Ochiltree (Old Edie), a king's bedesman or blue-gown. Edie is a garrulous, kind-hearted, wandering beggar, who assures Mr. Lovel that the supposed ruin of a Roman camp is no such thing. The old bedesman delighted "to daunder down the burnsides and green shaws." He is a well-drawn character.—Sir W. Scott, The Antiquary (time, George III.).

Ocnus (The Rope of), profitless labor. Ocnus is represented as twisting with unwearied diligence a rope, which an ass eats as fast as it is made. The allegory signifies that Ocnus worked hard to earn money, which his wife spent by her extravagance.

Octave (2 syl.), the son of Argante (2 syl.). During the absence of his father, Octave fell in love with Hyacinthe, daughter of Géronte, and married her, supposing her to be the daughter of Signor Pandolphe, of Tarentum. His father wanted him to marry the daughter of his friend Géronte, but Octave would not listen to it. It turned out, however, that the daughter of Pandolphe and the daughter of Géronte were one and the same person, for Géronte had assumed the name of Pandolphe while he lived in Tarentum, and his wife and daughter stayed behind after the father went to live at Naples.—Molière, Les Fourberies de Scapin (1671).

[Asterism] In the English version, called The Cheats of Scapin, by Thomas Otway, Octave is called "Octavian," Argante is called "Thrifty," Hyacinthe is called "Clara," and Géronte is "Gripe."

Octavian, the lover of Floranthê. He goes mad because he imagines Floranthê loves another; but Roque, a blunt, kind-hearted old man, assures him that Doña Floranthê is true to him, and induces him to return home.—Colman, the younger, The Mountaineers (1793).

Octavian, the English form of "Octave" (2 syl.), in Otway's Cheats of Scapin. (See OCTAVE.)

Octa'vio, the supposed husband of Jacintha. This Jacintha was at one time contracted to Don Henrique, but Violante (4 syl.), passed for Don Henrique's wife.—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Spanish Curate (1622).

Octavio, the betrothed of Donna Clara.—Jephson, Two Strings to your Bow (1792).

Octer, a sea-captain in the reign of King Alfred, who traversed the Norwegian mountains, and sailed to the Dwina in the north of Russia.

The Saxon swaying all, in Alfred's powerful reign, Our English Octer put a fleet to sea again.

Drayton, Polyolbion, xix. (1622).

O'Cutter (Captain), a ridiculous Irish captain, befriended by Lady Freelove and Lord Trinket. He speaks with a great brogue, and interlards his speech with sea terms.—George Colman, The Jealous Wife (1761).

Oc'ypus, son of Podalirius and Astasia, noted for his strength, agility and beauty. Ocypus used to jeer at the gout, and the goddess of that disease caused him to suffer from it for ever.—Lucian.

Odalisque, in Turkey, one of the female slaves in the sultan's harem (odalik, Arabic, "a chamber companion," oda, "a chamber").

He went forth with the lovely odalisques.

Byron, Don Juan, vi. 29 (1824).

Ode (Prince of the), Pierre de Ronsard (1534-1585).

Odoar, the venerable abbot of St. Felix, who sheltered King Roderick after his dethronement.—Southey, Roderick, Last of the Goths, iv. (1814).

[Asterism] Southey sometimes makes the word Odoar' [O'.dor], and sometimes O'doar (3 syl.), e.g.:

Odoar', the venerable abbot sat (2 syl.).... Odoar' and Urban eyed him while he spake.... The Lady Adosinda O'doar cried (3 syl.).... Tell him in O'doar's name the hour has come!

O'Doh'erty (Sir Morgan), a pseudonym of W. Maginn, LL.D., in Blackwood's Magazine (1819-1842).

O'Donohue's White Horses. The boatmen of Killarney, so call those waves which, on a windy day, come crested with foam. The spirit of O'Donohue is supposed to glide over the lake of Killarney every May-day on his favorite white horse, to the sound of unearthly music.

Odori'co, a Biscayan, to whom Zerbi'no commits Isabella. He proves a traitor, and tries to defile her, but is interrupted in his base endeavor. Almonio defies him to single combat, and he is delivered bound to Zerbino, who condemns him, in punishment, to attend on Gabrina for twelve months, as her squire. He accepts the charge, but hangs Gabrina on an elm, and is himself hung by Almonio to the same tree.—Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516).

