[Footnote 62: Essai sur l'Origine des Connaissances humaines, I. Sec. 6.]

[Footnote 63: Let. sur les Aveugles, 323, 324. Condorcet attaches a higher value to Cheselden's operation. Oeuv., ii. 121.]

[Footnote 64: Dr. M'Cosh (Exam. of J. S. Mill's Philosophy, p. 163) quotes what seems to be the best reported case, by a Dr. Franz, of Leipsic; and Prof. Fraser, in the appendix to Berkeley (loc. cit.), quotes another good case by Mr. Nunnely. See also Mill's Exam. of Hamilton, p. 288 (3d ed.)]

[Footnote 65: Confessions, II, vii.]

[Footnote 66: Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions in Men and Animals, c. xiii. p. 312, and also pp. 335-337. This fact, so far as it goes, seems to make against the theory of transmitted sentiments.]

[Footnote 67: Locke answered that the man would not distinguish the cube from the sphere, until he had identified by actual touch the source of his former tactual impression with the object making a given visual impression. Condillac, while making just objections to the terms in which Molyneux propounded the question, answered it different from Locke. Diderot expresses his own opinion thus: "I think that when the eyes of the born-blind are opened for the first time to the light, he will perceive nothing at all; that some time will be necessary for his eye to make experiments for itself; but that it will make these experiments itself, and in its own way, and without the help of touch." This is in harmony with the modern doctrine, that there is an inherited aptitude of structure (in the eye, for instance), but that experience is an essential condition to the development and perfecting of this aptitude.]

[Footnote 68: A very intelligent English translation of the Letter on the Blind was published in 1773. For some reason or other, Diderot is described on the title-page as Physician to His most Christian Majesty.]

[Footnote 69: Oeuv., i. 308.]

[Footnote 70: Pp. 309, 310.]

[Footnote 71: P. 311.]

[Footnote 72: Corr., June 1749.]

[Footnote 73: See Critical Miscellanies: First Series.]

[Footnote 74: Diderot to Voltaire, 1749. Oeuv., xix. 421.]

[Footnote 75: Diderot to Voltaire, 1749. Oeuv., xix. 421.]

[Footnote 76: P. 294.]

[Footnote 77: Lewes's Hist. Philos., ii. 342.]

[Footnote 78: Rosenkranz, i. 102.]

[Footnote 79: Tylor's Researches into the early history of mankind, chaps. ii. and iii.; Lubbock's Origin of Civilization, chap. ix.]

[Footnote 80: Madame Dupre de Saint Maur, who had found favour in the eyes of the Count d'Argenson. D'Argenson, younger brother of the Marquis, who had been dismissed in 1747, was in power from 1743 to 1757. Notwithstanding his alleged share in Diderot's imprisonment, he was a tolerably steady protector of the philosophical party.]

[Footnote 81: Barbier, iv. 337.]

[Footnote 82: There is a picture of Berryer, under the name of Orgon in that very curious book, L'Ecole de l'Homme, ii. 73.]

[Footnote 83: Pieces given in Diderot's Works, xx. 121-123.]

[Footnote 84: Naigeon, p. 131.]

[Footnote 85: Voltaire's Corr. July and Aug. 1749.]

[Footnote 86: Conf., II. viii.]

[Footnote 87: Michelet's Louis XV., p. 258.]

[Footnote 88: See the present author's Rousseau, vol. i. p. 134 (Globe 8vo ed.)]

[Footnote 89: For the two petitions of the booksellers to D'Argenson praying for Diderot's liberty, see M. Assezat's preliminary notice. Oeuv., xiii. 112, etc.]

[Footnote 90: Jourdain's Recherches sur les traductions latines d'Aristote, p. 325.]

[Footnote 91: Lit. of Europe, pt. i. ch. ii. Sec. 39.]

[Footnote 92: Whewell's Hist. Induc. Sci.. xii. c. 7.]

[Footnote 93: Fr. Roger Bacon; J.S. Brewer's Pref. pp 57, 63.]

[Footnote 94: Leibnitii, Opera v. 184.]

[Footnote 95: Oeuv. de D'Alembert, i. 63.]

[Footnote 96: Mem. pour J.P.F. Luneau de Boisjermain, 4to, Paris, 1771. See also Diderot's Prospectus, "La traduction entiere de Chambers nous a passe sous les yeux," etc.]

[Footnote 97: Biog. Universelle, s.v.]

