoire du Languedoc, v. 322. It ought to be noted that the Montauban assembly in reality did little more than confirm the regulations drawn up by previous and less conspicuous political assemblies of the Huguenots held at Anduze in February, and at Realmont, in May, 1573. This clearly appears from references to that earlier legislation contained in the more complete "organization" adopted four months later at Milhau. See the document in Haag, France Protestante, x. (Pieces justificatives) 124, 125. M. Jean Loutchitzki has published in the Bulletin, xxii. (1873) 507-511, a list of the political assemblies much fuller than given by any previous writer.

[1320] As it is of interest to fix the geographical distribution of the provinces represented, I give the list contained in the preamble: "Guyenne, Vivaretz, Gevaudan, Seneschaussee de Toloze, Auvergne, haute et basse Marche, Quercy, Perigord, Limosin, Agenois, Armignac, Cominges, Coustraux, Bigorre, Albret, Foix, Lauraguay, Albigeois, pais de Castres et Villelargue, Mirepoix, Carcassonne, et autres pais et provinces adjacentes."

[1321] Requete de l'assemblee de Montauban, in Haag, La France Protestante, x. (Pieces just.) 114-121.

[1322] Jean de Serres, iv., fols. 113, 114; De Thou, v. (liv. lvii.) 12, 13; Agrippa d'Aubigne, ii. 106.

[1323] Histoire du Languedoc, v. 322.

[1324] Agrippa d'Aubigne, ubi supra.

[1325] Jean de Serres, iv. (lib. xii.) fol. 114; D'Aubigne and De Thou, ubi supra. See also Languet (Epistolae secretae, i. 216), who, writing November 14, 1573, considers the Huguenots to be virtually demanding the re-enactment of the edict of January, 1562.

[1326] De Thou and D'Aubigne, ubi supra. Hist. du Languedoc, v. 322: "pourvu que lesdits de la religion donnent ordre de leur part, qu'il ne soit entrepris aucune chose au contraire, comme il est avenu ces jours passes, ce que je leur defens tres-expressement." Charles IX. to Damville, Oct. 18, 1573. Unfortunately, neither the promise nor the condition was observed over scrupulously.

[1327] The king's aunt, the Duchess of Savoy, his mother, and his brothers of Anjou and Alencon.

[1328] Relazione di Giov. Michiel, 1561, Tommaseo, i. 418-420.

[1329] De Thou, v. (liv. lvii.) 18.

[1330] Of this Queen Elizabeth reminded La Mothe Fenelon in a conversation reported by him June 3, 1573, Corr. dipl., v. 345, 346.

[1331] La Mothe Fenelon to Charles IX., July 26, 1573, Corr. dipl., v. 382.

[1332] The story was certainly not invented by his mother, "comme il estoit sorty de sa derniere maladye aussy jaune que cuyvre, tout bouffy, deffigure, bien fort petit et mince." No wonder that Leicester, while expressing the hope that the account might be false, hinted that it operated against the proposed marriage. La Mothe Fenelon to Charles IX., November 11, 1573, Correspondance diplomatique, v. 443.

[1333] Despatch of Aug. 20, ibid., v. 394.

[1334] The correspondence of La Mothe Fenelon, as preserved, is not destitute of interest. See volumes v. and vi., passim; as also Le Laboureur, Additions a Castelnau, vol. iii., pp. 350, seq.

[1335] De Thou, v. 12.

[1336] "Achten's dafuer dieweil es den Franzosen gelungen das sie das Koenigreich Polen ann sich practicirt, das sie darvon so hochmuethig wordenn das sie muessen nun Hern der ganze weltt werdenn."

[1337] Letters of Landgrave William, Sept. 8th, Oct. 17th and Nov. 6th, 1573, Groen van Prinsterer, iv. 116*, 118*, 123*. See also Soldan, ii. 552-556, who, as usual, is very full and satisfactory in everything bearing upon the relations of France to Germany. Rudolph, Maximilian's son, who succeeded his father three years later, was unfortunately far from embodying the excellences desired by the landgrave. It may be questioned whether the Protestants of Germany would have fared worse even under a Valois than under this degenerate Hapsburger.

[1338] Louis of Nassau to William of Orange, December, 1573. Groen van Prinsterer, iv. 278-281.

[1339] Motley, Rise of the Dutch Republic, ii. 534-538. J. de Serres, iv., fol. 134, gives the date as April 17th. This volume of Serres was published in the succeeding year, 1575.

[1340] The writer of an anonymous letter (now in the library of Prince Czartoryski), who saw Henry as he rode into Heidelberg, with Louis of Nassau on his right hand, and Duke Christopher, the elector's son, on his left, thus describes his personal appearance: "Homo procera statura, corpore gracili, facie oblonga pallida, oculis paululum prominentibus, vultu subtruculento, indutus pallio holoserico rubri coloris." Heidelberg letter "de transitu Henrici," etc., Dec. 22, 1573, apud Marquis de Noailles, Henri de Valois et la Pologne (Paris, 1867), iii. (Pieces justif.), 532.

[1341] Germany seems to have been full of blind rumors of treacherous designs on the part of its French neighbors. I have before me a pamphlet of little historical value, and evidently intended for popular circulation, entitled "Entdeckung etlicher heimlichen Practicken, so jetzund vorhanden wider unser geliebtes Vatterland, die Teutsche Nation, was man gaentzlich willens und ins werck zubringen, gegen den Evangelischen fuergenommen habe, durch einen guthertzigen und getrewen Christen unserm Vatterland zu guetem an tag geben. M.D.LXXIII."

[1342] De Thou, v. (liv. lvii.), 22; Mem. de Pierre de Lestoile (ed. Michaud et Poujoulat), i. 27.

[1343] "Was sich in Franckreich zugetragen, weiss man auch."

[1344] The minute of the conversation drawn up by the elector palatine with his own hand, and printed by Lalanne in the appendix to the fourth volume of his edition of Brantome's Works (411-418), is by far the most trustworthy source of information we possess. On the last count of the elector's indictment, Anjou's defence was certainly very lame: "Dass ich selbst an seines Altvatters Hof gesehen que c'a ete une Cour fort dissolue, aber seines Brudern und Frau Mutter Hof demselbigen bey weitem nicht zu vergleichen." Ibid., 414.

[1345] "C'est ce qui fit croire a bien des gens, que l'Electeur n'avoit pas recu un hote comme Henri aussi poliment qu'il le devoit." De Thou, v. (liv. lvii.) 22.

[1346] Heidelberg letter of Dec. 22, 1573, Czartoryski MSS., De Noailles, Pieces justif., iii. 533. See ante, p. 485.

[1347] Heidelberg letter, ubi supra, iii. 534.

[1348] Jean de Serres (edit. 1571), iii. 284; A. d'Aubigne, i. 264, "Pource que le Chancelier de l'Hospital ne pouvoit travailler de coeur en mesme temps aux violentes depesches de Thavanes, de Montluc et autres, et aux douceurs du Mareschal de Cosse, il ne fallut qu'un souspir de probite pour lui faire oster les sceaux; ce que fit la Roine en le relegant en sa maison pres Estampes jusques a la fin de ses jours." See also Languet's letter of September 20, 1568.

[1349] Chancellor de l'Hospital to Charles IX., January 12, 1573, copy discovered in the MSS. of the National Library, Paris, by Prof. Soldan, and printed in Appendix XI. of his history.

[1350] Ante, chapter xv., p. 264, note.

[1351] "M. le chancelier de l'Hospital qui avoit les fleurs de lys dans le coeur." Journal de Lestoile, p. 16.

[1352] "Politici (novum enim hoc nomen ex novo negotio sub hoc tempus natum)." Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 132.

[1353] Jean de Serres, iv., fols. 115-117. The dedication of Hotman's Franco-Gallia to the elector palatine is dated August 21, 1573.

[1354] Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 122. Serres gives an extended summary of the work, whose author is unknown to him, fols. 119-128.

[1355] Eusebii Philadelphi Dialog., ii. 117, et passim. See also the Tocsain contre les massacreurs, which, although published as late as 1579, was written before the death of Charles the Ninth (see the address of the printer, dated June 25, 1577), where the king is directly compared to the Emperor Nero. Archives curieuses, vii. 162.

[1356] They had, however, generally retracted their admissions of complicity made on the rack.

[1357] Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 118; De Thou, v. (liv. lvii.) 19, 20; Arcere, Histoire de la ville de la Rochelle, i. 533-540; Languet, Letter of Feb. 8, 1574, i. 229.

[1358] See the list of members in the protocol of the proceedings first published in the Bulletin de la Societe de l'hist. du prot. francais, x. (1862) 351-353.

[1359] In this, as in other particulars, the political assembly of Milhau merely re-enacted the provisions of the assembly of Realmont. For the dates of the early political assemblies of the Huguenots, which must of course be carefully distinguished from their synods or ecclesiastical assemblies, see the list in the Bulletin, etc., xxii. (1873) 508.