Odors for Food. Plutarch, Pliny, and divers other ancients tell us of a nation in India that lived only upon pleasing odors. Democ'ritos lived for several days together on the mere effluvia of hot bread.—Dr. John Wilkins (1614-1672).

O'Dowd (Cornelius), the pseudonym of Charles James Lever, in Blackwood's Magazine (1809-1872).

Odyssey. Homer's epic, recording the adventures of Odysseus (Ulysses) in his voyage home from Troy.

Book I. The poem opens in the island of Calypso, with a complaint against Neptune and Calypso for preventing the return of Odysseus (3 syl.) to Ithaca.

II. Telemachus, the son of Odysseus, starts in search of his father, accompanied by Pallas, in the guise of Mentor.

III. Goes to Pylos, to consult old Nestor, and

IV. Is sent by him to Sparta; where he is told by Menelāus that Odysseus is detained in the island of Calypso.

V. In the mean time, Odysseus leaves the island, and, being shipwrecked, is cast on the shore of Phaeācia.

VI. Where Nausicāa, the king's daughter, finds him asleep, and

VII. Takes him to the court of her father, Alcinöos, who

VIII. Entertains him hospitably.

IX. At a banquet, Odysseus relates his adventures since he started from Troy. Tells about the Lotus-eaters and the Cyclops, with his adventures in the cave of Polyphēmos. He tells how

X. The wind-god gave him the winds in a bag. In the island of Circê, he says, his crew were changed to swine, but Mercury gave him a herb called Mōly, which disenchanted them.

XI. He tells the king how he descended into Hadês;

XII. Gives an account of the syrens; of Scylla and Charybdis; and of his being cast on the island of Calypso.

XIII. Alcinoos gives Odysseus a ship which conveys him to Ithăca, where he assumes the disguise of a beggar,

XIV. And is lodged in the house of Eumoeos, a faithful old domestic.

XV. Telemachus, having returned to Ithaca, is lodged in the same house,

XVI. And becomes known to his father.

XVII. Odysseus goes to his palace, is recognized by his dog, Argos; but

XVIII. The beggar Iros insults him, and Odysseus breaks his jaw-bone.

XIX. While bathing, the returned monarch is recognized by a scar on his leg;

XX. And when he enters his palace, becomes an eye-witness to the disorders of the court, and to the way in which

XXI. Penelopê is pestered by suitors. To excuse herself, Penelopê tells her suitors he only shall be her husband who can bend Odysseus's bow. None can do so but the stranger, who bends it with ease. Concealment is no longer possible or desirable;

XXII. He falls on the suitors hip and thigh;

XXIII. Is recognized by his wife.

XXIV. Visits his old father, Laertês; and the poem ends.

Oea'grian Harpist (The), Orpheus, son of Oea'gros and Cal'liōpê.

... can no lesse Tame the fierce walkers of the wilderness, Than that Oeagrian harpist, for whose lay Tigers with hunger pined and left their prey.

Wm. Browne, Brittania's Pastorals, v. (1613).

Oe'dipos (in Latin Oedipus), son of Laïus and Jocasta. The most mournful tale of classic story.

[Asterism] This tale has furnished the subject matter of several tragedies. In Greek we have Oedipus Tyrannus and Oedipus at Colōnus, by Sopho'oclês.[TN-45] In French, Oedipe, by Corneille (1659); Oedipe, by Voltaire (1718); Oedipe chez Admète, by J. F. Ducis (1778); Oedipe Roi and Oedipe à Colone, by Chénier; etc. In English, Oedipus, by Dryden and Lee.

Oeno'ne (3 syl.), a nymph of Mount Ida, who had the gift of prophecy, and told her husband, Paris, that his voyage to Greece would involve him and his country (Troy) in ruin. When the dead body of old Priam's son was laid at her feet, she stabbed herself.

Hither came at noon Mournful Oenōnê, wandering forlorn Of Paris, once her playmate on the hills [Ida]

Tennyson, Oenone.

[Asterism] Kalkbrenner, in 1804, made this the subject of an opera.

Oeno'pian, father of Mer'opê, to whom the giant Orīon made advances. Oenopian, unwilling to give his daughter to him, put out the giant's eyes in a drunken fit.

Orion ... Reeled as of yore beside the sea, When blinded by Oenopian.

Longfellow, The Occultation of Orion.

Oete'an Knight (The). Her'culês is so called, because he burnt himself to death on Mount Oeta or Oetaea, in Thessaly.

So also did that great Oetean knight For his love's sake his lion's skin undight.