[Footnote 98: Michelet, Louis XV., 258. D'Aguesseau (1668-1751) has left one piece which ought to be extricated from the thirteen quartos of his works—his memoir of his father (Oeuv., xiii.) This is one of those records of solid and elevated character, which do more to refresh and invigorate the reader than a whole library of religious or ethical exhortations can do. It has the loftiness, the refined austerity, the touching impressiveness of Tacitus's Agricola or Condorcet's Turgot, together with a certain grave sweetness that was almost peculiar to the Jansenist school of the seventeenth century.]

[Footnote 99: A short estimate of D'Alembert's principal scientific pieces, by M. Bertram, is to be found in the Revue des Deux Mondes, for October 1865.]

[Footnote 100: Oeuv. de D'Alembert, iv. 367.]

[Footnote 101: Oeuv. de J. Ph. Roland, i. 230 (ed. 1800).]

[Footnote 102: Essai sur la Societe des Gens de Lettres et des Grands, etc. Oeuv., iv. 372. "Write," he says, "as if you loved glory; in conduct, act as if it were indifferent to you." Compare, with reference to the passage in the text, Duclos's remark (Consid. sur les Moeurs, ch. xi.): "The man in power commands, but the intelligent govern, because in time they form public opinion, and that sooner or later subjugates every kind of despotism." Only partially true.]

[Footnote 103: Pensees Philos., Sec. 26.]

[Footnote 104: Phil. Pos., v. 520. Polit. Pos., iii. 584.]

[Footnote 105: See Pref. to vol. iii.]

[Footnote 106: For instance, see Pref. to vol. vi.]

[Footnote 107: Siecle de Louis XV., ch. xliii.]

[Footnote 108: Grimm, Corr. Lit., i. 273. Diderot, Oeuv., iv. 15.]

[Footnote 109: Avertissement to vol. vi.; also to vol. vii. Turgot's articles were Etymiologie, Existence, Expansibilite, Foires, Fondations. The text of these is wrongly inserted among Diderot's contributions to the Encyclopaedia, in the new edition of his Works, xv. 12.]

[Footnote 110: Condorcet's Vie de Turgot.]

[Footnote 111: Pref. to vol. iii. (1752), and to vol. vi. (1756).]

[Footnote 112: Pref. to vol. ii.]

[Footnote 113: Grimm, Corr. Lit., i. 130. Forbonnais's chief work is his Becherches et Considerations sur les finances de la France.]

[Footnote 114: Avert. to vol. ii.]

[Footnote 115: Nov. 10, 1760, xix. 24. Also, Oct. 7, 1761, xix. 35.]

[Footnote 116: See also Preface to vol. iii.]

[Footnote 117: Avert. to vol. vi., and s. v. Fontange. Grimm, i. 451.]

[Footnote 118: Corresp. avec D'Alembert (Oeuv., lxxv.), Sept. 1755, Feb. 1757, etc.]

[Footnote 119: Dec. 22, 1757.]

[Footnote 120: May 24, 1757.]

[Footnote 121: Dec. 13, 1756; April 1756.]

[Footnote 122: July 21, 1757.]

[Footnote 123: Article Encyclopedie.]

[Footnote 124: To Voltaire, Feb. 15, 1757.]

[Footnote 125: Hettner's Literaturgesch, des 18ten Jahrhunderts, ii. 277.]

[Footnote 126: Art. Encyclopedie.]

[Footnote 127: Prospectus.]

[Footnote 128: Barbier, v. 151, 153.]

[Footnote 129: Diderot to Voland, Oeuv., xviii. 361. Carlyle's Frederick, bk. xviii. ch. xi.]

[Footnote 130: Apologie de l' Abbe de Prades. Oeuv., i. 482.]

[Footnote 131: See Jobez, i. 358.]

[Footnote 132: xix. 425.]

[Footnote 133: Barbier, v. 160.]

[Footnote 134: Ib. v. 169.]

[Footnote 135: Grimm, Corr. Lit., i. 81. Barbier, v. 170.]

[Footnote 136: Avert., to vol. iii. Oeuv. de D'Alembert, iv. 410.]

[Footnote 137: Barbier, v. 170. Grimm, Corr. Lit., i. 201; Ib. ii. 197.]

[Footnote 138: Hardy, quoted by Aubertin, 407, 408.]

[Footnote 139: Corr. Lit., ii. 271.]

[Footnote 140: To D'Alembert, Dec. 29, 1757; Jan. 1758.]

[Footnote 141: For a short account of Helvetius's book, see a later chapter.]

