guillotined. 4. Eight hundred emigrants perish in crossing the Rhine. The States of Brabant require great contributions for the expence of the war. Bourdon de L'Oise complains, that the minister is still too monarchical, and he demands that one purely republican be appointed. The Prince of Talmond, one of the chiefs of the royalists, is taken by the republicans near Fougeres. The remains of his army joins the Chouans. The Chouans, who now begin to be distinguished, are so called from two brothers, gentlemen of that name, who were particularly active in levying troops in Brittany for the service of the royalists. 6. Mons. d'Espremenil, a counsellor of the parliament of Paris, and an ex-constituent, thrown into prison. General Cartaux sent to the Conciergerie. Chambon, comptroller of finances, complains that printing the names of emigrants on large paper is too expensive, and moves that the small octavo be used. Decree of accusation against Roncin and Rossignol, generals of the republic in La Vendee. The revolutionary tribunal of Lyons, to please the people, burns in effigy the Emperor, the Kings of England, Spain, Prussia, and Sardinia, Mr. Pitt, and the Pope. The city of Toulon is also burnt in the representation of a woman. La Mourette, intruding bishop of Lyons, guillotined. Herbert is convicted of having received from the national treasury, for his journal "Le Pere du Chesne," in June 1793, 123,000 livres, and in October 60,000 livres. 11. Thomas Payne and Anacharsis Cloots imprisoned in the Luxemburg. Ordered by the jacobin club of Paris, that all sarcasms and philippics, uttered in their tribune against the government and constitution of England, be printed and sent to the patriots in the three kingdoms. The convention decrees, that all inscriptions on monuments shall be in the French language. Decreed, that all property real and personal of the farmers-general shall belong to the nation. Pondicherry surrenders to the British. The president of the convention reads a letter from Vitre. "The souls of most of the royalists have "been sent to the Eternal Father; we are every day "destroying the Chouans, those infernal banditti." The French are active in restoring the lines of Weissembourg to cover the siege of Fort-Louis. The Baron Latude guillotined; he had lived many years in the Bastille, and was called the proof and victim of despotism. The committee of public safety remove Simon, the shoemaker, from the office of tutor and preceptor to the son of Louis XVI. confined in the Temple; and resolve that there is no need of any other in his place. A manufacture is offered to the convention of cloth made of two-thirds hair. 19. The chimney-sweepers request of the convention the release of Abbe Fenelon, who had been a father to them during 60 years. 21. The anniversary of the death of Louis XVI. is declared in the convention a day of glory. Between the 13th of December and the 24th of January, 325 persons were guillotined at Lyons, and 330 shot. Generals Wurmser and the Duke of Brunswick are succeeded by Generals Braun and Moellendorff. The female citizen Chapuis, daughter of the general, demands to serve as a dragoon. The Count d'Artois sends his diamonds to Marshal Broglio for the use of emigrants. Motion by Rhul against the Elector of Bavaria. A deputation of Americans demand the release of their countryman Thomas Payne. The president replies that he is an Englishman. 27. Decreed, that all castles in conquered countries which cannot be used as hospitals shall be burned. Decreed, that sixty-two millions of assignats shall be at the disposition of the war-minister 29. every month. And that 95,000 cavalry be raised for the next spring. 30. Upwards of three thousand peasants, prisoners from La Vendee, are guillotined or shot at Nantes. 31 Perigord Tayleyrand, bishop of Autun, ordered to leave England. Feb. 1. Mons. La Borde, the former court banker, and father of La Borde de Merville, an ex-constituent, is forced to purchase his liberty with a large sum of money. The opera of "Toute la Grece" is in great vogue—the story of it is, that Philip, seeing all Greece rising in a mass, begs for peace; Greece refuses to make peace with a King. Report to the convention, that excellent soap is made of potatoes. 4. Slavery abolished in all the colonies. Pichegru appointed commander of the army of the North in the room of Jourdan. The treasurer Cambon states to the convention that last year 4,885,764 livres were coined of copper and bell-metal. A deputation of blacks appears at the bar to be received as brethren. Decreed, that every officer and soldier, of whatever rank, shall have an equal quantity of provisions, a man having but one stomach. 7. The 48 sections of Paris appear at the bar to protest against any suspension of arms. All mints for coining money suppressed, except that of Paris. The commune of Chamberry sends to the convention twelve thousand marks [Footnote: Eight ounces each.] of silver, together with the sword of Prince Eugene, five feet long. Manifesto of the Germanic body to justify the war with France. The Prince of Talmond and fourteen priests guillotined. One of the two brothers, of La Vendee, from whom the Chouans took their name, is killed by the republicans. A bloody quarrel between the republican and revolutionary soldiers of the French army. The Vendeans obtain advantages at Cholet. The Duke and Duchess of Luynes, and Mons de Montmorency, an ex-constituent, imprisoned. A work is published under the sanction of the convention, proving that the national domains, that is, the estates of the king (sic), the nobles, the clergy, and the emigrants, are worth twenty milliards of livres. Deputies from the county of Mot Belliard demand its union with France. The old name of Marseilles is restored; it had been forfeited by a decree, and was called "Sans-nom." 18. The Abbe Maury is promoted to the dignity of cardinal. Troops sent from Paris to La Vendee receive orders to travel fourteen leagues a day. 20. Thomas Payne claims protection of the club of Cordeliers, who return for answer the vote he gave on the King's trial. Mons. du Chaffault, lieut.-general of marines, an officer of great services and high estimation, is massacred in Poitou at the age of eighty-five years. The convention, on the motion of Barrere, decree a political lent, in order to leave the more animal food for the sick and aged. A petition from Burgundy demands the death of young Capet. Death of Cardinal de Lomenie du Brienne, one of the earliest promoters of the revolution. St. Just makes a motion, the object of which is, to excite the people to murder and vengeance, for 1200 years of crimes which had been committed against them. Motion by Danton for an agrarian law. 26. Report upon La Vendee. It consists of sixteen departments of forty square leagues, between the Loire and the sea, from Painboeuf to Saumur. The sister of Mirabeau is reduced to solicit alms of the convention. March. Several sections of Paris complain to the convention of a scarcity of provisions. Decreed, that all the property of priests, either banished or imprisoned, be confiscated for the use of the state. Danton makes a flaming republican speech to the convention. All horses of the plough put in requisition. The number of prisoners in Paris amount to 6100. 9. The minister of justice proposes to institute a committee of insurrection, to overturn all the monarchies of Europe. The sale of the property of emigrants amounted in the year 1793 only to twenty millions of livres, not half the real value of the estates of one emigrant alone, the Duke de Montmorency. The number of victims destroyed by the guillotine or grape-shot at Lyons, to this date, amounted to somewhat more than five thousand. Populus, an ex-constituent, guillotined at Lyons. The clubs of the jacobins and cordeliers form an alliance. At Nevers seventy-four priests, who refuse to take the oath, are guillotined. At Dijon fourteen nobles suffer the same fate, because they used the titles of Count and Baron. The merchants of Bourdeaux are all arrested on the same day, and condemned to the guillotine; but are permitted to redeem their lives by paying one hundred millions of livres, to which they are forced to submit. 14. Robespierre invents a conspiracy, or pretended treason, in order to secure his authority. The wife of Momoro, who had played the part of first goddess of reason, guillotined. All strangers are banished from Paris. The Vendeans are beat on the left bank of the Loire by General Cordelier. The convention states the expences of 1793 to be at the rate of four hundred millions of livres a month. 15. Hebert and his partizans (sic) are arrested. The jacobins betray the cordeliers. 17. Herault de Sechelles guillotined. 21. The Emperor forbids his subjects to make any payments in France. 24. The island of Martinico submits wholly to the English. A secret is laid before the convention of removing the impression of ink from paper, and of rendering it as new. Wives of emigrants forbid to marry foreigners. Eight thousand men sent to La Vendee. The revolutionary army is disbanded. Means discovered to expel foul air, by burning common salt moistened with oil of vitriol. 30. The brother of Abbe (now Cardinal) Maury guillotined at Avignon. 31. Jourdan appointed commander in chief of the army of the Moselle. Barrere exclaims against atheism and irreligious principles. April 5. Danton, Camille des Moulins, Fabre d'Eglantine, De l'Aulnay, Chabot, La Croix, Philippeau, Bazire, and Julien, all voters for the King's death, delivered to the revolutionary tribunal, and guillotined. Danton, when asked his name and quality, replied, "a being now that in a few hours will be a non-entity." Camille des Moulins, being required to tell his age, replied, "the same as the sans-culottes Jesus, "34 years." Westerman, who stiled (sic) himself the conqueror of royalists, the Abbe d'Espagnac, and many others, are guillotined. 7. Formal entry of the Emperor into Brussels. Decreed, that the executive council be suppressed, as incompatible with republican government. Chambon states the expence, extraordinary and revolutionary, 1,600,000,000 livres. A deputation at the bar of the assembly demands, that death be the order of the day. The prisoners in Paris amount to 6763. Dumas, a deputy, pretends to point out a method of knowing a counter-revolutionist by his physiognomy. St. Lucia taken by the English. 9. Gobet, intruding bishop of Paris, guillotined. The honours of the pantheon voted to Rousseau. 12. The city of Oneglia taken by the French. St. Just, in the convention, asks the question "What is a King compared with a French citizen?" 14. The allies repulse the French on the Lys. The daughter of Sultan Achmet III. who had fled into France, and found refuge there during 64 years, obtains alms of the convention, viz. 6oo livres, (about 25l. sterling.) 18. Laborde, a wealthy banker who had several times redeemed his life by large sums of money, is guillotined. The principal members of the parliaments of Paris, and of Toulouse, are guillotined. 20. The woods of Vitre and Rennes burned to dislodge the royalists. 21. Gen. Beaulieu beats the French at Arlon. 22. Guadaloupe taken by the English. The old Mons. de Malsherbes, one of the generous defenders of Louis XVI. guillotined. 24. The allies beat the French near Cambray. 26. The Duke of York takes 35 pieces of cannon, and a French general; he kills 5000 men, and makes 3000 prisoners. To facilitate the sale of the lands of emigrants, they are divided into lots of three hundred livres each, and twenty years credit given. 28. The French seize Courtray the day of the annual fair, and get a great booty. 29. General Clairfait gains a considerable advantage, killing 3000 men, and taking several cannon. 30. Landrecy surrenders to the Emperor with a garrison of 6ooo men. In this month were executed, besides those mentioned already, Monsieur d'Espremenil, Chaumette, procureur of the commune of Paris, Gen. Arthur Dillon, Hebert and Simon, deputies, Gen. Roncin, Momoro, Anarcharsis Cloots, a deputy, Du Buisson, Goutte, an intruding bishop, Gen. Beisser, the Marquis of Chateau Briant, the Duchesses of Chatelet and Grammont, the Viscountess de Pont-Ville, Thouret and Chapellier, two very active revolutionists. Kosciusko puts himself at the head of a revolution in Poland. May 1. In the prisons of Paris 22,000 persons are confined, and in all the departments of France 653,000. The Duke de Biron, upon sentence of death being passed upon him by the revolutionary tribunal, cried out, "I deserve it, for having betrayed my "King and served his enemies." The Count du l'Aigle, being also condemned, said to the people, "It is not my head, it is bread and "your King that you ought to demand." Decreed, that all royal houses shall be kept for the use and enjoyment of the people. 10. Robespierre obtains decrees to admit the existence of a Supreme Being, and of the immortality of the soul; and for the establishment of decadary festivals. In La Vendee, General Haxo, after the example of General Moulin, blows his brains out, to avoid being taken prisoner. All letters coming into France are opened. From the 29th of April to the 4th of May, 109 persons are guillotined in Paris, and many more in the departments. In the valley of Aost, 6000 French were killed by the peasants of Piedmont. Barrere announces the capture of a Spanish camp, with two hundred cannon, and two thousand men. All the farmers-general are accused in a mass, and sent to the revolutionary tribunals, The town of Sargio and Piedmontese camp taken by the French. 11. Seventy-one persons, among whom are 27 farmers-general, are guillotined. Madame Elizabeth, sister of the late King, is carried before the revolutionary tribunal and interrogated, " What is your name?" "Elizabeth "Philippine Marie Helene de France." "Your quality?" "Aunt of the King." These last words are scarcely pronounced, when the tribunal condemns her to death. 12. The next day she is conducted to the scaffold, with 25 persons who were guillotined in her presence; it being directed that she should suffer the last. She died at the age of thirty years, and left a character of unblemished purity. Decreed, that all aged and infirm priests be kept in houses belonging to the republic. Report upon mendacity. Decreed, that the convention will efface the name of beggary and poverty from the annals of the republic. The town and citadel of Bastia taken by the English. The commune of Sens writes to the convention, that it has dug up all the bodies of the Capets that were interred in their cathedral, in order to bury them in ordinary ground. An address to the French nation is prepared by Barrere, and published by the convention, concluding with these words: "Let the English "slaves perish, and let Europe be free." 13. Revolutionary tribunals suppressed, except that of Paris. 14. L'Huillier kills himself in prison, and Rebecqui drowns himself—both active agents in the massacres of Avignon, and of the 2d of September. 15. Kaunitz forces the French to repass the Sambre with the loss of 5000 men. 18. The Duke of York, with 3500 men, is attacked by 15000 French, and forced to retreat. General Beaulieu, near Bouillon, kills 3000 French, and takes 700. 22. Battle near Tournay, lasts 16 hours; the French lose 12,000 men, and the allies 3000. A French army of 10,000 men penetrates into Luxembourg. 24. Kaunitz takes 80 cannon, kills 2000 French, and takes 3000. Insurrection of the patriots at Liege. The Emperor quits the army, and returns to Vienna. 29. Battle of Germersheim; the French lose 400 killed, and 600 taken prisoners. A plot to assassinate Robespierre and Collot d'Herbois fails of success; the former obtains a guard for his person. June 1. The British fleet under Lord Howe engages the French; the latter loses eight sail of the line. 2. The convention decrees, that no Englishman or Hanoverian shall be made prisoner in battle—no quarter to be given, but all without reserve to be put to the sword. The Duke of York communicates this barbarous decree to his army, in a manner that does honour to a soldier and to a man. The guillotine is destroyed by the people at St. Brieux, and the revolutionary tribunal expelled. 4. The French are routed near Charleroy with the loss of 4000 men. The man who saved Collot d'Herbois from assassination, obtains a pension of 1500 livres a year. Decreed, that the members of the convention, when on duty, shall wear marks of distinction. Proclamation of the Emperor to induce all Brabant to rise in a mass. A military school is instituted in the plain of Sablons near Paris. Decreed, that a new grammar be published, to give to the language of liberty a character that is suitable to it. 8. Jourdan, called Coupe-tete, general of the army at Avignon, guillotined. The son and daughter of Louis XVI. employed to make shoes and shirts for the nation. 10. General Clairfait is obliged to retreat. The French take Port-Vendre, Collieure, and St. Elme. 13. A festival to the Eternal. Robespierre acts the part of Pontiff. The ceremony is designed to satisfy the people, by putting an end to atheism. The members of the convention assume the distinction of a plume of feathers in the hat, and a three-coloured scarf. The French army in Maritime Flanders amounts to 170,000 men. The inviolability of the members of the convention is renewed. A large convoy from America with corn arrives in France. 16. The French lose 7,000 men in an action near Charleroy. Ypres surrenders to the French—this conquest opens all Brabant. The numerous forces opposed to the allies oblige them to retreat. 20. One milliard two hundred and five millions of livres in assignats issued. Port-au-Prince taken by the English. The dread of the guillotine causes fifty thousand persons to emigrate. 21. Commencement of a quarrel between Robespierre and Bourdon de l'Oise, and another between Tallien and Robespierre. Ninety-four nuns transported to Africa. Twenty-one members of the parliament of Toulouze (sic) guillotined at Paris. 26. Every thing in France is put in requisition, men, horses, provisions, and all sorts of property. 28. Some terrible conspiracy is supposed, and announced to the public in order to authorise new massacres. "Paris," says Barrere, "shall be henceforth the "city with a hundred gates; each gate shall "announce some triumph, or some revolutionary, "epoch". 29. The French besiege Charleroy. The number of persons guillotined this month is as follows. From the first to the ninth of June, 100 On the 9th, 22 10th, 30 11th, 33 12th, 8 13th, 20 From 14 to 17th 103 17 to 20th 50 On the 21st, 26 22d, 14 25th, 48 27th, 29 Total guillotined in Paris in the month of June 483

