The gunboat Tyler, commanded by Lieutenant Gwin, fired from ten minutes to three o'clock until ten minutes to four upon Breckenridge's brigades, and, joined by the Lexington, commanded by Lieutenant Shirk, fired later upon the portion of Bragg's command close to the river-bank, for thirty-five minutes. This fire drove a battery from its position, threw Gibson's brigade and a portion of Trabue's brigade into disorder, killed ten and wounded many of Wood's brigade, killed and wounded a number of Anderson's brigade, and compelled it to seek shelter in a ravine.

As the National lines were drifting back toward the landing, Colonel Webster, of General Grant's staff, gathered all the artillery within reach—Major Cavender's six twenty-pounders, Silversparre's twenty-pound Parrotts, and some light batteries—on a commanding position from a quarter to half a mile from the landing. Immediately above the landing a wide and deep ravine opens to the river. For some distance back from the river its bottom was filled with back-water and was impassable. Half a mile back it was still deep, abrupt, and wet, though passable for infantry. Here Colonel Webster gathered from thirty-five to fifty guns. Two of Hurlbut's batteries—Mann's, commanded by Lieutenant Brotzman, and Ross'—had done brilliant service; Brotzman's battery of four pieces had fired off one hundred and ninety-four rounds per gun. Ross' battery was lost in the retreat. Brotzman lost so many horses that he was able to bring off only three guns. These took place in Webster's frowning line. Hurlbut was joined at this position by half of Veatch's brigade, which had been with McClernand through the day, and reformed his division in support of the artillery. General Grant directed him to assume command of all regiments and coherent fragments near. The Forty-eighth Ohio, of Buckland's brigade, being then at the landing, some of W.H. L. Wallace's regiments, that succeeded in breaking through the encircling force, and other detachments, reported to him. Squads of men, separated from their commands, fell in. Hurlbut thus gathered in support of the artillery a force in line which he estimated at four thousand men.

General Bragg proposed to push his success and attempted to withdraw his two divisions, Ruggles' and Withers', from the tumult which accompanied the surrender, and ordered them to press forward and assault the position to which Hurlbut had fallen back. When Ruggles received Bragg's order for farther advance, one of his brigades, Pond's, was on the extreme Confederate left, near Owl Creek; Gibson's brigade was in confusion, caused by the fire of the gunboats; Anderson's was apart in a ravine, taking shelter from the same fire. But Ruggles began at once to assemble what force he could. Of Withers' division, the First Brigade was scattered. The brigades of Jackson and Chalmers received the order while they were resting in the field where the Third Iowa had rested and filled their cartridge-boxes, and where Jackson was about to replenish the empty boxes of his men. Withers immediately moved these two brigades forward to the deep ravine whose farther bank was crowned with the grim line of artillery, behind and to the right of which stood Hurlbut's command.

While there was this activity at the front, the aspect at the rear, about Shiloh Church, where General Beauregard kept his position, was very different. As the Confederate lines advanced, men dropping out of the ranks filled the woods with a penumbra of stragglers. Hunger and fatigue, stimulated by the remembrance of abandoned camps passed through, later in the day led squads—Beauregard and some of his staff say, led regiments—to straggle back from the fighting front to the restful and attractive rear. Language cannot be stronger than that used by General Beauregard. The fire of the gunboats, many of the shells passing over the high river-bank and exploding far inland, appeared even more formidable than it really was; and Beauregard was assured by a despatch, which he received that day on the field, that Buell, instead of being near Pittsburg, was, in fact, before Florence, and could not effect a junction. It must have been about five o'clock or a little later when Beauregard sent an order to his command to retire and go into bivouac. The order was delivered by his staff not only to corps commanders, but directly to commanders of divisions and brigades. General Ruggles, while attempting to assemble a force in pursuance of Bragg's order, received the command to retire.

According to Withers' report, he moved his division forward and just entered a steep and precipitous ravine when he was met by a terrific fire. He sent to the rear for reinforcements and ordered his brigade commanders to charge the batteries in front. The orders were about being obeyed, when, to his astonishment, he observed a large portion of his command move rapidly by the left flank away from under the fire. He then learned that this was in accordance with General Beauregard's orders, delivered directly to the brigade commanders. Jackson reports that he began a charge, but his men, being without ammunition, could not be urged up the height in face of the fire of Hurlbut and the batteries. Leaving his men lying down, he rode to the rear to get an order to withdraw, when he met a staff officer bearing such an order from General Beauregard. General Chalmers plunged into the ravine, and the order to retire did not reach him. He was not aware that his brigade alone, of all the Confederate Army, was continuing the battle. He brought Gage's battery up to his aid, but this battery was soon knocked to pieces by the fire of the heavier National artillery. The gunboats, having previously taken position opposite the mouth of the ravine, opened fire as soon as the assault began. They opened fire at thirty-five minutes past five.

Chalmers had not ended his useless attempt when the boats bearing Ammen's brigade of Nelson's division of Buell's army crossed the river and landed. General Nelson, when ordered by General Grant, early in the morning, to move up the river, sent out a party to discover a route. No practicable way was found near the river; one, a little inland, was ascertained, practicable for infantry, but not for wheels. The division moved at one o'clock. General Ammen's brigade, composed of the Thirty-sixth Indiana and the Sixth and Twenty-fourth Ohio, being in advance, crossed the river first. The Thirty-sixth Indiana, landing first, pushed up the bluff through a great mob of fugitives from the field, some thousands in number, and, by direction of General Grant, General Ammen sent it forward to the support of the batteries. One soldier was killed while the regiment was forming; one was killed and one wounded after it reached its position. The Sixth Ohio marched up under like order in reserve to the Thirty-sixth Indiana. The Twenty-fourth Ohio marched half a mile to the right of the batteries, scoured the country half a mile out to the front without finding any enemy, and there went into bivouac. The day's battle was over.

Prentiss was driven back through his camp about nine o'clock; Sherman was forced from his about ten o'clock; at the same time, Stuart took position in rear of his. McClernand was compelled finally to abandon his camp about half-past two, and at half-past four Hurlbut fell back through his. When night came, the National troops held W.H.L. Wallace's camp and an adjoining portion of Hurlbut's, while Beauregard's army occupied Sherman's, McClernand's, and Prentiss'.

When Prentiss and Sherman were attacked, there was a wide gap between their lines. A little after ten o'clock the National line was connected, Sherman on the right, McClernand next, then W.H.L. Wallace, and next, on his left, Prentiss, and Hurlbut and McArthur filling the space between Prentiss and Stuart. The right was gradually forced back on a curve till, at half-past four o'clock, there was a gap between McClernand and Wallace. Hurlbut held his ground till four o'clock, but by half-past four he retreated, leaving Prentiss' left in air. Through the two gaps thus made the Confederate left and right poured in and encircled Prentiss and Wallace. After their surrender there was no fighting, except Chalmers' bold, but idle assault.

In this day's battle the National loss was nearly ten thousand killed, wounded, and captured. The Confederate loss was as great in killed and wounded, but the loss in prisoners was small.



CHAPTER VII.

SHILOH—NIGHT, AND MONDAY.

The vice of the formation of Johnston's army into three long, thin, parallel lines, together with the broken character of the ground and the variable obstinacy of resistance encountered, produced a complete and inextricable commingling of commands. General Beauregard left it to the discretion of the different commanders to select the place for bivouac for the night.

Colonel Pond, retiring from his disastrous repulse toward the close of the afternoon, found himself wholly separated by an interval of more than a quarter of a mile from the nearest support, the whole of the Confederate left having drifted from him toward the southeast. Assembling all his brigade, except the Crescent Regiment, which had become detached, and recalling his battery—Ketchum's—he remembered that the special duty had been assigned to him, by General Bragg, of guarding the flank along Owl Creek. When night fell, he moved to his rear and then to his left, and bivouacked in line facing to the east, on the high land west of Brier Creek. Ketchum's battery was placed in a field a little back from the ravine. He posted pickets to his rear as well as to his front. The other two brigades of Ruggles' division spent the night to the east of Shiloh Church.

Jackson's brigade, of Withers' division, when it recoiled from its fatal attack on Hurlbut and the reserve artillery, went to pieces. Jackson with the battery marched to Shiloh Church and reported to General Beauregard. He saw nothing more of his brigade till he rejoined it at Corinth. Chalmers, abandoning his vain assault, was astonished to find that the army had fallen back, leaving him alone. He fell back to the field where Prentiss surrendered, and there rested. Of the remaining brigade, Gladden's, the merest fragment cohered; this little band, or detachment, bivouacked near the Hamburg road. Trabue's brigade, except one regiment which had become separated, spent the night in the tents of McDowell's brigade camp; Breckenridge's other two brigades were between Shiloh Church and the river.

Of General Polk's command, Clark's division, though partially scattered, rested, the greater portion of it, between Breckenridge and Shiloh Church. The other division, Cheatham's, which remained the freshest and least disordered command in Beauregard's army, moved off the field; and, accompanied by General Polk and one regiment of Clark's division, marched back to its camp of Saturday night.

Of Hardee's corps, so much of Cleburne's brigade as remained with him, slept in Prentiss' camp; Wood's brigade slept in McClernand's camp; Shaver's brigade was disintegrated and dissipated.

In the National army, what men were left of Prentiss' division were gathered about the landing and with Hurlbut. The regiments of W.H.L. Wallace that had escaped capture returned to their division camp. Hurlbut after dark moved his division out to the front of the reserve artillery. Being relieved by General Nelson, he formed his line with its left near the reserve artillery and the right near McClernand. McClernand's command bivouacked along the eastern face of the camp-ground of W.H.L. Wallace's division. Sherman's left joined McClernand; his right, Buckland's brigade, lay along the field at the south flank of McArthur's brigade camp, and along the east bank of the ravine of Brier Creek. Stuart's brigade, the Fortieth Illinois of McDowell's brigade, and the Forty-eighth Ohio of Buckland's brigade spent the night near the reserve artillery.