[Footnote 142: Corr. Lit., ii. 292, 293.]

[Footnote 143: Barbier, vii. 125-142.]

[Footnote 144: Lacretelle's France pendant le 18ieme Siecle, iii. 89.]

[Footnote 145: Jobez, ii. 464, 538.]

[Footnote 146: See Rousseau, vol. i. chaps, vii. and ix. (Globe 8vo ed.)]

[Footnote 147: Louis XV. et Louis XVI., p. 50.]

[Footnote 148: Jan. 11, 1758. Jan. 20, 1758. Diderot to Mdlle. Voland, Oct. 11, 1759. See the following chapter.]

[Footnote 149: Voltaire to D'Alembert, Jan. to May 1758. Voltaire to Diderot, Jan. 1758.]

[Footnote 150: Diderot to Voltaire, Feb. 19, 1758, xix. 452.]

[Footnote 151: To Voland, Oeuv., xix. 146.]

[Footnote 152: Corr. Lit., vii. 146.]

[Footnote 153: Corr. Lit., vii. 146.]

[Footnote 154: Oeuv. de Voltaire. Published sometimes among Faceties, sometimes among Melanges.]

[Footnote 155: See Oeuv. Choisies de Jean Reynaud, reprinted in 1866. The article on Encyclopedie (vol. i.) is an interesting attempt to vindicate Cartesian principles of classification.]

[Footnote 156: See fly-leaf of vol. xxviii.]

[Footnote 157: Mem., ii. 115. Grimm, vii. 145.]

[Footnote 158: De Maistre says that the reputation of Bacon does not really go farther back than the Encyclopaedia, and that no true discoverer either knew him or leaned on him for support. (Examen de la Phil. de Bacon, ii. 110.) Diderot says: "I think I have taught my fellow-citizens to esteem and read Bacon; people have turned over the pages of this profound author more since the last five or six years than has ever been the case before" (xiv. 494). In Professor Fowler's careful and elaborate edition of the Novum Organum (Introduct., p. 104), he disputes the statement of Montuola and others, that the celebrity of Bacon dates from the Encyclopaedia. All turns upon what we mean by celebrity. What the Encyclopaedists certainly did was to raise Bacon, for a time, to the popular throne from which Voltaire's Newtonianism had pushed Descartes. Mr. Fowler traces a chain of Baconian tradition, no doubt, but he perhaps surrenders nearly as much as is claimed when he admits that "the patronage of Voltaire and the Encyclopaedists did much to extend the study of Bacon's writings, besides producing a considerable controversy as to his true meaning on many questions of philosophy and theology."]

[Footnote 159: See above, p. 62, note.]

[Footnote 160: D'Alembert was not afraid to contend against the great captain of the age, that the military spirit of Lewis XIV. had been a great curse to Europe. He showed a true appreciation of Frederick's character and conception of his duties as a ruler, in believing that the King of Prussia would rather have had a hundred thousand labourers more, and as many soldiers fewer, if his situation had allowed it. Corresp. avec le roi de Prusse, Oeuv., v. 305.]

[Footnote 161: See Essay on Turgot in my Critical Miscellanies, Second Series.]

[Footnote 162: Such, as that their feudal rights should be confirmed; that none but nobles should carry arms, or be eligible for the army; that lettres-de-cachet should continue; that the press should not be free; that the wine trade should not be free internally or for export; that breaking up wastes and enclosing commons should be prohibited; that the old arrangement of the militia should remain.—Arthur Young's France, ch. xxi. p. 607.]

[Footnote 163: Ib. ch. xxi.]

[Footnote 164: Critical Miscellanies, Second Series, p. 202.]

[Footnote 165: Travels in France, p. 600.]

[Footnote 166: Travels in France, i. 63.]

[Footnote 167: Rosenkranz, i. 219.]

[Footnote 168: Avert. to vol. iii]

[Footnote 169: Diderot, Oeuv., iv. 24.]

[Footnote 170: Diderot's Leben, i. 157.]

[Footnote 171: Oeuv., xx. 132.]

[Footnote 172: The writer was one Romilly, who had been elected a minister of one of the French Protestant churches in London. See Memoirs of Sir Samuel Romilly, vol. i.]

[Footnote 173: I have no space to quote an interesting page in this article on the characteristics and the varying destinies of genius. "We must rank in this class Pindar, AEschylus, Moses, Jesus Christ, Mahomet, Shakespeare, Roger Bacon, and Paracelsus." xvii. 265-267.]