[1360] Text of the document embodying the resolutions of the political assembly of Milhau, in Haag, La France protestante (vol. x.), Pieces justificatives, 121-126. The correct date seems to be Dec. 17th, instead of 16th; Bulletin, as above, x. 351. Cf. also Leonce Anquez, Histoire des assemblees politiques des reformes de France (1573-1622), Paris, 1859, 7-11.

[1361] Lettres d'Auger Gislen, seigneur de Busbec, amb. de l'emp. Rodolphe II. aupres de Henri III. Cimber et Danjou, Archives curieuses, x. 115.

[1362] "Dictitabat se Religionem reformatam minime probare; ensis tantum sui mucronem esse Religiosum: id est, se non Religionis doctrinam, sed Religiosorum causam sequi. Hujusmodi exemplis magnae offensiones adversus Religiosos conflabantur." Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 118. The reader needs perhaps to be reminded that Religiosi here stands as the equivalent for the French designation of the Huguenots as "ceux de la Religion."

[1363] Agrippa d'Aubigne, ii. 113, 114 (liv. ii., c. 4); Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 117. Of "La Grande Chartreuse," which lies ten miles north of Grenoble, see a good account in R. Toepffer, Voyages en Zigzag, seconde serie.

[1364] Languet, Epistolae secretae, i. 214, etc.

[1365] E. Arnaud, Histoire des protestants du Dauphine aux xvie, xviie et xviiie siecles, Paris, 1875, i. 277-281; Ch. Charronet, Les guerres de religion et la societe protestante dans les Hautes-Alpes (1560-1789), Gap., 1861, p. 75, etc.

[1366] Agrippa d'Aubigne, ii. 113; De Thou, v. (liv. lvii.), 30.

[1367] "Fere omnes qui non fuerunt participes caedis Amiralii et aliorum, dicunt, Huguenotos merito corripere arma ad tutandam suam salutem, cum nihil observetur eorum quae hactenus fuerunt ipsis promissa." Languet, letter of April 14, 1574, Epistolae secretae, i. 239.

[1368] "Et parmy leurs discours se representoient a chacun coup la journee de St. Barthelemy."

[1369] The interesting particulars of the conference we obtain from two long and very important despatches of Biron to Charles IX., dated, the one, Ernandes, April 24th, the other, April 26th and 27th, 1574, MSS. Imperial Lib. of St. Petersburg, communicated to the Bulletin de la Soc. de l'hist. du prot. fr., xxii. (1873) 401-413, by M. Jean Loutchitzki.

[1370] Agrippa d'Aubigne, ii. 117. Shrove Tuesday fell, in 1574, on March 9th.

[1371] Ten miles from the chateau de St. Germain, and about the same distance from the palace of the Louvre. A part of the old forest yet remains.

[1372] I follow Agrippa d'Aubigne, who here must be regarded as excellent authority, for not only was he present, but it was by his means ("par ma conduitte") that Guitry was introduced into Navarre's chamber. Hist. univ., ii. 119.

[1373] Jean de Serres (iv., fol. 138) and the Memoires de l'estat (Archives curieuses, "Discours de l'entreprise de St. Germain," viii. 107-118) give the last of February for the date of the discovery of the undertaking of Alencon; but, from a comparison of letters, Prof. Soldan has shown (ii. 580) that it really was March 1st.

[1374] It is Agrippa d'Aubigne (Hist. univ., ii. 119) who depicts the scene. As he seems to have been present on the occasion, we may rely upon the truthfulness of the groundwork of his sketch, while ascribing a little of the coloring to the free hand of the artist.

[1375] The testimony of Navarre and others is preserved, and has been published, together with the interrogatories, in the Archives curieuses, viii. 127-221.

[1376] Pierre de Lestoile, Memoires (ed. Michaud et Poujoulat), 30. Languet, letter of May 11, 1574, ii. 7, 8.

[1377] Jean de Serres, iv. 136; Languet, letter of May 11, 1574, ii. 8.

[1378] "Je scais bien que ce sont des chats que vos huguenots, qui se retrouvent tousjours sur leurs pieds." Mem. de Pierre de Lestoile (ed. Michaud et Poujoulat), 53.

[1379] "Ains les laissant en paix comme ministres de l'utilite commune, et peres nourriciers des autres estats."

[1380] P. Brisson, Hist. et vray discours des guerres civiles es pays de Poictou, apud Histoire des protestants et des eglises ref. du Poitou, par Auguste Lievre (Poitiers, 1856), i. 189, 190.

[1381] De Thou, v. (liv. lvii.) 33.

[1382] De Thou, v. 44; Olhagaray, Hist. de Foix, etc., 638. Miss Freer ("Henry III., King of France, His Court and Times," i. 366) accepts the statement without question, while Prof. Soldan, ii. 587, rejects it, basing his action upon a passage in another treatise of D'Aubigne than that referred to below, viz.: "Choses notables et qui semblent dignes de l'histoire," in Archives curieuses, viii. 411.

[1383] Hist. univ., ii. 126. See a contemporary account: "La Prinse du Comte de Montgommery dedans le Chasteau de Donfron ... le Jeudy xxvii. de May, mil cinq cens soixante et quatorze. A Paris, 1574. Avec Privilege." Archives curieuses, viii. 223-238.

[1384] Aug. 13, 1569; see Olhagaray, Histoire de Foix, Bearn, et Navarre (Paris, 1609), pp. 616, 617. According to this author, "le voyage de Bearn, et le coup de Navarreux sur la noblesse du pais luy cousta cela," i.e., his execution. Ib., p. 639.

[1385] Memoires d'un cure ligueur (Jehan de la Fosse), pp. 168, 169. See ante, chapter xiii., p. 78. Chantonnay (despatch of May 6, 1562) speaks of Montgomery as "se ventant que la plus belle et digne oeuvre que se soit jamais faicte en France, fut le coup de lance dont il tua le roy Henry. Je m'esbayhis comme la royne le peult dissimuler." Mem. de Conde, ii. 37.

[1386] "Discours de la Mort et Execution de Gabriel Comte de Montgommery, par Arrest de la Court, pour les conspirations et menees par luy commises, contre le Roy et son estat. Qui fut a Paris, le vingtsixiesme de Iuing, 1574. A Paris, 1574. Avec priv." (Archives cur., viii. 239-253.)

[1387] Doubtless repeating the words of the Confession of Sins, beginning: "Seigneur Dieu, Pere Eternel et Tout-puissant," etc., a form loved by the Huguenots, and often on the lips of martyrs for the faith.

[1388] Memoires de Lestoile, i. 38. Agrippa d'Aubigne gives us (ii. 131) a full account of Montgomery's address, which he himself heard, mounted, as he informs us, "en croupe" behind M. de Fervaques, to whom Montgomery bade farewell just before his death. The Huguenot captain made but two requests of the bystanders: "the first, that they would tell his children, whom the judges had declared to be degraded to the rank of 'roturiers,' that, if they had not virtue of nobility enough to reassert their position, their father consented to the act; as for the other request, he conjured them, by the respect due to the words of a dying man, not to represent him to others as beheaded for any of the reasons assigned in his judicial condemnation—his wars, expeditions, and ensigns won—subjects of frivolous praise to vain men—but to make him the companion in cause and in death of so many simple persons according to the world—old men, young men, and poor women—who in that same place (the Place de Greve) had endured fire and knife." D'Aubigne's narrative, as usual, is vivid, and mentions somewhat trivial details, which, however, are additional pledges of its accuracy; e.g., he alludes to the fact that, having spoken as above to those who stood on the side toward the river, he repeated his remarks to those on the other side of the Place de Greve, beginning with the words, "I was saying to the men yonder," etc.

[1389] De Thou, v. (liv. lvii.) 48.

[1390] Hist. univ., ii. (liv. ii.) 129.

[1391] Memoires de Pierre de Lestoile (ed. Michaud et Poujoulat), i. 31.

[1392] De Thou, v. 48; text in Isambert, Recueil des anc. lois fr., xiv. 262.

[1393] Memoires de Claude Haton, ii. 764

[1394] North British Review, Oct., 1869, p. 27.

[1395] Or, as Sorbin expressed it, "qu'il voyoit l'idole Calvinesque n'estre encores du tout chassee." Le vray resveille-matin des Calvinistes, 88, ibid., ubi supra. The expression, it will be noticed, contains a distinct reference to the anagram upon the name of "Charles de Valois"—"va chasser l'idole," upon which the Huguenots had founded brilliant hopes. See ante, chapter xiii., p. 123. On the other hand, since the massacre, some Huguenot had discovered that from the same name could be obtained the appropriate words "chasseur deloyal." Recueil des choses memorables (1598), 506.

[1396] Languet, ii. 16.

[1397] Agrippa D'Aubigne, ii. 129; De Thou, v. (liv. lvii.) 50. Charles left but one legitimate child, a daughter, born Oct. 27, 1572, who died in her sixth year.

