 |
State, 17/253; p.93, master of the house. [[83 for 93]]
States, 55/821, nobles? 'de twaelf Genooten ofte Staten van Vranckrijck, The twelve Peeres or States of the Kingdome of France.' 1660. Hexham.
Staunche, 12/174; Fr. estancher, to stanch or stop the flow of liquid. Sp. estancar, to stop a leak; estanco, water-tight. A stanch vessel is one that will hold the water in or out, whence fig. stanch, firm, reliable. Wedgwood.
Staunche, 185/273, stop, stay.
Stealing dishes, to be watched against, 47/680.
Sted, 43/614, treated, served.
Steward, his duties, 194/521 (many are false, l.522); he sits on the dais in hall, 177/20; carries a staff, 187/354; 188/358; is to keep good order in hall, p.217, No. xiii.
Stewe or bath, p.66.
Stewed beef or mutton, 54/798.
Stewed pheasant, 48/688.
Stinking breath not to be cast on your lord, 20/302.
Stirring, don't be too, 259/18; p.261, l. S.
Stockdove, 25/397.
Stockfish, 39/558; p.98; 58/845; p.121. 'The Icelandic fare is not more inviting than the houses. Stockfish and butter eaten in alternate mouthfuls form the ordinary materials of a meal. The former, however, has to be pummelled on a stone anvil with a sledge hammer before even the natives can bite it; and, after it has undergone this preparation, seems, according to Mr Shepherd, to require teeth to the manner born. The latter is made from sheep's milk, and as it is kept through the winter in skins, becomes "rancid beyond conception in the early spring."' —Chronicle, Aug. 10, 1867, on Shepherd's North-West Peninsula of Iceland.
Stocks, the porter keeps the, 188/362.
Stomach the body's kitchen, 136/14-15.
Stomacher, 61/893; 168/30.
Stop strife between brothers, 185/271.
Stork; it snuffles, don't you, 211/59.
Stork, 28/433; 49/695; 157/4. See Pigmies.
Storuyn, 212/766, spoilt by cold. [[212 for 203]]
Stounde, 66/965, moment.
Straddle, don't, 214/151.
Strangers, honour them, 171/28; always admit, p.217, No. xv.; share good food with them, 256/169; the porter warns them, 188/368.
Strangers, visitors and residents, 75/1109-10.
Strawberies, 6/78; 7/82; p.85, note to l.81; 152/24.
Straynoure, p.146/14, strainer.
Streets, how boys are to walk in, 227/134.
Stretch your limbs, pp. 130, 133, 138.
Strife not to be allowed in a household, p.216, No. v.
Strive not with your lord, 183/226. See Master.
Strongere, 204/801, stranger, guest.
Strye, 183/223, destroy.
Stryke, 18/280, stroke. 'I stryke ones heed, as we do a chyldes whan he dothe well. Je applanie ... My father sayeth I am a good sonne, he dyd stryke my heed by cause I had conned my lesson without the booke.' Palsgrave. See also 'I stryke softely' and 'I stroke ones heed,' p.741, ed. 1852.
Strynge, p.151, carve.
Stuff, 42/592, 594, crab's flesh; 167/16, a crab's inside.
Stuff, 31/485, gravy?
Stuff your jaws, don't, 277, 278/31.
Sturgeon, 41/583; 52/746; 58/850; p.122; 166/16; salt, 57/836.
Stut, 236/706, to stutter, is a foul crime.
Subjects, their duty, 242/15.
Suffrigan, 70/1013; Fr. suffragant, A Suffragan, a Bishops deputie. Cot.
Sugar and mustard, the sauce for partridges, &c., 36/538.
Sugar and salt as a sauce, with Curlews, &c., 36/540.
Sugar, strewed on baked herrings, 50/722; 38/550.
Sugar candy (sugre candy, 10/139); 52/757; 135/11; p.141; 166/18.
Summedelasse, 204/808, some deal less.
Summer, the device of, 51/739-43.
Sun, face and neck to be kept from, 132/8.
Sup not your food up lowdly, 272/127; 277/40; 278/37; 179/69.
Supervisor, 195/544-5, surveyor.
Suppers to be light, p.131; to be larger than dinners, p.142. See the one in Sir Isumbras, Thornton Romances, p.235, &c.
Surnape, how to lay, p.16-17; p.92-3; 155/26; it was the upper towel or cloth for the master of the house to wipe his hands on after washing them when dinner was done. The sewer to bring it after dinner, 204/809-20.
Surueynge borde, 47/675, table or dresser on which the cook is to put the dishes for dinner.
Surveyor of the dishes for dinner, 46/672; 47/674, 676.
Surveyor, his duties, 195/545.
Suwe, 264/83; O.Fr. seure, sevre, Fr. suivre, L. sequor, follow.
Swallow, 28/438 (the bird).
Swan, 48/688; p.97; [[91 for 97]] how to carve, 26/402; to lyfte or carve, p.161.
Swan; its sauce is chaudon, 56/535; p.97; its skin is to be cut off, 165/15.
Swashbucklers, hanging good for, p.125.
Swear not, 270/75.
Swear no oaths, 277, 278/44.
Swearing, against, p.236, cap. xi. See Ascham's account and condemnation of it in 1545, Toxophilus, p.45, ed. Giles, and in his Schoolmaster, p.131, of the little child of four roundly rapping out his ugly oaths.
Sweet words, ware; the serpent was in 'em, 183/207.
Swenge, 96/1, beat up.
Swordfish, 41/582; p.118; salt, 57/836.
Swyng, p.145, beat, whip, mix.
Syce, 192/469, candle-stick or holder; but 'Syse, waxe candell, bougee.' Palsgrave in Halliwell.
Syde, p.151, carve.
Syles, 200/695, strains. See Corrigenda.
Sylour, 191/445, tester and valances of a bed.
Hur bede was off aszure, With testur and celure, With a bry[gh]t bordure Compasyd ful clene.
Sir Degrevant, l.1473-6; p.238. A tester ouer the beadde, canopus. Withals.
Symple condicions (how to behave when serving at table, &c.), p.18; p.93. [[83 for 92]]
Synamome, 10/131, 136.
Syngeler, 79/1184, single.
Syngulerly, 73/1074, 1079, by itself.
Table for dinner, how the ewer and panter are to lay it, p.199-201.
Table, how to lay and serve the, pp. 13-18; how to wait at, p.229, cap. iii.
Table, how to behave when sitting at, 231/423; 255/136; 263/39; 265/15; 270/94.
Table-cloth, don't dirty it with your knife, 180/110; 272/119; 277/39; 278/40; or wipe your teeth on it, 180/115.
Table-knife, 22/334, ? a broad light knife for lifting bread-trenchers on to the table.
Table-knives, 152/13.
Tacches, 20/306, faults, ill manners.
Tacchis, p.261, l. K; 258/10; tricks, ways; tetch'e, or maner of condycyone, mos, condicio. Prompt. He that gentyl is, wylle drawe hym vnto gentil tatches, and to folowe the custommes of noble gentylmen. Caxton's Maleore, v. i. p.250, ed. 1817.
Take leave of all the company after dinner, 271/91-3.
Take the best bit, don't, 277, 278/45.
Talwijs, p.261, l. T; 259/19; full of slander; A.S tl, reproach, blame, slander, accusation, false witness, a fable, tale, story. Bosworth (from whom all the A.S. words are quoted). Du. taalvitter, a censorious critick. Sewel. 'Talu has for its first signification censure; and "wise at censure," censorious, is an ancient Momus.' Cockayne.
Talk at meals, don't, 267/51; 272/101.
Talk loud, don't, 277, 278/30.
Talk too much, don't, 269/58; 219/6; 279, 280/74.
Talking to any man, how to behave when, p.235, cap. vii.; 252/64; 270/65; 275, 276/16.
Tamed, 23/345, trimmed, or ? cut down.
Tampyne, 5/68, a stopper.
Tansey, 159/26; is good hot, 33/503.
Tansy cake, p.96.
Tansye fryed, 161/10.
Tansey gyse, a, 52/749, a dish of tansey of some kind.
Tantablin, 96/14, a kind of tart.
Tapet, 193/484, cloth.
Tapetis, 192/457, 460, cloths, carpets, or hangings.
Tarrer, p.5, l.65, l.71, an auger. Tarere por percier. De L'Oustillement au Villain. ed. 1833, p.10. Tarr ... Hauing an ouerture or hole. Tar, worme-eaten, or full of holes. Cot.
Tarryours, 152/14, augers.
Tartlett, 35/521.
Tarts, 161/4; 164/29.
Tast, 63/922, test, try.
Taste every dish, 256/165.
Tastynge, 80/1195-9 (tasting or testing food, to see that there's no poison in it), is only done for a king, &c., down to an earl, 193/495-6. See Credence.
Tattle, don't, 264/78.
Tayme, p.151, cut up.
Teal, p.164, last line; how to carve, 26/401; p.95; p.163.
Teal pie, 31/481.
Teeth, to be washed, 226/100; to be kept white, 213/121; how to keep clean, p.134.
Teeth not to be picked at meals, 255/150; 263/54; 20/301; 232/495; not to be picked with a knife, 277, 278/42; or a stick at meals, 180/93.
Temper, 42/595, season, sauce; 44/636, mix.
Temper thy tongue and belly, 232/476.
Temperance is best, p.261, l. T; 259/19.
Temporaunce, 130/4, moderate temperature.
Tenants, to be asked after, p.218, No. xvi.
Tench, how to carve, 41/586; p.122.
Tenche in gelly, 166/14.
Tene, 21/319, trouble.
Tene, 64/934, vex, trouble.
Tent, heed, attention.
Tent, 190/430, attend to, take charge of.
Tepet, 179/92, a man's tippet.
Testudo, p.123, the tortoise or turtle.
an, 53/785, that, which.
Thank him who gives you food, 271/92.
aughe, 52/761, though.
The, 263/32, thrive.
egre, 264/66, degree, state.
Theologicum, 87/7, the monks wine.
Think before you speak, 252/71.
Third man, never be, 185/287.
o, 262/5, do, put.
Thornback, 41/584; p.99, two notes; 58/844; 167/10; 168/11.
Thorpole, 167/10. See Thurle-polle.
Three or four at a mess, 171/13; 72/1057.
Threpole, 168/8; ? thurlepolle.
Throat, don't get food into your wrong one, or it will do for you, 180/99.
Thrushes, 28/438; 37/543; 165/3.
Thumb, don't dip yours into your drink, 181/127.
Thurle-polle, 41/584; p.99; salt, 57/837.
Thye, p.151, carve.
Ti[gh]t, 74/1095, draws, grows, from A.S. teon.
Time (a) for all things, 234/587.
Tintern, the abbot of, the poorest of all abbots, 76/1142.
Tintinalus, a fish, p.122.
Toes, keep 'em still, 186/320.
Tome, 177/10, opportunity.
Tongue; don't let yours walk, 232/472; don't poke it out and in, 212/97; charm it, 229/284.
Tooth-picker (A.D. 1602), p.136, p.142; Sp. escarvadientes, a tooth-picker, a tooth-scraper. 1591, Percivale, by Minsheu, 1623.
Top crust for the lord, 139/342; p.271. [[139 for 23]]
Torches, 193/508; 205/825.
Torn clothes to be mended, 226/102.
Tornsole, 153/25; 154/1; Pegge says 'Not the flower Heliotrope, but a drug. Northumb. Book, p.3, 19. I suppose it to be Turmeric. V. Brooke's Nat. Hist. of Vegetables, p.9, where it is used both in victuals and for dying.' Forme of Cury, p.38. See Turnsole.
Torrentyne of Ebrew, 9/119; p.90, No. 11; a sweet wine.
Torrentyne, 57/835; p.107; the trout. Fr. torrentin is 'Belonging to, or abiding in, torrents, or swift and violent streames.' Cot. See Turrentyne.
Torrentille, 38/548; p.98, a fish. ? what.
Tortes, 193/492; p.193, note 2, a kind of light; 193/510; 205/825; 204/note 1. [[193 for 192]]
Totter, don't, 214/151.
Towel, don't dirty it at dinner, 263/52.
Towel, a narrow and a broad, to wash with after dinner, 204/811.
Towel, 2 knights to hold before the lord's sleeves, 201/713.
Towse, 53/781, ? oakum.
Trace, 46/664, way; 234/630, track, path.
Trample not with your feet, 20/299.
Transsene, p.151, cut up.
Traunche, p.151, cut up.
Tre, 201/701, wood.
Treasurer, his duties, 196/573-94; he sits on the dais in hall, 177/20.
Treatablie, 230/323, distinctly.
Trencher bread, 4/56; p.84; to be 4 days old, 152/7. 'Item that the Trenchor Brede be maid of the Meale as it cummyth frome the Milne.' Northumberland H. Book, p.58.
Trenchere lovis, 14/197; p.84; 154/35; p.157; loaves of coarse unsifted meal; the panter to bring in three, 200/667.
Trencher-knife, p.22, note 2; 152/3.
Trencher, no filth to be on, 269/73; not to be loaded with scraps, 277/48; 278/48.
Trenchers, how to be laid on table, p.22; four to the lord, and one a-top, 201/723; p.160, and the collations of the first edition.
Trestis, 204/822, trestles.
Trestuls, 189/389; trestles, 192/464.
