It would have been better for the whole civilized world had there been more wisely clever men, such as Charles James Fox, in public life in this and other countries during Napoleon's time. He was the one great Englishman who towered above any of the ministers who were contemporary with him in this country, and certainly no public man had a finer instinct than he as to the policy Great Britain should observe towards a nation that was being dragged out of the cesspool of corruption and violence into a democratic grandeur of government that was the envy of Continental as well as British antiquarians. Fox saw clearly the manifest benefit to both countries if they could be made to understand and not to envy each other. In 1802, Fox was received in Paris like a highly popular monarch. The whole city went wild with the joy of having him as the guest of France. He was the great attraction at the theatres next to the First Consul, whom Fox declared "was a most decided character, that would hold to his purpose with more constancy and through a longer interval than is imagined; his views are not directed to this, i.e. the United Kingdom, but to the Continent only." "I never saw," he says, "so little indirectness in any statesman as in the First Consul." Had Fox been supported by sufficient strong men to counteract the baneful influence of the weeds who were a constant peril to the country over whose destinies George III and they ruled, we should have been saved the ghastly errors that were committed in the name of the British people. The King's dislike to Fox was openly avowed. He used to talk incessantly of going back to Hanover whenever he was thwarted in his disastrous policy of giving the country a stab, or when the inevitable brought Fox into office. Everything that emanated from the great statesman was viewed with aversion and as being unjust and indecent by the royal Lilliputian, while Fox's estimate of the King could not be uttered on a lower plane. He says, in speaking of His Majesty, "It is intolerable to think that it should be in the power of one blockhead to do so much mischief"—meaning, I presume, amongst many other blunders, the mess he was persisting in making over American affairs.

Had there been capable statesmen during that crisis, the Continent of Europe and the vast dominions of Great Britain would not have been at war this day with the pernicious Power that we, more than any other nation, as has been previously stated, helped to create and foster.

V

Fox was the only genius in our political life at that time, while Pitt was a mere shadow in comparison, though it is fair to state that the former always believed that he and Pitt would have made a workable combination. As to the rest, they were pretty much on the level of the Lilliputians with whom the late traveller, Mr. Lemuel Gulliver, had such intimate and troublesome relations. The book by the Dean of St. Patrick's, "Gulliver's Travels," is a perfect caricature of the political dwarfs of his time, and vividly represents the men who misruled this country in George III's reign. But the Dean's laughable history of the pompous antics of the Lilliputians is a picture which describes the constitution of our present administration who are managing the critical affairs of the nation so ill that disaster is inevitable in many forms, seen and unseen. The administrative machine is clogged with experimental human odds and ends who have neither wit, knowledge, nor wisdom to fill the post allotted to them, and the appalling thought is that the nation as a whole is being blustered by the intriguers who are forcing every national interest into certain destruction. Truly the Lilliputians are a plague on all human interests, real patriotism, and capacity: always mischievous, always incapable, just the same now as when, in the eighteenth century, their type forced a peaceful and neutral Power into war because they refused to yield their fleet to them; always seeing things that do not exist, and foreboding perils that would never have come but for their dwarfish interference. They discovered in their flights of frenzy and fancy that Napoleon intended to take possession by force of the Danish fleet, when, as a matter of fact, he had never shown any indication, by word or thought, of committing an act so unjust and hostile to his own interests. A strong point in his policy was to keep Denmark on terms of friendly neutrality. Moreover, he was not, as many writers have said (in loyalty to fashion), an unscrupulous breaker of treaties. It was an unworthy act of the British Government to send Mr. Jackson as their representative to bully the Danes into giving up their fleet to the British, on the plea that they had learned by reports through various channels what Napoleon's intentions were. Count Bernsdorf, to whom Jackson insolently conveyed the nightmare of his Government, very properly raged back at him that "the Danish Government had no such information, and that he was adducing false reports and mere surmises quite unworthy of credit to fill the measure of British injustice in forcing Denmark into a ruinous war. It was folly to suppose that Napoleon could gain anything by throwing Norway and Denmark into an alliance with England and Sweden." Then he adds, with a dignified sense of wrong, "that the Regent knew how to defend his neutrality." "It might be possible," retorts Mr. Jackson, "though appearances are against that supposition, that the Danish Government did not wish to lend itself to hostile views; still, it could not resist France." Then Bernsdorf, who has right on his side, said in accents of crushing anger, "So! because you think Napoleon has the intention of wounding us in the tenderest part, you would struggle with him for priority and be the first to do the deed?" "Yes," responds the distinguished representative of the upholders of the rights of nations, "Great Britain would insist upon a pledge of amity." "What pledge," demands the Count. "The pledge of uniting the Danish forces to those of Great Britain," is the reply.

It will be seen that nothing short of vassalism will satisfy the policy laid down by the stupid emancipationists of downtrodden nations, as represented by the impressive effrontery of the noble Jackson. What a terrible piece of wooden-headed history was the effort to force Denmark to break her neutrality or make war on her! They seized Zealand, and because the Prince Regent refused to agree to their perfidy, they kept possession of it. The Prince sent written instructions to burn all the ships and stores, but the messenger was captured and the faithful person to whom the delivery of the document was entrusted swallowed it (i.e. swallowed the instructions). Copenhagen had been bombarded and practically reduced to destruction by Nelson, who had settled with the Danes on favourable British terms, one of the conditions being that they were to leave with their booty in six weeks. The Regent subsequently declared war and outwitted the British designs (so it is said) on Zealand.

Castlereagh sought the aid of Lord Cathcart to find a dodge by which his Government could inveigle the Danes to commit a breach of the Convention, but the latter stood firm by the conditions, and the commanders, being disgusted with the whole affair, declined to aid their Chiefs in the Government in any act of double dealing. But they had the Emperor Alexander of Russia to deal with. He offered to act as intermediary between Great Britain and France in order to bring about an honourable peace. The British Government refused, and it is stated on incontrovertible authority that Alexander was furious, and upbraided the British with having used troops, which should have been sent to Russia's aid, to crush Denmark. The outrage of attacking a small State which was at peace and with which she had no quarrel was powerfully denounced by Alexander. He accused the British Government "of a monstrous violation of straight dealing, by ruining Denmark in the Baltic, which it knew was closed to foreign hostilities under a Russian guarantee."

This caused Alexander to break off relations with Great Britain and annul all treaties he had with her. Canning feebly replied to the Russian Emperor's taunts, and, amongst other things, accused him of throwing over the King of the Huns. No wonder that Russia and some of the other Powers resented the perfidious conduct of British statesmen, employing British military and naval forces to overthrow and destroy not only a friendly Power, but one of the smallest and most strictly neutral States in Europe! Alexander jibed at them for using their resources for this unjust purpose, instead of sending them to help him when he was being so desperately driven to defeat by Napoleon. What a loutish trick it was to imagine that any real political or practical benefit could be derived from it! The seizure of the Danish fleet was a low-down act, for which those who were responsible should have been pilloried. The reasons given could not be sustained at the time, and still remain entirely unsupported by fact. There is no more disgraceful proceeding to be found in the pages of history than our raid on this small and highly honourable, inoffensive, and brave people.