Captain Baxter, of General Grant's staff, brought to Lewis Wallace at eleven or half-past eleven, a verbal order to move his division. The First Brigade had already moved out to Stony Lonesome, and the division was ready to march. General Wallace believed the attack at Pittsburg was a feint, and that the real attack was to be made at Crump's Landing, on account of the great accumulation of stores at that point, and desired the order requiring him to move away from Crump's Landing should be in writing. Captain Baxter wrote and gave him an order to march to the Purdy road, form there on Sherman's right, and then act as circumstances should require. The two brigades at Stony Lonesome were at once put in motion. When the head of the division had just reached Snake Creek, not much more than a mile in an air-line from the right of Sherman's camp, Captain Rowley came up and informed Wallace of the state of affairs, and that the National line had fallen back. Wallace countermarched the two brigades to keep his right in front, retraced his steps (being joined on the way by Major Rawlins, Grant's adjutant, and by Colonel McPherson) the greater part of the way to Stony Lonesome, and there took a rude cross-road which came into the river road from Crump's to Pittsburg Landing, about a mile from the bridge which had been guarded for his approach. McPherson and Rawlins confirmed Captain Rowley's statement of the disastrous falling back of the National lines toward the river. The wagons were not allowed to accompany the column, but continued on through Stony Lonesome to Crump's Landing, and the Fifty-sixth Ohio, and one gun from Thurber's battery were detached to guard them. Whittlesey's brigade, at Adamsville, received at two o'clock the order to march. Sending the wagons with the Sixty-eighth Ohio as guard to Crump's Landing, the remaining three regiments pushed through the mud, the field officers dismounting to let broken-down men ride, and overtook the other brigades as they were beginning to cross Snake Creek. The Twenty-fourth Indiana in advance, crossing the bridge just after sunset, deployed skirmishers in front, marched along the road along the east bank of Brier Creek, and halted in front of the camp of the Fourteenth Missouri, which regiment was occupying its camp. The Twentieth Ohio, the rear regiment of the division, halted on the bank of Brier Creek ravine, in front of the camp of the Eighty-first Ohio, at eight o'clock. The division facing to the right, making a front to the west, along the ravine, brought the Twenty-fourth Indiana to the left and the Twentieth Ohio to the right of the division. The batteries having been left at the junction of the cross-road and the river road, till all the infantry had crossed, followed in their rear, and were posted near the bank.

The remainder of Nelson's division followed Ammen's brigade late in the evening. Crittenden's division arrived in the night. McCook receiving orders to hasten forward in the morning, while twelve miles out from Savannah, halted at the outskirts of the village at seven o'clock P.M., rested his men two hours, marched to the landing, seized such boats as were there and such as arrived, and reached Pittsburg Landing at five o'clock Monday morning with Rousseau's brigade and one regiment of Kirk's brigade.

General Grant and General Buell met at Sherman's headquarters in the evening; it was there agreed that Buell with his army should in the morning attack on the left, and Grant's immediate command should attack on the right. Buell formed Nelson's division about two hundred yards in front of the reserve artillery, with his left near the river, facing south. Crittenden, when he arrived, was placed in rear of Nelson, half a mile from the landing, where his command stood at arms all night. At eleven o'clock a heavy rain began to pour. All the National troops and most of the Confederate lay on the ground without shelter. The gunboats every fifteen minutes through the night fired a shell over the woods, to explode far inland and banish sleep.

Early Monday morning, Nelson on the extreme left, on the Hamburg road, and Lewis Wallace on the extreme right, by Snake Creek, moved to the attack. Beauregard knew then that Buell had arrived and the junction of the two National armies had been effected. The opening of the battle proclaimed what the conclusion would be.

Nelson moved in line with Ammen's brigade on the left, Bruce's in the centre, and Hazen's on the right, his left extending a little beyond the Hamburg road towards the river. A remnant of Gladden's brigade, between two and three hundred men, under Colonel Deas, some fragments of some of the regiments of Jackson's brigade, with some regiments that had strayed from their proper commands, the Fourth Kentucky from Trabue's brigade, the First Tennessee from Stephens' brigade, the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Tennessee from General B.R. Johnson's brigade, and the Crescent Regiment from Pond's brigade, scattered about, were roused by Nelson's advance and retired before it. At six o'clock Nelson was halted by Buell to allow Crittenden's division to complete its deployment and form on Nelson's right. Nelson again advanced. General Withers meanwhile had thrown the heterogeneous fragments into an organized force, added Chalmers' brigade to it, and strengthened it by the addition of three batteries. Nelson, when he again advanced, came upon this consolidated line, which drove him back. Nelson was without artillery. His batteries, unable to get through the soft mud which the infantry traversed, remained behind at Savannah. General Buell sent to his aid Mendenhall's battery from Crittenden's division. The rapid and accurate fire of Mendenhall's guns silenced the central opposing battery. Hazen's brigade charged upon it, captured the guns and drove in retreat the cannoneers and their support. Bowen's brigade of Breckenridge's reserve corps, commanded by Colonel Martin since General Bowen was wounded Sunday afternoon, was coming up in support. Colonel Martin made his brigade lie down in a ravine till the torrent of fugitives passed over, then rising, charged the pursuers. Hazen's brigade, torn by the fire of two batteries, one on each flank, and now charged by a fresh brigade, suffered in a short time more than half the whole loss suffered by the division in the entire day. The loss of the division in killed and wounded, was 90 killed and 558 wounded. The Forty-first Ohio, in Hazen's brigade, out of a total engaged of 371, lost 140 killed and wounded. The shattered regiments streamed back in confusion, leaving a gap in the division line.

Ammen's brigade was sorely pressed. Constituting the left of the army, it was in constant risk of being turned. Bruce's brigade, now put in hazard by the recession of Hazen, could give only indirect assistance to Ammen. Just then, Terrill's regular battery, of four twelve-pounders (Napoleons) and two ten-pound Parrotts, having arrived from Savannah, and missed its way to McCook's division, was ordered by General Buell to Nelson's relief. Dashing out to the skirmish line in front of Colonel Ammen, in order to get the range of the enemy's batteries, Terrill's guns became the target of the concentrated fire of the opposing batteries and the line of infantry. He was compelled to retire; but, firing as he retired, he kept at a distance the long line that followed and essayed to charge. Colonel Tuttle, who had been marching what was left of W.H.L. Wallace's division in reserve, in rear of Nelson and Crittenden, sent the Second Iowa forward in aid of Terrill. At the same time the Fortieth Illinois, of McDowell's brigade, Sherman's division, which had been marching in reserve to Nelson, filed to the front around Ammen's left flank, and the Confederate line retired to their position in the timber. Ammen's line, which fell back under the galling fire called out by Terrill's artillery charge, now returned to the front and occupied the timber where the enemy had been. It was now nearly two o'clock. There was no more fighting in Nelson's front. Terrill's battery suffered so severely that the Sixth Ohio was detailed as its special support, and supplied artillerists from its ranks. From an advanced position in Nelson's front, upon his skirmish line, this battery succeeded in opening an enfilading fire upon the troops in front of McCook, and one section advanced far enough to take in reverse the batteries that were engaged with Crittenden and McCook.

General Crittenden's division moved a little after five o'clock to Nelson's right. Colonel W.S. Smith's brigade connected with Nelson and continued his line. General J. T. Boyle's brigade was formed in rear of the left wing of Smith's brigade. A little after six o'clock McCook marched to the front with Rousseau's brigade, and formed on Crittenden's right, but facing to the west. The Fourteenth Wisconsin, assigned to Prentiss' division, not arriving at Pittsburg till Monday morning, reported to General Crittenden, and acted during the day as a part of Colonel Smith's brigade. General Buell describes the line thus formed as follows; "The force under my command occupied a line of about a mile and a half. In front of Nelson's division was an open field, partially screened toward his right by a skirt of woods, which extended beyond the enemy's line, with a thick undergrowth in front of the left brigade of Crittenden's division; then an open field in front of Crittenden's right and McCook's left, and in front of McCook's right woods again, with a dense undergrowth. The ground, nearly level in front of Nelson, formed a hollow in front of Crittenden, and fell into a small creek or ravine, which empties into Owl Creek, in front of McCook. What I afterward learned was the Hamburg road (which crosses Lick Creek a mile from its mouth) passed perpendicularly through the line of battle near Nelson's left. A short distance in rear of the enemy's left, on high, open ground, were the encampments of McClernand's and Sherman's divisions, which the enemy held." This line is almost identical with the line held by McArthur, Hurlbut, Prentiss, and Wallace, Sunday afternoon. Buell's cavalry was not brought up, and, from want of transportation, only three batteries—Bartlett's and Mendenhall's of Crittenden's division, and Terrill's of McCook's division. But these were served with remarkable efficiency.

