P. 41.

l. 134 Hit wat[gh] not, there was one (who) was not. 135 ry[gh]t, thrust; unryuandely, badly. 144 ratted, rent, torn. 145 goun febele. Cf. feble wede, bad or poor clothing. —Havelok the Dane, l.418. 149 broe worde[gh], angry (fierce) words. 150 Hurkele, cower, hang. Hurkele signifies, literally, to squat, nestle, rest. 153 laled, spoke (quickly). 164 ful[gh]ed, baptised. 166 harme lache, take hurt.

P. 42.

l. 179 As, also; bolnande priyde, swelling pride. 180 roly in-to e deuele[gh] rote man rynge[gh] bylyue, Roughly into the devil's throat man is thrust soon. 181 colwarde, deceitful, treacherous. I have not been able to meet with the word colle used as noun or verb in any writer of the 14th or 15th century. Col occurs, however, as a prefix, in Col-prophet (false prophet), Col-fox (crafty fox), used by Chaucer; Col-knyfe (treacherous knife), which occurs in the "Townley Mysteries." 200 hatel of his wylle, anger of his will.

P. 43.

l. 207 attled, endowed. 215 met[gh] = mess (?), pity. 216 tynt e tye dool, lost the tenth part. 222 weued, cut off. swap, blow. 230 e wrech sa[gh]tled, appeased the vengeance. 231 wylnesful, wilfulness. 233 For-y a[gh] e rape were rank, e rawe wat[gh] lyttel, Wherefore, though the blow were smart, the sorrow was little. 237 in obedyent = in-obedyent (?), disobedient.

P. 44.

l. 246 drepe, destroy (slay). 257 forme-foster should be forme-fostere[gh], being in apposition with auncetere[gh]. 261 For lede read lede[gh] (?). 270 de[gh]ter of e doue, the daughters of the mighty (doughty) ones. 271 on folken wyse, after the manner of men.

P. 45.

l. 273 meele[gh], immoderate, intemperate. 274 alosed, (? noted). 298 ryuen, grown up, adult. 306 nwyed = annoyed, i.e. displeased.

P. 46.

l. 320 dutande, shutting. 321 halke[gh], recesses. 331 is meyny of a[gh]te, this company (household) of eight. 335 horwed, unclean.

P. 47.

l. 350 with-outen rep, without contradiction, gainsaying. 354 a rowtande ryge, a rattling shower. 359 styste[gh] = stynte[gh] stops, ceases. 362 & alle woned in e whichche, and all abode in the ark. Whichche is another (and genuine) form of hutch. 364 Waltes out vch walle-heued, in ful wode streme[gh], Bursts out each well-head (spring, fountain) in full wild streams. 365 brymme, stream. 366 e mukel lauande loghe, the great flowing deep. 369 fon, ceased. 373 moon, moan, sorrow. 374 dowed, availed. 375 wylger, wilder, fiercer. 376 dowelled = dwelled. 377 feng to e fly[gh]t, took to flight. 378 Vuche burde with her barne, each woman with her child (bairn).

P. 48.

l. 379 bowed, hastened; brentest, highest, steepest. 380 heterly, quickly, (hotly); haled, rushed. 381 Bot al wat[gh] nedle[gh] her note, but their device was altogether in vain. 382 e ro[gh]e raynande ryg, the rough raining shower; raykande wawe[gh], flowing waves. 383 boom, a bottom or valley. 384 demmed, collected, accumulated. 391 e hy[gh]e, the heights, high grounds. 392 bausene[gh], badgers. 394 re-coverer, succour, refuge. 395 at amounted, etc., read at amounted e mase, etc., that the astonishment increased. (Professor Child). 397 Bi at, by that time. This phrase is still preserved in the North of England. 399 Frende[gh], fellen in fere, famed to-geder. Friends, fallen in company, embraced (fathomed) together. The verb fame in Early English also signifies to grope. 400 dry[gh], suffer; delful, doleful. 404 freten, devoured; wa[gh]e[gh], waves. 406 hurkled, rested. This word is still preserved in the local dialects of the North of England, with the sense of "to cower," "squat." 407 mourkne, rotten. 409 here, company. 411 a[gh]t-sum, in care, sorrowful. 413 hurlande gote[gh], rushing streams. 414 kythe[gh] vncoue, unknown regions.

P. 49.

l. 421 flyt, current, flitting. 424 lumpen, the passive participle of lympen, to befal, happen. 430 yre[gh] is evidently an error for ye[gh], waves. 433 Rac, moving clouds, mists. Still in provincial use. 436 meth, pity, mercy. 438 lasned, lessened, became smaller. 439 stac vp e stange[gh], closed up the pools. Stang = stanc, stank, a word still used in the North of England. 441 lo[gh] = logh, deep. 443 lome = loom, i.e., the ark. 446 rasse = the provincial raise, a mound. 449 kyste = chest (ark); wern = were (?).

P. 50.

l. 451 egge[gh], edges, banks, hills; vnhuled, uncovered. 452 bynne, within. Cf. boute, without. 461 smach smack, scent; smoltes (? smolte, i.e. smelt). 463 [gh]ederly, quickly, soon; steuen, command, literally voice. 466 fode[gh], persons; elle[gh], provided that. 469 doune = dovene, a female dove (see line 481). 476 dre[gh]ly, drearily, sorrowfully. 480 naytly, dexterously (neatly). 482 borne = burne, stream. 483 skwe, sky, cloud; skowte[gh], looks.

P. 51.

l. 485 downe = dovene (see ll. 469, 481). 487 What! lo! 490 sa[gh]tlyng, reconciliation. 496 woned = waned, decreased, gone down. 498 tyned, enclosed. 499 gode[gh] glam, God's message (word); glod, came, literally glided. 501 walt wafte (?) (see B. l. 857). 504 roly rublande in ronge, quickly pressing in throng (crowd), i.e., huddling together. 509 bree, steam, savour. 511 spede[gh] & spylle[gh], prospers (speeds) and spoils. 517 barnage, childhood.

P. 52.

l. 525 sadde, sharp, bitter. 529 en wat[gh] a skylly skyualde, then was a design (purpose) manifested (ordered). 531 nayte, use, employ. 533 wrye[gh], crawl, creep. 534 folmarde, polecat. 536 lake ryftes, fissures of the lake. 537 Herne[gh] = erne[gh], eagles. 539 at a brayde, in a moment.

P. 53.

l. 558 merked, ordained. 561 ra[gh]t, extended to, gave. 566 syt, fault. 567 quyke[gh], living (things); qued, wickedness. 573 vnhappen glette, unfortunate filth, unhappy sin. 579 heyng of seluen, contempt of [God's] self. 583 steppe y[gh]e, bright eye; steppe = stepe is often explained by steep, deep set; but we often meet with such phrases as "stepe stones," bright stones, "stepe starres," bright stars. 586 losed e listen, lost the hearing; lysten, in O.E. has frequently the meaning of to hear. 587 trave = trawe, trow, believe. 588 er is no dede so derne at ditte[gh] his y[gh]en. There is no deed so secret that closes His eyes (i.e. that He does not see).

P. 54.

l. 591 gropande, searching, examining. 592 Rypande of vche a ring e reynye[gh] & hert Trying (probing) the reins and heart of every man. Rype is still used in the North of England in the sense of to plunder. Cf. our modern use of the word ransack with its earlier meanings of to try, probe, search. 596 honyse[gh], disgraces, ruins, destroys. 598 scarre[gh], literally scares, is frightened, startled. 599 to drawe allyt = to draw a lyte = to draw back a little. 603 blykked, shone, glared. 605 schunt, aside, from schunt, to slip away, retreat.

P. 55.

l. 623 orppedly, quickly, hastily. 626 happe, cover, still in use in the north provincial dialects. 627 som quat fat, some sort of a vessel; e fyr bete, make up the fire; bete signifies, literally, to mend. 632 deruely = derfely, quickly. 635 erue kake[gh] = therfe or tharfe cakes, i.e., cakes made without leaven. 646 mensk, thanks. 648 lee, cease. 652 [gh]ark, select, chosen. 653 for busmar, in scorn. 655 May ou traw for tykel at ou tonne mo[gh]te[gh], Mayst thou trow (believe) for the uncertainty (of such a thing) that thou mightest conceive; for tykel, on account of the uncertainty. 654 sothly = truly (? sotly, foolishly or softly).

P. 56.

l. 659 byene = ben, been or bycame. The sense would require hade before byene, if byene = ben. 668 at for lot at ay lansed ho la[gh]ed neuer, That for (any) sound that they uttered, she never laughed; lot = late, in the sense of sound, is not very common in Old English authors. 670 a-lo[gh] = lowly, softly. 686 blod, child. 687 bos, behoves. 688 atlyng, intention, purpose; vn-haspe, disclose.

P. 57.

l. 696 fylter, join. 698 amed, placed; oddely dere, singularly dear. Oddely occurs in some northern works with the sense of illustriously, nobly. 699 drwry, love; doole aler-swettest, the sweetest of all gifts; gift the sweetest of all. 703 conne is probably an error for come, but it may signify, be kindled, produced, begotten. 706 stollen, stealthy, secret. 711 smod = the Scotch smot, smad, stain, filth. 719 e worre half, the weaker portion, literally, the worse half. 723 laue, law.

P. 58.

l. 732 smolt, be at peace. 740 for hortyng, for hurting = for fear of hurting. This sense of for is very common in writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. 743 fryst, delay, put off. 747 vsle, ashes, cinders. 752 lee, destroy. 754 I schal my ro steke, I shall moderate (literally, shut up) my anger. 756 reken, wise.

P. 59.

l. 764 mese y mode, temper thy wrath. 778 mere, boundary, meer. 784 lened = leaned, reclined; but we may read leued = beleued, remained.

P. 60.

l. 796 vnder-[gh]ede = vnder-[gh]ete, understood. 801 knaue[gh] kote, servant's house. It looks at first sight like kuchie[gh] kote. 802 fatte = vat, vessel. 803 norne = nurne, request. 810 gru[gh]t, gruched = begrudged. 813 coue, knew. 814 haylsed, saluted. 824 boute, without. 830 of glam debonere, of pleasant, courteous conversation. 831 wela-wynnely, very joyfully.

P. 61.

l. 832 wo[gh]e = wowe, wall. 835 wakker comp. wayk, weak. 836 vmbe-ly[gh]e, surround. 838 scowte-wach, sentinel; asscry, cry, shout, noise. 846 [gh]e[gh]ed = chattered, gaggled; [gh]estande sor[gh]e, afflicting (or frothing) sorrow. 848 brych = what is low, vile, filthy (? bryth, breath); vpbrayde[gh], raises. 849 glyfte with at glam, was frightened at that speech. 855 wonded no woe, avoided no danger (hurt). 859 meled, spoke. 860 hendelayk, courtesy, civility.

P. 62.

l. 871 tayt = lively. 874 a[gh]ly = awly, fearfully. 876 out-comlyng, a stranger. In this form it is still known in the North of England. Comlyng is the more usual form of the word in our early literature; carle = churl. 881 [gh]ornen, ran. 882 wapped, beat. 885 in blande = together (?); banned, cursed. 888 nyteled, laboured, toiled. 889 of tayt, from fear. Teyt, fear, alarm, occurs in the northern romance of Alexander. 890 roeled, hastened. 892 vglokest vnhap, the most dreadful misfortune. 893 Ruddon of e day-rawe ros vpon v[gh]ten. The light of the day-break rose on the morn. 894 merk, darkness. 895 ruen, rouse. 901 cayre tid of is kythe, depart quickly from this land.

P. 63.

l. 905 stemme no stepe, stop (keep back), no step. Cf. our modern phrase "stem the tide." 909 losen, destroy. 911 gorde, rush. 912 clater, shatter. 915 kynned, kindled. 916 e brath of his breth, the fierceness of his wrath. 918 foo-schip, enmity. 921 walle = wale, choose; wonnyng, dwelling, abode. 927 vtter, without. 928 wore = ware = were. Cf. thore = thare = there. 931 agayn-tote, looking back; tote (toot) occurs frequently with the sense of "to peep," "look," in Early English.

P. 64.

l. 944 Loke [gh]e bowe now bi bot, Look ye go now by (according to) command. 947 greme, wrath. 948 wakan, arouse, stir up. 950 flytande, chiding, murmuring. 955 smachande, savouring, smelling. 964 riftes, fissures. 965 cloutes, pieces. 969 Rydelles = redeless = without counsel, helpless; rowtes, companies. 971 Such a [gh]omerly [gh]arm of [gh]ellyng er rysed, Such a mournful (pitiful) outcry of yelling there rose.

P. 65.

l. 976 Trynande ay a hy[gh]e trot, going ever (at) a great pace. 987 loue[gh], not loaves, but = the provincial looves = hands. 989 dampped = dumped, beaten down. 991 malscrande mere, accursed lake. 992 on a lawe, on a hill. 1000 & alle lyste on hir lik (i.e. lick) at arn on launde bestes. "Als so sco loked hir behind, A stan sco standes bi at way And sua sal do to domesday; In a salt stan men seis hir stand at best likes o at land; at anes o e wok day, an is sco liked al away And an ai find hir on e morn, Hale als sco was ar beforn." (Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 17b.) 1002 niye, anguish.