Tretably, 235/673, ? Fr. traictable, courteous, gracious, tractable, pliant, facile, intreatable. Cotgrave.
Trete, 43/612, trouble?
Treteable, 279, 280/78; Fr. traictable.
Trifelynge, 19/287, ? rocking, swaying about.
Trinity, bless oneself with, 181/149.
Trompe, the crane's, 28/431-2; 159/5.
Trout, 40/578; 51/735; p.123; 167/9.
True, be, in word and deed, 268/41.
Trusse, 62/898, pull.
Tunny, p.97, note on l.533.
Turbot, 41/583; 51/735; 167/10; fresh, 59/852.
Turnsole, 9/123; 11/143; p.91; turnesole is used to make pownas colour (? pownas, puce) in Forme of Cury, recipe 68, p.38. See Tornsole.
Turrentyne salt, 168/7.
Turrentyne, sele, 166/25; p.174.
Tursons, p.50, note 6.
Tuske, p.151, carve.
Tutia, 135/10, for Tutia; Fr. Tuthie: f. Tutie; a medicinable stone or dust, said to be the heauier foyle of Brasse, cleauing to the vpper sides and tops of Brasse-melting houses: and such doe ordinary Apothecaries passe away for Tutie; although the true Tutie be not heauie, but light and white like flocks of wooll, falling into dust as soon as it is touched; this is bred of the sparkles of brasen furnaces, whereinto store of the minerall Calamine, beaten to dust, hath been cast. Cotgrave.
Two at a mess, who may sit, 72/1049; 179/7; [[179 for 171]] who, two or three, 72/1051-5; carver is to put on, 179/9.
Two fingers and thumb, carver is to put, on a knife, 21/320; p.157.
Two fingers, a lord to eat with, 30/467.
Twopence or threepence a day, the wages of a groom or page, 198/619-20.
Twynkelynge, 18/281, blinking.
Twyte, 256/179, hack; 'telwyn, or thwytyn (twhytyn, twytyn). Abseco, reseco.' P. Parv.
Tyer, 153/21, Tyrian wine.
Tyere, p.151, cut up.
Tymbre that fyre, p.151, put wood on it.
Tyre, 9/119; p.90, No. 9, a sweet wine.
Unbrace, p.151, carve.
Unbrushen, 64/944.
Uncleanness to be abhorred, p.140.
Uncountabulle, 195/544, not accountable to any other officer of the household?
Uncover thy head when talking to any man, 236/722.
Undefied, 23/359, ? unqualified, unguarded against, uncooked.
Undercrust of a loaf to be cut in three, 178/39.
Undertraunche, p.151, cut up.
Undress by the fire, p.136; in winter, p.142.
Undressing described, p.169; and going to bed, 193/487, &c., 194/516.
Unfed, better than untaught, 236/725.
Unjoint, p.151, carve.
Unlace, 21/315, 322; p.151, carve (a cony); 26/410 (a capon).
Unsunken, 191/441.
Untache, p.151, carve.
Upbrayde, 25/395, reproach.
Upper-crust of a loaf for the lord, 23/342; p.157 at foot; to be cut in four, 178/37.
Upright, sit, 270/93.
Upright, p.129, with the face upwards. "I throwe a man on his backe or upright, so that his face is upwarde. Je renuerse." Palsgrave.
Urinal, 169/34. See Vrnelle.
Urine, retain it not, 214/145.
Usher, the duties of one, p.69-78; p.170-2.
Usher of the Chamber, 190/432; his duties, 192/473 to 194/520; he carries the smallest wand, 187/354.
Usher and marshal; all other household officers obey him, 79/1180.
Valadyne gynger, 10/132.
Valance, 191/447, hangings of a bed.
Vampeys, 61/894.
Vantage, 198/635, gain, perquisites.
Vaunte, fryter, 157/2, ? meat.
Veal, 54/807.
Veal, verjuice its sauce, 36/534.
Veele, 31/486, veal.
Velany, 178/56, abusing.
Velvet, 62/914.
Venator, 198/628-9, the huntsman.
Venemous, don't be, p.261, l. V.
Venesoun, how to carve, 25/383-91; Andrew Borde's opinion of, p.94-95.
Veniable, p.261, l. V, revengeful.
Venison, 37/542; how to carve, 158/13.
Venison baked, 48/689; p.101; roast, 28/444; 49/694; 165/2.
Venison pastey, 31/489.
Venprides, 55/820. ?
Ventes, 159/13, anus; p.162, l.3 from foot.
Venure, 31/489, beast that is hunted.
Vewter, 198/631, fewterer; 'in hunting or coursing, the man who held the dogs in slips or couples, and loosed them; a dog-keeper.' Halliwell. Vaultre, a mongrel between a hound and a maistiffe; fit for the chase of wild bears and boars. Cot. 'The Gaulish hounds of which Martial and Ovid speak, termed vertagi, or veltres, appear to have been greyhounds, and hence the appellations veltro, Ital., viautre, vaultre, Fr., Welter, Germ. The Promptorium gives "Grehownde, veltres," p.209. Various details regarding the duties of the "foutreres," and their fee, or share of the produce of the chace, will be found in the Mayster of Game, Vesp. B. xii, fol. 99, 104, b.' Way in Promptorium, p.291.
Verjuice, 58/841, 843.
Verjuice, p.159, 168/9, at foot.
Verjuice, the sauce for boiled capon, &c., 36/534; for crab, 42/596; with goose, 164/3.
Vernage, 9/118; p.87, No. 1; 153/22.
Ryche she tham drewe Vernage and Crete. Sir Degrevant, p.235, l.1408, l.1703.
Vernagelle, 9/118; p.87, No. 2.
Viant, 33/501, ? meat.
Viaunt, fruture, 48/689, meat fritters?
Vicars, rank of, 71/1031.
Vice, avoid, 234/610.
Vilony, 265/8; 266/10, discourtesy, rudeness; p.261, l. V.
Vinegar, 57/835; 58/847.
Vinegar as a sauce, 36/536.
Vinegar for crayfish, 43/611.
Vines, tender, with goose, 164/2.
Virtue, the first of, 232/493.
Viscount, rank of, 70/1013; 72/1049.
Vngry[gh]t, 202/751, undished?, not uncooked.
Vnhynde, 179/80, ungentle, uncourteous.
Vnkende, 204/816, ? unsuitably; A.S. uncynd, unnatural, unsuitable.
Vnkunnynge, 252/54, want of knowledge.
Vnskilfully, without reason; O.N. skil, reason.
Voider, put your scraps into it, 272/131; one to be on the table, 230/376, 358; 231/382. 'A Voider to take vp the fragmentes, vasculum fragmentarium, analactarium, vel aristophorum.' Withals. Fr. Portoire, Any thing that helpes to carry another thing; as a Voyder, Skep, Scuttle, Wheelebarrow, &c. Cotgrave.
Vomit away from company, 213/117.
Voyd, 50/716, clear.
Voydance, 262/20. The side-note is doubtless wrong; the getting it out of the way applies to the snetyng of the line above. But see 214/145-7.
Voyder, 272/131, vessel to empty bones and leavings into.
Vrbanitatis, p.262-4.
Vre, 78/1173; 236/716, custom, practice.
Vrinal, 137/15, a glass vessel in which urine could be looked at and through.
Vrnelle, 63/926; 66/971; Fr. Vrinal, an Vrinall; also, a Jordan, or Chamberpot. Cot.
Wade not too deep, 259/21; p.261, l. W.
Wadrop, 190/429, wardrobe.
Wafers to eat, 50/715; 52/759; 55/816; 157/11; 166/19.
Wager, don't lay with your lord, 184/227.
Wages of grooms and yeomen kept account of by the Clerk of the Kitchen, 195/556; of grooms and pages, 197/617-20; paid by the Treasurer, 196/585.
Walk gently in the morning, p.140.
Walk decently, 214/157.
Wall, don't make it your mirror, 275, 276/11.
Walle-wort, 68/992.
Waloande, 179/63, guggling, speaking with the mouth full.
Wand, teeth not to be picked with, 180/94.
Wanhope, 3/30, despair.
Wanton laughing is wrong, 276/20.
Wantons, young, want hanging, p.125.
Warden of a craft, 78/1160.
Wardrobe, 64/940; is in the Usher's charge, 193/479.
Wardrop, 196/565.
Wardropere, 193/481, keeper of the wardrobe.
Warm water to wash hands in, 62/902.
Warm your clothes in winter, p.143.
Warming-pan, p.136, last line.
Wash (vasshe) before going to bed, a lord does, 194/513.
Wash in summer, not winter, p.138.
Wash on rising, your hands, 226/74; before eating, 187/343; 265/9; and face, 266/13; before leaving the table, 271/84; after meals, 257/193; p.142.
Washing after dinner, how done, 201/713-21; 231/403-416; 257/200.
Washing directed, p.130; p.139.
Wastable, 13/179.
Waste not, 259/20; p.261, l. W; 269/56.
Wate, 201/739, know.
Water, how to assay, 202/702.
Water, Ewerer to give, to all, 200/643.
Water for the teeth, W. Vaughan's, p.134.
Water-leech, slippers to be brown like one, 60/874.
Watery, 18/282.
Wax, all candles & morters of, 204/827-33.
Wayte, 17/265, watch; 28/436, take care.
Wayue, 186/322, glance, move, let wander.
Wearisome, 52/751.
Weldsomly, 2/17, at will.
Welke, marceo, to welke, sicut flores. marcidus, welked. emerceo, to wax drie and welkynge. Gloss. Reliq. Ant. v. 1, p.6.
Wesselle clothes, 188/367, ? cloths, for vessells.
Weste, Richard, his Schoole of Vertve, referred to, p. 207; his acrostic, p.208.
Westminster, the Abbot of, 76/1141.
Wether or ram, p.105, note on l.799. [[779 for 799]]
Whale, likes harmony, p.116. Fr. Tinet: m. The Whall tearmed a Horlepoole, or Whirlepoole. Cot.
Whale, roast, how to carve, 41/581; salt, 57/837; 168/8.
Whelk, how to carve a, 44/624.
Whelks, 52/747; 166/17. Fr. Turbin. The shell-fish called a Welke or Winkle. Cot.
Whene, 195/548, ? same as cweme, agreeable.
Whileere, 24/377, a time ago, before.
Whils, 254/133, until.
Whisper, don't, 253/95; 269/54.
Whispering, avoid it, 184/250.
White bread, 7/92; 200/686.
White herrings, 45/642.
White payne or bread, 14/204.
Whiting, 40/575; 58/845; how to carve, 167/6.
Whole-footed fowls, skin of, is wholesome, 165/19.
Whot, 52/757, ? white, not "hot," as in side note: cf. blaundrelle, 50/714.
Widgeon, 165/1.
Wife, is to honour her husband, 185/267; takes her husband's rank, 74/1092. On the first of June, 1582, John Wolfe paid the Stationers' Company 8d. for a licence "to imprinte two ballades," of which the latter was "a settinge forth of the variety of mens mindes, esteaminge rather welth with a wanton wife, then vertue in a modeste mayde." Collier's Extracts, ii. 165. For variety in this entry, Mr Collier proposes to read vanity. See also the ballad,
Faine would I have a vertuous wife Adorned with all modestie,
in Collier's Extracts, i. 162-3.
Wight, quick, nimble. Swed. vig.
Wild, don't be, 182/156.
Wild boar, 48/686.
Sche brou[gh]t fram the kychene A scheld of a wylde swyne, Hastelettus in galantyne. Sir Degrevant, p.235, l.1397-9.
Wind, let it out with secresy, 214/145.
Windows of a bedroom to be shut at night, p.129.
Wine, livery or allowance of, 205/843.
Wines, 8/109; sweet, p.9; p.86-7; the names of, p.153.
Wing, cut under, not over, in whole-footed birds, 164/5.
Wings of smaller birds, the best bits, 27/418; 30/473.
Winter, the Device of, 52/766.
Wipe your mouth before drinking, 272/105.
Wipe your nose, don't, 274/141.
Wise men eat the fish, 219/12.
Wisps of straw for bed-making, 191/439.
Wite, wot, know, A.S. witan.
Withy leaves in a bath, 69/995.
Wives, the duty of, 242/9.
Wolfskin garments for winter, p.139.
Woman (?) not to sit at a Bishop's table, p.216, No. x.
Woman-kind, speak never uncourteously of, 184/259.
Woman's milk, 135/13.
Wombelonge, 29/451, belly-wise, on its belly.
Won, 197/605, supply.
Wont, 182/190, wants, fails.
Woodcock, 37/542; p.98; 49/697; 165/1; how to carve, 27/421; p.163.
Woollen cloth to be brushed every week, 64/943.
Work after meals to be avoided, p.131.
Worship God, 182/157.
Worshipfulle, sb., 45/655, worshipful person.
Worth, 272/114, estimation.
Worthier men, let them be helped first, 263/45.
Wortus, 34/517; A.S. wyrt, wurt, 1. wort, a herb, plant, a general name for all sorts of herbs, scented flowers, and spices; 2. a root. (Bosworth.)
Wralling, 211/60, wawling, caterwauling, 'quarrelling or contending with a loud voice.' Halliwell.
Wrap bread stately, how to, 14/209; 155/10.
Wrappe, sb., 14/212, cover.
Wrappe, 14/212, wrap, cover.
Wrapper, 15/224; 155/13.
Wrast, 178/26, wresting, twist.