[Footnote 174: The same idea is found still more ardently expressed in one of his letters to Mdlle. de Voland (Oct. 15, 1759, xviii. 408), where he defends the eagerness of those who have loved one another during life, to be placed side by side after death.]

[Footnote 175: xiv. 32.]

[Footnote 176: S.v. Sarrasins, xvii. 82. See also xviii. 429, for Diderot's admiration of Sadi.]

[Footnote 177: S.v. Pyrrhonienne.]

[Footnote 178: E.g. in the article on Plaisir, xvi. p. 298.]

[Footnote 179: To Damilaville, 1766, xix. 477.]

[Footnote 180: xx. 34.]

[Footnote 181: xvi. 280.]

[Footnote 182: See also article Independance.]

[Footnote 183: iv. 93.]

[Footnote 184: The reader will find abundant information and criticism upon the Wolffian Philosophy in Professor Edward Caird's Critical Account of the Philosophy of Kant, recently published at Glasgow.]

[Footnote 185: xvi. 491, 492.]

[Footnote 186: There are casual criticisms on Spinosa in the articles on Identity and Liberty.]

[Footnote 187: xv. 501.]

[Footnote 188: xix. 435, 436.]

[Footnote 189: See below, vol. ii.]

[Footnote 190: S.v. Luxe, xvi. 23.]

[Footnote 191: As an illustration how much these ideas were in the air, the reader may refer to a passage in Sedaine's popular comedy, The Philosopher without knowing it (1765), Act II. sc. 4. Vanderk, among other things, says of the merchant: "Ce n'est pas un temple, ce n'est pas une seule nation qu'il sert; il les sert toutes, et en est servi: c'est l'homme de l'univers. Quelques particuliers audacieux font armer les rois, la guerre s'allume, tout s'embrase, l'Europe est divisee: mais ce negociant anglais, hollandais, russe ou chinois, n'en est pas moins l'ami de mon coeur: nous sommes sur la superficie de la terre autant de fils de soie qui lient ensemble les nations, et les ramenent a la paix par la necessite du commerce; voila, mon fils, ce que c'est qu'un honnete negociant."]

[Footnote 192: The younger sister of Diderot's Sophie.]

[Footnote 193: xviii. 454.]

[Footnote 194: See below, the chapter on Rameau's Nephew.]

[Footnote 195: Nov. 10, 1770; xix. 22.]

[Footnote 196: See, for instance, xix. 81, 91, 129, 133, 145, etc.—passages which Mr. Carlyle and Rosenkranz have either overlooked, or else, without any good reason, disbelieved.]

[Footnote 197: xviii. 293.]

[Footnote 198: xix. 46.]

[Footnote 199: xix. 84. See also 326.]

[Footnote 200: xix. 137, 341, etc.]

[Footnote 201: xviii. 535.]

[Footnote 202: xviii. 507, etc.]

[Footnote 203: xviii. 526, 531.]

[Footnote 204: Nov. 2, 1759; xviii. 431.]

[Footnote 205: xix. 82.]

[Footnote 206: xix. 139.]

[Footnote 207: xix. 107.]

[Footnote 208: xix. 181.]

[Footnote 209: xix. 81.]

[Footnote 210: xix. 149.]

[Footnote 211: xix. 90.]

[Footnote 212: xix. 163, 164.]

[Footnote 213: Sept. 20, 1765; xix. 179-187.]

[Footnote 214: xviii. 476, 478.]

[Footnote 215: xviii. 479. Comte writes more seriously somewhat in the same sense: "For thirty centuries the priestly castes of China, and still more of India, have been watching our Western transition; to them it must appear mere agitation, as puerile as it is tempestuous, with nothing to harmonise its different phases but their common inroad upon unity." Positive Polity, iv. 11 (English Translation)]

[Footnote 216: xix. 233.]

[Footnote 217: Voltaire's Satire on the Economists.]

[Footnote 218: Oct. 8, 1768; xix. 832.]

[Footnote 219: xviii. 509.]

[Footnote 220: xviii. 513.]

[Footnote 221: xviii. 511-513.]

[Footnote 222: xix. 244.]

[Footnote 223: xviii. 459.]

[Footnote 224: xix. 259.]

[Footnote 225: Lettres de Mdlle. de Lespinasse, viii. p. 20. (Ed. Asse, 1876.)]

[Footnote 226: Aug. 1, 1769; xix. 365.]

[Footnote 227: (1765-69) xix. 381-412. Also p. 318.]

[Footnote 228: June 1756; xix. 433-436.]

