Norway, its monarchy founded, i. 128, 129

Norwich, French settlers in, i. 303; clothiers of, resist benevolences, iii. 251; rising at, against Somerset, iv. 55; centre of the worsted trade, 279

Nothelm, friend of Baeda, i. 94

Nottingham, AEthelred I.'s treaty with the northmen at, i. 104; one of the Five Boroughs, 117; submits to Eadward the Elder, 119; Edward III. arrests Mortimer at, ii. 207; Charles I. raises his standard at, vi. 2

Nottingham, Daniel Finch, second Earl of, vii. 28, 88, 124

Nottingham, Thomas Mowbray, second Earl of, ii. 353, 370. See Norfolk

Nottingham, John Mowbray, fourth Earl of, iii. 18

Nova Scotia, French settlers driven from, vii. 242; ceded to England, 307

Novi, battle of, viii. 140

Nowell, Alexander, Dean of St. Paul's, iv. 165

Noy, William, v. 317

Noyon, treaty of, iii. 234

Oates, Titus, vi. 294-297; vii. 66

Ockham, William, ii. 276

Odo, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 137

Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, i. 167, 183, 189, 191

Offa, king of Mercia, i. 96-98; ii. 46

Oglethorpe, General, vii. 236

O'Hara, General, viii. 109

Ohio Company, vii. 242

Olaf, king of Norway, i. 140

Oldcastle, Sir John, ii. 345; iii. 19. See Cobham

Olivares, Count of, v. 233

Olney, treaty of, i. 143

O'Neal, Sir Phelim, v. 365

O'Neill, Hugh, vi. 79

O'Neill, Hugh, second Earl of Tyrone, v. 61, 62

O'Neill, Owen Roe, vi. 71

O'Neill, Shane, iv. 240, 241

Opdam, Admiral, vi. 225

Orange, William I., Prince of, iv. 264, 297, 300, 312, 338, 347

Orange, William II., Prince of, vi. 70

Orange, William III., Prince of. See William

"Orangemen," viii. 119, 120

"Ordainers," the Lords, ii. 188

Ordeal, trial by, i. 239

Orderic, i. 6, 173

Orders in Council, Lord Grenville's, viii. 178; Canning's, 181; repealed, 197

Ordinance, Self-Denying, vi. 35; for suppression of blasphemies and heresies, vi. 60

Ordinances changed into statutes, ii. 298; of 1311, 189, 191, 194, 195

Orkneys, Northmen in the, i. 129

Orleans, Henry V. repulsed from, iii. 36; siege of, 45, 46; relieved, 50, 51

Orleans, Charles, Duke of, iii. 24, 26, 28

Orleans, Lewis I., Duke of, iii. 5, 6, 12, 16, 17

Orleans, Lewis II., Duke of, iii. 170. See Lewis XII.

Orleans, Philip II., Duke of, Regent of France, vii. 185, 213

Ormond, James Butler, twelfth Earl of, vi. 16; invites Charles II. to Ireland, 71; besieges Dublin, 76; Duke, 182, 193; Lord Steward, 193; retires, 244; returns to the Council, 278; supports Parliamentary government, vii. 1

Ormond, James Butler, second Duke of, Warden of the Cinque Ports, vii. 145; joins the Pretender, 168; tries to stir up a rising, 184; commands a Spanish fleet, 187

Orosius, AElfred's translation of, i. 114

Orthez, battle of, viii. 202

Orvieto, Edward I. visits the Pope at, ii. 102

Osbern's Lives of English Saints, i. 243

Osgod Clapa, i. 148

Osney, abbey of, i. 284; annals of, 273

Oswald, king of Bernicia, i. 67, 69-71

Oswiu, king of Northumbria, i. 72, 73, 78-81, 86

Otterbourne's Chronicle, ii. 179

Otto of Saxony, king of the Germans, i. 264; his alliance with John, 334, 337; invades France, 338, 342

Oudenarde, battle of, vii. 134

Overbury, Sir Thomas, v. 192

Oxford, first mention of, i. 305; submits to Swein, 143; siege of, 220; condition after Norman conquest, 306, 307; in the twelfth century, 283-285; relations with Abbey of Abingdon, 306, 308; with London, 308, 309; mayor substituted for reeve, 310; town-life, ib., 311; barons swear fealty to Henry Fitz-Empress at, 227; Richard I. born at, 259; Friars settle in, ii. 12; Charles I. at, vi. 3, 4; blockade of, 19; "bargemen" of, i. 308; charters, 309; church of St. Martin, 283, 306, 310; of St. Mary, 287, 288; Jews at, 307; ii. 127-129; merchant-gild, i. 308; Parliament at, ii. 60; v. 246; vi. 226, 322, 323; Portmannimote of, i. 306, 309; Port-meadow, 296, 306; Provisions of, ii. 61; University of, i. 285-287; Gerald of Wales at, 285; a papal legate mobbed at, 287; ii. 42; study of Aristotle at, i. 288, 293, 294; foreign students at, 291; revival of theology at, ii. 14; Roger Bacon at, 16, 17; attitude towards English liberty in thirteenth century, 22; Wyclif at, 276; ordered to condemn and arrest him, 310; condemns him, 337; displaces his opponents, ib.; Wykeham's College at, 308; Lollardry at, 339-341; Duke Humphrey bequeaths his library to, iii. 40, 161; decay of scholarship at, 98; revival of Greek at, 190, 194, 202; Cardinal College at, 202, 262, 265; Lutheranism at, 262, 263; forced to approve Henry VIII.'s divorce, 292; opposes the royal supremacy, iv. 162; religious changes in, 304; Catholic refugees from, at Douay, 317; protests against the Millenary Petition, v. 152; declares for passive obedience, 170; vii. 1; James II.'s dealings with, 25, 26; Jacobitism in, 184; Methodists at, 205; supports the younger Pitt, viii. 69

Oxford, Robert de Vere, third Earl of. See Vere

Oxford, Robert de Vere, ninth Earl of. See Vere

Oxford, John de Vere, twelfth Earl of, iii. 142, 177

Oxford, Edward de Vere, seventeenth Earl of, iv. 318, 353, 358

Oxford, Aubrey de Vere, twentieth Earl of, vii. 23

Oxford, Robert Harley, Earl of (see Harley), vii. 145

Packenham, General, viii. 205

Palatinate, war in the, v. 220; the Elector driven from, 226; reconquered by Gustavus of Sweden, 276

Pale, the English, in Ireland, ii. 374; divided into counties, 376

Pampeluna, siege of, viii. 202

Pandulf, Cardinal, i. 333, 337, 344; ii. 3, 6

Papacy, the, its relations with England under Henry III., ii. 1, 26-28, 59; English protests against its exactions, 38, 42; its relations with the Empire, 217, 218; with France, ib., 224; with England under Edward III., 218, 219, 221-223, 273-275, 303; complaints of King and Parliament against, 225; private arrangements with Edward III., 296; beginning of its struggle with Luther, iii. 253; England's relations with, under Henry VIII., 288, 289, 297, 299, 300; appeals to, forbidden, 302; judicial and financial connexion with, broken, ib.; its jurisdiction transferred to the Crown, 305, 306; submission to, under Mary, iv. 88, 89; its revival under Paul IV., 99, 100; relations with Elizabeth, 155; position and policy under Pius V., 250-253; under Gregory XIII., 306, 313

Paris rises against the Regent Charles, ii. 264; threatened by Edward III., 265; Henry VI. crowned at, iii. 55; welcomes Charles VII., 56; besieged by Henry IV. (of France), iv. 369; relieved by Parma, 370; rising in, viii. 83; surrenders to the Allies, 203; Peace of, vii. 307; University of, i. 225, 282, 285, 290

Paris, Matthew, i. 273; ii. 43, 44

Parish system, its introduction, i. 84

Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 165; his historical collections, v. 4; Strype's Life of, iv. 4

Parker, Bishop of Oxford, vii. 25, 26

Parkhurst, John, iv. 119

Parliament, its origin, ii. 156; first scheme for representation of Commonalty in, 61; its summons forbidden by Henry III., 64; knights summoned to, 66, 150, 151; Commons summoned to, 73; representation of boroughs in, ib., 120, 121, 152-154; finally constituted in 1295, 156; attempt to include the clergy in, 157; fixed at Westminster, 158; Edward I.'s plan for representation of Scotland in, 171; relations with the Crown, 181-183; protests against papal exactions, 38, 222, 223, 225; demands the dismissal of Gaveston, 187; deposes Edward II., 199; growth of its power, 201; internal developement, ib., 202; grouping of Estates in, 202, 203; confirms recognition of Scotch independence, 205; progress under Edward III., 230-232; two Houses, 231; repudiates John's submission to Rome, 275; Edward III.'s relations with, 292; its assent made necessary for subsidies on wool, 298; English language first used in opening, 300, 356; petition for due election of knights to serve in, 300; acknowledges Richard II.'s claim to the succession, 307; refuses to enfranchise serfs, 335; struggle with Richard II., 352; deposes him, iii. 1; recognizes Henry IV., 2; its relations with him, 3, 4, 22, 23; importance at opening of Wars of the Roses, 86; relations with York and Lancaster, 91, 92; suspension under Edward IV., 91, 152; recognizes Henry VII., 174; Henry VIII.'s relations with, 288; asks for Church reform, 290; forbids appeals to Rome, 302; Cromwell's dealings with, iv. 8, 9; More's reverence for, 9; developement under Henry VIII., 9-11; temper under Edward VI., 66; packing of, 67, 234; relations with Mary, 77, 81, 85; advance under Elizabeth, 233-239; v. 56-58; "Admonition to," iv. 296; suspension under Charles I., 272; Pym's theory of, 346, 347; schemes of the Convention for its reform, vi. 99; first representation of Scotland and Ireland in, ib., 101; new constitution of, in 1657, 122; its strength and its weakness, 301, 302; secures control over taxation and the army, vii. 61; annual assembly, 62; control over trade, 63; the Whigs' management of, 176; its duration fixed at seven years, 185; relations with the people after the Revolution, 286-288; need for its reform, 289-292; George III.'s dealings with, 308, 309; its dealings with Wilkes, 318; publication of its debates, viii. 11; composition after Union with Ireland, 139; at Berwick, ii. 162; at Coventry, iii. 75; at Gloucester, ii. 289, 315; at Marlborough, 89; at Newcastle, 160; at Norham, 136; at Oxford, 60; v. 246; vi. 226, 323; at St. Albans, ii. 66; at Shrewsbury, 121, 371; at Winchester, 66, 80, 82; at York, 195; the Addled, v. 196; the Barebones, vi. 95; the Cavalier, 201-204, 207; moves to Oxford, 226; its attitude towards France, 228; relations with Charles, 240, 241; rejects a scheme of Protestant comprehension, 252; its distrust of the Cabal, 253; grants a subsidy for the fleet, 260; action in 1673, 271-274; in 1674, 280, 281; Danby's dealings with, 284-286; action in 1678, 290; dissolved, 299; the Convention, vi. 194; its dealings with the regicides, 195, 196; settlement of the nation, 196-198; of the Church, 199, 200; dissolved, 200, 201; the Club, iii. 91; the Good, ii. 177, 304-307; Long, its assembly, v. 349; proceedings in 1640, 350, 351; in 1641, 352-357, 362, 363, 369-371, 373-379; raises an army, 377; vi. 1; alliance with Scotland, 14, 15; takes the Covenant, 16; its ecclesiastical policy, 29, 30; negotiates with Charles, 38; attitude towards religious liberty, 45, 46; proposes terms to the king, 47; sets up Presbyterianism, 50; negotiates with the Army, 54; dealings with heresy, 60; negotiates again with Charles, 63; struggle with the Army, 65, 66; its ruin, 67; the Merciless, ii. 354; the Rump, vi. 66; its unwillingness to dissolve, 74, 77, 81, 84, 87; struggle with the army, 89; driven out, 90, 91; recalled, 149; driven out again, 150; second return and dissolution, 151; the Short, v. 340, 341; the Wonderful, ii. 354; of 1246, 38; of 1248, ib.; of 1254, 73; of 1257, 59; of 1258, 60; of 1259, 64; of 1260, ib.; of 1261, 66; of 1264, 71; of 1265, 72, 73, 75, 80, 82, 153; of 1266, 87; of 1267, 89; of 1275, 103, 107; of 1283, 121; of 1289, 123; of 1295, 143, 154, 156, 157, 160; of 1296, 160; of 1309, 187; of 1311, 189; of 1313, 191; of 1322, 195, 196; of 1327, 199; of 1328, 205; of 1340, 231; of 1341, 232; of 1351, 256, 273; of 1354, 299; of 1365, 274; of 1371, 301; of 1376, 289; of 1377, 310, 311; of 1378, 289, 312, 315; of 1379, 289, 316; of 1380, 316; of 1381, 334; of 1385, 352; of 1386, ib.; of 1388, 353; of 1397, 370; of 1398, 371; of 1399, iii. 1; of 1404, 15; of 1413, 25; of 1426, 91; of 1447, 61; of 1450, 68; of 1451, ib.; of 1454, 72; of 1455, 74; of 1461, 118; of 1484, 168; of 1485, 174; of 1515, 221; of 1523, 244; of 1529, 284, 288; its action in 1531, 297; in 1534, 305; of 1539, 345; of October 1553, iv. 75; of November 1554, 88; of 1559, 156, 157; of 1563, 214, 215; of 1570, 272; of 1571, 292; of 1581, 319; of 1604, v. 153-155, 157, 160-163; of 1610, 179-182; of 1614, 195, 196; of 1621, 220, 221, 225, 227-229; of 1624, 235; of 1625, 245-247; of 1626, 249, 253; of 1628, 259-264, 268-271; of 1640, see Parliament, Long and Short; of 1654, vi. 101-106; of 1655, 117, 123; reassembles in 1658, 143; its strife with Cromwell, 144; dissolved, 145; of 1659, 148, 149; of 1660, see Parliament, the Convention; of 1661, see Parliament, the Cavalier; of 1679, vi. 299, 300, 304-306, 308; of 1680, 312, 319, 320; of 1681, 322-324; of 1685, vii. 7, 9, 14, 15, 23; of 1687, 23; of 1689, 60-67, 69; of 1690, 69, 88; of 1695, 88, 89; of 1699, 97, 98; of 1701, 101-105, 107; of 1702, 107; of 1705, 125; of 1714, 168; of 1768, viii. 4, 7, 8, 11, 12; of 1784, 69; Irish, of 1634, v. 291, 292; its condition in eighteenth century, viii. 35; rejects free trade with England, 79, 118; action in question of the Regency, 138; Scottish, accepts Calvinism, iv. 187; the Drunken, vi. 180; of 1543, iv. 26, 28; of 1563, 218; of 1566, 228, 229; of 1568, 260; of 1703, vii. 127. See Commons, Lords, Statutes

