7. It lives both upon land and in the water. When in the water, it can open and shut its webbed feet like a fan, and so can swim rapidly.

8. When upon the land, it can not walk or run, but it gets along by hops. It sits on its hind feet, and suddenly straightens out its hind legs, and away it goes in a great leap.

9. When the cold weather comes, the frog crawls into some hole, or under the bank near the water, and goes to sleep for the winter.

10. The cold does not kill him, and, when the warm spring days come, he wakes up and comes out ready for the work which he is to do.



LESSON XLVII.

FROM TADPOLE TO FROG.



1. In the spring of the year the frog lays its eggs in the water. These eggs are small and round, but soon swell out to the size of a large pea. Each egg has in it a black speck, not much larger than a pin's head.

2. This speck grows, and in the course of a few days out comes a tadpole about half an inch long. Now, a tadpole has a round head, with a flat tail on one side, but no body.

3. The tadpole can swim with its tail, like a fish. On each side of the head is a small tuft of soft pink threads. These are gills, through which it can breathe the air which is in the water.

4. Then the body grows, and in a short time two little legs come out right where the tail joins the body. In a few days more two other legs come out just back of the eyes, and then we have a tadpole with four legs.

5. But now another change takes place. Lungs for breathing air begin to grow inside, and the gills become smaller. For a time the tadpole breathes partly in the water, with his gills, and partly in the air, with his lungs.

6. Next the gills dry up, and then it comes to the top of the water to breathe; and it looks very much like a frog, except that it has a tail.

7. At last the tail shrinks away, and the tadpole has become a perfect frog. In hot weather all these changes take place in a few weeks; but when it is cold, they take a longer time.

8. The frog, when full grown, can live on the land or in the water. It can stay under water some time, but must come to the top to breathe.



LESSON XLVIII.

MORE ABOUT FROGS.



1. Each Mrs. Frog lays about one thousand eggs, and if they all hatched and grew, every swampy country would soon be overrun with frogs.

2. But fish, birds, and serpents eat them in such numbers that they only about hold their own year by year. Some kinds of frogs are also found to be good food for men, and are caught for that purpose.

3. Frogs are lively and noisy in the first warm days of spring and summer. The little peeping frogs keep up their shrill music all night and day, and with it we hear the deep voice of the bull-frog, like a bass-drum heard at a distance.

4. The bull-frog is the largest of the frog kind. It eats worms, insects, and snails, and sometimes it even eats its own tadpoles.



5. In summer, we hear among the trees a shrill kind of whirring sound, which is kept up for a long time without any pause. This is the song of the tree-frog, sometimes called the tree-toad.

6. This is a very small frog. It is born in the water, like other frogs; but when it comes out in the spring, it climbs into the trees and lives there.

7. Its feet spread out into broad, flat toes, from the bottom of which comes out a sticky fluid. By means of these toes, which partly act as suckers, the frog can crawl along on the under side of branches without falling.

8. The color of the tree-frog is so much like that of the wood it clings to that it can not be seen unless we look very closely for it.



LESSON XLIX.

THE FRIENDLY TOAD.



1. The toad, which we find in our gardens and yards slowly crawling about, or making short hops, is a cousin of the frog, and is made very much like him.

2. The frog has a smooth skin; but the skin of the toad is thick, and is covered with warts. It has a larger mouth than the frog, and, on the whole, it can not be called handsome.

3. The toad, like the frog, is usually born in the water, and is at first a tadpole. When it loses its gills and tail, it comes out of the water and lives upon the land, until it goes into the water again in the spring to lay its eggs.

4. Sometimes the toad can not reach the water at the proper time, and then the tadpole changes to a perfect toad soon after it is hatched.

5. The toad feeds on insects, and is very useful about the garden, as it picks off the grubs and beetles that destroy the fruit and flowers.

6. It eats only living insects, and it never chases its prey. It will sit motionless until a fly or other insect comes within reach, and then it darts out its tongue so rapidly that the little victim can not escape.

7. It swallows its food whole. When it seizes a worm, it crams fold after fold into its mouth with its fore feet, and, when all is in, it gives one great gulp, and the worm disappears down the wide throat. The toad sleeps in some hole, or out-of-the-way place, during the day; but it comes out about sunset and searches for food all night.

8. Every few months the toad gets a new coat. Its old skin gets hard and dry, and cracks open on the back, showing a new skin under it. Then the toad pulls his head out, and pushes the old skin off his body and legs. When he has got it all off, he rolls it up into a ball and swallows it.

9. Toads live thirty or forty years, and often become quite tame. They will come at a call, and they seem to enjoy a gentle scratching. When held by the legs, they will catch the flies brought within their reach as readily as when at liberty.



LESSON L.

THE SNAIL AND ITS HOUSE.



1. In summer, when walking out in country places, we often find pretty little snail-shells. Some of these are empty, and some have a live snail within.

2. The shell is the snail's house. It is a queer house, as it grows on him, as hair grows on a cat; and he carries it about on his back when he walks.

3. The snail lives upon plants. In the day he finds some safe place under a stone, or in a hole, draws himself into his house, and goes to sleep. In the night he comes out and feeds.

