KEY WEST.—Key West News; J. Willis Menard, Editor; weekly; five columns; price, $1.50 per annum.

GEORGIA.

ATLANTA.—Weekly Defiance; W. H. Burnett, Editor.

AUGUSTA.—The People's Defense; Smith, Nelson, & Co., Proprietors.

AUGUSTA.—Georgia Baptist; Wm. J. White, Editor; $2.00 per year; office, No. 633 Ellis Street.

SAVANNAH.—Savannah Echo; Hardin Bros. & Griffin, Proprietors; $2.00; Saturdays.

ILLINOIS.

CHICAGO.—The Conservator; Barnett, Clark, & Co., Editors and Proprietors; $2.00 per year; Saturdays; 194 Clark Street.

CAIRO.—The Three States; M. Gladding, Publisher; Saturdays; $1.50 per year; 190 Commercial Avenue.

CAIRO.—The Cairo Gazette; J. J. Bird, Editor; Wednesdays and Saturdays; $2.50 per year.

KANSAS.

TOPEKA.—Topeka Tribune; E. H. White.

KENTUCKY.

LOUISVILLE.—The Bulletin; Adams Brothers; $2.00 per year; Saturdays; 562 West Jefferson Street.

LOUISVILLE.—The American Baptist; Wm. H. Stewart.

LOUISVILLE.—Ohio Falls Express; Dr. H. Fitzbutler, Editor; $1.50 per year; Saturdays.

BOWLING GREEN.—Bowling Green Watchman; C. C. Strumm, Editor; C. R. McDowell, Manager; Saturdays; $1.50 per year.

LOUISIANA.

NEW ORLEANS.—Observer; Saturdays; republican; four pages; size, 22 x 32; subscription, $2.00; established, 1878; G. T. Ruby, Editor and Publisher.

MASSACHUSETTS.

BOSTON.—The Boston Leader; Howard L. Smith, Editor; $1.50 per year; office, No. 8 Boylston Street. Room 9.

MISSISSIPPI.

VERONA.—The Banner of Liberty; J. B, Wilkins, Editor; $1.50 per year.

GREENVILLE.—The Baptist Signal; Rev. G. W. Gayles, Editor; $1.00 per year.

JACKSON.—People's Adviser.

JACKSON.—Mississippi Republican; Preston Hay, Editor; $1.00; Saturdays.

MAYERSVILLE.—Mayersville Spectator; W. E. Mollison, Editor; D. T. Williamson, Publisher; $1.50 per year; Saturdays.

MISSOURI.

ST. LOUIS.—Tribune; Sundays; republican; eight pages; size, 26 x 40; subscription, $2.00; established, 1876; J. W. Wilson, Editor and Publisher; circulation, I.

KANSAS CITY.—The Kansas City Enterprise; D. V. A. Nero; published every Wednesday and Saturday; $2.00 per year; office, No. 537 Main Street, Room No. 2.

NEW JERSEY.

TRENTON.—The Sentinel; R. Henri Herbert, Editor; Saturdays; $1.25 per year; No. 4 North Green Street.

NEW YORK.

NEW YORK CITY.—Progressive American; Thursdays; four pages; size, 22 x 31; subscription, $2.00; established, 1871; John J. Freeman, Editor; George A. Washington, Publisher; circulation, J.; office, 125 W. 25th Street.

NEW YORK CITY.—New York Globe; Geo. Parker & Co.; T. Thos. Fortune, Editor; office, No. 4 Cedar Street, Room 15.

BROOKLYN.—The National Monitor; R. Rufus L. Perry, D.D.

NORTH CAROLINA.

GOLDSBOROUGH.—The Carolina Enterprise; E. E. Smith, Editor; $1.00 per year; Saturday.

CHARLOTTE.—Charlotte Messenger; W. H. Smith, Editor; $1.50 per year.

WILSON.—The Wilson News; Ward, Moore, & Hill, Editors; $1.50 a year.

RALEIGH.—Raleigh Banner; J. H. Williams.

WILMINGTON.—Africo-American Presbyterian; D. J. Sanders.

OHIO.

CINCINNATI.—The Afro-American; Clark, Johnson, and Jackson, Editors and Proprietors; $1.50 per year; Saturdays; office, 172 Central Avenue.

CINCINNATI.—The Weekly Review; Review Publishing Co.; Chas. W. Bell, Editor; $1.50 per year.

PENNSYLVANIA.

PHILADELPHIA.—Christian Recorder; Thursdays; Methodist; four pages; size, 28 x 42; subscription, $2.00; established, 1862; Rev. Benj. T. Tanner, D.D., Editor; Rev. Theo. Gould, Publisher; circulation, G; office, 631 Pine Street.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

CHARLESTON.—The New Era; Wm. Holloway, Business Manager; $1.50 per year; Saturdays; democratic; 196 Meeting Street.

CHARLESTON.—The Palmetto Press; Robert L. Smith, Editor; $1.50 per year; Saturdays.

TENNESSEE.

NASHVILLE.—Knights of Wise Men; J. L. Brown, Editor; office. No. 5 Cherry Street.

CHATTANOOGA.—The Enterprise; Rev. D. W. Hays.

TEXAS.

AUSTIN.—The Austin Citizen; J. J. Hamilton & Co.

DALLAS.—The Baptist Journal; S. H. Smothers, Editor; A. R. Greggs, Publisher.

DALLAS.—Christian Preacher; C. M. Wilmeth.

MARSHALL.—The Christian Advocate; M. F. Jamison.

GALVESTON.—Spectator; Richard Nelson, Editor; $1.50 per year.

PALESTINE.—Colored American Journal; monthly; C. W. Porter, Editor.

VIRGINIA.

RICHMOND.—Virginia Star; Saturdays; four pages; size, 20 x 26; subscription, $2.00; established, 1876; R. M. Green, M.D., O. M. Stewart, and P. H. Woolfolk, Editors and Publishers; circulation, K.

RICHMOND.—Industrial Herald; John Oliver, Editor; $1.00 per year.

PETERSBURGH.—The Lancet; Geo. F. Bragg, Jr., Manager; $1.50 per year; Saturdays.

WEST VIRGINIA.

WHEELING.—The Weekly Times; Welcome, Buckner, & Co., Publishers; Geo. W. Welcome, Editor; 8 pages; $1.00 per annum.

* * * * *

NEGROES IN NORTHERN COLLEGES.

In response to a circular sent out, seventy Northern Colleges sent information; and in them are at present one hundred and sixty-nine Colored students. The exact number of graduates cannot be ascertained, as these colleges do not keep a record of the nationality of their students.

FOOTNOTES:

[145] Correspondence of American Revolution, vol. iii. p. 547.

CHAPTER XXIII.

HENRY HIGHLAND GARNET, D.D.

The career of this man, who died at Monrovia, Liberia, Feb. 14, 1882, where he was the Minister of the United States, was extraordinary. Grandson of a native African, brought over in a slave-trader, himself born a slave, he was brought to Pennsylvania by his father, when he fled from slavery in 1824. Next we find him, at the age of seventeen, ridiculed for studying Greek and Latin; then mobbed in a New Hampshire seminary; then dragged from a street car in Utica; then studying theology with Dr. Beman in Troy, N. Y. Soon he was settled as a minister; afterward he travelled in Great Britain and on the Continent of Europe, and was sent by a Scottish Society as Presbyterian missionary to Jamaica, West Indies. He returned to New York, and was long the pastor of the Shiloh Presbyterian Church; his house escaping the riots in 1863 "by the foresight of his daughter, who wrenched off the door plate." He was the first Colored man who ever spoke in public in the Capitol at Washington, having preached there Sunday, Feb. 12, 1865. In 1881 he was appointed Minister to Liberia. Dr. Garnet was equal in ability to Frederick Douglass, and greatly his superior in learning, especially excelling in logic and terse statement. We heard him make a speech in 1865, which in force of reasoning, purity of language, and propriety of utterance, was not unworthy of comparison with a sermon of Bishop Thomson, or an address of George William Curtis. As he was "a full-blooded Negro," he was a standing and unanswerable proof that the race is capable of all that has distinguished MAN. How much of history and progress could be crowded in a memorial inscription for him! It might be something like this: Born a slave in the country to which his grandfather was stolen away, he competed, under the greatest disadvantages, with white men for the prizes of life; attaining the highest intellectual culture, and a corresponding moral elevation, his career commanded universal respect in Europe and America, wherever he was known. He died the Minister of the United States to a civilized nation in the land whence his barbaric ancestors were stolen. To God, who "hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation" (Acts xvii: 26), be the glory. "How unsearchable are His judgments, and His ways past finding out!"

* * * * *

EBENEZER D. BASSETT.

One of the ablest diplomats the Negro race has produced is the Honorable Ebenezer D. Bassett, for nearly nine years the Resident Minister and Consul-General from the United States to Hayti. He was born and educated in the State of Connecticut, and for many years was the successful Principal of the Institute for Colored Youth at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As a classical scholar and for proficiency in the use of modern languages he has few equals among his race.

Returning to this country, after years of honorable service abroad, he was promoted by the Haytian Government to the position of Consul at New York City, and at present is serving the Republic of Hayti. As an evidence of the high esteem in which he was held as an officer the following documents attest:

(COPY.)

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, } WASHINGTON, October 5, 1877. }

EBENEZER D. BASSETT, Esquire, etc., etc., etc.

SIR: I have to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 529, of the 23d August last, tendering your resignation of the office of Minister Resident and Consul-General of the United States to Hayti, and to inform you that it is accepted.

I cannot allow this opportunity to pass without expressing to you the appreciation of the Department of the very satisfactory manner in which you have discharged the duties of the mission at Port au Prince during your term of office. This commendation of your services is the more especially merited, because at various times your duties have been of such a delicate nature as to have required the exercise of much tact and discretion.

I enclose herewith a letter addressed by the President of the United States to the President of Hayti, announcing your retirement from the mission at Port au Prince, together with an office copy of the same. You will transmit the latter to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and make arrangements for the delivery of the original to the President when your successor shall present his credentials.