Wrawd, 42/590, froward.
Wrinkled, don't let your countenance be, 210/41.
Wry not your neck askew, 19/285.
Wyn, 191/447; A.S. wyn, joy, pleasure.
Wyneberries, 6/78; p.85.
Wynge, p.151, carve.
Wynkyn de Worde's Boke of Keruynge, p.147-74.
Wynkynge, 18/282.
Wynne, 270/79; A.S. win, labour (not wyn, win, pleasure).
Wyt, 268/41, will.
[Gh]ane, 19/294, yawn; A.S. ganian.
Yardehok, 67/991.
Yawn not, 19/294; when you do, hide behind a napkin, 211/82.
Y-chaffed, 61/893, warmed; Fr. chauff.
Ycoruyn, 203/765, carved, cut.
Yeoman of the Crown, 71/1033.
Yeoman-usher is under the marshal, 189/383.
Yeomen in hall, 178/27.
Yerbis, 48/687, herbs.
[Gh]ett, 22/339, formerly ?, see l.204.
Y[gh]es, 35/527, eyes.
Ygraithed, 15/225, prepared.
Ynons, 40/569; p.98, onions.
Yn-same, 271/93, in the same way. Cut out the hyphen.
[Gh]omon of chambur, 193/507.
[Gh]omon-ussher, sleeps all night on the floor at his lord's door, 194/519.
York, Archbp. of, 73/1078; Bps. of, l.1081.
Youth, if lawless, old age despised, 219/14.
Ypocras, how to make it, p.9-12; p.153.
Ypocras, 52/759; 166/19.
Ypocras to drynk, 50/715.
Yoxinge, 19/298, note 4. I yeske, I gyue a noyse out of my stomacke. Je engloute. When he yesketh next, tell hym some straunge newes, and he shall leave it. Palsg.
Ypullished, 4/63, polished.
Yse, 81/1222, look at.
Ywys, 250/12; A.S. gewis, certainly.
Zole, 51/737, sole ?
ADDITIONS TO INDEX.
[Transcriber's Note:
This page is retained for completeness. All items have been added to the main Index, marked as [[added by editor]] in double brackets.]
Brawn of boar: this was the first dish at dinner in Harrison's time, 1577-87; see his Description of Britain, bk. iii, ch. 1 (N. Sh. Soc.).
Dischmetes, 34/514.
Galingale: Sp. Jncia avellanda, Jnca odorso, galingale. —Minsheu.
Girls: home-education, xxv, xv, &c.
Leche fryture: see Leschefrites, leschefrayes, in the index to the Mnagier de Paris.
Musclade is Span. mezclada, mixture. Ital. mescolanza is used, in Genoa at least, for a fry of small fish.—H.H. Gibbs. Minsheu has mzela, mscla or mezcladura, a medlie, mingling.
Peacock: as to his voice, see Roberts's Fables Indits, T. Wright's Piers Plowman, ii. 548.
Raspise: All maner of wynes be made of grapes, excepte respyce, the whiche is made of a berye.—A. Borde, Dyetary of Wynes, sign. F. i.
Remyssailes: leavings.
* * * * * * * * *
Errata (noted by transcriber):
Minor punctuation irregularities such as missing periods (full stops) were silently corrected. Here and elsewhere, inconsistent hyphenization of "Salt(-)cellar" is unchanged.
To save the repetition of _p._ and _l._ [repitition] _Cena Domini_ [_note 189/398 printed as "95/398": linenote 5_398 on p. 95_] Michaelmas to Christmas, feasts from, p.164. [Chrismas]
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
[Postscript, added after the Index had been printed.]
Ffor to serve a lord.
[From the Rev. Walter Sneyd's copy of Mr Davenport Bromley's MS.]
[Transcriber's Note:
In long paragraphs, sidenotes are labeled [a], [b]... Numbered sidenotes are from the original text.]
Mr Sneyd has just told me that Mr Arthur Davenport's MS. How to serve a Lord, referred to in my Preface to Russell, p. lxxii., is in fact the one from Mr Sneyd's copy of which his sister quoted in her edition of the 'Italian Relation of England' mentioned on pp. xiv. xv. of my Forewords. Mr Sneyd says: 'I made my copy nearly forty years ago, during the lifetime of the late Mr A. Davenport's grandfather, who was my uncle by marriage. I recollect that the MS. contains a miscellaneous collection of old writings on various subjects, old recipes, local and family memoranda, &c., all of the 15th century, and, bound up with them in the old vellum wrapper, is an imperfect copy of the first edition of the Book of St Alban's. On Mr Arthur Davenport's death, last September, the MS. (with the estates) came into the possession of Mr Davenport Bromley, M.P., but a long time must elapse before it can be brought to light, as the house you mention is still unfinished, and the boxes of books stowed away in confusion.' On my asking Mr Sneyd for a sight of his copy, he at once sent it to me, and it proved so interesting— especially the Feast for a Bride, at the end— that I copied it out directly, put a few notes to it, and here it is.[1] For more notes and explanations the reader must look the words he wants them for, out in the Index at the end of Part II. The date of the Treatise seems to me quite the end of the 15th century, if not the beginning of the 16th. The introduction of the Chamber, p.356, the confusion of the terms of a Carver, 'unlose or tire or display,' p.357—enough to make a well-bred Carver faint: even Wynkyn de Worde in 1508 and 1513 doesn't think of such a thing—the cheese shred with sugar and sage-leaves, p.355, the 'Trenchours of tree or brede,' l.16, below, &c., as well as the language, all point to a late date. The treatise is one for a less grand household than Russell, de Worde, and the author of the Boke of Curtastye prescribed rules for. But it yields to none of the books in interest: so in the words of its pretty 'scriptur' let it welcome all its readers:
"Welcombe you bretheren godely in this hall! Joy be unto you all that en[2] this day it is now fall! that worthy lorde that lay in an Oxe stalle mayntayne your husbonde and you, w{i}t{h} your gystys all!"
[I. Of laying the Cloth and setting out the Table.]
Ffirst, in servise of all thyngys in pantery and botery, and also for the ewery. ffirst, table-clothis, towelles longe and shorte, covertours[3] and napkyns, be ordeyned clenly, clene and redy accordyng to the tyme. Also basyns, ewers, Trenchours of tree or brede, sponys, salte, and kervyng knyves.
[Sidenote: 1. Have your table-cloths and napkins ready, also trenchers, salts, &c.]
Thenne ayenst tyme of mete, the boteler or the ewer shall brynge forthe clenly dressed and fayre applyed[3] Tabill-clothis, and the cubbord-clothe, cowched uppon his lefte shulder, laying them uppon the tabill ende, close applied[4] unto the tyme that he have firste coverd the cubbord; and thenne cover the syde-tabillis, and laste the principall tabill with dobell clothe drau{n}, cowched, and spradde unto the degre, as longeth therto in festis.
[Sidenote: 2.Bring your cloths folded, lay them on the table, then cover the cupboard, the side-table, and the chief table.]
Thenne here-uppon the boteler or panter shall bring forthe his pryncipall salte, and iiij or v loves of paryd brede, havyng a towaile aboute his nekke, the tone half honge or lying uppon his lefte arme unto his hande, and the kervyng knyves holdyng in the ryght hande, iuste unto the salte-seler beryng.
[Sidenote: 3. Bring out the chief salt-cellar, and pared loaves, and hold the carving-knives in your right hand.]
Thenne the boteler or panter shall sette the seler in the myddys of the tabull accordyng to the place where the principall soverain shalle sette, and sette his brede iuste couched unto the salte-seler; and yf ther be trenchours of brede, sette them iuste before the seler, and lay downe faire the kervyng knyves, the poynts to the seler benethe the trenchours.
[Sidenote: 4.Put your chief salt-cellar before the chief person's seat, his bread by it, and his trenchers before it.]
Thenne the seconde seler att the lower ende, with ij paryd loves[5] therby, and trenchours of brede yf they be ordeyned; and in case be that trenchours of tree shalbe ordeyned, the panter shall bryng them with nappekyns and sponys whenne the soverayne is sette att tabill.
[Sidenote: 5.Put the second salt-cellar at the lower end. If wooden trenchers are used, bring them on.]
Thenne after the high principall tabill sette with brede & salte, thenne salte-selers shall be sette uppon the syde-tablys, but no brede unto the tyme such people be sette that fallith to come to mete. Thenne the boteler shall bryng forth basyns, ewers, and cuppis, Pecys,[6] sponys sette into a pece, redressing all his silv{er} plate, upon the cubbord, the largest firste, the richest in the myddis, the lighteste before.
[Sidenote: 6.Put salt-cellars on the side-tables. 7.Bring out your basins, &c., and set all your plate on the cupboard.]
[II. Of Washing after Grace is said.]
Thenne the principall servitours moste take in ij handys, basyns and ewers, and towell, and therwith to awayte and attende unto the tyme that the grace be fully saide; and thenne incontynent after grace saide, to serve water with the principall basyn and ewer unto the principall soverayne, and ij principall servitours to holde the towell under the basyn in lenght before the sovrayne; and after that the sovrayne hath wasshe, to yeve thenne water unto such as ben ordeyned to sytte at the sovrayne-is messe.
[Sidenote: 8. Let the chief servants have basins, &c., ready, and after Grace, hold the best basin to the chief lord, with the towel under; and then let his messmates wash.]
[III. Of the Lord & Guests taking their Seats, & getting their Trenchers, Spoons, Napkins, & Bread.]
Thenne after the wesshing servid, the sovrayne will take his place to sitte, and to hym such persons as hit pleaseth hym to have. uppon which tyme of sittyng, the servitorys moste diligently a-wayte to serve them of qussyons, and after that done, to make such personys to be sette at the lower messe as the principall soverayne aggrees that be convenyent.
[Sidenote: 9. The chief lord takes his seat, then his messmates theirs; then the lower-mess people theirs.]
[a]Be it remembrid that evermore at the begynnyng of grace the covertour of brede shalbe avoyded and take away. [b]thenne the karver, havyng his napkyn at all tymes uppon his left hand, and the kervyng knyf in his right hande, and he shall take uppon the poynte of his knyf iiij trenchours, [c]and so cowche them iustely before the principall, iij lying iustely to-geder, ij under, and on{e} uppon, and the fowerth before, [d]iustely for to lay uppon salte. and the next, lay iij trenchours; [e]and soo iij or ij after her degree. [f] therto the boteler most be redy with sponys and napkyns, that ther as the trenchours be cowched, lay the spone and the napkyn therto, and soo thorowe the borde.
[Sidenote: [a](When Grace begins, the bread cover is to be taken away.) [b] 10.The Carver takes 4 trenchers on his knife-point, [c]and lays them before the chief lord, [d](one to put his salt on,) [e]and 3 or 2 before the less people. [f] 11.The Butler gives each man a spoon and a napkin.]
Thenne the kerver shall take into his hande on or ij loves, and bere hem to the syde-tabill ende, and ther pare hem quarter on first, and bring hym hole to-geder, and cowche ij of the beste before the sovrayne, and to others by ij or on after ther degree.
[Sidenote: 12.The Carver pares 2 loaves, lays 2 before his lord, and 2 or 1 to the rest.]
[IV. Of the Courses of the Dinner.]
[First Course.]
Thenne the kerver or sewer most asserve[A] every disshe in his degre, after order and course of servise as folowith: first, mustard and brawne, swete wyne shewed therto.[7]
[Sidenote: 13. Serve brawn,]
[Textnote A: ? Assewe.]
POTAGE.
Befe and moton. swan or gese. grete pies, capon or fesaunt; leche, or fretours. Thenne yef potage be chaungeabill after tyme and season of the yere as fallith, as here is rehercid: by example, ffor befe and moton ye shall take
Pestelles or chynys of porke, or els tonge of befe, or tonge of the harte powderd;[8] Befe stewed, chekyns boylyd, and bacon.
[Sidenote: beef, swan, pheasant, fritters. As a change for beef, have legs or chines of pork, or tongue of ox or hart.]
[The Second Course.]
Thenne ayenste the secunde cours, be redy, and come in-to the place. [a]the kerver muste avoyde and take uppe the service of the first cours,—begynnyng at the lowest mete first,—and [b]all broke cromys, bonys, & trenchours, before the secunde cours and servise be served. [c]thenne the seconde cours shall be served in manner and fourme as ensample thereof here-after folowyng:
[d]Potage. pigge Conye Crane heronsewe betoure Egrete Corlewe wodecok Pert[r]igge Plover Snytys quaylys ffretours leche la{m}me stewed Kidde rosted Veneson rosted heronsewe betoure pigeons [e]Rabetts [f]a bake mete Stokke-dovys stewed cony telys malard [g]wodecok [h]grete byrdys
[Sidenote: [a] 14.Clear away the 1st course, [b]crumbs, bones, and used trenchers. [c] 15. Serve the Second Course: [d]Small birds, lamb, kid, venison, [e]rabbits, [f]meat pie, [g]teal, woodcock. [h]Great birds.]
[V. How to clear the Table.]