[1398] Claude Haton, never more himself than when recounting the circumstances of a case of murder, whether by sword or by poison, fully credits the story; but the letter of Catharine to M. de Matignon, written on the 31st of May, gives an intelligible account of the results of the medical examination establishing the pulmonary nature of the king's disease.

[1399] Jean de Serres, Comment de statu, etc., iv., fol. 137.

[1400] See examples given by White (Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 480) and others.

[1401] De Thou and others ascribe to Albert de Gondy, Count of Retz, one of Charles's early instructors and a creature of Catharine de' Medici, the unenviable credit of having taught the young monarch never to tell the truth, and to use those horrible imprecations which startled even the profane when coming from the lips of a dying man. De Thou, v. 47, etc. See also Jean de Serres, iv., fol. 137, and Brantome, Le roy Charles IXe.

[1402] See the contemporary pamphlet, "Le Trespas et Obseques du tres-chrestien roy de France, Charles IXe. de ce Nom;" reprinted in Cimber et Danjou, Archives curieuses.



INDEX.

A.

Abasement of the people, fruits of the, i. 15.

"Accommodating" the Huguenots of Rouen, ii. 521.

"Accord," the Protestants of Cateau-Cambresis claim the benefit of the, ii. 190.

Acier, Baron d' (Jacques de Crussol), ii. 283, 335.

Acier, D', younger brother of Crussol, ii. 230, note.

Adrets, Francois de Beaumont, Baron des, a merciless general of the Huguenots, ii. 49; his vindication of his course, ii. 50, note; his cruelty, ii. 50, 51; deserts the Huguenots, ii. 102.

Adriani, Giovambatista, the historian, his assertion that a plan for "Sicilian Vespers" was to have been executed at Moulins, ii. 183; on the rejoicing in Italy over the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, ii. 534.

Agen, in Guyenne, persecution at, i. 217.

Agenois, Protestantism in, i. 428.

"Agimus a gagne Pere Eternel," meaning of the expression, i. 345.

Aiguillon, ii. 350.

Airvault, ii. 336.

Aix, Parliament of, i. 19; iniquitous order respecting the Waldenses or Vaudois, i. 235. See Vaudois of Provence.

Alava, Frances de, Spanish ambassador at Paris, ii. 181.

Albi, refuses to admit a garrison, ii. 250.

Albigenses, i. 61; accused of Manichaeism, i. 62.

Albret, Jeanne d'. See Navarre, Queen of.

Aleander, papal nuncio, his hopes respecting Lefevre d'Etaples, i. 94.

Alencon, city of, saved from becoming a scene of massacre by M. de Matignon, ii. 526.

Alencon, Francis of, fourth son of Henry II., baptized Hercules, i. 415; to be substituted for Anjou, as a suitor for the hand of Queen Elizabeth, ii. 380; his praise, ii. 398; he takes no part in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, and is threatened by his mother, ii. 476, 477; his reply to her attempt to estrange him from the admiral, ii. 495; La Mothe Fenelon instructed to press his suit with Queen Elizabeth, ii. 606; his disfigurement, ii. 607; he is offered as candidate for election as King of the Romans, ii. 608; the proposal is declined, ii. 609; chosen by the party of the "Politiques" as their head, ii. 619; his untrustworthy character, ii. 619, 620; his irresolution, ii. 625.

Alessandria, the Cardinal of, despatched as legate to Paris, ii. 400; Charles IX.'s assurances to him, ii. 400-403, 531.

Alexander III. dedicates the abbey of St. Germain-des-Pres, ii. 483, note.

Alienor, or Eleonore, last Duchess of Aquitaine, her charter given to La Rochelle in 1199, ii. 270.

Allens, M. d', i. 238.

Alva, Duke of, is one of the ambassadors of Philip II., and a hostage for the execution of the treaty of Cateau-Cambresis, i. 325; declines the joint expedition proposed by Henry II. for the destruction of Geneva, i. 327; is suspicious of the proposed conference at Bayonne, ii. 168 (see Bayonne, Conference of); sent to Netherlands, ii. 195; alarm caused by his march, ii. 196; he is invited by Cardinal Lorraine to enter France, ii. 208; he procrastinates, ib.; insincerity of his offers, ii. 212; sends a few troops under Count Aremberg, ii. 213; is again called upon for aid, ii. 221; his view of accommodations with heretics, ii. 222; opposes the peace of Saint Germain, ii. 368; he receives a signal rebuff from Charles IX., ii. 390, 391; exults over the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, but hesitates from policy to put the Huguenot prisoners to death, ii. 540; earns the approval of Pius V. by his butcheries, ii. 564, 565.

Amboise, the peace of, March 19, 1563, terminating the first civil war, ii. 115; its terms condemned, ii. 116, 128; Coligny's disappointment at, ii. 116, 117; the terms in many places not observed, ii. 128; commissioners sent out to enforce the execution of the edict, ii. 132; the Parliament of Paris sternly reproved by the king for its failure to record the edict, ii. 139, 140; the edict infringed upon by interpretative declarations, ii. 160.

Amboise, the Tumult of, causes of, i. 375, seq.; Assembly of Nantes, i. 300; chronology of the Tumult, i. 381; the plot betrayed, i. 382; dismay of the royal court, i. 387; bloody executions following, i. 391.

"Amende honorable," i. 172.

Amiens, one hundred and fifty Huguenots murdered at, ii. 249.

Amnesty, the Edict of, March, 1560, i. 385; its terms ostensibly extended, but explained away, i. 390, 391.

Anagram of Charles de Valois (Charles IX.), ii. 123.

Andelot, Francois d', younger brother of Admiral Coligny, favors the Reformation, i. 313; denounced as a heretic by Cardinal Granvelle, i. 316; his visit to Brittany, ib.; he is summoned by Henry II., before whom he makes a manly defence of his faith, i. 317, 318; is imprisoned, i. 318; his temporary weakness, i. 319; disappointment of the Pope at his escape from the stake, i. 320, note; is consulted by Catharine de' Medici, i. 383; throws himself into Orleans, ii. 39; returns with reinforcements from Germany, ii. 84; is left in Orleans by Conde, ii. 85; his warlike counsels at the outbreak of the second civil war prevail, ii. 204; sent to intercept Count of Aremberg, ii. 214; spirited remonstrance (ascribed to him) addressed to Catharine de' Medici, ii. 252, 253; his escape from Brittany to La Rochelle, ii. 281; his death ii. 312; his character and exploits, ii. 313, 314.

Ange, L', orator for the tiers etat in the States General of Orleans, i. 458.

Angers, massacre of, ii. 512, 513.

Anglois, Jacques l', a Protestant minister, murdered at Rouen, ii. 515.

Angouleme, ii. 283.

Angouleme, Bastard of, ii. 456, 459, 483.

Angouleme, Margaret of, afterward Queen of Navarre, sister of Francis I., i. 74, 86; birth and studies, i. 104; personal appearance, i. 105; political influence, i. 106; married first to Duke of Alencon, ib.; goes to Spain to visit her captive brother, ib.; marriage to Henry, King of Navarre, i. 107; corresponds with Bishop Briconnet, i. 108; her Heptameron, i. 119; her sanguine hopes, i. 133; her correspondence with Count von Hohenlohe, ib.; favors Protestant preachers, i. 151; attacked in the College of Navarre, i. 152; her "Miroir de l'ame pecheresse," ib.; fruitless intercessions in the matter of the placards of 1534, i. 168; she yields to the influence of the "Libertines," i. 195, 226; her address to the Parliament of Bordeaux, i. 226.

"Annats," i. 25.

Anjou, Henry, Duke of (afterward Henry III., see Henry of Valois); he is appointed by Charles IX. lieutenant-general, and placed in supreme command of the army, ii. 217; endeavors to prevent the junction of Conde and the Germans, ii. 220; his forces at the beginning of the third civil war, ii. 285; his army goes into winter quarters, ii. 286; his growing superiority in numbers, ii. 298; endeavors to prevent the southern Huguenots from reinforcing Conde, ii. 299; throws his troops in front of Conde, ii. 300; obtains a victory at Jarnac, March 13, 1569, ii. 301, 302; sends off exaggerated bulletins from the battle-field, ii. 307, 308; receives congratulations and sanguinary injunctions from Pius V., ii. 309; he furloughs his troops, ii. 320; relieves Poitiers, ii. 325; his army strengthened, ii. 332; defeats the Huguenots at Moncontour, ii. 332-336; loses the advantages gained, through the mistake committed at St. Jean d'Angely, ii. 340, seq.; disbands a great part of his army, ii. 343; leaves the remainder in the prince dauphin's hands, ib.; his projected marriage to Queen Elizabeth, ii. 377, seq.; machinations to dissuade him, ii. 379; indignation of Charles at, ib.; his new ardor, ii. 381; papal and Spanish efforts, ii. 382; the match abandoned, ii. 396; his confession respecting the origin of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day ii. 433; his jealousy of Coligny's influence, ib.; he and his mother resolve upon the death of the admiral, ii. 434; they call in the help of the Duchess of Nemours and Henry of Guise, ib.; he visits the wounded admiral, ii. 441; plies Charles IX. with arguments to frighten him into authorizing a massacre of the Huguenots, ii. 447, 448; he rides through the streets of Paris encouraging the assassins, ii. 472; enriches himself from the plunder of the jeweller Baduere, ii. 485; helps to persuade Charles IX. to assume the responsibility of the massacre, ii. 491; his letter to Montsoreau, Governor of Saumur, ii. 503; sent to assume command of the army besieging La Rochelle, ii. 585; issues stringent ordinances after the example of the Huguenots, ib.; he is elected King of Poland, ii. 593; his reception at Heidelberg by the Elector Palatine, Frederick the Pious, ii. 610, seq.; his personal appearance, ii. 610, note; his lying assertions and the elector's frank remonstrance, ii. 611, 612.