Parma, Alexander Farnese, prince of, iv. 312, 337, 347, 348; prepares to invade England, 356; his difficulties, 357, 359; raises the siege of Paris, 370; of Rouen, 371; dies, 373

Parpaglia, Papal Legate, iv. 191, 192

Parr, Catharine, iv. 24, 56

Parry, William, iv. 350

Parsons, Robert, iv. 318, 320, 345

Partition Treaty, the first, vii. 93; second, 96

Passau, treaty of, iv. 65; v. 175

Paston Letters, ii. 180; iii. 104, 154

Paterson, William, vii. 86

Patrick, St., i. 68

"Patriots," the, vii. 203, 204, 218

Paul III., Pope, iii. 350; iv. 21, 35, 51, 64

Paul IV., Pope (see Caraffa), iv. 99, 101; his demands on England, 102, 145; on Elizabeth, 155, 156; death, 160

Paul, emperor of Russia, viii. 137, 160-163

Paulinus, St., i. 64, 67

Pavia, battle of, iii. 250

Peasant Revolt, the, ii. 319-332; its results, 333-335

Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 118

Pecock, Bishop of Chichester, iii. 96

Pedro the Cruel, king of Castille, ii. 282-284

Peerage, increase of, under James I., v. 200; under Charles I., ib.; under Charles II., 201. See Lords

Peerage Bill, vii. 190, 191

"Peep o' Day Boys," viii. 119

Pelham, Henry, vii. 218, 226, 246, 250

Pembroke surprised by the Royalists, vi. 59; besieged by Cromwell, 61; surrenders, 62

Pembroke, William Herbert, first Earl of, iv. 65, 66, 70, 108, 268

Pembroke, William Herbert, third Earl of, v. 43

Pembroke, Thomas Herbert, eighth Earl of, vii. 23

Pembroke, Earls of. See Clare, Marshal, Tudor, Valence

Pembrokeshire, Flemish and English settlement in, ii. 48

Pencrych, Richard, ii. 357

Penda, king of Mercia, i. 66, 70-73

Pengwern becomes Shrewsbury, i. 98

Peninsular War, viii. 186-188, 190, 191, 199, 200, 202

Penn, William, vi. 335

Pennsylvania, settlement of, vi. 335; vii. 236

Penry, John, iv. 343

Pepys, Roger, vi. 203

Pepys, Samuel, vi. 174; his Diary, 157

Perceval, Spencer, viii. 189, 195, 196

Perche, Thomas, count of, ii. 2

Percies, the, ii. 378, 379; iii. 12

Percy, Henry (Hotspur), ii. 378; constable of North Wales, iii. 10; recovers Conway, 11; defeats the Scots at Homildon Hill, 12; plots against Henry IV., 13; slain, 14

Percy, Thomas, v. 158

Perigord restored to Edward III., ii. 266

Perrers, Alice, ii. 304, 306, 307

Perth, Convocation at, ii. 171; Protestant riot at, iv. 169

Perth, James Drummond, fourth Earl of, vii. 17

Peru conquered by Pizarro, iv. 329

Peter the Great, Czar of Russia, vii. 189

Peter of Savoy, ii. 32

Peterborough founded, i. 86; burnt by northmen, 104

Peterborough, John Mordaunt, first Earl of, vii. 37

Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, second Earl of, vii. 126, 131, 133

Peters, Hugh, vi. 28, 66

Petition of the Commons to Henry VIII., iii. 290; the Millenary, v. 151; of Right, 260, 261; accepted by Charles I., 263

Petitions to the king in Parliament, ii. 159; changed into Statutes, iii. 90; Triers of, ii. 159

"Petitioners" and "Abhorrers," vi. 314

Petrarch, his influence on Chaucer, ii. 360

Petre, Father Edward, vii. 20

Petty, Sir William, vi. 132, 169

Pevensey, William the Conqueror lands at, i. 162

Phelips, Sir Robert, v. 247, 248

Philadelphia, Congress at, viii. 19

Philip I., king of France, i. 190

Philip Augustus, king of France, leagues with Richard against Henry II., i. 258; quarrels with Richard, 259, 260; plots with John, 261; struggle with Richard, 263, 264; conquers Normandy, 268, 269; conquers Aquitaine, 270; charged by the Pope to depose John, 333

Philip III., king of France, ii. 102

Philip IV., the Fair, king of France, his relations with Scotland, ii. 141, 160; seizes Guienne, 142; truce with Edward, 168; treaty, 170; relations with the papacy, ib., 217, 224; his Royal Book, iii. 161

Philip VI., of Valois, king of France, ii. 209; relations with Pope and Emperor, 218; attacks the Agenois and occupies Cambray, 219; withdraws, 220; supports Charles of Blois in Britanny, 233; offers to restore Aquitaine, 235; defeated at Crecy, 237-239; fails against Edward and the Flemings, 244

Philip, son of Charles V. (Philip II. of Spain), iv. 79, 80; king of Naples, 86; marries Mary, ib.; person and manners, ib.; policy in England, 89, 90; lord of Burgundy and king of Spain, 98; leaves England, ib.; returns, 107; war with France, 108; policy towards Elizabeth, 137, 138, 154, 159, 175; hopes for her conversion, 190; compels Pius IV. to recall Parpaglia, 192; urges Elizabeth to send envoys to Trent, 194; sends help to the Guises, 209; delays the Bull for deposition of Elizabeth, 214; turns towards Mary Stuart, 222; relations with Mary and the Pope, 254, 255; difficulties in the Netherlands, 255, 256; refuses to join the French against England, 268; his rule, 326-328; character, 328; policy, ib., 329; king of Portugal, 335; assembles the Armada, 344; despatches it, 356; designs on France, 369; sends troops to the Leaguers, 371; sends a second Armada, v. 60; supports Irish rising, 62

Philip IV., king of Spain, vi. 190

Philip, Duke of Anjou, vii. 99, 100; king of Spain (Philip V.), 101, 141, 142, 186

Philip, Archduke of Austria, iii. 170, 186, 208

Philiphaugh, battle of, vi. 41

Philippa of Hainault, wife of Edward III., ii. 198, 245-247

Philippines, the, conquered by England, vii. 307; restored to Spain, ib.

Philpot, John, ii. 312

Picardy ceded to Burgundy, iii. 120; restored to France, 122

Pichegru, General, viii. 110

Pickering, Sir Gilbert, vi. 325

Picts, the, i. 30; defeated by Hengest and Horsa, 32; own Ecgfrith's supremacy, 88; defeat him at Nectansmere, 89

Piers the Ploughman, ii. 178, 269-272

Pilgrim Fathers, the, v. 308-310

Pilgrimage of Grace, iii. 323

Pillnitz, conference at, viii. 96

Pinkie Cleugh, battle of, iv. 53

Pitt, William, vii. 204, 220; opposes treaty with Russia, 247; his relations with Walpole and the Pelhams, 249-251; his lofty spirit, 251-255; patriotism, 255-257; eloquence, 257-259; statesmanship, 259, 260; supports Frederick II., 262, 263; his place among English statesmen, 275, 276; rejects peace with France and supports Frederick, 302; plans of war in 1761, 303; resigns, 304; relations with George III. and the Whigs, 316; denounces the Stamp Act, 327; recalled to office, 328; again withdraws, 329; supports American resistance, 331; demands repeal of the Stamp Act, 331; his policy towards America, 337; attacks the Declaratory Act, 338; forms a ministry, 339, 340. See Chatham

Pitt, William, the younger, viii. 52, 62; his Reform Bill, 63, 64; Chancellor of the Exchequer, 65; new scheme for parliamentary reform, 67; First Lord of the Treasury, 69; his temper, 70-72; statesmanship, 72-74; his plans of parliamentary reform, 75, 76; finance, 77; treaty of commerce with France, 79; advocates abolition of slave-trade, ib.; resists the prince's claim to the regency, 84; attitude towards the French Revolution, 84, 86, 88, 89, 91, 95; supports Fox's Libel Act, 92; gives a constitution to Canada, ib.; endeavours to maintain peace, 102, 103; position after the declaration of war, 104, 105; his financial difficulties, 113, 114; negotiations with France, 121, 126; introduces the Income-Tax, 137; effects union with Ireland, 138, 139; his position during the war, 148-151; revives plans for Catholic emancipation in Ireland, 152-155; retires, 148, 155; opposes Russia, 161; returns to office, 170; subsidizes a league against Napoleon, 172; death, 173, 174

Pittsburg, vii. 266

Pius II., Pope, iii. 162

Pius IV., Pope, his policy, iv. 190, 191; recalls the council to Trent, 192, 193; forbids attendance of Catholics at English Church service, 214

Pius V., Pope, iv. 226, 250; relations with Philip II., 254, 256; sends envoys to the English Catholics, 264; issues a Bull for deposition of Elizabeth, 265; sanctions the plans of Mary and Norfolk, 272