I am, sir, your obedient servant, (Signed.) F. W. SEWARD, Acting Secretary.

(TRANSLATION.)

BOISROND CANAL, President of the Republic of Hayti, To His Excellency the President of the United States of America.

GREAT AND GOOD FRIEND: Mr. Ebenezer D. Bassett, who has resided here in the capacity of Minister of the United States, has placed in my hands the letter by which your Excellency has brought his mission to an end.

In taking leave of me in conformity with the wishes of your Excellency, he has renewed the assurance of the friendly sentiments which so happily exist on the part of the Government and the people of the United States toward the Government and the people of the Republic of Hayti.

I have not failed to request him to transmit to your Excellency, the expression of my great desire to maintain always the relations of the two Countries upon the footing of that cordial understanding.

It is for me a pleasing duty to acknowledge fully to your Excellency, the zeal and the intelligence with which Mr. Bassett has fulfilled here the high and delicate functions that had been entrusted to him.

I have, therefore, been happy to be able to testify to him publicly before his departure, in the name of my fellow-citizens, the esteem and sincere affection which his talents, his character, his private and public conduct have won for him, as well as the particular sentiments of friendship and gratitude I personally entertain for him.

I pray God that He may have your Excellency always in His Holy keeping.

Given at the National Palace of Port au Prince, the 29th day of November, 1877.

Your Good Friend, (Signed) BOISROND CANAL.

Countersigned. (Signed.) F. CARRIE, Secretary of State.

* * * * *

COLORED SENATORS AND CONGRESSMEN.

UNITED STATES SENATORS.

HIRAM R. REVELS, United States Senator from Mississippi, was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, September 1, 1822; desiring to obtain an education, which was denied in his native State to those of African descent, he removed to Indiana; spent some time at the Quaker Seminary in Union County; entered the Methodist ministry; afterward received further instructions at the Clarke County Seminary, when he became preacher, teacher, and lecturer among his people in the States of Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, and Missouri; at the breaking out of the war, he was ministering at Baltimore; he assisted in the organization of the first two Colored regiments in Maryland and Missouri; during a portion of 1863 and 1864 he taught school in St. Louis, then went to Vicksburg, and assisted the provost marshal in managing the freedmen affairs; followed on the heels of the army to Jackson; organized churches, and lectured; spent the next two years in Kansas and Missouri in preaching and lecturing on moral and religious subjects; returned to Mississippi, and settled at Natchez; was chosen presiding elder of the Methodist Church, and a member of the city council; was elected a United States Senator from Mississippi as a Republican, serving from February 25, 1870, to March 3, 1871; was pastor of a Methodist Episcopal church at Holly Springs, Mississippi; removed to Indiana, where he was pastor of the African Methodist Episcopal Church at Richmond.

BLANCHE K. BRUCE, United States Senator from Mississippi, was born in Prince Edward County, Virginia, March 1, 1841; as his parents were slaves, he received a limited education; became a planter in Mississippi in 1869; was a member of the Mississippi Levee Board, and sheriff and tax-collector of Bolivar County from 1872 until his election to the United States Senate from Mississippi, February 3, 1875, as a Republican, to succeed Henry R. Pease, Republican, and took his seat March 4, 1875. His term of service expired March 3, 1881.

UNITED STATES CONGRESSMEN.

RICHARD H. CAIN was born in Greenbrier County, Virginia, April 12, 1825. His father removed to Ohio in 1831, and settled in Gallipolis. He had no education, except such as was afforded in Sabbath-school, until after his marriage; entered the ministry at an early age; became a student at Wilberforce University at Xenia, Ohio, in 1860, and remained there for one year; removed, at the breaking out of the war, to Brooklyn, New York, where he was a pastor for four years; was sent by his Church as a missionary to the freedmen in South Carolina; was chosen a member of the Constitutional Convention of South Carolina; was elected a member of the State Senate from Charleston, and served two years; took charge of a republican newspaper in 1868; was elected a representative from South Carolina in the Forty-third Congress as a Republican, receiving 66,825 votes against 26,394 for Lewis E. Johnson, and was again elected to the Forty-fifth Congress as a Republican, receiving 21,385 votes against 16,074 votes for M. P. O'Connor, Democrat.

* * * * *

ROBERT C. DE LARGE was born at Aiken, South Carolina, March 15, 1842; received such an education as was then attainable; was a farmer; was an agent of the Freedmen's Bureau from May, 1867, to April, 1868, when he was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention; was a member of the House of Representatives of the State Legislature in 1868, 1869, and 1870; was one of the State Commissioners of the Sinking Fund; was elected in 1870 State Land Commissioner, and served until he was elected a representative from South Carolina in the Forty-second Congress as a Republican, receiving 16,686 votes, against 15,700 votes for C. C. Bowen, Independent Republican; was appointed a trial justice, which office he held when he died at Charlestown, South Carolina, February 15, 1874.

* * * * *

ROBERT BROWN ELLIOTT was born at Boston, Massachusetts, August 11, 1842; received his primary education at private schools; in 1853 entered High Holborn Academy in London, England; in 1855 entered Eton College, England, and graduated in 1859; studied law, and practises his profession; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of South Carolina in 1868; was a member of the House of Representatives of South Carolina from July 6, 1868, to October 23, 1870; was appointed on the 25th of March, 1869, assistant adjutant-general, which position he held until he was elected a representative from South Carolina in the Forty-second Congress as a Republican, receiving 20,564 votes against 13,997 votes for J. E. Bacon, Democrat, serving from March 4, 1871, to 1873, when he resigned; and was re-elected to the Forty-third Congress as a Republican, receiving 21,627 votes against 1,094 votes for W. H. McCan, Democrat, serving from December 1, 1873, to May, 1874, when he resigned, having been elected sheriff.

* * * * *

JERE HARALSON was born in Muscogee County, Georgia, April 1, 1846, the slave property of John Walker; after Walker's death, was sold on the auction-block in the city of Columbus, and bought by J. W. Thompson, after whose death he became the property of J. Haralson, of Selma, and so remained until emancipated in 1865; received no education until after he was free, when he instructed himself; was elected to the State House of Representatives of Alabama in 1870; was elected to the State Senate of Alabama in 1872; was elected a representative from Alabama in the Forty-fourth Congress as a Republican, receiving 19,551 votes against 16,953 votes for F. G. Bromberg, Democrat, serving from December 6, 1875, to March 3, 1877; was defeated by the Republican candidate for the Forty-fifth Congress, receiving 8,675 votes against 9,685 votes for Charles L. Shelley, Democrat, and 7,236 votes for James T. Rapier, Republican.

* * * * *

JOHN R. LYNCH was born in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, September 10, 1847, a slave; and he remained in slavery until emancipated by the results of the Rebellion, receiving no early education; a purchaser of his mother carried her with her children to Natchez, where, when the Union troops took possession, he attended evening school for a few months, and he has since by private study acquired a good English education; he engaged in the business of photography at Natchez until 1869, when Governor Ames appointed him a justice of the peace; he was elected a member of the State Legislature from Adams County, and re-elected in 1871, serving the last term as Speaker of the House; was elected a representative from Mississippi in the Forty-third Congress as a Republican, receiving 15,391 votes against 8,430 votes for H. Cassidy, Sr., Democrat; and was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Republican (defeating Roderick Seals, Democrat), serving from December 1, 1873, to March 3, 1877.

* * * * *

CHARLES E. NASH was born at Opelousas, Louisiana; received a common-school education at New Orleans; was a bricklayer by trade; enlisted as private in the Eighty-third Regiment, United States Chasseurs d'Afrique, April 20, 1863, and was promoted until he became acting sergeant-major of the regiment; lost a leg at the storming of Fort Blakely, and was honorably discharged from the army May 30, 1865; was elected a representative from Louisiana in the Forty-fourth Congress as a Republican, receiving 13,156 votes against 12,085 votes for Joseph M. Moore, Democrat, serving from December 6, 1875, to March 3, 1877; was defeated as the Republican candidate for the Forty-fifth Congress, receiving 11,147 votes against 15,520 votes for Edward White Robertson, Democrat.

* * * * *

JOSEPH H. RAINEY was born at Georgetown, South Carolina (where both of his parents were slaves, but, by their industry, obtained their freedom), June 21, 1832; although debarred by law from attending school he acquired a good education, and further improved his mind by observation and travel; his father was a barber, and he followed that occupation at Charlestown till 1862, when, having been forced to work on the fortifications of the Confederates, he escaped to the West Indies, where he remained until the close of the war, when he returned to his native town; he was elected a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1868, and was a member of the State Senate of South Carolina in 1870, resigning when elected a representative from South Carolina in the Forty-first Congress as a Republican (to fill the vacancy caused by the non-reception of B. F. Whittemore), by a majority of 17,193 votes over Dudley, Conservative; was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, receiving 20,221 votes against 11,628 votes for C. W. Dudley, Democrat; was re-elected to the Forty-third Congress, receiving 19,765 votes, being all that were cast; was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, receiving 14,370 votes against 13,563 votes for Samuel Lee, Republican; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress, receiving 18,180 votes against 16,661 votes for J. S. Richardson, Democrat, serving from March 4, 1869.

* * * * *

ALONZO J. RANSIER was born at Charlestown, South Carolina, in January, 1834; was self-educated; was employed as shipping-clerk in 1850 by a leading merchant, who was tried for violation of law in "hiring a Colored clerk," and fined one cent with costs; was one of the foremost in the works of reconstruction in 1865; was a member of a convention of the friends of equal rights in October, 1865, at Charlestown, and was deputed to present the memorial there framed to Congress; was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1868; was elected a member of the House of Representatives in the State Legislature in 1869; was chosen chairman of the State Republican Central Committee, which position he held until 1872; was elected a presidential elector on the Grant and Colfax ticket in 1868; was elected lieutenant-governor of South Carolina in 1870 by a large majority; was president of the Southern States Convention at Columbia in 1871; was chosen a delegate to, and was a vice-president of, the Philadelphia Convention which nominated Grant and Wilson in 1872; and was elected a representative from South Carolina in the Forty-third Congress as a Republican, receiving 20,061 votes against 6,549 votes for W. Gurney, Independent Republican, serving from December 1, 1873, to March 3, 1875.