Antoine de Bourbon-Vendome, King of Navarre. See Navarre, Antoine, King of.

Aosta, story of Calvin's labors at, i. 207.

Arande, Michel d', i. 74, 96; his reply to Farel, i. 97.

Aremberg Count, sent by Alva to France, ii. 213, 214.

Arnay-le-Duc, battle of, June 25, 1570, ii. 354, seq.

Arras, Bishop of. See Granvelle, Cardinal.

Arras, execution of Vaudois at, i. 63.

Artois and Flanders, i. 66; ii. 186.

Assembly, a political, of the Huguenots, held in Nismes, Nov., 1562, ii. 86; a military organization of the Huguenots provided for by the assembly of Montauban, Aug., 1573, ii. 600; previous assemblies, ii. 601, note; the organization perfected in the assembly of Milhau, Dec. 17, 1573, ii. 617-619.

Astrology, popular belief in, i. 47.

Aubenas, a Huguenot place of refuge, ii. 280.

Aubigne, Agrippa d', at Amboise, i. 392; his father's exclamation, i. 393; his testimony as to Chancellor L'Hospital's complicity with the conspirators of Amboise, i. 412; his father appointed a commissioner for the execution of the edict of pacification of Amboise, ii. 132; his enlistment in the Huguenot army, ii. 275; on the firing of Charles IX. on the Huguenots at the massacre, ii. 483; on the magnanimous reply of the Viscount D'Orthez to the king, ii. 528, note; on the effect of the massacre on the king himself, ii. 560, 561; his account of Regnier's deliverance of Montauban, ii. 575; of the death of Count Montgomery, ii. 634, 635, note.

Aubigne, Merle d'. See Merle.

Audeberte, Anne her martyrdom, i, 278.

Auger, or Augier, Edmond, his violent sermons at Bordeaux, ii. 523.

Aumale, Claude, Duke of, i. 269; marries a daughter of Diana of Poitiers, i. 273; his jealousy of the Duke of Nemours, ii. 317; pursues the Huguenots, ii. 336; helps arrange the plan for assassinating Coligny, ii. 435; receives a rough answer from Charles IX., ii. 446; pursues Montgomery, ii. 482; is killed before La Rochelle, March 3, 1573, ii. 585.

Aurillac, ii. 348.

Autun, the "mice" of, i. 238.

Auxerre, assassination of Huguenots at, ii. 249.

Avenelles, Des, betrays the designs of La Renaudie to the Guises, i. 382.

"Aventuriers," i. 44.

Avignon, i. 4; popes at, i. 28.

Ayamonte, Marquis d', sent by Philip II. to congratulate Charles IX. on the massacre of the Huguenots, ii. 540.

"Aygnos," for Huguenots, ii. 180, note.

B.

"Babylonish captivity," i. 28.

Baden, Marquis of, ii. 298, 334.

Baden, the Swiss Diet of, ii. 558.

Baduere, a rich jeweller in Paris and a Huguenot, great plunder obtained by the Duke of Anjou from his shop, ii. 485, 613.

Ballads, Huguenot, ii. 120-125.

Balue, Cardinal, i. 34.

Barbaro, a Venetian ambassador, regards the conference of Saint Germain as an efficient means of spreading heresy, ii. 9; on Catharine de' Medici, ii. 370.

Barrier, a Franciscan monk and curate at Provins, his remarks to the people when ordered to make proclamation of the king's tolerant order, i. 477, note; his seditious sermon on the edict of January, ii. 5, 6; at the beginning of the third civil war, ii. 279.

Bassompierre, ii. 298.

Battle of Pavia, Feb 24, 1525, i. 122; of Saint Quentin, Aug. 10, 1557, i. 302; of Dreux, Dec. 19, 1562, ii. 93; of Saint Denis, Nov. 10, 1567, ii. 213-215; of Jarnac, March 13, 1569, ii. 301, 302; of La Roche Abeille, ii. 319; of Moncontour, Oct. 3, 1569, ii. 332-336; of Arnay-le-Duc, June 25 and 26, 1570, ii. 354.

Baum, Professor, on the reply of Conde to the "petition" of the Triumvirs, ii. 61.

Bayonne, Conference of, June, 1565, ii. 167, seq.; proposed by Catharine de' Medici, ib.; looked upon with suspicion by Philip II. and Alva, ii. 167, 168; current misapprehensions respecting its object, ii. 168, 169; what was actually proposed, ii. 171; Charles declares himself against war, ii. 172; the discussion between Alva, Catharine, and Isabella, ii. 172-175; no plan of extermination adopted or even proposed, ii. 176; festivities and pageantry, ii. 176-179; the assertion of Adriani that the "Sicilian Vespers" projected at Bayonne were to have been executed at Moulins, ii. 183; some of the appointed victims, ii. 198, note.

Bearn, i. 108; establishment of the Reformation in, ii. 148, seq.; Montgomery takes a great part of, ii. 323.

Beaudine, ii. 352, 475.

Beaugency "loaned" by Conde to the King of Navarre, ii. 63; retaken by the Huguenots, ii. 66.

Beauvais, riot at, occasioned by the suspected Protestantism of Cardinal Chatillon, bishop of the city, i. 474, seq.

Beauvoir la Nocle, a Huguenot negotiator, ii. 357, 359, 363; escapes from the massacre, ii. 481-483, 625.

Becanis, Vidal de, an inquisitor, i. 289.

Beda, or Bedier, Natalis, i. 23, 71, 151.

Belin, an agent in the massacre of Troyes, ii. 507, 508.

Bellay, Guillaume du, i. 150; labors for conciliation, i. 160; his representations at Smalcald to the German princes, i. 188; makes in the name of Francis I., a Protestant confession, i. 189; is instructed to investigate the history and character of the Waldenses of Merindol, i. 239; his favorable report, i. 240.

Bellay, Jean du, Bishop of Paris, leans to the reformed doctrine, i. 156.

Bellievre, his lying representations to the Swiss respecting the admiral, the massacre, etc., ii. 558, 559.

Berchon, Governor of Orange, expelled, ii. 620.

Berne, canton of, intercedes for the relatives of Farel, but receives a rough answer from Francis I., i. 156; again applies to him, with similar results, i. 192; intercedes for the Five Scholars of Lausanne, i. 284; other intercessions, i. 286, 309, 310; sends troops to the aid of the Huguenots, but afterward recalls them, ii. 56.

Berquin, Louis de, i. 44; his character, i. 128; becomes a reformer, i. 129; prosecuted and imprisoned but released by order of the king, i. 130; becomes acquainted with Erasmus, ib.; his second imprisonment, i. 131; and release, i. 132; intercessions of Margaret of Angouleme, i. 132; his third arrest, i. 143, seq.; his execution, i. 145; elegies on, i. 157.

Berthault, an evangelical preacher, i. 151.

Bethisy, rue de, ii. 438, note.

Beza, or De Beze, Theodore, efforts in behalf of the persecuted Protestants of Paris, i. 309; consulted as to revolution, i. 377; dissuades the French Protestants from armed resistance, i. 378; his comment upon the edict of amnesty, i. 386; invited by Antoine of Bourbon to Nerac, i. 431; he returns to Geneva, i. 435; he is invited to the Colloquy of Poissy, i. 494; urged by the Protestants of Paris to come, i. 496; his hesitation, but final consent, i. 497; he reaches St. Germain, ib.; his previous history, i. 497, 498; he has a flattering reception, i. 502; distrusts Chancellor L'Hospital, ib.; has a discussion with Cardinal Lorraine, who professes to be satisfied, i. 503, 504; his diffidence, i. 512; his retort to the sneer of a cardinal, i. 514; his prayer and address, i. 514-521; he is interrupted by an outcry of the theologians of the Sorbonne, i. 519; his brilliant success, i. 523; his frankness justified, i. 524; he asks a hearing to answer Cardinal Lorraine, i. 529; his reply, i. 532, 533; he skilfully parries the cardinal's demand that he should subscribe to the Augsburg Confession, ib.; his remarks on Romish "vocation," i. 534; and a proper and amicable conference, i. 535; he excites the anger of the prelates, i. 536; replies to Lainez, i. 537; at the conference of Saint Germain, i. 539, seq.; is begged by Catharine de' Medici, Conde and Coligny to remain in France, i. 559; his anxiety to restrain the Protestants from violence, i. 565; urges the Huguenots to obey the edict of January, ii. 4; he demands the punishment of the authors of the massacre of Vassy, ii. 27; his noble answer to the King of Navarre, ii. 28; he is the probable author of Conde's reply to the "petition" of the Triumvirs, ii. 61; his view of the practicability of taking Paris, ii. 88; he is accused by Poltrot of having instigated the murder of the Duke of Guise, ii. 105; he vindicates his innocence, ii. 106; he is moderator of the seventh national synod, ii. 388, note; a price set on his head by the Duchess of Parma, ib.; his remarks on Coligny's death, ii. 554; his sermon on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, ii. 555; his lively sympathy with the persecuted Huguenots, ii. 556, note.