Pius VI., Pope, viii. 136

Pizarro, Francisco, iv. 329

Place Bill, vii. 62, 82

Plassey, battle of, vii. 261, 262

Plattsburg, English attempt on, viii. 205

Plauen, battle of, vii. 264

Pleas, Common, Court of, ii. 109; of the Crown, i. 264; ii. 109

Plymouth (Massachusetts), its foundation, v. 310

Poinet, Bishop of Winchester, iv. 119, 129, 131

Poitiers captured by Henry of Derby, ii. 235; battle of, 261-263

Poitou, Henry III.'s campaign in, ii. 35; ceded to France, 63; recovered by Henry of Derby, 243; restored to Edward III., 266; won by Du Guesclin, 287

Poland, contested election to the throne of, vii. 214; partitions of, viii. 85, 108

Pole, Sir Geoffrey, iii. 349

Pole, John de la, Earl of Lincoln, iii. 176

Pole, Michael de la, Earl of Suffolk, ii. 350-353

Pole, Reginald, iii. 333, 349; iv. 20; his attainder reversed, 88; received as Legate, ib.; chief minister, 98, 99; suspected by the Pope, 102; deprived of the legation, 145; dies, 165

Pole, Sir Richard, iii. 349

Pole, William de la. See Suffolk

"Politicals," the, iv. 139, 141-143

Poll-tax, ii. 311; renewed under Richard II., 316; resistance to, 319, 321; in 1641, v. 363

Pont-de-l'Arche seized by Henry V., iii. 33

Pontefract, Thomas of Lancaster executed at, ii. 195; Richard II. imprisoned at, iii. 7; Pilgrimage of Grace at, 323, 324

Ponthieu, Harold wrecked on coast of, i. 159; Charles IV. demands homage of Edward II. for, ii. 197; granted in full sovereignty to Edward III., 266; seized by Charles V., 285

Pontigny, St. Edmund of Canterbury at, ii. 42

Pontlevoi, battle of, i. 212

Pontoise, negotiations between France and England at, iii. 35; relieved by Talbot, 56

Poor Laws, Elizabeth's, iv. 276, 277

Pope, Alexander, vii. 204, 217, 294-297

Popish Plot, the, vi. 294-298, 311, 313

Porter, John, v. 82

Portland, Breton descent on, iii. 16

Portland, William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, third Duke of, viii. 104, 180, 189

Portland, Richard Weston, Earl of. See Weston

Port Mahon taken by the French, vii. 248

Portmannimote, the, i. 296; of Oxford, 306, 309

Porto Bello, capture of, vii. 219

Portreeve, the, i. 315; of London, 303

Portsmouth, Robert of Normandy lands at, i. 200; Bishop Moleyns of Chichester slain at, iii. 63

Portsmouth, Louise de Querouaille, Duchess of, vi. 176, 315, 321; vii. 5

Portugal annexed to Spain, v. 335; its colonies, 330, 336; revolts, vi. 190, 192; joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 119; conquered by Napoleon, viii. 185; Wellesley's campaigns in, 186-188, 190, 191

Portugal, Don Antonio of, iv. 367

"Post-nati," v. 162, 163

Powell, Vavasour, vi. 223

Powys conquered by Offa, i. 97; annexed by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, ii. 55

Poynings, Sir Edward, iii. 181

Pragmatic Sanction, the, vii. 199, 200

Prague seized by Frederick II., vii. 225; battles of, v. 220; vii. 248

Prayer, Book of Common, iv. 49, 59; set aside, 76; adopted in Scotland, 118; retained in Essex, 144; restored, 158; declared schismatic by the Pope, 214; bill for its reform, 292; restored again, vi. 208; Scottish, of 1636, v. 327, 328

Preachers, "poor," ii. 317, 335; unlicensed, forbidden by Convocation, iii. 20, 21

Presbyterianism in England under Elizabeth, iv. 294, 296; attempts to establish it, v. 58; its relations with Puritanism, 59, 60; established in Scotland, 137, 138, 140, 335; the Long Parliament's relations with, 354, 355; vi. 14, 50; re-established in Scotland, vii. 54

Presbyterians, their hostility to the sectaries, vi. 45; dominant position after the Restoration, 193; Clarendon's policy towards, 207; Charles II.'s, 209

Press, censorship of, iv. 343; liberty of, established, vi. 305; growth of its power, viii. 11-13

Preston, battle of, vi. 62; surrender of Jacobites at, vii. 184

Prestonpans, battle of, vii. 228

"Pride's Purge," vi. 65

"Priests, Simple," ii. 317, 339

Primers, English, iv. 40

Printing, introduction of, iii. 155

Prior, Matthew, vii. 138

Privy Seals, Elizabeth's, iv. 233

Proclamations, James I.'s use of, v. 168, 172

"Protector," office of, offered to Oliver Cromwell, vi. 100

Protestantism, its area at accession of Pius V., iv. 249, 250; in England, its advance under Edward VI., 59; effects of its spread among the people, 121, 122; growth under Elizabeth, 292, 302-305; position at her death, v. 107-109; in Germany, growth after Peace of Passau, 175; progress in Scotland, iv. 168, 169

Protestants, English, More's dealings with, iii. 289; their outrages, 343-345; their position after Cromwell's fall, iv. 15, 16; their outrages, 91, 97; martyrdoms, 91-96, 144; growth of extreme views among, 119, 120; attitude towards the royal supremacy, 122; position under Elizabeth, 149; refugees, their leaning to Calvinism, 127; strife among, ib., 128; their writings, 128, 129, 133; foreign, in England, 51, 74, 305; German, Union of, v. 177

Protestation of the Parliament to James I., v. 228, 229

Provisions of Oxford, ii. 61; of Westminster, 62; annulled by the Pope, 65; by Mise of Amiens, 68

Prussia, its alliance with England and France, vii. 199; attacked by Napoleon, viii. 174; rises against him, 201

Prynne, John, v. 305, 306, 329, 352

Pucklechurch, Eadmund the Magnificent slain at, i. 123

Puiset, Hugh, Bishop of Durham, i. 260

Pulteney, William, vii. 204

Puritanism, its beginnings, iv. 132, 133, 339; its relations with Presbyterianism, v. 59, 60; with Calvinism, 86-88; growth among the people, 88, 89; among the clergy, 89, 90; relation to politics, 91-93; influence on society, 94-95; on conduct, 95-97; its relation to culture, 97, 98; its narrowness, 101, 102; its extravagance, 102-104; its persecution of witches, 106, 107; its doctrinal bigotry, 115; hatred of sectaries, 116-118; wish for reforms, 118, 119; its ideal of the State, vi. 127, 128; its political failure, 129; reaction from, ib., 130, 142, 143, 162-165; its fall, 153; its after-results, 154; its epic, 235-237

Puritans, Elizabeth's relations with, iv. 339, 340; their temper at her death, v. 109, 110; appeal to James I., 151; Laud's dealings with, 295-297; their panic, 301, 302; migration to America, 310-314, 319, 320; Charles II.'s dealings with, vi. 208, 209

"Purveyance," ii. 290, 298

Pym, John, v. 262, 344, 345; his political theory, 346, 347; genius, 347, 348; carries Strafford's impeachment, 350; proposals for Church reform, 354; one of the "five members," 373; member of Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1; resists the abolition of Episcopacy, 14; agrees to the adoption of the Covenant, 14, 15; dies, 17; outrage on his corpse, 201

Quakers, persecution of, vi. 230, 231; their settlement in Pennsylvania, 335

Quarles, Francis, v. 303

Quebec, capture of, vii. 267, 268

Queen's County, English settlement of, iv. 111

Queensberry, William Douglas, first Duke of, vii. 19

Quiberon, battle of, vii. 265

Quinci, Saher de, Earl of Winchester, i. 343

"Quo warranto," ii. 117

Rachentege, i. 221

Radnor captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10

Raedwald, king of East Anglia, i. 59, 62

Rahere founds St. Bartholomew's Priory, i. 223

Raikes, Robert, viii. 47

Raleigh, Sir Walter, discovers Virginia, iv. 345; v. 307; sent to the Tower, 215; last expedition, ib., 216; death, 216; his History of the World, 4; Lives of, iv. 5

Ralph Niger, i. 174

Ramillies, battle of, vii. 126

Randolph, Sir Thomas, ii. 204, 210. See Moray

Rastadt, treaty of, vii. 141

Ratae (Leicester), i. 37

Ratisbon, conference at, iv. 101

Ravenspur, Henry of Lancaster lands at, ii. 379; Edward IV. lands at, iii. 141

Ray, John, vi. 167

Reading, John Cook, abbot of, hanged, iii. 350

Redman, Robert, his Life of Henry V., ii. 179

Reeves of towns, i. 296; of royal demesnes, summoned to council at St. Albans, 339

Reformation in England, iv. 58-60; in Ireland, 62, 63. See Calvinism, Calvinists, Huguenots, Lutherans, Protestantism, Protestants

Reginald, sub-prior of Canterbury, chosen archbishop, i. 329

Religion of the old English people, i. 22-24; Christian, see Christianity, Church; revival in twelfth century, 222

Remonstrance, the Grand, v. 369, 370; of the Council of officers, vi. 64; on the State of the Realm, v. 262, 264

Renascence, the, iii. 188-190, 195; its influence on English literature, v. 1-3

Reole, La, captured by Henry of Derby, ii. 234

Representation, principle of, in old England, i. 20; parliamentary, its origin, ii. 149, 150

Representation, Humble, of the army, vi. 53

Repyngdon, follower of Wyclif, ii. 340, 341

Requesens, governor of the Netherlands, iv. 300, 301, 310

Reresby's Memoirs, vi. 157

"Reserves," Papal, ii. 28

Revolution, the English, its effect on the monarchy, vii. 60; on Parliament, 62; on the Church, 63, 64; the French, see France

Reynolds, Edward, Bishop of Norwich, vi. 200

Rhode Island, settlement of, v. 313

Rhys ap Tewdor, Prince of South Wales, i. 246; ii. 48

Rich, Edmund. See Edmund

Richard (I.), born at Oxford, i. 259; rebels against Henry II., 254, 258; crowned, 259; releases the Scot-king from homage, ii. 134; crusade, i. 259, 261; prisoner, 261; homage to the emperor, 262; return, ib.; exactions for his ransom, 350; character, 263; struggle with Philip Augustus, ib., 264; builds Chateau-Gaillard, 265-267; death, 267, 268

Richard (II.), son of the Black Prince, ii. 303; his claim to the succession questioned, 306; acknowledged by Parliament, 307; king, 311; dealings with the Peasant Revolt, 322-324, 331, 332; his person, character, and policy, 350, 351; opposition to the Parliament, 352; struggle with Gloucester, 353, 354; his rule, 354, 355; campaign in Ireland, 367, 378; change in his temper, 368; marries Isabella of France, ib.; quarrel with the Commons, 370, 371; tyranny, 372; seizes Lancastrian estates, 373; second expedition to Ireland, 379; return, 380; betrayed to Henry of Lancaster, 381; deposed, iii. 1; prisoner at Pomfret, 7; death, 8; burial, 28; authorities for his reign, ii. 178, 179

Richard (III.), Duke of Gloucester, patron of Caxton, iii. 161, 163; expedition to Scotland, 163; Protector, 164; King, ib.; rising against him, 167; his policy, 168, 169, 171; death, 172

Richard, Earl of Cornwall, ii. 36; heads reforming party among the barons, 37; king of the Romans, 71; taken prisoner, ib.; spared, by the younger Simon, 80; intercedes for him, 85

Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy, i. 155, 156

Richard Fitz-Neal. See Fitz-Neal

Richard of Devizes, i. 174

Richardson, Chief-Justice, v. 297

Richardson, Samuel, vii. 297

Richelieu, Cardinal, v. 274, 338, 339

Richelieu, Duke of, vii. 248

Richmond, Edmund Tudor, Earl of, iii. 165

Richmond, Margaret, Countess of. See Beaufort

Ridley, Bishop of London, iv. 91

Ridolfi, Robert, iv. 265, 272, 273

Right, Claim of, vii. 51; Petition of, v. 260, 261, 263

Rights, Book of, i. 8

Rights, Declaration of, vii. 46, 47, 60

Rishanger, chronicler, i. 273, 274

Rising, Castle, Queen Isabella imprisoned at, ii. 207

Rivers, Sir Richard Woodville, first earl (see Woodville), iii. 127, 134

Rivers, Anthony Woodville, second earl (see Scales), iii. 161-163

Rivoli, battle of, viii. 125

Rizzio, David, iv. 222, 226, 228

Robartes, Richard, first Lord, v. 200

Robartes, John, second Lord, vi. 220, 301

Robert I., king of Scots. See Bruce

Robert (II.), Steward of Scotland, ii. 213; king, 286

Robert III., king of Scots, iii. 7, 15, 16

Robert (the Magnificent), Duke of Normandy, i. 157

Robert, son of William the Conqueror, i. 190; Duke of Normandy, 191; pledges Normandy to Rufus, 197; goes on crusade, ib.; returns, 198; invades England, 200, 201; defeated at Tenchebray, 202

Robert, Earl of Gloucester, i. 216, 217, 219, 220

Robespierre, Maximilien, viii. 96

Robinson, John, v. 308

Rochelle, La, protests against severance from France, ii. 280; surrendered to France, 287; attempt to relieve it, 291; revolts, v. 256; siege of, ib.; English expeditions to, 259, 263; surrenders, 266, 274

Roches, Peter des, Bishop of Winchester and justiciar, i. 341, 347; ii. 32, 34

Rochester surrenders to William the Red, i. 192; to John, 354; diocese of, i. 83

Rochester, Robert Carr, Viscount, v. 190-193. See Somerset

Rochester, Laurence Hyde, Earl of (see Hyde), vii. 2, 20, 98

Rochester, John Wilmot, second Earl of, vi. 162

Rockingham, Charles Watson Wentworth, second Marquis of, prime minister, vii. 329, 331; relations with Burke, 332; resigns, 339; draws away from Chatham, viii. 16; returns to office, 38; opposes reform, 64; death, 65

Rocroi, battle of, vi. 190

Rodney, Admiral, viii. 40

Roger, Bishop of Salisbury and justiciar, i. 215, 218, 219

Roger (the Poor), chancellor, i. 218

Rogers, John, iv. 91, 95

Roland, Song of, i. 163

Romance, growth of, i. 246, 247

Romances, the French, ii. 357; their influence on Chaucer, 360

Rome, disappearance of its influence in England, i. 41, 44, 45; returns with Augustine, 58, 59; AElfred's intercourse with, 113; stormed by the Duke of Bourbon, iii. 269

Romorantin taken by the Black Prince, ii. 261

Romsey, Abbey of, i. 199

Rookwood of Euston Hall, iv. 308

Roper's Life of More, iii. 83

Rosbecque, battle of, ii. 349

Roses, Wars of the, their beginning, iii. 77; their results, 86, 87

Ross, General, viii. 204

Rossbach, battle of, vii. 263

Rostopchin, Count, viii. 162

Roucoux, battle of, vii. 231

Rouen, William I. dies at, i. 190; besieged by Lewis VII., 254, 255; Arthur murdered at, 268; siege of, by Henry V., iii. 33, 34; Jeanne d'Arc burnt at, 54; Henry VI.'s court at, 55; besieged by Henry IV. of France, iv. 371; relieved by Parma, ib.

Rouergue restored to Edward III., ii. 266

"Roundheads," v. 372

Roundway Down, battle of, vi. 6

Royal Society, its beginnings, vi. 132, 165, 166

Rudolf II., Emperor, v. 177

Runnymede, i. 347

Rupert, Prince, captures Brentford, vi. 3; his raid on Buckinghamshire, 9, 10; Bristol surrenders to, 12; defeated at Marston Moor, 19, 22; commands royalist ships, 71, 78; struggle with Blake, 78; sea-fights with the Dutch, 238, 277; returns to the Council, 278; his "drops," 166

Rushworth's collection of State papers, v. 72

Russell, John, Lord, iv. 47, 56. See Bedford

Russell, William, Lord, head of the Country party, vi. 272; correspondence with Barillon, 298; takes office, 300; supports the Exclusion, 306; resigns, 315; beheaded, 337; his attainder reversed, vii. 66

Russell, Edward, signs the invitation to William III., vii. 35; goes to the Hague, 37; commands the fleet, 77; victory at La Hogue, 78; member of the Junto, 85, 88; resigns, 98; impeached, 105

Russia, its alliance with Maria Theresa, vii. 246; treaty with George II., 247; invaded by Napoleon, 198, 200

Russia Company, iv. 284

Ruthin burnt by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10

Ruthven, Patrick, third Lord, iv. 225, 228, 230

Rutland, Edward, Earl of (Duke of Albemarle), iii. 7, 8. See Albemarle

Rutland, Edmund, Earl of, iii. 78

Rutland, John Manners, ninth Earl of, vii. 23

Ruyter, Admiral De, his fights with Blake, vi. 88, 115; with Monk and Rupert, 238; with the Duke of York, 268

Rye-House plot, vi. 337

Rygge, Robert, chancellor of Oxford, ii. 340

Ryswick, Peace of, vii. 90, 91

Sacheverell, Dr., vii. 137

Sackville, Lord John, vii. 265

Saeberht, king of the East Saxons, i. 59

St. Albans, risings of townsfolk at, ii. 84, 322, 325, 330-332; battles at, iii. 73, 74, 78; chroniclers of, i. 174, 273; ii. 43, 177; council at, i. 339; Parliament at, ii. 66

St. Andrews, Cardinal Beaton murdered at, iv. 33

St. Asaph's, John Trevor, bishop of, iii. 10

St. Cloud, battle of, iii. 23

St. Domingo discovered, iv. 329; English descent on, vi. 117

St. Edmundsbury, abbey of, i. 104; town of, 311-313; battle near, 254; meeting of barons at, 344; strife of town and abbey, ii. 325-330

St. John, Henry, vii. 124; his political writings, 138; returns to office, 139; intrigues against Marlborough, 140. See Bolingbroke

St. John, Oliver, v. 341, vi. 81

St. Leger, Sir Anthony, iv. 62

St. Lucia conquered by England, vii. 307

St. Malo, John of Gaunt defeated at, ii. 315

Saintonge restored to Edward III., ii. 266; won by Du Guesclin, 287

St. Pierre, Eustache de, ii. 245

St. Pol, Waleran, count of, iii. 6

St. Quentin, battle of, iv. 108

St. Ruth, General, vii. 73

St. Vincent, Cape, battles of, viii. 40, 127

St. Vincent, island of, conquered by England, vii. 307

Saladin tithe, i. 257

Salamanca, battle of, viii. 199, 200

Salisbury, cathedral at, ii. 106; Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96

Salisbury, Margaret, countess of, iii. 349

Salisbury, Robert Cecil, first earl of. See Cecil

Salisbury, James Cecil, third earl of, vi. 288

Salisbury, William Longsword, earl of, i. 337, 342, 343, 345

Salisbury, William de Montacute, second earl of, ii. 306, 345, 352

Salisbury, John de Montacute, third earl of, ii. 380; iii. 8, 9

Salisbury, Thomas de Montacute, fourth earl of, iii. 45

Salisbury, Richard Neville, earl of, iii. 73, 74, 75, 78, 112

Salt-springs in Worcestershire, ii. 107

Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, vii. 30, 45, 65

Sanders, Nicholas, iv. 316

Sandwich, Edward Montagu, first earl of, vi. 193, 214

San Graal, poem of the, i. 174, 247

San Sebastian, siege of, viii. 202

Santa Cruz, Blake's victory at, vi. 124

Saratoga, Burgoyne's surrender at, viii. 26

Sardinia conquered by Spain, vii. 187; the duke of Savoy made king of, 188

Sarsfield, Patrick, vii. 72, 73

Sarum, Old, captured by the West Saxons, i. 37

Saunders, Lawrence, iv. 91

Sautre, William, iii. 5

Savile, Sir Henry, v. 229

Savile, Sir John, v. 284

Savoy joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 119; joins the Triple Alliance, 187, 188

"Savoy," the, ii. 32, 263, 321; conference at, vi. 204

Saxe, Marshal, vii. 226, 231

Saxons, their early home, i. 10; attack Britain, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34. See East Saxons, Middle Saxons, South Saxons, West Saxons

Saxony, Frederic III., elector of, iii. 254

Saxony, Maurice, Duke of, iv. 50, 51, 64

Say and Sele, James Fiennes, first Lord, iii. 66

Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, first Viscount, v. 320, 354, 358; vi. 194

Scales, Anthony Woodville, Lord, iii. 130, 131. See Rivers

Scarborough, Piers Gaveston besieged in, ii. 190; peasant revolt at, 324

Schmalkald, League of, iii. 336; iv. 36, 50

Scholasticism, ii. 21, 22; its political influence, 22, 23

Schomberg, duke of, vii. 70, 71

Schools, English language supersedes French in, ii. 356, 357; founded by AElfred, i. 114; under Henry VIII., iii. 200, 201; under Edward VI., 201; iv. 62; under Elizabeth, iii. 201; at Bec, i. 159; at Canterbury, 92; at Jarrow, 91; at York, ib.; of the Friars, ii. 14; Sunday, viii. 47

Science, physical, Roger Bacon's plea for, ii. 20; its beginnings in England, iii. 190; vi. 131, 132, 166, 167

Scone, crowning-place of the Scottish kings, ii. 162; Robert Bruce crowned at, 173; Edward Balliol crowned at, 210; Charles II. crowned at, vi. 82.

Scotland, its relations with William the Conqueror, i. 189; with William Rufus, 197; three divisions of the kingdom, ii. 131; relations with England in eleventh and twelfth centuries, 132-134; English claims to its homage, 134, 135; claimants of the crown, 136; Edward I. acknowledged as its overlord, 137; question of appeals from, 140; relations with France during Hundred Years' War, 141, 197, 213; submits to Edward I., 161; rises against him, 167-170; its overlordship claimed by the Pope, 170; Edward's first conquest and settlement of, 171, 172; his plan for its representation in English Parliament, 171; rises again, 173; Bruce's successes in, 191-193; truce with England, 196; renewed strife, 204; its independence recognized, 205; struggle with Edward III., 210-214; David Bruce's plans for the succession, 264; relations with Henry IV., iii. 7, 9; with Owen Glyndwr, 11; condition after Neville's Cross, 182, 183; relations with France and England, 184; with Henry VII., 185; condition after 1524, iv. 22, 23; league with France, 23; relations with Henry VIII., 26-28; Hertford's invasion of, 29; Somerset's relations with, 52, 53; Protestantism in, 111, 112, 115, 117; condition under Mary of Guise and the Lords of the Congregation, 168, 169; strife of religions in, 218; unites against Mary, 245; condition during minority of James VI., v. 122, 124; work of the Stuarts in, 125, 126; political effect of the Reformation in, 127; character and rise of the people, 129, 130, 135; proposal for its union with England, 154; relations with Charles I., 325-328, 330, 333, 334; revolution in, 334, 335; rising in, 337; seeks help of France, 338, 339; struggle with Charles, 341, 342; pacification, 363; Charles I. in, ib., 364; treaty with the English Parliament, vi. 14, 16; first union with England, 85, 108; its first representation in the English Parliament, 99, 101; condition under Cromwell, 108, 109; its union with England dissolved, 180; Covenant abolished and Episcopacy restored in, 181; policy of Lauderdale in, 259; condition under James II., vii. 16, 17; William III. recognized as king in, 51; Jacobite risings in, 52, 183, 228-230; Presbyterianism restored in, 54; union with England, 127-129

Scots, i. 31; submit to Eadward the Elder, 119; league with Cumbrians and Welsh against AEthelstan, 119, 120; alliance with Eadmund, 123; conquer northern Northumbria, 146; cession of Lothian to, its results, 147; invade England, 217, 254; their mode of warfare, ii. 204, 205; recapture Berwick, 259, 263; defeated at Homildon Hill, iii. 12; besiege York, vi. 18; besiege Newcastle, 23; give up Charles I. to the Parliament, 49; invade England again, 62; defeated at Preston, ib.