When Crittenden took position, his skirmishers were advanced across the open field to the edge of the timber in front. This dense growth, called in the reports "chapparal" and "jungle," covered both slopes of a hollow, which was threaded by a rivulet with muddy borders, and was the scene of many a bloody repulse the day before, in the repeated assaults upon Prentiss. The skirmishers soon became engaged, and a battery concealed in woods on rising ground beyond, played upon the troops in line. The skirmishers retired to the line, but were sent back to their original position, while Bartlett's battery silenced the hostile battery, and, by accurate fire, compelled it several times to shift its position. A line of battle appearing in the timber preparing to charge, the skirmishers were called back, Bartlett swept the bushes with canister and shrapnell, Boyle's brigade charged into the brush, encountered the fire of the Confederate line at close quarters, replied, charged, and drove the enemy through the timber to an open field beyond. The enemy rapidly crossed the field and took position in woods on its farther side. A line of cavalry appearing at one end of the field, which was also commanded by the enemy's battery, Boyle withdrew his regiments to their original position. Bartlett's battery, aided by Mendenhall's, was in constant activity. The infantry, with intervening pauses of cessation, met and made charges into the chapparal. Mendenhall's battery, in the course of the day, expended five hundred and twenty-six rounds of ammunition, or about eighty-eight to the gun. Bartlett, by noon, had fired his entire supply, six hundred rounds, and took his battery to the landing to replenish. When he returned, the fighting had ceased. After an hour of quiet, a furious attack was made on Smith's brigade. The contest that ensued is described in Colonel Smith's report: "The enemy soon yielded, when a running fight commenced, which extended about a mile to our front, where we captured a battery and shot the horses and many of the cannoneers. Owing to the obstructed nature of the ground, the enthusiastic courage of the majority of our men, the laggard discharge of their duty by many, and the disgraceful cowardice of some, our line had been transformed into a column of attack, representing the various grades of courage, from reckless daring to ignominious fear. At the head of this column stood a few heroic men, not adequately supported, when the enemy returned to the attack with three fresh regiments in good order. We were driven back by these nearly to the first position occupied by our line, when we again rallied and moved forward toward the battery. Reaching a ravine to the right, and about six hundred paces from the battery, we halted and awaited the assistance of Mendenhall's battery, which was brought into action on a knoll within half a mile of the enemy's battery, which it immediately silenced. We then advanced and captured it the second time, and succeeded in holding it despite the efforts of the enemy to repulse us." This charge entirely shattered Cleburne's brigade, and it disappeared from the contest. This ended the battle in Crittenden's front, and Mendenhall's battery advanced and fired on the flank of the column, by that time retiring before McCook's division. The force which General Crittenden engaged was commanded by General Breckenridge, and consisted of one of Breckenridge's brigades—Statham's—aided by the brigades of Russell and A.P. Stewart, from Polk's corps. These two brigades constituted Clark's division, but General Clark having been wounded the previous day, the brigades were under Breckenridge's immediate command. To these was added Cleburne's brigade, reduced to one-third of its numbers. One-third was killed and wounded before Buckland's brigade, Sunday morning; one-third had straggled to the rear; the remaining third rallied to enter into Monday's battle.

In accordance with the direction of General Buell, McCook deployed Rousseau's brigade into line facing toward Shiloh Church. The Fifteenth Michigan, intended for Prentiss' division, being now without assignment, reported to McCook, and was by him attached for the day to Rousseau's brigade. General Beauregard still held his own position near the church, and as the line of inevitable retreat was by the road passing by the church, it was necessary that his force should hold this position to the last. It was a centre to which stragglers and fragments of commands had drifted during the night. Monday morning the greater part of Beauregard's army reported there, and, though much was despatched thence to other quarters, portions so despatched returned to take part in the final conflict. Pond's brigade, after its rapid retreat from Lewis Wallace's front, had a fatiguing march before finally settling into position. He says in his report: "I was ordered by General Ruggles to form on the extreme left and rest my left on Owl Creek. While proceeding to execute this order, I was ordered to move by the rear of the main line to support the extreme right of General Hardee's line. Having taken my position to support General Hardee's right, I was again ordered by General Beauregard to advance and occupy the crest of a ridge in the edge of an old field. My line was just formed in this position when General Polk ordered me forward to support his line. While moving to the support of General Polk, an order reached me from General Beauregard to report to him with my command at his headquarters." Ruggles' division and Cheatham's division, with one regiment of Clark's, were put on the Confederate left of Shiloh Church; Wood's brigade and Trabue's brigade to the right. Russell and A.P. Stewart were first sent to oppose Crittenden, but were afterward shifted toward the Confederate left, to McCook's front. The report of Colonel Thompson, Beauregard's aide-de-camp, to General Beauregard, states: "About 11.30 o'clock it was apparent that the enemy's main attack was on our left, and our forces began to yield to the vigor of his attack."

When Rousseau's brigade was formed, his right was in the air. McCook held it in place till Kirk's brigade arrived from Savannah, and occupied the time exploring the ground to his front and right. Kirk having arrived, McCook moved Rousseau's brigade across a ravine to a rising ground a few hundred yards in advance, and placed Kirk's brigade in reserve of Rousseau's right, to protect the exposed flank. A company of regulars (there were three battalions of regulars in Rousseau's command) was sent into the woods as skirmishers. In less than an hour the skirmishers were driven back and followed by the Fourth Kentucky Regiment and Fourth Alabama Battalion belonging to Trabue's brigade. After a fierce attack for twenty minutes, the assailants fell back before the rapid and well-directed fire of Rousseau's men and retired out of sight in the timber. Trabue's regiments rallied and quickly returned to the assault with greater vigor than before. The steady fire of Rousseau's men again drove them to retreat; Rousseau advanced into the timber, passed through it to an open field, when Trabue, who, with three regiments was engaged with McClernand, united the two portions of his brigade and charged furiously upon Rousseau. After a desperate struggle Trabue gave way; Rousseau captured two guns and repossessed McClernand's headquarters.

This advance drew Rousseau away from Crittenden, while it connected him with McClernand; exposed his left, while it covered his right. Colonel Willich, who had arrived with the Thirty-second Indiana, passed around to the left, and, with regiment in column doubled on the centre, charged upon the enemy in that quarter, drove him into the timber, then deploying in line opened fire. Willich became subject to so hot a fire—mainly, he reports, from the National troops—that he was compelled to retire. Dressing his lines he charged again. Observing undue excitement in his men, he halted the regiment, and in the midst of the battle exercised the men in the manual of arms. Having thus steadied them, he resumed the charge and again drove the enemy into the timber. Rousseau's command having exhausted their cartridges, Kirk's brigade took place in the line, while Rousseau, behind them, replenished from the supply which General McCook had already procured. Gibson's brigade having now arrived, was deployed, about two o'clock, on the left. The two armies were concentrating about Shiloh Church. Gibson's left flank being twice threatened and partially turned, the Forty-ninth Ohio twice, under fire, changed front to the rear on the right company with precision. Veatch's brigade, of Hurlbut's division, which had been acting in reserve, was moved forward by McCook and extended his left. The division being now sorely pressed by the enemy's artillery, Major Taylor, Sherman's chief of artillery, brought forward Bouton's battery and assigned part to each brigade. The section assigned to Gibson quickly silenced the batteries in his front. McCook was now connected with the forces to his right.

McClernand's command consisted—Monday morning—of the Forty-sixth Illinois, of Hurlbut's division, constituting his right; the Twentieth, Seventeenth, Forty-third, Forty-fifth, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Illinois, of his own division, being his First and Second Brigades, and, on his left, the Fifty-third Ohio, of Sherman's division, and the Eighty-first Ohio, of W.H.L. Wallace's division. Except the two flanking regiments, the Forty-sixth Illinois and the Eighty-first Ohio, the regiments were extremely reduced. After firing had opened by Nelson and by Lewis Wallace, McClernand moved across the ravine of Brier Creek to the large open field, where his line was dressed; McAllister's battery was brought up and engaged a battery posted beyond, or in the proper front of, McClernand's First Brigade camp. Lewis Wallace's batteries beyond the timber to the northwest, and a battery with Sherman in the same direction, joined in the artillery combat. The Confederate battery becoming silent, McClernand moved forward and entered the camp of his First Brigade, being the northwestern extremity of his camp, without having encountered opposing infantry. It was discovered that a body of the enemy was advancing beyond the left of the line. McClernand moved by the flank to the left till the left regiments came to a field in rear of his camp, and charged across it against a battery and its supports on the farther side. The Fifty-third and Eighty-first Ohio recoiled, were ordered back, fell to the rear in some disorder, and the whole line retired. The Twenty-eighth Illinois was moved forward from Hurlbut's reserve and added to McClernand's left. The line again advanced, pushed the enemy back through McClernand's camp, where he made a stand, and McClernand was again compelled to yield. General McCook now extended his right by throwing forward the Louisville Legion. The two divisions connected, and the Twenty-eighth Illinois returned to the reserve.

Sherman, being ordered by General Grant early in the morning to advance and recapture his camps, sent his staff out to gather in the members of his command. Colonel Sullivan marched the Forty-eighth Ohio, at dawn, out from the reserve artillery, and Buckland's brigade was complete. Colonel Stuart was found near the landing with two regiments of his brigade, and a small detachment of the Third, the Seventy-first Ohio. The Thirteenth Missouri, temporarily attached to Sherman, which had become entangled with McClernand's command the previous afternoon, and bivouacked at night in his line, was regained. Portions of the Fifty-seventh and Seventy-seventh Ohio still adhered. Major Taylor, chief of artillery, brought Lieutenant Wood's battery. The column being formed, he marched by the flank toward the west to the bluffs of Owl Creek, and along them to an open field at the extreme right of McClernand's camp, and awaited the approach of McCook on the Corinth road. Hearing heavy firing in front of Rousseau, about ten o'clock, and observing it gradually gaining ground toward Shiloh Church, he moved the head of his column to General McClernand's right, formed line of battle, facing south, with Buckland next to McClernand and Stuart on his right, and advanced slowly and steadily under a heavy fire of musketry and artillery.

General Lewis Wallace discovered at dawn, on the bluff on the opposite side of Brier Creek, and just facing Thompson's battery, a hostile battery. The Twentieth Ohio discharging their rifles to clear them, were answered by a volley that disclosed the presence of a hostile line of battle. At the same time Pond's brigade and Ketchum's battery became aware of the fact that only the valley of Brier Creek separated them from troops that had arrived in the night. Colonel Pond was dismayed by the further discovery that he was nearly a mile in advance of his nearest support. After a short engagement he withdrew his infantry, leaving Wharton's regiment of mounted Texas Rangers to support the battery. After a sharp artillery duel, Ketchum drew off his battery, covered by the mounted regiment. General Grant directing Wallace to push his line of attack to the west, directly from the river, the division advanced, the brigades in echelon, the First to the front and left, the Third to the right and rear, sweeping the bluffs facing Snake Creek and Owl Creek, and coming out in the fields in rear of Sherman's camps. Wheeling the division to the left, he soon became hotly engaged, first Thompson's battery with another battery, then infantry with opposing infantry.