After the seconde cours served, kerved, and spente, hit must be sene, [a]cuppys to be fillid, trenchours to be voyded. thenne by goode avysement the tabill muste be take uppe in manner as folowith:—first, when tyme foloweth,[B] [b]the panter or boteler muste gader uppe the sponys; after that done by leyser, the sewer or carver shall be-gynne at the loweste ende, [c]and in order take uppe the lowest messe; after the syde-tabill be avoyded and take uppe, and thenne to procede to the Principall tabill, and ther honestly and clenly avoyde and withdrawe all the servise of the high table. [d]ther-to the kerver muste be redy, and redely have a voyder to geder in all the broke brede, trenchours, cromys lying upon the tabill; levyng none other thyng save the salte-seler, hole brede (yf any be lefte), and cuppys.
[Sidenote: [a] 16. Fill men's cups and remove their trenchers. [b] 17.Collect the spoons. [c] 18.Take up the lowest dishes at the side-tables, and then clear the high table. [d] 19.Sweep all the bits of bread, trenchers, &c., into a voyder.]
[Textnote B: ? aloweth]
[Transcriber's Note:
In the following paragraph, [**] represents a hand-drawn symbol that could not be identified. It is not explained in the editor's notes.]
[VI. How to serve Dessert.]
After this done by goode delyberacion and avysement, the kerver shall take the servise of the principall messe in order and rule, begynnynge at the lowest, and so procede in rule unto the laste,[9] [a]and theruppon the kerver to have redy a voyder, and to avoyde all man{er} trenchours [&] broke brede in a-nother clene disshe voyder, [b]and cromys, which with the kervyng-knyf[10] shall be avoyded from the tabill, and thus p{ro}cede unto the tabill be voyded. [c]Thenne the kerver shall goo unto the cuppebord, and redresse and ordeyne wafers in to towayles of raynes or fyne napkyns which moste be cowched fayre and honestly uppon the tabill, and thenne serve the principall messe first, and so thorowe the tabill .j or ij yf hit so requere: [d]therto moste be servid swete wyne [**] and in feriall[11] tyme serve chese shraped with sugur and sauge-levis,[12] or ellis that hit be faire kervid hole, or frute as the yere yeveth, strawberys, cherys, perys, appulis; [e]and in winter, wardens,[13] costardys roste, rosted on fisshe-dayes with blanche pouder, and so serve hit forth [**] [f]Thenne aftur wafers and frute spended, all maner thinge shalbe take uppe and avoyded, except the principall salt-seler, hole brede, and kervyng-knyves, the which shalbe redressed in man{er} and fourme as they were first sette on the table; the which, [h]principall servitours of the pantre or botery, havyng his towaile, shall take uppe, and bere hit into his office in like wyse as he first brought hit unto the Tabill.
[Sidenote: [a] 20. Take away the cups, &c., from all the messes, putting the trenchers, &c., in a voyder, [b]and scraping the crumbs off with a carving-knife. [c] 21.Serve wafers in towels laid on the table, [d]and sweet wine. In holiday time serve cheese, or fruit; [e]in winter, roast apples. [f] 22.Clear away all except the chief salt-cellar, whole bread, and carving-knives; [g]take these to the pantry.]
[VII. How the Diners shall wash after Dessert.]
[a]Thenne the principall servitours, as kerver and sewer, moste have redy a longe towaile applyed dowble, to be cowched uppon the principall ende of the table; and that towell must be iustely drawen thorowe the tabill unto the lower ende, and ij servitours to awayte theruppon that hit be iustely cowched and sprad. after that done, [b]ther muste be ordeyned basyns, and ewers w{i}t{h} water hote or colde as tyme of the yere requerith, and to be sette uppon the tabill, and to stonde unto the g{ra}ce be saide; [c]and incontynent after grace seide, the servitours to be redy to awayte and attende to yeve water, first to the principall messe, [d]and after that to the seconde. [e]incontynent after this done, the towayle and tabill-clothis most be drawen, cowched, and sprad, and so by litill space taken uppe in the myddis of the tabill, [f]and so to be delyvered to the officer of pantery or botery.
[Sidenote: [a] 23. Lay a fresh cloth all along the chief table. [b] 24.Have ready basons and jugs with hot or cold water; [c]and after Grace, hand basins and water to the first mess, [d]then the second. [e] 25.Take off and fold up the towels and cloth, [f]and give 'em to the Panter.]
[VIII. Of the Removal of the Table, and the separate Service to grand Guests in the Chamber.]
[a]Thenne uprysyng, servitours muste attende to avoyde tabills, trestellis, formys and stolys, and to redresse bankers and quyssyons. [b]then the boteler shall avoyde the cupborde, begynnyng at the lowest, p{ro}cede in rule to the hieste, and bere hit in-to his office. Thenne after mete, hit moste be awayted and well entended by servitours yf drinke be asked. [c]and yf ther be knyght or lady or grete gentil-woman, they shall be servid uppon kne with brede and wyne. [d]Thenne it moste be sene yf strangers shalbe brought to chamber, and that the chamber be clenly appareld and dressed according to the tyme of the yere, as in wynter-tyme, fyer, in som{u}r tyme the bedd couerd w{i}t{h} pylawes and hedde-shetys in case that they woll reste. [e]and after this done, they moste have chere of neweltees in the chamber.[14] as [f]Iuncate,[15] cheryes, pepyns, and such neweltees as the tyme of the yere requereth; [g] or ellis grene ginger comfetts,[16] with such thynge as wynter requereth; [h]and swete wynes, as ypocrasse, Tyre, muscadell, bastard vernage, of the beste that may be had, to the honor and lawde of the principall of the house.
[Sidenote: [a] 26. Clear away tables, trestles, forms; and put cushions on other seats. [b] 27.Butler, put the cups, &c., back into your office. [c] 28.Serve knights and ladies with bread and wine, kneeling. [d] 29.Conduct strangers to the Chamber. [e] 30.Serve them with dainties: [f]junket, pippins, [g]or green ginger; [h]and sweet wines.]
[IX. How to Carve.]
to lose and t[i]re or sawse a capon:[17] [a]begynne at the lifte legge first of a Swan;[18] & lyfte a gose y-reared at the right legge first, and soo a [b]wilde fowle. To unlose, tire, or display a crane:[19] cutte away the nekke in a voyde plate, rere legge and whyngge as of a capon; take of ij leches of the briste, and cowche legge and whyngge and lechis into a faire voyde plater; mynse the legge, and poyntes of whinge; sawse hym w{i}t{h} mustard, vinager, and pouder gynger, and serve hit before the sovrayne, and the carcas in a charger besyde: serve it hole before the sovrayne. and he[20] may be served and dressed as a capon, save one thyng, his breste bone.[21] [c]To tyre or ellis to dismember an heronsew:[22] rere legge and whinge as of a crane; cowche them aboute the body on bothe sydes, the hedde and the nekke being upon the golet: s{er}ve him forth, and yf he be mynsed, sawse hym with mustard, burage,[23] suger, and powder of gynger.
[Sidenote: [a]How to carve a Swan, Goose, [b]Wild-fowl, Crane, [c]Heronsew,]
To lose or untache a bitorn:[24] kitte his nekke, and lay hit by the hedde in the golette; kitte his whynge by the joynte; rere hym legge and whynge, as the heron; serve him fourth; no sawse unto hym but only salte.
[Sidenote: Bittern,]
To lose or spoyle an Egrete[25]: rere uppe his legge and whynge, as of a henne, aboute the carcas: no sawse to him but salte.
[Sidenote: Egret,]
To tyre or to ele[26] a partorich[27] or a quayle[28] y-whyngged: rere uppe whynge and legge, as of an henne; cowche them aboute the carcas; no sawse save salte, or mustard and sugar. To lose or unlase a fesaunt:[29] rere uppe legge and whynge as an henne; cowche legge and whynge aboute the carcas; serve hym fourth; no sawse but salte: but and yf he be mynsed, take whyte wyne, sugur, mustard, and a lyttell of powder gynger.
[Sidenote: Partridge, Quail, Pheasant.]
ffor to make a feste for a bryde.
The ffirst cours: brawne, [a]with the borys hed,[30] lying in a felde, hegge[31] about w{i}t{h} a scriptur, sayng on this wyse;
[b]"Welcombe you bretheren godely in this hall![32] Joy be unto you all that en[33] this day it is now fall! that worthy lorde that lay in an Oxe stalle mayntayne your husbonde and you, w{i}t{h} your gystys, alle!"
[c]Ffurmente w{i}t{h} veneson, swanne, pigge. Ffesaunte, w{i}t{h} a grete custard, w{i}t{h} a sotelte, [d]A lambe stondyng in scriptour, sayng on this wyse: "I mekely unto you, sovrayne, am sente, to dwell with you, and ever be present."[32]
[Sidenote: A Bridal Feast. First Course. [a]Boar's head, and a Device [b]of Welcome. [c]Venison and Custard, with a Device of [d]Meekness.]
The second course.
Veneson in broth, viaunde Ryalle,[34] veneson rosted, crane, cony, a bake mete, leche damaske,[35] w{i}t{h} a sotelte: An anteloppe sayng[36] on a sele that saith with scriptour
"beith all gladd & mery that sitteth at this messe, and prayeth for the kyng and all his."[37]
[Sidenote: Second Course. Venison, Crane, &c., and a Device of Gladness and Loyalty.]
The thirde course.
Creme of Almondys, losynge in syruppe, betour{e}, p{ar}trich, plover, snyte, poud{er} veal, leche veal, wellis[38] in sotelte, Roches in sotelte,[39] Playce in sotelte; a bake mete w{i}t{h} a sotelte: an angell w{i}t{h} a scriptour, "thanke all, god, of this feste."
[Sidenote: Third Course. Sweets, &c., Game, with a Device of Thankfulness.]
The iiij cours.
Payne puff,[40] chese, freynes,[41] brede hote, with a cake,[42] and a wif lying in childe-bed, w{i}t{h} a scriptour saing in this wyse, "I am comyng toward your bryde. yf ye dirste onys loke to me ward, I wene ye nedys muste."[43]
[Sidenote: Fourth Course. Cheese and a cake with a Device of Child-bearing and a promise of babies.]
Another course or servise.
Brawne with mustard, umblys of a dere or of a sepe;[44] swanne, capon, lambe.
[Footnote 1: Though it goes against one's ideas of propriety to print from a copy, yet when one wants the substance of a MS., it's better to take it from a copy, when you can get it, than fret for five years till the MS. turns up. When it does so, we can print it if necessary, its owner permitting.]
[Footnote 2: on.]
[Footnote 3: For bread, see III., p.352.]
[Footnote 4: Folded. Cf. 'a towaile applyed dowble' below. Fr. plier, to fould, plait, plie. Cotgrave.]
[Footnote 5: What is done with these loaves does not appear. The carver in Motion 12, Section IV., pares the loaves wherewith he serves the guests.]
[Footnote 6: Goblets or cups: ? also ornamental pieces of plate. 'Apeece of wyne' occurs in Ladye Bessiye, Percy Folio, Ballads & Romances, vol. iii., and in the Percy Society's edition. John Lord Nevill of Raby, in 1383, bequeaths 48 silver salt-cellars ... 32 peces, 48 spoons, 8 chargers, 27 jugs, &c. Domestic Architecture, ii. 66. 'Diota. Horat. Any drinking peece having two eares, a two-eared drinking cup.' Nomenclator in Nares.]
[Footnote 7: Sewed or served therewith.]
[Footnote 8: salted or pickled.]
[Footnote 9: ? firste. The directions for taking-away seem repeated here, unless these second ones apply only to the spoons, napkins, &c. The cups are wanted for dessert.]
[Footnote 10: crumb-brushes were not then invented.]
[Footnote 11: Fr. ferial, of or belonging to a holyday. Vn ferial beuveur, a square drinker, a faithfull drunkard; one that will take his liquor soundly. Cotgrave. Feries, Holydaies, feastiuall daies, properly such holydaies as Monday and Tuesday in Easter week, &c. Cot.]
[Footnote 12: So "Apples and Cheese scraped with Sugar and Sage" at the end of the Second Course of the Dinner at the Marriage of Roger Rockley & Elizabeth Nevile, daughter of Sir John Nevile, the 14th of January in the 17th year of Henry the VIIIth. (A.D. 1526.) Forme of Cury, p.174.]
[Footnote 13: Wardens are baking pears; costards, apples.]
[Footnote 14: I do not suppose that each guest retired to his own bed-room, but to the general withdrawing-room,—possibly used as a general bed-room also, when the Hall had ceased to be it. "The camera usually contained a bed, and the ordinary furniture of a bed-chamber; but it must be remembered that it still answered the purpose of a parlour or sitting-room, the bed being covered over during the daytime with a handsome coverlid, as is still the custom in France & other foreign countries to this day." —Domestic Architecture, iii. 94-5.]
[Footnote 15: See Ioncate in Index, and Russell, l.82.]
[Footnote 16: See Russell, l.75, and, for wines, l.117, and notes p.86-91.]
[Footnote 17: There must be some omission here. See Russell, l.409, and W. de Worde, pp. 161, 163.]
[Footnote 18: See Russell, l.403. Wynkyn de Worde, p.161, directs the swan to be carved like the goose is, on p.163.]
[Footnote 19: See Russell, l.427-32; Wynkyn de Worde, p.162. Rere is cut off.]
[Footnote 20: that is, the crane.]
[Footnote 21: See Russell, l.431 and note; W. de Worde, p.159, l.5; p.162.]
[Footnote 22: Russell, l.422; Wynkyn de Worde, p.162, p.164, l.20.]
[Footnote 23: Borage is a favourite flavouring for cups and other drinks.]