This bad statesmanship was deplorable. It set the spirit of butchery raging. It made a new enemy for ourselves, and in an economic sense added hundreds of thousands to our national debt, without deriving a vestige of benefit from either a military or political point of view. It undoubtedly prolonged the war, as all those squint-eyed enterprises are certain to do. It made us unpopular and mistrusted, and had no effect in damaging Napoleon's activities, nor of taking a single ally from him. There are occasions when nations have forced upon them cruel stratagems and alternatives, revolting in their abominable unworthiness, but in the case I am discussing I have found no substantial justification, nor has the deed been backed up to now or supported by a single real authority. Nothing but condemnation still hangs round the memory of those hapless ministers who made the world so full of misery. I repeat, the greatest of all perils is to have a Government composed of men whose brains are full of kinks, and who do not reach beyond the bounds of basing their policy on the idea that some foreigner or other has designs on our national wealth, our trade, or our vast protectorates. In recent years that view has been dissipated, and the plan of broadening the national goodwill to men has been adopted and encouraged by a body of sound, unpretentious thinkers who have taken pains to train important gifts in the art of good government in all its varied aspects and international complexities. The whole public have had to pay appalling penalties in the past because an impulsive handful of the population is of opinion that self-advertising, harum-scarum politicians, in and out of office, are the geniuses who make and keep prosperity. This uncontrolled, emotional trend of thought comes in cycles and is unerringly followed by bitter disillusionment. It was so during the wars at the beginning of the last century, and it is so now. We always reflect after the tragedy has been consummated. Safe and astute administrators are always termed the "old gang" by the political amateurs, and the calamity is that a large public is so often carried away by the flighty delusions of the real cranks who style themselves the saviours of their country. At the present time we have as sure an example as ever the known world has witnessed of the awful disaster the resignation of the "old gang" has been to the whole of the Powers interested in this world-war, especially to our own country. We shall realize this more fully by and by when the naked truth presents itself. The very people who are conspicuously responsible for the destruction of unity always bellow the loudest to maintain it after they have been the high conspirators in breaking it, aided by their guilty followers. What bitter lessons this land of ours has been subjected to in other days! For twenty years the country was kept in the vortex of a raging war, with no more justification than giving Mr. Jackson instructions that the one imperative idea to keep in his mind was to take possession of the Danish fleet. Nothing was to stand in the way of this great adventure, shameless though it might be.

Lord Malmesbury writes in his diary: "Capture of Danish fleet by surprise on account of most undoubted information received from the Prince Regent of Portugal of Bonaparte's intention to use the Portuguese and Danish fleets for invasion of England. First hint of the plan given by the Prince of Wales to the Duke of Portland. The Portuguese refused the demand, and told the British Government of it; the Danes accepted, kept silence, and afterwards denied it." The entry in Malmesbury's diary has been proved to be a string of pure inventions, for which he or some other informants are responsible. I have said no record has been left to show that Napoleon ever had any intention of occupying the ports of Holstein or of using the Danish fleet for the invasion of Great Britain and Ireland. Members of Parliament in the House of Commons and members of the House of Lords proved beyond question that ministers' statements, taking the dates into account, were entirely erroneous. Canning defended the sending of the expedition, which was natural, as he was one of the principal advocates of it. But the House would stand none of his tricks of evasion or repudiation. He, like some more modern ministers, ventured on the hazardous plan of deceiving Parliament, and, as was said at the time, setting fair dealing at defiance. Canning, like all tricksters, read extracts from documents, authentic and otherwise, to prove that Denmark was hostile to Britain, but when a demand was made for their inspection, he impudently refused to allow the very documents he had based his case of justification on to be scrutinized, and in consequence no other conclusion could be arrived at than that he was unscrupulously misleading the country. In fact, the Government's case was so bad it would not bear the light of God's day!

I venture to say that Mr. Fox knew more of the character, political intricacies, and ambitions of the French race than any public man or writer of history of his own or in subsequent years. He always based his conclusions on a sound logical point. He was an accurate thinker, who refused to form his judgments on light, faulty and inaccurate newspaper paragraphs about what was going on around him. He was opposed to Pitt and his supporters' policy of carrying on war with France. He wanted peace, but they wanted the Bourbons, because the Bourbon section in France and the old autocracy in his own and other kingly countries were opposed to the new ruler the masses in France had chosen. He ridiculed the folly of our mental nonentities for "making such a fuss about acknowledging the new Emperor. May not the people give their own Magistrate the name they choose?" he asks. "On what logical grounds did we claim the right to revoke by the force of arms the selection by the French people of a ruler on whom they wished to bestow the title of Emperor?" Fox poured lavishly his withering contempt on those miscreants who arrogantly claimed the right to be consulted (for that is practically what their war policy amounted to) as to who the French should put on the throne and what his title should be. They had acknowledged Napoleon in the capacity of First Consul, but they shuddered at the consequences to the human race of having an Emperor sprung upon them whose glory was putting kingship into obscurity. Besides, an Emperor who combined humble origin with democratic genius and ambition created by the Revolution was a challenge to the legitimacy of the Divine Right of Kings and a reversal of the order of ages. George III raged at Pitt for including Fox in his Ministry when he was asked to form a Government. "Does Mr. Pitt," said he, "not know that Mr. Fox was of all persons most offensive to him?" "Had not Fox always cheered the popular Government of France, and had he not always advocated peace with bloodstained rebels? And be it remembered the indecorous language he had frequently used against his sovereign, and consider his influence over the Prince of Wales. Bring whom you like, Mr. Pitt, but Fox never."

George III, King by the Grace of God, relented somewhat in his dislike of Fox before the latter died, and his wayward son, the Prince of Wales, said "that his father was well pleased with Mr. Fox in all their dealings after he came into office." It is an amazing form of intelligence that commits a nation to join in a war against another for having brought about a revolution and for creating their first soldier-statesman an "Emperor," and ranks him and his compatriots as "bloodstained rebels." To class Napoleon as a bloodstained rebel and to put him on a level with the Robespierres and the Dantons is an historic outrage of the truth. He had nothing whatever to do with bringing about the Revolution, though his services saved it, and out of the terrible tumult and wreck superhumanly re-created France and made her the envy of the modern world. The great defender of the Rights of Kings and of the colossal European fabric was appealed to by the man whom George III associated with the "bloodstained rebels" to come to some common understanding so that the shedding of blood might cease, but that robust advocate of peace (!) contemptuously ignored his appeals to negotiate. In 1805 he was raised to the Imperial dignity, and one of his first acts was to write with his own hand that famous letter which I have previously quoted, pleading, with majestic dignity, for the King of England, in the name of humanity, to co-operate with him in a way that will bring about friendly relations between the two Governments and the spilling of blood to an end. The King "by the Grace of God" and his horde of bloodsucking, incompetent ministers insulted the French nation and the great captain who ruled over its destinies by sending through Lord Mulgrave an insolent, hypocritical reply to the French ministers.

The rage of war continued for another decade. If George III yearned for peace as he and his ministers pretended, why did the King not write a courteous autograph letter back to Napoleon, even though he regarded him as an inferior and a mere military adventurer? The nation had to pay a heavy toll in blood and money in order that the assumptions and dignity of this insensate monarch might be maintained, whose abhorrence of "bloodstained rebels" did not prevent him and his equally insensate advisers from plunging the American colonists into a bloody rebellion, which ended so gloriously for them and so disastrously for the motherland. They had asked for reforms that were palpably reasonable and necessary, and received insulting replies to their courteous demands, which compelled them to take up arms against the King of England, with a vow that they would not sheathe the sword until they had won complete independence from the arrogant autocracy that had driven them to war.