There was yet a gap between Sherman and Wallace, but the conflict now raged about Shiloh Church with a fury surpassing any portion of the battle of Sunday. McCook, with his well closed division, McClernand and Sherman with their attenuated but persistent commands, Wallace with his fresh and compact division, with the batteries of Bouton, McAllister, Wood, Thompson, and Thurber, formed a curved line concentrating upon the convex line comprised of part of Clark's division, Wood's brigade, Trabue's brigade, Cheatham's division, and Ruggles' division, with the batteries of Ketchum, Byrne, Bankhead, and others. McClernand, Sherman, and Wallace all speak with admiration of the splendid fighting of McCook's division. Ammunition was becoming exhausted. Buckland withdrew his regiments to fill their boxes. Stuart's brigade, now commanded by Colonel Kilby Smith, plunged forward to make up with renewed vigor for diminished numbers. Wallace's left flank was exposed. The Eleventh Indiana, changing front, faced the danger on its flank. The First Nebraska having used its last cartridge, the Seventy-sixth Ohio leaped to its place. Thompson's battery having expended its last round, Thurber's guns took their place so quickly that there was no intermission in the fire. The Twentieth Ohio, sent off to the right to meet a force springing up in that quarter, met with a sudden discharge at close range, dashed through a fringe of bushes, and drove a battery from the field beyond.

Wood's brigade, charging on Rousseau, was knocked to pieces and retired to the rear, where General Wood with the aid of cavalry gathered up 1,500 stragglers into an ineffective reserve. McCook pushed his line forward to Sherman's camp. The lines were pressed closer and the fire was hotter than ever. General Grant called two regiments, and in person led them in a charge in McCook's front, and broke the enemy's line. Endurance has its limits. The intense strain of two days was telling. Beauregard saw his men were beginning to flag; exhausted regiments were dropping out of line. It was now three o'clock. Two hours before, General Beauregard had sent word to his extreme right in Nelson's front, to retire slowly in alternate lines. Breckenridge, put in command of the movement, had drawn Statham's brigade from Crittenden's front. Beauregard was fighting to secure his retreat.

Colonel Thompson, aide-de-camp to Beauregard, says in his report: "While I was engaged in rallying our disorganized troops to the left and rear of the church, you seized the banners of two different regiments and led them forward to the assault in face of the fire of the enemy; but from the feebleness of the response I became convinced that our troops were too much exhausted to make a vigorous resistance. I rode up to you and advised that you should expose yourself no further, but should dispose your troops so as to retire from Shiloh Church in good order." Colonel Whittlesey, in his report, states: "There being signs of a retreat farther to the south, Lieutenant Thurber was directed to sweep the ground in front, which he did with his two howitzers and three smooth-bores in fine style. Two prisoners captured near there, one of them an officer of the Creole Guard, state that General Beauregard was endeavoring to form a line for a final and desperate charge on our right when Lieutenant Thurber opened upon him, and the result was a disorderly retreat."

The battle was over. General Beauregard posted a battery and a brigade on the rising ground south of Oak Creek, commanding the ground about Shiloh Church, and withdrew his worn troops behind them. General Beauregard says this was at two o'clock. Cheatham fixes the hour when he retired at half-past two. The National commanders fix the close of the contest at about three o'clock. At Woods', about two miles beyond, a rear-guard took position again. At Mickey's, where Breckenridge had already arrived, he was detailed with his command as rear-guard, and the rest of the army passed on to Monterey.

There was no pursuit of the retreating army. All advance by the National troops ceased about four o'clock. McCook went into bivouac near the camp of Peabody's brigade, Prentiss' division. Wood's division, arriving too late to take part in the battle, pushed to the front and engaged his skirmishers with the light troops covering the retreat. Mendenhall's battery, far off toward Crittenden's left, catching some glimpses of the retiring column through openings in the forest, sent some parting rounds. Wood and Crittenden went into bivouac in front of Prentiss' camp. General Buell pushed Nelson forward on the Hamburg road, near to the crossing of Lick Creek, and the division bivouacked near Stuart's camp. The divisions, or what was present of them, of McClernand, Sherman, Hurlbut, and W.H.L. Wallace, returned to their camps. Lewis Wallace advanced his division across Oak Creek to the large field. Company A, of the Twentieth Ohio, obtaining permission to proceed farther, advanced to the Confederate hospital and was deploying to drive off a detachment of cavalry that was burning a commissary train, when it was recalled to rejoin the division, then returning across Oak Creek, to bivouac in front of the camp of McDowell's brigade.

McClernand and Sherman formed part of the line of battle. Prentiss' division was gone. The other two divisions, what was left of them, acted in reserve. Hurlbut formed his division in the morning complete, with the exception of the Forty-sixth Illinois, which served for the day with McClernand. It was a skeleton division. The Third Iowa was 140 men under the command of a lieutenant. In the forenoon, General Grant sent Hurlbut out to act as reserve to McClernand. The Twenty-eighth Illinois took place for a while on McClernand's left, and Veatch with his three regiments took place on McCook's left, when he diverged from Crittenden. Colonel Tuttle, senior officer in the Second Division, by the death of W.H.L. Wallace and the wounding of McArthur, gathered the remaining regiments of his division, except the Fourteenth Missouri and the Eighty-first Ohio, added to them Colonel Crocker and three regiments of McClernand's First Brigade, and marched in reserve to Crittenden. He sent the Second Iowa to Nelson, when Nelson's line was broken by the gallant but disastrous charge of Hazen; the Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois moved out to the left of Crittenden when he diverged from Nelson, and the Seventh Iowa, moved into the front line later in the day.

The number of Johnston's army has already been given as 40,000 men. Badeau says the effective force present in the National camps Sunday morning was 33,000 men. General Sherman makes the number 32,000. William Preston Johnston, in the Life of his father, makes the number of the National troops, the "grand total in Sunday's battle," 41,543. These various statements arise from the different ways of making and reading returns. Forty thousand does not represent the total force which A.S. Johnston led to Shiloh. Forty thousand "present for duty" is exclusive not only of the brigade of detailed teamsters and cooks that General Johnston complained of, but of all regular and permanent details. It appears from some reports which give numbers, that it was also exclusive of temporary details made for the occasion of the battle—hospital men, train guards, ammunition guards, sappers and miners, infantry detailed to act with batteries, etc. It appears from some of the reports, which state numbers, that the "enlisted men" "present for duty," in the "Field Returns of the Confederate Forces that marched from Corinth to the Tennessee River," comprised only non-commissioned officers and privates, and was therefore exclusive of musicians, buglers, artificers, etc., though enlisted as such. The 40,000, therefore, is the number of the combatants engaged in the battle. The field return is susceptible of further explanations, the character of which does not appear. The field return, for example, gives the "present for duty," in the artillery in Polk's corps, as 20 officers and 331 enlisted men—351 in all; while the official report of the chief of artillery of the corps, of casualties in the battle, giving each battery separately, states the number actually engaged in the battle as 21 officers, 56 non-commissioned officers, and 369 privates, making a total of 446. It is clear, therefore, that the 40,000 is intended as the number of officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates actually engaged in the battle, and a comparison of the reports of General Polk's chief of artillery with the returns suggests that in some way it may not be the full number of combatants engaged.

The aggregation of returns making 41,153 present for duty in Grant's army at Pittsburg Landing, Sunday morning, is not a consolidated return, but a collection of footings of regimental returns, the nearest in date attainable to April 6th, for the most part furnished by the War Department to Colonel Johnson, the rest either taken from reports of State adjutant-generals, or else estimated. The statement includes the Fourteenth Wisconsin and the Fifteenth Michigan, neither of which arrived till after the close of Sunday's battle.[3] Deducting the "present for duty" given for these, 1,488, leaves, in round numbers, as in General Johnston's army, 40,000. But "present for duty" in the returns of the National forces, includes musicians, buglers, artificers, etc.; all men present for the duty for which they were enlisted. The army was clothed with music. There were 72 regiments present, including those which arrived Sunday morning. The field music of 720 companies, with the buglers of cavalry and artillery, made about three thousand men. Besides these there were bands so numerous that an order was shortly afterward made, restricting the number of bands to one to each brigade. Where the battle reports give the number taken into action, the difference in the number given and the number of "present for duty," as given by the War Department to Colonel Johnston, suggests that many had gone on to the sick list, or been detailed, between the date of the return and April 6th; or that many men present for duty were left behind in camp. Probably all were true, and thirty-three thousand or thirty-two thousand is the number of officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates actually engaged in Sunday's battle on the National side. The reinforcements of Monday numbered, of Buell's army, about twenty thousand; Lewis Wallace, sixty-five hundred; other regiments, about fourteen hundred.

[Footnote 3: This is a mistake as to the Fifteenth Michigan, which lost, Sunday, 33 killed, 64 wounded, and 7 missing.]

There ought to be no uncertainty in the reports of casualties. Yet, while the general result is clear, precision in detail is now hardly attainable. General Beauregard's report gives his loss as 1,728 killed, 8,012 wounded, and 959 missing; making an aggregate of 10,699. Of the reported missing, many were killed or wounded. These numbers are the aggregate of losses reported by brigades. They cannot include casualties at division, corps, or army headquarters, happening either to the generals commanding, or to the officers on their staff, or to enlisted men on duty there. And while batteries were attached to brigades, the cavalry was a wholly independent command, not attached or reporting to brigades or divisions; two regiments were not attached to any corps. Their casualties cannot be included in brigade reports. Colonel Johnston, after much examination, "finds a possible variation of 218 more casualties, principally in missing, that might be added to General Beauregard's report."