4. When we catch a snail, and wish to look at him, we find that he has gone into his house, where we can not see him.

5. To make him come out, put a plate in warm water until it is about as warm as the hand. Then dip the shell into the water, and put it on the warm, wet plate.

6. Then the snail will come out. First, he will put his head out. Then from the front part of his head he win put out four soft horns, two long ones and two short ones.

7. His eyes are in the ends of his long horns. When the horns are out, if you watch close, you will see the eyes move up to the tips.

8. Next comes the body, which is soft, long, and flat. The shell is on the back, nearer the tail than to the head. It has a spiral twist, as is shown in the picture.

9. The snail's body, where it touches the ground when he moves, is called the foot. When he moves, the head reaches forward first and takes a firm hold, then the other parts come forward in turn, the tail last.

10. The snail can not crawl over a dry place; so, when he moves, a thick fluid comes out of his foot, moistening the surface as he passes along.

11. As he must be saving of this fluid, in dry weather he stays at home most of the time, and comes out only when it is wet enough to crawl about.

12. When the cold weather comes, the snail crawls away to some quiet place, usually under a log or a stone, draws himself into his house, makes a door to keep out the cold, and goes to sleep until spring.



LESSON LI.

THE FLY AND ITS WAYS.



1. Here is one of our friends that we know very well—the common house-fly. It is here drawn large on purpose, so that we can better see how it is made.

2. The fly is an insect. Its body is divided into three parts; and it has three pairs of legs. Upon its head are two large eyes, each of which is made up of about two thousand small eyes. When we look through a glass that makes things look large, we can see and count these little eyes of the fly.

3. Its feet are made in such a way that they will stick wherever it places them, so that it can crawl up the walls of the house, or on the ceiling, with its back down.

4. The fly's wings are light and thin, and made up of fine network. It has no jaws or teeth; and, instead of lips, it has a tube, or trunk, through which it sucks up its food, as we can suck milk through a straw.

5. When a fly lights on a lump of sugar, it puts out its trunk, and lets fall a drop of fluid, which is clear like water. This moistens the sugar, and then the fly sucks it up.



6. The fly keeps himself very clean. After each meal it brushes its head, first on one side, and then on the other, with its first pair of legs. Then it will rub the two legs together to get off the dirt.

7. The fly lays its eggs in the kind of food its young can eat. In a short time a little white grub hatches out, which does nothing but eat until it is of full size.

8. Then its skin becomes hard, and shrinks. It lies still, and does not eat anything for several days; but, inside its hard shell, wings are growing, and by-and-by the shell cracks open, and a full-grown fly comes out.

9. The blue-bottle fly has but two wings, while the common house-fly has four. This fly lays its eggs wherever it can find putrid meat, and the grubs which hatch out eat it all up, and so save us from evil odors and from breathing foul air.



LESSON LII.

THE ANIMALS' BALL.



"We'll dance all night," Cried the ants, with delight. "Pray tell me why?" Inquired a fly. "Because it's nice," Explained the mice. "Oh, very well!" Laughed the gazelle. "Yes; but where?" Demanded a hare. "Somewhere near," Suggested the deer. "Why not here?" Crowed chanticleer. "Yes, this will do," Said the kangaroo.



"Let's be smart!" Remarked the hart. "Fetch our gloves," Cried the doves. "And my glass," Brayed the ass. "Where's my brooch?" Howled the roach. "Curl my back hair," Ordered the mare. "Don't step on my tail!" Pleaded the whale. "Please take care!" Begged the hare. "Oh, my cravat!" Screamed a gnat. "I've lost my wig," Sobbed the pig. "Give me a chain!" Cried the crane. "My shirt's too narrow," Complained a sparrow. "What will you do?" Sighed the kangaroo. "None fine as I," Remarked the fly.



"Who will play For us to-day?" "I'll play the horn," Said the unicorn. "Who will pipe?" Asked the snipe. "Why, I!" Said a fly. "And I'll play the harp," Added the carp. "We are all ready now," Spoke out the cow. "Then form a row," Said the buffalo. "And now we'll dance," Again said the ants. Then danced the cuckoo With the kangaroo, The cat with the rat, The cow with the sow, The dog with the hog, The snail with the whale, The wren with the hen, The bear with the hare,



The lark with the shark, The ram with the lamb, The fox and the mare Made the last pair. "Now we will feast," Remarked a beast. "Take an ice!" Begged the mice. "Do drink this wine," Invited the swine. "Not just now," Objected the sow. "Let's have some beer," Said the deer. "But I prefer cider," Whispered a spider. "You must not think So much about drink," Said the cow With a bow. "It's a bad habit," Shouted the rabbit. At last the fly, With a tear in his eye, Gave his arm to the lark And went off in the dark. Away in a trice Scampered the mice.



Then the skate Said, "'Tis late." "I must go now," Remarked the sow. "It is too soon," Growled a baboon. "Not a bit, not a bit," Chirped a little tom-tit. And all the rest Agreed it was best, To say good-by, And homeward hie. So the cow Made her bow, The rat donned his hat, The whale fetched her veil; "Now, all farewell," Sighed the gazelle. Farewell, echoed all At the animals' ball.

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