They were led by the noble genius of George Washington and Dr. Franklin, who were in turn strongly supported by and united to colleagues of high constructive and administrative talents. Their task was long and fierce, but the gallant, elusive Washington led them through the tremendous struggle to victory, which culminated in founding the greatest and best constituted of all republics, whose sons are fighting side by side with the descendants of those who were forced into fighting their own race, through the maladministration of the King and his guilty Government, at the head of which was the genial but ultra-reactionary Lord North, who was a special favourite of George because he was accommodating; and indeed, all the King's friends were reactionary and dangerous to the real interests of the State when in power. The King's terrific responsibility for the great calamities that befell the country during his reign can only be absolved by the knowledge that he was subject to fits of prolonged lunacy; in fact, it may be said that even in his saner periods his acts were frequently those of an idiot. Though he cannot be accused of lacking in integrity, he disliked men who were possessed of that virtue, coupled with enlightened views, having anything to do with the government of the State. In short, he was totally unsuited to govern at any time, but especially when the atmosphere was charged with violent human convulsions. He loved lick-spittles, because they did his will for value received in various sordid forms, and, as I have said, he loathed the incorruptible and brilliant Charles James Fox, because he refused to support his fatal policies and that of the cocksparrow members of his Government, who from time to time threatened the very foundations of our national existence.

The more George persisted, the louder became Fox's protests. Posterity can never accurately estimate how much it owes to statesmen who acted with Fox, but the influences the King had behind him were too formidable for Fox to grapple with. He would have saved us from the fratricidal war with America, and from the unpardonable wickedness of involving the country in the wars with France, who was fighting out her own prodigious destiny on the Continent, which was no concern of ours, except that the sane policy of the King and his Government should have been to encourage the democratizing of the Continental States. It was no love of liberty, or for the people, or for reforms of any kind, that led George III and his satellites to wage war against the man of the French Revolution. It was the fear of placing more power in the hands of the people and allowing less to remain in his own. But the main fear of the King and his autocratic subjects was lest Napoleon would become so powerful that he would destroy the whole monarchy of Europe! It was the view of small-minded men. Even Napoleon had his limitations, even if this had been his object. But there was no symptom, except that of panic, to justify the assertion that he ever intended to include war on the United Kingdom in his policy. There never was a truer statement made by the Emperor than "C'est avec des hochets qu'on mene les hommes"; which is, "Men are led by trifles." Hence we went to war with him, and the result of it is that the race that he mistrusted most and saw the necessity of keeping severely within limits has risen up against civilization and created a world-war into which we and our Allies have been obliged to enter in self-defence. That is the inevitable penalty we are having to pay for the action we took in helping the Germans to destroy France. I know it is asserted it was not France but Napoleon whose power they aimed at breaking, but the one could not be broken without the other.

FOOTNOTES:

[19] There are many conflicting accounts of Napoleon's part in the arrest, trial, and his intention of pardoning the Duc d'Enghien. It has been stated that he gave Murat his word that the Duc would be pardoned, and when Murat heard that the Prince had been shot, he exclaimed, "There has been treachery!" On the other hand, Bertrand was steadfast in his belief that Murat urged his immediate execution on the grounds that if it was not done at once, Napoleon would grant clemency.

[20] The terms of capitulation were agreed to and signed by Ruffo, the Russian and Turkish commanders, and by Captain Foote, representing the British Government. Thirty-six hours afterwards Nelson arrived in the Bay of Naples, and cancelled the treaty. Captain Foote was sent away, and the shocking indefensible campaign of Nelson's carried out. Nothing during the whole of Napoleon's career can match this terrible act of Nelson's.

[21] Italics are the author's.

[22] "History du Consulat et de l'Empire," vol. xix. p. 619, published August, 1861.



SEA SONGS

EXPLANATORY NOTE

These quaint old doggerel songs are taken from an admirable selection of sailor songs published by John Ashton. The names of the writers are not given, but their strong nautical flavour and queer composition indicate their origin. No landsman can ever imitate the sailor when the power of song or composition is on him. He puts his own funny sentiment and descriptive faculty into his work, which is exclusively his own.

Many of the songs in Mr. Ashton's book I have heard sung with great fervour in my early days, by a generation of men ahead of my own, who must have long since passed away. Sometimes the audiences in the forecastle or on deck were appreciative of the efforts of the singer, but if they were not, they always had a boot or some other handy implement ready to throw at him. The reception given to some of my own singing efforts in boyhood on these merry occasions was mixed. Sometimes I forgot both words and tune, and had, therefore, to pass good-humouredly through the orthodox process of disapproval that was regarded as part of the entertainment.

Any song or recital concerning Nelson, Collingwood, or the later sea hero, Charley Napier, was eminently popular, and to break down in the rendering of any one of these was an offence to their exalted memories. "The Sailor's Grave," which I regret is not included in Mr. Ashton's collection, was in great demand when the sailors were in a solemn mood. Both the words and the tune were ridiculously weird, and when it came to the details of the hero's illness, his looks after death, the sewing up in his hammock, and the tying of two round shots at his feet for sinking purposes, the artist always sang with his hands linked in front of him and his eyes cast heavenward gazing fixedly at a spot on the ceiling. Then came the burial verse:—

A splash and a plunge, and his task was o'er, And the billows rolled as they rolled before, And many a wild prayer followed the brave, As he sunk beneath a sailor's grave.

This verse always drew tears from the sentimentalists in the audience, and if the singer had pleased by his efforts the song ended in a roar of tumultuous applause.

I have thought it appropriate to add to these doggerel rhymes "The Battle of Copenhagen," "The Death of Nelson," and "The Arethusa." These are sea songs, not sailor's songs, and are of distinctly greater merit, but as two of them deal with Nelson, and as all three have always been most popular, they may not be out of place here.

I

THE BATTLE OF THE NILE

'Twas on the forenoon, the first day of August, One thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight, We had a long pursuit after the Toulon fleet; And soon we let them know that we came for to fight. We tried their skill, it was sore against their will, They knew not what to think of our fleet for a while, But, before the fray began, we resolved to a man, For to conquer or to die at the mouth of the Nile.

When our guns began to play, with many a loud huzza, Resolving to conquer, or die, to a man, And when our sails were bending, Old England was depending, Waiting our return from the Mediterranean. Our bull dogs they did roar, and into them did pour, With rattling broadsides made brave Nelson to smile, Gallant Nelson gave command, altho' he'd but one hand, British sailors jumped for joy at the mouth of the Nile.

Night drawing on, we formed a plan To set fire to one hundred and twenty guns, We selected them with skill, and into them did drill, We secured all our shipping, and laughed at the fun. About ten o'clock at night, it was a broiling fight, Which caused us to muzzle our bull dogs for a while, The L'Orient blew up, and round went the cup, To the glorious memorandum at the mouth of the Nile.