* * * * *

JAMES T. RAPIER was born in Florence, Alabama, in 1840; was educated in Canada; is a planter; was appointed a notary public by the governor of Alabama in 1866; was a member of the first Republican Convention held in Alabama, and was one of the committee that framed the platform of the party; represented Lauderdale County in the Constitutional Convention held at Montgomery in 1867; was nominated for secretary of State in 1870, but defeated with the rest of the ticket; was appointed assessor of internal revenue for the second collection-district of Alabama in 1871; was appointed State commissioner to the Vienna Exposition in. 1873 by the governor of Alabama; was elected a representative from Alabama in the Forty-third Congress as a Republican, receiving 19,100 votes against 16,000 votes for C. W. Oates, Democrat, serving from December 1, 1873, to March 3, 1875; and was defeated as the Republican candidate for the Forty-fourth Congress, receiving 19,124 votes against 20,180 votes for Jeremiah N. Williams, Democrat.

* * * * *

ROBERT SMALLS was born at Beaufort, South Carolina, April 5, 1839; being a slave, was debarred by statute from attending school, but educated himself with such limited advantages as he could secure; removed to Charlestown in 1851; worked as a rigger, and led a seafaring life; became connected in 1861 with "The Planter," a steamer plying in Charlestown harbor as a transport, which he took over Charlestown Bar in May, 1862, and delivered her and his services to the commander of the United States blockading squadron; was appointed pilot in the United States navy, and served in that capacity on the monitor "Keokuk" in the attack on Fort Sumter; served as pilot in the quartermaster's department, and was promoted as captain for gallant and meritorious conduct December 1, 1863, and placed in command of "The Planter," serving until she was put out of commission in 1866; was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1868; was elected a member of the State House of Representatives in 1868, and of the State Senate (to fill a vacancy) in 1870, and re-elected in 1872; and was elected a representative from South Carolina in the Forty-fourth Congress as a Republican, receiving 17,752 votes against 4,461 votes for J. P. M. Epping, Republican; and was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress, receiving 19,954 votes against 18,516 votes for G. D. Tillman, Democrat, serving from December, 6, 1875, to March 3, 1877; and is now a member.

* * * * *

JOSIAH T. WALLS was born at Winchester, Virginia, December 30, 1842; received a common-school education; was a planter; was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1868; was elected a member of the State House of Representatives in 1868; was elected to the State Senate 1869-1872; claimed to have been elected a representative from the State-at-large to the Forty-second Congress as a Republican, but the election was contested by his competitor, Silas L. Niblack, who took the seat January 29, 1873; was re-elected for the State-at-large, receiving 17,503 votes against 15,881 votes for Niblack, Democrat; and was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, receiving 8,549 votes against 8,178 votes for Jesse J. Finley, Democrat.

* * * * *

BENJ. STERLING TURNER was born in Halifax County, North Carolina, March 17, 1825; was raised as a slave, and received no early education, because the laws of that State made it criminal to educate slaves; removed to Alabama in 1830, and, by clandestine study, obtained a fair education; became a dealer in general merchandise; was elected tax-collector of Dallas County in 1867, and councilman of the city of Selma in 1869; was elected a representative from Alabama in the Forty-second Congress as a Republican, receiving 18,226 votes against 13,466 votes for S. J. Cumming, Democrat, serving from March 4, 1871, to March 3, 1873; was defeated as the Republican candidate for the Forty-third Congress, receiving 13,174 votes against 15,607 votes for F. G. Bromberg, Democrat and Liberal and 7,024 votes for P. Joseph, Republican.

* * * * *

JEFFERSON F. LONG, Macon, Georgia. Took his seat Feb. 24, 1871.

* * * * *

BUREAU OFFICER.

Honorable BLANCHE K. BRUCE, Register of the United States Treasury; appointed by President James A. Garfield, 1881.

NEGROES IN THE DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.

Hayti.—E. D. BASSETT, Pennsylvania, 1869-77.

Hayti.—JOHN M. LANGSTON, District of Columbia, Minister Resident and Consul-General to Hayti, 1877.

Liberia.—J. MILTON TURNER, Missouri.

Liberia.—JOHN H. SMYTH, North Carolina. Reappointed in 1882.

Liberia.—HENRY HIGHLAND GARNET, New York, Minister Resident and Consul-General to Liberia.

* * * * *

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS.

The following Colored men were Lieutenant-Governors during the years of reconstruction. At the head of them all for bravery, intelligence, and executive ability stands Governor Pinchback. One of the first men of his race to enter the army in 1862 as captain, when the conflict was over and his race free, he was the first Colored man in Louisiana to enter into the work of reconstruction. He has been and is a power in his State. He is true to his friends, but a terror to his enemies. A sketch of his life would read like a romance.

Louisiana. South Carolina. Mississippi. OSCAR J. DUNN, ALONZO J. RANSIER, ALEX. DAVIS. P. B. S. PINCHBACK, RICHARD H. GLEAVES, C. C. ANTOINE.



INDEX.

Acvis, Capt., his opinion of John Brown, 225.

Adams, C. F., advocates the education of Negroes, 158.

Adams, John, first Colored teacher in the D. C., 183.

Adams, John Quincy, remarks on the death of William Costin, 192.

Adams, Rufus, opposes school for Colored children in Conn., 150.

Aden, D., letter on the bravery of Negro troops, 348.

Africa, imported slaves ordered to be returned to, 12; agents appointed by the United States for that purpose, 13; proposed colony of free Negroes on the coast, 51; a line of war steamers to be established, to suppress the slave-trade, promote commerce, and colonize the coast, 53-55; colonization of, by Negroes, opposed, 70; the "Amistad" captives returned to, 93-96; number of slaves imported from, 544.

African Methodist Episcopal Church, origin, growth, organization, and influence, 135, 452; numerical and financial strength, missionary and educational spirit, 455-458; publishing house, periodicals, and papers, 458, 459; report of Wilberforce University for 1876, 455, 456; list of the faculty, 460; report and general statement, 462-464; list of bishops, 464.

African School Association established, 157.

Aggressive Anti-Slavery Party, the, 50.

Alabama, formation of the territory of, the most cruel of slave States, 3; slave population, 1820, 22; 1830, 1840, 99; 1850, 100; education of Negroes prohibited, 148; recedes from the Union, 232; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; represented in Congress by Negroes, 382; comparative statistics of education, 388; institution for the instruction of Negroes, 392; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Albany Atlas and Argus (The) denounces the Rev. Justin D. Fulton for his views on slavery, 243.

Alexander, Francis A., his testimony in regard to the Fort Pillow massacre, 372.

Allegheny City, Pa., Avery College founded, 177.

Allen, Rev. Richard, founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, 452; mentioned, 458; first bishop of the Church, 459.

Alton, Ill., mob destroy printing-press, 51.

Ambush, James Enoch, founds the Wesleyan Seminary, 194.

American Anti-Slavery Society, organized, 43; influence of, 79, 80.

American Colonization Society, organized, list of officers, 52; commended, 68; protest against the colonization of Negroes in Liberia, 69, 70, 73, 76.

American Missionary Association establish the first school for freedmen, at Fortress Monroe, 393.

"Amistad" captives, natives of Africa, sail from Havana on the Spanish slaver "Amistad," cruelly treated, take possession of the ship, alter her course for Africa, 93; captured by a United States vessel and carried to New London, Conn., their trial and release, tour through the United States, 94; return to Africa, 96.

Anderson, Rev. Duke William, Colored Baptist minister, birth, early life, and education, 476-478; farmer, teacher, preacher, and missionary, 479-492; his influence in the West, 493-496; pastor of the 19th Street Baptist Church at Washington, occupies various positions of trust, 497; builds a new church, 498; death and funeral, 499, 500; resolutions on his death, 500-503.

Anderson, Ransom, testimony in regard to the Fort Pillow massacre, 365.

Andrew, Gov. John A., authorizes the raising of Negro regiments, 289.

Andrew, William, representative of Attleborough, Pa., in the first conference of the African M. E. Church, 452.

Anti-slavery, societies formed, 20; sentiment at the North, 22; agitation, 1825-1850, 31-36; speeches in the Legislature of Virginia, 33-35; methods, 37-60; antiquity of, sentiment, 38; newspapers established, 38, 39, 41; Garrison, leader of the, movement, 39; National Convention, number of societies in the United States, 1836, 44; Sumner's speech before the Whig party, 45; heterodox party, 48; economic party, 49; aggressive party, 50; colonization society, 51; American colonization society, 52; underground railroad organization, 58; literature, 59, 60; efforts of free Negroes, 61-81; New England, Society, dissolution of Negro societies, 79; convention of the women of America, 80; prejudice against admitting Negroes into white societies, 81; friends of, instruct the "Amistad" captives, 94; the cause benefited by their stay in the United States, 96; violent treatment of, orators, 97; opposed, 98; John C. Calhoun opposed to, 104.

Appleton, John W. M., superintends the enlistment of Negro regiment in Mass., 289.

Appomattox, Va., bravery of Negro troops at the battle of, 344.

Arkansas, territory organized, 15; slave population, 1820, 22; 1830, 1840, 99; 1850, 100; opposed to the education of Negroes, 149; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; comparative statistics of education, 388; institutions for the instruction of Negroes, 392; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Asbury, Francis, member of the first American Methodist Conference, 446; and bishop of the Church, 468.

Ashley, James M., opposes the return of fugitive slaves, 246.

Ashum Institute, founded, list of trustees, 178.

Attucks Guards, a Colored militia company, organized, 145.

Auchmuty, Rev. Samuel, teaches Negro slaves in New York, 165.

Auld, Hugh, master of Frederick Douglass, 431, 432.

Austin, James T., signs memorial against the increase of slavery, 16.

Avery, Rev. Charles, founder of the Avery College, 177.

Baily, Frederick, see Douglass, Frederick.

Ball, Flamen, counsel for the Colored people in Cincinnati, 172.