Spenser, Faëry Queen, v. 8 (1596).

Offa, king of Mercia, was the son of Thingferth, and the eleventh in descent from Woden. Thus: Woden (1) his son Wihtlaeg, (2) his son Waermund, (3) Offa I., (4) Angeltheow, (5) Eomaer, (6) Icel, (7) Pybba, (8) Osmod, (9) Enwulf, (10) Thingferth, (11) Offa, whose son was Egfert, who died within a year of his father. His daughter, Eadburga, married Bertric, king of the West Saxons; and after the death of her husband, she went to the court of King Charlemagne. Offa reigned thirty-nine years (755-794).

O'Flaherty (Dennis), called "Major O'Flaherty." A soldier, says he, is "no livery for a knave," and Ireland is "not the country of dishonor." The major pays court to old Lady Rusport, but when he detects her dishonest purposes in bribing her lawyer to make away with Sir Oliver's will, and cheating Charles Dudley of his fortune, he not only abandons his suit, but exposes her dishonesty.—Cumberland, The West Indian (1771).

Og, king of Basan. Thus saith the rabbis:

The height of his stature was 23,033 cubits [nearly six miles]. He used to drink water from the clouds, and toast fish by holding them before the orb of the sun. He asked Noah to take him into the ark, but Noah would not. When the flood was at its deepest, it did not reach to the knees of this giant. Og lived 3000 years, and then he was slain by the hand of Moses.

Moses was himself ten cubits in stature [fifteen feet], and he took a spear ten cubits long, and threw it ten cubits high, and yet it only reached the heel of Og.... When dead, his body reached as far as the river Nile, in Egypt.

Og's mother was Enac, a daughter of Adam. Her fingers were two cubits long [one yard], and on each finger she had two sharp nails. She was devoured by wild beasts.—Maracci.

In the satire of Absalom and Achitophel, by Dryden and Tate, Thomas Shadwell, who was a very large man, is called "Og."

O'gier, the Dane, one of the paladins of the Charlemagne epoch. When 100 years old, Morgue, the fay, took him to the island of Av'alon, "hard by the terrestrial paradise;" gave him a ring which restored him to ripe manhood, a crown which made him forget his past life, and introduced him to King Arthur. Two hundred years afterwards, she sent him to defend France from the paynims, who had invaded it; and having routed the invaders, he returned to Avalon again.—Ogier, le Danois (a romance).

In a pack of French cards, Ogier, the Dane, is knave of spades. His exploits are related in the Chansons de Geste; he is introduced by Ariosto in Orlando Furioso, and by Morris in his Earthly Paradise ("August").

Ogier's Swords, Curtāna ("the cutter") and Sauvagine.

Ogier's Horse, Papillon.

Ogle (Miss), friend of Mrs. Racket; she is very jealous of young girls, and even of Mrs. Racket, because she was some six years her junior.—Mrs. Cowley, The Belle's Stratagem (1780).

O'gleby (Lord), an old fop, vain to excess, but good-natured withal, and quite the slave of the fair sex, were they but young and fair. At the age of 70, his lordship fancied himself an Adonis, notwithstanding his qualms and his rheumatism. He required a great deal of "brushing, oiling, screwing, and winding up before he appeared in public," but when fully made up, was game for the part of "lover, rake, or fine gentleman." Lord Ogleby made his bow to Fanny Sterling, and promised to make her a countess; but the young lady had been privately married to Lovewell for four months.—Colman and Garrick, The Clandestine Marriage (1766).

O'gri, giants who fed on human flesh.

O'Groat (John), with his two brothers, Malcolm and Gavin, settled in Caithness in the reign of James IV. The families lived together in harmony for a time, and met once a year at John's house. On one occasion a dispute arose about precedency—who was to take the head of the table, and who was to go out first. The old man said he would settle the question at the next annual muster; accordingly he made as many doors to his house as there were families, and placed his guests at a round table.

Oig M'Combich (Robin), or M'Gregor, a Highland drover, who quarrels with Harry Wakefield, an English drover, about a pasture-field, and stabs him. Being tried at Carlisle for murder, Robin is condemned to death.—Sir W. Scott, The Two Drovers (time, George III.).