Kind Providence protected each minute of the night, It's more than tongue can tell, or yet a pen can write, For 'mongst the jolly tars, brave Nelson got a scar, But Providence protected him thro' that cruel fight. The French may repine, we took nine sail of the line, Burnt and sunk all but two, which escaped for a while, Brave Nelson gave command, altho' he'd but one hand, British sailors fought like lions at the mouth of the Nile.

But now the battle's o'er, and Toulon's fleet's no more, Great news we shall send unto George our King, All the Kingdoms in Europe shall join us in chorus, The bells they shall ring, and bonfires they shall blaze, Rule Britannia shall be sung, through country and town, While sailors, hand in hand, round the can do sing, Bonaparte got the pledge of Europe for his wage, And he'll ne'er forget bold Nelson at the mouth of the Nile.

II

A NEW SONG ON LORD NELSON'S VICTORY AT COPENHAGEN

Draw near, ye gallant seamen, while I the truth unfold, Of as gallant a naval victory as ever yet was told, The second day of April last, upon the Baltic Main, Parker, Nelson, and their brave tars, fresh laurels there did gain. With their thundering and roaring, rattling and roaring, Thundering and roaring bombs.

Gallant Nelson volunteered himself, with twelve sail form'd a line, And in the Road of Copenhagen he began his grand design; His tars with usual courage, their valour did display, And destroyed the Danish navy upon that glorious day. With their, etc.

With strong floating batteries in van and rear we find, The enemy in centre had six ships of the line; At ten that glorious morning, the fight begun, 'tis true, We Copenhagen set on fire, my boys, before the clock struck two. With their, etc.

When this armament we had destroyed, we anchor'd near the town, And with our bombs were fully bent to burn their city down; Revenge for poor Matilda's wrongs, our seamen swore they'd have, But they sent a flag of truce aboard, their city for to save. With their, etc.

For the loss of his eye and arm, bold Nelson does declare, The foes of his country, not an inch of them he'll spare; The Danes he's made to rue the day that they ever Paul did join, Eight ships he burnt, four he sunk, and took six of the line. With their, etc.

Now drink a health to gallant Nelson, the wonder of the world, Who, in defence of his country his thunder loud has hurled; And to his bold and valiant tars, who plough the raging sea, And who never were afraid to face the daring enemy. With their thundering and roaring, rattling and roaring, Thundering and roaring bombs.

III

THE BATTLE OF BOULOGNE

On the second day of August, eighteen hundred and one, We sailed with Lord Nelson to the port of Boulogne, For to cut out their shipping, which was all in vain, For to our misfortune, they were all moored and chained.

Our boats being well mann'd, at eleven at night, For to cut out their shipping, except they would fight, But the grape from their batteries so smartly did play, Nine hundred brave seamen killed and wounded there lay.

We hoisted our colours, and so boldly them did spread, With a British flag flying at our royal mast head, For the honour of England, we will always maintain, While bold British seamen plough the watery main.

Exposed to the fire of the enemy she lay, While ninety bright pieces of cannon did play, Where many a brave seaman then lay in his gore, And the shot from their batteries so smartly did pour.

Our noble commander, with heart full of grief, Used every endeavour to afford us relief, No ship could assist us, as well you may know, In this wounded condition, we were tossed to and fro.

And you who relieve us, the Lord will you bless, For relieving poor sailors in time of distress, May the Lord put an end to all cruel wars, And send peace and contentment to all British tars.

IV

THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR

Arise, ye sons of Britain, in chorus join and sing, Great and joyful news is come unto our Royal King, An engagement we have had by sea, With France and Spain, our enemy, And we've gain'd a glorious victory, Again, my brave boys.

On the 21st of October, at the rising of the sun, We form'd the line for action, every man to his gun, Brave Nelson to his men did say, The Lord will prosper us this day, Give them a broadside, fire away, My true British boys.

Broadside after broadside our cannon balls did fly, The small shot, like hailstones, upon the deck did lie, Their masts and rigging we shot away, Besides some thousands on that day, Were killed and wounded in the fray, On both sides, brave boys.

The Lord reward brave Nelson, and protect his soul, Nineteen sail the combin'd fleets lost in the whole; Which made the French for mercy call; Nelson was slain by a musket ball. Mourn, Britons, mourn.

Each brave commander, in tears did shake his head, Their grief was no relief, when Nelson he was dead; It was by a fatal musket ball, Which caus'd our hero for to fall. He cried, Fight on, God bless you all, My brave British tars.

Huzza my valiant seamen, huzza, we've gain'd the day, But lost a brave Commander, bleeding on that day, With joy we've gain'd the victory, Before his death he did plainly see I die in peace, bless God, said he, The victory is won.

I hope this glorious victory will bring a speedy peace, That all trade in England may flourish and increase, And our ships from port to port go free, As before, let us with them agree, May this turn the heart of our enemy. Huzza, my brave boys.

V

NELSON AND COLLINGWOOD

Come all you gallant heroes, and listen unto me, While I relate a battle was lately fought at sea. So fierce and hot on every side, as plainly it appears, There has not been such a battle fought, no not for many years.

Brave Nelson and brave Collingwood, off Cadiz harbour lay, Watching the French and Spaniards, to show them English play, The nineteenth of October from the Bay they set sail, Brave Nelson got intelligence, and soon was at their tail.

It was on the twenty-first my boys, we had them clear in sight, And on that very day, at noon, began the bloody fight. Our fleet forming two columns, then he broke the enemy's line, To spare the use of signals, was Nelson's pure design.

For now the voice of thunder is heard on every side, The briny waves like crimson, with human gore were dy'd; The French and Spanish heroes their courage well did show, But our brave British sailors soon brought their colours low.

Four hours and ten minutes, this battle it did hold, And on the briny ocean, men never fought more bold, But, on the point of victory brave Nelson, he was slain, And, on the minds of Britons, his death will long remain.

Nineteen sail of the enemy are taken and destroyed, You see the rage of Britons, our foes cannot avoid: And ages yet unborn will have this story for to tell, The twenty-first of October, our gallant Nelson fell.

I hope the wives and children will quickly find relief, For the loss of those brave heroes, their hearts are filled with grief, And may our warlike officers aspire to such a fame, And revenge the death of Nelson, with his undying name.

VI

GIVE IT TO HIM, CHARLEY

Arouse, you British sons, arouse! And all who stand to Freedom's cause, While sing of the impending wars, And England's bluff old Charley. I'll tell how British seamen brave, Of Russian foes will clear the wave, Old England's credit for to save, Led on by gallant Charley.

Our gallant tars led by Napier, May bid defiance to the Bear, While hearty shouts will rend the air, With, Mind, and give it to him, Charley.

Our jolly tars will have to tell, How they the Russian bears did quell, And each honest heart with pride will dwell, For our jackets blue, and Charley. For they'll never leave a blot or stain, While our British flag flies at the main, But their foes they'll thrash again and again, While led on by gallant Charley. Our gallant tars, etc.

Tyrant Nicky, you may fume and boast, And with threats disturb each peaceful coast, But you reckoned have without your host, For you're no good to our tars and Charley. From our wooden walls warm pills will fly, Your boasted power for to try, While our seamen with loud shouts will cry, Let us give it to him, Charley. Our gallant tars, etc.