July Religious worship abolished at Liege, the priests banished, and the churches demolished. 3. Sir Gilbert Elliot receives the crown of Corsica in the name of the King of Great-Britain. Proclamation of the Stadtholder on the dangers which threaten Holland. A festival of the human race at Paris—it ends with adopting poor children. The French take Mons and Ostend; 87 persons guillotined. Newport also falls to the French—130 emigrants shot. Tournay taken by the same. The British 7. forced to evacuate Alost. Fifty persons condemned to death. 8. The Austrians quit Brussels; the French enter it, and retake Landrecy. Spires, Mechlin, and Louvain, abandoned by the allies. Sixty persons guillotined at Brest. Robespierre, in an address to the convention, is heard for the first time with coolness. The plunder of the churches of Brabant is sent to the convention, together with two millions of livres in specie from Mons. 18. Namur opens its gates to the French. 19. Revolution at Geneva. The convention is charged in its accounts with 150 reams of paper a day;—each of its decrees costs 83,000 livres; on the first of April last, 6800 decrees had been passed by the three legislatures. The members who compose the committee of public safety, at this time of havoc and universal terror, are Robespierre, Couthon, Billaud Varennes, Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, Lindet, Prieur, Carnot, and St. Just. 26. Robespierre denounces to the convention one hundred of its members. A party instantly rises against him. He is attacked by Billaud Varennes and Tallien, and thunderstruck with the accusations against him. 27. Robespierre endeavours to kill himself; the wound not mortal. 28. All the following persons are guillotined this day: Robespierre the elder and the younger, Couthon and St. Just, members of the convention; Henriot, commander in chief of the Parisian guard; La Vallette, another commander; Dumas, president of the revolutionary tribunal; Lescott Fleuriot, mayor of Paris; Payan, chief agent of the commune; Viviers, a criminal judge, and president of the jacobin club; Simon, preceptor of the young Prince; upwards of eighty municipal officers; one Deputy, a commissioner with the army, and one general officer, all partizans of Robespierre. Tallien proclaims in the convention, that the day of the tyrant's death is a festival for universal fraternity. From the 1st to the 19th of July were guillotined in Paris, in all 406 persons. On the 20th, 34 21st, 29 22d, 46 24th, 30 From 25th to 27th 135 28th, 22 29th, 70 Total guillotined in July 772