The generally accepted official report of the National loss is: in Grant's army, 1,437 killed, 5,679 wounded, and 2,934 missing, making a total of 10,050; in Buell's army, 263 killed, 1,816 wounded, and 88 missing—making a total of 2,167. The two armies aggregated 1,700 killed, 7,495 wounded, and 3,022 captured—making total, 12,217. The War Department, in the printed collection of battle reports, does not give the casualties of the two armies separately, but gives the aggregate, 1,574 killed, 7,795 wounded, and 2,794 missing—making a total of 12,163. The "Medical and Surgical History of the War" makes the loss 1,735 killed, 7,882 wounded, 3,956 missing—making a total of 13,573. The loss of the Army of the Ohio, as given above, is the report of General Buell on April 15th. Six days later, the Medical Director of that army made to General Buell a tabulated statement of killed and wounded in each regiment, brigade, and division engaged, which makes the number 236 killed and 1,728 wounded. All these estimates are based upon the same material—upon the field reports. As the revisers of the reports for publication have had the best opportunity for deliberate examination and for comparison of the reports with muster-rolls, their estimate of casualties is perhaps the most trustworthy.

The loss in artillery on each side was about equal. General Sherman lost seven guns and captured seven. General McClernand lost six guns and captured three. Prentiss lost eight guns. Hurlbut lost two batteries. The Army of the Ohio captured about twenty guns, many of them being recaptured guns, lost on Sunday. One of Breckenridge's brigades threw away their arms, taking in place better arms picked up on the field. There was a great destruction of camp equipage and stores. The quartermaster of the Third Iowa, in Hurlbut's division, packed everything in wagons, safely carried stores and baggage to the landing, and let down the tents to save them from damage by shot. Before the wagons of Prentiss' division went to the rear, while the division was still engaged at the front, Colonel Miller's servant gathered everything in the Colonel's tent, packed it in one of the wagons, carried it safely off, and kept all in good order till Miller returned from captivity. But such thoughtfulness was the exception, and the returning troops found much missing and more destroyed.

Heavy rain fell again Monday night. Next morning General Grant sent General Sherman with his two brigades, and General Wood with his division and the Fourth Illinois Cavalry, in pursuit. The miry road was lined with abandoned wagons, limber-boxes, and with hospitals filled with wounded. The advance was suddenly fallen upon by Forrest and his cavalry, and driven back in confusion. Forrest coming upon the main column retired, and was pursued in turn. General Sherman advanced about a mile farther, and returned to camp. Breckenridge remained at Mickey's three days, guarding the rear, and by the end of the week Beauregard's army was again in Corinth. The battle sobered both armies. The force at Pittsburg Landing saw rudely dashed aside the expectation of speedy entry into Corinth. The force at Corinth, that marched out to drive Grant into the river, to scatter Buell's force in detail, and return in triumph to Nashville, was back in the old quarters, foiled, disheartened.



CHAPTER VIII.

CORINTH.

When news of the two days' fighting was received at the North, the people of the Ohio Valley and St. Louis were stirred to active sympathy. Steamboats bearing physicians, nurses, sisters of charity, and freighted with hospital supplies were at once despatched and soon crowded the shore of Pittsburg Landing. There was need for all the aid that was brought. Besides the thousands of wounded, were other thousands of sick. The springs of surface water used in the camps, always unwholesome, were now poisonous. The well lost their strength; of the sick many died every day. Hospital camps spread over the hills about the landing, and the little town of Savannah was turned into a hospital. Fleets descended the river bearing invalids to purer air and water.

General Halleck arrived at the landing on April 11th, established his headquarters near the river bluff, and assumed personal command. General Pope, with the Army of the Mississippi, summoned from the operations just begun before Fort Pillow, arrived on the 21st, and went into camp at Hamburg. Seasoned troops from Missouri and fresh regiments from recruiting depots arrived. The camps were pushed out farther from the river, and Halleck found 100,000 effective men under his command. The army was organized into right wing, centre, left wing, and reserve. The right wing comprised all the army of the Tennessee except the divisions of McClernand and Lewis Wallace, together with the division of General Thomas from the army of the Ohio, and was commanded by General Thomas. The remnants of the commands of Prentiss and W.H.L. Wallace were incorporated in two new divisions. The centre, composed of the Army of the Ohio, except Thomas' division, was commanded by General Buell. The left wing, the Army of the Mississippi, to which General Granger's cavalry division was still attached, was commanded by General Pope. General Pope, General Rosecrans having been assigned to him for duty, divided his command on May 29th into two wings, the right commanded by General Rosecrans, the left by General Hamilton. The reserve, under General McClernand, comprised his division and that of Lewis Wallace. General Grant was appointed second in command, without command or duty attached to that position, though he still remained commander of the District of West Tennessee.

Beauregard was reinforced, almost immediately after his return, by Van Dorn with 17,000 troops seasoned by campaigns in Missouri and Arkansas, raising his effective strength to 50,000. The Confederate Government at Richmond and the State governments in the Southwest strained every resource to increase his force. Unimportant posts were denuded of their garrisons, new regiments were recruited, and Price, of Missouri, whom the Government at Richmond had refused to recognize, was appointed major-general. Beauregard found his force amount on the muster-rolls to an aggregate of more than 112,000. But sickness and absence were so prevalent that the return of effectives never quite reached 53,000. The position at Corinth was naturally strong. Standing on a long ridge in the fork of two streams, which run parallel to each other nearly to their junction, protected on the front and both flanks by swampy valleys traversed by the streams and obstructed by dense thickets, a line of earthworks running along the crest of the highland bordering the valleys, it could be approached with difficulty. The difficulty was enhanced by a belt of timber which screened the works from view. Railroads coming into the town facilitated reinforcement and supply.



Beauregard kept strong parties well advanced to his front, while the National force at the river, absorbed in the work of organization and supply, made little effort to ascertain his position. As late as April 27th, a reconnoitering party sent out by McClernand discovered that Monterey, twelve miles from the landing, was held in some force. Next day General Stanley, of Pope's command, sent out a detachment that drove this force beyond Monterey. General Halleck began his march about the close of April, moving slowly, keeping his army compact, intrenching at every halt, and ordering his subordinate commanders strictly to refuse to be drawn into a general engagement. The right wing halted and intrenched immediately beyond and to the west of Monterey on May 4th. The enemy's outposts kept close in front of Halleck's army and opposed every advance.

General Pope, moving out on the left from Hamburg, stretched in advance of the adjoining part of the line. On May 3d, his command being encamped with Seven Mile Creek in his front, General Paine, with his division, pushed forward to Farmington, within four miles of Corinth, attacked a considerable force and drove them from their intrenchments, compelling them to leave their dead, as well as their tents and baggage, behind. Next day Pope advanced his entire force within a mile and a half of Farmington, but had to return next day to his former position behind Seven Mile Creek, to keep up his connection with Buell. On the 8th, he again moved his whole force to Farmington, and pushed two divisions on separate roads almost up the intrenchments at Corinth; but was again informed that the army to his right was not ready to advance. One brigade was still kept as advanced guard at Farmington. On the 9th, a heavy force from Corinth emerged from the timber just as Plummer's brigade, then on post, was being relieved by Palmer's. The two brigades met the attack briskly and a severe combat ensued. Pope's army was within a mile and a half behind the creek, but forbidden by Halleck's order to cross. To prevent a general engagement, the two brigades were withdrawn. It was not till after May 20th that Pope finally occupied Farmington with Buell's line.

Observing indications on the night of the 26th, he next day advanced, and connecting with his right, sent Colonel W.L. Elliot, of the Second Iowa Cavalry, with his own regiment, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel E. Hatch, and the Second Michigan Cavalry, commanded by Colonel P.H. Sheridan, who was only assigned to the regiment that day, to make a circuit around Corinth and strike the railroad forty miles in its rear, doing all practicable destruction to it. Next day, the 28th, Stanley's division was pushed far forward and after a sharp skirmish secured possession of a ridge directly upon the creek, in front of the enemy's works, which he at once fortified. Paine's division was moved out the same day and occupied on Stanley's left. The same day Buell advanced Nelson and Crittenden to the front on a line with Stanley.

General Thomas held Sherman on his extreme right, with his skirmishers extended out to sweep the Mobile & Ohio Railway.

After several successive advances, meeting more or less opposition, on May 17th, Sherman moved with his division—supported by Hurlbut—and with batteries, against a commanding position in his front, called Russell's, just two miles from the main entrenchments, held by a brigade. It was some time before he could get a position for his batteries. Resistance was more obstinate than at any previous encounter. But, finally, the point was carried, and was found to cover a sweep of open ground to the south, the direction toward Corinth, and the division entrenched. Beyond the open land—stretching southward from Russell's—and intervening woods was other open land, and still beyond, a rising ground, with a high wooded ridge behind it. On this rising ground was a loop-holed, double loghouse, having complete command of the open ground north of it. A force stationed here exceedingly annoyed Sherman's pickets. On the morning of the 27th he moved with his division and batteries, supported by Veatch's brigade, from Hurlbut, and John A. Logan's brigade, from McClernand, quietly and unseen through the timber as near as practicable. Two of Silversparre's twenty-pounder Parrott guns were moved silently through the forest to a point behind a hill, from the top of which could be seen the house and ground to be contested. The guns were unlimbered, loaded, and moved by hand to the crest. A quick rapid fire demolished the house. The infantry dashed forward, drove the enemy from the ridge across a field and into a thick forest beyond. In the afternoon the repulsed troops suddenly reappeared, but after a short contest they were again driven. The advanced position thus carried was at once intrenched. The intervening forest concealed from Sherman the fact that, though he was more than three miles from the town, he was now less than a mile from the main defences of Corinth, that he was between the creeks, and there was no obstruction but the forest between him and the works. Next day General Thomas advanced the rest of his command, wheeling it to the right so as to bring the whole upon the bank of the creek, which flowed between him and Corinth. This advance brought his left division, T.W. Sherman, within half a mile of the main entrenchments, but separated from them by the swampy valley. The same day Buell advanced McCook to connect with T.W. Sherman. Halleck had been a month gaining with his 100,000 men a few miles, but he was now closing in upon Corinth.