For your cowardly tricks at Sinope Bay, Most dearly we will make you pay, For our tars will show you bonny play, While commanded by brave Charley. For tho' brave Nelson, he is dead, Our tars will be to victory led. By one brave heart we have instead, And that brave heart is Charley's. Our gallant tars, etc.

England and France they will pull down The Eagle and Imperial Crown, And his Bear-like growls we soon will drown, With, Let us give it him, Charley. For while England and France go hand in hand They conquer must by sea and land, For no Russian foe can e'er withstand, So brave a man as Charley. Our gallant tars, etc.

Despotic Nick, you've been too fast, To get Turkey within your grasp, But a Tartar you have caught at last, In the shape of our tars and Charley. Then here's success with three times three, To all true hearts by land or sea, And this the watchword it shall be, Mind, and give it to them, Charley.

Our gallant tars led by Napier, May bid defiance to the Bear. While hearty shouts will rend the air, With, Mind, and give it to him, Charley.

VII

THE ARETHUSA

Come all ye jolly sailors bold, Whose hearts are cast in honour's mould, While England's glory I unfold, Huzza to the Arethusa. She is a frigate tight and brave, As ever stemmed the dashing wave; Her men are staunch To their fav'rite launch, And when the foe shall meet our fire, Sooner than strike we'll all expire, On board of the Arethusa.

'Twas with the spring-fleet she went out, The English Channel to cruise about, When four French sail, in show so stout, Bore down on the Arethusa. The fam'd Belle Poule straight ahead did lie, The Arethusa seem'd to fly, Not a sheet, or a tack, Or a brace did she slack, Tho' the Frenchman laugh'd, and thought it stuff, But they knew not the handful of men, so tough, On board of the Arethusa.

On deck five hundred men did dance, The stoutest they could find in France, We, with two hundred, did advance On board of the Arethusa. Our captain hail'd the Frenchman, ho! The Frenchman then cried out, hallo! "Bear down, d'ye see To our Admiral's lee." "No, no," said the Frenchman, "that can't be"; "Then I must lug you along with me," Says the saucy Arethusa.

The fight was off the Frenchman's land, We forc'd them back upon their strand; For we fought till not a stick would stand Of the gallant Arethusa. And now we've driven the foe ashore, Never to fight with Britons more, Let each fill a glass To his favourite lass! A health to our captain, and officers true, And all that belong to the jovial crew, On board of the Arethusa.

VIII

COPENHAGEN

Of Nelson and the North, Sing the day, When, their haughty powers to vex, He engaged the Danish decks; And with twenty floating wrecks Crowned the fray.

All bright, in April's sun, Shone the day, When a British fleet came down Through the island of the Crown, And by Copenhagen town Took their stay.

In arms the Danish shore Proudly shone; By each gun the lighted brand In a bold determined hand, And the Prince of all the land Led them on.

For Denmark here had drawn All her might; From her battleships so vast She had hewn away the mast, And at anchor, to the last Bade them fight.

Another noble fleet Of their line Rode out; but these were nought To the batteries which they brought, Like Leviathans afloat In the brine.

It was ten of Thursday morn By the chime; As they drifted on their path There was silence deep as death, And the noblest held his breath For a time—

Ere a first and fatal round Shook the flood. Every Dane looked out that day. Like the red wolf on his prey, And he swore his flag to sway O'er our blood.

Not such a mind possessed England's tar; 'Twas the love of noble game Set his oaken heart on flame, For to him 'twas all the same, Sport and war.

All hands and eyes on watch As they keep; By their motion light as wings, By each step that haughty springs, You might know them for the kings Of the deep.

'Twas the Edgar first that smote Denmark's line As her flag the foremost soared, Murray stamped his foot on board, And an hundred cannons roared At the sign.

Three cheers of all the fleet Sung Huzza! Then from centre, rear, and van, Every captain, every man, With a lion's heart began To the fray.

Oh, dark grew soon the heavens— For each gun, From its adamantine lips, Spread a death-shade round the ships, Like a hurricane eclipse Of the sun.

Three hours the raging fire Did not slack; But the fourth, their signals drear Of distress and wreck appear, And the Dane a feeble cheer Sent us back.

The voice decayed; their shots Slowly boom. They ceased—and all is wail, As they strike the shattered sail, Or in conflagration pale Light the gloom.

Oh, death—it was a sight Filled our eyes! But we rescued many a crew From the waves of scarlet hue, Ere the cross of England flew O'er her prize.

Why ceased not here the strife, Oh, ye brave? Why bleeds old England's band By the fire of Danish land, That smites the very hand Stretched to save?

But the Britons sent to warn Denmark's town: Proud foes, let vengeance sleep! If another chain-shot sweep— All your navy in the deep Shall go down.

Then, peace instead of death Let us bring! If you'll yield your conquered fleet, With the crews, at England's feet, And make submission meet To our King.

The Dane returned, a truce Glad to bring: He would yield his conquered fleet, With the crews, at England's feet, And make submission meet To our King.

Then death withdrew his pall From the day; And the sun looked smiling bright On a wide and woeful sight Where the fires of funeral light Died away.

Yet, all amidst her wrecks And her gore, Proud Denmark blest our chief That he gave her wounds relief, And the sounds of joy and grief Filled her shore.

All round, outlandish cries Loudly broke; But a nobler note was rung When the British, old and young, To their bands of music sung "Hearts of Oak."

Cheer! cheer! from park and tower, London town! When the King shall ride in state From St. James's royal gate, And to all his peers relate Our renown.

The bells shall ring! the day Shall not close, But a glaze of cities bright Shall illuminate the night, And the wine-cup shine in light As it flows.

Yes—yet amid the joy And uproar, Let us think of them that sleep Full many a fathom deep All beside thy rocky steep, Elsinore!

Brave hearts, to Britain's weal Once so true! Though death has quenched your flame, Yet immortal be your name! For ye died the death of fame With Riou.

Soft sigh the winds of Heaven O'er your grave! While the billow mournful rolls And the mermaid's song condoles, Singing—glory to the souls Of the brave.

IX

THE DEATH OF NELSON

O'er Nelson's tomb, with silent grief oppressed, Britannia mourns her hero now at rest; But those bright laurels will not fade with years, Whose leaves are watered by a nation's tears.

'Twas in Trafalgar's bay We saw the Frenchmen lay, Each heart was bounding then, We scorn'd the foreign yoke, For our ships were British oak, And hearts of oak our men! Our Nelson mark'd them on the wave, Three cheers our gallant seamen gave, Nor thought of home and beauty. Along the line this signal ran, England expects that ev'ry man This day will do his duty.

And now the cannons roar Along th' affrighted shore, Our Nelson led the way, His ship the Victory nam'd! Long be that Victory fam'd, For vict'ry crown'd the day! But dearly was that conquest bought, Too well the gallant hero fought,

For England, home, and beauty. He cried as 'midst the fire he ran, "England shall find that ev'ry man, This day will do his duty!"

At last the fatal wound, Which spread dismay around, The hero's breast received; "Heaven fights upon our side! The day's our own!" he cried; "Now long enough I've lived! In honour's cause my life was passed, In honour's cause I fall at last, For England, home, and beauty." Thus ending life as he began, England confessed that every man That day had done his duty.