Aug. 1. At this time the guillotine remains unemployed. The convention charges sixteen committees with the management of public affairs. 2. The Spaniards are defeated—The French take Fontarabia and St. Sebastian. Pichegru, with 190,000 men, is commanded to conquer Holland. 3. Prince Cobourg calls upon the States of Germany to assemble and oppose with unanimity the alarming mass of French troops which is on the point of breaking in upon them. 5. The convention abolishes Robespierre's system of terror. Brussels gives a civic feast on account of its union with France. The French enter Treves, and summon Breda. Pelet solicits the convention for the return of order, of justice, and of commerce. 10. The English take possession of Calvi. 11. The states-general earnestly exhort the Dutch to defend themselves. 13. A general release of prisoners confined in France by order of Robespierre—they amounted to upwards of 500,000. Quesnoy retaken by the French, with 3000 men. The telegraph first made use of. 15. An ambassador from America receives the fraternal kiss. 26. L'Ecluse surrenders by capitulation to the French. Ordered, that all persons may travel freely without passports in the interior of the republic. The new ambassador from Geneva received in the convention. 29. Valenciennes surrenders; its garrison consisted of 8ooo men, of whom 1100 were emigrants. 30. Conde surrenders to the French. Freron and Tallien propose measures of moderation, that is, a system opposite to that of terror. Sept. 1. The Emperor threatens to withdraw his troops, if the circles of Germany do not support him better. The academy cf arts and sciences of Paris discovers a method of making pot-ash from the horse-chesnut (sic). Bois-le-Duc and Breda inundated. The convention passes some decrees favourable to the emigrants. 5. Rochelle and Montfort denounce the nobles and priests. 6. An orator of one of the electoral clubs of Paris presents a petition, which he is unable to read. Bertier acquaints the convention that he has set at liberty all prisoners in the North under 15 years of age. The convention receives numerous congratulations on the death of Robespierre. Tallien resigns his seat as member of the committee of public safety. Motion of Barrere against bankers and stockjobbers. An attempt is made to assassinate Tallien, but he escapes with some severe wounds. 10. The flag of the republic of Geneva is received into the convention. Merlin, of Thionville, makes an animated speech in the convention against the jacobins. The two ruling parties in the convention are, the partizans of terror, called the Mountain. and the Moderates. Protests and placarts (sic) are stuck up in all parts of Paris against the despotism of the convention. 11. The convention decrees that all those shall be subject to the laws against emigrants, who quitted France since the 1st of July 1789, and did not return before 9th of May 1792. Decreed, that the nation will pay no more salaries to ministers, or others officiating in any religious worship. Motion by Duhem to expel all that remains of the family of Capet from the territory of the republic. Report of Lindet on the state of France, in which are marked its dangers, errors, and disasters. The Spaniards are forced to give up the important city of Bellegard to the French at discretion. 12. The Piedmontese are repulsed with considerable loss. 13. Great commotions at Marseilles. 15. Ordered, that the remains of Marat be interred in the Pantheon. 16. The British and Hanoverians pass the Rhine with some loss. The Duke of York retires to Nimeguen. Ceremonies established for the observance of the days called "Sans-culottides," which are the supplementary days of the republican calendar. General Clairfait marches towards Cologn (sic), and passes the Roar (sic). The French invest Maestricht, and take possession of Aix-la-Chapelle, Malmedi, and Spa. Balloons are used by the French to make observations of their enemy's proceedings. Twenty-nine waggons loaded with gold and silver, to the value of 18,359,404 livres are brought to Paris from Belgium. The throne of the Elector of Treves is among the spoils. 25. A national festival is celebrated at Paris on account of the evacuation of the French territory by the enemy. 27. Crevecoeur surrenders by capitulation to the French. 30. The allies still continue to retreat. Decreed, that all directories and all municipal bodies of the republic shall be purified; and all revolutionary committees reorganized. Oct. 1. General Clairfait passes the Rhine. Keyserslautern taken by the Prussians. 3. The French enter Juliers. The body of Rousseau transferred to the Pantheon. 4. Bommel and Bois-le-Duc surrender to the French. The garrison of Nimeguen sallies, and kills 2000 French. Proclamation of the Prince of Orange, exhorting the Dutch to resist the enemy in a body (en masse.) 5. Lyons permitted to resume its name—confiscation, and massacres are suspended there. 6. The convention addresses the French people to acquaint them that henceforward the order of the day shall be "severe, but not atrocious or "sanguinary justice." Pichegru makes himself master of Cologne, Gueldres, and Cleves. French soldiers who died this campaign in the hospitals at Lisle, amount to 47,000. The English pass the Rhine. The French enter Bonne (sic). The chiefs of the royal and catholic armies in Bretagne make a solemn appeal, to the French people, to incite them to rally about the standards of religion and of the King. The following contributions were levied by the French in Brabant: Livres.

At Antwerp 10,000,000 Ghent 7,000,000 Brussels 5,000,000 Bruges 4,000,000 Mechlin 1,260,076 Lierre 500,000 Oudenarde 500,000 Ipres 1,000,000 Alost 4,000,000 Ostend 2,000,000 Courtray 3,000,000 Ath 150,000 Mons 1,640,875 Louvain 2,000,000 Namur 5,000,000 Huy 126,171 Total 51,177,122