Scrope, Henry, Lord, iii. 30

Scrope, Richard, Archbishop of York, iii. 18

Scutage, i. 233, 257, 344, 350, 351; ii. 104

"Sea-dogs," the, iv. 331-333

Sectaries, their rise, v. 117; in London, vi. 28

Sedgemoor, battle of, vii. 10

Sedley, Sir Charles, vi. 163

Selden, John, v. 306, 322

Seminary priests, the, iv. 307-309, 354; banished, v. 156

Senlac, i. 162, 163

Serfs, manumission of, i. 325. See Villeins

Seven Years' War, its beginning, vii. 248; its importance, 273-275; its end, 307

Seville, Treaty of, vii. 200

Seymour, Sir Edward, vi. 253

Seymour, Jane, iii. 326, 351

Seymour, Thomas, Lord, iv. 47, 56

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley, Cooper, first earl of (see Ashley Cooper), Lord Chancellor, vi. 271; speech on the war, 272; relations with the king, 275; change of policy, 276, 277; dismissed, 278; his plans, 279, 280; committed to the Tower, 288; released, 295; attitude towards the Popish plot, 295-297; correspondence with Barillon, 298; President of the Council, 300; supports the Exclusion, 306, 307; project for Monmouth's succession, 309, 310; dismissed again, 311; revives the plot, 312, 313; struggle with Charles, 313-315, 321, 324; arrested, 324; bill of his indictment thrown out, 334; popularity in London, ib.; flight and death, 336

Shakspere, William, his early life, v. 27-31; first plays, 31-35; historical plays, 35-36, 38-40; attitude towards religion, 37, 38; political sympathies, 39, 40; prosperity, 41, 42; gloom, 42-44; last plays, 45, 46; demand for his works in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, vii. 292

Sharp, Rev. Dr., vii. 18

Shaxton, bishop of Salisbury, iii. 336, 347

Shelburne, William Fitzmaurice, second earl of, President of the Board of Trade, vii. 315-319; protests against the prosecution of Wilkes, 318; resigns, 319; advocates repeal of the Stamp Act, 331, 338; takes office under Chatham, 340; resigns office, viii. 6; heads a ministry, 65; makes peace with America, ib.; resigns, 66. See Lansdowne

Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury, vi. 162

Sheriffmuir, battle of, vii. 183

Sheriffs, their position under William I., i. 185; appointment regulated by Provisions of Oxford, ii. 61; functions in the shire-court, 149; disqualified from serving in Parliament, 300

Ship-money, v. 317; Laud's developement of, 318; Hampden's resistance to, 323; its legality asserted by the judges, ib.; trial of Hampden's case, 324, 330; judgement on, 331; declared illegal, 352

Shires, i. 185; restriction of franchise in, iii. 101, 102; the six, of York, i. 295

Shire-court. See County Court

Shire-reeves, i. 131

Shirley, James, v. 303

Shore, Jane, iii. 117

Shrewsbury (Pengwern), i. 98; castle at, 168; reduced by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, ii. 55; Parliament at, 121, 371; battle of, iii. 14; Charles I. at, vi. 2

Shrewsbury, John Talbot, first Earl of (see Talbot), iii. 70, 71

Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, twelfth Earl and first Duke of, vii. 23, 28; signs the invitation to William, 35; sends him funds, 37; Secretary of State, 67; negotiates with James, 77; member of the Junto, 88; President of the Council, 146

Shropshire ravaged by the Welsh, iii. 19

Sicily, crown of, offered to Edmund of England, ii. 59; ceded to Savoy, vii. 142, 186; conquered by Spain, 187

Sidmouth, Henry Addington, first Viscount (see Addington), viii. 174, 179, 183

Sidney, Algernon, supports the Independents, vi. 45; relations with Lewis XIV., 229, 298; holds meetings with Monmouth, etc., 336; beheaded, 337; his attainder reversed, vii. 66

Sidney, Sir Henry, iv. 241

Sidney, Sir Philip, v. 6, 7, 11, 12

Sikhs, the, vii. 234

Simeon of Durham, i. 6, 173, 243

Simnel, Lambert, iii. 176

Siward, Earl of Northumbria, i. 150, 152, 153

Sixtus V., Pope, iv. 353

Skeffington, Lord Deputy in Ireland, iii. 328

Skelton, John, iii. 273; iv. 43

Slanning, Sir Nicholas, vi. 6

Slave-trade at Bristol, i. 250; negro, its beginning, iv. 283; in the eighteenth century, viii. 52; proposals for its abolition, ib., 79; abolished, 178, 179

Slavery in Old England, i. 16, 17; dies out, 321, 322

Sluys, sea-fight off, ii. 228

Smerwick, slaughter of its garrison, iv. 316

Smith, Adam, viii. 73

Smith, John, settler of Virginia, v. 307

Smith, Sir Sidney, viii. 141

Smithfield, Priory of St. Bartholomew at, i. 223; Archbishop Boniface's visitation of, ii. 32

Smollett, Tobias, vii. 297

Snowdon, Lords of, ii. 53

Solway Moss, battle of, iv. 25

Somers, John, vii. 46; member of the Junto, 85; Lord Keeper, 88; retires, 98; impeached, 105; arranges the Union with Scotland, 128; President of the Council, 133; of the Royal Society, vi. 166; death, vii. 182

Somerset conquered by West Saxons, i. 90; rises against William I., 168; lead-mines in, 30

Somerset, John Beaufort, Earl of, (Marquis of Dorset), iii. 7

Somerset, John Beaufort, first Duke of, iii. 59

Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, second Duke of (see Beaufort), Regent of France, iii. 62; recalled, 67; arrested, 68; released, ib.; captain of Calais, 69; committed to the Tower, 71, 72; released, 72; slain, 74

Somerset, Henry Beaufort, third Duke of, iii. 78, 80, 126

Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, fourth Duke of, iii. 140, 143-145

Somerset, Robert Carr, Earl of (see Rochester), v. 193, 204-207

Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of (see Hertford), iv. 46; Protector, 47; his policy, 48, 53, 54; relations with Scotland, 52; victory at Pinkie Cleugh, 513; revolts against, 55; his misrule, 56; fall, 57; beheaded, 65

Somerset, Charles Seymour, sixth Duke of, vii. 21, 146

Somerset, Frances, Countess of. See Howard

Somerset, Margaret, Duchess of, iii. 161

Somerton captured by AEthelbald, i. 91

Somerville, plotter, iv. 350

Soranzo's Despatches, iv. 3

Sophia, Electress of Hanover, vii. 103, 144

Soult, Marshal, viii. 188, 200, 202

Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, first Earl of (see Wriothesley), iv. 47

Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of, v. 41, 43

Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, fourth Earl of, vi. 193, 244

South-Engle, i. 37, 119

Southey, Robert, viii. 135

South-folk, i. 42

South-Saxons, kingdom of, i. 34

South Sea Bubble, vii. 192

Southwark burnt by William the Conqueror, i. 165; Bishop Beaufort's palace at, attacked, iii. 44

Spain, its relations with Aquitaine and France, ii. 281, 282; Edward III.'s policy in, 282, 283, 287; its growth under Ferdinand and Isabel, iii. 186; its greatness under Philip II., iv. 325-327; possessions in the New World, 329; ruin of its power, 366; its relations with James I., v. 212-214, 226, 227, 230-233; decline, vi. 113, 190; Cromwell's war with, 117; relations with Charles II., 187; with Lewis XIV., 249, 250; joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 49; dispute for the succession in, 90, 92-94, 98, 99; English descent on, 118; Peterborough's campaign in, 126; attempts to regain its lost possessions, 186-188; end of the succession quarrel, 188; relations with Austria, 199, 200; with France, 213-216; efforts to regain monopoly of trade in America, 216, 217; war with England, 219, 306; cedes Florida, 307; league with France and America, viii. 30; mastered by Napoleon, 185; rises against him, 186; Wellesley's campaigns in, 187, 188, 199, 200; the French driven from, 202

Speed's Chronicle, v. 4

Spencer, George John, second Earl, viii. 104, 156

Spenser, Edmund, v. 11-19

Spice Islands conquered by England, viii. 112

Spinola, Ambrogio, v. 219, 220

Spires, Diet of, iv. 19

Sports, Book of, v. 296

Spottiswood, Archbishop of St. Andrews, v. 326

Sprigge's Anglia Rediviva, v. 73

Spurs, battle of the, iii. 210

Stafford fortified by AEthelflaed, i. 118

Stafford, William Howard, Viscount, vi. 321

Stafford, Henry, iii. 166

Stafford, Sir Humphrey, iii. 66

Stafford, Thomas, iv. 107

Stair, John Dalrymple, second Earl of, vii. 229

Stamford, one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117; submits to Eadward the Elder, 119

Stamford Bridge, battle of, i. 162

Stamford, Henry Grey, first Earl of, vi. 5

Standard, battle of the, i. 217; Harold's, at Senlac, 163, 164; of Wessex, the Golden Dragon, 96, 163

Stanhope, James, first Earl, vii. 182, 190, 192

Stanley, Thomas, Lord, iii. 171, 172

Stanley, Sir William, iii. 172

Staple, Gild of the, ii. 304; reform of, under Richard II., 355

Star-Chamber, Court of, i. 256; ii. 112; iii. 178; regulates the Press, iv. 343; developement under Charles I., v. 278; Laud's use of, 329; its civil jurisdiction abolished by Long Parliament, 363

States-General, the French, viii. 83; become a National Assembly, 86

Statutes substituted for Ordinances, ii. 298, 299; Petitions changed into, iii. 90; of Apparel, 65; of Appeals, 302; of Occasional Conformity, vii. 123; repealed, 184: Conventicle, vi. 220; Corporation, 207; Declaratory, vii. 338; of Economical Reform, viii. 64. 76; of First-fruits, iii. 302, 304; Five Mile, vi. 229; of Grace, vii. 69; Habeas Corpus, vi. 305, 306; suspended, vii. 184; viii. 105, 113; of Heresy, iii. 4, 5; repealed, iv. 61; re-enacted, 89; of Indemnity and Oblivion, vi. 194, 196, 204; of Kilkenny, ii. 377; of Labourers, 255; attempts to enforce, 289, 313; demand for their repeal, iii. 65; of Libel, viii. 92; of Liveries, iii. 118, 177; of Maintenance, ii. 355; iii. 105; of Merchants, ii. 122; Mutiny, vii. 61, 62; of Mortmain, ii. 118, 119; Navigation, vi. 86; vii. 310; Poor Laws, iv. 276, 277; Poynings', iii. 181; repealed, viii. 37, 39; of Praemunire, ii. 274, 355; of Provisors, 273, 275, 355; "Quia Emptores," 124, 151; "de Religiosis," 118; of Rights, vii. 60; Schism, 143; repealed, 184; of Security, 129; Septennial, 185; of Settlement, 103, 127; Stamp, 326, 327; American resistance to, 330; Pitt and Shelburne demand its repeal, 331; repealed, 338; of Succession, iii. 317; iv. 45, 67; of Supremacy, iii. 305; iv. 157; Test, iv. 215, 273, 308; vi. 273; James II.'s endeavours to procure its repeal, vii. 22, 23; Toleration, 64; of Treason, ii. 292; iii. 314, 319; Triennial, v. 352; vii. 88; of Union with Scotland, 128; of Union with Ireland, viii. 139; of Uniformity, iv. 159; vi. 208; of Uses, ii. 355; of Wales, 121; of Westminster, the first, 103; second, 122; third, 124; of Winchester, 122; against Witchcraft, v. 105, 106