Oina-Morul, daughter of Mal-Orchol, king of Fuärfed (a Scandinavian Island). Ton-Thormod asked her in marriage, and being refused by the father, made war upon him. Fingal sent his son Ossian to the aid of Mal-Orchol, and he took Ton-Thormod prisoner. The king now offered Ossian his daughter to wife, but the warrior-bard discovered that the lady had given her heart to Ton-Thormod; whereupon he resigned his claim, and brought about a happy reconciliation.—Ossian, Oina-Morul.

Oith'ona, daughter of Nuäth, betrothed to Gaul, son of Morni, and the day of their marriage was fixed; but before the time arrived, Fingal sent for Gaul to aid him in an expedition against the Britons. Gaul promised Oithona, if he survived, to return by a certain day. Lathmon, the brother of Oithona, was called away from home at the same time, to attend his father on an expedition; so the damsel was left alone in Dunlathmon. It was now that Dunrommath, lord of Uthal (one of the Orkneys) came and carried her off by force to Trom'athon, a desert island, where he concealed her in a cave. Gaul returned on the day appointed, heard of the rape, sailed for Trom'athon, and found the lady, who told him her tale of woe; but scarcely had she ended when Dunrommath entered the cave with his followers. Gaul instantly fell on him, and slew him. While the battle was raging, Oithona, arrayed as a warrior, rushed into the thickest of the fight, and was slain. When Gaul had cut off the head of Dunrommath, he saw what he thought a youth dying of a wound, and taking off the helmet, perceived it was Oithona. She died, and Gaul returned disconsolate to Dunlathmon.—Ossian, Oithona.

Okba, one of the sorcerers in the caves of Dom-Daniel "under the roots of the ocean." It was decreed by fate that one of the race of Hodei'rah (3 syl.), would be fatal to the sorcerers; so Okba was sent forth to kill the whole race, both root and branch. He succeeded in cutting off eight of them, but Thal'aba contrived to escape. Abdaldar was sent to hunt down the survivor, but was himself killed by a simoom.

"Curse on thee, Okba!" Khawla cried.... "Okba, wert thou weak of heart? Okba, wert thou blind of eye? Thy fate and ours were on the lot ... Thou hast let slip the reins of Destiny. Curse thee, curse thee, Okba!"

Southey, Thalaba, the Destroyer, ii. 7 (1797).

O'Kean (Lieutenant), a quondam admirer of Mrs. Margaret Bertram, of Singleside.—Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George II.).

Olave, brother of Norma, and grandfather of Minna and Brenda Troil.—Sir W. Scott, The Pirate (time, William III.).

Old Bags. John Scott, Lord Eldon; so called because he carried home with him in sundry bags the cases pending his judgment (1751-1838).

Old Bona Fide (2 syl.), Louis XIV. (1638, 1643-1715).

Old Curiosity Shop (The), a tale by C. Dickens (1840). An old man, having run through his fortune, opened a curiosity shop in order to earn a living, and brought up a granddaughter, named Nell [Trent], 14 years of age. The child was the darling of the old man, but, deluding himself with the hope of making a fortune by gaming, he lost everything, and went forth, with the child, a beggar. Their wanderings and adventures are recounted till they reach a quiet country village, where the old clergyman gives them a cottage to live in. Here Nell soon dies, and the grandfather is found dead upon her grave. The main character, next to Nell, is that of a lad named Kit [Nubbles], employed in the curiosity shop, who adored Nell as "an angel." This boy gets in the service of Mr. Garland, a genial, benevolent, well-to-do man in the suburbs of London; but Quilp hates the lad, and induces Brass, a solicitor of Bevis Marks, to put a [pounds]5 bank-note in the boy's hat, and then accuse him of theft. Kit is tried, and condemned to transportation, but the villainy being exposed by a girl-of-all-work, nicknamed "The Marchioness," Kit is liberated and restored to his place, and Quilp drowns himself.

Old Cutty Soames (1 syl.), the fairy of the mine.

Old Fox (The), Marshal Soult; so called from his strategic abilities and never-failing resources (1769-1851).

Old Glory, Sir Francis Burdett; so called by the radicals, because at one time he was their leader. In his later years Sir Francis joined the tories (1770-1844).

Old Grog, Admiral Edward Vernon; so called from his wearing a grogram coat in foul weather (1684-1757).

Old Harry, the devil. The Hebrew seirim ("hairy ones") is translated "devils" in Lev. xvii. 7, probably meaning "he-goats."

Old Hickory. General Andrew Jackson was so called in 1813. He was first called "Tough," then "Tough as Hickory," then "Hickory," and lastly "Old Hickory."