12. The Russians entirely defeat the Poles under Kosciusko, and take Warsaw. The French take Worms; and pass the Rhine. 20. The British and Dutch defeated on the banks of the Meuse. 25. The French take Coblentz and Venloo. Six thousand young women put in requisition in Brabant to attend the hospitals. The states of Holland openly abandon the interests of the Stadtholder. Great numbers of emigrants shot at Ipres, Neuport, and l'Ecluse. Freron, the journalist, attacks furiously in the convention the remains of Robespierre's party. Proclamation by General Washington to check the buds of rebellion in America. Assignats burned to the 30th of September last, amounted to 2,367,000,000 livres. All public ordinances by the representatives of the people begin in this form, "The thunder of God: in "the name of the representatives of the people, it "is commanded under pain of death, &c." Address from the court of Madrid to stimulate the Spanish nation against the French. Motion by Baraillon to imprison all those who have had national property conveyed to them under its value, and those who have laid waste the lands and houses of emigrants and of condemned persons; and all those who have misapplied public money. Decree to abolish the jacobin club. Nov. 4. Rhinfeld surrenders at discretion; Maestricht by capitulation. Nimeguen surrenders. French commissaries proclaim liberty at Martinico. Billaud Varennes endeavours in vain to revive the jacobins. The convention offers full pardon to the rebels of La Vendee who will lay down their arms and serve the republic. Guadaloupe is retaken by the French. Cambon reports that assignats in circulation amount to 6,400,000,000 of livres, and the expence of the present year to 2,200,000,000 livres. Addresses of congratulation from all parts on the overthrow of the jacobins. 17. The Spaniards defeated by the French. Republican General Dugommier killed. 20. The Spaniards again defeated—three generals taken. St. Fernard, Figueras, and Aspaetta, surrender. 30. Grave surrenders to the French. Carrier and his bloody accomplices decreed to be in a state of accusation. Decreed, that all emigrants be for ever banished from the republic, their property confiscated, and their return punished with death. Dec. 1. The French make several unsuccessful attempts on the side of Mayence, but are repulsed with loss. 7. Ten members of the revolutionary committee of Paris, convicted of peculation (sic) and abuse of power, are condemned to twenty years imprisonment, and to stand six hours in the pillory at the Place de Greve, the place of common executions. The municipality of Nantes forbid all persons to drink the water of the river Loire, on account of the infection from the dead bodies which were victims of Carrier's cruelty. 8. The seventy-one members who had been proscribed by Robespierre resume their seats in the convention. 11. The French pass the Waal, attack the Hanoverians, and retire. 12. Utrecht taken by the French. 19. The Dutch send commissaries to Paris to treat of peace. 25. The Austrians retire across the Rhine. The French pass the Meuse, having taken fort St. Andre. The Dutch regiments of Hohenloe and Bentinck lay down their arms. 26. The English quit Bommel abandoning their artillery. The law which forbad quarters to the English and Hanoverians is repealed. Clundest surrenders to the French. Loizeroles submits to be imprisoned and to be put to death in the stead of his son. 30. The decree of Robespierre revoked, which condemned those to death who had connection with nobles or clergy. All his laws decreed to be reviewed, and a plan proposed of forgiving all revolutionary crimes. The French take 120 pieces of cannon, and 1600 prisoners. A great fire in the arsenal of Landau. Pensions decreed to men of letters. Upon a motion by Clauzel, a prosecution is decreed against all the accomplices of Robespierre, who is called "the butcher of the French people." The British parliament votes almost unanimously for the prosecution of the war. Carrier suffers on the scaffold for all his atrocities. 1795. Jan. 1. The salary of members of the convention raised from 18 to 36 livres a day. "Keep your 36 livres, (said "some persons on this subject) but let us have a "Louis." The people of Lyons drag about the streets the bust of Marat, Challier, and Pelletier de St. Fargeau, who had but lately been objects of their idolatry. A woman appears at the bar of the convention, furnished with scythes, by means of which it was stated that a woman and child could mow five acres in a day. Honourable mention! Decreed, that the sovereignty of the people is inalienable, and that they have a right to chuse (sic) any form of government except royalty. 3. The French are dislodged from their position at Wardenberg by the English and Austrians. The French attack the British rear-guard. 9. The whole British army passes the Rhine. 10. The French army passes the Waal in different points at the time on the ice, and takes possession of Thiel. All the rivers of Holland and the Low Countries are frozen over so as to bear the heaviest weights, and favour the operations of the French extremely. Cambon states the number of livres in circulation in the form of assignats to amount to 9,600,000,000; and he proposes a lottery to reduce the number to four milliards (each one thousand million). Mercier makes a bold speech in the convention against the abolition of religious worship. 14. The French attack the British along their whole line from Arnheim to Amerongen. The Prince of Orange and his son resolve to quit the Hague. The states of Holland agree with the French to deliver up their country to them. The Fleet of Holland is locked up by the ice, and shares the fate of the country. An imposition of one million of livres in specie is laid upon Liege, and a thousand livres a day for every day's delay. Hostages are sent from Liege to Paris. Utrecht summoned and taken without opposition. Wurcum, Dorcum, and Dort, taken. 18. Pichegru sends detachments to take possession of Leyden, Amsterdam, and the Hague. The Princess of Orange and her daughter-in-law depart for England. Tallien moves in the convention to put to death all the partizans of the system of terror which covered France with bastilles and scaffolds. Breda, Bergen-op-Zoom, Gertruydenberg, and Williamstadt, open their gates to the French, upon hearing that Holland was given up. The French generals require that within the space of one month Holland shall supply them with 200,000 quintals [Footnote: 100lbs. each.] of flour, 1,000,000 of rations of hay, 200,000 rations of straw, 1,000,000 bushels of wheat, 150,000 pair of shoes, 200,000 shirts, 20,000 pair of boots, 20,000 coats and waistcoats, 30,000 pair of breeches, 150,000 pantaloons, 50,000 hats, and 12,000 oxen. 28. Duhem is ordered to the Abbaye prison, for saying that aristocracy and royalism were triumphant. He is refused admittance, there being no room. 31. Report on the finances states that the expences of the last month exceeded the receipt by 218,779,475 livres. Dubois Crance, on the state of the republic, reports, that eleven hundred thousand men are under arms. Feb. 2. A ship is laid on the stocks at Brest called "the "Avenger of the Country," intended to carry 136 guns; 24 feet longer, and 3 feet wider, than any ever built. The assembly of the provisionary representatives of the United Provinces acknowledges the rights of man and the sovereignty of the people, dismisses the states-general, abolishes the office of stadtholder, suppresses the regency of the Hague, and appoints a new committee of the India company. A deputation from the people of colour thanks the convention for liberty granted to the negroes (sic). Disturbances at Rouen, and other great cities. Four presses of false assignats seized at Paris. Ordered, that deputies be sent to the colonies beyond the Cape of Good-Hope. 4. Gouly harangues the convention to inflame it against England, which has usurped, as he said, a tyrannic dominion over the sea. Petitioners appear at the bar, demanding bread. Zealand capitulates. The republic of Basle acknowledges the French republic. A decree upon religious worship, which seems to allow it more liberty than of late. Rovere in full convention charges Syeyes with having been an instrument and counseller of Robespierre. 8. Tumults at the theatres in Paris. 9. The sections of Paris demand the trial of Barrere, of Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud Varennes. 10. The convention ratifies a treaty of peace with Tuscany. The administration of Belgium addresses the convention, desiring an union with France. 11. Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud Varennes, decreed to be under arrest. Antwerp informs the convention that 40,000 Belgians are ready to join the army of the republic, and give the last blow to the impious coalition of crowned tyrants. The convention appoints to the command of its eight armies Pichegru as commander in chief, Jourdan, Moreau, Kellerman, Sharer, Moncey, Clancaux, and Hoche. 14. Deputies are nominated for the East-Indies. 16. The Dutch announce that they have begun the great work of their regeneration. 17. Decreed, that all letters belonging to Robespierre be printed. 19. Suspension of arms between the royalists of La Vendee and the republicans. Assassinations at Avignon. 23. Conferences between Charette and the commissioners of the convention. The French bombard Luxemburg. Emigrants enrolled in London for an expedition to the coast of France. The liberty granted to the press gives public writers an opportunity of expressing their sentiments boldly of the convention, and of the revolution. 27. Charette, Stofflet, and their officers, dine with the French commissioners. 28. Charette joyously received at Nantes. Cambon states that the expences of this month exceed the revenue by 443,164,974 livres. March 1. A reward is offered for destroying wolves. 4. Carnot presents the following description of the last campaign, viz. 27 victories, of which, 8 were pitched battles. 120 actions of smaller importance. 88,000 enemies killed, and 91,000 made prisoners. 116 places or strong cities taken, of which 36 were by siege or blockade; 230 forts or redoubts; 800 pieces of cannon, 70,000 muskets, 1,900,000 pounds of powder, and 90 stands of colours, taken by the republic. Victory of Admiral Hotham in the Mediterranean. Commotions in Paris for want of provisions. Eleven persons massacred at Toulon. Insurrection at Bourdeaux. The convention has many debates about Barrere and his associates. The Dutch are required to give up to the French republic all the coined money in their possession. Rouzet tells the convention it is time that France should resume her rank among civilized nations. 5. A committee is appointed to prepare a constitution (the third in five years). Boursault reports that the war in La Vendee is extinguished, but that another had broken out, called that of the Chouans. Le Sage denounces the wind which blew down the flag from the convention-hall. Decreed, that the 71 deputies proscribed by Robespierre resume their places. 14. The treaty of peace with the Vendeans read in the convention, except the secret articles. Boissy d'Anglas harangues upon the atrocities in France, which he attributes to royalists. 17. A committee is appointed to treat with foreign powers. Carletti is received as ambassador from the Grand Duke of Tuscany. April 1. Tumults in Paris for bread and a constitution. 2. Tumults continued at Paris and Amiens. Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, Vadier, and Billaud-Varennes, condemned to be transported to Guyana. 4. Tumults continue. 5. The King of Prussia makes peace with the republic. Motion made to discredit the republican calendar as an act of despotism worthy of Robespierre. Fails of success. The convention takes a guard of 554 life-guard men, and sixty of the artillery. The newspapers of Paris speak of the convention with great boldness. To quiet the people, it is given out that corn is coming in from all quarters. Admiral Renaudin receives orders to put to sea. Baron de Stael is sent as ambassador from the King of Sweden to engage in friendship and alliance with the convention. Rhull ventures to pronounce in the convention an eulogy on the old monarchy. The deficit in the last month amounts to 660,000,000 livres, Discourse of Thibadeau to inflame republicanism. Several communes petition for their former churches and worship; the convention passes to the order of the day. Fortier, compiler of the paper called "The "Political Correspondence" imprisoned for saying "that if all the monsters who murdered Louis XVI. were dead, not a Frenchman would shed a tear over "the tomb of any one of them." Sylverster, from the tribune, assures the French people that notwithstanding the scarcity there is no danger of starving. Cambon, who had been treasurer three years and a half, arrested. The convention grants to the Duchess of Bourbon relief to the amount of 18,000 livres; about 70l. according to the value of assignats. Credit appears to revive; 270 livres in assignats for the louis. Patroles (sic) are doubled in Paris; much apprehension is entertained. 19. The convention announces peace with the Chouans. May 1. Decrees severe against emigrants. Preliminary articles signed between France and Holland. Seventy persons massacred in a tumult at Lyons. On the motion of Dubois Crance, decreed, that three milliards of assignats be issued. S. The Spaniards defeated near Figueras. Motion to permit a loss of two per cent. a month on assignats. Vernier, successor to Cambon, states the expence of the last campaign at 3,000,000,000 in assignats; and the last month at 738 millions. 15. An alliance offensive and defensive concluded at the Hague between France and Holland; the first article excludes the Stadtholder for ever; the second assures to France one million of livres for the expence of the war. A vigorous action near Mayence. Great agitation at Naples; several disturbers of the peace imprisoned. A deputy complains earnestly against the facility with which divorces are obtained. The Sardinians defeated near Mount St. Bernard. Decreed, that Le Bon be brought to trial charged with cruelties equal to Carrier's. Twenty members of the revolutionary tribunal guillotined. 20. An alarming insurrection of the people of Paris against the convention; Ferrand, a deputy, is massacred at the feet of the president; the assassin of Ferrand is condemned 22. to death, but is rescued by the people; the 23. suburb St. Antoine marches against the convention, which is in extreme danger and 24. alarm; divisions take place among the insurgents, and they lose their force at once. After having had the advantage some time, the terrorists are overcome by the moderates. The convention resumes its deliberations, disarms the fauxbourgs, decrees the arrest of a great number of its own members, and orders the immediate execution of fifty of the chiefs of the insurrection. Decreed, that Barrere's transportation be suspended, and that he be tried again, his sentence being too mild. The terrorists rise at Toulon, as at Paris, and are subdued with much difficulty and bloodshed. 25. The Chouans, seeing themselves betrayed and deceived by a phantom of a treaty which had been held out to them as secure and permanent, again take up arms. 28. Rhull blows his brains out. A petition is presented to the convention demanding a separation of the supreme powers, as the only means of guarding against tyranny. The Spaniards are again defeated by Kellerman. A camp of 3000 men, chiefly cavalry, formed at the Tuilleries. A proclamation of the convention to French seamen concludes thus, "War, eternal war, against the "English." Lanjuinais obtains a decree for freedom of religious worship. 31. Decreed, that the revolutionary tribunals, created May 13, 1793, be suppressed. Ordered, that the tribunals prosecute the authors and accomplices of the massacres of Sept. 2, 1792. The convention, afraid that Barrere's trial should take up too much time, decrees that he be transported to Africa. Among the papers of the jacobins is found an order of the old committee of public safety to pay 100,000 livres for printing the correspondence of that society. A journalist in Paris ventures to write thus: "Legislators, do not exhaust your strength and "genius in discovering that which has been done "before your time; give us the best government you "can; consider that the people of France were the "happiest and the longest so of any people; give us "the laws we have been used to." June 1. The commune of Valenciennes deliberates in a full assembly whether it should continue to acknowledge the convention; or whether it should not arrest the representative Lamar. 5. Dutch ambassadors are received in the convention, and the treaty of alliance between the republics ratified. 6. The Vendeans declare that the treaty with them is shamefully evaded; and they again take up arms. Their brave leader Charette publishes a manifesto. Decreed, that the property of those condemned or executed since the establishment of the revolutionary tribunals shall be restored to their families; except those of Louis Capet, and his wife, of Philip Egalite, and Madame du Barre (sic). Decree to apply the palace of Versailles to national uses. Assignats burned to this month amount to 2,623,680,000 livres. 