[Footnote 229: Aug. 1762; xix. 112.]

[Footnote 230: In Rousseau, vol. i. ch. vii. (Globe 8vo, ed.)]

[Footnote 231: Dec. 1757; xix. 446.]

[Footnote 232: xix. 449.]

[Footnote 233: Dec. 20, 1765; xix. 210.]

[Footnote 234: See Rousseau, vol. i. ch. vii. (Globe 8vo. ed.)]

[Footnote 235: Oct. 9, 1759; xviii. 397.]

[Footnote 236: Nov. 6, 1760; xix. 17.]

[Footnote 237: Sept. 17, 1761; xix. 47.]

[Footnote 238: Sept. 17, 1769; xix. 320.]

[Footnote 239: Lettres sur le Commerce de la Librairie, xviii. 47.]

[Footnote 240: See Rousseau, vol. ii. ch. i. (Globe 8vo. ed.)]

[Footnote 241: Diderot's Lettre sur le Commerce de la Librairie (1767). Oeuv., xviii.]

[Footnote 242: Those who are interested in the history of authorship may care to know the end of the matter. Copyright is no modern practice, and the perpetual right of authors, or persons to whom they had ceded it, was recognised in France through the whole of the seventeenth century and three-quarters of the eighteenth. The perpetuity of the right had produced literary properties of considerable value; for example, Boudot's Dictionary was sold by his executors for 24,000 livres; Prevot's Manual Lexicon and two Dictionaries for 115,000 livres. But in 1777—ten years after Diderot's plea—the Council decreed that copyright was a privilege and an exercise of the royal grace. The motives for this reduction of an author's right from a transferable property to a terminable privilege seem to have been, first, the general mania of the time for drawing up the threads of national life into the hands of the administration, and second, the hope of making money by a tariff of permissions. The Constituent Assembly dealt with the subject with no intelligence nor care, but the Convention passed a law recognising in the author an exclusive right for his life, and giving a property for ten years after his death to heirs or cessionaires. The whole history is elaborately set forth in the collection of documents entitled La Propriete litteraire au 18ieme siecle. (Hachette, 1859.)]

[Footnote 243: Oct. 11, 1759; xviii. 401.]

[Footnote 244: xix. 319, 320.]

[Footnote 245: Miscellaneous Works, p. 73.]

[Footnote 246: Walpole to Selwyn. 1765. Jesse's Selwyn, ii. 9. See also Walpole to Mann, iv. 283.]

[Footnote 247: D'Epinay, ii. 4, 138, 153, etc.]

[Footnote 248: See Comte's Positive Polity, vol. iii.]

[Footnote 249: "That virtue of originality that men so strain after is not newness, as they vainly think (there is nothing new), it is only genuineness."—Ruskin.]

[Footnote 250: Lessing: 1729-81. Diderot: 1713-84. As De Quincey puts it, Lessing may be said to have begun his career precisely in the middle of the last century.]

[Footnote 251: Hamburg. Dramaturgie, Sec. 85. Werke, vi. 381. (Ed. 1873.)]

[Footnote 252: Diderot's Leben, i. 274, 277.]

[Footnote 253: Corr. Lit., ii. 103.]

[Footnote 254: See Grimm's account of the performance, Corr. Lit., vii. 313.]

[Footnote 255: Act IV. sc. 3.]

[Footnote 256: Act V. sc. 3.]

[Footnote 257: De la Poesie Dramatique, ch. xxi.]

[Footnote 258: vii. 107.]

[Footnote 259: Nov. 28, 1760; xix. 457.]

[Footnote 260: Lettre sur les Sourds et les Muets, i. 359.]

[Footnote 261: Correspond. du Roi Stanislas-Auguste et de Mdme. Geoffrin, p. 466.]

[Footnote 262: Aug. 1769; xix. 314-323.]

[Footnote 263: Quoted in Mr. Sime's excellent Life of Lessing (Truebner and Co., 1877), p. 230.]

[Footnote 264: De la Poesie Dramatique, Sec. 2, vii. 313.]

[Footnote 265: Lockhart's Life of Scott, iv. 177 (ed. 1837).]

[Footnote 266: xix. 474.]

[Footnote 267: Pere de Famille, Act II. sc. 2, p. 211.]

[Footnote 268: Paradoxe sur le Comedien, p. 383.]

[Footnote 269: Journals, ii. 331. Also vi. 248; vii. 9.]