Bible, old translations of, unfaithful, i. 77, 78; translation of Lefevre, i. 78; eagerly bought, i. 79; sale of French translations, i. 219; translated by Olivetanus, i. 233.

Birague at the blood council, ii. 447.

Biron pursues the Huguenots after the battle of Moncontour, ii. 336; negotiates with Coligny, ii. 359, 363; carries to the Queen of Navarre the proposal of the marriage of Henry of Navarre to Margaret of Valois, ii. 394; in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, ii. 473; sent to La Rochelle as governor, ii. 578; is not received, ib.; ii. 581, 582, 616, 617; his new negotiations before La Rochelle ii. 621, 622.

Blamont, ii. 609.

Blasphemous taunts addressed to the Huguenots at Orleans in the massacre, ii. 509; See also, ii. 570, 571.

Blaye, ii. 283.

Blondel, executed at Toulouse, for singing a profane hymn of Marot at Corpus Christi, i. 297.

Bochetel, Bishop of Rennes, his false representations to the German princes respecting the Huguenots, ii. 217.

Boissiere, Claude de la, a minister at the Colloquy of Poissy, i. 509.

Bombs, used by the Protestant garrison of Orleans, ii. 101.

Boniface VIII., Pope, i. 27.

Book-pedlers from Switzerland, i. 281.

Books, war upon, i. 280; not to be sold by pedlers, i. 281.

Bordeaux, Parliament of, i. 19; sanguinary action of, after the battle of Jarnac, ii. 310.

Bordeaux, the boldness of the "Lutherans" of, according to the archbishop of the city, i. 221; oppression to which the Protestants were subjected, ii. 164; massacre of, Oct., 1572, ii. 522-524.

Boscheron des Portes, President, gives credit to an alleged admission of disloyal intentions on the part of La Renaudie, i. 394-396.

Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux his admiration of the sagacity of the Cardinal of Lorraine, i. 546.

Botzheim, Johann Wilhelm von his account of the massacre at Orleans, ii. 569, seq.

Bouchavannes, ii. 453.

Bouchet, Jean, his "Deploration," i. 65.

Bouillon, Duc de, ii. 625.

Boulogne, edict of pacification of, July, 1573, ii. 593.

Bouquin, Jean, a minister at the Colloquy of Poissy, i. 509.

Bourbon, Antoine of. See Antoine, King of Navarre.

Bourbon, Cardinal his speech to the notables i. 136; exhorts Francis to prove himself "Very Christian," i. 137; he is made governor of Paris in place of Marshal Montmorency, ii. 33; his anger at L'Hospital's action in behalf of the scattered Protestants, ii. 186.

Bourg, Anne du, a learned and upright member of the Parliament of Paris, makes an eloquent plea for religious liberty in the "mercuriale," i. 334; his arrest, i. 335; his trial and successive appeals, i. 368; his officious advocate, i. 369; his message to the Protestants of Paris, ib.; his deportment in the Bastile, i. 370; intercession of the Elector Palatine in his behalf, ib.; his pathetic and eloquent speech i. 371; his death, i. 372; a disastrous blow to the established church, i. 373; account of Florimond de Raemond, i. 373, 374.

Bourg, Jean du, a wealthy draper, executed, i. 172.

Bourges, captured by Marshal Saint Andre, ii. 71, 72; violence at, ii. 249; unsuccessful attempt upon, ii. 344; massacre of Protestants at, ii. 511, 512.

Bourges, council of, i. 29; provincial council of, i. 139.

Bourniquet, Viscount of, ii. 230, note.

Bourry, a Protestant captain, ii. 329.

Bouteiller, Abbe, confers with the Protestants at Poissy, i. 538; his doctrinal views, i. 548.

Brandenburg, the Elector of, declines to help the Huguenots, ii. 217.

Brantome, the Abbe de, his eulogy of Renee de France, i. 206; on the massacre of Vassy, ii. 24; on the firing of Charles IX. on the Huguenots, ii. 482, note; on the chief actors in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, ii. 562.

Brazil, a Protestant colony sent to, under Villegagnon, i. 291; fails through Villegagnon's hostility to Protestantism, i. 294.

Bresse, i. 3, 66.

Bretagne, Jacques, "vierg" of Autun, his able speech for the "tiers etat" at the States General of Pontoise, i. 489.

Briconnet, Guillaume, Bishop of Meaux, i. 72; invites Lefevre and Farel, i. 73; his warning, i. 77; his weakness, i. 79, 80, 81; his synodal decree, i. 80; cited before parliament, i. 82; becomes the jailer of the "Lutherans," i. 92; his correspondence with Margaret of Angouleme, i. 108.

Briquemault, execution of, Oct. 27, 1573, for alleged complicity in a Huguenot conspiracy against the king, ii. 548, 549.

Brouage, ii. 576.

Browning, W. S., his error as to the authorship of the "Vie de Coligny," i. 418, note.

Brugiere, execution of, i. 276.

Bude, Guillaume, i. 144.

Burgundians, their intolerance of the Reformation, ii. 185.

Burleigh, Lord (see also Cecil), promotes the match between the Duke of Anjou and Queen Elizabeth, ii. 381.

Busbec, his delineation of the character of the Duke of Alencon, ii. 620.

Bussy, or Bucy, Porte de, ii. 483.

Bussy d'Amboise murders the Marquis de Renel, ii. 472.

C.

Cabrieres, destruction of i. 248.

Caen, in Normandy, Protestant assemblies in, i. 408; iconoclasm at, ii. 44; saved from becoming a scene of massacre, by M. de Matignon, ii. 526.

Caillaud, President, exceptional fairness of, i. 219.

Calais, captured by Francis, Duke of Guise, i. 312.

Calvin, John, the real author of Rector Cop's address, i. 154; his flight from Paris, i. 155; his language respecting Francis I. and Charles V., i. 195; becomes the apologist of the Protestants, i. 198; his birth and training, ib.; studies at Paris, Orleans, and Bourges, i. 199; is a pupil of Melchior Wolmar, ib.; translates Seneca "De Clementia," i. 200; his flight to Angouleme, i. 201; traditions respecting his preaching, ib.; he resigns his benefices, ib.; reaches Basle, i. 201; writes his "Christian Institutes," i. 202; the original edition in Latin, ib.; the preface, i. 203, 204; it has no effect in allaying persecution, but achieves distinction for its author, i. 204; he revises the Bible of Olivetanus, i. 205; he visits Italy, ib.; said to have labored at Aosta, i. 207; passing through Geneva, is detained by the urgency of Farel, i. 208; becomes the head of the commonwealth, i. 210; his views respecting church and state, ib.; respecting the punishment of heresy, i. 211; approves of the execution, but not the burning of Servetus, i. 212; his fault the fault of the age, ib.; he shuns notoriety, i. 213; his character and natural endowments, i. 214; he is consulted by Protestants in every quarter of Europe, ib.; his constant toils, ib.; he encounters bitter opposition, but obtains the support of the people, i. 215; estimate of his character by Etienne Pasquier, i. 216; his great influence, according to the Venetian Michiel, ib.; writes against the Nicodemites and Libertines, i. 225; consoles Protestant Church of Paris, i. 308; and writes to stir up intercession in behalf of the prisoners, ib.; his liturgy, i. 342, seq.; pseudo-Roman edition of, i. 275, 344; consulted as to revolution, i. 377; dissuades from armed resistance, foreseeing civil war, i. 378; endeavors to repress the tendency to iconoclasm, i. 487; why he was not invited to the Colloquy of Poissy, i. 494; his letter to Renee de France respecting the Duke of Guise, ii. 110.

Cambray, the Archbishop of, ii. 187, 189, 190; his vengeance upon Cateau-Cambresis, ii. 191.

"Camisade," attempted, ii. 65.

Capilupi, author of "Lo stratagema," ii. 436, etc.

Caraffa, Cardinal, nephew of Paul IV., negotiates the breaking of the truce of Vaucelles, i. 298; his character, ib.

Carnavalet, M. de, ii. 220.