Baltimore, Md., anti-slavery newspaper published, 38; cargo of slaves sent to New Orleans, to be sold, 40; Democratic and Whig conventions held at, 1852, 1853, 106; St. Frances Academy founded, 160; the Wells school established, 161.

Bancroft, George, views on the Declaration of Independence, 32.

Banks, Maj.-Gen. N. P., orders the enlistment of Negro troops, 290; official report on the battle of Port Hudson, 322; commends the Negro troops for their bravery, 323.

Baptist Church, Colored, organized, 135; the members an intelligent and useful people, 475; their leading ministers, 476; sketch of Duke William Anderson, 476-503; Leonard Andrew Grimes, 504-515.

Barclay, David, donates money to the Quakers, 174.

Barclay, Rev. Henry, advocates the education of Negro slaves, 165.

Bartram, Col. Nelson B., description of Colored regiment commanded by, 292.

Bassett, Lieut.-Col. Chauncey J., commands the 1st La. regiment of Colored troops at the battle of Port Hudson, 320.

Bassett, E. D., appointed U. S. minister to Hayti, 423.

Beams, Charlotte, establishes a school for Colored children, 213.

Beaufort, S. C., military savings bank for Negroes established, 403.

Beauregard, Gen. G. T., urges passage of the bill for the execution of prisoners, 270.

Bell, George, former slave, founds a Colored school, 182.

Becraft, Maria, sketch of, 195, 196.

Benezet, Anthony, establishes Colored school in Philadelphia, 1750, 172; his will, donating money for education of the Colored people, 173; death, 174.

Bennington, Vt., anti-slavery newspaper published, 39.

Billing, Mary, establishes school for Colored children, 183.

Birney, Maj.-Gen. David B., bravery of Negro troops under his command, refuses to march his troops in the rear of the whites, 344.

Birney, James G., member of the heterodox and aggressive anti-slavery party, 48, 50; his newspaper destroyed by a mob, 51.

Black Regiment, the, a poem by George H. Boker, 324.

Blake, George, signs memorial against the increase of slavery, 16.

Bleecker, John, mentioned, 166.

Blunt, Maj.-Gen. James G., letter on the bravery of Negro troops, 346.

Boardman, Richard, member of the first American Methodist Conference, 466.

Boker, George H., The Black Regiment, a poem by, 324.

Boiling, P. A., speech against slavery in the Legislature of Virginia, 34.

Boon vs. Juliet, case of, mentioned, 120.

Booth, Maj. L. F., in command of Fort Pillow, his death, 360; Gen. Forrest commends his bravery for the defence of the fort, 368.

Border States, number of troops furnished by, 300.

Boston, Mass., meeting in opposition to the increase of slavery, held in, 1819, 16; William Lloyd Garrison mobbed, 97; first school for Colored children, 1798, Colored schools, Baptist Church, 162; meeting for the relief of Kansas, 216; amount of money and arms supplied, 216, 218.

Boyd, Henry, sketch of, 138, 140.

Boyd, Marshall William, see Taylor, Rev. Marshall M.

Boyle, Brig.-Gen. Jeremiah T., orders the return of fugitive slaves, 245.

Bradford, Major W. F., in command at Fort Pillow, surrenders, 360.

Briscoe, Isabella, establishes school for Colored children, 212.

Brooke, Samuel, member of the heterodox anti-slavery party, 48.

Brown, Daniel, principal of Catholic Colored school, 213.

Brown, John, member of the aggressive anti-slavery party, 50; mentioned, 82; hero and martyr, his birth, personal description of, 214; arrives in Kansas, denounces slavery in a political meeting at Osawatomie, 215; at Boston, 216; urges aid for the fugitive slaves, secures arms for the defence of Kansas, 218; his plan for freeing the slaves, 219; extract of a letter while in prison in regard to the attack on Harper's Ferry, plan for the rescue of, 220; instructions of, before the attack on Harper's Ferry, denies the charges of murder, treason, or rebellion, desires only the freedom of slaves, 222; descendant of a revolutionary officer, 223; in Ohio and Canada, matures his plan's for the attack, purchases farm near Harper's Ferry, amount of arms under his control, attack on Harper's Ferry, 224; defeat, capture, and execution, 225; last letter to Mrs. George Steams, 226; his influence upon the slavery question at the North, place in history, 227; held his first convention, list of the members, 495.

Brown, John M., bishop of the African M. E. Church, 464.

Brown, Robert, establishes school for Colored children, 207.

Bruce, Blanche K., his birth, enslavement, secures his freedom, education, 444; removes to Miss., appointed sergeant-at-arms of the State Senate, sheriff of Bolivar Co., chosen U. S. Senator, 445; candidate for Vice-Presidency, appointed Register of the U. S. Treasury, 446.

Bryan, Joseph, petitions Congress for a line of mail steam-ships to the Western Coast of Africa, 53.

Buchanan, George, oration on the moral and political evil of slavery, 1791, mentioned, 38.

Buchanan, James, in sympathy with the South, refuses military support to Gov. Geary, 110.

Buell, Brig.-Gen. D. C., letter to J. R. Underwood on the return of fugitive slaves to their masters, 248.

Bulkley, I., counsel for the prosecution in the trial of Prudence Crandall, 156.

Bureau of refugees, freedmen, and abandoned lands, established, 398; report, 399.

Burling, Thomas, mentioned, 166.

Burns, Francis, bishop of the M. E. Church, 469.

Burnside, Maj.-Gen., Ambrose E., orders the arrest of two free Negroes, 244; proclamation protecting slave property, 248; services of Negro troops at the siege of Petersburg, commanded by, 341, 342.

Butler, Maj.-Gen., Benjamin F., letter to Gen. Scott, declaring slaves contraband of war, 250; orders the employment of Negroes for fatigue duty, calls for the enlistment of free Negroes, 287; outlawed by Jefferson Davis, 354, 359; establishes military savings-bank for Negroes, 403.

Cain, R. H., bishop of the African M. E. Church, 464.

Calhoun, John C., his followers favor a demolition of the Union, 98; speech in the United States Senate in favor of slavery, 103-105; in favor of State rights, 230.

California, resolution in regard to the admission into the Union, 100, 101.

Callioux, Capt. Andre, bravery at the battle of Port Hudson, 318, 321; his death, 319, 321.

Cameron, Simon, letter to Gen. Butler approving his action of declaring slaves contraband of war, 251; order in regard to enlistment of troops, 278.

Campbell, H. G., commanding naval officer at Charleston, S. C., circular letter to, in regard to the importation of slaves, 10.

Campbell, Jabez P., delivers address on the ratification of the fifteenth amendment, 422; bishop of the African M. E. Church, 459, 464.

Canada, Negroes settle in, 66, 70, 71; Negro colonization of, opposed, 72.

Cannon, Gov. William, requests the enlistment of Negroes in Delaware, 291.

Canterbury, Conn., protest of the citizens against admitting Colored pupils to school, 150, 151; school abolished by act of the Legislature, 152, 153; school-house mobbed, 156.

Carey, Mary Ann Shadd, lecturer, writer, and school-teacher, 419.

Carney, William H., sergeant in the 54th Mass. Regiment Colored Troops, his bravery at the assault on Fort Wagner, plants the colors of the regiment on the fort, 329-331.

Carrollton, La., fugitive slaves offer their services to the army, 285.

Casey, Maj.-Gen. Silas, letter endorsing the free military school for Negroes, 296.

Cass, Lewis, speech in reply to Calhoun, in the United States Senate, on slavery, 105.

Chalmers, Brig.-Gen. James R., his connection with the Fort Pillow massacre, 375.

Champion, James, representative of Phila. in the first conference of the African M. E. Church, 452.

Chapin's Farm, Va., Negro troops engage in the battle of, 335.

Chapman, Maria Weston, her opinion of the American Anti-Slavery Society, 79.

Charleston, S. C., the Negro plot of 1822, 83.

"Charleston Mercury" (The) on the exchange of captured Negro soldiers, 358.

Charlton, Rev. Richard, teaches Negro slaves in New York, 165.

Chase, Salmon P., speech against the repeal of the Missouri compromise, 109.

Chauncey, Isaac, letter to Captain Perry defending the enlistment of Negroes in the U. S. Navy, 29.

Child, Adventur, free Negro, petitions for relief from taxation in Mass., 1780, 126.

"Choctaw," gun-boat, at the battle of Milliken's Bend, 326.

Cincinnati, Ohio, mob destroys newspaper, 51; report on the condition of the Colored people, 1835, 136-138; prominent Colored men of, 138-143; home for Colored orphans established, 144; the Attucks Guards organized, 145; Colored schools established, 170-172.

Cinquez, Joseph, son of an African prince, one of the "Amistad" captives, leads in the capture of the ship, 93; tour through the United States, describes his capture, 94; returns to Africa, 96.

Clarkson, Mathew, mentioned, 166.

Clay, Cascius M., member of the aggressive anti-slavery party, 50; mentioned, 51.

Clay, Henry, mentioned, 20; favors colonization of free Negroes at Liberia, 52; resolutions in Congress for the adjustment of the slavery question, 101.

Cleaveland, C. F., counsel for the prosecution in the trial of Prudence Crandall, 156.

Coggeshall, Pero, free Negro, petitions for relief from taxation in Mass., 1780, 126.

Cogswell, James, mentioned, 166.

Coke, Rev. Thomas, ordained bishop of the Methodist societies in America, 465.

Coker, Daniel, representative of Baltimore in the first conference of the African M. E. Church, 452.

Colgan, Rev. Thomas, teaches Negro slaves in New York, 165.

Colonization Anti-Slavery Society, objects of the, 51.

Colorado, number of Negro troops furnished by, 300.

Columbian Institute, Washington, D. C., 186.

Columbus, Ky., fort at, garrisoned by Negro troops, 345.

Confederate States, organized, 232; list of delegates to the convention, 232, 233; Jefferson Davis chosen President, Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President, Constitution adopted, 233; impress Negroes to build fortifications, 261; effect of President Lincoln's emancipation proclamation, 271; Negroes in the service of the, 277; resolutions of their Congress against the military employment of Negroes by the U. S., 350, 351; white officers commanding Negro troops against the, and Negroes captured in arms against the, to be executed, the first to employ Negro soldiers, 352; refuse to exchange Negro prisoners, 355-357; proclamation of Jefferson Davis outlawing Gen. Butler, 358; reconstruction of the, 377-383; provisional military government established, 379.