7. The fortress of Luxemburg, almost impregnable, surrenders to the French from want of provisions. 8. Louis Charles, the descendant of 60 Kings, the son of Louis XVI. whom the royalists acknowledged as King since the 21st of Jan. 1793, under the name of Louis XVII. in the eleventh year of his age, finished his unhappy life and vain reign in the prison of the Temple, where he had been confined near three years without communication with any friend. History alone will hereafter instruct the world whether or not he died a natural death, as the convention took great pains to have it believed. 11. Decree in favour of those whom the tyranny of Robespierre caused to fly from the kingdom. A motion is well received to declare the produce of the next harvest public property. General Santerre, long detained in prison, and released at the death of Robespierre is again denounced. Proposed "' to change the odious name of "revolutionary committee, and to suppress the "infamous red bonnet, as being only the symbol of "blood." 14. The republicans receive a severe check at Grand-Champ from the royalists. The law repealed which forbad the wives and daughters of emigrants to marry foreigners. The republicans charge the royalists with violating the late treaty. The latter retort the charge. The republicans claim the victory of the 14th ult. The nephew of General Dubois writes a letter full of invective and gall against the convention. All sorts of pastry forbidden, on account of the scarcity of corn. The decree which declares all assignats, bearing the King's bust, to be of no value in future, takes away from private property one milliard, 665 millions, and 157 thousand livres. The expence for public instruction amounts to 300,400,000 livres. 20. Romme, Goujon, Duquesnoy, Soubrany, Duroy, and Bourbotte, members of the convention, and active leaders in the late riots, are executed. 23. Boissy d'Anglas reads a new constitution, which the convention proposes to read article by article. Insurrection at Arras for bread. The convention orders a school of 200 apprentices to watch-making. 26. Bellisle is summoned by the English, and returns a resolute answer of defiance. A complete victory obtained over the Spaniards. 2. The emigrants in England are put under the orders of Puissaye, and disembark at Quiberon. The deputies Peyssard and Forrestier condemned to prison. Prieur de la Marne and Albitte escape judgment by flight. The value of a louis-d'or is up to 1000 livres. All citizens from 16 to 60 commanded to serve in the national guard; and in their oath to swear these words, "Hatred against Kings". Decreed, that murders, which were to be punished with 20 years imprisonment, shall in future be punished with death. A member proposes that the convention should look back and punish all judiciary assassinations, abuses of authority, massacres, and arbitrary acts committed since the 1st of Sept. 1792. The convention passes to the order of the day, saying, that such retrospect would involve half of France. All the members of the revolutionary committee of Brest are delivered over to the tribunals. The Vendeans have further successes. Fresh massacres are committed at Macon. A section of Paris demands of the convention that it should efface the inscriptions on the gates of churches, by which the nation, at the instance of Robespierre, granted a certificate of existence to the Supreme Being, and insured immortality to the soul. The churches in Paris are opened, and service performed with great ceremony. 22. Lord Bridport engages the French fleet, and takes three sail of the line. 30. The convention decrees that the daughter of the late King shall be given up to the Emperor, in exchange for the commissioners whom Dumourier had put into the hands of the Austrians. July 1. The powers of the administrative bodies at Lyons are suspended, and the mayor ordered to the bar of the convention. The "Reveil du Peuple"(awakening of the people), a new song against the terrorists, is in great vogue. Lanjuinais proposes to suppress the publication of the votes of the convention, which costs the nation 2,300,000 livres annually. Report of Genissieu in favour of transported priests. Tallien and Blad, members of the convention, ordered to repair instantly as representatives to the department of La Vendee. 2. Le Bon, pale and trembling, enters the convention, and begins his defence: "His crimes (he observes) "are those of the convention itself, under whose "orders he acted." 3. Horrid massacres in the Southern provinces. Various skirmishes between the French and Austrians reported. Bread 16 livres a pound in Paris. Bloody action at Chatillon between the Chouans and republicans. The convention decrees that France is a republic, one and indivisible. 6. Le Bon continues his defence. Bresson asserts that it is impossible to make France a democratic republic; he votes for a senate, an executive power, and censors. A member complains that the rights of man only, and not the duties of man, are subjects of consideration. 14. Anniversary of the French revolution celebrated. Project of a national tontine. A loan of a milliard at three per cent. Lanthenas reads a motion from Thomas Paine, he not being able to speak French. Mons. d'Hervilly is wounded near Aurai (sic). Warm action between the republicans and Chouans near L'Orient. Le Bon proceeds with his defence. Disorders at St. Malo; and at Lyons. 15. The royalists attack the camp of St. Barb; forced to retreat. 16. The Spaniards again defeated. 17. Le Bon decreed to be in a state of accusation. Report of a complete overthrow of a Spanish army. Tumults at the theatres. France contains 28,000 square leagues of 2280 toises. Each league contains 3,850 acres (arpents) which make 105,400,000 acres. Valuing the acres one with another at 150 livres each, the total value of the lands would be 15,810,000,000. The debts of the republic at this time are 17.500,000,000, and these are secured by the lands; there is a deficit therefore of 1,690,000,000. 20. The regiment of Hervilly murders its officers, and 8oo of them desert, giving the word of order to the republican general. The emigrants at Quiberon, being betrayed to General Hoche, a general attack is made on them, and almost all are cut to pieces. The brave Count Sombreuil, after distinguished proofs of generous gallantry, is taken prisoner. The prisoners are ordered to Vannes, with General Sombreuil, the bishop of Dol, and other considerable persons. Tallien, in his reports to the convention, states the loss of the royalists at 10,000 men and that of the republicans as trifling; his whole report appears extravagant. Another victory over the Spaniards is gained by the republicans. Peace is concluded with Spain. Fresh, but unsuccessful, attempts are made to induce the convention to give up the republican calendar. 23. Ordered, that the committee of legislation make a report upon all the laws relative to divorce. 28. Read in the convention the treaty concluded at Basle between France and Spain. The convention decrees two festivals, one in honour of the fall of Robespierre, the other of the 10th of August. 30. Mons. Querini, ambassador from Venice, arrives at Paris. Report of another victory obtained over the Spaniards the 17th of this month. A plot discovered at Rome to open the prisons, to put to death the principal persons of the government, and burn the houses of the cardinals. A proclamation from Louis XVIII. to all his subjects, dated Verona. The chiefs of the royalist army solicit succours from the British government. Aug. 1. Motion by La Riviere "to pursue with national "justice all execrable terrorists". Comartin, Jarry, Boisgontier, and eight chiefs of the Chouans, contrary to the faith of the treaty, are seized and brought up to Paris. 2. The convention ratifies the peace with Spain. The laws of divorce suspended. All the departments make great complaints to the convention of a scarcity. 3. The eight chiefs of the Chouans, Comartin, Jarry, Gazel, la Nourraye, Salignac, Dufour, Boisgontier, and de la Haye, delivered to the military tribunal. Disorders at St. Omer's. The workmen at the wharfs (sic) at Paris refuse to work without two hundred livres a day wages. 4. Boudin moves to put an end to the revolution. 6. The colonies decreed a part of the French empire. 8. Journalists denounced; several deputies arrested, among whom is Lequinis. More deputies denounced; Dupin, Piori, Po, Massieu, Chaudron, Rousseau, Fourche, and la Planche, decreed in a state of accusation. The Count Sombreuil, the Bishop of Dol, and 600 emigrants, condemned by the tribunal of Vannes to be shot. 13. In the prisons of Paris 4413 persons are confined. Nantes in great distress. The convention discusses the subject of a constitution. A deputation from Belgium demands to be united with the French republic. 16. Treaty of friendship between the French nation and the regency of Tunis. The convention decrees a new constitution. The King of Spain ratifies the treaty of peace with France. The convention annuls all revolutionary sentences passed since March 13th, 1793, except those of the tribunals of Paris. The emigrants not comprized in the exceptions are for ever proscribed. 21. The convention decrees that two-thirds of the succeeding legislature shall be chosen out of the present convention. Violent declamation of Tallien against emigrants and royalists. All clubs or popular societies are by the decree of the convention abolished. The Count d'Artois lands in England on his way to, and with the design of forming a junction with, Charette. A new mode of preserving corn discovered by a physician of Montpelier. 22. Tumults in the theatres of Paris. The convention brings large bodies of troops into Paris. Boissy d'Anglas, presenting a picture of France triumphant on all sides, and forcing Kings to court its friendship and alliance, beseeches the convention to distinguish the last moments of its existence by acts of beneficence, healing all wounds, drying up tears, and repairing by the force of justice those evils which tyrants had brought upon the world. 24. Lyons is denounced as attached to royalty. 25. The constitution is declared to be perfected. The word Sans-Culotides is excluded from the calendar. 28. The section of Mail complains that the capital is filled with troops. Treaty of peace between the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel and France. Several sections complain of the number of troops in Paris, and of the election of two-thirds of the present convention into the next legislature. General Montesquieu, and the ex-constituent Talleyrand Perigord, recalled by a decree into France. 30. Much discontent in Paris; the sections make considerable movements; every thing seems to forebode an explosion. 31. The constitution is laid before the people for their acceptance, and approved of in general; but the election of two-thirds disliked Sept. 1. Decreed, that the property of transported priests, which had been confiscated by former laws, shall be restored to their families. Decreed, that no minister may officiate in public or private without having submitted to the laws of the republic. Decreed, that Louise Marie Adelaide de Bourbon Penthievre, wife of Philip Egalite, be restored to liberty. 6. Dusseldorff taken by the French; the army of the Sambre and the Meuse passes the Rhine under General Jourdan. The section of the French theatre denounces the members of the deputation of Paris to the convention, as authors of the crimes of the 2d of Sept. 1792, and 31st May 1794. Decreed, that the relations of emigrants be excluded from every employment administrative or judiciary. Of six thousand three hundred and thirty-seven primary assemblies, containing 958,226 persons, 914,800 voted for accepting the constitution, 41,892 rejected it, (so the convention reports); consequently it was decreed that the new constitution is become a fundamental law of the state. As to the re-election of the two-thirds—of 270,338 voters, 167,757 voted for the re-election and 95,373 against it. The convention declares the enlargement from prison of all terrorists who had been imprisoned since the death of Robespierre. The committee of marine writes thus to the convention: "We are going to prepare arms in our "arsenals and forges against the most perfidious of "our enemies, against the haughty England, which "must fall under the efforts of a nation which has "subdued the rest of Europe." 20. The army of Pichegru having passed the Rhine near Manheim, this city surrenders itself to the French by capitulation, of which one of the articles is, that the Palatinate shall be considered a neutral country. The convention addresses the Parisians, to inform them that if any attack be made upon the national representatives, the convention will remove to Chalons-sur-Maire (sic). The convention, which never had so much apprehension for its safety, ordered the republican columns to march to its defence. Decreed, that every member of the convention shall make a declaration of his fortune before, and since the revolution. Joubert, representative of the people, writes to the convention, that the French, since their passage of the Rhine, have taken 371 pieces of cannon, 331,000 pounds of powder, and other stores. Decreed, that Belgium and all the countries which are, or shall be, conquered from the House of Austria, shall be incorporated with the French republic. The section of Le Pelletier writes severe truths to the convention. The salaries settled by the constitution upon the 750 members of the next legislature, amount to 174 millions of livres a year. The salary of the five members of the executive directory amounts to 20,400,000 livres. According to the new organization, Belgium and the county of Liege form nine departments, of which, the chief towns are Bruges, Ghent, Antwerp, Brussels, Liege, Maestricht, Mons, Namur, and Luxemburg. A funeral ceremony in honour of the victims of decemviral tyranny. A famous resolution of 33 sections of Paris is the cause of a terrible explosion hereafter. Proclamation of the convention on the danger which threatens. An afflicting picture given of the state of the Southern provinces of France, by a representative of the people who was an eye witness of it. The primary and permanent assemblies of Paris demand of the convention the re-imprisonment of the terrorists, and enquiry into the conduct of the committees of government. Oct. 5. An extraordinary fermentation agitates all Paris. A civil war is ready to break out. The clashing of arms, the general beating of drums, and the cannon, are heard on all sides. Several bloody engagements take place between the sections and conventionalists. Two thousand dead bodies lie in the streets. The party of the convention, by the aid of the troops of the line and of a formidable artillery, defeats the insurgents. Execution and proscription of the chiefs and movers of the insurrection. Tallien renews his motion to transport all those who did not like a republican government. The Count d'Artois, under convoy of Sir John Warren, takes possession of l'Isle Dieu (sic). A French squadron of six sail of the line falls in with a valuable British convoy from the Mediterranean, and captures the Censeur, a 74 gun ship, and several merchantmen. Vernier, the organ of the committee of finances, proposes to substitute money made of some metal in the place of 18 milliards of assignats in circulation. The inhabitants of Versailles supplicate the convention to take into consideration the sad state of their commune. A horrible picture is laid before the convention of massacres in the South; the banks of the Rhone and of the Durance are said to be covered with dead carcases, upon which the dogs are feeding. Garnier de Saintes addresses from the tribune the royalists of France. "Insects," (says he) "return "to your nothingness; ye shall perish, whilst we "shall be masters of the world, with which we will "share our fortune and our liberty." Tallien prophesies, that before three months a counter-revolution will be effected; and he therefore advises his colleagues to make their political testament. Thibadeau immediately accuses Tallien of all the calamities of the revolution. Clairfait and Wurmser compel the French to repass the Rhine precipitately, and obtain great advantages over them. Baudin, the organ of the committees of government, proposes to the convention to adopt a plan of a general amnesty for any act regarding the revolution, excepting always the banished priests, the emigrants, the fabricators of forged assignats, and the assassins of the South. As to the punishment of death, it is not to be abolished till peace be established. 24. Rewbell pretends that the new government cannot establish itself but by calling in the assignats, and substituting an augmentation of taxes. The convention, having proclaimed an amnesty, declares its sittings at an end; and to make up the 500 members who are to remain, it constitutes itself into an electoral body. Le Bon is condemned to death by the criminal tribunal of Amiens. The colonists of St. Domingo, who are at Paris, nominate their deputies to the new legislature. 26. From the 12th to the end of this month the Austrians continue without ceasing to pursue the French, and to destroy them in great numbers.