Caroli, Pierre, wearies out Beda, i. 118.

Caroline, a strong earthwork thrown up by the Huguenots in Florida, ii. 200.

Carouge, M. de, at Rouen, ii. 519, seq.

Cartier, ii. 328.

Castelnau, Baron de, treacherous capture of, i. 388.

Castelnau, Michel de, Sieur de Mauvissiere, the historian, sent by the Triumvirs to Catharine before the battle of Dreux, ii. 92; sent by Charles IX. to congratulate Alva, ii. 206, note; ii. 212, 213; his sketch of Coligny's plan of march, ii. 348, 356.

Castel-Sarrasin, ii. 575.

Castres refuses to admit a garrison, in 1568, ii. 250; a Huguenot place of refuge, ii. 280, 578.

Cateau-Cambresis, the peace of, April 3, 1559, i. 322; its disgraceful and disastrous conditions, i. 323; a secret treaty for the extermination of the Protestants supposed, without sufficient reason, to have been drawn up at the same time, i. 324-326; the Reformation in, ii. 187-191; iconoclasm at, ii. 190; the Protestants claim the benefit of the "Accord," ib.

Cathari, i. 61, 62.

Catharine de' Medici, i. 41; credits the predictions of Nostradamus, i. 47; her marriage to Henry of Orleans, afterward Henry II, i. 148; dissatisfaction of French people, ib.; her dream the night before Henry II is mortally wounded, i. 339; assumes an important part in the government, i. 348; her timidity and dissimulation, i. 349; she dismisses Diana of Poitiers, ib.; her alliance with the Guises, i. 350; asks aid of Philip II, and receives promises, i. 358; is appealed to by the persecuted Protestants, i. 362; she encourages them, i. 363; her favorite psalm, ib.; she receives a second and more urgent appeal, i. 364; her indignation at the stories of the orgies in "la petite Geneve," i. 365; she declares that the Protestants are men of their word, i. 383; she consults Coligny at the time of the Tumult of Amboise and receives good advice, i. 383, 384; receives a letter from the Huguenots signed Theophilus, i. 409; consults Regnier de la Planche, i. 410; rejects the advances of the Guises, just before the death of Francis II, i. 443; and makes terms with Navarre who yields the regency without a struggle, i. 444; her adroitness in the management of Navarre, i. 452; the difficulties confronting her, i. 453; her letter to her daughter Isabella, i. 454; her determination to hold the Colloquy of Poissy, i. 499; her excuses to the Pope and Philip II., i. 500; warns her son Charles against gross superstition and against innovation, ib., note; her letter to Pius IV., i. 500, 501; its effect at Rome, i. 501; she is much pleased with the results of the first interview between Beza and Cardinal Lorraine, i. 504; she consents that the prelates shall not act as judges in the colloquy at Poissy, but will not have the decree put in writing, i. 507; she is resolute that the colloquy should be held, i. 508; refuses Cardinal Tournon's request to interrupt it, i. 522; her premature delight at the reported accord in the Conference of Saint Germain, i. 541; her financial success with the prelates, i. 543; her crude notion of a conference, i. 547; is compared by Roman Catholic preachers to Jezebel, ii. 5; causes the retirement of Constable Montmorency, ii. 18; sends for the Guises, ib.; after the massacre of Vassy, orders the Duke of Guise to enter Paris, but invites him to come to court with a small suite, ii. 27; her anxiety, ii. 29; she removes with the king from Monceaux to Melun, ii. 30; and thence to Fontainebleau, ii. 31; Soubise's account of her painful indecision, ib.; her letters to Conde imploring his help, ii., 31, 32; is brought back to Paris, ii. 36; Tavannes's view of her inclination to the Huguenots, ii. 39; her terror, ii. 47; unites in a declaration that the king is not in duress, ii. 54; confers with Conde, with a view to peace, ii. 62; her crafty negotiations, ii. 64; her speech to Throkmorton respecting the English in Normandy, ii. 75; delays Conde by negotiations before Paris, ii. 89; her reply when consulted by the Triumvirs as to the propriety of engaging the Huguenots, ii. 92, 93; her exclamation on receiving false tidings from the battle of Dreux, ii. 96; her promises to Conde at the peace of Amboise, ii. 117; Huguenot songs respecting, ii. 124; her embarrassment in respect to the fulfilment of her promises, ii. 137; resolves to declare the majority of Charles IX., ii. 138; she endeavors to seduce Conde from the Huguenots, ii. 144; her alienation from the Huguenots, ii. 159, 160; commands her maids of honor to go to mass, ii. 160; her regulation respecting the deportment of gentlemen, ii. 160, note; proposes the conference at Bayonne, ii. 167 (see Bayonne, Conference of); she opposes violent measures, ii. 172-176; forbids Cardinal Lorraine to hold communication with Granvelle and Chantonnay, ii. 181; she gives assurances to Conde just before the outbreak of the second civil war, ii. 198; she favors the colonization of Florida by the Huguenots, ii. 199; her resolute demands for satisfaction for the murder of the colonists, ii. 201, 202; she exonerates the Huguenots from disloyal acts and intentions, ii. 219; her treacherous diplomacy, ii. 220, 221; again invokes Alva's help, ii. 222; Cardinal Santa Croce, the papal nuncio, claims the fulfilment of her promise to surrender Cardinal Chatillon to the Pope, ii. 228, 229; she inclines toward peace, ii. 232; she is never sincere, ii. 237; her short-sightedness, ii. 238; sides with L'Hospital's enemies, ii. 254; her intrigues, ii. 255; entreated by Charles IX. to avoid war, ii. 262; her animosity against L'Hospital, whom she suspects of having prompted her son, ii. 263; she receives congratulations and sanguinary recommendations from Pope Pius V., after the battle of Jarnac, ii. 308; negotiates for peace, ii. 356; her duplicity, ii. 358; inclines to peace, ii. 360; was she sincere in concluding the peace of Saint Germain? ii. 369; her study of the example of Queen Blanche, ii. 370; her character, according to Barbaro, ib.; she is warned by the Queen of Navarre, ii. 373; she proposes to substitute Alencon for Anjou, as suitor for the hand of Queen Elizabeth, ii. 380; her vexation at the fresh scruples of Anjou, ii. 383; she treats the Queen of Navarre with tantalizing insincerity, ii. 404, 405; she awaits Queen Elizabeth's decision, ii. 413; the rout of Genlis determines her to take the Spanish side, ii. 416; she follows Charles IX. to Montpipeau and breaks down her son's resolution, ii. 418, 420; she is terrified by rumors of Elizabeth's desertion of her allies, ii. 419; her jealousy of Coligny's influence, ii. 433; she and Anjou resolve to put him out of the way, ii. 434; declares to the Huguenots that the attack on Coligny must be punished, ii. 440; she visits the wounded admiral, ii. 441; looks with suspicion on the private conference of Charles and Coligny, ii. 443; she cuts it short, and on the way to the Louvre discovers the advice of Coligny, ii. 444; learning that Coligny's wound will not prove fatal, she adopts extreme measures, ii. 446; she plies Charles with arguments to terrify him into authorizing a massacre of the Huguenots, ii. 447, 448; he yields reluctantly, ii. 449; Catharine takes the responsibility upon herself for only six deaths, ii. 450; goes down to the square in front of the Louvre, with her ladies, to view the naked corpses of the Huguenot leaders, ii. 476; persuades Charles to assume the responsibility of the massacre, ii. 491; her unsuccessful attempt to alienate the sympathy of Queen Elizabeth from Coligny, ii. 547; her lying representation of the massacre in the provinces as having been contrary to the king's will, ib., note; not influenced by religious motives, ii. 563; spurious letter of, to Philip Strozzi, ii. 577; her anxiety for the safety of Henry of Anjou, ii. 586; her flight from St. Germain, ii. 626; her delight at the capture of Count Montgomery, ii. 631, 632; she obtains from Charles IX. the regency until the return of Henry of Anjou from Poland, ii. 636.

Caturce, Jean de, executed at Toulouse, i. 150.

Caumont, Viscount of, ii. 230, note.

Cavaignes, his execution, Oct. 27, 1572, for alleged complicity in a Huguenot conspiracy, ii. 548; his magnanimity, ii. 549, note.

Cavalry, French, i. 10.

Caylus, Chevalier de, ii. 604.

Cecil urges Elizabeth to aid the Huguenots, and plans for this effect, ii. 56; on siege of Poitiers, ii. 325. See Burleigh.

Cental, Vaudois villages belonging to the noble house of, i. 230, 246.

Chailly, M. de, ii. 439.

Chalons-sur-Marne, the call for Protestant ministers in the vicinity of, i. 562.

"Chambre ardente," a separate and special chamber of parliament, to try heresy, established first at Rouen, by Francis I., i. 274; afterward at Paris, by Henry II., i. 275; under Francis II., i. 366.

Champeaux, M. de, ii. 509.

Chancellor of France, his oath, i. 18.

Chancellor of the university, i. 22.