P. 66.

l. 1009 a roun of a reche, a rush of smoke, a mass of vapour; blake, the black (pit). 1011 flot, fat, grease. 1016 drouy, turbid, from droue, to trouble. 1024 coste[gh] of kynde = natural properties. 1030 boem broely, filthy pit. 1031 losyng, perdition. 1033 cooste[gh] = properties. 1035 alkaran, Mandeville employs the term alkatran; angr = poisonous or grievous, or augre = aigre, sharp. 1036 saundyuer = sandiver, glass-gall. 1037 waxlokes, waves. 1038 spuniande, cleaving, sticky. 1039 se halues, sea coasts. 1041 terne = tarne, lake. 1044 apple garnade = pomegranate.

P. 67.

l. 1072 kynned, conceived. 1076 a schepon = a stable.

P. 68.

l. 1079 reflayr, smell, odour; rote, decay. 1082 e reken fyel, the merry fiddle. 1094 lomerande blynde, the hesitating (slow, creeping), blind. The primitive meaning of lomerande seems to be that of slow, sluggish. 1108 ty[gh]t, endeavour.

P. 69.

l. 1113 fenny, dirty, filthy, and hence sinful. 1118 to dele, to exchange. 1123 For "& wax euer," etc., the sense seems to require that we should read "& wax ho euer," etc. 1124 in pyese = whole. 1126 blyndes of ble, becomes dull of hue, loses its colour. 1127 No-bot, only. 1141 lastes, vices. 1142 ewes = eues (?), thieves, or unewes, vices (?)

P. 70.

l. 1153 ty[gh]t me a tom = give me an opportunity; tom has the sense of leisure and not of time. 1167 fylsened, helped, aided. 1172 lat, late, slow. 1178 orpes, cities.

P. 71.

l. 1186 skete skarmoch, skelt, brisk skirmish, hastened (came on quickly). 1190 brutage = bretage, parapets of a wall. 1202 blench, stratagem. 1205 at-wappe, escape. 1206 skelt, spread. 1208 rued, roused. 1209 hard hattes, (?) hats made of tow; herd, hard (harden, hards), in O.English signify cloth made of tow.

P. 72.

l. 1219 faynest, gladdest. 1224 dre[gh]e er his wyrdes, endure there his destiny. 1246 to e bronde, to the sword.

P. 73.

l. 1254 on capeles, on horses. 1255 fole wombes, bellies of foals. 1259 to cayre at e kart & e kuy mylke, to drag at the cart and milk the cows. 1265 plat of, strike off. 1284 hamppred = hampered, packed up for removal.

P. 74.

l. 1290 hy[gh]tled, ornamented. 1303 modey = moody, proud. 1313 sesed, took possession of.

P. 75.

l. 1327 bi-cnv = bicneu, acknowledged. 1330 heldes, descends. 1332 grauen, buried. 1334 stalled in his stud, placed in his stead (position). 1342 tre, wood; telded, raised. 1344 gered, covered, decked. 1346 reden, advise. 1354 notyng, devising, contriving; gettes, devices.

P. 76.

l. 1358 avayment, exhibition. 1361 banne, proclamation. 1362 callyng, decree. 1366 vche a kythyn kyng, every king of countries. 1375 ludisch lordes, lords of nations. 1379 plek, spot (plot of ground).

P. 77.

l. 1396 Stepe stayred [e] stones of his stoute throne, Bright shone the stones of his firm throne. 1397 hiled = covered. 1398 bounet, went about. 1402 strake steuen = struck up sound. 1403 wrasten krakkes, sounds (notes) are raised. 1410 foles, fowls, birds. flakerande, flickering, fluttering. 1412 on blonkken bak, on the back of horses. In lines 1407-1412 we have evidently an allusion to the "table subtilties" of the fourteenth century. 1420 we[gh]ed, served. 1425 dotage, folly.

P. 78.

l. 1435 schin, shall. 1446 besten blod, blood of beasts; busily, laboriously. 1462 fylyoles, round towers.

P. 79.

l. 1472 Penitotes. So in MS., but read Peritotes. 1478 cost, contrivance. 1495 iaueles = worthless wretches, used by Hall and Spenser.

P. 80.

l. 1501 wlates, is disgusted. 1504 wayned, granted. 1505 glotoun, a general term of reproach. 1507 vus = use, drink. 1510 kyppe, take, seize, catch up. 1511 birlen, pour out. 1517 dotel, fool. 1520 as each one was disposed so tossed he off the cup.

P. 81.

l. 1537 neue, fist. 1542 lers, features, but (?) fers, fears. 1543 as a rad ryth, as a frightened hound (literally mastiff). 1545 runisch saue[gh], strange words. 1554 skelten, hasten. 1557 o dra[gh]tes, the characters. 1559 ede = went, but bede, bade, commanded. 1560 warla[gh]es, wizards. 1566 malt, to soothe. 1568 gered, clothed.

P. 82.

l. 1585 he wed wel ner, he became nearly mad. 1603 in stoundes, at times.

P. 83.

l. 1606 spured, asked, enquired of. 1634 tede = tene, ten (?) 1637 apyke, adorn, clothe.

P. 84.

l. 1650 lo[gh]ed, made low. 1654 pouer, power. 1674 wasterne, wilderness; dowelle, dwelle. 1675 braken, fern.

P. 85.

l. 1678 soly, seat. 1684 ay (?) = hay. 1686 ouer-seyed, passed over. 1690 wykes, members. 1692 clyde, plaister (?). 1694 bresed, rough, bristly; Sir F. Madden interprets it broken. 1695 campe hores, shaggy hairs. 1697 glede, kite. 1701 wayned, recovered. 1707 ha[gh]erly, properly.

P. 86.

l. 1713 auyled, defiled. 1716 wale wyne, choice wine; in waryed stoundes, in accursed moments.

P. 87.

l. 1755 da[gh]ed, dawned. 1759 blykned = blaykned, became dark, blackened. 1760 Mourkenes, becomes murky. 1761 lyst, path. 1768 layted, sought. 1773 ledes of armes, men of arms. 1775 ester, darkness.

P. 88.

l. 1785 slyppe, escape. 1786 honde-whyle, a moment. 1788 blende, mingled. 1792 now is a dogge also dere, now is as valuable as a dog. 1808 telled = raised (?) telles = raises. 1811 gere, clothing.



Errata (noted by transcriber)

Line 91 text: w{i}t{h} marchal Note to line 91: e marchal [Each line printed as shown]

Minor spelling variations— such as added or missing final "e"— between the main text and endnotes were left as printed.

[Sidenote 9] fowle (?). [fowle (?),] [65 Sidenote] ... "pull in the plough." [plough,"] [263 Sidenote] No law was laid upon them.] [them,] [320 Sidenote] ... door in the side, together with ... [side. together] [349 Sidenote] ... to destroy all flesh. [flesh,] [577 Sidenote] [Fol. 65a.] [Fol. 65.] [614 Sidenote] ... wash their feet, and bring ... [feet. and] [667] e{n}ne swenged forth sar & swer by hir trawe, [swer hy hir but 1864 edition has "by"] [721 Sidenote] [Fol. 67a.] [Fol, 67a] [937 Sidenote] [Fol. 70a.] [Fol. 70a,] [937 Sidenote] ... "preach to them the peril" of delay. ["preach to them the peril" of delay."] [1674] & in wast{er}ne walk [wast{ur}ne corrected from Notes and 1864 edition] [1737 Sidenote] ... divided, and given ... [divided. and]

ORPHANED QUOTATION MARKS [211] "I schal telde vp my trone i{n} e tra mou{n}tayne [682] "How my[gh]t I hyde myn hert fro habraham e trwe, [899] "Wyth y wyf & y wy[gh]e[gh] & y wlone de[gh]tters, [1642] "Ryche ky{n}g of is rengne rede e oure lorde,

NOTES 365 [364] 414 kythe[gh] vncoue [kythe[gh], vncoue] 449 ... wern = were (?). [second note numbered 448 and printed on previous line] 461 smach smack, scent [definition printed in italics] 501 ... (see B. l. 857). [Printed as shown, with superfluous "B."] 654 sothly = truly (? sotly, foolishly or softly). [Note is numbered 655 and printed after longer note for 655. The word "sothely" also occurs in 657, but the text note ("sotly...") refers to 654.] 1358 avayment, exhibition. [body text has two words "a vayment"] 1696 [1697] 1792 Now is a dogge also dere [body text has two words "al so"]

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

PATIENCE.

[Headnotes: PATIENCE IS TO BE COMMENDED. JONAH IS SENT TO NINEVEH. HE SAILS FOR TARSHISH. HE IS OVERTAKEN BY A TEMPEST. JONAH IS CONDEMNED TO DEATH, AND IS CAST OVERBOARD. A WILD WHALE SWALLOWS JONAH. THE WHALE WANDERS ABOUT. JONAH PRAYS FOR HIS DELIVERANCE. THE WHALE VOMITS UP JONAH. THE PROPHET PREACHES AGAINST NINEVEH. GOD'S MERCY DISPLEASES JONAH. JONAH IS SHELTERED BY A WOODBINE. HE LAMENTS ITS DESTRUCTION. GOD JUSTIFIES HIS MERCY AND FORBEARANCE.]

[Headnote: PATIENCE IS TO BE COMMENDED.]

I.

[Sidenote: [Fol. 83a.]] [Sidenote: Patience is often displeasing, but it assuages heavy hearts, and quenches malice.] Pacience is a poynt, a[gh] hit displese ofte, When heuy herttes ben hurt wyth hey{n}g o{er} elles, Suffrau{n}ce may aswage{n}[1] hem & e swelme lee, For ho quelles vche a qued, & quenches malyce; 4 For quo-so suffer cowe syt, sele wolde fol[gh]e, [Sidenote: Happiness follows sorrow.] & quo for ro may no[gh]t ole, e ikker he sufferes; [Sidenote: It is better to suffer than to be angry.] e{n} is bett{er} to abyde e bur vmbe-stou{n}des, en ay row forth my ro, a[gh] me ynk ylle. 8 I herde on a halyday at a hy[gh]e masse, [Sidenote: Matthew tells us of the promises made by Christ: Blessed are the poor, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.] How mathew melede, at his mayst{er} his meyny con teche, A[gh]t happes he hem hy[gh]t & vche on a mede, Su{n}derlupes for hit dissert vpon a ser wyse: 12 Thay arn happen at han i{n} hert pouert, For hores is e heuen-ryche to holde for eu{er}; [Sidenote: Blessed are the meek, for they shall "wield the world."] ay ar happen also at hau{n}te mekenesse, For ay schal welde is worlde & alle her wylle haue; 16 [Sidenote: Blessed are the mourners, for they shall be comforted.] Thay ar happen also at for her harme wepes, For ay schal comfort encroche i{n} kythes ful mony; [Sidenote: Blessed are the hungry, for they shall be filled.] ay ar happen also at hungeres aft{er} ry[gh]t, For ay schal frely be refete ful of alle gode; 20 [Sidenote: Blessed are the merciful, for mercy shall be their reward.] Thay ar happen also at han i{n} hert raue, For mercy i{n} alle man{er}es her mede schal wore; [Sidenote: Blessed are the clean of heart, for they shall see the Saviour.] ay ar happen also at arn of hert clene, For ay her sauyo{ur} in sete schal se w{i}t{h} her y[gh]en; 24 [Sidenote: Blessed are the peace-makers, for they shall be called God's sons.] Thay ar happen also at halden her pese, For ay e g{ra}cio{us} godes su{n}es schal godly be called; [Sidenote: Blessed are they that live aright, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.] ay ar happen also at con her hert stere, For hores is e heuen-ryche, as I er sayde. 28 [Sidenote: These blessings are promised to those who follow poverty, pity, penance, meekness, mercy, chastity, peace and patience.] These arn e happes alle a[gh]t at v{us} bihy[gh]t weren, If we yse ladyes wolde lof i{n} lykny{n}g of ewes; [Sidenote: [Fol. 83b.]] Dame pouert, Dame pitee, Dame penau{n}ce e rydde, Dame Mekenesse, Dame mercy & Miry cla{n}nesse, 32 & e{n}ne Dame pes & pacyence put i{n} {er}-aft{er}. He were happen at hade one, alle were e bett{er}, Bot syn[2] I am put to a poy{n}t at pou{er}te hatte, [Sidenote: Poverty and patience are to be treated together.] I schal me poruay pacyence, & play me w{i}t{h} boe; 36 For in e tyxte, ere yse two arn i{n} teme layde, [Sidenote: They are "fettled in one form," and have one meed.] Hit arn fettled in on forme, e forme & e laste, & by quest of her quoyntyse enquylen on mede, & als i{n} myn vpynyou{n} hit arn of on kynde; 40 [Sidenote: Poverty will dwell where she lists, and man must needs suffer.] For er as pouert hir proferes ho nyl be put vtt{er}, Bot lenge where-so-eu{er} hir lyst, lyke o{er} greme, & ere as pouert enpresses, a[gh] mon pyne ynk, Much maugre his mun,[3] he mot nede suffer, 44 [Sidenote: Poverty and patience are play-fellows.] Thus pou{er}te & pacyence arn nedes play-feres. Syen I am sette w{i}t{h} he{m} samen, suffer me by-houes, e{n}ne is me ly[gh]tloker hit lyke & her lotes prayse, e{n}ne wy{er} wyth & be wroth & e wers haue. 48 [Sidenote: What avails impatience, if God send affliction?] [Gh]if me be dy[gh]t a destyn due to haue, What dowes me e dedayn, o{er} dispit make? O{er} [gh]if my lege lorde lyst on lyue me to bidde, O{er} to ryde, o{er} to re{n}ne, to rome i{n} his ernde, 52 What grayed me e grychchy{n}g bot grame more seche? Much [gh]if he me ne made, maugref my chekes, [Sidenote: Patience is best.] & e{n}ne rat moste I ole, & vnonk to mede, e[t] had bowed to his bode, bongre my hyure. 56 [Sidenote: Did not Jonah incur danger by his folly?] Did not Ionas i{n} Iude suche Iape su{m}-whyle, To sette hy{m} to sewrte, vnsou{n}de he hy{m} feches? Wyl [gh]e tary a lyttel tyme[4] & tent me a whyle, I schal wysse yow er-wyth as holy wryt telles. 60

[Sidenote 1: MS. aswagend.] [Sidenote 2: MS. fyn.] [Sidenote 3: mon (?).] [Sidenote 4: MS. tyne.]