[Footnote 24: Russell, l.421; Wynkyn de Worde, p.162.]
[Footnote 25: Russell, l.421; Wynkyn de Worde, p.162.]
[Footnote 26: Fr. aile, wing; but ailer, to give wings unto. Cotgrave.]
[Footnote 27: Russell, l.397, l.417; W. de Worde, p.161.]
[Footnote 28: Russell, l.437; W. de Worde, p.162.]
[Footnote 29: Russell, l.417; Wynkyn de Worde, pp. 161, 164.]
[Footnote 30: See the carol from the Porkington MS., "The Boris hede furste," in Reliq. Ant. vol. ii., and above, p.264*, and p.388.]
[Footnote 31: hedged or edged.]
[Footnote 32: The verse is written as prose.]
[Footnote 33: on]
[Footnote 34: Here is the Recipe in Household Ordinances, &c., p.455, for "Viande Riall for xl. Mess:"
Take a galone of vernage, and sethe hit into iij. quartes, and take a pynte therto, and two pounde of sugre, ii lb. of chardekoynes [quinces? 'Quynce, a frute, pomme de quoyn,' Palsgrave], a pounde of paste-roiale, and let hit sethe untyl a galone of vernage. Take the yolkes of 60 eyren, and bete hom togeder, and drawe hom thurgh a straynour, and in the settynge doune of the fyre putte the [gh]olkes therto, and a pynte of water of ewrose, and a quartrone of pouder of gynger, and dresse hit in dysshes plate, and take a barre of golde foyle, and another of sylver foyle, and laye hom on Seint Andrews crosse wyse above the potage; and then take sugre plate or gynger plate, or paste royale, and kutte hom of losenges, and plante hom in the voide places betweene the barres: and serve hit forthe.]
[Footnote 35: Leyse Damask. Leland, Coll. iv. p.226; Leche Damaske, ibid. vi. p. 5; in Forme of Cury, p.141.]
[Footnote 36: ? Fr. seoir, to sit.]
[Footnote 37: Written as prose, which it is.]
[Footnote 38: ? welkis.]
[Footnote 39: Roches or Loches in Egurdouce. H.Ord. p.469.]
[Footnote 40: See the Recipe for it, p.32, note 2; and in Household Ordinances, p.450.]
[Footnote 41: flaunes ? see p.173; or chese-freynes for cheese-cakes.]
[Footnote 42: Were the cheese and cake meant as a symbol of the Groaning Cake & Cheese (so called in allusion to the mother's complaints at her delivery) mentioned by Brand, Pop. Ant. ii. 44, ed. 1841, or was the cake the wedding-cake?]
[Footnote 43: ? must get a baby: or is ye = I?]
[Footnote 44: sheep.]
* * * * * * * * *
Suffer, & hold your tongue.
[Balliol MS. 354, ffl ij Cxv, or leaf 231.]
[Transcriber's Note:
This selection contains two unusual characters:
—paired final "l" joined by a tilde-like line, shown here as [l~l] —final "m" with a round flourish, shown here as m ]
On the subject of this song, compare, among many others, "Whate-ever thow sey, avyse thee welle," above, p.244; "Ihold hym wyse and wel i-tau[gh]t, Can ber an horn and blow it nau[gh]t," in the Percy Society's Songs and Carols, p.23. Lydgate's "Lyke thyn Audience, so vttyr thy Langage," in my Polit. Rel. & Love Poems, p.25; &c.
he is wise, so most I goo, that ca be mery, & suffer woo.
Be mery, & suffer, as I th vise. wher-eu{er} thow sytt or rise, be we[l~l] ware whom thow dispise. thou shalt kysse who is thy ffoo. he is wise, so most I goo, that ca be mery, & suffer woo.
Beware to whom {tho}u spek{e} thy wi[l~l], ffor thy speche may greve th y[l~l]; here & see, & goo than sti[l~l]; but we[l~l] is he that can do soo. he is wise, so most I goo, that ca be mery, & suffer woo.
Many a ma{n} holdyth hy{m} so stowght, what-so-eu{er} he thynk{e}, he seyth it owt; but if he loke we[l~l] a-bowt, his tonge may be his most ffoo. he is wise, so most I goo, that ca be mery, & suffer woo.
Be mery now, is a[l~l] my songe; {the} wise ma{n} tawght both old & yonge, 'who ca{n} suffer & hold his tonge, he may be mery, & no-thyng woo.' he is wise, so most I goo, that ca be mery, & suffer woo.
Yff any ma displese th owght, Suffer w{i}t{h} a mery thowght, let care away, & greve {the}e nowght, & shake thy lappe, & lat it go. he is wise, so most I goo, that ca be mery, & suffer woo. Explicit.
* * * * * * * * *
The Houshold Stuff occupied at the Lord Mayor's Feast, a.d. 1505.
[Balliol MS. 354, ffl C iii. All the final ll's are crossed in the MS.]
here ffolowith suche howshold stuff as must ned{is} be ocupied at {th}e mayres fest yerely kepte at {th}e yelde hall.
[Sidenote: nap{er}y]
ffirst, v diap{er} table clothes// iiij Cowchers[1] of play clothe// iiij longe towell{is} of dyap{er}// Ite{m} x doz napkyns/ It{em} ij doz Ewry towell{is}. It{em} viij shet{is} for coberde clothes// It{em} a doz cou{er}-payns[2] ffor wafere.
Receyte for ypocras.
Item Cynamo{n} x ll/ Gyng{er} iiij ll/ Grayns j ll/ Sug{er} iiij ll//
Butlers towell{is}.
xxxvj butlers towell{is}, {th}e length of a towell an ell {& a half}[3]// & q{uar}t{er} brode/ {tha}t is, iiij towell{is} of an ell {& a half},[3] of ell brode clothe.
ffor {th}e mayres offessers.
ffirst ffor sewers & carwers/ iiij towell{is} of fyne clothe, ij ell{is} longe, & half a yarde brode, {summa} iiij ell{is}.
[Sidenote: ffl C iij back]
ffor drawers of ale & wyne.
viij apurns, s{u}m{ma} viij ell{is} It{em} x portpayns to bere in brede/ s{um}ma xxxviij ell{is}.
wyne.
Rede wyne, a tonne/ Claret wyne, a pipe; whit wyne, a hogg{is}hede/ ypocras xl. galons.
Brede.
viij quarters of chet brede/ In ma{n}chettis vij^s[4] In tre{n}char brede viij^s/ In ob[5] brede iiij; It{e}m in wafers ix^xx messe[6]/ & {th}e waferer must brynge Cou{er}payns for to s{er}ue owt his wafers.
Ale pott{is} & Tappis.
xxviij barrell{is} ale/ Erthe pott{is} for wyne & ale lx doz// pychars xij doz/ ij doz stenys[7] It{em} viij C asshe cuppis/ iiij doz tappis.
plate.
It{e}m iiij doz stondyng Cuppis/ xxiiij doz boll{is}
It{em} v doz salt{is}: xl doz spones/ ij doz gilt sponys/ xviij basons w{i}t{h} ewers/ a payy{er} of gilt basons// xx silu{er} pott{is}.
Explic{i}t {th}e butlers charge {tha}t he must spek{e} ffor.
pewt{er} at the feste
ffirst i{n} platters gret & small xij^xx x doze{n}[8] It{e}m dyshis gret & small—xij^xx x doz{en}[8] It{em} i{n} saws{er}s gret & small xij^xx x doz{en}[8] It{em} i{n} chargers gret & small x doz{en}
At {th}e gyvyng vp of {th}e verder of {th}e wardmot Inquest{is} aft{er} xij^th day.
In dishis xx doz{en}// In plat{er}s x doz{en}// In saws{er}s iij doz{en}// In chargers j doz{en}
ffor the wacche at mydsomer
In platt{er}s xij doz{en}// In dyshes xxiiij doz{en}
all this was in the tyme of Ioh wyngar, mayre of london.
for {th}e hire viij^d {th}e garnyshe of pew{ter}
Lord Mayor Whyngar was Richard Hill's master. On ffl C lxxvj of the MS. is the entry, "Iste liber p{er}tineth Rycardo Hill, s{er}uant w{i}t{h} M{aster} Wyng{er} ald{er}ma{n} of londo{n}."
At the back of ffl ijC xx of the MS., in the list of Mayres & Sheryff{is}, is this entry:
[1]505 Joh Wyngar Roger Acheley } Will{ia}m brown } A^o xx^o (Kyng Henry the vij^th).
[Footnote 1: Cp. Russell, l.187, p.13.]
[Footnote 2: See Russell's portpayne, l.262, p.17.]
[Footnote 3: MS. ell d.]
[Footnote 4: I suppose this and the following s'es to mean shillings.]
[Footnote 5: ob bred is ha'penny bread. On ffl C xviij of the MS. is
The Assise of Bred with-in London.
The q{uar}t{er} whet at iij^s// aft{er} v^s.
The fferdyng whit loff coket/ xvij oz & d [=] & ob weight[*] The ob [ha'penny] whit loff xxxv vnc{is} & j d weight The q^a[**] symnell xv oz ij d ob in weight The ob whet loff lij oz d. & j d ob weight The peny whet loff Cv oz d & q{uar}t{er} & ob weight The ob lof of all graynes lxx oz & ij d weight]
[Footnote 5*: Half a pennyweight.]
[Footnote 5**: ? quadranta, farthing.]
[Footnote 6: ix ^xx = 9 20, = 180. messe may be in effe: the long s'es are crossed like f's.]
[Footnote 7: Stean, a stone vessel. 'A great pot or stean,' Hollyband's Dictionarie, 1593. Halliwell.]
[Footnote 8: ? (12 20 + 10)12 = 3000.]
* * * * * * * * *
The ordre of goyng or sittyng.[1]
[Balliol MS. 354, ffl C lxxxxi, or leaf 203, back.]
A pope hath no pere[A] An emprowr{e} A-lone A kyng A-lone An high cardynall A p{ri}nce, A kyng{is} son A duk{e} of blod royall A busshop A markes An erle A vycownt A legate A baro An abbot mytered the ij cheff Iugys {th}e mayre of londo {th}e chif baro of {th}e cheker // An Abbot w{i}t{h}out myt{er} A knyght A pryour{e} A deae An Arche-deko {th}e M{aste}r of {th}e rollis {th}e vnder Iugis {th}e vnd{er} barons of {th}e cheker the mayre of caleis A p{ro}vyncyall A doct{ur} of diuinite A p{ro}thonotory ys boue[B] the popes colectour[C] A doct{ur} of both lawes A s{er}geant of lawe the M{aste}rs of cha{n}nsery A p{er}so of Chyrche A seculer prest A marchat A gentylma An Artificer A yema{n} of good name
[Textnotes: A: This is struck through with a heavy black-line. B: Last letter blotched. C: Struck through with several thin lines.]
[Footnote 1: Compare with Russell, p.70-71, and Wynkyn de Worde, p.170-1. It differs little from them.]
* * * * * * * * *
Latin Graces.
(From the Balliol MS. 354, leaf 2.)
[Transcriber's Note:
Large boldface initials are marked with a double + before the letter. Sidenotes are grouped after each paragraph; where a paragraph is long, individual sidenotes are marked [a], [b] ... Aside from sidenotes and footnotes and their markers, bracketed text is in the original.]
["These graces are the usual ones still said in all colleges and religious communities abroad, and are for some part those given at the end of each of the four volumes into which our Roman Breviaries for the year are divided. As a youth, while studying at Rome, I used to hear them in our hall; and, knowing them by heart, never found them too long." —Daniel Rock, D.D.]
The grace {tha}t shuld be said affore mete & aft{er} mete / a[l~l] the tymes in the yere.
[Sidenote: A general Grace.]
Benedicite; do{mi}n{u}s. Oculi o{mn}i{u}m i{n} te spera{n}t, domine/ et tu das esca{m} illor{um} i{n} tempore oportuno. Aperis tu manu{m} tua{m}/ & Imples omne A{n}i{m}al b{e}n{e}dicc{i}o{n}e.
[Sidenote: The eyes of all wait upon thee, O Lord.]
+Gloria p{a}tri & filio: & sp{irit}ui s{an}cto. Sicut erat i{n} pri{n}cipio, & nu{n}c, et se{m}p{er}: & i{n} secula s{e}c{u}lor{um}. Ame{n}. kyrieleyson, {christ}eleyson, kyrieleyson: pat{er} n{oste}r. Et ne nos: Sed libera nos: Oremus.
[Sidenote: Glory be to the Father, &c. Lord, have mercy upon us.]
+B{e}n{e}dic, domine, nos, & dona tua que de tua largitate sum{us} sumpturi/ per/ +Iube d{omi}ne b{e}n{e}dicere.
[Sidenote: Lord, bless us.]
+Mense celest{is} p{ar}ticipes faciat nos Rex et{er}ne glorie/ Ame{n}/ +Deus caritas e{st}: & q{u}i manet in aritate, i{n} deo manet, & deus i{n} eo: Sit de{us} in nobis, & nos maneam{us} in ipso. Amen.
[Sidenote: Make us partakers of the heavenly table.]
post pra{n}diu{m}.
[Sidenote: Grace after Dinner.]