Connecticut, slave population, 1800, 2; 1810, 9; 1820, 22; prejudice against Colored schools, 149; school abolished by act of Legislature, 152, 153; school-house mobbed, 157; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Convention of the people of color, 1831, report on the condition of free Negroes in the United States, 62; on the establishment of a college, 63; provisional committee appointed in each city, 64; conventional address, 65-68; second convention, 1832, 68; resolutions on colonization, 70; conventional address, 75-78.

Cook, D. R., organizes company of Negro troops, 277.

Cook, Eliza Anne, establishes school for Colored children, 211.

Cook, Major John B., Negro troops commanded by, capture redoubt at Petersburg, Va., 339.

Cook, Rev. John F., sketch of, 187-191; mentioned, 206, 211, 212.

Coppin, Mrs. Fanny M. See Jackson, Fanny M.

Cornish, Alexander, establishes school for Colored children, 209.

Costin, Louisa Parke, establishes school for Colored children, 192, 193.

Costin, William, his death, 192; sketch of, 193.

Coxe, R. S., emancipates slave, 210.

Crandall, Prudence, establishes a school in Conn., admits Colored pupil, 149; protest of the citizens, 150, 151; receives additional Colored pupils, 152; school abolished by act of the Legislature, 152, 153; her arrest and trial, 153-156; school-house mobbed, 156.

Cuff, Peter, representative of Salem, N. J., in the first conference of the African M. E. Church, 452.

Cuffe, John and Paul, free Negroes, petition for relief from taxation in Mass., 1780, 126, 127.

Cumberland, Department of the, Negro troops recruited for, 294.

Cumings, Mrs. Elizabeth, school of, mentioned, 471.

Dandridge, Ann, family of, 193.

Darnes, Mary A., address to the Attucks Guards of Cincinnati, 145.

Davis, Jefferson, speech in the U. S. Senate, on the right to hold slaves, 102; chosen president of the Confederate States, 233; his message to the Confederate Government, 234; views on President Lincoln's emancipation proclamation, 271, 350; proclamation outlawing Gen. Butler, 359; plantation of, owned by Negroes, 414; succeeded in the U. S. Senate by a Negro, 423.

Davis, John, Negro sailor, his bravery and death, 30.

Deep Bottom, Va., Negro troops engage in the battle of, 335.

De Grasse, John T., first Colored member of the Mass. Medical Society, 133; sketch of, 134.

Delaware, slave population, 1800, 2, 1810, 9; in favor of restriction of slavery, 16; slave population, 1820, 22; Quakers emancipate their slaves, 35; slave population, 1830, 1840, 99, 1850, 100; tax on slaves, added to the school fund for the education of white children, 157; order for the enlistment of Negroes, 291; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; comparative statistics of education, 388; institutions for the instruction of Negroes, 392.

Deloach, C., organizes company of Negro troops, 277.

Democratic Party, convention of, 1853, nominates Franklin Pierce for the Presidency, defines its position on the slavery question, 106.

De Mortie, Louis, her birth, education, public reader, secures funds for the erection of an asylum for Colored orphans, her death, 449.

De Peyster, Maj.-Gen. J. Watts, advocates the employment of Negroes as soldiers, 276.

Dickerson, William F., bishop of the African M. E. Church, 464.

District of Columbia, slave population, 1800, 2, 1810, 9; 1820, 22; petition of Garrison for the abolition of slavery in, 39; slave population, 1830, 1840, 99; 1850, 100; schools for the education of the Negro population, 182-213; Lincoln in favor of the abolishing of slavery in the, 237; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; Negro school population, 1871, 1876, 387; comparative statistics of education, 388; institutions for the instruction of Negroes, 392, 393.

Dix, Maj.-Gen. John A., proclamation protecting slave property, 246.

Dixon, Archibald, introduces bill in Congress for the repeal of the Missouri compromise, 108.

Dodge, Henry, introduces bill in Congress to organize the territory of Nebraska, 107.

Douglass, Frederick, his book "My Bondage, and My Freedom," 59; mentioned, 79, 81; delivers address on the ratification of the fifteenth amendment, 422; birth, enslavement, 424; escapes to the North, marries, life as a freeman, 425; becomes an anti-slavery orator, 426; publishes the experiences of a "fugitive slave," leaves for Great Britain, 427; letter to William Lloyd Garrison, 428; his freedom purchased, copy of freedom papers, 431; his former name when a slave, how he received his present one, 431, 432; returns to America, 432; reasons for leaving the Garrisonian party, establishes the newspaper "North Star," 433; his eloquence, 434, 437; influence and career, 437, 438; death of his wife, 437; mentioned, 471.

Douglass, Margaret, arrested for instructing Negroes, 181.

Douglass, Stephen A., speech in favor of the repeal of the Missouri compromise, 108; questions to Lincoln, on slavery, 237, 238.

Douty, Lieut. Jacob, fires the mine at the siege of Petersburg, Va., 341.

Dow, Jesse E., urges the establishment of a free Colored public school in the D. C., 209.

Dunlap, George W., resolution in Congress, opposing the enlistment of Negroes, 282.

Durham, Rev. Clayton, representative of Phila., in the first conference of the African M. E. Church, 452.

Dutch Gap, Va., excavated by Negroes, 262.

Dwight, Brig.-Gen. William, orders the Negro troops to capture a battery at the battle of Port Hudson, 318.

Early, Peter, introduces bill in Congress for the forfeiture of slaves illegally imported, 8.

Economic Anti-Slavery Party, 49.

Edwards, G. G., describes the bravery of Negro troops, 327.

Edwards, Samuel, his connection with the Negro insurrection in Southampton County, Va., 87.

Elsworth, W. W., counsel for Prudence Crandall, 156.

Embree, Lawrence, mentioned, 166.

Embury, Phillip, one of the founders of M. E. Church in New York, 465.

Emerson, Dr., owner of the Negro slave Dred Scott, 114.

Emerson, R. W., his opinion of John Brown, 217.

Emancipation proclamations, 255, 257, 263-275; the results of, 384-418.

Fair Oaks, Va., Negro troops engage in the battle of, 335.

Faneuil Hall, Boston, meeting for the relief of Kansas, 216.

Farmville, Va., Negro troops engaged in the battle of, 335.

Faulkner, C. J., speech against slavery in the Legislature of Virginia, 35.

Ferrer, Capt. Ramon, commander of the Spanish slaver "Amistad," 93.

Ferrero, Brig.-Gen. Edward, Negro troops under the command of, defeat the Hampton Legion, 349.

Finnegas, Lieut.-Col. Henry, commands the 3d La. Regiment of Colored Troops at the battle of Port Hudson, 320.

Fish, Hamilton, certifies the ratification of the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 421.

Fleet, John H., establishes a school for Colored children, 207, 208.

Florida, slave population, 1830, 1840, 99; 1850, 100; proceeds of the sale of slaves added to the school-fund, 158; secedes from the Union, 232; Gen. Hunter's proclamation emancipating slaves, 257; rescinded, 258; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; represented in Congress by Negroes, 382; comparative statistics of education, 388; institutions for the instruction of Negroes, 392; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Follen, Rev. Mr., speech in support of resolution on anti-slavery, 80.

Ford, Mrs. George, establishes a school for Colored children, 207.

Forrest, Maj.-Gen., N. B., attacks Fort Pillow, demands its surrender, orders the massacre of Negro soldiers, 360, 361; testimony against his inhuman treatment of Negroes, 361-375; commends the bravery of the U. S. soldiers, 368; his conduct endorsed, 375.

Fort Gibson, Ark., bravery of the Negro troops at the battle of, 313.

Fort Mackinac, Mich., Negro sailors at, 28.

Fort Pillow, Tenn., defended by Union troops, refuse to capitulate, 360; massacre of the Negro soldiers, 360, 361; testimony in regard to the massacre, 361-375; Gen. Forrest commends the bravery of the U. S. soldiers, 368.

Fort Wagner, S. C., assault on, Negro regiment leads the charge, 308, 313, 328, 329.

Forte, Sarah, verses on the Negro, 81.

Forten, James, his subscription to the "Liberator," 43.

Fortress Monroe, Va., first school for freedmen established at, 393.

Fortune, Charlotte L., her education, literary abilities, 450.

Foster, Gov. Charles, appoints Negro to office, 447; one of the leaders of the Republican Party in the contest over the electoral count of 1876, 521; his speech on "a solid North against a solid South," 525, 526.

Foster, Col. John A., letter on the bravery of the Negro troops, 348.

Franklin, Jesse, his report against the modification of the ordinance of 1787, in Indian Territory, 7.

Franklin, Nicholas, former slave, establishes a Colored school, 182.

Free Mission Institute, Ill., destroyed by a mob, 159.

Free Soil Party, organized, 46.

Freedman's Savings Bank and Trust Company, incorporated, list of the trustees, 403, 404; act incorporating, amended, 407; organized, 408; reports, 408-410; total amount deposited, failure, commissioners appointed to settle the affairs of the, 411, 412; dividends, 413.

Freedmen's Bureau, established, 379; number of schools in charge of the, 385, 394; amount expended, 386, 394, 395; report, 401, 402, 403.

Friends, see Quakers.

Fry, Brig.-Gen., orders the return of fugitive slaves, 246.

Fugitive-Slave Law, of 1793, condemned, 2; amended, 10; of 1850, 106; recognized in Ohio, 112; passed in Kansas, 215; Lincoln opposed to the repeal of the, 237.

Fulton, Rev. Justin D., preaches the funeral sermon of Col. Elsworth, views on slavery, 242, 243.

Gabriel, General, leader of the Negro plot in Virginia, 1800, 83.

Gaillard, Nicholas, representative of Baltimore, in the first conference of the African M. E. Church, 452.

Gaines, John I., urges the claims of the Colored people to school-fund in Cincinnati, 171.