[Headnote: JONAH IS SENT TO NINEVEH.]

II.

[Sidenote: Jonah was a prophet of the gentiles.] Hit bi-tydde su{m}-tyme i{n} e termes of Iude, Ionas ioyned wat[gh] {er}-i{n}ne ientyle p{ro}phete; [Sidenote: God's word came to him, saying, "Rise quickly, take the way to Nineveh.] Goddes glam to hy{m} glod, at hy{m} vnglad made, W{i}t{h} a roghlych rurd rowned i{n} his ere; 64 "Rys radly," he says, "& rayke forth euen, Nym e way to nynyue, wyth-outen o{er} speche, [Sidenote: [Fol. 84a.]] & in at cete my sa[gh]es sogh{e} alle aboute, [Sidenote: Say that which I shall put in thine heart.] at, i{n} at place at e poy{n}t, I put i{n} i hert; 68 For Iwysse hit arn so wykke at i{n} at won dowelle[gh], [Sidenote: Wickedness dwells in that city.] & her malys is so much I may not abide, Bot venge me on her vilanye & venym bilyue; [Sidenote: Go swiftly and carry my message."] Now swe[gh]e me ider swyftly & say me is arende." 72 When at steuen wat[gh] stynt, at stowned his my{n}de, [Sidenote: Jonah is full of wrath.] Al he wrathed i{n} his wyt & wy{er}ly he o[gh]t, If I bowe to his bode & bry{n}g he{m} is tale, [Sidenote: He is afraid that the shrews will put him in the stocks, or put out his eyes.] & I be Nu{m}men in Nuniue, my nyes begy{n}es; 76 He telles me ose trayto{ur}es arn typped schrewes, I com wyth ose tyy{n}ges, ay ta me bylyue, Pyne[gh] me i{n} a prysou{n}, put me i{n} stokkes, Wrye me i{n} a warlok, wrast out myn y[gh]en. 80 is is a m{er}uayl message a man for to preche, Amonge enmyes so mony & mansed fendes; [Sidenote: He thinks that God desires his death.] Bot if my gaynlych god such gref to me wolde, For[5] desert of su{m} sake at I slayn were, 84

[Headnote: HE SAILS FOR TARSHISH.]

[Sidenote: He determines not to go near the city, but fly to Tarshish.] At alle peryles, q{uod} e p{ro}phete, I aproche hit no nerre, I wyl me su{m} o{er} waye, at he ne wayte aft{er}; I schal tee i{n}-to tarce, & tary ere a whyle, & ly[gh]tly, when I am lest, he letes me alone. 88 [Sidenote: Grumbling, he goes to port Joppa.] e{n}ne he ryses radly, & raykes bilyue Ionas toward port Iaph, ay Ianglande for tene, at he nolde ole, for no-y{n}g, non of ose pynes, [Sidenote: He says that God will not be able to protect him.] a[gh] e fader at hy{m} formed were fale of his hele. 92 "Oure syre syttes," he says, "on sege so hy[gh]e I{n} his g[l]wande glorye, & glou{m}bes ful lyttel, a[gh] I be nu{m}men i{n} nuniue & naked dispoyled, On rode rwly to-rent, w{i}t{h} rybaudes mony." 96 [Sidenote: Jonah reaches the port, finds a ship ready to sail.] {us} he passes to at port, his passage to seche, Fyndes he a fayr schyp to e fare redy; Maches hy{m} w{i}t{h} e maryneres, makes her paye, For to towe hy{m} i{n}-to tarce, as tyd as ay my[gh]t. 100 [Sidenote: The seamen catch up the cross-sail, fasten the cables, weigh their anchors, and spread sail.] Then he tron on o tres & ay her tra{m}me ruchen, Cachen vp e crossayl, cables ay fasten, [Sidenote: [Fol. 84b.]] Wi[gh]t at e wyndlas we[gh]en her ankres, Sprude spak to e sprete e spare bawe-lyne, 104 Gederen to e gyde ropes, e grete clo falles; ay layden i{n} on ladde-borde & e lofe wy{n}nes. [Sidenote: A gentle wind wafts the ship along.] e blye bree at her bak e bosum he fyndes, He swenges me ys swete schip swefte fro e hauen. 108 [Sidenote: Was never a Jew so joyful as was Jonah then.] Wat[gh] neu{er} so Ioyful a Iue, as Ionas wat[gh] e{n}ne, at e daunger of dry[gh]tyn so derfly ascaped; He wende wel at at wy[gh] {a}t al e world planted, Hade no ma[gh]t i{n} at mere no man forto greue. 112 [Sidenote: He has, however, put himself in peril, in fleeing from God.] Lo! e wytles wrechche, for he wolde no[gh]t suffer, Now hat[gh] he put hy{m} i{n} plyt of p{er}il wel more; Hit wat[gh] a weny{n}g vn-war at welt i{n} his mynde, a[gh] he were so[gh]t fro samarye at god se[gh] no fyrre, 116 [Gh]ise he blusched ful brode, at burde hy{m} by sure, [Sidenote: The words of David.] at ofte kyd hy{m} e carpe at ky{n}g sayde, Dy{n}gne dauid on des, at demed is speche, I{n} a psalme at he set e saut{er} w{i}t{h}-i{n}ne; 120 O Fole[gh] i{n} folk fele[gh] o{er} whyle, [Sidenote: Does He not hear, who made all ears?] & vnderstondes vmbe-stou{n}de, a[gh] he be stape fole, Hope [gh]e at he heres not at eres alle made? [Sidenote: He is not blind that formed each eye.] Hit may not be at he is blynde {a}t bigged vche y[gh]e. 124 [Sidenote: Jonah is now in no dread.] Bot he dredes no dynt at dotes for elde, For he wat[gh] fer i{n} e flod fou{n}dande to tarce; [Sidenote: He is, however, soon overtaken.] Bot, I trow, ful tyd, ou{er}-tan at he were, So at schomely to schort he schote of his ame. 128 [Sidenote: The wielder of all things has devices at will.] For e welder of wyt, at wot alle y{n}ges, at ay wakes & waytes, at wylle hat[gh] he sly[gh]tes; He calde on at ilk crafte he carf w{i}t{h} his hondes, ay wakened wel e wroeloker, for wroely he cleped: 132

[Headnote: HE IS OVERTAKEN BY A TEMPEST.]

[Sidenote: He commands Eurus and Aquilo to blow.] "Ewr{us} & aq{u}ilou{n}, at on est sittes, Blowes boe at my bode vpon blo watt{er}es." [Sidenote: The winds blow obedient to His word.] e{n}ne wat[gh] no tom er bytwene his tale & her dede, So bayn wer ay boe two, his bone for to wyrk. 136 [Sidenote: Out of the north-east the noise begins.] An-on out of e nor est e noys bigynes, When boe brees con blowe vpon blo watteres; [Sidenote: [Fol. 85a.]] Ro[gh] rakkes er ros w{i}t{h} rudny{n}g an-vnder, [Sidenote: Storms arose, winds wrestled together, the waves rolled high, and never rested.] e see sou[gh]ed ful sore, gret selly to here; 140 e wyndes on e wo{n}ne wat{er} so wrastel to-geder, at e wawes ful wode walt{er}ed so hi[gh]e, & efte busched to e abyme at breed fysches; Durst nowhere for ro[gh] arest at e bothem. 144 When e breth & e brok & e bote metten, [Sidenote: Then was Jonah joyless.] Hit wat[gh] a ioyles gyn at Ionas wat[gh] i{n}ne, [Sidenote: The boat reeled around.] For hit reled on rou{n}[d] vpon e ro[gh]e yes. [Sidenote: The gear became out of order.] e bur ber to hit baft at braste alle her gere, 148 en hurled on a hepe e helme & e sterne, [Sidenote: Ropes and mast were broken.] Furst to murte mony rop & e mast aft{er}. e sayl sweyed on e see, e{n}ne suppe bihoued [Sidenote: A loud cry is raised, Many a lad labours to lighten the ship.] e coge of e colde[6] wat{er}, & e{n}ne e cry ryses; 152 [Gh]et coruen ay e cordes & kest al {er}-oute. Mony ladde er forth-lep to laue & to kest, Scopen out e scael wat{er}, at fayn scape wolde; For be mo{n}nes lode[7] neu{er} so lu{er}, e lyf is ay swete. 156 [Sidenote: They throw overboard their bags and feather beds.] er wat[gh] busy ou{er}-borde bal{e} to kest Her bagges, & her fe{er} beddes, & her bry[gh]t wedes, Her kysttes, & her coferes, her caraldes alle, & al to ly[gh]ten at lome, [gh]if lee wolde schape; 160 [Sidenote: But still the wind rages, and the waves become wilder.] Bot eu{er} wat[gh] ilyche loud e lot of e wy{n}des, & eu{er} wro{er} e wat{er}, & wodder e stremes. e{n} o wery for-wro[gh]t wyst no bote, [Sidenote: Each man calls upon his god.] Bot vchon glewed on his god at gayned hy{m} beste; 164 [Sidenote: Some called upon Vernagu, Diana, and Neptune, to the sun and to the moon.] Summe to vernagu {er} vouched a-vowes solemne, Summe to diana deuout, & derf nepturne, To mahou{n} & to mergot, e mone & e su{n}ne, & vche lede as he loued & layde had his hert. 168 [Sidenote: Then said one of the sailors: "Some lawless wretch, that has grieved his God, is in the ship.] e{n}ne bispeke e spakest dispayred wel nere: I leue here be su{m} losynger, su{m} lawles wrech, at hat[gh] greued his god & got[gh] here amonge v{us}; Lo al synkes i{n} his sy{n}ne & for his sake marres! 172 [Sidenote: I advise that we lay lots upon each man.] I lovne at we lay lotes on ledes vchone, & who-so ly{m}pes e losse, lay hy{m} {er}-oute; [Sidenote: [Fol. 85b.]] [Sidenote: When the guilty is gone the tempest may cease."] & quen e gulty is gon what may gome trawe, Bot he at rules e rak may rwe on ose o{er}? 176 [Sidenote: This is agreed to.] is wat[gh] sette i{n} asent, & sembled ay were, [Sidenote: All are assembled, from all corners of the ship, save Jonah the Jew, who had fled into the bottom of the boat.] Her[gh]ed out of vche hyrne to hent at falles. A lodes-mon ly[gh]tly lep vnder hachches, For to layte mo ledes & hem to lote bry{n}g, 180 Bot hy{m} fayled no freke at he fynde my[gh]t, Saf Ionas e Iwe at Iowked i{n} derne. He wat[gh] flowen for ferde of e flode lotes I{n}-to e boem of e bot, & on a brede lyggede, 184 On helde by e hurrok, for e heuen wrache, [Sidenote: There he falls asleep.] Slypped vpon a slou{m}be, selepe, & sloberande he routes. [Sidenote: Soon he is aroused, and brought on board.] e freke hy{m} fru{n}t w{i}t{h} his fot & bede hy{m} ferk vp, er ragnel i{n} his rakentes hy{m} rere of his dremes; 188 Bi e haspede he hentes hy{m} e{n}ne, & bro[gh]t hy{m} vp by e brest & vpon borde sette, [Sidenote: Full roughly is he questioned.] Arayned hy{m} ful runyschly what raysou{n} he hade I{n} such sla[gh]tes of sor[gh]e to slepe so faste; 192 Sone haf ay her sortes sette & serelych deled,

[Headnote: JONAH IS CONDEMNED TO DEATH, AND IS CAST OVERBOARD.]