Old Humphrey, the pseudonym of George Mogridge, of London (died 1854).

Old Maid (The), a farce by Murphy (1761). Miss Harlow is the "old maid," aged 45, living with her brother and his bride, a beautiful young woman of 23. A young man of fortune, having seen them at Ranelagh, falls in love with the younger lady; and, inquiring their names, is told they are "Mrs. and Miss Harlow." He takes it for granted that the elder lady is the mother, and the younger the daughter, so asks permission to pay his addresses to "Miss Harlow." The request is granted, but it turns out that the young man meant Mrs. Harlow; and the worst of the matter is that the elder spinster was engaged to be married to Captain Cape, but turned him off for the younger man; and, when the mistake was discovered, was left like the last rose of summer to "pine on the stem," for neither felt inclined to pluck and wear the flower.

Old Maids, a comedy by S. Knowles (1841). The "old maids" are Lady Blanche and Lady Anne, two young ladies who resolved to die old maids. Their resolutions, however, are but ropes of sand, for Lady Blanche falls in love with Colonel Blount, and Lady Anne with Sir Philip Brilliant.

Old Man (An), Sir Francis Bond Head, Bart., who published his Bubbles from the Brunnen of Nassau under this signature.

Old Man Eloquent (The), Isoc'ratês, the orator. The defeat of the Athenians at Cheronae'a had such an effect on his spirits that he languished and died within four days, in the 99th year of his age.

... that dishonest victory At Cheronaea, fatal to liberty, Killed with report that Old Man Eloquent.

Milton, Sonnet, ix.

The same sobriquet was freely applied to John Quincy Adams.

Old Man of the Mountains, Hussan-ben-Sabah, sheik al Jebal; also called subah of Nishapour, the founder of the band (1090). Two letters are inserted in Rymer's Foedera by Dr. Adam Clarke, the editor, said to be written by this sheik.

Aloaddin, "prince of the Assassins" (thirteenth century).

Old Man of the Sea (The), a monster which contrived to get on the back of Sindbad the sailor, and refused to dismount. Sindbad at length made him drunk, and then shook him off.—Arabian Nights ("Sindbad the Sailor," fifth voyage).

Old Man of the Sea (The), Phorcus. He had three daughters, with only one eye and one tooth between 'em.—Greek Mythology.

Old Manor-House (The), a novel by Charlotte Smith. Mrs. Rayland is the lady of the manor (1793).

Old Moll, the beautiful daughter of John Overie or Audery (contracted into Overs) a miserly ferryman. "Old Moll" is a standing toast with the parish officers of St. Mary Overs'.

Old Mortality, the best of Scott's historical novels (1716). Morton is the best of his young heroes, and serves as an excellent foil to the fanatical and gloomy Burley. The two classes of actors, viz., the brave and dissolute cavaliers, and the resolute, oppressed covenanters, are drawn in bold relief. The most striking incidents are the terrible encounter with Burley in his rocky fastness; the dejection and anxiety of Morton on his return from Holland; and the rural comfort of Cuddie Headrigg's cottage on the banks of the Clyde, with its thin blue smoke among the trees, "showing that the evening meal was being made ready."

Old Mortality always appeared to me the "Marmion" of Scott's novels.—Chambers, English Literature, ii. 587.

Old Mortality, an itinerant antiquary, whose craze is to clean the moss from gravestones, and keep their letters and effigies in good condition.—Sir W. Scott, Old Mortality (time, Charles II.).

[Asterism] The prototype of "Old Mortality" was Robert Patterson.

Old Noll, Oliver Cromwell (1590-1658).

Old Noll's Fiddler, Sir Roger Lestrange, who played the base-viol at the musical parties held at John Hingston's house, where Oliver Cromwell was a constant guest.

Old Rowley, Charles II., so called from his favorite race-horse (1630, 1660-1685).

Old Stone. Henry Stone, statuary and painter (died 1653).

Oldboy (Colonel), a manly retired officer, fond of his glass, and not averse to a little spice of the Lothario spirit.

Lady Mary Oldboy, daughter of Lord Jessamy, and wife of the colonel. A sickly nonentity, "ever complaining, ever having something the matter with her head, back, or legs." Afraid of the slightest breath of wind, jarred by a loud voice, and incapable of the least exertion.

Diana Oldboy, daughter of the colonel. She marries Harman.

Jessamy, son of the colonel and Lady Mary. An insufferable prig.—Bickerstaff, Lionel and Clarissa.