Galveston, Texas, captured Negro soldiers sold into slavery, 353.

Garnet, Henry Highland, mentioned, 79, 134.

Garnett, James M., reports in favor of the modification of the ordinance of 1787, in Indiana Territory, 5.

Garrison, William Lloyd, leader of the anti-slavery movement, edits newspapers, petitions Congress for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, 39; favors immediate emancipation, imprisoned for libel, 40; released, establishes the "Liberator," 41; extract from his article on the abolition of slavery, 41, 42; organizes the American Anti-Slavery Society, 43; mentioned, 63; opposed to the colonization of Negroes in Liberia, 70, 75; mobbed at Boston, 97; address at the Framingham celebration, 98; mentioned, 425, 426; Frederick Douglass's letter to, 428; his views on slavery, 433.

Garrisanian Party, mentioned, 44; in favor of the dissolution of the Union, 98.

Gedney, Lieut., Thomas R., captures the Spanish slaver "Amistad," 94.

Georgetown, D. C., Colored schools, 206, 207.

Georgia, slave population, 1800, 2; cedes territory for the formation of Alabama and Mississippi, 3; slave population, 1810, 9, 1820, 22, 1830, 1840, 99, 1850, 100; education of Negroes' prohibited, 158, advocated, 159; secedes from the Union, 232; Gen. Hunter's proclamation emancipating slaves, 257, rescinded, 258; expedition of Negro regiment into, 314; represented in Congress by Negroes, 382; number of slaves, 1860, Negro school population, 1876, 387; comparative statistics of education, 388; institutions for the instruction of Negroes, 392; elects Negro representative to Congress, 423.

Gilmore, Rev. Hiram S., founder of the Cincinnati High School, 171.

Goddard, Calvin, counsel for Prudence Crandall, 156.

Gooch, D. W., one of the committee of investigation of the Fort Pillow massacre, 361.

Gordon, Charlotte, establishes a school for Colored children, 213.

"Governor Tompkins," armed schooner, bravery of Negro sailors on board of the, 30.

Grant, Gen. Ulysses S., orders the attack on Petersburg, 336, 337; carries the Southern States in the presidential elections of 1868 and 1872, 382; special message to Congress on ratification of the fifteenth amendment, 420; appoints Negroes in the diplomatic service, 423; not responsible for the decline and loss of the republican State governments at the South, 518.

Grant, Nancy, establishes a school for Colored children, 206.

Gray, Samuel, free Negro, petitions for relief from taxation, in Mass., 1780, 125.

Greeley, Horace, leader of the economic anti-slavery party, 49; letter to President Lincoln on slavery, 253; Lincoln's reply, 254; newspaper editorials on Negro troops, 303-307; opposed to the resolutions of the Confederate Congress in regard to Negro troops, 356.

Green, John P., his struggles to obtain an education, successful orator, lawyer, and statesman, 447, 448.

Greener, Richard Theodore, his early life, 438; education, first Colored graduate of Harvard University, 439; principal of the Institute for Colored Youth, and Sumner High School, accepts the Chair of Metaphysics and Logic in the University of S. C., Dean of the Law Department of Howard University, graduates from the Law School of the University of S. C., literary career, 440; the intellectual position of the Negro, a reply to James Parton's article on the antipathy to the Negro, 441; speech at the dinner of the Harvard Club, 442.

Greenlaw, William B., organizes company of Negro troops, 277.

Grimes, Rev. Leonard Andrew, Colored Baptist minister, sketch of his life, 505-512; death, 513; resolutions on his death, 513-515.

Grow, G. A., Stanton's letters to, 279.

Guinea, memorial against the slave-trade on the coast of, 2.

Gurley, Rev. R. R., favors the colonization of free Negroes at Liberia, 52, 70, 75.

Hall, Anne Maria, establishes school for Colored children, 183.

Hall, Primus, first school for Colored children, held in the house of, 1798, 162.

Hallock, Maj.-Gen., Henry W., forbids fugitive slaves entering the army, 247, 248.

Hamilton, Paul, circular letter to H. G. Campbell, in regard to the importation of slaves, 10.

Hammond, Eliza Ann, arrested for attending school in Conn., 152.

Hampton, Va., school for the education of Negroes, 394; normal and agricultural institute, 395.

Hampton, Fanny, establishes school for Colored children, 207.

Hampton Legion, defeated by Negro troops, 349.

Harden, Henry, representative of Baltimore in the first conference of the African M. E. Church, 452.

Harper, Frances Ellen, essayist and lecturer, 419.

Harper's Ferry, Va., operations of John Brown at, 222, 224.

Harris, Sarah, protests of the citizens of Canterbury, Conn., against her attending school, 150.

Hartford, Conn., establishes a separate school for Colored children, 149.

Harvard University, first Colored graduate, 439.

Hatcher's Run, Va., Negro troops engaged in the battle of, 335.

Havana, Cuba, Spanish slaver "Amistad" sails from, with slaves, 93.

Hayard, Elisha, mentioned, 187; school-house destroyed by a mob, 189.

Hayes, Alexander, establishes school for Colored children, 209; emancipated, his marriage, 210.

Hayes, Rutherford B., failure of his Southern policy, 522-524.

Hayti, opposition to the colonization of, by free Negroes, 70; E. D. Bassett appointed Minister to, 423.

Heck, Barbara, foundress of American Methodism, 465.

Helena, Ark., bravery of Negro troops at battle of, 313.

Helper, Hinton R., influence of his book the "Impending Crisis," 60.

Henderson, Rev. Henry, school of, mentioned, 471.

Henry, Patrick, opposed to slavery, 33.

Heterodox Anti-Slavery Party, the platform of the, 48.

Higginson, Col. Thomas Wentworth, description of regiment of Colored Troops commanded by, 304; expedition into Georgia, 314.

Hildreth, Joseph, teaches Negro slaves in New York, 165.

Hill, Margaret, establishes school for Colored children, 209.

Hill, Stephen, representative of Baltimore in the first conference of the African M. E. Church, 452.

Hinks, Brig.-Gen. Edward W., commands brigade of Negro troops at the battle of Petersburg, Va., 336, 339, 346.

Holt, Joseph, letter to the Secretary of War on the enlistment of slaves, 307.

Honey Springs, Ark., bravery of Negro troops at the battle of, 346.

Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joseph, order in regard to harboring fugitive slaves in the army, 249.

Hosier, Rev. Harry, first Negro preacher in the M. E. Church in America, 466; his eloquence as a pulpit orator, 466, 467.

Houston, Gen. Samuel, proposition to Congress on the admission of California and New Mexico, 100, 101; maintains Congress has no authority to prohibit or interfere with slavery, 101.

Howard, Maj.-Gen. O. O. appointed Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, his report on schools established by the bureau, 385; in charge of Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 398; report, 399, 400.

Howland, Pero, free Negro, petitions for relief from taxation in Mass., 1780, 126.

Huddlestone, William, teaches Negro slaves in New York, 165.

Humphreys, Richard, founder of the Institute for Colored Youth, 176.

Hunter, Maj.-Gen. David, proclamation emancipating slaves, 257; rescinded by President Lincoln, 258; organizes Negro regiment, 278; official correspondence with the Secretary of War, respecting the enlistment of Negroes, 279, 280; asks to be relieved of his command, 284; outlawed by Jefferson Davis, 354.

Hunter, Rev. William H., establishes school for Colored people, 212.

Illinois, slave population in the territory of, 1810, 9, 1820, 22, 1830, 1840, 99; first constitution, Negroes, Mulattoes, and Indians exempted from militia service, free Negroes required to produce certificate of freedom, persons bringing slaves into, for the purpose of emancipating, to give bonds, 122; criminal code enacted, Negroes, Mulattoes, and Indians declared incompetent to be witnesses, Act to prevent the immigration of free Negroes into, 123; separate schools for Colored children established, the Free Mission Institute destroyed by mob, 159; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422; Negro elected to the Legislature, 447.

Indiana, slave population in the territory of, 1800, 2; William Henry Harrison, appointed governor, 3; memorial to Congress for the modification of the ordinance of 1787, 4-8; slave population, 1810, 9, 1820, 22; law in regard to executions against the time of service of slaves, 119, 121; Act for the introduction of Negroes, 120; first constitution, Negroes excluded from giving testimony, Act regulating free Negroes, 121; Negroes denied the right of suffrage, 159; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Indians, list of, ordered to leave Mass., 130.

Institute for Colored Youth, established, 176.

Iowa, number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

"Isaac Smith," gun-boat, free Negroes captured from, 354.

Jackson, Alfred, fugitive slave, claimed by his master, 245; leaves for Michigan, 246.

Jackson, Andrew, proclamation of, calling for Negro troops, War of 1812, 25; orders the suppression of the Snow riot at Washington, D. C., 189.

Jackson, Edward, representative of Attleborough, Pa., in the first conference of the African M. E. Church, 452.

Jackson, Fanny M., her birth, education, 448; school-teacher, 449.

Jackson, Rev. Henry, Negroes excluded from the church of, 430.

Jarrot vs. Jarrot, case of, mentioned, 120.

Jay, John, president of the N. Y. Society for Promoting the Manumission of Slaves, 167.

Jefferson, Thomas, recommends the abolishing of the slave-trade, 8; predicts the abolition of slavery, 33; condemns slavery, 35.

Jerusalem Court-House, Va., Negro insurrection at, 1831, 88.

Johnson, John, Negro sailor, his bravery and death, 30.

Jordan, Thomas, letter to Col. B. R. Rhett, Jr., relative to the refusal of the Confederate army to exchange captured Negro soldiers, 358.

Jordan vs. Smith, case of, mentioned, 113.

"Journal of the Times" (The), anti-slavery newspaper, advocates the claims of John Quincy Adams, 39.

Judah, Brig.-Gen., H. M., orders the return of fugitive slaves, 245.

Judge, Philadelphia, former slave to Martha Washington, 193.

Judson, Andrew T., decision in the case of the "Amistad" captives, 94; advocates resolutions against school for Colored children in Conn., 150; secures enactment of a law abolishing the same, 152; counsel for the prosecution in the trial of Prudence Crandall, 156.