[Sidenote: The lot falls upon Jonah.] & ay e[8] lote, vpon laste, lymped on Ionas. [Sidenote: Then quickly they said: "What the devil hast thou done, doted wretch?] e{n}ne ascryed ay hy{m} sckete, & asked ful loude, "What e deuel hat[gh] {o}u don, doted wrech? 196 [Sidenote: What seekest thou on the sea?] What seches {o}u on see, sy{n}ful schrewe, W{i}t{h} y lastes so lu{er} to lose v{us} vchone? [Sidenote: Hast thou no God to call upon?] Hat[gh] {o}u, gome, no gou{er}no{ur} ne god on to calle, at {o}u {us} slydes on slepe when {o}u slayn wores? 200 [Sidenote: Of what land art thou?] Of what londe art {o}u lent, what laytes {o}u here Whyder i{n} worlde at {o}u wylt, & what is yn arnde? [Sidenote: Thou art doomed for thy ill deeds."] Lo y dom is e dy[gh]t, for y dedes ille! Do gyf glory to y godde, er {o}u glyde hens." 204 [Sidenote: Jonah says: "I am a Hebrew, a worshipper of the world's Creator.] "I am an Ebru," q{uod} he, "of Israyl borne; at wy[gh]e I worchyp, Iwysse, at wro[gh]t alle y{n}ges, Alle e worlde w{i}t{h} e welkyn, e wynde & e sternes, & alle at wone[gh] er w{i}t{h}-i{n}ne, at a worde one. 208 [Sidenote: All this mischief is caused by me, therefore cast me overboard."] Alle is meschef for me is made at ys tyme, For I haf greued my god & gulty am fou{n}den; [Sidenote: [Fol. 86a.]] For-y bere[gh] me to e borde, & baees[9] me {er}-oute, Er gete [gh]e no happe, I hope forsoe." 212 He ossed hy{m}[10] by vnny{n}ges at ay vnder-nomen, [Sidenote: He proves to them that he was guilty.] at he wat[gh] flawen fro e face of frelych dry[gh]tyn; [Sidenote: The mariners are exceedingly frightened.] e{n}ne such a ferde on hem fel & flayed he{m} w{i}t{h}-i{n}ne, at ay ruyt hy{m} to rowwe & letten e ry{n}k one. 216 [Sidenote: They try to make way with their oars, but their endeavours are useless.] Haeles hy[gh]ed i{n} haste w{i}t{h} ores ful longe, Sy{n} her sayl wat[gh] hem aslypped on syde[gh] to rowe; Hef & hale vpon hy[gh]t to helpen hym seluen, Bot al wat[gh] nedles note, at nolde not bityde: 220 In bluber of e blo flod bursten her ores, [Sidenote: Jonah must be doomed to death.] e{n}ne hade ay no[gh]t i{n} her honde at hem help my[gh]t; e{n}ne nas no cou{m}fort to keu{er}, ne cou{n}sel non oer, Bot ionas i{n}-to his Iuis Iugge bylyue. 224 [Sidenote: They pray to God, that they may not shed innocent blood.] Fyrst ay prayen to e prynce {a}t p{ro}phetes seruen, at he gef hem e g{ra}ce to greuen hy{m} neu{er}, at ay i{n} balele[gh] blod er blenden her hande[gh], a[gh] at hael wer his, {a}t ay here quelled. 228 [Sidenote: Jonah is cast overboard.] Tyd by top & bi to ay token hy{m} sy{n}ne, I{n}-to at lodlych lo[gh]e ay luche hy{m} sone; [Sidenote: The tempest ceases and the sea settles.] He wat[gh] no tytter out-tulde[11] at tempest ne sessed, e se sa[gh]tled {er}-w{i}t{h}, as sone as ho mo[gh]t. 232 e{n}ne a[gh] her takel were torne, {a}t tot{er}ed on ye[gh], [Sidenote: The stiff streams drive the ship about.] Styffe stremes & stre[gh]t hem strayned a whyle, at drof hem dry[gh]lych adou{n} e depe to serue,[12] [Sidenote: At last they reach a bank.] Tyl a swetter ful swye he{m} swe[gh]ed to bonk. 236 [Sidenote: The seamen thank God, and perform solemn vows.] er wat[gh] louy{n}g on lofte, when ay e londe wo{n}nen, To oure mercyable god, on moyses wyse, W{i}t{h} sacrafyse vp-set, & solempne vowes, & grau{n}ted hy{m} vn-to be god & graythly non o{er}; 240 [Sidenote: Jonah is in great dread.] a[gh] ay be Iolef for Ioye, Ionas [gh]et dredes, a[gh] he nolde suffer no sore, his seele is on ant{er}; For what-so wored of at wy[gh]e, fro he i{n} wat{er} dipped, Hit were a wonder to wene, [gh]if holy wryt nere. 244

[Sidenote 5: MS. fof.] [Sidenote 6: MS. clolde.] [Sidenote 7: lote (?).] [Sidenote 8: MS. e e.] [Sidenote 9: baes (?).] [Sidenote 10: hem (?).] [Sidenote 11: out-tulte (?).] [Sidenote 12: sterue (?).]

[Headnote: A WILD WHALE SWALLOWS JONAH.]

III.

[Sidenote: Jonah is shoved from the ship.] Now is ionas e Iwe Iugged to[13] drowne; Of at schended schyp men schowued hy{m} sone. [Sidenote: [Fol. 86b.]] [Sidenote: A wild whale swims by the boat.] A wylde walt{er}ande whal, as wyrde e{n} schaped, at wat[gh] beten fro e abyme, bi at bot flotte, 248 & wat[gh] war of at wy[gh]e at e wat{er} so[gh]te, [Sidenote: He opens his swallow, and seizes the prophet.] & swyftely swenged hy{m} to swepe & his swol[gh] opened; e folk [gh]et haldande his fete e fysch hy{m} tyd hentes, W{i}t{h}-outen towche of any tothe he tult i{n} his rote. 252 The{n}ne he swenge[gh] & swayues[14] to e se boem, Bi mony rokke[gh] ful ro[gh]e & rydelande strondes, Wyth e mo{n} i{n} his mawe, malskred i{n} drede. [Sidenote: It is not to be wondered at that Jonah suffered woe.] As lyttel wonder hit wat[gh] [gh]if he wo dre[gh]ed, 256 For nade e hy[gh]e heuen ky{n}g, ur[gh] his honde my[gh]t, Warded is wrech man i{n} warlowes gutte[gh], What lede mo[gh]t lyue bi lawe of any kynde, at any lyf my[gh]t be lent so longe hy{m} w{i}t{h}-i{n}ne? 260 Bot he wat[gh] sokored by at syre at syttes so hi[gh]e, [Sidenote: The prophet is without hope.] a[gh] were waule[gh][15] of wele, i{n} wombe of at fissche, & also dryuen ur[gh] e depe, & in derk walt{er}e[gh]. [Sidenote: Cold was his comfort.] Lorde! colde wat[gh] his cu{m}fort & his care huge, 264 For he knew vche a cace & kark at hy{m} lymped; How fro e bot i{n}-to e blober wat[gh] w{i}t{h} a best lachched, & rwe[16] i{n} at hit rote, w{i}t{h}-outen ret more, [Sidenote: Jonah was only a mote in the whale's jaws.] As mote i{n} at a mu{n}ster dor, so mukel wern his chawle[gh], 268 [Sidenote: He entered in by the gills, and by means of one of the intestines of the fish, came into a space as large as a hall.] He glydes i{n} by e giles, ur[gh] glaymande glette, Relande i{n} by a rop, a rode at hy{m} o[gh]t, Ay hele ou{er} hed, ho{ur}lande aboute, Til he blu{n}t i{n} a blok as brod as a halle; 272 [Sidenote: The prophet fixes his feet firmly in the belly of the whale.] & er he festnes e fete & fathme[gh] aboute, & stod vp i{n} his stomak, at stank as e deuel; {er} in saym & i{n} sor[gh]e at sauo{ur}ed as helle, {er} wat[gh] bylded his bour, at wyl no bale suffer; 276 & e{n}ne he lurkkes & laytes where wat[gh] le best, [Sidenote: He searches into every nook of its navel.] In vche a nok of his nauel, bot nowhere he fynde[gh] No rest ne recou{er}er, bot ramelande myre, In wych gut so eu{er} he got[gh]; bot eu{er} is god swete; 280 [Sidenote: The prophet calls upon God.] & er he lenged at e last & to e lede called. "Now prynce, of y p{ro}phete pit {o}u haue! [Sidenote: [Fol. 87a.]] a[gh] I be fol, & fykel, & falce of my hert, [Sidenote: He cries for mercy.] De-woyde now y vengau{n}ce, ur[gh] v{er}tu of rauthe; 284 Tha[gh] I be gulty of gyle as gaule of p{ro}phet{es}, {o}u art god, & alle gowde[gh] ar grayely yn owen; Haf now m{er}cy of y man & his mys-dedes, & preue e ly[gh]tly a lorde, i{n} londe & i{n} wat{er}." 288 [Sidenote: He sits safely in a recess, in a bowel of the beast, for three days and three nights.] With at he hitte to a hyrne & helde hy{m} {er}-i{n}ne, {er} no de-foule of no fyle wat[gh] fest hy{m} abute; er he sete also sou{n}de, saf for merk one, As i{n} e bulk of e bote, er he by-fore sleped. 292 So in a bouel of at best he bide[gh] on lyue, re dayes & [r]e ny[gh]t ay enkande on dry[gh]tyn, His my[gh]t & his m{er}ci, his mesure e{n}ne; Now he knawe[gh] hy{m} i{n} care at coue not i{n} sele. 296

[Headnote: THE WHALE WANDERS ABOUT.]

[Sidenote: The whale passes through many a rough region.] Ande eu{er} walt{er}es is whal bi wyldren depe, ur[gh] mony a regiou{n} ful ro[gh]e, ur[gh] ronk of his wylle, [Sidenote: Jonah makes the whale feel sick.] For at mote i{n} his mawe mad hy{m}, I trowe, a[gh] hit lyttel were, hy{m} wyth to wamel at his hert, 300 Ande assayled e segge; ay sykerly he herde e bygge borne on his bak & bete on his sydes; [Sidenote: The prophet prays to God in this wise:] en a prayer ful prest e p{ro}phete {er} maked On is wyse, as I wene, his worde[gh] were mony: 304

[Sidenote 13: MS. to to.] [Sidenote 14: swaynes (?).] [Sidenote 15: wanle[gh] (?).] [Sidenote 16: rwen (?).]

[Headnote: JONAH PRAYS FOR HIS DELIVERANCE.]

IV.

[Sidenote: "Lord! to thee have I cried out of hell's womb.] "Lorde to e haf I cleped, i{n} care[gh] ful stronge, Out of e hole {o}u me herde, of hellen wombe I calde, & {o}u knew myn vncler steuen; [Sidenote: Thou dippedst me in the sea.] {o}u dipte[gh] me of e depe se, i{n}-to e dy{m}me hert, 308 [Sidenote: Thy great floods passed over me.] e grete flem of y flod folded me vmbe; Alle e gote[gh] of y guferes, & grou{n}dele[gh] powle[gh], [Sidenote: The streams drive over me.] & y stryuande streme[gh] of strynde[gh] so mony, I{n} on daschande dam, dryue[gh] me ou{er}; 312 [Sidenote: I am cast out from thy sight.] & [gh]et I say, as I seet i{n} e se boem, 'Care-ful am I kest out fro y cler y[gh]en & deseu{er}ed fro y sy[gh]t; [gh]et surely I hope, Efte to trede on y temple & teme to y seluen.' 316 I am wrapped i{n} wat{er} to my wo stou{n}de[gh], [Sidenote: The abyss binds me.] e abyme byndes e body at I byde i{n}ne; [Sidenote: [Fol. 87b.]] [Sidenote: The rushing waves play on my head.] e pure poplande ho{ur}le playes on my heued, To laste mere of vche a mou{n}t man am I fallen; 320 e barre[gh] of vche a bonk ful bigly me haldes, [Sidenote: Thou possessest my life.] at I may lachche no lont[17] & {o}u my lyf weldes; {o}u schal releue me renk, whil y ry[gh]t slepe[gh], ur[gh] my[gh]t of y m{er}cy {a}t mukel is to tryste. 324 [Sidenote: In my anguish I remembered my God, and besought His pity.] For when acces of anguych wat[gh] hid i{n} my sawle, e{n}ne I remembred me ry[gh]t of my rych lorde, Prayande hi{m} for pet his prophete to here, at in-to his holy ho{us} myn orisou{n} mo[gh]t entre. 328 I haf meled w{i}t{h} y maystres mony longe day, Bot now I wot wyt{er}ly, at ose vnwyse ledes at affyen hy{m}[18] i{n} vanyt & i{n} vayne y{n}ges, For i{n}k[19] at mou{n}tes to no[gh]t, her mercy forsaken; 332 [Sidenote: When I am delivered from this danger, I will obey thy commands."] Bot I dewoutly awowe at v{er}ray bet[gh] halden, Soberly to do e sacrafyse when I schal saue wore, & offer e for my hele a ful hol gyfte, & halde goud at {o}u me hetes; haf here my trauthe." 336

[Headnote: THE WHALE VOMITS UP JONAH.]