+Deus pacis & dileccio{n}is maneat se{m}p{er} nobiscu{m}: Tu aut{em}, d{omi}ne, miserere n{ost}ri: Deo gr{aci}as/ +Confiteant{u}r t{ib}i, d{omi}ne, o{mn}ia tua. Et s{an}cti tui b{e}n{e}dica{n}t tibi/ Glo{r}ia: +Agim{us} t{ib}i gr{aci}as, o{mn}ipote{n}s de{us}, p{ro} vniu{er}sis b{e}n{e}ficijs tuis. Qui viuis & regnas de{us}: P{er} o{mn}ia secula seculor{um}: Amen.
[Sidenote: May the God of peace be with us! We thank thee, O Lord, for thy benefits.]
+Laudate d{omi}n{u}m, o{mn}es ge{n}tes: laudate eu{m}, o{mn}es populi. Q{uonia}m co{n}firmata est sup{er} nos mi{sericordi}a eius: & veritas d{omi}ni manet i{n} et{er}nu{m}. Gloria p{at}ri: Sicut erat: kyrieleyson, {christ}eleyso{n}, kirieleyson/ +P{ate}r {nost}er/ Et ne nos. S{ed} libera.
[Sidenote: Lord, have mercy upon us! Christ, have mercy upon us!]
+Disp{er}sit, dedit pauperibus: +Iusticia eius manet i{n} seculu{m} s{e}c{u}li: [a] +B{e}n{e}dica{m} d{omi}n{u}m i{n} o{mn}i te{m}pore: Se{m}per laus ei{us} i{n} ore meo: +In d{omi}no laudabitur a{n}i{m}a mea: Audiant ma{n}sueti, & letent{u}r: +Magnificate d{omi}n{u}m mecu{m}. Et exaltem{us}[D] nome{n} ei{us} i{n} id ip{su}m: [b] +Sit nomen d{omi}ni b{e}n{e}dictu{m}: Ex hoc nu{n}c & vsq{ue} i{n} s{e}c{u}l{u}m: Oremus: +Retribuere dignare, d{omi}ne deus, o{mn}ib{us} nobis bona ffacientib{us} p{ro}pt{er} nome{n} sanct{u}m, tuu{m}, vita{m} et{er}nam: Amen: B{e}n{e}dicamus d{omi}no: Deo gra{cia}s. [c] +Aue regina celor{um}, mat{er} reg{is} angelor{um}: [d] O maria, flos v{er}ginu{m}, velut rosa vel liliu{m}, fu{n}de p{re}ces ad filiu{m} p{ro} salute fideliu{m}. Aue maria. +Merit{is} & p{re}cib{us} sue pie matris, b{e}n{e}dicat nos fili{us} dei p{at}ris/ Ame{n}.
[Sidenote: [a] I will bless the Lord alway. [b] May the name of the Lord be blessed for ever! [c] Hail, Queen of Heaven, [d] flower of virgins! pray thy Son to save the faithful!]
[Textnote D: MS. exultem{us}.]
On ffisshe days.
[Sidenote: Grace on Fish-Days.]
+B{e}n{e}dicite; d{omi}n{u}s. [a] Ede{n}t pauperes, & saturabu{n}t{u}r: et laudabu{n}t d{omi}num q{u}i requiru{n}t eu{m}; viue{n}t corda eor{um} in s{e}c{u}l{u}m s{e}c{u}li: [b] Gl{or}ia p{at}ri. Sicut erat &c. kyrieleyson. {christ}eleyson/ kyrieleyson/ p{at}er n{ost}er. Et ne nos: S{ed} libera: Orem{us}: +Benedic d{omi}ne: +Iube d{omi}ne: +Cibo sp{irit}ualis alimonie reficiat nos rex eterne glorie/ Ame{n}. [c] +Gracia d{omi}ni nostri Ih{es}u {christ}i, & caritas dei, & co{m}municacio s{an}cti sp{irit}us [d] sit semp{er} cu{m} o{mn}ib{us} nobis. Ame{n}/ [e] & in lent leve/ Gr{aci}a d{omi}ni// & say// [f] +Frange esurienti pane{m} tuu{m}, & egenos vagosq{u}e induc i{n} domu{m} tua{m}: cu{m} videris nudu{m} operi eu{m}. [et c]arne{m} tua{m} ne despexeris: ait d{omi}nus o{mni}pote[ns].
[Sidenote: [a] The poor shall eat and be satisfied. [b] Glory be to the Father, &c. [c] The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ [d] be with us all. [e] In Lent. [f] Break thy bread to the hungry, and take the wanderer to thy home.]
Grace aft{er} dyner{e}.
[Sidenote: Grace after Dinner.]
+Deus paci[s &c. Memori]a{m}[E] fecit mirabiliu{m} suoru{m} misericors & [miserator d{omi}n{u}]s; esca{m} dedit time{n}tib{us} se. Gloria. Sic[ut erat, &c.]
[Textnote E: Only half the is left.]
[Sidenote: Four Short Graces.]
Short g{r}ace affore dyn{er}.
[Sidenote: 1. Before Dinner.]
+B{e}n{e}dicite; d{omi}n{u}[s].[F] .... Apponenda b{e}n{e}dicat dei dextera. [In nomine patris &] filii & sp{irit}us s{anc}ti/ ame{n}.
[Textnote F: An inch of the MS. broken away.]
[Sidenote: [leaf 2, back.]]
Shorte grace aft{er} dyn{er}/ & aft{er} sop{er}/ bothe.
[Sidenote: 2. After Meals.]
+Pro tali co{n}uiuio b{e}n{e}dicam{us} d{omi}no: Deo gr{aci}as. +Mat{er}, ora filiu{m} vt post hoc exiliu{m} nobis donet gaudiu{m} sine fine. +Aue maria:/ Oremus. Meritis & p{re}cibus.
[Sidenote: Bless the Lord for this meal. Mary, pray for us!]
Grace affore sop{er}.
[Sidenote: 3. Before Supper.]
+Benedicite[G]; d{omi}n{u}s: Cena{m} sa{n}ctificet q{u}i nobis o{mn}ia prebet: In no{m}i{n}e p{at}ris.
[Sidenote: Giver of all, sanctify this supper.]
[Textnote G: MS. Benedictus, altered to Benedicite.]
Grace aft{er} soper.
[Sidenote: 4. After Supper.]
+Benedict{u}s deus in donis suis: Et s{an}ctus in o{mn}ib{us} operib{us} suis/ +Adiutoriu{m} n{ost}r{u}m i{n} no{m}i{n}e d{omi}ni: Qui fecit celu{m} et t{er}ra{m}. Sit nome{n} d{omi}ni b{e}n{e}dictu{m} / Ex hoc nu{n}c, et vsq{ue} in s{e}c{u}l{u}m/ Oremus: Meritis et p{re}cib{us} sue pie matris b{e}n{e}dicat nos fili{us} dei patris.
[Sidenote: The Lord is holy in all his works. Blessed be the name of the Lord.]
+In vigilia pasche.
[Sidenote: On Easter-Eve.]
+B{e}n{e}dicite; d{omi}n{u}s. +Edent pauperes &c. +Glo{r}ia p{at}ri, Sicut erat: kirieleyson. {christ}eleyson. kyrieleyson. P{ate}r n{oste}r: Et ne nos. Set libera. Orem{us}/ Benedic d{omi}ne: +Iube d{omi}ne b{e}n{e}dicere/ +Cibo sp{irit}ualis alimonie & c{etera}/ leccio/ Si co{n}surrexist{is} cu{m} {christo}, que sursu{m} su{n}t, querite vbi {christu}s est in dextera dei sedens.
[Sidenote: Christ, have mercy upon us! Seek those things that are above.]
post prandiu{m}.
[Sidenote: Grace after Dinner.]
[a] +Deus pacis & dileccionis: +Memoria{m} fecit/ Glo{r}ia p{at}ri Sicut erat; [b] +Agimus t{ib}i gracias. +Laudate d{omin}um o{mn}es gentes: Q{uonia}m co{n}firma[ta]: Glo{r}ia p{at}ri: Sicut erat. D{omi}n{u}s vobiscu{m}: Et cu{m} sp{irit}u tuo. Orem{us}/ [c] Sp{iritu}m in nobis, d{omi}ne, tue caritat{is} infu{n}de, vt quos sacrame{n}t{is} paschalib{us} saciasti: tua facias pietate co{n}cordes// [d] Per eu{n}dem d{omin}um n{ost}r{u}m ih{esu}m {christu}m, filiu{m} tuu{m}: q{u}i tecu{m} viuit & regnat i{n} vnitate eiusdem sp{irit}uss{an}cti, deus/ p{er} o{mn}ia s{e}c{u}la seculor{um}. Ame{n}.
[Sidenote: [a] God of Peace, [b] We give thee thanks, O Lord. [c] Pour into us thy Spirit, through Jesus Christ our Lord.]
+In die pasche.
[Sidenote: On Easter-Day.]
+B{e}n{e}dicite. d{omi}n{us}. [a] Hec dies qua{m} fecit d{omi}n{us}, exultem{us} & letemur in ea. Glo{r}ia p{at}ri. Sicut: kirieleyso{n}. {christ}eleyson. kyrieleyson: P{ate}r n{oste}r/ Et ne/ Orem{us}. [b] B{e}n{e}dic d{omi}ne: +Iube d{omi}ne b{e}n{e}dicere/ +Mense celest{is} +Expurgate vetus ferme{n}tum[H] vt sitis noua co{n}sp{er}sio, sicut estis asimi: [c] Eteni{m} pascha n{ost}r{u}m i{m}molatus est {christu}s, itaq{ue} epulemur in domino.
[Sidenote: [a] This is the day which the Lord hath made: Let us rejoice and be glad in it. [b] Bless us, O Lord! [c] Our passover is slain, even Christ.]
[Textnote H: MS. serme{n}tum.]
post pra{n}diu{m}.
[Sidenote: After Dinner.]
+Qui dat esca{m} o{mn}i carni, co{n}fitemini deo celi. +Tu aute{m}: +Laudate d{omin}um. Q{uonia}m co{n}firmata/ Glo{r}ia p{at}ri. +In resurreccione tua, {christ}e. Celi & t{er}ra lete{n}t{u}r/ all{elui}a. Orem{us}. Spiritu{m} in nobis &c{etera}. +P{er} eu{n}de{m}: +In vnitate eiusde{m}. B{e}n{e}dicam{us} domino, deo gracias/ Eode{m} modo dicit{u}r p{er} tota{m} ebdomad{am}. +Retribuere.
[Sidenote: Of thy resurrection, Christ, the heavens and the earth are glad. Thanks be to God!]
Ante cenam.
[Sidenote: Before Supper.]
B{e}n{e}dicite. d{omi}n{us}. cena{m} s{an}ctificet q{u}i nobis o{mn}ia p{re}bet/ +In no{m}i{n}e p{at}ris & filii & sp{irit}uss{an}cti: Ame{n}.
post cenam.
[Sidenote: After Supper.]
+Hec dies/ :/ v{er}s{us}. +In resurreccione tua, {christ}e/ Celi & t{er}ra letent{u}r. all{elui}a. D{omi}n{us} vobiscu{m}: Et cu{m} sp{irit}u tuo. Sp{iritu}m in nobis: B{e}n{e}dicamus d{omi}no: Deo gr{aci}as.
[Sidenote: This is the day, &c. Hallelujah. Let us bless the Lord!]
Explicit.
Having thus given the Graces as they stand in the Manuscript, Iadd the scheme of them which Mr Bradshaw has had the kindness to draw out. He says, "Here is a case in which nothing but parallel arrangement can afford a clue to the apparent confusion. The people who used these services were so thoroughly accustomed to them, that a word or two was enough to remind them of what was to follow—sometimes a whole series of prayers, or verses and responds, or suffrages. If your object is to give people of the present day an idea of the meaning of these things, it is almost useless to print them straight as they are in the MS. Even as I have written them out, inserting nothing whatever except the names of the speakers in a bracket, you will perhaps not catch much of the thread. You may remember that at Trinity even now it takes two people to say what is substantially the same Grace as this."
[Transcriber's Note:
The following section was printed in columns on five sets of facing pages, labeled 1.1, 1.2... In this e-text the four versions are interlocked, distinguished by different indentations; notations such as [[1.2, 1.3, 1.4 same]] in double brackets mean that the remaining columns contain the same text. The designation [blank] and the sets of four dots .... are in the original text. There are no numbered footnotes.]
THE GRACE THAT SHULD BE SAID AFFORE METE AND AFTER METE ALL THE TYMES IN THE YERE. 1.1
ON FISSHE DAYS. 1.2
IN VIGILIA PASCHE. 1.3
IN DIE PASCHE. 1.4
(Sacerdos) Benedicite.
(Resp.) Dominus.
[[1.2, 1.3, 1.4 same]]
(Psalm) Oculi omnium in te sperant, domine: et tu das escam illorum in tempore oportuno.
Aperis tu manum tuam: et imples omne animal benediccione.
(Psalm) Edent pauperes, et saturabuntur, et laudabunt dominum qui requirunt eum: vivent corda eorum in seculum seculi.
(Psalm) Edent pauperes ....
(Psalm) Hec dies quam fecit dominus: exultemus et letemur in ea.
Gloria patri et filio: et spiritui sancto. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper: in secula seculorum. Amen. Kyrieleyson. Christeleyson. Kyrieleyson. Pater noster .... [i.e. the Lord's prayer.]
[[1.2, 1.3, 1.4 same]]
(Sacerdos) Et ne nos [inducas in tentationem.]