Kansas, fugitive-slave bill passed, speech of John Brown against slavery, 215; infested by border ruffians, aid for the relief of, 216; arms purchased for the defence of, 218; plan of John Brown for the freedom of slaves in, 219; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422; freedmen's relief association, organized, 536.

Kentucky, slave population, 1800, 2, 1810, 9; opposed to the restriction of slavery, 16; slave population, 1820, 22, 1830, 1840, 99, 1850, 100; slave laws retard the education of the Negroes, 159; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; comparative statistics of education, 388; institutions for the instruction of Negroes, 392.

King, John, member of the first American Methodist Conference, 466.

Ku Klux, a secret organization, objects of, 382.

Lafayette, Marquis de, address to the scholars of the N. Y. African free school, 168.

Langston, John Mercer, born a slave, education, services, Resident Minister and Consul-General to Hayti, 446.

Lake Erie, N. Y., Negro sailor represented in the picture of Perry's victory on, 28; bravery of the Negro sailors at the battle of, 30.

Lancaster County, Pa., free public Colored school, 206.

Lawrence, John, mentioned, 166.

Lawrence, Kansas, sacked and burned by a mob, 215.

Lawrence, Nathaniel, mentioned, 166.

Leaman, Jacob, mentioned, 166.

Leaman, Willett, mentioned, 166.

Ledlie, Brig.-Gen., James H., attempts to fire the mine at the siege of Petersburg, Va., 341.

Lee, General Fitz-Hugh, defeated by Negro troops at the battle of Wilson's Wharf, 335.

Lee, William Thomas, his school for Colored children burned, 205; threatened by mob, 206.

Leming, Lieut., Mc J., his testimony in regard to the Fort Pillow massacre, 367.

Lenox, Walter, opposed to the education of Colored people, 201.

Leonard, Rev. Chauncey, his school for Colored children destroyed by mob, 192.

Lewis, Edmonia, Negro sculptress, sketch of, 450.

"Lexington," gun-boat, at the battle of Milliken's Bend, 326.

"Liberator" (The), anti-slavery newspaper, established, 41.

Liberia, proposed colony of free Negroes at, 51, 54, 56; protest against the colonization, 70.

Lincoln, Abraham, in favor of the Union of the States, 230; speech against slavery, 232; his answers to Stephen A. Douglass' questions on slavery, 237-239; in favor of gradual emancipation, elected President of the United States, 239; his inaugural address regarding slavery, 240; letter in reply to Horace Greeley, on slavery, 254; to Gen. Fremont, disproving his proclamation emancipating slaves in Missouri, 256; rescinds proclamation of Gen. Hunter, 258; conservative policy of, 259; his reasons for not issuing emancipation proclamation, 264-266; issues emancipation proclamation, 267-269; second proclamation, 272; opposed to the enlistment of Negroes, 278; authorizes the enlistment of Negro troops, 285; second call for troops, 287; his order in regard to prisoners of war, 355.

Lincoln University, see Ashum Institute.

Littlefield, Col. M. S., letter describing the bravery of Sergeant William II. Carney at the assault on Fort Wagner, 331.

Liverpool, Moses, former slave, erects Colored school, 182.

Livingston, Edward, address to the Negro troops before the battle of New Orleans, 26.

Loguen, Bishop, his book, "As a Slave and as a Freeman," mentioned, 59.

Longworth, Nicholas, builds the first school-house for Colored people in Cincinnati, 172.

Louisiana, slave population in, and territory of, 1810, 9, 1820, 22; bravery of the Negro troops of, at the battle of New Orleans, 27; slave population, 1830, 1840, 99, 1850, 100; education of Negroes prohibited, 160; secedes from the Union, 232; fugitive slaves offer their services in the army, 285; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; bravery of the 1st regiment, Negroes, at the battle of Port Hudson, 317-324, 345; the 9th and 11th regiments, Negroes, at the battle of Milliken's Bend, 326, 327; represented in Congress by Negroes, 382; Negro population in excess of the white, 386; comparative statistics of education, 388; institutions for the instruction of Negroes, 392, 393; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Lovejoy, E. P., member of the aggressive anti-slavery party, 50; killed by a mob, 51.

Lundy, Benjamin, earliest advocate of the abolition of slavery in the United States, establishes anti-slavery newspaper, 1821, 38; his sacrifices and work in the cause of emancipation, 38, 39; visits William Lloyd Garrison, favors gradual emancipation, 40; colonization of manumitted slaves, 51; mentioned, 63, 73.

McClellan, Maj.-Gen, George B., views on slavery, 249; Secretary Seward's letter to, in regard to fugitive slaves, 263.

McCoy, Benjamin M., one of the founders of Colored Sunday-school at Washington, D. C., 187; takes charge of public Colored school in Pa., 189; school for Colored children, 206.

McCrady, John, chief engineer of Georgia, ordered to impress Negroes to build fortifications, 261.

McLeod, John, in favor of the education of the Colored people, 186.

Madden, Rev. Samuel, a Colored Baptist minister, 476.

Madison, James, opposed to slavery, 33; president of the American Colonization Society, 52.

Maine, bill for the admission of, into the Union, 16, admitted, 18; equal school privileges granted to Negroes, 160; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Malcom, Rev. Howard, favors the colonization of free Negroes at Liberia, 52.

Mallory, Col., fugitive slaves of, declared contraband of war, 250.

Mann, Horace, favors the colonization of free Negroes at Liberia, 52.

Marechal, Rev. Ambrose, in favor of the education of the Negroes, 161.

Marsh, Jacob, representative of Attleborough, Pa., in the first conference of the African M. E. Church, 452.

Maryland, slave population, 1800, 2, 1810, 9, 1820, 22; Quakers emancipate their slaves, 35; slave population, 1830, 1840, 99, 1850, 100; Negroes excluded from the schools, St. Frances Academy founded, 160; the Wells school established, 161; order for the enlistment of Negroes, 290; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; comparative statistics of education, 388; institutions for the instruction of Negroes, 392, 393.

Massachusetts, petition of the free Negroes for relief from taxation, 1780, 126, 127; law preventing Negroes from other States from settling in, 127; notice to Negroes, Indians, and Mulattoes warning them to leave, 128; list of the same, 128, 129; first school for Colored children, 162; number of Negro troops, furnished, 299; captured Negro soldiers from, sold into slavery, 353.

Massachusetts General Colored Association, 78; letter to New England Anti-Slavery Society desiring to become auxiliary to the latter, 79.

Massachusetts Medical Society, first Colored member admitted to the, 133.

Massachusetts State Kansas Committee, amount of money furnished for the relief of Kansas, 216, 218.

Massachusetts Volunteers, 54th regiment, first Colored troops raised at the North, 289; at James Island, 328, 335; march to Morris Island, 328, 329, 332; assault Fort Wagner, and plant the colors of the regiment on the fort, 329; Edward L. Pierce's letter describing the valor and losses of the regiment, 331; Gen. Strong commends the bravery of the regiment, 334.

Mattock, White, mentioned, 166.

May, Rev. Samuel J., in favor of education of Colored children in Conn., 150, 151, 153, 157.

Memphis, Tenn., Negro troops raised for the Confederate States, 277; fort garrisoned by Negroes, 345.

Mercer, Brig.-Gen. Hugh W., order to impress Negroes to build fortifications, 261.

Methodist Episcopal Church founded, Negro servants and slaves contributors to the erection of the first chapel in New York, 1768, 465; first American annual conference, 465, 466; first Negro preacher in the, 466; opposed to slavery, 467; organized, interested in the welfare of the Negro, 468; strength of the churches and Sunday-schools of the Colored members in the, 469.

Michigan, slave population in the territory of, 1810, 9; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Middleton, Charles H., establishes school for Colored children, 207, 208.

Milliken's Bend., La., bravery of the Negro troops at the battle of, 308, 313, 326, 345.

Miner, Myrtilla, establishes seminary for Colored girls, 196; sketch of, 197-205.

Minnesota, number of Negro troops furnished by, 300; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Minot, William, address at the dedication of the Smith school-house, 162.

Mississippi, slave population in territory of, 1800, 2; one of the most cruel of slave States, 3; formation of the territory of, 3; slave population, 1810, 9; applies for admission into the Union with a slave constitution, 9; slave population, 1820, 22, 1830, 1840, 99, 1850, 100; education of Negroes prohibited, conduct of slaves regulated, preaching the Gospel by slaves declared unlawful, 163; secedes from the Union, 232; number of Negro troops furnished by, 300; 1st regiment of Negroes at the battle of Milliken's Bend, 326; represented in Congress by Negroes, 382; Negro population in excess of the white, 386; comparative statistics of education, 388; institutions for the instruction of Negroes, 392, 393; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Missouri, applies for admission into the Union, 14; Arkansas formed from, 15; controversy, 16-20; admitted into the Union, 20; slave population, 1820, 22, 1830, 1840, 99, 1850, 100; Negroes ordered to leave the State, education prohibited, 163; order for the enlistment of Negroes, 290; number of Negro troops furnished by, 300; comparative statistics of education, 388; institutions for the instruction of Negroes, 392; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Mitchell, Charles L., member of the Legislature of Mass., 446.

Mobile, Ala., educational privileges granted to the free Creoles, 148.

Monroe, James, message to Congress in regard to the slave-trade, 12.

Montes, Don Pedro, passenger on the Spanish slaver "Amistad," compelled by the slaves to navigate the ship, 93; charged with piracy, 94.

Montgomery, Ala., Confederate States organized, 232.

Morgan, Rev. J. V. B., establishes school for Colored children, 209.

Morris, Catharine, contributes money for the education of Colored people, 199.

Morris Island, S. C., battle on, Negro regiment leads the assault, 313, 328, 329.

Morsell, Judge James, interested in the education of Colored people, 207.

Mott, Lydia P., establishes a home for Colored orphans, 144.

Murfreesboro, Tenn., captured Negro soldiers massacred at, 353.

Murray, John, Jr., mentioned, 166.