[Sidenote: God speaks fiercely to the whale, and he vomits out the prophet on a dry space.] The{n}ne oure fader to e fysch ferslych bidde[gh], at he hy{m} sput spakly vpon spare drye; e whal wende[gh] at his wylle & a ware fynde[gh], & {er} he brake[gh] vp e buyrne, as bede hy{m} oure lorde. 340 [Sidenote: Jonah has need to wash his clothes.] e{n}ne he swepe to e sonde i{n} sluchched cloes, Hit may wel be at mest{er} were his mantyle to wasche; e bonk at he blosched to & bode hy{m} bisyde, Wern of e regiou{n}es ry[gh]t at he renayed hade; 344 [Sidenote: God's word comes to the prophet.] e{n}ne a wynde of godde[gh] worde efte e wy[gh]e bruxle[gh], "Nylt {o}u neu{er} to nuniue bi no-ky{n}ne[gh] waye[gh]?" "[Gh]isse lorde," q{uod} e lede, "lene me y g{ra}ce [Sidenote: He is told to preach in Nineveh.] For to go at i gre, me gayne[gh] non[20] o{er}." 348 "Ris, aproche e{n} to prech, lo e place here! Lo! my lore is i{n} e loke,[21] lance hit er-{in}ne." e{n}ne e renk radly ros as he my[gh]t, [Sidenote: By night Jonah reaches the city.] & to niniue at na[gh]t he ne[gh]ed ful euen; 352 [Sidenote: Nineveh was a very great city.] Hit wat[gh] a cet ful syde & selly of brede, On to renge {er}-ur[gh]e wat[gh] re dayes dede. [Sidenote: [Fol. 88a.]] at on Io{ur}nay ful Ioynt Ionas hy{m} [gh]ede, Er eu{er} he warpped any worde to wy[gh]e {a}t he mette, 356

[Headnote: THE PROPHET PREACHES AGAINST NINEVEH.]

[Sidenote: Jonah delivers his message; "Yet forty days and Nineveh shall come to an end.] & e{n}ne he cryed so cler, at ke{n}ne my[gh]t alle; e trwe tenor of his teme he tolde on is wyse: "[Gh]et schal forty daye[gh] fully fare to an ende, & e{n}ne schal Niniue be nomen & to no[gh]t wore; 360 Truly is ilk tou{n} schal tylte to grou{n}de, [Sidenote: It shall be turned upside down, and swallowed quickly by the black earth."] Vp-so-dou{n} schal [gh]e du{m}pe depe to e abyme, To be swol[gh]ed swyftly wyth e swart ere, & alle at lyuyes here-i{n}ne lose e swete." 364 [Sidenote: This speech spreads throughout the city.] is speche sprang i{n} at space & spradde alle aboute, To borges & to bacheleres, at i{n} at bur[gh] lenged; [Sidenote: Great fear seizes all.] Such a hidor hem bent & a hatel drede, at al chau{n}ged her chere & chylled at e hert. 368 e segge sesed not [gh]et, bot sayde eu{er} ilyche "e verray vengau{n}ce of god schal voyde is place." [Sidenote: The people mourn secretly, clothe themselves in sackcloth, and cast ashes upon their heads.] e{n}ne e peple pitosly pleyned ful stylle, & for e drede of dry[gh]tyn doured i{n} hert; 372 Het{er} hayre[gh] ay hent at asperly bited, & ose ay bou{n}den to her bak & to her bare syde[gh], Dropped dust on her hede & dy{m}ly biso[gh]ten, at at penau{n}ce plesed hi{m} {a}t playne[gh] on her wronge. 376 [Sidenote: The message reaches the ears of the king.] & ay he cryes i{n} {a}t kyth tyl e ky{n}g herde; & he radly vp-ros & ran fro his chayer, [Sidenote: He rends his robes, clothes himself in sackloth, and mourns in the dust.] His ryche robe he to-rof of his rigge naked, & of a hep of askes he hitte i{n} e mydde[gh]; 380 He aske[gh] heterly a hayre & hasped hy{m} vmbe, Sewed a sekke er abof, & syked ful colde; er he dased i{n} at duste, w{i}t{h} droppande teres, Wepande ful wonderly alle his wrange dedes. 384 [Sidenote: He issues a decree, that all in the city, men, beasts, women and children, prince, priest, and prelates, should fast for their sins.] e{n}ne sayde he to his seriau{n}tes, "samnes yow bilyue, Do dryue out a decre demed of my seluen, at alle e bodyes at ben w{i}t{h}-i{n}ne is bor[gh] quyk, Boe burnes & bestes, burde[gh] & childer, 388 Vch prynce, vche prest & prelates alle, Alle faste frely for her falce werkes; [Sidenote: [Fol. 88b.]] [Sidenote: Children are to be weaned from the breast.] Sese[gh] childer of her sok, sogh{e} hem so neu{er}, Ne best bite on no brom, ne no bent nau{er}, 392 Passe to no pasture, ne pike non erbes, [Sidenote: The ox is to have no hay, nor the horse any water.] Ne non oxe to no hay, ne no horse to wat{er}; Al schal crye for-cle{m}med, w{i}t{h} alle oure clere strene, e rurd schal ryse to hy{m} at rawe schal haue; 396 [Sidenote: Who can tell if God will have mercy?] What wote oer wyte may [gh]if e wy[gh]e lykes, at is hende i{n} e hy[gh]t of his gentryse? [Sidenote: Though He is mighty, He is merciful, and may forgive us our guilt.] I wot his my[gh]t is so much, a[gh] he be mysse-payed, at i{n} his mylde amesy{n}g he m{er}cy may fynde; 400 & if we leuen e layk of oure layth sy{n}nes, & stylle steppen i{n} e sty[gh]e he sty[gh]tle[gh] hy{m} seluen, He wyl wende of his wodschip, & his wrath leue, & for-gif v{us} is gult [gh]if we hy{m} god leuen." 404 [Sidenote: All believed and repented.] e{n}ne al leued on his lawe & laften her sy{n}nes, Par-formed alle e penau{n}ce at e prynce radde; [Sidenote: God forgave them through his goodness.] & god ur[gh] his godnesse forgef as he sayde, a[gh] he o{er} bihy[gh]t, [&] w{i}t{h}-helde his vengau{n}ce. 408

[Sidenote 17: lond (?).] [Sidenote 18: hem (?).] [Sidenote 19: ing (?).] [Sidenote 20: MS. mon.] [Sidenote 21: loken (?).]

[Headnote: GOD'S MERCY DISPLEASES JONAH.]

V.

[Sidenote: Much sorrow settles upon Jonah.] Muche sor[gh]e e{n}ne satteled vpon segge Ionas, He wex as wroth as e wynde towarde oure lorde, [Sidenote: He becomes very angry.] So hat[gh] ang{er} onhit his hert; he calle[gh] [Sidenote: He prays to God and says: "Was not this my saying, when Thy message reached me in my own country?] A prayer to e hy[gh]e prynce, for pyne, on ys wyse: 412 "I biseche e syre now {o}u self iugge, Wat[gh] not is ilk my worde at woren is noue, at I kest i{n} my cu{n}tre, when {o}u y carp sende[gh], at I schulde tee to ys tou{n}, i talent to preche? 416 [Sidenote: I knew Thy great goodness, Thy long-suffering, and Thy mercy.] Wel knew I i cortaysye, y quoy{n}t soffrau{n}ce. y bou{n}t of debonert & y bene g{ra}ce, y longe abydy{n}g wyth lur, y late vengau{n}ce, & ay y mercy is mete, be mysse neu{er} so huge. 420 I wyst wel when I hade worded quatsoeu{er} I cowe, [Sidenote: I knew these men might make their peace with Thee, therefore I fled unto Tarshish.] To manace alle ise mody men at i{n} is mote dowelle[gh], Wyth a prayer & a pyne ay my[gh]t her pese gete, & er-fore I wolde haf flowen fer i{n}-to tarce. 424 [Sidenote: Take my life from me, O Lord!] Now lorde lach out my lyf, hit lastes to longe, Bed me bilyue my bale sto{ur}, & bry{n}g me on ende, [Sidenote: [Fol. 89a.]] [Sidenote: It is better for me to die than live."] For me were swett{er} to swelt, as swye as me ynk, e{n} lede lenger i lore, at {us} me les make[gh]." 428 [Sidenote: God upbraids Jonah, saying: "Is this right to be so wroth?"] e sou{n} of oure sou{er}ayn en swey i{n} his ere, at vpbraydes is burne vpon a breme wyse: "Herk renk! is is ry[gh]t so ronkly to wrath, For any dede at I haf don o{er} demed e [gh]et?" 432 [Sidenote: Jonah, jangling, uprises, and makes himself a bower, of hay and ever-fern, to shield him from the sun.] Ionas al Ioyles & Ianglande vp-ryses & halde[gh] out on est half of e hy[gh]e place, & farandely on a felde he fettele[gh] hy{m} to bide, For to wayte on at won what schulde wore aft{er}. 436 er he busked hy{m} a bo{ur}, e best at he my[gh]t, Of hay & of eu{er}-ferne & erbe[gh] a fewe, For hit wat[gh] playn i{n} at place for plyande greue[gh], For to schylde fro e schene, o{er} any schade keste. 440 He bowed vnder his lyttel boe, his bak to e su{n}ne,

[Headnote: JONAH IS SHELTERED BY A WOODBINE.]

[Sidenote: He slept heavily all night.] & er he swowed & slept sadly al ny[gh]t, [Sidenote: God prepared a woodbine.] e whyle god of his grace ded growe of at soyle, e fayrest bynde hy{m} abof at eu{er} burne wyste. 444 When e dawande day dry[gh]tyn con sende, [Sidenote: Jonah awakes, and is exceedingly glad of the bower.] e{n}ne wakened e wy[gh] vnder wodbynde, Loked alofte on e lef at lylled grene; Such a lefsel of lof neu{er} lede hade, 448 For hit wat[gh] brod at e boem, bo[gh]ted onlofte, Happed vpon ay{er} half a ho{us} as hit were, A nos on e nor syde & nowhere non elle[gh], Bot al schet i{n} a scha[gh]e at schaded ful cole. 452 [Sidenote: The prophet, under its gracious leaves, is protected from the sun's rays.] e gome gly[gh]t on e grene g{ra}ciouse leues, at eu{er} wayued a wynde so wye & so cole; e schyre su{n}ne hit vmbe-schon, a[gh] no schafte my[gh]t e mou{n}tau{n}ce of a lyttel mote, vpon at man schyne, 456 e{n}ne wat[gh] e gome so glad of his gay logge, Lys loltrande er-i{n}ne, lokande to toune, So blye of his wodbynde he balt{er}es er vnde[r], at of no diete at day e[22] deuel haf, he ro[gh]t; 460 & eu{er} he la[gh]ed as he loked e loge alle aboute, [Sidenote: Jonah wishes he had such a lodge in his own country.] & wysched hit were i{n} his kyth, er he wony schulde, [Sidenote: [Fol. 89b.]] On he[gh]e vpon Effraym o{er} ermo{n}nes hille[gh], "I-wysse a worloker won to welde I neu{er} keped." 464 & quen hit ne[gh]ed to na[gh]t nappe hy{m} bihoued; He slyde[gh] on a slou{m}be, slep slogh{e} vnder leues, [Sidenote: God prepared a worm, that made the woodbine wither.] Whil god wayned a worme at wrot vpe e rote, & wyddered wat[gh] e wodbynde bi at e wy[gh]e wakned; 468 & syen he warne[gh] e west to waken ful softe, & saye[gh] vnte[23] [gh]efer{us} at he syfle warme, at er quikken no cloude bi-fore e cler su{n}ne, & ho schal busch vp ful brode & bre{n}ne as a candel. 472 [Sidenote: Jonah awakes and finds his woodbine destroyed.] en wakened e wy[gh]e of his wyl dremes, & blusched to his wodbynde at broely wat[gh] marred, [Sidenote: The leaves were all faded.] Al welwed & wasted o worelych leues; e schyre su{n}ne hade hem schent, er eu{er} e schalk wyst, 476 [Sidenote: The sun beat upon the head of Jonah.] & e{n} hef vp e hete & het{er}ly bre{n}ned; e warm wynde of e weste wert{es} he swye[gh]. e man marred on e molde at mo[gh]t hy{m} not hyde, His wodbynde wat[gh] away, he weped for sor[gh]e, 480

[Headnote: HE LAMENTS ITS DESTRUCTION.]