APPENDIX

SOME INCIDENTS OF NELSON'S LIFE

(Chronologically arranged)

1758. On 29th September he was born.

1767. On 26th December his mother died.

1771. On 1st January a Midshipman aboard the Raisonable.

1771. On 22nd May sent a voyage in merchant ship to West Indies, possibly as cabin-boy.

1772. On 19th July was Midshipman on Triumph.

1773. On 7th May was Midshipman on Carcass.

1773. On 15th October was Midshipman on Triumph.

1773. On 27th October was Midshipman on Seahorse.

1774. On 5th April becomes Able Seaman on Seahorse.

1775. On 31st October is again Midshipman on Seahorse.

1776. On 15th March becomes Midshipman on Dolphin.

1776. On 24th September is paid off from Dolphin.

1776. On 26th September becomes Acting-Lieutenant on Worcester.

1777. On 9th April passed examination.

1777. On 10th April is Lieutenant of Lowestoft.

1778. On 2nd July changes to Lieutenant of Bristol.

1778. On 8th December is appointed Commander of Badger.

1779. On 10th June is made Captain of Hinchinbroke.

1780. In January joins expedition to San Juan and Grenada, Nicaragua.

1780. On 2nd May he is made Captain of the Janus.

1780. On 1st September is invalided from Janus.

1780. On 4th September sailed in the Lion for home

1780. On 24th November arrived at Spithead and went to Bath.

1781. On 23rd August he became Captain of Albemarle.

1782. On 17th April sailed in Albemarle to North America.

1783. On 3rd July paid off from Albemarle.

1783. On 23rd October visited France.

1784. On 17th January back in England.

1784. On 18th March Captain of Boreas.

1784. On 15th May at Leeward Islands in Boreas.

1787. On 12th March married Widow Nesbit.

1787. On 4th July arrived Spithead in Boreas.

1787. On 30th November paid off, put on half pay, and resided mainly at Burnham Thorpe while on shore.

1793. On 26th January joined Agamemnon as Captain.

1793. On 6th June sailed for the Mediterranean.

1793. On 13th July blockaded Toulon.

1793. On 24th August Toulon is occupied and Agamemnon is ordered to Naples. A very full year's work.

1794. On 4th April, Siege of Bastia begun.

1794. On 22nd May, Bastia surrendered:

1794. On 19th June, Siege of Calvi.

1794. On 10th July wounded in the right eye.

1794. On 10th August, Calvi surrendered.

1795. On 13th March Hotham's first action.

1795. On 13th July Hotham's second action.

1795. On 15th July sent with a squadron to co-operate with the Austrians on the coast of Genoa.

1795. On 29th November Sir John Jervis took command of fleet.

1796. On 4th April he is ordered to hoist a distinguishing pennant.

1796. On 4th June shifted his broad pennant to the Captain.

1796. On 11th August appointed Commodore of the first class.

1796. On 10th December joined the Minerva.

1796. On 20th December captured the Spanish frigate La Sabina.

1797. On 13th February rejoined the Captain.

1797. On 14th December joined the Irresistible at the BATTLE OF ST. VINCENT.

1797. On 20th December is Rear-Admiral of the Blue.

1797. On 17th March was created Knight of the Bath.

1797. On 24th March joined the Captain again.

1797. On 1st April news of his promotion.

1797. On 24th May hoisted his flag on Theseus.

1797. On 24th July his right arm badly wounded while leading attack on Santa Cruz, which was repulsed. Arm amputated.

1797. On 20th August joins Seahorse, bound for England.

1797. On 1st September arrived at Spithead, lowers his flag, and proceeds to Bath to recoup his health.

1797. On 27th September has the Order of the Bath conferred on him.

1798. On 29th March joined the Vanguard.

1798. On 30th April arrived off Cadiz.

1798. On 7th June Troubridge reinforces Nelson's squadron of observation by adding ten sail of the line.

1798. On 17th June is off Naples in search of the French fleet.

1798. On 18th June, arrives off Alexandria.

1798. August 1st and 2nd, BATTLE OF THE NILE.

1798. On 22nd September arrives at Naples and is received with great rejoicing. On the 29th Sir William and Lady Hamilton give a grand fete in honour of him. The great battle establishes his fame as the greatest Admiral in the world.

1798. On 6th November he is created Baron Nelson of the Nile and Burnham Thorpe.

1798. On 23rd December he sailed for Palermo with the King of Naples and his family aboard.

1798. On 26th December arrives at Palermo and is much gratified by his reception as a popular hero.

1799. On 5th April he changed his flag from blue to red.

1799. On 8th June joins the Foudroyant.

1799. On 24th June arrives off Naples and cancels the agreement of capitulation of the forts.

1799. On 29th June has the aged Admiral Prince Carraciolo hung at the Minerva's fore yardarm at the instigation of Lady Hamilton and the royal profligates of Naples. This act remains a blot on his name.

1799. July 13th to 19th disobeyed Admiral Keith's orders to proceed to Minorca.

1799. On 29th July becomes Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean.

1799. On 8th August returns again to Palermo.

1799. On 13th August he is created Duke of Bronte.

1799. On 5th October sails for Port Mahon, Minorca.

1799. On 22nd October again returns to Palermo.

1800. On 6th January is officially notified that Lord Keith is reappointed to command in Mediterranean, which gives him offence.

1800. On 18th February he captures Le Genereux.

1800. On 30th March also captures Le Guillaume Tell.

1800. On 13th July hauls his flag down at Leghorn and proceeds home, visiting Trieste, Vienna, Dresden, and Hamburg. Is received everywhere as a monarch.

1800. On 6th November he arrives at Yarmouth.

1801. On 1st January becomes Vice-Admiral of the Blue.

1801. On 13th January he is separated from his wife.

1801. On 17th January hoists his flag on the San Josef.

1801. On 29th January Lady Hamilton gives birth to his daughter Horatia.

1801. On 12th February joins the St. George.

1801. On 12th March sails from Yarmouth Roads for the Sound.

1801. On 29th March joins the Elephant.

1801. On 2nd April the BATTLE OF COPENHAGEN. He again rejoins the St. George.

1801. On 5th May appointed Commander-in-Chief in the Baltic.

1801. On 22nd May is created Viscount Nelson of the Nile and Burnham Thorpe.

1801. On 19th June resigns command and sails in the brig Kite for Yarmouth, where he arrives on July 1st.

1801. On 2nd July is appointed Commander-in-Chief of the squadron defending the South-East Coast.

1801. On 16th August attacked Boulogne flotilla unsuccessfully.

1802. On 10th April hauled his flag down and took up his residence at Merton.

1802. On 26th April his father died.

1803. On 6th April his friend, Sir William Hamilton, died in Emma's arms.

1803. 16th May, Commander-in-Chief again in the Mediterranean.

1803. On 20th May sailed from Spithead in Victory.

1803. On 21st May his flag shifted to the Amphion.

1803. On 8th July arrives off Toulon.

1803. On 30th July rejoins the Victory and keeps up a steady blockade of Toulon until April 1805, and is troubled in body and soul.

1804. On 23rd April Vice-Admiral of WHITE SQUADRON.

1804. On 18th August death of his aversion, the immortal Admiral La Touche-Treville.

1805. On 17th January the French fleet sailed from Toulon, and falling in with stormy weather, their ships were disabled and put back for repairs.