Muse, Lindsay, one of the founders of Colored Sunday-school at Washington, D. C., 186.

Mussey, Captain R. D., superintends the recruiting of Negro troops, 294.

Nantucket, Mass., anti-slavery convention at, 425.

Nashville, Tenn., Negroes in the Confederate service, 277; Negro troops recruited, 294; engaged in the battle of, 342.

Natchez, Miss., fort at, garrisoned by Negro troops, 345.

National anti-slavery convention, held in Phila., 1833, 44.

Neau, Elias, establishes a school for Negro slaves, in New York, 1704; pupils accused of being concerned in the Negro plot, his life threatened, 164; his death, 165.

Nebraska, bill introduced in Congress, to organize the territory of, 107, 110; number of troops furnished by, 300; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

Negroes, free, sold as slaves, 2; premium to informer of illegally imported, seized in the United States, 10; imported to St. Mary's, 10; to be returned to Africa, 12; serve in the War of 1812, 23-27; Gen. Jackson's proclamation calling for Negro troops, 25; Gen. Livingston's address, 26; rated as chattel property, their valor in war secures them immunity in peace, at the battle of New Orleans, 27; in the United States Navy, 28-30; at Fort Mackinac, 1814, 28; their treatment as sailors, Captain Perry's letter to Commodore Chauncey, complaining of the men sent him, 28; Commodore Chauncey's reply, 29; at the battle of Lake Erie, represented in the picture of Perry's victory on Lake Erie, letter of Nathaniel Shaler commending the bravery of the sailors under his command, 30; military services, 32; proposed colony of free, at Liberia, 51, 54, 56; authors of anti-slavery literature, 59; anti-slavery efforts of free, 61-81; conventions of the people of color, 61-79; condition of free, in United States, 62, 67; proposed college for, 63; settle in Canada, 66, 71, 73; opposed to colonization in Liberia and Hayti, 70; leave Ohio, for Canada, 71, 76; colonization of Upper Canada, opposed, 72; dissolution of anti-slavery societies composed of, 79; prejudice against admitting, into white societies, eloquence of the, as orators, 81; insurrections of, 82-92; why they were kept in bondage, 82; plot of the, in Virginia, 1800, 83; in Charleston, S. C., 1822, 84; insurrection in Southampton County, Va., 1831, 87-89; the "Amistad" captives, 93-96; Northern sympathy and Southern subterfuges, 1850-1860, 97-100; schools broken up, pupils maltreated, 97; the "Black Laws" of "Border States," 111-124; Ohio laws against free, 111, 112; compelled to show certificate of freedom, 112; laws against kidnapping, 113; not citizens, 114, 118; denied the right to vote, 119, 122; excluded from the militia service, schools established for free, 119; Act for the introduction of, into Indiana, 120; excluded from giving testimony, 121, 123; exempted from militia service, 122; Act to prevent the immigration of free, into Illinois, 123; restrictions and proscriptions in the Northern States, 124; the Northern, 125-146; number of free, in the slave and Northern States, 125; petition for relief from taxation of free, in Mass., 1780, 126; law preventing, from other States settling in Mass., 127; notice to, warning them to leave Mass., 128; list of, ordered to leave Mass., 128, 129; rights and privileges restricted, 130-132; educated by their own race, admitted to the bar, practice of medicine, pulpit, authors, orators, 133; prominent, 134, 135; amount paid for their freedom, 134; distinguished in the pulpit, 135; report on the condition of, in Cincinnati, 1835, 136-138; militia company of, 145; emigrate to Liberia, overcome prejudice against the race, 146; school laws, 1619-1860, 147-213; education of, prohibited, 148, 149, 157, 158, 160, 163, 170, 178-181; prejudice against the schools for, in Conn., 149; resolutions against the establishing of schools for, in Conn., 150; school abolished, 152, 153; school-house mobbed, 156, 159; African School Association established, 157; education of, advocated, 158, 159; denied the right of suffrage, 159; elective franchise and school privileges in Maine, 160; schools established, 161, 162, 164, 168-178, 182-213; first school established by, 162; ordered to leave Missouri, 163; plot for burning New York, 164; prohibited the use of the streets, kidnapped, 165; school trustees, 171, 172; admitted to Oberlin College, 172; the employment of, as clerks forbidden, 180; stringent laws of Va., 180, 181; attacked by a mob, 188; population in United States, 229; their services in the War of 1861 declined, not the cause of the War of 1861, 242; arrest of free, by the army, 244; ordered from the Union army, 250; on fatigue duty, 260-262; employed as teamsters and in the quartermaster's department, 260; number at Port Royal, cultivate land, self-supporting, 261; order to impress, to build fortifications for Confederate States, 261, 262; fortifications and earthworks built by, industrious and earn promotion, 262; emancipation proclamations, 263-275; President Lincoln's emancipation proclamation imparts new hope to the, 274; as soldiers in the War of 1861, 276-309; in the Confederate service, 277, 278; presented with war flag, 277; President Lincoln opposed to the enlistment of, first regiment of loyal, organized, 278; official correspondence of the Secretary of War, concerning the enlistment of, 279, 280; their abilities as soldiers, 282; President Lincoln authorizes the raising of five regiments of, 285; regiments of free, at New Orleans, 287; bill in Congress for the employment of, as soldiers, 287; action of Congress, on the proposed amendment to the army appropriation bill, to prohibit the enlistment of, 288; Mass. furnishes regiment of, 289; official order for the enlistment of, 290; New York furnishes regiments of, 292; Pennsylvania regiments of, 293; prejudice against, as soldiers, free military school established, 293; number of, in the army, 297, 299-301; use of, as soldiers, 301; the character of, 303; as soldiers, 306, 310-349; bravery of, in battle, 308, 313, 323, 329, 336, 338, 342, 345-349; legally and constitutionally soldiers, 309; persecuted in the army, 311; expedition of the First S. C. Volunteers into Ga., and Fla., 314; at the battle of Port Hudson, 316-323; commended for their bravery, 323, 338, 346; Boker's poem on "The Black Regiment," 324; at the battle of Milliken's Bend, 326; draft riot at N. Y., mob destroy orphan asylum, hang several, and destroy property of, 328; lead the assault on Fort. Wagner, 329, 331-335; number of battles fought by, in the Army of the Potomac, 335; defeat Gen. Fitz-Hugh Lee at Wilson's Wharf, 335, 336; at the battle of Petersburg, Va., 336-342; Nashville, Tenn., 342; list of the losses, 343; at Appomattox, Va., their efficiency as soldiers, 344; forts garrisoned by, 345; soldierly qualities, 346, 347; history records their deeds of valor, in the preservation of the Union, 349; capture and treatment of, 350-376; Confederate States opposed to the military employment of, by the U. S. Government, 350, 351; captured in arms against the Confederate States to be executed, 352; captured, sold into slavery, the government urged to protect enlisted, massacre of prisoners, 353; ill-treatment of free, captured on gun-boat, 354; Confederate States refuse to exchange captured, as prisoners of war, 355, 357; defend Fort Pillow, and are massacred, 360, 361; testimony in regard to the massacre, 361-375; the first decade of freedom, 377-383; condition of, at the close of the war, 378, 381, 382; bureau for the relief of freedmen and refugees established, 379; in Congress, members of Legislature in the Southern States, 382; the results of emancipation, 384-418; advance in education, 382, 387, 388, 396; number of schools attended, 382; amount of money raised by, for the support of schools, 386, 394; population in excess of the whites, in La., S. C., and Miss., 386; comparative statistics of education at the South, 388; statistics of institutions for the instruction of, 389-393; Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands established, 398; military savings-banks, Freedman's Savings Bank and Trust Company established, 403, 407; failure of the bank, 411, 412; social and financial condition of the, in the South, 413, 414; character of the Southern, 414; rarely receive justice in Southern courts, 415; their treatment as convicts, 416; increase, from 1790-1880, 417; susceptible of the highest civilization, 418; representative men, 419-448; ratification of the fifteenth amendment, granting manhood suffrage to American, 420-422; in the U. S. Senate and House of Representatives, in the diplomatic service, 423; representative women, 448-451; African M. E. Church, 452-464; contributors to the erection of the first M. E. chapel in New York, 1768, 465; Baptists of America, 475-515; the decline of Negro governments, 516-528; the exodus—cause and effect, 529; abridgment of their rights, the plantation credit system, 530; political intimidation, murder, and outrage against the, 531-533; settle in Kansas, 536; retrospection and prospection, 544; power of endurance, number of tribes of, represented in U. S., achievements as laborers, soldiers, and students, 545; first blood shed by, in the Revolution and the War for the Union, 546.

Nelson, Col. John A., commands Negro troops at the battle of Port Hudson, 318.

Nevada, ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

New Bedford, Mass., Negroes excluded from the Lyceum, 430.

Newburyport, Mass., anti-slavery newspaper published, 39; ship "Francis Todd" from, engaged in the slave-trade, 40.

New England Anti-slavery Society, appoints Mass. General Colored Association its auxiliary, 79; resolution in regard to anti-slavery, 80.

"New Era," gun-boat, at the attack on Fort Pillow, 360.

New Hampshire, slave population, 1800, 2; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299; ratifies the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the U. S., 422.

New Haven, Conn., proposed college for young men of color, 63; citizens of, oppose the erection of the college, 76.

New Jersey, slave population, 1800, 2, 1810, 9; resolutions against the extension of slavery, 16; anti-slavery society formed, Act for the gradual abolition of slavery, 20; slave population, 1820, 22; Quakers emancipate their slaves, 38; slave population, 1830, 1840, 99, 1850, 100; number of Negro troops furnished by, 299.

New London, Conn., the Spanish slaver "Amistad" captured and taken to, trial of the slaves, 94.

Newman, Rev. W. P., Colored Baptist minister, 476.

New Mexico, resolution in regard to the admission into the Union, 100, 101; number of troops furnished by, 300.

New Orleans, La., bravery of the Negro troops at the battle of, 27; slaves from Baltimore to, to be sold, 40; Negro troops in the Confederate army at, 277; regiments of free Negroes organized, 287; forts at, garrisoned by Negro troops, 345.