[Sidenote: He is exceedingly angry, and prays God that he may die.] "With hatel ang{er} & hot, het{er}ly he calle[gh]: A! {o}u maker of man, what mayst{er}y e ynke[gh] {us} y freke to forfare forbi alle o{er}, W{i}t{h} alle meschef at {o}u may, neu{er} {o}u me spare[gh]? 484 I keu{er}ed me a cu{m}fort at now is ca[gh]t fro me, My wod-bynde so wlonk at wered my heued, Bot now I se {o}u art sette my solace to reue; Why ne dy[gh]tte[gh] {o}u me to di[gh]e; I dure to longe?" 488 [Sidenote: God rebukes the prophet.] [Gh]et oure lorde to e lede lansed a speche: [Sidenote: "Dost thou well," He says, "to be angry for the gourd?"] "Is is ry[gh]t-wys {o}u renk, alle y ronk noyse, So wroth for a wodbynde to wax so sone, Why art {o}u so waymot wy[gh]e for so lyttel?" 492 [Sidenote: Jonah replies, "I would I were dead."] "Hit is not lyttel," q{uod} e lede, "bot lykker to ry[gh]t, I wolde I were of is worlde wrapped i{n} molde[gh]." [Sidenote: God asks if it is to be wondered at that He should help His handy work.] "e{n}ne byenk e mon, if e for-ynk sore, If I wolde help my honde werk, haf {o}u no wonder; 496 [Sidenote: Is not Jonah angry that his woodbine is destroyed, which cost him no labour?] {o}u art waxen so wroth for y wod-bynde, & trauaylede[gh] neu{er} to tent hit e tyme of an howre, [Sidenote: [Fol. 89a.]] Bot at a wap hit here wax & away at an o{er}, & [gh]et lyke[gh] e so lu{er}, i lyf wolde[gh] {o}u tyne; 500 [Sidenote: God is not to be blamed for taking pity upon people that He made.] e{n}ne wyte not me for e werk at I hit wolde help, & rwe on o redles at remen for sy{n}ne. Fyrst I made he{m} myself of mat{er}es my{n} one, & syen I loked he{m} ful longe & hem on lode hade; 504 & if I my trauayl schulde tyne of t{er}mes so longe, [Sidenote: Should He destroy Nineveh the sorrow of such a sweet place would sink to His heart.] & type dou{n} [gh]onder tou{n} when hit turned were, e sor of such a swete place burde synk to my hert, So mony malicio{us} mon as mo{ur}ne[gh] {er}-i{n}ne; 508 [Sidenote: In the city there are little bairns who have done no wrong.] & of at sou{m}me [gh]et arn su{m}me such sotte[gh] for madde, As lyttel barne[gh] on barme at neuer bale wro[gh]t, & wy{m}men vnwytt at wale ne coue at on hande fro at o{er} for[24] alle is hy[gh]e worlde, 512 [Sidenote: And there are others who cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand.] Bitwene e stele & e stayre disserne no[gh]t cu{n}en, What rule renes i{n} rou{n} bitwene e ry[gh]t hande & his lyfte, a[gh] his lyf schulde lost be er-for; [Sidenote: There are also dumb beasts in the city incapable of sinning.] & als er ben dou{m}be beste[gh] i{n} e bur[gh] mony, 516 at may not sy{n}ne i{n} no syt hem seluen to greue, Why schulde I wrath wyth hem, sye{n} wy[gh]e[gh] wyl torne, & cu{m}[25] & cnawe me for ky{n}g, & my carpe leue? Wer I as hastif a[s] {o}u, heere were harme lu{m}pen, 520 Coue I not ole bot as {o}u er ryued ful fewe; I may not be so mal[i]cio{us} & mylde be halden,

[Headnote: GOD JUSTIFIES HIS MERCY AND FORBEARANCE.]

[Sidenote: Judgment must be tempered with mercy.] For malyse is no[gh][t] to may{n}tyne boute mercy w{i}t{h}i{n}ne; Be no[gh]t so gryndel god man, bot go forth y wayes." 524 [Sidenote: He that is too hasty to rend his clothes must afterwards sit with worse ones to sew them together.] Be preue & be pacient, i{n} payne & i{n} Ioye, For he at is to rakel to renden his cloe[gh], Mot efte sitte w{i}t{h} more vn-sou{n}de to sewe he{m} togeder. [Sidenote: Poverty and pain must be endured.] For-y when pou{er}t me enprece[gh] & payne[gh] i{n}-no[gh]e, 528 Ful softly w{i}t{h} suffrau{n}ce sa[gh]ttel me bihoue[gh], [Sidenote: Patience is a noble point, though it displeases oft.] For e penau{n}ce & payne to preue hit i{n} sy[gh]t, at pacience is a nobel poy{n}t, a[gh] hit displese ofte. Amen.

[Sidenote 22: de altered to e.] [Sidenote 23: vnto (?).] [Sidenote 24: MS. fol.] [Sidenote 25: Or cu{n}.]



NOTES: Patience.

P. 89.

l. 3 e swelme lee, lessen the heat. 4 qued, evil. 5 syt, sorrow; sele, happiness. 6 ro, anger. 7 en is better to abyde e bur vmbe-stoundes, Then is it better to abide the blow sometimes. 10 melede, related. 11 a[gh]t, eight. 12 sunder-lupes, severally. 13 happen, blessed.

P. 90.

l. 30 lyknyng, likeness; ewes, virtues. 42 lyke oer greme, pleasing or displeasing. 47 ly[gh]tloker, more easily; lotes, forms. 50 what dowes me e dedayn, what avails me anger. 53 grayed, availed. 56 e(t) had bowed, etc., That should have been obedient.

P. 91.

l. 63 Goddes glam to hym glod, God's message came to him. 66 wythouten oer speche, without contradiction, without more words. 67 my sa[gh]es soghe, etc., my saws (words) sow, etc. 77 typped schrewes, great sinners; literally, extreme, tip-top, schrews. 78 ta me, take me, seize me. 82 mansed, cursed. 94 glwande, glowing, bright; gloumbes, sees (indistinctly).

P. 92.

l. 98 to the fare, to the voyage. 101 tramme, gear. 104 Sprude spak to e sprete e spare bawlyne, Spread quickly to the sprit the spar bowline (?). 106 ladde-borde, larboard. 107 blye bree, gentle wind; bosum, tide. 108 He refers to bree. 112 ma[gh]t, might; mere, sea. 115 wenyng, supposition. 117 burde, behoved. 119 demed, uttered. 122 stapefole = stapeful = high (?)

P. 93.

l. 131 crafte, power. 135 tom, interval. 140 sou[gh]ed, sobbed, moaned; selly, marvel. 141 wonne, pale. 143 busched = busked, went. 144 for ro[gh] = for roughness. 148 bur = wave. 150 to murte, (?) to-marte, crushed, broken in pieces. 152 coge, boat. 155 scael, hurtful, dangerous. 156 lode = lote, lot. 160 lee, calm, quiet. 161 lot, noise, roar.

P. 94.

l. 173 I lovne, I offer (this advice), propose. 183 flode lotes, the noises of the flood. 184 brede, board. 185 hurrok, oar. 191 runyschly, fiercely. 192 sla[gh]te, strokes. 198 lastes, crimes.

P. 95.

l. 208 at a worde one, at a word alone. 213 ossed, showed, proved; vnnynges, signs. 216 ruyt, rush, hasten. 227 balele[gh], innocent. 229 synne, after.

P. 96.

l. 247 as wyrde en schaped, as fate then devised. 255 malskred, entranced, bewildered. 258 warlowes, monster's. 259 lyue = leue, believe. 262 waule[gh] = shelterless, destitute, but wanle[gh] = wonle[gh] = hopeless, is perhaps a better reading. 268 chawle[gh], jaws. 269 glaymande glette, slimy mud. 270 rop, gut, intestine.

P. 97.

l. 273 fame[gh], gropes. 275 saym, fat, grease. 277 le, shelter. 291 merk, darkness. 292 bulk, stern. 302 borne = burne, man.

P. 98.

l. 309 flem = flum, stream. 317 to my wo stounde[gh] = ? until my woe over-powers (confounds) me. 320 to laste ? to the last; mere, boundary. 325 acces, blows. 329 meled, conversed. 338 spare drye dry spar (rafter) but ? spare = space. 339 a warthe, a ford. 341 sluchched = sluched, dirty, muddy. 342 mester, need.

P. 99.

l. 345 bruxle[gh], reproaches, upbraids, 350 loke = loken, fastened. 362 dumpe, be thrust. 364 swete, life; to lose e swete = to lose the (sweet) life. 372 doured, mourned, grieved. Cf. Sc. dour. 373 Heter hayre[gh] ay hent, etc., rough hair shirts they took, etc.

P. 100.

l. 395 for-clemmed, very hungry, starved. 396 rurd, cry. 400 amesyng = mesyng = mese, pity, mercy. 403 wodschip, wrath. 411 on-hit, struck or inflamed (?); calle[gh], addresses.

P. 101.

l. 418 bene, bountiful, kind. 419 lur, loss. 426 bale-stour, death-pang; bale in the sense of death is not very common. 447 lylled, flourished. 448 lefsel = leaf-bower. See Glossary.

P. 102.

l. 449 bo[gh]ted, curved. 450 happed, covered. 451 a nos = a projection, opening (?) or is it a clerical error for abof = above. 452 scha[gh]e = wood, shaw. 453 gly[gh]t, glanced. 460 e deuel ? ded euel, did evil. 470 syfle, blow. 473 wyl, wandering. 478 wertes he swye[gh], herbs he scorches.

P. 103.

l. 486 wered, protected. 489 lansed, uttered. 492 waymot = angry, passionate. 502 remen, mourn, lament. 509 soumme, company.

P. 104.

l. 524 gryndel, angry. 526 rakel, hasty.



Errata (noted by transcriber)

Minor spelling variations— such as added or missing final "e"— between the main text and endnotes were left as printed.

[33 Sidenote] ... peace and patience. [patience,] [237 Sidenote] ... thank God, and perform ... [God. and] [391 Sidenote] [Fol. 88b.] [missing folio number supplied from 1864 edition] [463 Sidenote] [Fol. 89b.] [499 Sidenote] [Fol. 89a.] [text unchanged: 1864 edition has same error]

NOTES

273 fame[gh], gropes. [body text and glossary have "fathme([gh])"] 317 [316]