(Resp.) Sed libera nos [a malo.]
[[1.2, 1.3, 1.4 same]]
(Sacerdos) Oremus. Benedic, domine, nos, et dona tua que de tua largitate sumus sumpturi. Per [christum dominum nostrum.]
[Resp. Amen.]
[[1.2, 1.3, 1.4 same]]
(Lector) Iube domine benedicere.
[[1.2, 1.3, 1.4 same]]
(Sacerdos) Mense celestis participes faciat nos rex eterne glorie. Amen.
(Sacerdos) Cibo spiritualis alimonie reficiat nos rex eterne glorie. Amen.
(Sacerdos) Cibo spiritualis alimonie, &c.
(Sacerdos) Mense celestis ....
(Lectio) Deus caritas est, et qui manet in caritate, in deo manet, et deus in eo. Sit deus in nobis, et nos maneamus in ipso.
(Resp.) Amen.
[*](Lectio) Gracia domini nostri ihesu christi, et caritas dei, et communicatio sancti spiritus, sit semper cum omnibus nobis.
(Resp.) Amen.
(Leccio) Si consurrexistis cum christo, que sursum sunt querite, ubi christus est in dextera dei sedens.
[Resp. Amen.]
(Lectio) Expurgate vetus fermentum, ut sitis nova conspersio sicut estis asimi: etenim pascha nostrum immolatus est christus. Itaque epulemur in domino.
[Resp. Amen.]
[Footnote *: And in lent leve 'Gracia Domini,' and say: (Lectio) Frange esurienti panem tuum, et egenos vagosque induc in domum tuam; cum videris nudum, operi eum, et carnem tuam ne despexeris. Ait dominus omnipotens. [Resp. Amen.]]
POST PRANDIUM. 2.1
[On Fish Days.] GRACE AFTER-DYNER. 2.2
[On Easter Eve.] POST PRANDIUM. 2.3
[On Easter Day.] POST PRANDIUM. 2.4
(Sacerdos) Deus pacis et dileccionis maneat semper nobiscum. Tu autem domine, miserere nostri.
(Resp.) Deo gracias.
(Sacerdos) Deus pacis ....
(Sacerdos) Deus pacis et dileccionis....
(Sacerdos) Qui dat escam omni carni: confitemini deo celi. Tu autem ....
[Resp. Deo gracias.]
(Psalm) Confiteantur tibi, domine, omnia tua: et sancti tui benedicant tibi.
Gloria [patri]....
(Psalm) [Memoriam]fecit mirabilium suorum misericors, et miserator dominus: escam dedit timentibus se.
Gloria .... Sic[ut erat .... (an inch of the MS. broken away.) ....]
(Psalm) Memoriam fecit....
Gloria.... Sicut erat....
....
(Capitulum) Agimus tibi gracias, omnipotens deus, pro universis beneficiis tuis, qui vivis et regnas deus per omnia secula seculorum. amen.
(Capitulum) Agimus tibi gracias ....
....
(Psalm) Laudate dominum omnes gentes: laudate eum omnes populi.
Quoniam confirmata est super nos misericordia ejus: et veritas domini manet in eternum.
[[1.3, 1.4 same]]
Gloria patri .... Sicut erat .... Kyrieleyson. Christeleyson. Kyrieleyson. Pater noster ....
[[1.3, 1.4 same]]
(Sacerdos) Et ne nos ....
(Resp.) Sed libera ....
....
....
(Sacerdos) Dispersit, dedit pauperibus:
(Resp.) Iustitia ejus manet in seculum seculi.
....
(Sacerdos) In resurrectione tua, Christe:
(Resp.) Celi et terra letentur. alleluia.
(Sacerdos) Benedicam dominum in omni tempore:
(Resp.) Semper laus ejus in ore meo.
(Sacerdos) In domino laudabitur anima mea:
(Resp.) Audiant mansueti, et letentur.
(Sacerdos) Magnificate dominum mecum:
(Resp.) Et exaltemus nomen ejus in id ipsum.
[After Dinner.] 3.1
[On Fish Days.] 3.2
[On Easter Eve.] 3.3
[On Easter Day.] 3.4
(Sacerdos) Sit nomen domini benedictum:
(Resp.) Ex hoc nunc, et usque in seculum.
[Blank.]
....
(Sacerdos) Dominus vobiscum:
(Resp.) Et cum spiritu tuo.
(Sacerdos) Oremus. Retribuere dignare, domine deus, omnibus nobis bona facientibus, propter nomen sanctum tuum, vitam eternam. amen.
(Sacerdos) Oremus. Spiritum in nobis, domine, tue caritatis infunde, ut quos sacramentis paschalibus saciasti, tua facias pietate concordes. Per eundem dominum nostrum ihesum christum, filium tuum, qui tecum vivit et regnat in unitate ejusdem spiritus sancti, deus per omnia secula seculorum. amen.
(Sacerdos) Oremus. Spiritum in nobis, &c. Per eundem &c., in unitate....
(Sacerdos) Benedicamus domino:
(Resp.) Deo gracias.
....
(Sacerdos) Benedicamus domino:
(Resp.) Deo gracias.
Et eodem modo dicitur per totam ebdomadam.
Retribuere....
(Antiphona de sancta maria.) Ave regina celorum Mater regis angelorum O maria flos verginum Velut rosa vel lilium Funde preces ad filium Pro salute fidelium.
(Vers.) Ave Maria....
(Oratio) Meritis et precibus sue pie matris, benedicat nos filius dei patris. amen.
....
SHORT GRACE AFFORE DYNER. 4.1
[On Fish Days.] 4.2
[On Easter Eve.] 4.3
[On Easter Day.] 4.4
(Sacerdos) Benedicite.
(Resp.) Dominus.
[Blank.]
[Blank.]
[Blank.]
(Sacerdos) .... apponenda benedicat dei dextera .... [In nomine patris et] filii et spiritus sancti. amen.
SHORTE GRACE AFTER DYNER & AFTER SOPER BOTHE.
(Sacerdos) Pro tali convivio benedicamus domino.
(Resp.) Deo gracias.
(Antiphona de sancta maria)
Mater ora filium Ut post hoc exilium Nobis donet gaudium Sine fine.
(Vers.) Ave Maria ....
(Sacerdos) Oremus Meritis et precibus....
GRACE AFFORE SOPER. 5.1
[On Fish Days.] 5.2
[On Easter Eve.] 5.3
[On Easter Day.] ANTE CENAM. 5.4
(Sacerdos) Benedicite.
(Resp.) Dominus.
[Blank.]
[Blank.]
(Sacerdos) Benedicite.
(Resp.) Dominus.
(Sacerdos) Cenam sanctificet qui nobis omnia prebet. In nomine patris ....
(Sacerdos) Cenam sanctificet qui nobis omnia prebet. In nomine patris, et filii, et spiritus sancti. amen.
GRACE AFTER SOPER.
POST CENAM.
(Sacerdos) Hec dies ....
(Sacerdos) Benedictus deus in donis suis:
(Resp.) Et sanctus in omnibus operibus suis.
(Sacerdos) In resurrectione tua, christe:
(Resp.) Celi et terra letentur. alleluia.
(Sacerdos) Adjutorium nostrum in nomine domini:
(Resp.) Qui fecit celum et terram.
(Sacerdos) Sit nomen domini benedictum:
(Resp.) Ex hoc nunc et usque in seculum.
....
(Sacerdos) Dominus vobiscum:
(Resp.) Et cum spiritu tuo.
(Sacerdos) Oremus. Meritis et precibus sue pie matris, benedicat nos filius dei patris.
(Sacerdos.) Spiritum in nobis....
(Sacerdos) Benedicamus domino:
(Resp.) Deo gracias.
EXPLICIT.
SCHEME OF THE LATIN GRACES.
Common Fast Easter Easter Days. Days. Eve. Day. - - -+ Before 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Before dinner A D H L dinner + - - - 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 B E I M { } After { - - -+} After dinner { 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 } dinner C blank K N +============================ Short 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Short Graces for Graces F blank blank blank either dinner or supper ==========================+ Before 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Before and after G blank blank O and after supper supper + - - - Common Fast Easter Easter Days. Days. Eve. Day.
The alphabetical order is that in which the matter is found written in the manuscript.
HENRY BRADSHAW.
* * * * * * * * *
Symon's Lesson of Wysedome for all Maner Chyldryn.
[From MS. Bodl. 832, leaf 174.]
[Transcriber's Note:
This selection was printed with long "s", shown here as [s] and [ss].]
[The Rev. J.R. Lumby has kindly sent me the following amusing 'lesson of wysedome' to 'all maner chyldryn', signed Symon, which he found in the Bodleian. Mr G.Parker has read the proof with the MS. Lydgate sinned against most of its precepts. It makes the rod the great persuader to learning and gentleness.]
[Sidenote: Children, attend. You'd be better unborn than untaught.]
All man{er} chyldryn, ye ly[s]ten & ler{e} A le[ss]on of wy[s]edome {a}t ys wryte her{e}! My chyld, y rede {e} be wys, and take hede of {i}s ryme! Old men yn p{ro}u{er}be [s]ayde by old tyme 4 'A chyld wer{e} bet{er} to be vnbor{e} Than to be vntaught, and [s]o be lor{e}.'[1]
[Sidenote: You mustn't have your own way always.]
The chyld {a}t hath hys wyll alway Shal thryve late, y thei[2] wel [s]ay, 8 And {er}-for eu{er}y gode ma{n}nys chyld That is to wanton and to wyld, Lerne wel this le[ss]on for [s]{er}tayn, That thou may be ^e bet{er} man. 12 Chyld, y warne {e}e yn al wy[s]e
[Sidenote: Tell the truth, don't be froward, hold up your head, take off your hood when you're spoken to.]
That u tel trowth & make no lyes. Chyld, be not froward, be not prowde, But hold vp y hedde & [s]peke a-lowde; 16 And when eny man [s]pekyth to the, Do of y hode and bow thy kne,
[Sidenote: Wash your hands and face. Be courteous.]
And way[s]ch thy hand{es} & y face, And be curteys yn eu{er}y place. 20 And wher{e} {o}u comy[s]t, w{i}t{h} gode chere In halle or bowr{e}, bydde "god be her{e}!"
[Sidenote: Don't throw stones at dogs and hogs. Mock at no one. Don't swear.]
Loke {o}u ca[s]t to no ma{n}nes dogge, W{i}t{h} [s]taff ne [s]tone at hors ne hogge; 24 Loke {a}t {o}u not [s]corne ne iape No{er} w{i}t{h} man, maydyn, ne ape; Lete no ma{n} of {e}e make playnt; Swer{e} {o}u not by god no{er} by [s]aynt. 28
[Sidenote: Eat what's given you, and don't ask for this and that.]
Loke {o}u be c{ur}teys [s]tondyng at mete; And {a}t men [gh]euyth {e}e, {o}u take & ete; And loke that {o}u nother crye ne crave, And [s]ay "that and that wold y have;" 32 But [s]tond {o}u [s]tylle be-for{e} ^e borde, And loke {o}u [s]peke no lowde worde.
[Sidenote: Honour your father and mother: kneel and ask their blessing. Keep your clothes clean.]
And, chyld, wyr[s]hep thy fad{er} and thy mod{er}, And loke {a}t {o}u greve no{er} on ne o{er}, 36 But eu{er} among {o}u [s]halt knele adowne, And a[s]ke her{e} ble[ss]yng and her{e} bene[s]owne. And, chyld, kepe thy cl{o}{e}s fayr{e} & clene, And lete no fowle fylth on hem be [s]ene. 40
[Sidenote: Don't go bird's-nesting, or steal fruit, or throw stones at men's windows, or play in church.]
Chyld, clem {o}u not ou{er} hows ne walle For no frute[3], brydd{es}, ne balle; And, chyld, ca[s]t no [s]tonys ou{er} men hows, Ne ca[s]t no [s]tonys at no glas wyndowys; 44 Ne make no crying, yapis, ne playes, In holy chyrche on holy dayes.
[Sidenote: Don't chatter. Get home by daylight.]
And, chyld, y warne {e}e of ano{er} thynge, Kepe {e}e fro many word{es} and yangelyng. 48 And, chyld, whan {o}u go[s]t to play, Loke {o}u come home by lyght of day.
[Sidenote: Keep clear of fire and water, and the edges of wells and brooks.]
And, chyld, I warne the of a-no{er} mat{er}, Loke {o}u kepe {e}e wel fro fyr{e} and wat{er}; 52 And be war{e} and wy[s]e how {a}t {o}u lokys Ou{er} any brynk, welle, or brokys; And when {o}u [s]tondy[s]t at any [s]chate[4], By war{e} and wy[s]e {a}t {o}u cacche no [s]take, 56 For meny chyld w{i}t{h}-o{u}t drede Ys dede or dy[ss]eyuyd throw ywell hede.
[Sidenote: (leaf 175.)]
[Sidenote: Take care of your book, cap, and gloves, or you'll be birched on your bare bottom.]
Chyld, kepe thy boke, cappe, and glouys, And al thyng {a}t {e}e behouys; 60 And but {o}u do, {o}u [s]hat far{e} the wors, And {er}-to be bete on e bar{e} ers.
[Sidenote: Don't be a liar or thief, or make faces at any man.]