[Footnote 270: Reflexions sur Terence, v. 228-238. In another place (De la Poesie Dram., 370) he says: "Nous avons des comedies. Les Anglais n'ont que des satires, a la verite pleines de force et de gaiete, mais sans moeurs et sans gout. Les Italiens en sont reduits au drame burlesque."]

[Footnote 271: vii. 95.]

[Footnote 272: Lettre sur les Sourds et les Muets, i. 355.]

[Footnote 273: Paradoxe, viii. 384. The criticism on the detestable rendering of Hamlet by Ducis (viii. 471) makes one doubt whether Diderot knew much about Shakespeare.]

[Footnote 274: Letter to Mdlle. Jodin, xix. 387.]

[Footnote 275: Johnson one day said to John Kemble: "Are you, sir, one of those enthusiasts who believe yourself transformed into the very character you represent?" Kemble answered that he had never felt so strong a persuasion himself. Boswell, ch. 77.]

[Footnote 276: Lessing makes this a starting-point of his criticism of the art of acting, though he uses it less absolutely than Diderot would do. Hamburg. Dramaturgie, Sec. 3, vol. vi. 19.]

[Footnote 277: In Lichtenberg's Briefe aus England (1776) there is a criticism of the most admirably intelligent kind on Garrick. Lord Lytton gave an account of it to English readers in the Fortnightly Review (February 1871). The following passage confirms what Diderot says above:

"You have doubtless heard much of his extraordinary power of change of face. Here is one example of it. When he played the part of Sir John Brute, I was close to the stage, and could observe him narrowly. He entered with the corners of his mouth so turned down, as to give to his whole countenance the expression of habitual sottishness and debauchery. And this artificial form of the mouth he retained, unaltered, from the beginning to the end of the play, with the exception only that, as the play went on, the lips gaped and hung more and more in proportion to the gradually increasing drunkenness of the character represented. This made-up face was not produced by stage-paint, but solely by muscular contraction; and it must be so identified by Garrick with his idea of Sir John Brute as to be spontaneously assumed by him whenever he plays that part; otherwise, his retention of such a mask, without even once dropping it either from fatigue or surprise, even in the most boisterous action of his part, would be quite inexplicable."]

[Footnote 278: viii. 382.]

[Footnote 279: viii. 373, 376, etc.]

[Footnote 280: As Hamlet to his players: "Nor do not saw the air too much with your hand thus; but use all gently; for in the very torrent, tempest, and (as I may say) the whirlwind of passion, you must acquire and beget a temperance that may give it smoothness."]

[Footnote 281: To Jodin, xix, 382. "Point de hoquets, point de cris, de la dignite vraie, un jeu ferme, sense, raisonne, juste, male; la plus grande sobriete de gestes. C'est de la contenance, c'est du maintien, qu'il faut declamer les trois quarts du temps."—P. 390.]

[Footnote 282: P. 395.]

[Footnote 283: Bijoux Indiscrets, ch. xxxviii.]

[Footnote 284: vii. 121. Lessing makes a powerful addition to this. Hamburg. Dram. vi. 261.]

[Footnote 285: Poesie Dramatique, Sec.Sec. 20, 21.]

[Footnote 286: Sienne Entretien, vii. 138.]

[Footnote 287: Poes. Dram.., Sec. 2. The Poetics of the Genre Serieux are to be found, vii. 137, 138.]

[Footnote 288: i. 316.]

[Footnote 289: Hints for an Essay on the Drama, p. 155.]

[Footnote 290: Hist. du Romantisme, p. 93.]

[Footnote 291: Der Gegensatz des Classischen und des Romantischen, etc. By Conrad Hermann, p. 66.]

[Footnote 292: Schopenhauer, Ethik, 199]

[Footnote 293: Oeuv., iv. 29.]

[Footnote 294: Werke, xxv. 291.]

[Footnote 295: The original of the text, published in the Assezat edition of Diderot's works, was a manuscript found, with other waifs and strays of the eighteenth century, in a chest that had belonged to Messrs. Wuertel and Treutz, the publishers at Strasburg. Its authenticity is corroborated by the fact that in the places where Goethe has marked an omission, we find stories or expressions from which we understand only too well why Goethe forbore to reproduce them.]

[Footnote 296: v. 339.]

[Footnote 297: Lucian, [Greek: Peri Parasitou], and [Greek: Peri ton epi mistho sunonton.]]

[Footnote 298: Grimm, ix. 349.]

[Footnote 299: Anmerkungen, Rameau's Neffe; Werke, xxv. 268.]

THE END