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

GLOSSARIAL INDEX

Abate, lessen, put an end to, A. 123; B. 1356. Abate, abode, A. 617. Abayst, downcast, abashed, B. 149, pret. of abaisse or abash, Fr. esbahir. Able, A. 599. Abof, above, A. 1023. Abominacione, B. 1173. Abroched, commenced, A. 1123. Abyde, (a) await, B. 436, 486; (b) endure, C. 7. A.S. abidan. Abydyng, sb. C. 419. Abyme, abyss, B. 363; C. 143. Abyt, habit, dress, B. 141. {Accorde, Acorde,} agreement, A. 509, Fr. accorder, to agree with. Achaped, escaped, B. 970. Achaufe, kindle, B. 1143. Acheue, accomplish, A. 475. Acroche, encroach, A. 1069, Fr. accrocher, to hook on; from croc, a hook. Adaunt = daunt, A. 157. Adoun, down, A. 988; B. 953. Adre[gh], aside, aback, B. 71. The word is used by Gower under the form adrigh. O-dreghe, one-dreghe, are other forms of the word. Sc. on-dreich. "The tother withdrewe, one-dreghe And durste do none other." —(Morte Arthure, p. 352.) "The tother dro[gh]he him o-dreghe for drede of the kny[gh]te." —(Anturs of Arther, xliv. 3.) "He with drogh hym a draght & a dyn made." —(T.B. 1224.) {Adubbement, Adubmente,} adornment, A. 84, 85, O.Fr. adoubement; dober, douber, garnish, deck; Fr. douber, to rig or trim a ship; Prov. Fr. adobar, to arrange, prepare. Adyte, A. 349. Affraye, sb. fear, A. 1174; vb. frighten, B. 1780; Fr. effrayer, to scare, affright; effroi, terror. Cf. fray, to scare birds. Affyen, trust, C. 331. {Agayn, Agayne, Agaynes,} against, B. 266, 826, 1711. Agayne[gh], towards, B. 611. Agayn-tote, sb. a looking back, B. 931. Tote, look, peep, as a verb or a noun, is common in Old English writers. "She went up wightly by a wall syde, To the toppe of a tower, & tot ouer the water." —(T.B. 862.) Age, A. 412, B. 426. Agly[gh]te, slipped from, A. 245. Gly[gh]t, as a verb, signifies not only to slip but to glance, look. Cf. leme = gleam, glance, slip. Alabaunderynes, B. 1470. Alarom, alarm, B. 1207. Al-bare, clearly, A. 1025. Alce = als, also, B. 1377. Alder = elder, A. 621, Aldest, A. 1042, B. 1333. Alder-men, elders, A. 887. Alegge, alledge, A. 703. Aliche, alike, B. 1477. Alkaran = alkatran, B. 1035. Alle-kynne[gh], all kinds of, A. 1028. Allyt = a lyt = ? a little, B. 599. Almy[gh]t, almighty, A. 498. Alofte, on high, B. 1183. Al-one, A. 933. Al-only, except, A. 779. Alosed, destroyed, B. 274. See lose. Alow, approve, praise, reward, A. 634. O.Fr. louer. Lat. laudare. Aloynte, removed, far from (from O.E. aloigne, alogne, to remove, carry off. O.Fr. aloigner). Alo[gh], alow, softly, B. 670. Als, also, B. 253, 827, C. 516. Also, as, B. 984, 1045, 1792. {Also-tyd, Als-tyd, As-tyd,} at once, immediately, B. 64. See tyd. Al-a[gh], although, A. 759. Aler-fayrest, fairest of all, B. 1379. Aler-fynest, finest of all, B. 1637. Aler-rychest, richest of all, B. 1666. Aler-swettest, sweetest of all, B. 699. Alum, B. 1035. Amaffised, B. 1470. Amaraun[gh], B. 1470. Amatyst, amethyst, A. 1016. Ame, (1) vb. place, B. 698; (2) sb. purpose, C. 128. Germ. ahmen. Bavarian, amen, hmen, to guage a cask, fathom, measure. Amended, B. 248. Amesyng, sb. moderation, C. 400. See mese. Amoneste, admonish, B. 818. Amounted, B. 395. Amoynt, company, A. 895. And = an, if, B. 864. An-ende (on-ende), lastly, finally, A. 186. An-ende = anente, opposite, A. 1136; respecting, A. 697. An-ende[gh] = anentes, opposite, A. 975. Sc. anens. Anger, A. 343, B. 572. Angr, bitter, B. 1035. Anguych, anguish, C. 325. Ankre[gh], anchors, B. 418, C. 103. Anon, at once (= anane, onane, in one moment), A. 584. Anournement, ornament, B. 1290. Anoynted, B. 1446. Answar, answer, A. 518. Anter, peril, C. 242. To aunter, put a thyng in daunger, or adventure, adventurer (Palsgrave). An-vnder, under, A. 1081. Sc. anonder. Cf. down and adown, low and alow. Aparaunt, B. 1007. Apassed, past, A. 540. Apert, openly, A. 589. Apparaylmente, ornaments, A. 1052. Apparement, ornaments, B. 1270. Fr. appareiller, to fit, suit. Appose, vb. question, A. 902. Fr. apposer, to lay or set on, or near to. Aproche, A. 686, B. 8, 167. Fr. approcher, draw near. Lat. prope, near. Apyke, adorn, B. 1479, 1637. Aquyle, demand, ask, obtain, A. 690, 966. O.Fr. aquillir, to gather. {Aray, Araye,} A. 719, 1166; B. 816, 1442. O.Fr. arroyer, arrer, dispose, set in order. Arayned, arraigned, C. 191. O.Fr. arraisonner, arraigner. Are, before, previously, B. 438, 1128. Arende, errand, message, C. 72, A.S. aerend, aerende. Arest, sb. abode, resting place, B. 906. Areset, vb. stop, cease, B. 766, remain, C. 144. Fr. arrester. Lat. arestare. Arewarde, apostate, B. 208. Sc. areird, backward. {Arn, Arne,} are, A. 458, 628, B. 8, 1810. Aryue, A. 447. Ary[gh]t, aright, A. 112. Ar[gh]e, terrify, frighten, fear, B. 572, 713. Provincial arfe, arghe, afraid. Cf. "Arwe or ferefulle (arwhe, K. arowe or ferdfulle P.). Timidus, pavidus, formidolus." (Prompt. Parv.) The original notion is that of laziness, inertness, and hence timidity, fear, etc. A.S. earg, inert, timid, weak. Ger. arg, bad. Du. erg. Icel. argr, lazy, cowardly. Sc. argh, arch, to hesitate, be reluctant. "Antenor arghet with austerne wordes." —(T.B. 1977.) "Antenor, arghly auntrid of ship." —(T.B. 1831.) "A! Anec. quoth the qwene me ar[gh]es of my selfe, I am all in aunter, sa akis me the wame." —(K. Alex. p. 29.) "Sir Alexander and his ost was ar[gh]ed unfaire." —(Ibid. p. 132.) Ar, are, B. 1725. Are ? ane, one, A. 711. As, also, B. 179. As-bare, ? al bare, clearly, openly, A. 836. Asayl, B. 1188. Ascape, escape, B. 569. Ascry, sb. cry, outcry, B. 1784. vb. C. 195. Swed. anskri, outcry, scream. O.N. skri, cry. {Asent, Asente,} A. 391, "in asent," B. 788. Aske[gh], ashes, B. 626. Askry, shout, cry, B. 1206. See ascry. Aslypped, escaped, lost, C. 218. Aspaltoun, asphalt, B. 1038. Asperly, sharply, C. 373. Assayl, C. 301. Asscaped, escaped, B. 1776. Asscry, cry, shout. See ascry. Assemble, B. 1364, 1769. Assembl, A. 760. Asspye, espy, see, A. 704, 1035. {Assyse, Asyse,} form, fashion, A. 97, B. 844, service, B. 639. Astate, state, A. 393. Astraye, A. 1162. Astel, stole from, B. 1524. As-tyt, immediately, at once, A. 645, B. 935. Asure, B. 1411. Aswage, C. 3. At, that, A. 672. Atlyng, purpose, B. 688. Sc. ettle, to endeavour. N.Prov.E. ettle, attle, intend. Icel. aetla. "Armur & all thing atlet before." —(T.B. 855.) Ael, noble, B. 258, 411, 940, gracious, B. 761, fine, B. 1276, A.S. aeele, noble, excellent. Atount, so much (?), A. 179. At-slyke, slip away, A. 575. Atteny, attain, reach, A. 548. Attled, endeavoured. See atlyng. Attled, endowed, B. 207. It sometimes occurs under the form aghteld. N.Prov.E. ettle, to deal out, distribute. A.S. aeht, possession. "She was eldist & heire etlit to his londes." —(T.B. 394.) At-wappe, escape, B. 1205. See Wap. Atyre, B. 114. Augoste, august, A. 39. Auncetere[gh], auncestors, B. 258. {Aven, Aune,} own, B. 11, 1222. Aunte, A. 233. Aunter, adventure, marvel, B. 1600. See T.B. 1899. Auter, altar, B. 10. Autly, noble, B. 795. A.S. htlce, courageously, manfully. Avaunt, sb. promise, B. 664. Avayment, show, B. 1358. F. avoier. Auaye, show, B. 1311. Auenture, adventure, A. 64. O.Fr. aventure. Auise, advise, B. 1365. Avow, B. 664. Avoy, away! B. 863. Avyle, defile, B. 1151, 1713. Avysyoun, vision, A. 1184. Awayed, shown, A. 710. Awayle, avail, B. 408. Awowe, avow, C. 333. Ay, always, ever, A. 33, 720. A.S. va, a, all, ever. O.Fris. a. Germ. je, ever. Ayre, heir, B. 650, 1709. Ayer, each, A. 831. Aywhere, everywhere, B. 228. A[gh]er = asure, B. 1457. A[gh]ly = awly, fearfully, B. 874, 937. Dan. ave, fear. Eng. awe. O.Eng. agh. Cf. A.S. aglc, misery, grief. {A[gh]t, A[gh]te,} ought, pret. of a[gh]e, agh, or awe, B. 122. A[gh]t, eight, B. 357, C. 11, 29. A[gh]t-sum, sorrowful, B. 411. A[gh]te, eighth, A. 1011.