Beauregard, though contesting pertinaciously every advance, had already began his evacuation. Detailed instructions, regulating the evacuation and the subsequent march of the troops, were issued on the 26th and 27th, and three o'clock A.M. of the 29th was appointed for the time. On the 28th an order was issued postponing the movement till the morning of the 30th, to gain more time for removing stores. On the 29th the final order was issued, which required, among other precautions to hide the movement, "whenever the railroad-engine whistles during the night, near the intrenchments, the troops in the vicinity will cheer repeatedly, as though reinforcements had been received." The sick and wounded were sent off by railway, as was the heavy artillery. All valuable stores were carried off; though considerable quantities of stores of all kinds—commissary, quartermaster, and ordnance—were neither removed nor destroyed. Elliot, with his cavalry, struck the railroad at Booneville before daylight of the 30th, destroyed there a locomotive, twenty-five box-cars loaded with ordnance, ammunition, and quartermaster stores, one or two platform-cars with field-pieces, a depot building filled with ordnance stores, tore up the track and destroyed two culverts, and returned to Farmington, having prevented the further use of that railway for the purposes of evacuation.

General Pope, hearing the engines whistling and men cheering after midnight, understood it as Beauregard intended—to show the arrival of reinforcements. But skirmishers were sent forward to ascertain, if practicable, the fact. Trains were heard leaving, and, at six o'clock, explosions, followed by clouds of smoke, satisfied both him and Sherman that Beauregard was leaving. By eight o'clock, his advance had felt their way through the intrenchments and marched into town. Sherman, having farther to go, was but little later in entering.

Pope's army moved at once in pursuit along the roads leading south—Rosecrans in front, Hamilton following, and Granger with the cavalry keeping in advance. Two divisions from Thomas' command, Davies and T.W. Sherman, were added to the pursuing column. The pursuit developed the fact that Beauregard, or a large part of his force, halted at Baldwin, fifty miles south of Corinth, in an inaccessible position behind swamp and jungle, while his line extended to the northwest, to Blackland, an approachable point west of the railroad. Pope had made all preparations to attack at Blackland and issued the order, when Buell arrived at the front and suspended the attack. Beauregard retreated farther and the pursuing force returned to Corinth.

General Pope, while detained a few days at Danville, by illness, was continually receiving despatches from his officers at the front, and telegraphing them or their substance to General Halleck, at Corinth, a few miles off. General Granger said in one despatch there were ten thousand stragglers from the retreating army in the woods, all of whom would come in and surrender. All knew the woods were full of stragglers, and it was generally believed that General Granger's estimate of their number and intentions was reasonable. Pope, condensing into one, despatches received from Rosecrans, Hamilton, and Granger, telegraphed to Halleck, "The two divisions in the advance under Rosecrans are slowly and cautiously advancing on Baldwin this morning, with the cavalry on both flanks. Hamilton, with two divisions, is at Rienzi, and between there and Booneville, ready to move forward, should they be needed. One brigade from the reserve occupies Danville. Rosecrans reports this morning that the enemy has retreated from Baldwin, but he is advancing cautiously. The woods, for miles, are full of stragglers from the enemy, who are coming in in squads. Not less than ten thousand men are thus scattered about, who will come in within a day or two." General Halleck despatched to the War Department "General Pope, with 40,000 men, is thirty miles south of Corinth, pushing the enemy hard. He already reports 10,000 prisoners and deserters from the enemy, and 15,000 stand of arms captured." This despatch of General Halleck's made a great sensation. The expectation that the stragglers would come into the National camp was disappointed; the prisoners taken were few, and Pope was censured for making a statement of fact which he neither made nor authorized.

Fort Pillow was abandoned June 1st. On June 6th, Admiral Davis, who had succeeded Commodore Foote, destroyed the Confederate fleet in front of Memphis after an engagement of an hour and a half. The same day, the two regiments that Pope left with the fleet, entered the city. The objects proposed in the spring were accomplished, though not in the manner designed. The railway connection at Corinth was broken, though not by a mere dash from the river. Fort Pillow was possessed, Memphis was occupied, and the Mississippi open to Vicksburg. The volunteers had been through a hard military school. After their experience in fighting, they had practice in the slow advance to Corinth, in picket duty and field fortification. They had learned something of the business of war and were now ready for campaign, battle, and siege.

END.



INDEX.

NOTE.—Regiments, batteries, etc., are indexed under the names of their States, excepting batteries called by their captain's or by some other special name. These are indexed under BATTERIES.

Adams, Colonel, 141-143

Alabama, troops of. Regiments: First, 80, 120; Fourth, 171; Twenty-second, 154; Twenty-seventh, 42; Colonel Baker's, 80

Allen, Colonel, 144

Ammen, Colonel, 163, 164, 165, 166

Anderson, General Patton, 128, 129

Appler, Colonel, 128

Arkansas, troops of. Regiments: Eleventh, 69, 80; Twelfth, 69, 80, 88; Fifteenth, 132

Ashboth, General, 9, 11 et seq.

Badeau, General Adam, his work on General Grant cited, 20, 60, 61, 178

Bailey, Colonel, 62

Bailey's Ferry, 28, 29

Baker, Colonel, 80

Baldwin, Colonel, report of, 45, 146

Baldwin, Miss., position of, 190, 191

Bankhead, Captain, 80

Bankhead, Fort, 76

Bark road, 147

Barrett, Captain, 130, 136

Bartlett, 168

Batteries: Bankhead's battery, 175; Barrett's battery, 115, 130; Bartlett's battery, 167, 168; Bouton's battery, 175; Bratzman's batteries, 155; Burrows' battery, 101, 115, 136; Byrne's battery, 175; Cavender's, Major, artillery, 154; Crittenden's battery, 169, 177; DeGolyer's battery, 70; Dresser's battery, 39, 136; Dubuque battery, 16; Graves' battery, 52, 55, 60; Green's battery, 60; Guy's battery, 60; Hickenlooper's battery, 145, 146; Hodgson's, Captain, battery, 128; Houghtaling's Ottawa Light Artillery, 70, 87; Hurlbut's batteries, 155, 181; Jackson's battery, 60; Ketchum's battery, 138, 160, 174, 175; Maney's battery, 42, 43, 48,52, 60; Mann's battery, 101, 115, 148; McAllister's, 39, 52, 115, 136, 172, 175; Mendenhall's battery, 165, 167, 168, 169, 177; Munch's Minnesota, 115; Plummer's battery, 73, 74; Porter's battery, 52, 55, 59, 60; Schofield's battery, 17; Schwartz's battery, 39, 115, 136; Sherman's battery, 102; Stewart's, R.C., battery, 80; Terrill's battery, 165, 166, 167; Thurber's battery, 163, 175, 176; Washington Artillery, 128; Waterhouse's battery, 102, 126, 127, 129, 135, 136; Webster's battery, 154, 155

Battle, Colonel, 152

Baxter, Captain, 162

Bear Creek, 91

Beauregard, General G.P.T., 78; number and character of his command in the Southwest, 91; sends force to Pittsburg Landing, 99, 128; assumes Johnston's command, 153; referred to, 156, 157, 160, 161, 164, 169, 170, 175, 176; losses of, 180; reinforced, 184, 186; begins an evacuation, 189; halts at Baldwin, 190

Behr, Captain, 131

Belmont, Mo., 19, 20; engagement at, 21

Bentonville, Mo., 13

Big Barren River, 24

Bird's Point, Mo., 20, 74

Birge, Colonel, 55

Bissel, Colonel J.W., 70 et seq.

Blair, General Frank P., 2

Blandville, Ky., 19

Boonville, Mo., 2, 4, 8, 9, 190

Boston Mountains, Ark., 12

Bowen, General, 151

Bowling Green, Ky., occupied by Buckner, 24

Bowling Green, Ky., rebel evacuation of, 64

Boyle, General J.T., 166, 168

Bragg, General, 128, 138, 153 et seq.

Breckenridge, General, 138, 135, 155, 169, 176, 177, 181, 182

Brier Creek, 100, 137, 160, 161, 163, 172, 174

Brotzman, 155

Brown, Lieutenant-Colonel, 11

Brown Major, 45; report of, cited, 61

Brown, Colonel, 80

Bruce, 164, 165

Brush, Captain, 50

Bryner, Colonel John, 70

Buckland, Colonel, 102

Buckland, General, 126, 129, 173, 174

Buckner, General S.B., 24; at Fort Donelson, 37 et seq.; plans of, for sortie, 47, 48; his advice in the council at Fort Donelson, 57; offers to surrender Fort Donelson, 59

Buell, General D. C, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 177; suggestions of, as to attack on General Johnston's line, 26; made major-general, 65; correspondence with Halleck, 97, 98, 130; loss in his army, 181; commands centre of the Army of the Ohio, 184, 186, 187, 188

Burrows, Captain, 101

Cairo, Ill., 18; district of, 65

Camp Jackson, 2

Cape Girardeau, Mo., 7, 17

Carlin, Colonel, 16

Carondelet, the, 30, 43, 46; her passage of the batteries, 84 et seq.