CHAPTER IV.

THE new legislature, or fourth assembly of the French, enters upon its office. It is composed of a legislative body of 500 members; of a council of ancients 250; of an executive directory of 5 members; and of 6 ministers, viz. for the interior department, for the war, for justice, for the admiralty, for foreign affairs, and for finances. The five members of the executive directory are, La Reveillere, le Paux, la Tourneur, Carnot, Rewbell, and Barras; all ex-deputies of the national convention. Nov. The legislative body is employed in discussing a decree passed in the last sitting of the convention, which imposed a tax of six milliards on the landed property, and two milliards upon industry. The criminal tribunal acquits Gen. Menon, suspected of having taken part in the, rebellion of the sections. The depreciation of assignats is at this time so great, that a pair of shoes costs 300 livres, a yard of cloth 3000, a bushel of potatoes 120, a pound of bread 40, a pound of coffee and of sugar 175, a pound of candles and of soap 80 livres each; a louis-d'or is worth 4,600 livres. The executive directory obtains a grant of three milliards, to be at its discretion distributed among the different offices. The subsistence of Paris not being assured, it is decreed, that 250 quintals (each 100lbs. weight) be levied on the departments bordering on Paris. The Cape of Good-Hope is taken by the English. The trial of Comartin, one of the chiefs of the Chouans, occupies at present the military tribunal, and all Paris. The republican generals, and many deputies of the convention are implicated in this affair. A ship full of emigrants, among whom are the Duke de Choiseul and the Count de Montmorency, is driven by a tempest into Calais. They are given up to the criminal tribunal of that city. Besides the sum above granted to the executive directory, twenty-one millions more are allowed to them. Thirty millions more added for the expences of the legislative body. 23. Public and formal audiences are given by the executive directory to foreign ambassadors. Insurrection of 15,000 peasants in the Velay. Manheim is taken by the Austrians; 394 pieces of cannon are found in it. Worms and Spires are retaken by the Austrians. Decreed, that the executive directory may sell the moveable or personal property of the republic, (le mobilier) even to the timber in the national forests. Dec. According to the report upon the finances, the arrears due amount to 3,500,000,000 livres; the debt to the national bank is 31,000,000 in specie, and 7,500,000 in specie to foreigners. The service of the next month requires 20,220,000,000 in assignats. Letter from the directory to the legislative body declaring, that the state is in the most calamitous situation; that the springs of government are almost broken, that the public treasure is exhausted, and that they are threatened with evils, which may overwhelm the republic. Decreed, that a forced loan shall be levied of 600,000,000 in specie upon a million of citizens. It is computed that by means of three hundred millions in specie, thirty milliards of assignats will be taken out of circulation. In this forced loan assignats are to be taken at one per cent. A motion is made to sell Compiegne, Fontainbleau, Chantilly, Ramboullet, Meudon, St. Germaine, St. Cloud, Choisy, Vincennes, and the wood of Boulogne. The legislative body decrees 1500 millions for the service of the armies. Boissy d'Anglas proposes to restrain the liberty of the press. The city of Deux-Ponts taken by the French under General St. Eyr (sic). The supplying Paris alone with provisions costing 350 millions every ten days, the directory acquaints the legislative body that the funds granted for that purpose are exhausted. Decreed, that the directory shall nominate all the judges not elected by the primary assemblies. All the ministers agree in declaring that every thing is lost, if haste be not made in procuring funds. Merlin of Douai, minister of justice, writes to all the criminal tribunals, to perform their duty with energy towards the emigrants, against whom the republic had sworn eternal war till death. New successes of the republicans in Italy. The Austrians continue to obtain advantages over Pichegru and Jourdan. Gronville, envoy from the republic to Copenhagen, is threatened with recall if his Danish Majesty does not acknowledge the French republic. Cambon, to exculpate himself from charges of misconduct, publishes an account, setting forth, that during forty-four months of his administration there were issued only 11,578,056,623 livres in assignats, and in the ten months and a half after him there were issued 17,852,226,000 livres in assignats.