Oldbuck (Jonathan), the antiquary, devoted to the study and accumulation of old coins and medals, etc. He is sarcastic, irritable, and a woman-hater; but kind-hearted, faithful to his friends, and a humorist.—Sir W. Scott, The Antiquary (time, George III.).

An excellent temper, with a slight degree of subacid humor; learning, wit, and drollery, the more poignant that they were a little marked by the peculiarities of an old bachelor; a soundness of thought, rendered more forcible by an occasional quaintness of expression—these were the qualities in which the creature of my imagintion[TN-46] resembled my benevolent and excellent friend.—Sir W. Scott.

The merit of The Antiquary as a novel rests on the inimitable delineation of Oldbuck, that model of black-letter and Roman-camp antiquaries, whose oddities and conversation are rich and racy as any of the old crusted port that John of the Girnel might have held in his monastic cellars.—Chambers, English Literature, ii. 586.

Oldcastle (Sir John), a drama by Anthony Munday (1600). This play appeared with the name of Shakespeare on the title-page.

Old Sledge. Game of cards that, played at the "Settlemint"—(a group of log huts) among the Tennessee mountains, has a fatal fascination for Josiah Tait, who loses to a former suitor of the woman he has married everything he owns. The property is restored through the unexpected magnanimity of the winner, and the playing of Old Sledge becomes a lost art at the "Settlemint."—Charles Egbert Craddock, In the Tennessee Mountains (1884).

Oldworth, of Oldworth Oaks, a wealthy squire, liberally educated, very hospitable, benevolent, humorous, and whimsical. He brings up Maria, "the maid of the Oaks" as his ward, but she is his daughter and heiress.—J Burgoyne, The Maid of the Oaks (1779).

Ole 'Stracted, a superannuated negro, formerly a slave, whose fancy is to wait in a hut on the old plantation for his master's return. He was "sold South" forty years before, and his young master promised to go down next summer and buy him back. The poor fellow has saved in these years twelve hundred dollars to pay for his freedom. Unknown to himself or to them, his son and daughter-in-law minister to him in his last moments. He has put on his clean shirt, sure that "young marster" will come to-day. Rising to his feet he cries out:

"Heah de one you lookin' for, Marster! Mymy—heah's Little Ephrum!"

And with a smile on his face he sank back into his son's arms.—Thomas Nelson Page, In Ole Virginia (1887).

Olifant, the horn of Roland or Orlando. This horn and the sword "Durinda'na" were buried with the hero. Turpin tells us in his Chronicle that Charlemagne heard the blare of this horn at a distance of eight miles.

Olifant (Basil), a kinsman of Lady Margaret Bellenden, of the Tower of Tillietudlem.—Sir W. Scott, Old Mortality (time, Charles II.).

Olifaunt (Lord Nigel), of Glenvarloch. On going to court to present a petition to James I. he aroused the dislike of the duke of Buckingham. Lord Dalgarno gave him the cut direct, and Nigel struck him, but was obliged to seek refuge in Alsatia. After various adventures he married Margaret Ramsay, the watch-maker's daughter, and obtained the title-deeds of his estates.—Sir W. Scott, The Fortunes of Nigel (time, James I.).

Olim'pia, the wife of Bireno, uncompromising in love, and relentless in hate.—Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516).

Olimpia, a proud Roman lady of high rank. When Rome was sacked by Bourbon, she flew for refuge to the high altar of St. Peter's, where she clung to a golden cross. On the advance of certain soldiers in the army of Bourbon to seize her, she cast the huge cross from its stand, and as it fell it crushed to death the foremost soldier. Others then attempted to seize her, when Arnold dispersed them and rescued the lady; but the proud beauty would not allow the foe of her country to touch her, and flung herself from the high altar on the pavement. Apparently lifeless, she was borne off; but whether she recovered or not we are not informed, as the drama was never finished.—Byron, The Deformed Transformed (1821).

Olindo, the lover of Sophronia. Aladine, king of Jerusalem, at the advice of his magicians, stole an image of the Virgin, and set it up as a palladium in the chief mosque. During the night it was carried off, and the king, unable to discover the thief, ordered all his Christian subjects to be put to death. To prevent this massacre, Sophronia delivered up herself as the perpetrator of the deed, and Olindo, hearing thereof, went to the king and declared Sophronia innocent, as he himself had stolen the image. The king commanded both to be put to death, but, by the intercession of Clorinda, they were both set free.—Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered, ii. (1575).