Carr, Colonel E.A., 12

Carthage, Mo., engagement near, 4

Cavender, Major, 39

Chalmers, General, 142, 148, 157 et seq., 161

Charleston, Ky., 19

Chattanooga, Tenn., 91

Cheatham, General B.F., 23, 68

Cincinnati, the, 30

Clanton, 149

Clare, Captain, 123

Clark, Colonel, 80

Clark, General, 169

Clarke, General, 37, 136

Clarksville, Tenn., 37

Clear Creek, Mo., engagement near, 11

Cleburne, General, 127, 129

Columbus, Ky., 18, 19; works at, 24; rebel evacuation of, 64

Commerce, 19, 66

Conestoga, the, 46

Cook, Colonel John, 39, 55

Cooper's Farm, Ark., 12

Corinth, Miss., 91, 141; map of, 181

Crittenden, General, 163, 164, 166, 167, 169, 170, 177, 178, 187

Crocker, Colonel, 139, 178

Cross Hollows, Ark., 12

Cruft, Colonel Charles, 44, 50, 57

Crump's Landing, 100, 130

Crump's Landing Road, 143, 162, 163

Cullum, General, 74, 93

Cumming, Colonel G.W., 70

Curtis, General Samuel R., 11, 12 et seq.

Danville, 190, 191

Davis, Admiral, 191

Davis, Colonel, 139

Davis, General Jefferson C., 11, 12

Dawes, Adjutant, 128

Deas, Colonel, 141

De Golyer, Captain, 70

Department of the Missouri, 10

Dickey, Colonel, 32, 39

Dixon, Lieutenant (afterward Captain), 24, 43

Dodge, Colonel, 15

Donelson, Fort, situation of, 24, 28, 33; description of, 34 et seq.; surrender of, 60; number of its garrison, 61 et seq.

Dougherty, Colonel H., 20

Dover, Tenn., 33

Drake, Colonel, 54

Drake, Lieutenant Breckenridge, 159

Dresser's Battery, 136

Dresser, Captain, 31

Dubois, Captain, 5

Dug Springs, Mo., engagement at, 5

Eastport, 91

Elbert, Captain, 13

Elliot, Colonel, 87, 189

Essex, the, 30

Farmington, 186-189

Fayetteville, Ark., 12

Fearing, Major, 128, 130

Fitch, Colonel G.N., 70

Fitch, Lieutenant, 129

Fletcher, Lieutenant, 78

Florence, Ala., 32

Floyd, General J.B., 37, 45 et seq.; his advice in the council at Fort Donelson, 59; leaves Fort Donelson, 59

Foote, Commodore A.H., concurs in Grant's plans as to Forts Henry and Donelson, 27; his part in the campaign, 28 et seq.; report of, 31; at Fort Donelson, 38, 43, 46; wounded, 46; returns to Cairo, 54; at Island No. Ten, 79 et seq., 191

Forrest, Colonel, 58, 152

Fort Donelson (see Donelson, Fort)

Fort Heiman, 28

Fort Henry, situation of, 24, 28; expedition against, 27 et seq.; surrender of, 31

Fort Holt, 20

Fort Pillow, 19; abandoned, 19

Frankfort, Ky., 18

Frederickstown, Mo., 16

Fremont, General John C., appointment of, 7; early measures and orders of, 8, 9; relieved from command, 10; correspondence with General Grant, 18

Frost, General D.M., 2

Fulton, Lieutenant-Colonel, 128

Gantt, Colonel, 59, 69

Georgetown, Mo., 9

Gibson, General, 144, 172

Gilmer, General J.F., constructs Confederate works in Kentucky and Tennessee, 24, 31, 34; leaves Fort Donelson, 59

Gladden, General, 141, 164

"Golden State," the, 96

Granger, Captain, 6

Granger, General Gordon, 69, 70, 86 et seq., 190

Grant, General Ulysses S., commanding at Cape Girardeau, 17; commanding District of Southeast Missouri, 18; his plans as to Columbus, etc., 19, 20; at Belmont, 21 et seq.; plans for expedition against Forts Henry and Donelson, 26, 27; his conduct of the campaign, 28 et seq.; at Fort Donelson, 37 et seq.; his despatch demanding its surrender, 60; made Major-General, 65; assigned to command military department of Tennessee, 65; traits of, 92; his proposed movement up the Tennessee, 93; in disfavor with General Halleck, 94 et seq., 130; arrival at Savannah, 102; his directions to McClernand at Shiloh, 155; orders to Nelson, 158; directions to Thirty-Sixth Indiana, 158; consultation with Buell, 164; orders to Sherman, 173; orders to Wallace, 174; sends out Hurlbut, 177; size of his army at Pittsburg Landing, 179; loss in his army, 181; sends Sherman and Wood in pursuit, 182; appointed second in command, 184

Graves, Captain, 60

Gray, Captain, 82

Green, Captain, 60

Greenville, Ark., 19

Groesbeck, Colonel John, 70

Gumbart, Lieutenant, 49

Guy, Captain, 60

Halleck, General H.W., appointed Commander of the Department of the Missouri, 10; his views as to movements in Tennessee, 25, 26; orders to Grant, 27, 28, 38; despatch after Donelson, 64; assigned to command Department of the Mississippi, 67, 99; instructions to Pope, 74, 82 et seq.; congratulations to Pope, 90; his plans against Corinth, etc., 91 et seq.; traits of, 92; orders to Grant, 93 et seq.; instructions to Buell, 97; arrives at Pittsburg Landing, 183-186; closes in on Corinth, 189; despatches to, 190; despatch from, 191

Hamburg Landing, 100

Hamilton, General Schuyler, 69, 70 et seq., 184, 190

Hammock, Lieutenant, 122

Hannibal, Mo., 8

Hanson, Colonel, 41, 55

Hardcastle, Major, 122

Hardee, General, 127, 132, 161, 170

Hare, Colonel, 140

Harris, Governor, 152

Haynes, Colonel Milton A., 37, 42

Haywood, Colonel, 80

Hazen, General, 164, 178

Heiman, Colonel, 30, 42, 48 et seq.

Heiman, Fort, 28

Helena, Ark., 66

Helm, Colonel, 59

Henderson, Colonel, 80

Henry, Fort, see Fort Henry

Hickenlooper, Captain, 103, 134

Hickman Creek, 33

Hickman, Ky., 18

Hildebrand, 102, 130

Hindman, General, 127, 144

Hodgson, Captain, 128

Hollins, Commodore, 69, 76 et seq.

"Hornet's Nest," the, 144

Hopkinsville, 37

Houghtaling, Captain, 70

Hubbard, Major, 11

Hudson, Captain, 80

Humboldt, 91

Hunter, General David, 9; appointed to command the Department of the West, 10, 64

Hurlbut, General S.A., 96; at Shiloh, 101 et seq.; 127, 138, 153 et seq., 158, 161, 172, 173, 177, 181, 187, 188

Illinois, troops of. Regiments: First, 70; Second, 71, 116; Fourth, 32, 39, 182; Seventh, 39, 41, 56, 70, 71, 113; Eighth, 38, 45, 50, 113, 140, 178; Ninth, 39, 113, 139, 143, 150; Tenth, 70, 75; Eleventh, 39, 52, 53, 113, 116; Twelfth, 39, 113; Thirteenth, 50; Fourteenth, 113, 140; Fifteenth, 113, 140; Sixteenth, 70, 75; Seventeenth, 17, 42, 56, 113, 128, 139, 172; Eighteenth, 38, 45, 50, 113, 140, 178; Twentieth, 17, 39, 113, 135, 139, 172; Twenty-second, 20, 22, 23; Twenty-fifth, 42; Twenty-sixth, 70, 72; Twenty-seventh, 20, 21, 23; Twenty-eighth, 113, 154, 173, 178; Twenty-ninth, 38, 45, 50, 113; Thirtieth, 20, 38, 50; Thirty-first, 20, 38, 51, 52, 53; Thirty-second, 53, 113, 152, 154; Fortieth, 96, 114, 131, 132, 162, 166; Forty-first, 39, 113, 147, 148, 152, 154; Forty-second, 84, 172; Forty-third, 113, 134, 139; Forty-fifth, 39, 42, 113, 139, 172; Forty-sixth, 44, 113, 139, 140, 172, 177; Forty-seventh, 70, 72; Forty-eighth, 39, 42, 113, 136, 139, 172; Forty-ninth, 42, 56, 113, 139, 172; Fiftieth, 39, 113; Fifty-first, 70; Fifty-second, 113; Fifty-fifth, 114, 148, 149; Fifty-seventh, 44, 113; Fifty-eighth, 44, 53, 113, 146, 147; Sixty-first, 114, 142, 148. Batteries: First, 20, 23, 39, 52, 53, 102, 115, 126, 127, 128, 136, 175; Second, 115

Indiana, troops of. Regiments: Eleventh, 56, 115, 175; Seventeenth, 148; Twenty-third, 116; Twenty-fourth, 115, 163; Twenty-fifth, 39, 41, 55, 113, 140, 148; Thirty-first, 44, 113, 148, 150; Thirty-second, 171; Thirty-fourth, 70; Thirty-sixth, 105, 158; Forty-third, 70; Forty-fourth, 44, 113, 148; Forty-sixth, 70; Forty-seventh, 70; Fifty-second, 39, 54, 55, 56; Fifty-sixth, 39; Fifty-ninth, 70. Batteries: Sixth (Behr), 115, 127, 131; Ninth (Thompson), 116, 175

Indian Creek, 33

Indian Ford, St. Francois River, Ark., 19

Iowa, troops of. Regiments: First, 6; Second, 39, 55, 56,70, 87, 113, 134, 139, 146, 166, 178, 187; Third, 113, 147, 148, 151, 154, 156, 177; Fifth, 70; Sixth, 114, 133, 140; Seventh, 20, 22, 23, 39, 41, 55, 113, 146, 178; Eighth, 113, 143, 146, 147; Eleventh, 113, 135; Twelfth, 39, 113, 146, 147; Thirteenth, 113, 139; Fourteenth,39, 43, 55, 111, 139,146, 147; Fifteenth, 114, 131; Sixteenth, 114, 131