Steam-engine, invention of the, viii. 57-59

Steel Yard, the, iv. 282

Steele, Richard, vii. 158

Steinkirk, battle of, vii. 79

Stephen of Blois, i. 214; chosen king, 215; crowned, 216; his charter, ib.; revolts against him, 216, 217; quarrel with the Church, 218, 219; struggle with Matilda, 219, 220; proposes to crown his son, 226; treaty with Henry, 227; death, 228

Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 161, 187

Stillingfleet, Edmund, vi. 252; vii. 19

Stirling, battle of, ii. 168; surrenders to Edward, 171; invested by Bruce, 191; Lords of the Congregation muster at, iv. 245

Stoke, battle of, iii. 176

Stokes, Peter, ii. 340

Stow, battle of, vi. 42

Stowe's Chronicle, v. 4

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of (see Wentworth), his war policy, v. 340-342; impeached, 350; trial, 356; attainder, 357; death, 361

Stralsund, siege of, v. 274

Strassburg seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335

Stratford-on-Avon, Shakspere's home at, v. 28, 41, 46

Stratford-le-Bow, Protestant martyrs at, iv. 144

Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 232

Strathclyde, its struggle with AEthelfrith, i. 60; submits to Eadward the Elder, 119

Streoneshealh. See Whitby

Strickland, member of Parliament in 1571, iv. 292

Strode, one of the "five members," v. 373

Strongbow. See Clare, Richard of

Strype's historical collections, iii. 84; iv. 3, 4

Stuart, Arabella, v. 121

Stuart, Charles Edward, vii. 227-230

Stuart, Esme. See Lennox

Stuart, James Francis, son of James II., vii. 34, 35; known as the "Old Pretender," 103; acknowledged as king by Lewis XIV., 106; attainted, 107; withdraws to Lorraine, 143; plans a rising in Scotland, 183; proclaimed as "James VIII." at Edinburgh, 228

Stuart, Lord James, Prior of St. Andrews, iv. 114, 199. See Murray

Stuarts, the, their work in Scotland, v. 125, 126; their lack of sympathy with England, 148, 149

Stubbs, John, iv. 337, 338

Stukely, Sir Thomas, iv. 315

Suchet, General, viii. 191

Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 320, 323

Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of, his campaign in France, iii. 247; policy at home, 270, 277; President of the Council, 286; marriage, iv. 46, 69

Suffolk, Frances Grey, Duchess of, iv. 69

Suffolk, Henry Grey, Duke of, iv. 65, 69, 82, 84

Suffolk, Thomas Howard, first Earl of, v. 191, 204

Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, Earl of. See Pole

Suffolk, William de la Pole, Earl of, iii. 59, 61-63

Sunderland, Robert Spencer, second Earl of, vi. 301; opposes the Exclusion, 307, 310; urges Charles II. to yield to it, 319, 321; relations with Charles, vii. 2; with James II., 12; betrays James to William, 37; urges the calling of a Parliament, 39; dismissed, 40; character, 82; his ministerial system, 83, 84, 98

Sunderland, Charles Spencer, third Earl of, ambassador at Vienna, vii. 125; Secretary of State, 131; his policy, 132; dismissed, 139; in the Stanhope ministry, 190

Surajah Dowlah, vii. 261, 262

Surrey, rising in, iii. 64

Surrey, Thomas Holland, Duke of (Earl of Kent), iii. 7, 8

Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of, iv. 42-45

Surrey, Thomas Howard, second Earl of, iii. 210. See Norfolk

Surrey, Thomas Howard, third Earl of, iii. 244, 248. See Norfolk

Surrey, Earls of. See Warenne

Sussex accepts Wulfhere's overlordship, i. 85; conquered by Ine, 90; rising in, iii. 64; Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96; ironworks in, iv. 279. See South Saxons

Sussex, Thomas Ratcliffe, third Earl of, iv. 111, 240, 241, 269

Swan, Edward I.'s vow on the, ii. 95, 173, 174

Sweden united under King Eric, i. 128

Swein I., king of Denmark, i. 140-143

Swein II., Estrithson, king of Denmark, i. 167

Swein, son of Earl Godwine, i. 150, 151, 152

Swereford, Alexander de, ii. 43

Swift, Jonathan, vi. 158; vii. 138

Swineshead, abbey of, i. 356

Swinford, Catherine, ii. 369; iii. 59

Sydenham, Thomas, vi. 166

Table, the Round, legends of, i. 247; of Edward I., ii. 95; of Edward III., 249, 290

"Tables," the, v. 331, 333

Taillebourg, battle of, ii. 35

Taillefer, i. 163

Tailors' gild at Exeter, i. 318

Talavera, battle of, viii. 188

Talbot, John, Lord, iii. 56, 63. See Shrewsbury

Taliesin, ii. 53, 57

Tallard, Marshal, vii. 120

Talleyrand, Maurice de, viii. 206

Tamworth fortified by AEthelflaed, i. 118

Tancred, king of Sicily, i. 260

Tangier ceded to England, vi. 192; English garrison withdrawn from, vii. 4

Taunton founded by Ine, i. 89; Blake's defence of, vi. 78; Monmouth at, vii. 9

Taxation under the Norman kings, ii. 104; under Richard I., i. 264, 350; under John, 330, 322, 351; regulated by Great Charter, 351; ii. 105, 145; under Edward III., 291; Wolsey's plans of, iii. 245, 246; character under Elizabeth, iv. 233; Parliament regains control over, vii. 60, 61; during the French war, viii. 114, 137; arbitrary, abolished, v. 352; indirect, its introduction and growth, ii. 105; of personal property, i. 257; ii. 105; of boroughs, 152, 153; of wool, 107; of America, schemes for, vii. 311, 326; viii. 3, 4, 14; papal, of the clergy, ii. 42

Taylor, Jeremy, vi. 134-137, 326

Taylor, Rowland, iv. 92-94

Teignmouth burnt by the French, vii. 76

Temple, Richard Grenville, second Earl, vii. 250, 304, 328, 339

Temple, Sir Peter, v. 323

Temple, Sir William, ambassador at Brussels, vi. 227; at the Hague, 249; Secretary of State, 301; reorganizes the council, 302-304; opposes the Exclusion, 307, 311; retires from politics, 315; assents to the Exclusion, 319; his Memoirs, 157

Tenchebray, battle of, i. 202

Testament, the New, Erasmus's edition of, iii. 213, 215

Tewkesbury, battle of, iii. 144, 145

Thames entered by northmen, i. 116

Thanes, gild of, at Canterbury, i. 299

Thanet, Jutes land in, i. 31, 32; Augustine lands in, 57, 58

Thanet, Thomas Tufton, sixth Earl of, vii. 23

Theatre, first public, in London, v. 22

Thegns, i. 50-52; of the royal household, 132

Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 223; legate, 225; his policy, 226, 227; study of law in his court, 283; retires from politics, 232; dies, 234

Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 81, 83, 84; his school at Canterbury, 92

Theology, revived study of, in thirteenth century, ii. 13, 14

"Theow," the, i. 322

Thirty Years' War, its beginning, v. 217, 219; its end, vi. 113

Thomas of Canterbury, St. See Beket

"Thorough," Stafford's, v. 292

Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas, iv. 175

Thurlow's State Papers, v. 73

Thurstan, Archbishop of York, i. 217

Ticonderoga, Fort, vii. 244, 266, 267

Tilbury, muster at, iv. 357, 359

Tillotson, John, vi. 169, 252; vii. 19; Archbishop of Canterbury, 65

Tilly, Count, v. 232

Tilsit, peace of, viii. 175

Tin, export of, from Cornwall, iv. 279; mines, i. 30; ii. 107

Tippermuir, battle of, vi. 23

Tippoo, Sultan of Mysore, viii. 131, 140

Tithes, introduction of, i. 84

Tithing, i. 322

Titus Livius, his Gesta Henrici V., ii. 179; iii. 41

Tone, Wolfe, viii. 120

Torbay, William of Orange lands at, vii. 40

Torgau, battle of, vii. 302

"Tories," origin of the name, vi. 315; their policy in 1689, vii. 45, 46; attack Marlborough, 138; their helplessness, 166, 167; withdraw from politics, 167, 168; return, 299; oppose the abolition of the slave-trade, viii. 179; govern during the war with Napoleon, ib., 180

Torres Vedras, Wellington's defence of, viii. 190

Torrington, Arthur Herbert, Earl of. See Herbert

Tortulf the Forester, i. 209

Tostig, Earl of Northumbria, 153, 160-162

Toulon, revolt of, viii. 109

Toulouse, battle of, viii. 202; war of, i. 233, 234

Touraine conquered by the Angevins, i. 212; by Philip Augustus, 269; ceded to France, ii. 63

Tournaments under Edward III., ii. 251

Tournay besieged by Edward III., ii. 228

Tours won by Geoffry Martel, i. 212; by Philip Augustus, 258; council of, 235

Tourville, Admiral, vii. 75, 78

Towns, English, their origin, i. 294, 295; early constitution, 296; common lands, ib.; relation to their lords, ib., 297; administration of justice in, 297, 313; emancipation, 300-302; struggle of classes in, 315-318; their liberties secured by Great Charter, 352; settlement of Friars in, ii. 10, 11; support Simon de Montfort, 68, 69; represented in county court, 73; representatives of, summoned to Parliament, ib.; taxation of, 152, 153; forced labour in, 257; strikes and combinations in, 267; support the House of York, iii. 76; restriction of franchise in, 99-101; Charles II.'s dealings with, vii. 3. See Boroughs

Townshend, Charles, second Viscount, Secretary of State and Prime Minister, vii. 182, 189; resigns, 190; returns to office, 191; Secretary again under Walpole, 193; turned out, 203

Townshend, Charles, vii. 247; takes office under Pitt, 250; deserts him, 303; President of Board of Trade, 310; refuses office under Grenville, 315; accepts it again under Chatham, 341; Chancellor of the Exchequer, viii. 3; death, 4

Townshend's Journal of Parliamentary Proceedings, iv. 5

Township, the Old English, i. 11

Towton, battle of, iii. 79, 80

Trade, English, under Eadgar, i. 138; growth after Norman Conquest, 177; regulated by Great Charter, 352; under Edward I., ii. 106, 107, 122; Richard's II.'s care for, 355; increase in fifteenth century, iii. 106; Edward's IV.'s laws for protection of, ib.; growth under Richard III., iv. 282; under Henry VII., ib.; under Elizabeth, 279-283; v. 77; struggle of the Commons for its freedom, 57, 58; Parliament gains control over, vii. 63; foreign, regulated by Statute of Staples, ii. 292; extension under Charles I., v. 281; effects of the Continental System on, viii. 177; effect of the American embargo on, 183; growth during the French war, 194; with English colonies in America, monopoly of, vii. 195, 241; with India, vii. 232; with Spanish America, 192, 216; Board of, established, 89. See Iron, Tin, Wool, Slave

Trade and Plantations, Board for, vii. 240

Trade-gilds, i. 316-318

Trafalgar, battle of, viii. 173

"Trail-bastons," ii. 116

Treasurer, the, origin of his office, i. 132; right of appointing, claimed for Great Council, ii. 38

Treaties, commercial, with Florence, iv. 282; with France, viii. 79

Trent, Council of, iv. 32, 35, 36; dispersed, 51; reassembles, 64; breaks up again, 65; reassembled again, 192

Tresham, Francis, v. 159

Tresilian, Chief-Justice, ii. 353

Trevanion, Sir John, vi. 6

Trevisa, John of, ii. 357

Trichinopoly, Clive's relief of, vii. 235

Triploe Heath, meeting of the army at, vi. 52

Tristram, story of, i. 247; rimes of, ii. 360

Trivet's Annals, i. 274

Trokelowe's Annals, ii. 177

Tromp, Martin, vi. 86, 88, 115

Tromp, Cornelius, vi. 277

Troyes, treaty of, iii. 35

Trussel, Sir William, ii. 199

Tudor, Edmund. See Richmond

Tudor, Henry. See Henry VII.