Baboyne, baboon, B. 1409. Babtem, A. 627. See Baptem. Bachlere[gh], batchelors, young men not yet raised to the order of knighthood, B. 86. Baft, abaft, C. 148. A.S. baefta, the hinder part. Bagge, baggage. C. 158. Bale, bales, C. 157. Sw. bal. Fr. balle, bal, a ball or pack. Bale, sorrow, woe; also misery, calamity, A. 18, 373; B. 1243, 1256; bale[gh], A. 123, 807. O.Fris. bale. A.S. bealu, torment, destruction. Icel. bl. Phrases: "bodyly bale" (pain), A. 478; "bale (torment) of helle," A. 651, "bale-stour," death pang, C. 426. Balele[gh] = baleless, innocent, C. 227. Balke, ridge of land, balk, A. 62. Icel. balkr, the division between the stalls in a cow-house. Sw. balka, to partition off. "To my shepe wylle I stalk, and herkyn anone, Ther abyde on a balk, or sytt on a stone." —(Town. Myst. p.99.) Balleful = baleful, wretched, wicked, B. 979. Balter, hop, jump, skip, C. 459. Balterande, halting, limping, B. 103. Sc. balter, to dance. "He baltyrde, he bleryde." —(Morte Arthure, p. 66.) Etymologically it is connected with palter and falter, and is applicable either to the unsteady gait of the lame or faltering steps of the blind. Baly = bayly, authority, jurisdiction, dominion, A. 1083. Baneres, B. 1404. Banne, proclamation, decree, B. 95, 1361. Banne, curse, B. 468, 885. Sw. bann, excommunication; banna, to reprove, chide, curse. "Bannet worthe the bale tyme at ho borne was." T.B. 1388. Banne, comfort, strengthen, B. 620. O.Sc. bawne. Bantel, A. 991, 1017; B. 1459, posts, pillars. Baptem, baptism, A. 627, 653. Baptysed, A. 818. Barayn, barren, B. 659. Bare, adj. naked, B. 452; sb. 791. Bare, only, B. 1573. Sw. bara. Bared, disclosed, B. 1149. Bare-heued, bare-headed, B. 633. {Bareres, Barre[gh],} bars, barriers, B. 963, 1239; C. 321. W. bar, rail, shaft. Fr. barre; barrire, abarrier. Cf. Sw. s-parre. Eng. s-par. Barme, bosom, C. 510. A.S. bearm. "Barme gremium." (Prompt. Parv.) "He fond Horn in arme On Rymenhilde barme." —(K. Horn, p. 294.) Barnage, childhood, B. 517. Barne, child, son, A. 426; barne[gh], A. 1040; B. 1085. Sc. bairn. A.S. bearn. Baronage, nobility, B. 1424. See T.B. 211. Baroune[gh], barons, B. 82, 1398. {Barre[gh], Barers,} bars, B. 884, 1263. Barst, burst, B. 963. {Base, Basse,} base, foundation, A. 1000, B. 1278. See T.B. 1652. Bassyn, basin, B. 1145, 1278. Bastele, B. 1187. "Bastyle of a castelle or cytye. Fascennia." (Prompt. Parv.) Basyng, base, A. 992. Bated, abated, B. 440. Bater, B. 1416. Batelment, B. 1459. Bae, dip, plunge, B. 1248. Bausen, badger, B. 392. "Bawstone or bawsone, or a gray, Taxus, melota." (Prompt. Parv.) Bawelyne, bow-line, B. 417. Bay, recess, B. 1392. The original meaning seems to be opening of any kind. Cf. bay, space in a building between two main beams (Forby). Bayly, dominion, A. 315, 442. Bayn, adv. readily, willingly, A. 807, B. 1511; ready, C. 136. N.Prov.E. bane, near, convenient. "Beyn or plyaunte. Flexibilis." (Prompt. Parv.) Bainly, readily, T.B. 135. Baysment, abasement, A. 174. Bayte, B. 55. O.N. beita. Baytayled, fortified, B. 1183. Beaut, A. 749. {Bed, Bede,} bid, command, invite; p.p. beden, A. 715, B. 95, 440. See T.B. 389. Beke, beak, B. 487. Bekyrande, sb. bikering, fighting, B. 1474. "Bekyryn or fyghtyn (bikkeringe), Pugno, dimico." (Prompt. Parv.) "Bolde men to batell and biker with hond." T.B. 2944. Bele, vb. boil, A. 18. N.Prov.E. bele. Bem, beam, ray, "bem of e brode heuen," B. 603. Bem, tree, A. 814. {Ben, Bene,} are, 3rd pers. pl. A. 572. Bench, seat, B. 130, 854. Bene, fair, A. 198. Bene, adj. kind, merciful, C. 418. Bent, field, plain, B. 532, 1675. See T.B. 1192. Ber, bore, pret. of bere, to bear, A. 426, B. 1480. Berdles, beardless, B. 789. Bereste, breast, A. 854. Berfray, watch tower, B. 1187. O.F. berfroi, beffroit. Fr. beffroir. M.Lat. belfredum. The modern English belfry is a corruption of berfray. Beryl, A. 110, 1011. Beryng, condition, state, behaviour, B. 1060, 1228. Best, beast, B. 288, 351. Beste, sb. best (one), A. 279. Besten, of beasts, B. 1446. Bete, (the fire) mend, repair, kindle, B. 627, p.p. bet, B. 1012. Prov.E. beat, to mend, repair. A.S. btan, (1) to improve, repair; (2) joined with fyr to mend a fire, to light or make a fire, to kindle. Bete, save, A. 757. A.S. btan, to remedy. Du. boeten, mend, fine, expiate. Bet[gh] = bes, shall be, A. 611. Present tense with future signification. Beuerage, drink, liquor, B. 1433, 1717. Fr. beuvrage, from Lat. bibere. Bewar, beware, B. 292. Bewt, A. 765. Beyng, sb. being, existence, A. 446. Bibbe, sip, drink, B. 1499. Prov.E. beb. Du. biberen, to drink much. "Bacus he was brayne-wode for bebbing of wynes." —(K. Alex. p. 154.) Bicalt, becalled, called from, A. 1163. "The kyng was full curteus, calt on a maiden." —(T.B. 388.) Bi-cnv, acknowledged, B. 1327. Bidde, bide, abide. C. 51. Biden, p.p. of bide = abide, B. 616. {Bifalle, Byfalle,} befal, A. 186. Bifore, before, A. 49. {Bigge, Bygge,} great, B. 43, bygger, A. 374. Bigge, build, B. 1666. A.Sax. byggan. Icel. byggia. O.Sw. bygga, build, also inhabit. Bigly, strongly, C. 321. See T.B. 904. Bigonne, began, B. 123. Bihynde, behind, B. 918. Biholde, behold, B. 150. Bihy[gh]t, promised, C. 29. Bikenne, give, hand over, B. 1296. Bilde, built, B. 1392. Bileue, remain, B. 1549. Bilooghe, below, B. 116. Birle, pour out, B. 1511. Prov.E. burl. A.S. byrelian, to give to drink. "And seruanz war at this bridale That birled win in cupp and schal." —(Met. Hom. p. 120.) Birolled, berolled, B. 959. Biseche, beseech, B. 614. Biso[gh]ten, besought, C. 375. Bispeke, speak, C. 169. Bisyde, beside, B. 926. Bi-talt, aroused, A. 1161. A.S. tealtian, tealtrian; (1) to tilt, shake; (2) to be in danger. William of Shoreham uses one form of this word: "For [gh]ef that water his kende lest That cristninge stant te-tealte." —(Poems, p. 9.) "For if that water its kind loseth, That christening standeth tottery, insecure" (i.e. not binding). Biteche, give up to, entrust to, B. 871; pret. bita[gh]t. Bited, bit, C. 373. {Bienkke, Bienke,} bethink, B. 1357. Bio[gh]t, bethought, B. 125. Bityde, betide; pret. bitydde, C. 61. Bityde, befall, B. 1804. Blade, B. 1105. Blake, black, A. 945; B. 747, 1449. Blame, vb. A. 275; B. 877, 1661; sb. B. 43. Blande, "in blande," together, B. 885. See blende. {Blasfamye, Blasfemyon,} B. 1661, 1712. Blayke, yellow, A. 27. Brockett has blayke with the sense of yellow, of a golden colour. "Bleyke of coloure." Pallidus, subalbus. (Prompt. Parv.) "Ther (in paradyse) were floures bothe blew and blake, Of alle frutes thei myth ther take." —(Cov. Myst. p. 2.) Bla[gh]t, white, A. 212, p.p. of bleach, just as ra[gh]t is of reach. Sc. blaucht. "As bla[gh]t ere thaire wedis As any snyppand snawe." —(K. Alex. p. 54.) Ble, colour, complexion, A. 76, 212; B. 791, 1759. Prov.E. ble, bly. A.S. bleo. Bleaunt, a robe of fine linen, A. 163. O.Eng. bliant, fine linen, W.llian, linen. The bl is merely an imitation of the Celtic ll. "A blewe bleaunt obofe brade him al ovir." —(K. Alex. p. 167.) Blench, stratagem, device, B. 1202. O.N. blekkia. Blemyst, blemished, B. 1421. O.Fr. blesmir. {Blende, Blente,} blended, mingled, mixt. A. 385, 1016; B. 967, 1788. A.S. blendian. Icel. blanda, to mix. Blo = bla, blue, livid, pale. B. 1017; C. 134. O.H.G. blao, N.Fris. bla. O.Sc. bla. {Blober, Bluber,} = blubber, waves, C. 221, 266. Prov.E. blubber, bubble; blob, bleb, abubble. "Blobure (blobyre, P.) Burbulium." (Prompt. Parv.) "Blober upon water (or bubble) bouteillis." (Palsg.) "The water blubbers up." (Baker, Northamptonshire Glossary.) Blod, a child, B. 686. Supposing the bl to represent ll we might refer it to the W. llawd, ayouth, lad. O.Sw. g-lott. Cf. bliant, bleant, from W. llian. "is Abel was a blissid blod, Bot Caim was the findes (devil's) fode (offspring)." —(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 7b.) Blod, blood, A. 650. Blok, space, C. 272. {Blom, Blome,} flower, bloom, A. 578, B. 1467. Sw. bloma, aflower. Du. bloeme. Ger. blume. "Blome flowre. Flos." (Prompt. Parv.) Blome[gh], blooms, flowers, A. 27. Blonk, horse, pl. blonke[gh], B. 87, 1392. See T.B. 2371. Blonkken, gen. pl. of horses, B. 1412. Blosched, looked, C. 343. See Blusch. Blose = blese, blaze, flame. A. 911. Icel. blossi, a flame. A.S. blaese, atorch. Dan. blus. Blot, spot, blemish, defilement, A. 782. "Ye ben worthy, he saide, to be blottede and spottede, foulede and defoulede with fenne (mire) and with drit of water (luto inquinari), and of blode, that in tyme of werre ne were nat be bespreynt, ne be wette with ennemyes blode." (Quoted by Way, from Roy. MS. 18, A. xii. B. iii. c. 10.) Blubrande = blubbering, bubbling, foaming, B. 1017. See blobber. Blunt, rushed, C. 272. Blunt, faint, A. 176. Icel. blunda, to sleep. Sw. blunda, to close the eyes. Dan. blende, to dazzle. Cf. "Blunt of wytte. Hebes." (Prompt. Parv.) {Blusch, Blusche,} look, glance, A. 980, 1083, B. 904, 998, 1537. N.Prov.E. blush, resemblance. Cf. "At the first blush," at the first appearance, at first sight. Dan. blusse, to blaze, flame, glow. There seems to be an etymological connection with words signifying to look, glow, blaze, shine, etc. "The kyng blyschit on the beryne (man) with his brode eghne." —(Morte Arthure, p. 10.) "He blusshed ouer backeward to e brodesee." —(See T.B. 1316.) {Blusnande, Blysnande,} shining, B. 1404. Icel. blys. Dan. blus, atorch. Du. blos, redness. Dan. blusse, to glow. Icel. lysa, to shine. Pl. D. bleistern, to glisten. Bluster, B. 886, to wander or stray about. "Ac there was wight noon so wys The wey thider kouthe, But blustreden forth as beestes Over bankes and hilles." —(Piers Ploughman, p. 108.) Blwe, blue, A. 423. Blwe, blew, B. 885. Blykked, shone, B. 603. A.S. blican, glitter, dazzle. Ger. blicken, shine, glance, look. Du. blicken, glitter; blick, aflash. "Hire bleo blyketh so bryht So feyr heo is ant fyn." —(Lyric Poems, p. 52.) Blyknande, shining, B. 1467. Blykned = blaykned, became black, B. 1759. Blynde, to become faded, dull, B. 1126. Blynne, cease, A. 729, B. 440, 1661, 1812. A.S. blinnan (for be-linnan). {Blysfol, Blysful,} blissful, A. 279, 409. Blysnande, shining, A. 163. See blusnande. Blysned, shone, A. 1048. Blye, joy, A. 354. Blythe is still used as a noun in the North of England. Blyely, joyfully, A. 385. Bobaunce, boasting, Fr. bobance, B. 179, 1712. {Bod, Bode,} command, B. 979; C. 56. A.S. bod, gebod, command, precept, message. "Bode or massage (boode, H.) nuncium." (Prompt. Parv.) Bod = abode, pret. of bide = abide, A. 62; B. 982; wait for, B.467. Bodworde, message, B. 473. See T.B. 6262. Bodyly, A. 478. Boffet, blast, B. 885. Boffete[gh], buffets, blows, A. 809; boffet, B. 43. Bok-lered, book-learned, B. 1551. Bold, bad, A. 806. A.S. bld, audacious. Sw. bld, proud, haughty, warlike. In early English writers the term was applied indifferently to men and women of bad character. "ou do me bote again is bald (bad one) For al e soth I haf e tald." —(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 48b.) Bol, bull, B. 1682; pl. bole[gh], B. 55. Bole, the round stem of a tree, B. 622. It enters also into composition in the word throte-bolle. Pl. bolle[gh], A. 76. Icel. bolr. Dan. bul. Sw. bl, trunk of a man's body. See T.B. 4960. Bolle, bowl, B. 1145, 1511. A.S. bolla. Icel. bolli. Bolled, embossed, B. 1464. Bolnande, swelling, B. 179. Bolne, swell, A. 18; B. 363. Icel. bolgna. Sw. bulna, to swell. In some early English works we find bollen (ibol[gh]e) the p.p. of a verb bol[gh]e = bulge, swell. "Bolnyn, Tumeo, turgeo, tumesco." (Prompt. Parv.) Bonc, bank, A. 907. Bone, prayer, petition, command (= boon). A. 912, 916; B. 826. A.S. ben. S.Sax. bone. O.N. bn rogatio. "Bone or graunte of prayer (boone P.) Precarium, peticio." (Prompt. Parv.) Bone, good, B. 28. {Boner, Bonere,} good, B. 733. Bonert, goodness, A. 762. Bongre, willingly, agreeably to, C. 56. See Gre. Bonk, bank, hill, A. 931, B. 379. Ger. bank, bench, bank of a river, etc. Bor, bower, chamber, dwelling, A. 964. A.S. bur, achamber. Icel. bur. N.Prov.E. boor, aparlour. Bore, born, A. 239, B. 584. Borde, table, B. 1433, 1717. Borde, board of a vessel, B. 470; C. 211. Bore[gh], boars, B. 55. Borges, burgess; sometimes written burgeise, C. 366. O.Fr. bourgeois, from Lat. burgensis. Borgoun, to burgeon, bud forth, B. 1042. Fr. bourgeon, bourjon, young bud or sprig. Prov. Fr. boure, bud. Fr. abourioner, to bud or sprout forth. See T.B. 4964. Borlych, burly, B. 1488. Borne = burne, stream, water, B. 482; borne[gh] heued, head of the stream, source, A. 974. A.S. burne. Goth. brunna. Icel. brunnr. G. born, brunnen, well, spring. Bornyst, burnished, A. 77, 220, B. 554. Fr. brunir, to polish. Boro[gh]t = bro[gh]t, brought, A. 628. {Bor[gh], Bor[gh]e,} city, town, A. 957, 989, B. 45, 834, 1750. A.S. burg, burh. Goth. baurgs. Icel. borg. Bos = bus = behoves, B. 687. Bosk, take, B. 351; boske to, go to, B. 834. See Busk. Boske[gh], bushes, B. 322. Icel. buskr. Bosum, bay, C. 107. Cf. N.Prov.E. bosom, the eddy. "Eneas and his feris on the strand Wery and forwrocht, sped thame to the nerrest land, And at the cost of Lyby arryvit he. Ane havyn place with a lang hals or entre Thar is, with an ile enveronyt on ather part, To brek the wallis and storm of every art, Within, the water in a bosum gays." —(G. Doug. vol. i. p. 33.) Bost, boast, arrogance. B. 179, 1450. Boster, boaster, B. 1499. Bostwys = busteous, boisterous, rough, fierce, A. 814. Pl. Du. bster, wild, fearful, savage. Cf. "Boystows, rudis." (Prompt. Parv.) Bustus, rudis, rigidus, to be bustus, rudere. (Cath. Angl.) The form bostwys would seem to point to bost, boast, as the probable root. Bot, "to bot," to boot, B. 473. Bot, command, B. 944. A.S. beot, threat, promise. Bot, only, A. 18, 382, except, A. 972; bot-if, unless, B. 1110. Bote, saviour, A. 275, 645; remedy, safety, C. 163. A.S. bt, amends, atonement; gebtan, to make amends. Du. boet, remedy; boeten, to mend. Boe, booth, tent, C. 441. {Boem, Boom,} valley, dale, B. 383, 450; pit, sea, B. 1030. Bottom, avalley, is still used in many of our provincial dialects, and is a frequent element in local names. A.S. botm, lowest point, depth, abyss. Du. bodem. Germ. boden. Icel. botn. Bothem, bottom, C. 144. Boemle[gh], bottomless, B. 1022. {Bouel, Bowel,} bowel, gut, B. 1251; C. 293. Bougoun (?) B. 1416. Boun, (1) ready; (2) finished, A. 534, 992, 1103. See T.B. 827. N.Prov.E. boun. Icel. bua, to prepare, p.p.buinn, prepared, ready. Bounden, fastened, B. 322; bound (p.p. of binde), A. 1103. Bounet, went, pret. of boun or bown, to go, B. 1398. See boun. See T.B. 827, 5230. "And (he) bownnes over a brode mede With breth (anger) at his herte." —(M. Arthure, p. 290.) Bount, goodness, B. 1436. Boure[gh] (bowers), chambers. B. 322. See Bor. Bourne = burne, man, A. 617. Bour[gh] = bor[gh], city, B. 1377. See Bor[gh]. Boute, without, B. 260, 824; C. 523. {Bow, Bowe,} to go, walk, literally, to bend (one's steps). A. 126, 974; B. 45, 379, 482. "Forth heo gunnen bugen In to Bruttaine." —(La[gh]. 2, 410.) "The burd bowet from e bede." —(T.B. 775.) A.S. bgan, to bow, bend, avoid, flee. Bowe, obey (bend to), C. 56, 75. Boy, a boy, youth, B. 878. Boye[gh], boys, men of low position, servants; generally used in a bad sense, "boye[gh] bolde," A. 806. "—— bot a boye one (alone) Hoves by hym on a blonke (horse) and his spere holdes." —(Morte Arthure, p. 211.) "I wende no Bretones walde bee basschede for so lyttille And fore bare-legyde boyes that one the bente houys." —(Ibid. p. 178.) Bo[gh] = bow, go, A. 196; B. 1242, 1551. See Bow. Bo[gh]e, bough, B. 616, 1467. Bo[gh]t, bought, A. 651. Bo[gh]ted, curved, C. 449. A.S. bugan, to bend. Dan. bugt, bend, turn. Sc. bought, to fold, bend. Brade, broad, A. 138. Brake vp = break up, throw up, spew, C. 340. Ger. sich brechen. Du. braeken, to vomit. "Brakyn, or castyn or spewe. Vomo." (Prompt. Parv.) Braken (brake, bracken), fern, B. 1675, Sw. brken, Dan. bregne, Icel. brok, sedge. "A brakane filix, abrakan, buske filicarium." (Cath. Angl.) Braste, burst, C. 148. Brathe = bree, anger, ire, also fierceness. A. 1170; B. 916. O.N. braedi, anger. It sometimes signifies angry. "Bade hom blyn of hor brathe." —(T.B. 5075.) "For this word was Saul wrath, For oft-sith was he bremli brath." —(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 42b.) Brae[gh], pl. of brae, A. 346. Braunches, B. 1464. Braundysch, display, A. 346. Bray, utter (aloud), roar, A. 346. Sw. brka. Brayde, brought, A. 712; aroused, awakened, A. 1170; "at a brayde," at a start (Icel. at bragdi), at once, B. 539; "in a brayd,"