"Change of religion involves change of government," accepted as an aphorism, i. 104, 126.

Chantonnay, ambassador of Philip II., alarmed at the violence of the proscriptive plans formed before the death of Francis II., i. 441; his insolent threats, ii. 29; his boast that, with Throkmorton, he could overturn the state, ii. 181.

Chapot, John, a printer from Dauphiny, executed at Paris, i. 256.

Charente, the river, ii. 299.

Charite, La, on the Loire, ii. 324; siege of, 325, 355.

Charles VII. publishes the Pragmatic Sanction, i. 29.

Charles VIII. confirms the privileges of La Rochelle, ii. 271.

Charles Maximilian, second son of Henry II., afterward king as Charles IX., i. 415; his accession, Dec. 5, 1560, i. 449; transfer of power consequent upon, i. 450; financial embarrassment and religious dissension, i. 453; he writes to the magistrates of Geneva to stop the coming of Protestant ministers, i. 463; their prompt and complete vindication, i. 464; he issues a new and tolerant order, i. 476; which is opposed by parliament, i. 477; publishes the "Edict of July," by which all Protestant conventicles are still prohibited, i. 488; his conversation with his mother about superstition and innovation, i. 500, note; orders the restitution of churches, i. 544; hopes entertained by the Protestants respecting him, i. 557; his curiosity as to the mass, i. 558; his health, ib., note; issues an order favorable to the Huguenots, i. 560; publishes the "Edict of January," in accordance with which the Huguenots cease to be outlaws, i. 576, 577; retires from Monceaux to Melun, ii. 30; and thence to Fontainebleau, ii. 31; is hurried back to Paris by Navarre and Guise, ii. 36; his declaration that he is not held in duress, ii. 54; his edict of April 11, 1562, ostensibly re-enacting, but really annulling the edict of January, ii. 57; receives reinforcements from Germany and Switzerland, ii. 70, 71; issues his edict of pacification, Amboise, March 19, 1563, terminating the first civil war, ii. 115; demands of Queen Elizabeth the restoration of Havre, ii. 126; he proclaims his own majority, Rouen, Aug. 17, 1563, ii. 138; he sternly reproves the refractory Parliament of Paris, ii. 139, 140; his "progress" through France, ii. 157, seq.; his interpretative edicts and declarations infringe upon the edict of pacification, ii. 161, 162; to Conde's appeal, ii. 162; he makes a conciliatory reply, ii. 164; he reconciles the inhabitants of Orange and the Comtat Venaissin, ii. 165; he reaches Bayonne, ii. 167 (see Bayonne, Conference of); forbids the formation of confraternities, ii. 180; his edict obtained by Chancellor L'Hospital, for the relief of the scattered Huguenots, ii. 184, 185; he is reported to have been threatened by Philip II. and the Pope, ii. 195; his flight from Meaux to Paris, at the outbreak of the second civil war, ii. 207; his sanguinary injunctions to Gordes, ii. 209, note; he is alienated from the Huguenots by the attempt of Meaux, ii. 210; is moved by Spain, Rome, and the Sorbonne, to decline further negotiations with Conde, ii. 228; he issues the edict of pacification, Longjumeau, March 23, 1568, terminating the second civil war, ii. 234; his indignation at a treacherous plan formed to violate the peace, ii. 237; his proclamation that he had not, in the edict of Longjumeau, intended to include Auvergne, etc., ii. 244; entreats his mother to avoid war, ii. 262; his edicts of Sept., 1568, proscribing the reformed religion, ii. 275, 276; impolicy of this action, ii. 277; attempt to make capital out of them, ib.; receives congratulations and sanguinary injunctions from Pope Pius V., after the battle of Jarnac, ii. 308; treats the Duke of Deux-Ponts' declaration with contempt, ii. 316; rewards Maurevel for the murder of De Mouy with the collar of the order, ii. 338; his letter, ib.; offers the Huguenots impossible terms, ii. 357, 358; becomes strongly inclined to peace, ii. 360; he issues the edict of pacification, Saint Germain, Aug. 2, 1570, terminating the third civil war, ii. 363, seq.; his earnestness as to the peace, ii. 370; he tears out the record of proceedings against Cardinal Chatillon from the parliamentary registers, ii. 371; his assurances to Walsingham, ib.; his gracious answer to the German princes, ii. 372; he orders the "Croix de Gastines" to be taken down, ii. 375, 376; indignant at the attempts to dissuade Anjou from marrying Queen Elizabeth, ii. 379; and at the affront received from Sebastian of Portugal, ib.; his gracious reception of Coligny at Blois, ii. 389; he intercedes with the Duke of Savoy in behalf of the Waldenses of Piedmont, ii. 390; he denies that he has seen Louis of Nassau at all, ii. 391; expresses gratification at the progress of conciliation in his dominions, ii. 392; enters into a treaty of amity with Queen Elizabeth, April 18, 1572, ii. 398; his assurances to the Cardinal of Alessandria, ii. 400-403; he expresses to Teligny his disgust with his present counsellors, ii. 409; his earnestness respecting the Navarre marriage, ii. 411; publishes anew the edict of pacification, ib.; the Flemish project inflames his imagination, ii. 411, 412; the more after the capture of Valenciennes and Mons, ii. 412; his mother, following him to Montpipeau, by her tears succeeds in breaking down his resolution, ii. 418-420; he is thoroughly cast down, ii. 420; Coligny partially succeeds in reassuring him, ii. 421; his anger at hearing that Alva had put some French soldiers to the torture, ii. 433; his menacing deportment toward Anjou, ii. 434; he gives Coligny assurances that he will soon attend to Protestant grievances, ii. 437; his agitation on learning of Coligny's wound, ii. 439; his promise of punishment, ii. 440; he visits Admiral Coligny, ii. 441; his private conference, ii. 443; he reveals its character to the queen mother, ii. 444; he writes to his governors and ambassadors expressing his extreme displeasure at the infraction of his edict, ii. 445; he is plied with arguments to frighten him into authorizing the massacre of the Huguenots, ii. 447, 448; he reluctantly consents, ii. 449; but stipulates that not one Huguenot shall be spared to reproach him, ib.; sends Cosseins to guard Coligny, ii. 452; issues orders to the prevot des marchands to seize the keys of the gates, and the boats upon the Seine, ii. 454; he commands Navarre and Conde to abjure Protestantism, ii. 468; fires an arquebuse at the fleeing Huguenots, ii. 482; he is waited upon by the municipal officers, ii. 486; his first letter to Mandelot throwing the blame for the massacre upon the Guises, ii. 490; assumes the responsibility for the massacre, ii. 492; his speech at the "lit de justice," ib.; his words at Montfaucon, ii. 497; he declares that he will maintain the edict of pacification, ii. 498; change in his character after the massacre, ii. 499; his letter of Aug. 26, 1572, to Mondoucet, predicting the massacre in the provinces, ii. 502; the verbal orders, ib.; his declaration of Aug. 28, ib.; his letter to Mandelot of Aug. 28, ii. 502, 503; the double set of letters, ii. 504; instigates the murder of French prisoners by the Duke of Alva, ii. 539; his letters to La Mothe Fenelon, ii. 542, 543; he profanes the day of his daughter's birth by witnessing the execution of Briquemault and Cavaignes, ii. 549; plots the destruction of Geneva, ii. 557; his guilt in the eyes of the world, ii. 559; disastrous effects of the massacre on the king himself, ii. 560, 561; sends La Noue to treat with the Rochellois, ii. 579; his joy at the election of Anjou as King of Poland, ii. 593; issues his edict of pacification, Boulogne, July, 1573, terminating the fourth civil war, ii. 593, 594; takes part in the disgraceful "affair of Nantouillet," ii. 598, 599; decline of his health, ii. 605; his illness at Vitry le-Francais, ii. 606; his last days, ii. 638; distress of his young queen, ii. 636; representations of Sorbin his confessor, ii. 637; his death, May 30, 1574, ii. 637, 638; his funeral rites, ii. 638, 639.

Charles, Duke of Orleans, youngest son of Francis I, represents himself to the German princes as favoring the Reformation, i. 227, 228; his death, i. 259.

Charlesfort, ii. 199.

Charpentier, Jacques, instigates the murder of his rival professor, Pierre de la Ramee, or Ramus, ii. 478.

Charpentier, Pierre, a Protestant jurist, who escapes from the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, bribed by the king to write a justification of the massacre for circulation abroad, ii. 553, 593.

Chartres, besieged by the Huguenots under the Prince of Conde, ii. 231.

Chartres, Francois de Vendome, Vidame of, thrown into the Bastile, i. 425.

Chartres, Jean de Ferrieres, Vidame of, ii. 220, 377; advises the Huguenots to leave Paris, ii. 445, 451, 453; escapes from the massacre, ii. 481-483.

Chartreuse, La Grande, ii. 621.