Tudor, Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, iii. 132, 143, 165

Tudor, Owen, iii. 165

"Tulchan-bishops," v. 137

"Tun," the, i. 11, 295

Tunstall, Cuthbert, iii. 256

Turenne, Marshal, vi. 124

Turgot, annalist of Durham, i. 243

Turin, siege of, vii. 131

Turkey, schemes for its partition, viii. 161, 162

Turks capture Constantinople, iii. 189

Turner, Sir James, v. 73

Tyburn, Roger Mortimer beheaded at, ii. 207

Tyler, Walter, ii. 319, 321, 323

Tyndale, William, iii. 258, 259

Tyrconnell, Richard Talbot, first Earl and Duke of, vii. 17, 55-57

Tyrone, rising in, v. 62

Tyrone, Con O'Neill, first Earl of, iv. 110, 240

Udall, John, iv. 343

Ulm, capitulation of, viii. 173

Ulster, John de Courcy in, ii. 374; rising in, under Hugh O'Neill, v. 61, 62; colonization of, 288, 289

Universities, rise of, i. 282; their cosmopolitan spirit, 290; democratic constitution, 291; relations with the Church, 292, 293; Friars at, ii. 13; revival of theology at, ib., 14; English, their decline during Wars of the Roses, iii. 98; the New Learning at, 201, 202; Henry VIII.'s appeal to, 291, 292; decline under Edward VI., iv. 62; James II.'s dealings with, vii. 24-26

Urban V., Pope, ii. 275

Uriconium burnt by the West Saxons, i. 38

Usher, Archbishop of Armagh, v. 290, 353; vi. 199

Utrecht, treaty of, vii. 141; Union of, iv. 312

Uxbridge, negotiations at, vi. 38

Vacarius, i. 283, 285

Valence, Aymer de, Bishop of Winchester, ii. 33

Valence, Aymer de, Earl of Pembroke, ii. 174, 183

Valence, William de, Earl of Pembroke, ii. 33

Val-es-Dunes, battle of, i. 158

Valois, Charles of, ii. 208

Vane, Sir Harry, the elder, vi. 102

Vane, Sir Harry (the younger), leader of the Independents, v. 354; vi. 45; negotiates with Scotland, 14, 108; opposes ordinance against heresy, 60; re-creates a navy, 78; his policy, 86, 89; attacks the Protectorate, 148; exempted from pardon, 195; executed, 204

Vannes, Henry of Lancaster sails from, ii. 373

Varangians, i. 167

Varaville, battle of, i. 158

Vassy, massacre of Protestants at, iv. 208

Vaudois, massacre of, vi. 123

Vendome, Louis Joseph, Duke of, vii. 134

Venner, leader of Fifth-Monarchy men, vi. 182

Verden, quarrel about, vii. 188, 189

Vere, Robert de (third Earl of Oxford), i. 343

Vere, Robert de (ninth Earl of Oxford), ii. 350, 351, 353; Duke of Ireland, 377

Vere, Sir Horace, v. 219

Vergil, Polydore, ii. 180

Verneuil, battle of, iii. 39

Verney, Sir Edmund, v. 369

Verney, Sir Ralph, v. 72

Vernon, Admiral, vii. 219, 221

Vervins, treaty of, v. 60, 62

Vesci, Eustace de, i, 335, 347

Vienne, John de, ii. 349

Village, the English, i. 10, 11; its organization after the Norman Conquest, 322

Villars, Marshal, vii. 134

Villenage unknown in Kent, ii. 320; demand for its abolition in the eastern counties, 321; dies out, 333; iii. 65

Villeneuve, Admiral, viii. 172

Villeins, i. 133, 321-323; their relations with the lord, 323-325; rise into yeomen, ii. 240, 241; attempts to check their enfranchisement, 256, 257, 266, 267, 335; revolt of, see Peasant Revolt

Villeroy, Duke of, vii. 125, 126

Villiers, George, v. 207-210. See Buckingham

Vimiera, battle of, viii. 187

Vinegar Hill, battle of, viii. 130

Virginia discovered, iv. 345; settled, v. 307, 308; heads resistance to the Stamp Act, vii. 330; remonstrates against taxation, viii. 14; adheres to England, 20

Vitoria, battle of, viii. 202

Voltaire, his visit to England, vii. 152

Volunteers, the Irish, viii. 37

Wace, i. 174, 247

Wake, Baldwin, ii. 84, 86

Wakefield, battle of, iii. 78

Walcourt, skirmish at, vii. 50

Walcheren, English expedition to, viii. 188

Walden, Roger, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 371

Wales, sources of its early history, i. 7; its struggle with Mercia, ii. 46; subject to the West Saxon kings, ib.; Harold's campaign in, i. 153, ii. 47; William I.'s, i. 189, ii. 47; William II.'s, i. 198, ii. 48; Henry I.'s dealings with, 48; Henry II.'s campaigns in, i. 232; ii. 53, 54; Gerald de Barri's account of, i. 245, 274; John's campaigns in, ii. 54, 55; national revival in, 49-58; Edward's first campaign in, 59; outbreaks in, 65, 66; Edward I.'s annexations in, 109; conquest of, 119-121; incorporated with England, 121; revolts, 142, 143; iii. 9-12; students from, at Oxford, i. 291; Council of, v. 168. See Welsh

Walker, Obadiah, vii. 25

Wall, the Roman, i. 30

Wallace, William, ii. 167-169, 171

Wallenstein, v. 274

Waller, Edmund, vi. 325

Waller, Sir William, defeated at Lansdowne Hill and Roundway Down, vi. 6; his reception by the Parliament, 13; joins Essex, 18, 19; defeated at Cropredy bridge, 22; retires, 35

Wallingford, treaty of, i. 227

Wallington, Nehemiah, v. 72, 73, 94

Wallis, Dr. John, vi. 132

Wallis, Captain, vii. 277

Walloons, fugitive Protestant, in England, iv. 51, 58

Walpole, Robert, vii. 134; his temper, 178; policy, 179-181; in the Townshend ministry, 182; resigns, 190; defeats the Peerage Bill, 191; returns to office, ib.; head of the Government, 192, 193; his peace policy, 193, 194; finance, 195, 196; his policy of inaction, 197; towards Catholics and Nonconformists, 198; relations with George II., 200; Excise Bill, 195, 201-203; his jealousy of his colleagues, 203; strives to avoid war, 215, 217; loss of his power, 218; consents to war with Spain, ib.; plans of alliance with Russia and Prussia, 220; fall, 222; rejects the project for an American Excise, 241

Walsingham, Sir Francis, iv. 119; v. 63

Walsingham's History, i. 274; ii. 177, 179; iii. 98

Walter of Coutances, Archbishop of Rouen, i. 260, 261, 266

Walter of Coventry, i. 273

Walters, Lucy, vi. 176

Walworth, William, ii. 312, 323

Wanborough, battle of, i. 90

Warbeck, Perkin, iii. 180, 181, 184, 185, 187

Ward, Dr. Seth, vi. 132

Wareham, northmen encamp at, i. 106

Warenne, William, sixth Earl of, i. 345

Warenne and Surrey, John, seventh Earl of, ii. 117

Warenne and Surrey, John, eighth Earl of, ii. 162, 168

Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, his patronage of the New Learning, iii. 196-198; protects Colet, 204; helps Erasmus, 212, 215; the seals offered to, 289; death, 303

Warner's Albion's England, v. 35

Warwick, Guy Beauchamp, second Earl of, ii. 187, 190

Warwick, Thomas Beauchamp, fourth Earl of, ii. 353, 370, 371

Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of (see Lisle), iv. 47; puts down revolt in Norfolk, 56; Protector, 57. See Northumberland

Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of, iii. 73, 75; defeated at St. Albans, 79; victor at Towton, ib., 80; his greatness, 112, 113, 118; character, 114, 115; policy, 119, 122; negotiations with Lewis XI., 123, 124; rivalry with the Woodvilles, 127; mission to France, 129; estranged from Edward, 131; submits to him, 132; intrigues with Clarence, 133; revolts, 134, 135; repulsed from Calais, 135; difficulties with Burgundy, 136; alliance with the Lancastrians, 137; lands at Dartmouth, 138; restores Henry VI., 139; slain, 142

Warwick, Edward Plantagenet, Earl of, iii. 175, 187

Warwick, Robert Rich, second Earl of, resists a forced loan, v. 255; plans to emigrate, 319; put in command of the fleet, 378

Warwick, Sir Philip, v. 72

Washington, George, his attack on Duquesne, vii. 243; takes it, 266; his influence in Virginia, viii. 15; his character, 21, 22; his defence of Boston, 23; evacuates New York, etc., 24; his campaign of 1777, 25; forces Cornwallis to surrender, 32

Washington city burnt by the English, viii. 204

"Water-beggars," the, iv. 298

Waterford besieged by Cromwell, vi. 77

Waterloo, battle of, viii. 208-211

Watling Street, i. 120

Watt, James, viii. 58

Waverley, Annals of, i. 273

Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 66

Weald, iron-mines in the, ii. 107

Wearmouth, Benedict Biscop's abbey at, i. 91, 92; plundered by northmen, 101

Weavers, gild of, i. 317; Flemish, in England under Edward III., ii. 226

Wedmore, Peace of, i. 107

Weights, uniformity of, enacted by Great Charter, i. 352

Welles, Sir Robert, iii. 135

Wellesley, Sir Arthur, his campaigns in Spain and Portugal, viii. 186, 188. See Wellington

Wellesley, Richard, Marquis (see Mornington), viii. 140; his devotion to Pitt, 71; words on Pitt's death, 174; Foreign Secretary, 189

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, first Viscount and Duke of (see Wellesley), his campaigns in Spain and Portugal, viii. 190, 191, 199, 200, 202; enters France, 202; campaign in Belgium, 207-211

Welsh, the, defeated by Cenwealh, i. 87; by Offa, 97; league with Scots and Cumbrians against AEthelstan, 119; rise against AEthelred II., 139; subdued by Harold, 153; ii. 47; rise against William I., i. 167; against John, 333, 334; ii. 55; national revival, 49-58; ravage Shropshire, iii. 19; Oxford students join Owen Glyndwr, 11; North, tributary to AEthelstan, i. 119, 120; West, become vassals of AEthelstan, i. 120; driven from Exeter, ib. See Britons, Wales

Welwood's Memoirs, vi. 158

Wendover, Roger of, i. 273; ii. 43

Wentworth, Paul, iv. 238

Wentworth, Peter, v. 56

Wentworth, Thomas, member for Yorkshire, v. 195, 260, 282-284; policy and character, 285-287; Deputy in Ireland, 290; his rule there, 290-292, 364, 365; returns, 338. See Strafford

Wenzel of Bohemia, king of the Romans, ii. 348

Wesley, Charles, vii. 207

Wesley, John, vii. 207-210

Wessex, its power under Ceawlin and Cuthwulf, i. 56; fall, ib.; attacked by Eadwine, 63; subdued, 64; greatness under Ine, 89, 90; civil strife in, 90; subject to Mercia, ib., 91; rises against AEthelbald, 96; anarchy in, 97; greatness under Ecgberht, 102; attacked by northmen, 103, 105, 106; revival under AElfred, 107, 112, 113; submits to Swein, 143; to Cnut, ib.; its Golden Dragon standard, 96, 163; earldom of, 146. See West Saxons

Westfold, Harald of, i. 128

West Indian Company, vi. 223

West Indies, English conquests in, vii. 307

Westminster, Eadward the Confessor's abbey at, i. 149; rebuilt by Henry III. ii. 25; completed under Edward I., 106; William I. crowned at, i. 166; the Scotch coronation stone removed to, ii. 162; refounded by Mary, iv. 106; Henry VII.'s chapel in, iii. 174; Assembly of Divines at, vi. 30; Caxton's press at, iii. 156; chapel of St. Stephen at, ii. 290; Chaucer's home at, 366; the Jerusalem Chamber at, iii. 25; Parliament fixed at, ii. 158; Provisions of, 62; Statutes of, 103, 122, 124