1805. On 8th February Nelson arrives off Alexandria in search of French.

1805. On 9th March is off Toulon again, and

1805. On 1st April is in Pula Roads.

1805. On 4th April gets news that the Frenchmen have sailed again from Toulon, on the 30th April.

1805. On 4th May came to anchor at Tetuan.

1805. On 9th May came to anchor in Lagos Bay.

1805. On 11th May sailed for the West Indies.

1805. On 4th June arrived at Barbadoes.

1805. On 7th June arrived at Trinidad.

1805. On 12th June arrived off Antigua.

1805. On 13th June sails for Europe in search of the elusive French fleet.

1805. On 18th July joins Collingwood off Cadiz.

1805. On 15th August joins Cornwallis off Brest.

1805. On 18th August arrived at Spithead; joins Lady Hamilton and his little girl Horatia at Merton.

1805. On 13th September having heard from Captain Blackwood, who visited him at Merton, that the French fleet were at Cadiz, he prepares to leave Merton.

1805. On 15th September joins the Victory and sails from Spithead.

1805. On 25th September joins British fleet off Cadiz.

1805. On 21st October, BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR and death of Nelson.

1806. On 9th January buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.



INDEX

Aboukir Bay, battle of (see Nile, battle of the) Addington, Charles, 104 Alexander of Russia, 310, 321, 322 Arethusa, The (poem), 352 Armada, Spanish, 39 et seq., 43, 59 Asquith, H.H., 297, 303 Astley, Sir Jacob, 131, 134

Balfour, A.J., 303 Ball, Captain, 153, 154, 158, 160 Barham, Lord, 215 Bathurst, Lord, 295 Beatty, Admiral, 64 Bendero, Don Pedro, 47 Beresford, Lord Charles, 52 Bernsdorf, Count, 320 Berry, Captain. 66 Bertheur, General, 308 Blackett, Mr., 262 Blackwood, Captain, 210, 232, 235, 236, 237 Blake, Admiral, 134 Bonaparte, Caroline, 292 Bonaparte, Elisa, 292 Bonaparte, Jerome, 292 Bonaparte, Joseph, 144, 169, 292 Bonaparte, Louis, 292 Bonaparte, Napoleon (see Napoleon) Bonaparte, Pauline, 293 Boulogne, battle of (sea song), 343 Brereton, General, 198, 199, 203, 207 Burleigh, Cecil, Lord (see Cecil) Byng, Admiral Sir John, 161, 267

Cadiz, Drake's attacks on, 32, 39, 58 Cadogan, Mrs., 210 Calais, Armada at, 41 Calder, Sir Robert, 206, 208, 222 et seq., 267, 268 Calvi, siege of, 64 Campbell, Sir John, 108 Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, 301 Canning, 180 Capua, siege of, 139 Carlile, Christopher, 48, 51, 54 Carlscrona, Hyde Parker's departure to, 95 Carlyle, Thomas, 69, 78 Caroline (see Naples, Queen of) Carraciolli, Prince, 118 et seq., 161, 279 Carribean Sea, Drake visits, 54 Carthagena, Drake's attacks on, 32, 54 Castlereagh, Lord, 180, 211, 295, 301, 303, 321 Caulaincourt, 310 Cecil, Lord, of Burleigh, 27, 32, 44, 58 Champernowne, Sir Arthur, 32 Championnet, General, 147 Cobham, Thomas, 32 Collingwood, Admiral Lord, 31, 63, 64, 83, 84, 134, 193, 200, 203, 204, 210, 229, 235, 237, 238, 243, 245 et seq., 257 et seq. Columbus, Christopher, 51, 53 Columbus, Diego, 51 Copenhagen, battle of, 89, 91 Copenhagen, battle of (sea-song), 340 Copenhagen (poem), 354 Corday, Charlotte, 141 Corunna, Drake's attack on, 39 Croker, J.W., 115 Cromwell, Oliver, 130, 133, 134, 237

Danton, 141 Davis, Sir John, 17 Death of Nelson (poem), 360 Denmark, Prince Regent of, 320, 321 Disraeli, 302 Domingo, San (see San Domingo) Dominica, Drake's arrival at, 50 Doughty, Thomas, 24, 38 Drake, Sir Francis— as prototype, 17 and Panama, 18, 56 and Elizabeth, 20, 21, 22, 23, 43 and War Fund, 20 Portuguese Expedition, 20 death at Puerto Bello, 21, 60 on Pelican, 22, 43 and Doughty, 24, 38 and discipline, 24, 38 at Cadiz, 32, 39, 58 at Carthagena, 32, 54 at Corunna, 39 West Indian Expedition, 44 at Vigo, 47, 48 and Spanish Gold Fleet, 49 at Santiago, 49, 50 at Dominica, 50 at San Domingo, 51, 53 at Bahamas, 57 rescues Roanoke settlers, 57, 58 connection with East India Company, 59 Newbolt's poem on, 60 and Fleet Tradition, 63 a religious man, 134 Nelson compared with, 180 "Drake's Drum" (poem), quotation from, 60 Dresden, Electress of, 83 Dropmore manuscript, 179 Dumanoir, 244, 245, 255

East India Company, 59 Edward VII of England, 82 Electress of Dresden, 83 Elizabeth of England, 20, 21, 22, 23, 32, 34, 35, 43, 44 Elliot, Sir George, 122, 123 Emma, Lady Hamilton, 65, 73 et seq., 95, 97, 98 et seq., 118, 119, 120 et seq., 143, 149, 159, 160, 161, 215, 216, 226, 243 d'Enghien, Duc, 268, 276 et seq. Erskine, Sir James, 147

Featherstonehaugh, Sir Henry, 73 Fisher, Admiral Lord, 64, 95, 178, 180 Fitzwilliam, George, 26 Foote, Captain, 280, 281, 282 Fortescue's Dropmore MS., 179 Fox, Charles James, 282, 290, 301, 317, 318, 326, 327, 330 Francis Joseph of Austria, 312 Franklin, Benjamin, 329 Fremantle, Admiral, 208 Frobisher, Martin, 17, 40, 63, 134

George III of England, 81, 93, 296, 303, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331 George, Prince Regent (afterwards George IV), 87, 88, 96 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 17 "Give it to him, Charley!" (sea-song), 349 Gladstone, W.E., 301, 302 Goethe (on beauty of Lady Hamilton), 76 Graham, James, 73 Graves, Rear-Admiral, 92 Gravina, Admiral, 244 Greville, Charles, 73, 74, 80, 122 Grey, Earl, 301 Grey, Sir Edward, 297 "Gulliver's Travels," 318

Hallowell, Captain, 146, 218 Hamilton, Sir William, 65, 74, 76, 88, 100 et seq., 122 Hamilton, Lady (see Emma, Lady Hamilton) Hardy, Captain (of the Victory), 92, 119, 225, 232, 235, 240, 242, 243, 251 Hart, Emily (afterwards Lady Hamilton), 73 Hawkins, Sir John, 17, 20, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 40, 63, 134 Heine, Heinrich, anecdote of, 311 Hood, Admiral, 72 Horatia (Nelson's daughter), 84, 87, 110 et seq., 219, 227, 243 Hotham, Admiral, 118 Howard, Admiral Lord, 17, 40