Ironton, Mo., 7

Island Number Eight, 67

Island Number Ten, 19, 64; situation and description of, 66 et seq.; canal at, 81, 82; capture of, 87, 88

Jackson, Camp, 2

Jackson, Captain, 60

Jackson, General, 142, 157

Jackson, Governor, powers conferred on, by the State Legislature, 1; proclamation by, 2; movements of, 4

Jefferson City, Mo., 2, 7

John's Bayou, 81

Johnson, Major, 61

Johnson, General Bushrod R., 36, 49; escape of, 63, 135

Johnston, General Albert Sydney, 12; evacuates Bowling Green, 64; at Corinth, 81; his movements to join Beauregard, 92, 122, 141; death of, 153; army of, 178

Johnston, Preston, 122

Jones, Lieutenant, 80

Jordan, Colonel, 126

Kansas, troops of. Regiments: First, 6

Kennedy, Colonel, 80

Kentucky, attitude of, with regard to the Rebellion, 18

Kentucky, troops of. Regiments: Fourth, 164, 171; Eighth, 61; Seventeenth, 44, 113, 151; Twenty-fifth, 44, 50, 113, 151

Kirk, 163, 170, 171, 172

Lauman, Colonel J.G., 39, 55, 147

Lawler, Colonel, 50

Lebanon, Mo., 12

Lexington, Mo., 4, 8; surrender of, 9

"Lexington," gunboat, 155

Lick Creek, 99, 141, 177

Lincoln, Abraham, President of the United States, 10; his War Order No. 3, 98

Logan, Colonel (afterward General) John A., 50, 188

Loomis, Colonel J.W., 70, 141

Loss, Confederate, 180; National, 181

Lothrop, Major W.L., 70 et seq.

Louisiana, troops of. Regiments: Fourth, 144; Eleventh, 22, 80; Twelfth, 80; Eighteenth, 138

Louisville & Nashville Railroad, 24

Louisville, the, 46

Lyon, General Nathaniel, 2, 4, 5; death of, at the battle of Wilson Creek, 6

Lytle, Colonel, 152

Mackall, General W.W., 83, 87, 88

Madrid Bend, 66 et seq.

Maney, Captain, 42 et seq., 60

Mann, Captain, 101

Mann's battery, 148 (see Artillery)

Marsh, Colonel, 134, 139

Marshal, Captain L.H., 86

Martin, Colonel, 165

Mayfield, Ky., 26

McAlister, Captain, 31

McArthur, Colonel John, 39, 47

McArthur, General, 134, 139, 178

McClellan, General G.B., his despatch as to Grant, 94; relieved from general command, 95, 98

McClernand, General J., at Pittsburg Landing, 102 et seq.

McClernand, General J.A., 130, 158, 159, 161, 167, 171 et seq., 177, 178; at Belmont, 20 et seq.; march of, toward Mayfield, Ky., 27; commands the advance in expedition against Fort Henry, 28; at Fort Donelson, 38 et seq.; made Major-General, 65; his loss in guns, 181; mentioned, 184, 186, 188

McCook, 163, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 189

McCoun, General, 68, 76 et seq.

McCulloch, General Ben., 4 et seq., 12, 13, 14

McDowell, Colonel, 102

McDowell, General, 131

McIntosh, General, 14

McKingstry, General, 9

McNulty, Lieutenant, 122

McPherson, Lieutenant-Colonel, 55

Memphis & Charleston Railroad, 91

Memphis & Ohio Railroad, 24

Memphis, Tenn., 91, 191

Mendenhall, 165, 167, 168, 169

Michigan, troops of. Regiments: Second, 70, 187; Third, 70; Twelfth, 114, 142; Fifteenth, 169, 179. Batteries: First, 70; Second (Ross), 70; Third, 70

Miller, Colonel, 182

Mill Spring, Ky., engagement at, 27

Mississippi & Tennessee Railroad, 91

Mississippi, Department of, defined, 65

Mississippi River, description of the shores of, 66 et seq.

Mississippi, troops of. Regiments: Third, 122; Sixth, 129, 132; Fourteenth, 51, 59; Twentieth, 45, 48, 49, 54, 57, 59; Twenty-sixth, 48, 49; Colonel Baker's, 80

Missouri, course of, as to secession, 1

Missouri, Department of the, 10

Missouri, troops of. Regiments: First, 6; Eighth, 56, 115, 116; Eleventh, 17, 70, 72; Twelfth, 13; Thirteenth, 39, 113, 130, 134, 139, 143, 173; Fourteenth, 113, 143, 163, 178; Eighteenth, 114, 142; Twenty-first, 114, 118, 123, 141, 142; Twenty-second, 70; Twenty-third, 114, 131, 142; Twenty-fifth, 114, 122, 123, 124, 141, 142; Twenty-sixth, 70. Batteries: First (Buell's), 70, 72, 115, 116

Mitchell, General O.M., 25

Mobile & Ohio R.R., 91

Monterey, Tenn., 177, 186

Montgomery, Ala., 91

Moore, Colonel, 123, 141

Morgan, Colonel J.D., 70

Morrison, Colonel W.R., 39, 42

Mouton, Colonel, 138

Mower, Captain, 75

Mulligan, Colonel, 8, 9

Munford, Captain, 122

Murray, Ky., 26

Mussel Shoals, Tennessee River, 32

Nashville, Tenn., contemplated movement against, 26

Nebraska, troops of. Regiments: First, 44, 53, 116, 175

Neely, Colonel, 80

Nelson, General, 130, 158, 161, 163 et seq., 172, 176 et seq., 187

New Madrid, Mo., 19; situation of, 66; evacuation, 77, 78

New Orleans, Jackson, & Great Northern R.R., 91

Nispel, Lieutenant, 136

Norfolk, Ky., 19

Oak Creek, 100, 129, 135, 176, 177

Oglesby, Colonel R.J., 19, 31, 38, et seq.

Ohio, troops of. Regiments: Third, 173; Fourth, 116; Fifth, 116; Sixth, 105, 158, 166; Twentieth, 44, 48, 56, 62, 116, 163, 174, 175, 177; Twenty-fourth, 105, 158; Twenty-seventh, 70, 71; Thirty-ninth, 70, 71, 75; Forty-first, 165; Forty-third, 70, 86; Forty-sixth, 53, 96, 114, 133, 140; Forty-seventh, 53; Forty-eighth, 114, 134, 155, 162, 173; Forty-ninth, 172; Fifty-third, 102, 114, 126, 127, 128, 130, 134, 139, 172, 173; Fifty-fourth, 114, 148, 149; Fifty-sixth, 116, 163; Fifty-seventh, 102, 114, 126, 128, 129, 130, 134, 173; Fifty-eighth, 44, 53, 116; Sixty-third, 70; Sixty-eighth, 116, 163; Seventieth, 114, 129, 134; Seventy-first, 114, 148, 173; Seventy-second, 114; Seventy-sixth, 44, 53, 113, 175; Seventy-seventh, 114, 117, 126, 128, 129, 130, 134, 173; Seventy-eighth, 116; Eighty-first, 113, 134, 139, 143, 163, 172, 173, 178. Batteries: Fifth, 103, 115; Eighth (Margraff's), 115; Eleventh (Sands'), 70; Thirteenth (Myers'), 115, 150

Osage River, the, 10

Osceola, Mo., 10

Osterhaus, Colonel, 14

Otterville, Mo., 11

Owl Creek, 99, 132, 160, 167, 170, 174

Paducah, Ky., 18

Paine, General, 86

Palmer, General J.N., 69, 70

Palmyra, Mo., 8

Patriot, the Nashville, cited, 60, 61

Peabody, Colonel, 122, 141

Pearce, General, 4

Pea Ridge, battle of, 12, 13 et seq.

Perczell, Colonel N., 70

Phelps, Lieutenant, 30

Pillow, Fort, 19, 66, 80 (see Artillery)

Pillow, General G.H., 21; at Fort Donelson, 36, 45 et seq.; his advice in the Council at Fort Donelson, 57; leaves Fort Donelson, 59

Pilot Knob, Mo., 16

"Pittsburg," the, 46

Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., 130 et seq., 162, 163, 181; selected as the place of assembly of the army in West Tennessee, 99

Pleasant Point, Tenn., 79

Plummer, Colonel J.B. (afterward General), 17, 69, 70

Polk, General Leonidas, 18, 19, 128, 161, 169, 170; evacuates Columbus, 66; occupies Island Number Ten, 68

Pond, Colonel, 160, 169, 174

Pond, General, 129

Pope, General John, 7, 9, 10; made Major-General, 65; appointed to command the force against New Madrid and Island Number Ten, 66; lands at Commerce, 69; his conduct of the New Madrid campaign, 74 et seq.; goes into camp at Hamburg, 183; commands left wing of the Army of the Mississippi, 184; advances from Hamburg, 186; occupies Farmington, 187, 189, 190; pushes on to Corinth, 191

Porter, Captain (afterward Commodore and Admiral), at Fort Henry, 30, 60

Powell, General, 142

Prentiss, General, at Pittsburg Landing, 102 et seq.; referred to, 158, 159; his loss in guns, 181

Price, General Sterling, 1, 2 et seq.; 7, 8, 10 et seq., 184

Pride, Colonel, 131

Pugh, Colonel, 151, 154

Purdy road, 136

Purdy, Tenn., 101

Raith, Colonel, 129

Rawlins, Captain (afterward General), 53

Reardon, Colonel, 134

Reelfoot, Lake, 67

Rice, Lieutenant-Colonel, 130

THE END