Judgment and Execution of

LOUIS XVI. KING OF FRANCE;

WITH A LIST OF THE

Members the National Convention,

Who voted for and against his Death.

AND

THE NAMES OF MANY OF THE MOST CONSIDERABLE SUFFERERS IN THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, DISTINGUISHED ACCORDING TO THEIR PRINCIPLES.

THE THIRD EDITION.

BY H. GOUDEMETZ, A French Clergyman, Emigrant in England.

TO THE TRULY HUMANE AND BENEVOLENT, WHOSE LIBERALITY THE AFFLICTED STRANGER HAS SO LARGELY EXPERIENCED, THIS LITTLE PUBLICATION, HONOURED WITH THEIR PATRONAGE AND PROMOTED BY THEIR MUNIFICENCE, is, IN TESTIMONY OF THE GRATITUDE WITH WHICH HIS HEART OVERFLOWS, MOST THANKFULLY AND RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED,

BY THEIR EVERLASTINGLY OBLIGED AND DEVOTED HUMBLE SERVANT,

H. GOUDEMETZ,

******

JUDGMENT

AGAINST

LOUIS XVI.

IN the National, Convention of France, [Footnote: N.B. In this Convention, 76 were ex-nobles; between 50 and 60 ex-priests; the rest consisted of lawyers, merchants, husbandmen, and a great number of artisans, men who had no property, but what they acquired by spoil from the rich.] on the 17th, 18th, and 19th days of January, 1793, the three following questions were successively put to the vote.

QUESTION THE FIRST.

Is LOUIS guilty or not?

Of the 745 members of the Convention, 20 were absent, 5 sick, 27 gave modified opinions, 693 voted in the affirmative.

President "I declare in the name of the National Convention LOUIS "CAPET to be found guilty of a conspiracy against the liberty of the "nation, and of an attempt to disturb the public security."

QUESTION THE SECOND.

Shall the sentence to be passed upon LOUIS be referred to the sanction of the people?

The result of the appel nominal on this question was; 3 sick; 20 absent; 10 refused to vote; 283 voted for, and 424 against it.

President "I declare in the name of the National Convention, that its "sentence shall not be submitted to an appeal to the people."

QUESTION THE THIRD

What punishment shall be inflicted upon LOUIS?

The appel nominal for the definitive sentence, by DEPARTMENTS.

******

[Editor's note: The decisions of the members of the convention are given Department by Department and the list is followed by an alphabetical list of the members with the page number on which each appears. For this reason it has been decided that the page numbers of the original publication should be shown from this point.]

******

N.B. The first column expresses the name and quality of the voters; the second, the manner in which they gave their votes; in the third, those who voted for death absolutely are distinguished by the mark +; those for death with restrictions as to the time, by the letter D; those for detention, banishment, &c. by the letter O; absentees (a); not voted, by (nv); sick by (m); the fourth column shows the fate or punishment of many of the members; A signifying assassinated; G guillotined; I imprisoned; M massacred; P proscribed and S suicides.

******

Page 151

1. HAUTE GARONNE (TOULOUSE)

Mailhe Death...............................................+ Delmas Death...............................................+ Projean Death...............................................+ Peres "We are a Political body, and not a court of "justice; we cannot make ourselves, judges without "becoming despots. I vote for confinement "(reclusion) and afterwards banishment."..........O Julien Death...............................................+ G Cales Death...............................................+ De Sacy Death, with respite (avec sursis)...................D Mazade "I do not think I have power to judge; I am for "confinement."......................................O Rouzet Detention...........................................O I Drulhe Detention...........................................O

2. GERS (AUSCH)

La Plaigne Death...............................................+ I Montaut Death...............................................+ I

Page 152

Descamps Death...............................................+ I Dubarran Death...............................................+ I La Guire Death...............................................+ Cappin Detention...........................................O Jehon Death...............................................+ Bousquet Death, with discussion as to the time...............D Moysset Detention...........................................O I

3. GIRONDE (BOURDEAUX)

Vergniault Death...............................................+ G Gensonne Death...............................................+ G Guadet Death, with respite.................................D PG Jay Death...............................................+ Ducos Death...............................................+ G Gazeau Death...............................................+ De Leyre Death...............................................+ I Fonfrede Death...............................................+ G Grangeneuve "Although many Of my colleagues have manifested "sentiments ill agreeing with the impartiality of a "court of judicature; and have employed all "possible means of influence, in order to extort "from the national convention a sentence of death; "I vote for confinement only." .....................O G

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Du Plantier Death, with respite.................................D La Caze Confinement and banishment..........................O G Bergoin Confinement.........................................O

4. L'HERAULT (MONTPELLIER)

Cambon Death...............................................+ I Bonnet Death...............................................+ S Rouyer Death...............................................+ I Viennet "An accumulation of power being monstrous, I "declare myself incompetent to give any other "sentence than for confinement."....................O Fabre Death...............................................+ Curee Confinement or deportation..........................O Cambaceres Death, in case of invasion only.....................O Brunel Confinement.........................................O Castillon Confinement and banishment..........................O P

Page 154

5. ISLE ET VILAINE (RENNES)

Pastoret Dead during the appeal. Duval Death...............................................+ Sevestre Death...............................................+ Chaumont Death...............................................+ Lanjuinais "We have no right to put to death a vanquished "enemy. I vote for confinement or banishment.".....O P Beaugeard Death...............................................+ Dubignon Confinement.........................................O Mauxel Confinement until we have peace.....................O Fermont "As a man, I do not think I have a right to take "away the life of another. As a legislator, I "never will vote for death."........................O I Le Breton "If two-thirds of the votes were required, I might vote for death."....................................O I Obelin Confinement and banishment..........................O I

Page 155

6. INDRE (CHATEAUROUX)

Thibaut Death...............................................+ Le Jeune Death...............................................+ Pepin I am deputed only to make laws......................O Porcher Confinement and banishment..........................O Derazey Confinement.........................................O I Boudin Confinement or deportation..........................O Mainville Confinement.........................................O G