Chyld, be {o}u lyer no{er} no theffe; Be {o}u no mecher[5] for my[s]cheffe. 64 Chyld, make {o}u no mowys ne knakk{es} Be-for{e} no men, ne by-hynd her{e} bakk{es}, But be of fayr{e} [s]emelaunt and co{n}tenaunce, For by fayr{e} man{er}ys men may {e}e a-vaunce. 68
[Sidenote: When you meet any one, lower your hood and wish 'em "god speed."]
Chyld wha{n} {o}u go[s]t yn eny [s]trete, Iff {o}u eny gode man or woma{n} mete, Avale thy hode to hym or to her{e}, And bydde, "god [s]pede dame or [s]er{e}!" 72 And be they [s]malle or grete, This le[ss]on {a}t {o}u not for-gete,— For hyt is [s]emely to eu{er}y ma{n}nys chylde,—
[Sidenote: Be meek to clerks. Rise early, go to school, and learn fast if you want to be our bishop.]
And namely to clerk{es} to be meke & mylde. 76 And, chyld, ry[s]e by tyme and go to [s]cole, And far{e} not as Wanton fole, And lerne as fa[s]t as {o}u may and can, For owr{e} by[s]chop is an old man, 80 And {er}-for {o}u mo[s]t lerne fa[s]t Iff {o}u wolt be by[ss]hop when he is pa[s]t. Chyld, y bydde e on my ble[ss]yng That {o}u for-[gh]ete nat {i}s for no thyng, 84
[Sidenote: Attend to all these things, for a good child needs learning, and he who hates the child spares the rod.]
But {o}u loke, hold hyt wel on y mynde, For ^e be[s]t u [s]halt hyt fynde; For, as e wy[s]e man [s]ayth and p{re}uyth, A leve chyld, lor{e} he be-houyth; 88
[Sidenote: (leaf 175 b.)]
And as men [s]ayth {a}t ben leryd, He hatyth ^e chyld {a}t [s]paryth ^e rodde; And as e wy[s]e man [s]ayth yn his boke Off p{ro}u{er}bis and wy[s]edomes, ho wol loke, 92
[Sidenote: As a spur makes a horse go, so a rod makes a child learn and be mild.]
"As a [s]harppe [s]por{e} makyth an hors to renne Vnd{er} a man that [s]hold werre wynne, Ry[gh]t [s]o a [gh]erde may make a chyld To lerne welle hys le[ss]on, and to be myld." 96 Lo, chyldryn, her{e} may [gh]e al her{e} and [s]e How al chyldryn cha[s]tyd [s]hold be;
[Sidenote: So, children, do well, and you'll not get a sound beating. May God keep you good!]
And {er}for, chylder{e}, loke {a}t ye do well, And no harde betyng [s]hall ye be-falle: 100 Thys may [gh]e al be ryght gode men. God g{ra}unt yow g{ra}ce [s]o to p{re}[s]{er}ue yow.
Amen! ——— Symon. ———
[Footnote 1: Compare "Better vnfedde then vntaughte" in Seager's Schoole of Vertue, above, p.236, l.725.]
[Footnote 2: thee]
[Footnote 3: Cp. Lydgate's Tricks at School, Forewords, p. xliv.]
[Footnote 4: ? meaning. Skathie, a fence. Jamieson. Skaith, hurt, harm. Halliwell.]
[Footnote 5: A mychare seems to denote properly a sneaking thief. Way. Prompt., p.336. Mychare, a covetous, sordid fellow. Jamieson. Fr. pleure-pain: m. A niggardlie wretch; a puling micher or miser. Cotgrave.]
* * * * * * * * *
The Birched School-Boy
of about 1500 A.D.
(From the Balliol MS. 354, ffl ij C xxx.)
[As old Symon talks of the rod (p.383-4, ll. 62, 90), as Caxton in his Book of Curtesye promises his 'lytyl John' a breechless feast, or as the Oriel MS. reads it, a 'byrchely' one,[1] & as the Forewords have shown that young people did get floggings in olden time, it may be as well to give here the sketch of a boy flea-bitten, no doubt, with little bobs of hazel twigs, that Richard Hill has preserved for us. Boys of the present generation happily don't know the sensation of unwelcome warmth that a sound flogging produced, and how after it one had to sit on the bottom of one's spine on the edge of the hard form, in the position recommended at College for getting well forward in rowing. But they may rest assured that if their lot had fallen on a birching school, they'd have heartily joined the school-boy of 1500 in wishing his and their masters at the devil, even though they as truant boys had been 'milking ducks, as their mothers bade them.']
hay! hay! by this day! what avayleth it me thowgh I say nay?
[Sidenote: Learning is strange work; the birch twigs are so sharp.]
I wold ffay be a clarke; but yet hit is a strange werke;[2] the byrchy twygg{is} be so sharpe, hit makith me haue a faynt harte. what avaylith it me thowgh I say nay?
[Sidenote: I'd sooner go 20 miles than go to school on Mondays.]
On mo{n}day i{n} {th}e mornyng wha I shall rise at vj. of the clok,[3] hyt is the gise to go to skole w{i}t{h}out a-vise I had lever go xx^ti myle twyse! what avaylith it me thowgh I say nay?
[Sidenote: My master asks where I've been. 'Milking ducks,' I tell him,]
My master lokith as he were madde: "wher hast {tho}u be, thow sory ladde?" "Milked dukk{is}, my moder badde:" hit was no m{er}vayle thow I were sadde. what vaylith it me thowgh I say nay?
[Sidenote: and he gives me pepper for it.]
My mast{er} pep{er}ed my ars w{i}t{h} well good spede: hit was worse tha ffynkll sede; he wold not leve till it did blede. Myche sorow haue be for his dede! what vaylith it me thowgh I say nay?
[Sidenote: I only wish he was a hare, and my book a wild cat,]
I wold my mast{er} were a watt[4] & my boke a wyld Catt, & a brase of grehownd{is} in his toppe: I wold be glade for to se that! what vayleth it me thowgh I say nay?
[Sidenote: and all his books dogs. Wouldn't I blow my horn! Don't I wish he was dead!]
I wold my mast{er} were an hare, & all his bok{is} hownd{is} were, & I my self a Ioly hontere: to blowe my hor I wold not spare! ffor if he were dede I wold not care. what vaylith me thowgh I say nay?
Explicit.
[Footnote 1: See Caxton's Book of Curtesye, in the Society's Extra Series, 1868.]
[Footnote 2: Compare the very curious song on the difficulty of learning singing, in Reliqui Antiqu, i. 291, from Arundel MS. 292, leaf 71, back.]
[Footnote 3: See Rhodes, p.72, l.61; and Seager, p.226, l.58.]
[Footnote 4: a hare.]
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The Song of the School Boy at Christmas.
[Printed also in Reliqui Antiqu, i. 116, 'From MS. Sloane, No. 1584, of the beginning of the sixteenth century, or latter part of the fifteenth, fol. 33^ro., written in Lincolnshire or Nottinghamshire, perhaps, to judge by the mention of persons and places, in the neighbourhood of Grantham or Newark.' J.O. Halliwell.]
Ante ffine{m} t{er}mini Baculus portamus, Caput hustiarii ffranger{e} debemus; Si p{re}ceptor nos petit quo debemus Ire, Breuiter respondem{us}, "no{n} est tibi scire." O p{ro} nobilis docter, Now we youe pray, Vt velitis conceder{e} to gyff h{us} leff to play. Nunc p{ro}ponimus Ire, w{i}t{h}out any ney, Scolam dissolver{e}; I tell itt youe in fey, Sicut istud festum, merth-is for to make, Accipim{us} n{ost}ram diem, owr leve for to take. Post natale festu{m}, full sor shall we qwake, Qu{um} nos Revenim{us}, latens for to make. Ergo nos Rogamus, hartly and holle, Vt isto die possimus, to brek upe {th}e scole.
Non min{us} hic peccat q{u}i sens{um} condit in agro, Qua{m} qui doctrinam Claudet in ore suo.
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The Boar's Head.
[Balliol MS. 354, ffl ij C xij, or leaf 228.]
Caput Apri Refero, } fote[1] Resonens laudes do{mi}no. }
The boris hed In hond{is} I brynge with garlond{is} gay & byrd{is} syngynge; I p{ra}y you all helpe me to synge, Qui estis in conviuio.
The boris hede, I vnderstond, ys cheff{e} s{er}uyce in all this londe: wher-so-ever it may he fonde, Seruitur cu{m} sinapio.
The boris hede, I dare well say, anon after the xij^th day he taketh his leve & goth a-way, Exiuit tu{n}c de patria.
See other carols on the Boar's Head, in Songs and Carols, Percy Soc., p.42, 25; Ritson's Ancient Songs; Sandys's Carols, and Christmastide, p.231, from Ritson,—adifferent version of the present carol,—&c.
[Footnote 1: I suppose this means the foot, the burden.]
* * * * * * * * *
Errata (noted by transcriber):
Ffor to serve a lord. [Footnote 34: ... 'Quynce, a frute, pomme de quoyn,'] [close quote missing]
Latin Graces, col. 1.1. (Sacerdos) Mense celestis participes faciat [opening parenthesis invisible]
The Boar's Head wher-so-ever it may he fonde [text unchanged]
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Collected Sidenotes
[This section was added by the transcriber. It contains the editor's summaries of each selection, given in the form of sidenotes.]
Russell's Boke of Nurture: Sidenotes
In the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, God keepme! I am an Usher to a Prince, and delight in teaching the inexperienced. It is charitable to teach ignorant youths. If any such won't learn, give them a toy. One May I went to a forest, and by the Forester's leave walked in the woodland, where I saw three herds of deer in the sunshine. A young man with a bow was going to stalk them, but I asked him to walk withme, and inquired whom he served. 'No one but myself, and I wish I was out of this world.' 'Good son, despair is sin; tell me what the matteris. When the pain is greatest the cure is nearest!' 'Sir, I've tried everywhere fora master; but because I know nothing, no one will takeme.' 'Will you learn if I'll teach you? What do you want tobe?' 'A Butler, Sir, Panter, Chamberlain, and Carver. Teach me the duties of these.' 'I will, if you'll love God andbe true to your master.' A Panter or Butler must have three knives: 1to chop loaves, 1to pare them, 1to smooth the trenchers. Give your Sovereign new bread, others one-day-old bread; for the house, three-day bread; for trenchers four-day bread; Have your salt white, and your salt-planer of ivory, two inches broad, three long. Have your table linen sweet and clean, your knives bright, spoons well washed, two wine-augers some box taps, a broaching gimlet, a pipe and bung. To broach a pipe, pierce it with an auger or gimlet, four fingers- breadth over the lower rim, so that the dregs may not rise. Serve Fruit according to the season, figs, dates, quince-marmalade, ginger, &c. Before dinner, plums and grapes after, pears, nuts, and hard cheese. After supper, roast apples, &c. In the evening don't take cream, strawberries, or junket, unless you eat hard cheese with them. Hard cheese keeps your bowels open. Butter is wholesome in youth and old age, anti-poisonous, and aperient. Milk, Junket, Posset, &c., are binding. Eat hard cheese after them. Beware of green meat; it weakens your belly. For food that sets your teeth on edge, eat almonds and cheese, but not more than half an ounce. If drinks have given you indigestion, eat a raw apple. Moderation is best sometimes, at others abstinence. Look every night that your wines don't ferment or leak Always carry a gimlet, adze, and linen cloths; and wash the heads of the pipes with cold water. If the wine boil over, put to it the lees of red wine, and that will cureit. Romney will bring round sick sweet wine.
The names of Sweet Wines.
Recipe for making Ypocras. Take spices thus, Cinnamon, &c., long Pepper. Have three basins and three straining-bags to them; hang 'em on a perch. Let your ginger be well pared, hard, not worm-eaten, (Colombyne is better than Valadyne or Maydelyne); your sticks of Cinnamon thin, hot and sweet; Canel is not so good. Cinnamon is hot and dry, Cardamons are hot and moist. Take sugaror sugar candy, red wine, graines, ginger, pepper, cinnamon, spice, and turnesole, and put each powder in a bladder by itself. Hang your straining-bags so that they mayn't touch,—first bag a gallon, others a pottle. Put the powders in two or three gallons of red wine; then into the runner, the second bag, (tasting and trying it now and then), and the third vessel. If it's not right, add cinnamon, ginger, or sugar, as wanted. If it's not right, add cinnamon, ginger, or sugar, as wanted. Mind you keep tastingit. Strain it through bags of fine cloth, hooped at the mouth, the first holding a gallon, the others a pottle, and each with a basin underit. The Ypocras is made. Use the dregs in the kitchen. Put the Ypocras in a tight clean vessel, and serve it with wafers.
The Buttery. Keep all cups, &c., clean. Don't serve ale till it's five days old. Be civil and obliging, and give no one stale drink.
To lay the cloth, &c. Wipe the table. Put a cloth on it (acowche); you take one end, your mate the other; lay the fold of the second cloth(?) on the outer edge of the table, that of the third cloth(?) on the inner. Cover your cupboard with a diaper towel, put one round your neck, one side on your left arm with your sovereign's napkin; on that, eight loaves to eat, and three or four trencher loaves: in your left the salt-cellar. In your right hand, spoons and knives. Put the Salt on the right of your lord; on its left, atrencher or two; on their left, aknife, then white rolls, and beside them a spoon folded in a napkin. Cover allup. At the other end set a Salt and two trenchers. |
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