Chassanee, Barth. de, on church of the Virgin "pariturae," i. 59; he declares "Lutheranism" in France suppressed, i. 137; his defence of the "mice of Autun," i. 238; his clemency to the Waldenses, ib.; his definition of "haute justice," ii. 364, note.

Chassetiere, La, ii. 359.

Chastelier-Pourtaut de Latour, ii. 218, 292; treacherously murdered at Jarnac, 304.

Chastre, M. de la, Governor of Berry, his noble letter to the king refusing to put to death some captured Huguenots, ii. 344, 345, note; ii. 597, note; lays siege to Sancerre, ii. 590; his character, ii. 597, note.

Chataigneraie, Madame de la, ii. 472, 474, note.

Chateaubriand, edict of, June 27, 1551, i. 279; its effects, i. 282.

Chatellain, Jean, of Metz, i. 114; his trial and execution, i. 115, 116.

Chatellerault taken by the Huguenots, ii. 323.

Chatillon, Odet de, Cardinal, elder brother of Admiral Coligny, appointed by Paul IV. one of the three inquisitors-general, i. 299; his Protestant proclivities, ib.; riot at Beauvais in consequence of the suspicion that he is a Protestant, i. 474, seq.; his communion under both forms, i. 499; he is cited by the Pope, ii. 141; the papal nuncio demands that the red cap be taken from him, ii. 182; the constable assumes his defence, ii. 182, 183; treats with Catharine, ii. 221; Cardinal Santa Croce, the papal nuncio, claims the fulfilment of Catharine de' Medici's promise to surrender him to the Pope, ii. 229; his escort of twenty horse, ib., note; his reception by Queen Elizabeth, ii. 291; his anxiety respecting the peace, ii. 363; Charles IX tears out the record against him from the parliamentary registers, ii. 371, 377; death of, ii. 389.

Chatillon-sur-Loire, ii. 328.

Chavagnac, ii. 603.

Christaudins, a nickname for the French Protestants i. 330.

Christopher, Duke, younger son of the elector palatine, ii. 609, 610.

Churches, order for the restitution of the, i. 544; the surrender of, urged by Beza, ii. 4.

Cipierre (Rene of Savoy, son of the Count of Tende), ii. 225; murder of, ii. 248, 249.

Cities, privileges of, i. 9.

Clemangis, Nicholas de, i. 23, 63.

Clemency, spurious account of, ii. 525.

Clement VII., Pope, his brief and bull indorsing the Inquisitorial Commission, i. 126, seq.; gives lands of heretics to first comer, i. 128; meets Francis I. at Marseilles, i 148; proposes to him a crusade, i. 149.

Clergy, wealth and power of, i. 51; plurality of benefices, ib.; non-residence, i. 52; revenues, ib.; morals of, i. 53; have no regard for the spiritual wants of the people, i. 53; before the concordat, i. 54, 55; aversion to use of the French language, i. 56; ignorance of the Bible, i. 57; sad straits of, i. 459; alone, make no progress, i. 460.

Clerici, Nicholas, Dean of the Sorbonne, i. 256.

Clermont, murder at, ii. 249.

Clery, violence of the iconoclasts at, ii. 44.

Cleves, Marie of, daughter of the Duke of Nevers, marries Henry of Conde, ii. 432, note; permits the Protestants of Troyes to worship at Isle-au-Mont, ib.

Coconnas, a leading actor in the Massacre of St Bartholomew's Day, his fate, ii. 562; he is executed on the Place de Greve, ii. 628, 629.

Cocqueville, expedition of, into Flanders, and its fate, ii. 242, 243.

Coct, Anemond de, i. 83.

Cognac, ii. 283, 299, 300.

Cognat, or Cognac, village in Auvergne, near which the "Viscounts" defeat the forces collected to oppose them, ii. 230.

Coin, a strange, i. 59.

Coligny, Gaspard de, Admiral of France, sends a Protestant colony to Brazil, i. 291; when converted to Protestantism, i. 292; opposes the breaking of the truce of Vaucelles i. 297; is consulted by Catharine de' Medici at the time of the Tumult of Amboise, and gives her sound advice, i. 383, 384; presents two Huguenot petitions at Fontainebleau, i. 416, 417; his speech, i. 421; Quintin forced to apologize to, i. 460; he presents a Huguenot petition to the States General of Orleans, i. 461; declares that the "Edict of July" can never be executed, i. 484; his reluctance to take up arms, ii. 34; his wife's remonstrance, ii. 35; his aversion to calling in foreign assistance, ii. 57; his remarks on the discipline of the Huguenot army, ii. 67; on the practicability of capturing Paris, ii. 88; his success with the Huguenot right at Dreux, ii. 93, 94; draws off the army after the defeat, to Orleans, ii. 95; takes a number of places in Sologne, ii. 98; returns to Normandy, ib.; his successes, ii. 99; he is accused by Poltrot of having instigated the murder of Guise, ii. 105; he vindicates his innocence, ii. 107; his manly frankness, ib.; his innocence established, ii. 108; his defence espoused by Conde and the Montmorencies, ii. 135; the petition of the Guises aimed at him, ii. 136; the settlement of the feud delayed, ii. 137; he comes to Paris, on Marshal Montmorency's invitation, ii. 167; is likened by parliament to Pompey the Great, ib.; is reconciled to the Guises at Moulins, ii. 184; attempt to assassinate, ii. 194; remonstrates with Catharine de' Medici, before the outbreak of the second civil war, ii. 197; projects the Huguenot colonization of Florida, ii. 199; opposes taking up arms at the outbreak of the second civil war, ii. 203; at the battle of St. Denis, ii. 214; opposes the peace of Longjumeau, ii. 235; death of his wife, Charlotte de Laval, ii. 251; he retires to Tanlay, ii. 252; he is possibly the author of the spirited remonstrance attributed to D'Andelot, ii. 252, 253; attempt of court to ruin, ii. 256; plot to seize, ii. 265; his flight to La Rochelle, ii. 268; his exclamation at the great success of the Huguenots at the beginning of the third civil war, ii. 283; his relations with the Prince of Conde, ii. 304; after the death of Conde at Jarnac, draws off the cavalry to Saintes, ii. 306; his new responsibility, ii. 314; his greatness, ii. 315; success of a part of his army at La Roche Abeille, ii. 319; his castle plundered, ii. 321; wishes to lay siege to Saumur, ii. 324; reluctantly consents to lay siege to Poitiers, ib.; declared infamous by parliament, and a price set on his head, ii. 330, 331; his remarks upon the injuries done to him, ii. 331, note; his army weakened, ii. 332; starts to meet Montgomery, ib.; wounded and defeated at Moncontour, ii. 332-336; encouraged by L'Estrange, ii. 347; his bold plan of march, ii. 348; he sweeps through Guyenne, ii. 349; his wonderful success, ii. 352; turns toward Paris, ii. 353; his illness interrupts negotiations, ib.; he engages Marshal Cosse at Arnay-le-Duc, ii. 354; approaches Paris, ii. 355, 356; he is consulted respecting the Flemish project, ii. 386; he marries his second wife, Jacqueline d'Entremont, ib.; marriage of his daughter Louise de Chatillon to Teligny, ii. 387; he accepts an invitation to come to court at Blois, ib.; his honorable reception, ii. 389; he receives a present of one hundred thousand livres from the king, ib.; revisits Chatillon-sur-Loing, ii. 408; accepts the king's invitation to Paris, ii. 409; he is remonstrated with as to his imprudence, but replies magnanimously, ii. 409, 410; he retains his courage after the rout of Genlis, ii. 417; the memorial on the advantages of a Flemish war, ib.; his magnanimity under discouragement, ii. 420; he is partially successful in reassuring the king, ii. 421; at the marriage of Henry of Navarre, ii. 428; his last letter to his wife, ii. 430; Catharine and Anjou resolve to despatch him, ii. 434; they call in the Duchess of Nemours and Henry of Guise, ib.; Coligny receives assurances from the king that he will soon pay attention to the Huguenot complaints, ii. 447; he is wounded by Maurevel, Aug. 22, 1572, ii. 438; his intrepidity, ii. 440; he is visited by Charles and Catharine, ii. 441-444; he dictates letters to his friends, requesting them to remain quiet, ii. 453; his house is entered by Cosseins and his band, ii. 457; he is stabbed by Besme and despatched by others, ii. 458; his body is thrown into the court, where Henry of Guise recognizes and kicks it, ii. 459; his body is ignominiously treated, ib.; the head is sent on to Rome, ii. 460; his character and work, ib.; his reluctance to resort to arms, ii. 461; destruction of his papers, ib., note; his will, ii. 462, note; his ability as a general, ib.; a remark ascribed to him by Lord Macaulay, ii. 463, note; his daily life, ii. 463; a patron of learning, ii. 464; his integrity, ii. 465; the attempt of Catharine to inculpate him, ii. 495; his memory declared infamous, his castle razed, etc., ii. 496; indignities to his remains, 496, 497; his burial-place, ii. 497, note; Walsingham defends his memory, ii. 547.