Inquisition, Spanish, 17, 22, 23, 34, 37

Jackson, Mr. (British representative to Denmark), 320, 324 Jellicoe, Admiral, 64 Jervis, Admiral (see St. Vincent, Admiral Lord) Joseph of Austria (see Francis Joseph of Austria) Joseph Bonaparte (see Bonaparte, Joseph)

Keats, Captain, 210 Keith, Lord, 139, 158, 160, 162 Kitchener, Lord, 178

Leslie, General, 130, 134 Louis XVIII of France, 294 Louis Philippe of France, 314 Louis, Captain, 146, 147 Lowe, Sir Hudson, 295 Lyon, Amy (afterwards Emma, Lady Hamilton), 73

Mack, General, 147 Malmesbury, Lady, 122 Malmesbury, Lord, 325 Marat, 141 Marengo, battle of, 162 Maria Carolina (see Naples, Queen of) Marie Louise of Austria, 107, 170 Marlborough, Duke of, 104, 105 Marmont, General, 308 Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, 26 Mary Tudor, Queen of England, 35 Medina-Sidonia, Duke of, 19, 40, 41 Melbourne, Lord, 107 Meneval, Baron de, 171 Milas, General, 162 Minto, Lord, 103, 104, 155, 159, 209, 210, 217 Moreau, 276 Mulgrave, Lord, 328 Mueller (Swiss historian), 287 Murat, 145, 169

Naples, Ferdinand, King of, 120, 128, 129, 140, 144, 145, 146, 147, 163 et seq. Naples, Maria Carolina, Queen of, 77, 79, 118, 129, 148, 162, 163 et seq., 260 Napoleon Bonaparte— and Prussianism, 69, 298 aphorisms, 71, 131, 134, 205, 291, 314 comparison with Nelson, 94 and Marie Louise, 107, 170 his opinion of Nelson, 118 his opinion of Wellington, 117 Cromwell compared with, 133 and the French fleet, 191 and Villeneuve, 199, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268 and Madame Walewska, 217 comparison of his love letters with Nelson's, 218 his "Farewell to France" (poem), 274 as a statesman, 132, 133, 275 and plots against his life, 276 and Pitt, 287 et seq., 304 Mueller's opinion of, 287 Wieland's opinion of, 288 and his family, 292 his return from Elba, 294 his letter to George III, 296 his son's death, 308 and Alexander of Russia, 310 and Treaty of Tilsit, 310 compared with William II of Germany, 313 contemporaneous testimony, 315 et seq. Neipperg, Count, 170 Nelson, Rev. Edmund, 64 Nelson, Horatia (see Horatia) Nelson, Horatio, Admiral Lord— and contemporary admiration, 31 and Fleet Tradition, 63 joins Raisonable, 64 joins Triumph, 64 joins Agamemnon, 64 loses right eye at siege of Calvi, 64 loses right arm at Santa Cruz, 65 created K.C.B., 65 at the court of Naples, 65, 76 et seq., 141 et seq., 163 et seq. at the Nile, 66 created Baron, 72 and gambling scandal, 80, 150 returns home after Nile, 81 and Lady Hamilton, 65, 73, 76 et seq., 95, 97, 98 et seq., 159, 210 et seq., 215, 216, 228, 231 at battle of Copenhagen, 91, compared with Napoleon, 94, 218 joins St. George, 95 returns home in Kite, 98 at Merton, 100, 210 et seq. letter to his niece, 111 incident of gipsy's prediction, 114 and Carraciolli, 118 et seq., 279 hatred of the French, 135, 173 at Toulon, 136 at Palermo, 149 and starvation of Neapolitans, 151 and "cracking on," 155 as "Duke of Thunder," 167, 172 homecoming via Magdeburg and Hamburg, 176 and Ministers of State, 139, 174, 180 et seq., 210 et seq. and privateering, 181 sails to West Indies, 197 returns to England, 207 gift of coffin to, 218 joins Victory, 220 and Calder, 221 et seq. at Trafalgar, 225 el seq. last letters, 226, 228, 231 last prayer before battle, 231 death in action, 240, 242 et seq. the nation's sorrow, 256 et seq. Collingwood, compared with, 261 chronological data, 363 Nelson and Collingwood (sea-song), 347 Nelson, Lady, 78, 84, 85, 86, 88 Newbolt, Sir H., 60 Nile, Battle of the, 66 et seq. Nile, Battle of the (sea-song), 337 North, Lord, 329 Norton, Hon. Mrs., 108

O'Meara, Dr., 265, 295 Oquendo, 42 Orange, William the Silent, Prince of, 34 Orde, Sir John, 184, 185, 195, 196, 203

Pahlen, Count, 97 Parker, Sir Hyde, 89, 90, 91, 92, 184 Parma, Duke of, 42 Pasco, Yeoman of Signals, 235 Paul of Russia, 97 Philip of Spain, 17, 18, 26, 28, 32, 34, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42 Pichegru, 276 Pitt, William, 134, 213, 287, 289, 290, 296, 298, 299, 301, 303, 344, 318, 326, 327 Poems, 60, 274, 337 Pole, Sir Charles, 98

Radstock, Lord, 213, 214, 259 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 57 Recaldo, 42 Riou, Captain, 91 Roanoke, settlers of, rescue by Drake, 57, 58 Robespierre, 141 Rome, King of, 308 Romney, George, 73 Rosebery, Lord, 301 Rotherham, Captain, 237, 238 Ruffo, Cardinal, 286

Salisbury, Lord, 302 San Domingo, Drake's attack on, 32, 51, 53 San Philip, 58 Santa Cruz, action at, 65 Santa Cruz, Admiral, 18, 37, 39, 41 Santiago, Drake's attack on, 49, 50 Sardanapalus, 141 Scott, Dr., 243 Sea Songs, 333 Seymour, Admiral Lord, 40 Sidmouth, Lord, 221 Smith, Sir Sydney, 174 Southey, Robert, 128, 174 Strachan, Sir Richard, 245, 255 St. George, Mrs., 123 St. Vincent, battle of Cape, 65 St. Vincent, Earl, 63, 64, 65, 78, 92, 98, 174, 184, 185, 234 Suckling, Captain Maurice, 64

Thiers, M., 191, 305 Thurn, Count, 119 Tierny, 301 Touche-Treville, Admiral la, 136, 137 Trafalgar, battle of, 43, 225 et seq. Trafalgar, Battle of (sea-song), 345 Troubridge, Admiral, 80, 98, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 151, 158, 159, 233, 234

Ulloa, San Juan d', catastrophe of, 26

Valdes, Don Pedro de, 19 Verde, Cape de, pursuit of Spanish to, 48 Vigo, Drake's attack on, 47, 48 Villeneuve, Admiral, 116, 189, 190, 199, 200, 206, 210, 225, 229, 244, 259, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268

Walewska, Madame, 217 Washington, George, 329 Wellington, Duke of, 39, 114, 295 Wieland (German historian), 287, 288 William II of Germany, 52, 311, 313



WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR

WINDJAMMERS AND SEA TRAMPS

SEA YARNS (FORMERLY ENTITLED "THE SHELLBACK'S PROGRESS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY")

LOOKING SEAWARD AGAIN

THE TRAGEDY OF ST. HELENA

CHARACTER SKETCHES

THE END