"Westminster, Matthew of," ii. 43

Westmoreland, Ralph Neville, first Earl of, iii. 14, 18

Westmoreland, Ralph Neville, fourth Earl of, iii. 323

Westmoreland, Henry Neville, fifth Earl of, iv. 162

Westmoreland, Charles Neville, sixth Earl of, iv. 268, 269

Weston, Lord Treasurer, v. 265; Earl of Portland, 276; revives monopolies, 279; success of his financial measures, 280; death, 315

Westphalia, kingdom of, viii. 185; treaty of, vi. 113, 187

West Saxons, foundation of their kingdom, i. 34; defeated by Arthur, ib.; defeated in a raid upon Chester, 38; take Old Sarum, 37; conquer Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, ib.; victory at Deorham, 38, 61; burn Uriconium, 38; driven back across Thames, 85; advance to south-west, 87; defeated at Bensington, 98. See Wessex

Wexford, massacre at, vi. 77; revolt at, viii. 129

Wharton, Philip, fourth Lord, v. 343; vi. 288; member of the Junto, viii. 85; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 133; death, 181

Whethamstede, Abbot of St. Albans, iii. 40

"Whiggamore Raid," vi. 62

"Whigs," origin of the name, vi. 62, 315; their policy in 1689, vii. 45; struggle with Marlborough and Anne, 132, 133; refuse peace, 136; dismissed from office, 139; invite Marlborough's aid, 145; their relations with the Church, 169; with the Crown, 172, 174; with Parliament, 175, 176; fidelity to the principles of the Revolution, 177; relations with public opinion, 289; with Pitt, 301; the "Old," viii. 104; in Scotland, their outrages, vii. 16

White, Sir Thomas, iv. 157

Whitefield, George, vii. 205, 209

Whitehall built, iii. 236

Whitelock, Bulstrode, v. 306, 322, 323; his Memoirs, 72

White Ship, wreck of the, i. 207, 208

Whitby (Streoneshealh), Hild's abbey at, i. 77; synod of, 79, 80; its effect on England, 80, 81

Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 341, 343; v. 58; his Articles, iv. 341, 342; v. 115, 116; Strype's Life of, iv. 4

Whittingham, Dean of Durham, iv. 127

Wight, Isle of, annexed to Sussex, i. 85

Wilberforce, William, viii. 48, 52

Wilfrid, St., i. 79, 92; Eddi's Life of, 4

Wilkes, John, vii. 249; his services to the Constitution, 313; attacks the Government in the North Briton, 314, 317, 318; arrested, 318; prosecuted for libel, ib.; flies to France, ib.; returned for Middlesex, viii. 5; imprisoned, 6; struggle with the Government, 7; with the House of Commons, ib., 8; his proposal for Parliamentary reform, 75

Wilkins, Dr. John, vi. 132, 166

William the Conqueror, duke of Normandy, i. 157; visits England, 158; subdues Maine and Britanny, ib.; his claim on England, 160; lands at Pevensey, 162; exploits at Senlac, 163, 164; chosen king, 165; crowned, 166; returns to Normandy, 167; risings against him, ib., 168; his vengeance on the north, 168, 169; march on Chester, 169, 179; master of England, 170; receives the Scot king's fealty, ib.; his character, 178, 179; rule, 179-181; dealings with feudalism, 181-185; with Old English judicial and administrative organization, 185; finance, 186; dealings with the Church, 187, 188; with Wales, 189; ii. 47; suppresses slave-trade at Bristol, i. 250; last war and death, 190

William the Red, king, i. 191; revolts against him, ib., 192; his rule, 192; dealings with the barons, 193; with the Church, ib.; with Anselm, 196; with Normandy and Scotland, 197; with Wales, 198; ii. 48; death, i. 198

William III., Prince of Orange, vi. 225; his youth, 269; repels the French invasion of Holland, 270, 277; his diplomatic success, 277; plans for his marriage, 283; defeated at Cassel, 289; marriage, 290; plans the Grand Alliance, 317; policy in England, ib., 318; visits England, 334; shelters Monmouth, vii. 8; forbidden to visit England, 12; relations with James II., 26-28; invited to England, 35; his preparations, 37; lands at Torbay, 40; his advance, 42; enters London, 44; calls a Convention, ib.; declines to be Regent, 46; the Crown offered to, 47; he accepts it, 48; his foreign aims, ib.; dealings with Scotland, 51; signs the warrant for the massacre of Glencoe, 53; relations with Parliament, 62, 63, 66, 69; campaign in Ireland, 71; goes to Flanders, 76; defeated at Steinkirk, 79; struggle with the Commons, 81, 82; treaty with Lewis, 90, 91; policy as to the Spanish succession, 92, 93; his unpopularity, 95; forced to send home his Dutch guards, 97; forms a new Grand Alliance, 107; his relations with Marlborough and Anne, 110; death, 112

William the AEtheling, i. 207

William the Lion, king of Scots, i. 255, 259; ii. 134

William Longsword, duke of Normandy, i. 155

William, son of Robert of Normandy, i. 203, 208, 213, 214

William of Jumieges, i. 6

William of the Long Beard, i. 319, 320

Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, v. 255, 353, 371

Williams, Roger, v. 312, 313

Willis, Thomas, vi. 166

Willoughby, Hugh, iv. 282; v. 9

Wiltshire, rising in, iii. 67

Wiltshire, Thomas Boleyn, Earl of, iii. 291. See Boleyn

Wiltshire, William Scrope, Earl of, iii. 18

Winceby, skirmish at, vi. 33

Winchelsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, opposes Edward I., ii. 163, 165, 170; head of the "Ordainers," 188

Winchester surrendered to William the Conqueror, i. 165; welcomes Stephen, 215; battle at, 220; pillaged by the younger Simon de Montfort, ii. 82; marriage of Philip and Mary at, iv. 86; AElfred's abbey at, i. 113; Wykeham's college at, ii. 307; the royal hoard at, 180, 188; Parliament at, ii. 66, 80, 82

Winchester, William Paulet, first marquis of, iv. 65

Winchester, John Paulet, fifth marquis of, vi. 42

Winchester, Charles Paulet, sixth marquis of, vii. 37

Windebank, Secretary of State, v. 351

Windham, William, viii. 104, 156, 171

Windsor Castle seized by John, i. 261; surrendered by Edward to the barons, ii. 67; rebuilt by Edward III., 252

Winter, Admiral De, viii. 127

Winthrop, John, v. 311, 313

Winwaed, battle of, i. 72, 73

Wippedsfleet, battle of, i. 33

Wishart, George, iv. 112

Witchcraft, belief in, v. 105; statute against, 105, 106; Puritan action against, 106, 107

Witenagemot, the, i. 19, 132, 134, 135

Wither, George, v. 303

Witt, John de, vi. 242, 249, 268, 269

Wolsey, Thomas, his rise, iii. 230; policy, 231; greatness, 236; his industry, 237; legate, 238; negotiations with Francis and Charles, 240, 243; hopes of the Papacy, 240, 241, 249; revives benevolences, 244, 251; demands a forced loan, 244; struggle with the Commons, 245; with the clergy, 246; his power shaken, 253; attitude towards Lutheranism, 261, 263; founds Cardinal College, 202, 263; action in the king's divorce, 269, 270; embassy to France, 271; negotiations with the Pope, ib., 272; his unpopularity, 273; commissioner for the divorce, 272; his fall, 279, 280; suppresses monasteries, 311; arrested, 292; death, 293; Cavendish's Life of, 83

Woodstock, Edmund, earl of, ii. 293

Woodstock, Thomas of, ii. 293. See Gloucester

Woodville, Elizabeth, wife of Edward IV., iii. 124, 167, 168, 171, 176

Woodville, Sir Richard, iii. 124. See Rivers

Woodward, John, vi. 167

Wool, grants of, by Parliament to the king, ii. 230; taxation of, 107, 164, 298; trade in, under Edward I., 107; under Edward III., 226; monopolized by him, 229; in the eighteenth century, viii. 53

Woolsack, the Lord Chancellor's, ii. 226

Worcester, rising at, under Harthacnut, i. 148; threatened by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 18

Worcester, Thomas Percy, earl of, iii. 13, 14

Worcester, John Tiptoft, earl of, iii. 162

Worcester, William of, ii. 179; iii. 40

Worcestershire, salt springs in, ii. 107

Wordsworth, William, viii. 135

Worms, diet at, iii. 254; Tyndale at, 260

Worsted trade, iv. 279

Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor, iv. 46. See Southampton

Wulfhere, king of Mercia, i. 78, 85-87

Wulfstan, St., bishop of Worcester, i. 192, 250

Wulfstan explores the coast of Esthonia, i. 113

Wurmser, General, viii. 123

Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the elder, iv. 42

Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the younger, iv. 82, 84, 85

Wycherly, William, vi. 157, 163

Wyclif, John, ii. 275-277; his treatise De Dominio Divino, 278, 279; commissioner for negotiations with the Pope, 303; his denunciation of Church property, 308, 309; summoned to trial for heresy, 309, 310; his "Simple Priests," 317; denies Transubstantiation, 337; condemned at Oxford, ib.; at Blackfriars, 339; his English tracts, 338, 356; petition to king and Parliament, 342; his Fasciculi Zizamorum, 178; Trias, ib.; his Bible, 178, 343; cited to Rome, 343; death, 344

Wykeham, William of, bishop of Winchester, ii. 302, 305, 307-309

Wykes's Chronicle, i. 274

Wyndham, Sir William, vii. 168, 184

Wolfe, General, vii. 267, 268

Yeoman, the English, ii. 240, 241

Yonge's (Walter) Diary, v. 71

York, capital of Roman Britain, i. 36; occupied by William I., 167; stormed by rebels, 168; massacre of Jews at, ii. 129; provincial council at, 120; Parliament at, 195; held for Elizabeth by Lord Sussex, iv. 269; Charles I. at, v. 337, 378; besieged by Manchester, Fairfax, and Leven, vi. 18; surrenders, 22; its common pastures, i. 296; school at, 91; six shires of, 295; four wards, 296

York, Edmund of Langley, Duke of (see Cambridge), supports Richard II., ii. 370; regent, 379

York, Edward, duke of (see Albemarle, Rutland), iii. 15

York, Frederick, duke of, viii. 108, 110, 140

York, Richard, duke of (see Cambridge), iii. 30; Regent of France, 56, 57; recalled, 60; sent to Ireland, 62, 63; returns, 67; struggle with Henry VI., 68-70; Protector of the Realm, 72; marriage, 73; rises in arms, ib.; Protector again, 74; raises his standard at Ludlow, ib.; flies to Ireland, 75; victory at Northampton, ib.; his claims to the crown, 75-77; slain, 78

York House (Whitehall) built, iii. 236

Yorkshire, Pilgrimage of Grace in, iii. 322; rise of manufactures in, v. 281

York Town, Cornwallis's surrender at, viii. 32

Young, member for Bristol in 1450, iii. 68

Zaragoza, siege of, viii. 187

Zorndorf, battle of, vii. 263

Zuerich Letters, the, iv. 4

Zutphen, battle of, iv. 349

Printed by R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, Edinburgh.



Transcriber's Notes:

This is the index for the 8 volume set of History of the English People. It was included at the end of Volume VIII in the original. For ease in accessibility, it has been removed and produced as a separate volume.

Words in italics in the original are surrounded by underscores.

The following corrections have been made to the text:

Page 213: AEthelflaed{original has AEtheflaed}, Lady of the Mercians

Page 222: under the entry, Burgundy, Philip III., withdraws his troops from siege of Orleans{original has Orleans}

Page 237: under the entry, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII., Parliament refuses to oust her from the succession{original has sucession}

Page 244: Gilbert, William, discovers terrestrial{original has terrestial} magnetism

Page 282: Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley{original has Wroithesley}, fourth Earl of

THE END