7. INDRE ET LOIRE (TOURS)

Gardien "I fear neither factions nor robbers, their "menaces shall never prevail on me; I think "myself free, because I have no fear. Detention."..O G Nioche Death...............................................+ J. Dupont Death...............................................+ Ruelle Death...............................................+ Pottier Death...............................................+

Page 156

Isabeau Death...............................................+ Bodin "A sacrifice of human blood can never be the, "foundation of liberty. Consequently I vote for "banishment.".......................................O Champigny Confinement or deportation..........................+ Vigee Confinement or banishment...........................O G

8. ISERE (GRENOBLE)

Baudran Death...............................................+ Real "I have no doubt but that if the people were "consulted, they would choose the mildest "punishment. I therefore must in consequence "give my vote for detention.".......................O Genevois Death...............................................+ Charrel Death...............................................+ Amar Death...............................................+ I Genissieu Death...............................................+ Servonat "Let my vote expose me or not to abuse or menaces, "I pronounce boldly for confinement or "banishment.".......................................O

Page 157

Prunelle de Lierre "The National Convention ought to consult only "justice. I therefore give my opinion for "banishment.".......................................O Vaublanc Detention.......................................... O Boissieu "Not having the commission of a judge, I do not "consider myself as qualified to apply penal "laws.".............................................O

9. JURA (ST. CLAUDE)

Grenot Death...............................................+ I Prost Death...............................................+ Laurenceot "Notwithstanding the menaces which have been "thrown out, I vote for detention.".................O I Amyon Death...............................................+ I Ferroux Death...............................................+ I Bonguyode "Is it not time, that the blood of Frenchmen should cease to flow? I vote for perpetual "imprisonment.".....................................O Vernier Confinement.........................................O P

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Babey Confinement or banishment...........................O I Le Montey Confinement.........................................O

10. LES LANDES (DOL)

D'Artigoyte Death...............................................+ P Dires Death...............................................+ Ducos l'aine Death...............................................+ G Gadroy "I will not, like others, invoke the penal code, "since we have lost sight of those wholesome forms "that were instituted for all citizens. Besides, "I do not think, that we have a right to inflict "the punishment of death; nor does the interest of "my country require it."............................O Saurine "My constituents have not deputed me to be a "criminal judge."...................................O Le Franc Confinement or banishment...........................O

Page 159

11. LOIRE ET CHER (BLOIS)

Brisson Death...............................................+ Foussedoire Death...............................................+ I Chabot Death...............................................+ G (ex capuchin) Fressine Death...............................................+ Le Clerc "The punishment of death being an outrage against "humanity, and my powers not being unlimited, I can "vote only for detention."..........................O Vanaille Death...............................................+ Gregoire Absent by commission................................a

12. HAUTE LOIRE (PUY)

Raynault Death...............................................+ Delcher Death...............................................+ Flageas Death...............................................+ Faure Death...............................................+ I Bonnet fils Death...............................................+ Barthelemy Death, with discussion as to the time...............+ D Camus Absent by commission................................a I

Page 160

13. LOIRE INFERIEURE (NANTES)

Chaillon "I have not been deputed to exercise the functions "of a jure. I hold my commission from good men, "who are enemies of tyranny and of every "accumulation of power."............................O Le Fevre Confinement or banishment...........................O I Meaulle Death...............................................+ P Millinet Confinement or banishment...........................O Villiers Death...............................................+ Jarry Confinement.........................................O I Fouche Death...............................................+ Coustard Banishment..........................................O G

14. LOIRET (ORLEANS)

Delaguelle Death...............................................+ Lombard-la Death...............................................+ -chaux

Page 161

J. B. Louvet Death...............................................+ P Leonard Death...............................................+ I -Bourbon La Boissiere Death with respite..................................D G Garan-Coulon "I maintain that liberty cannot subsist with this "usurpation of power. Tyranny is always there, "where some men are above the laws, and others "below them.".......................................O Le Page "Nature has impressed upon my heart an invincible "aversion to the shedding of blood. My opinion is, "that one man has not a right to condemn another "man to death.".....................................O Guerin "I cannot prevail upon myself to put to death a "vanquished enemy.".................................O P Gentil Confinement.........................................O Pelle Confinement.........................................O

15. LOT (CAHORS)

Cledel Death...............................................+ St. Andre, Death...............................................+ I noble

Page 162

Mont Mayan Death...............................................+ Delbret Death, with respite.................................D Cavaignan Death...............................................+ Alboys "The fear of poignards has no influence upon "my heart. No man can be punished but by virtue "of some law antecedent to the offence."............O Ansy Confinement.........................................O E Boygnes Confinement.........................................O Salleles Confinement.........................................O Cayla Absent through sickness.............................m

16. LOT ET GARONNE (AGEN)

Vidalot Death...............................................+ Paganel Death...............................................+ Boussion Death...............................................+ Fournel Death...............................................+ Claverie "I cannot pronounce upon the fate of Louis but "according to the constitution. Now the "constitution speaks only of the forfeiture of "the crown."........................................O

Page 163

Gayet-la -Prade "Not to oppose the constitution to the penal code, "I choose rather to vote for confinement."..........O Noguer "Having examined my conscience as a public man, I "give my opinion for detention."....................O Laurent Confinement.........................................O Laroche Confinement or banishment...........................O Dorisy Confinement.........................................O

17. LA LOZERE (MENDE)

Random Death...............................................+ I Servierre Death...............................................+ Monestier Death...............................................+ Barrot "As the death of Louis does not appear to me to "be necessary, or even useful to the republic, "I vote for detention.".............................O Aubert Confinement.........................................O Pellet Absent by commission................................a

Page 164

18. MAINE ET LOIRE (ANGERS)

Choudieu Death...............................................+ I De l'Aulnay Death...............................................+ G l'aine Le Paux Death...............................................+ P Le Clerc Death...............................................+ Perard Death...............................................+ De. Houilliere "I am not a judge; I am merely a legislator. "Consequently I can vote only for detention.".......O D'Andenac Confinement.........................................O l'aine D'Andenac Confinement or deportation..........................O le jeune Pilastre Banishment..........................................O De l'Aulnay Confinement.........................................O le jeune Le Maignan Confinement.........................................O

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19. LA MANCHE (COUTANCES)

Le Moine Death...............................................+ Ribet Death, with respite.................................D Le Tourneur Death...............................................+ Le Carpentier Death..............................................+ Bonnesoeur Death...............................................+ Laurence Death...............................................+ Havin Death...............................................+ Hubert Death...............................................+ Gervais -sauve "If the people had been willing to accumulate "upon my head the various functions of accuser, "juryman, and legislator, the burthen would have "been above my strength. I vote for confinement."..O Pinel I vote freely for detention.........................O Poisson Banishment..........................................O Engerrand Confinement.........................................O Bretel Confinement.........................................O

Page 166

20. LA MARNE (RHEIMS)

Prieur Death...............................................+ I Thuriot Death...............................................+ I Ch. Charlier Death...............................................+ De la Croix Death...............................................+ G de Constant De Villers Death...............................................+ Armonville Death, with discussion as to time...................D Drouet, Death...............................................+ I maitre de postes Vatelier Death...............................................+ Poulain Confinement.........................................O Blanc Banishment..........................................O I

21. LA HAUTE MARNE (LANGRES)

Guillardin Death...............................................+ Monnel Death...............................................+

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Roux Death...............................................+ Valdruche Death...............................................+ Rousseau Death, with discussion as to the time...............D La Loi Death...............................................+ Wandelin -court "I except against myself (je me suis recuse) "as judge; therefore I can vote only for "confinement, as a measure of general safety."......O

22. MAYENNE (LAVAL)

Bissy, Death...............................................+ le jeune Esne Death...............................................+ I Du Rocher Death...............................................+ Enjubaut Death...............................................+ I Serveau Death...............................................+ Villars "As the stability of a republic does not depend "upon the life, or death of a single individual, "and killing a tyrant is the last resource of "tyranny, I vote for confinement."..................O

Page 168

Le Jeune "The law of death not being applicable to the "case before us, I abstain from pronouncing "judgment of death."................................O Plaichard -chottiere Perpetual confinement...............................O

23. LE MEURTHE (NANCY)

Malarme Death...............................................+ Levasseur Death...............................................+ Bonneval Death...............................................+ Salle "My opponents have said, Do not appeal to the "people, because the people would not vote for "death; but for my part I wish not to vote, but "as the people would do."...........................O PG Molveau "Convinced that the day, on which the head of "Louis should fall, would probably be that of "the establishment of a new tyranny; and "apprehensive that his death would be for France, "what that of Charles 1. was for England, I give "my opinion for confinement or banishment.".........O

Page 169

Lalande Confinement and banishment..........................O Zangiacomi Confinement and banishment..........................O Michel Confinement and banishment..........................O

24. LA MEUSE (VERDUN)

Pons Death...............................................+ Moreau "The safety of the state does not appear to me to "require the death of Louis; I am for banishment."..O Roussel "Far from being dangerous, I think it sound "policy to let Louis live.".........................O Baroche "The judiciary power being no part of my "commission, I vote for confinement."...............O