Oliphant or Ollyphant, the twin-brother of Argan'tê, the giantess. Their father was Typhaeus, and their mother Earth.—Spenser, Faëry Queen, iii. 7, 11 (1590).

Olive Litchfield, young woman married to an elderly man, whose fatherly kindness wins her grateful esteem. With her knowledge and sanction he leaves the bulk of his property to charitable objects, thereby disappointing her rapacious relatives. She is quite willing, as a widow, to marry the man her mother dismissed in order to wed her to a millionaire, but James Merion, the cured suitor, prefers a fresh love.—Ellen Olney Kirk, A Daughter of Eve.

Olive Tree (The), emblem of Athens, in memory of the famous dispute between Minerva (the patron goddess of Athens) and Neptune. Both deities wished to found a city on the same spot; and, referring the matter to Jove, the king of gods and men decreed that the privilege should be granted to whichever would bestow the most useful gift on the future inhabitants. Neptune struck the earth with his trident, and forth came a war-horse; Minerva produced an olive tree, emblem of peace; and Jove gave the verdict in favor of Minerva.

Olive Carraze, beautiful quadroon, virtuous and accomplished, whose mother, Madame Delphine, swears Olive is not her child, that she may secure the girl's legal marriage with a white man who loves her honorably. On the afternoon of the marriage-day, when the wedded pair have taken their departure, Madame Delphine seeks her confessor, owns the perjury, receives absolution, and falls dead in the confessional.—George W. Cable, Madame Delphine (1879).

Oliver, the elder son of Sir Rowland de Bois [Bwor], left in charge of his younger brother, Orlando, whom he hated and tried indirectly to murder. Orlando, finding it impossible to live in his brother's house, fled to the forest of Arden, where he joined the society of the banished duke. One morning he saw a man sleeping, and a serpent and lioness bent on making him their prey. He slew both the serpent and lioness, and then found that the sleeper was his brother Oliver. Oliver's disposition from this moment underwent a complete change, and he loved his brother as much as he had before hated him. In the forest the two brothers met Rosalind and Celia. The former, who was the daughter of the banished duke, married Orlando; and the latter, who was the daughter of the usurping duke, married Oliver.—Shakespeare, As You Like It (1598).

Oliver and Rowland, the two chief paladins of Charlemagne. Shakespeare makes the duke of Alençon say:

Froissart, a countryman of ours, records, England all Olivers and Rowlands bred During the time Edward the Third did reign.

1 Henry VI. act i. sc. 2 (1589).

Oliver's Horse, Ferrant d'Espagne.

Oliver's Sword, Haute-claire.

Oliver le Dain or Oliver le Diable, court barber, and favorite minister of Louis XI. Introduced by Sir W. Scott in Quentin Durward and Anne of Geierstein (time, Edward IV.).

Oliver Floyd, a dashing lawyer, with iron-gray hair, and separated from his wife. His guardianly attention to Carol Lester set village and town gossip to talking.—Charlotte Dunning, Upon a Cast (1885).

Oliv'ia, a rich countess, whose love was sought by Orsino, duke of Illyria; but having lost her brother, Olivia lived for a time in entire seclusion, and in no wise reciprocated the duke's love; in consequence of which Viola nicknamed her "Fair Cruelty." Strange as it may seem, Olivia fell desperately in love with Viola, who was dressed as the duke's page, and sent her a ring. Mistaking Sebastian (Viola's brother) for Viola, she married him out of hand.—Shakespeare, Twelfth Night (1614).

Never were Shakespeare's words more finely given than by Miss M. Tree [1802-1862] in the speech to "Olivia," beginning, "Make me a willow cabin at thy gate."—Talfourd (1821).

Olivia, a female Tartuffe (2 syl.), and consummate hypocrite of most unblushing effrontery.—Wycherly, The Plain Dealer (1677).

The duc de Montausier was the prototype of Wycherly's "Mr. Manly," the "plain dealer," and of Molière's "Misanthrope."

Olivia, daughter of Sir James Woodville, left in charge of a mercenary wretch, who, to secure to himself her fortune, shut her up in a convent in Paris. She was rescued by Leontine Croaker, brought to England, and became his bride.—Goldsmith, The Good-natured Man (1768).

Olivia, the tool of Ludovĭco. She loved Vicentio, but Vicentio was plighted to Evadne, sister of Colonna. Ludovico induced Evadne to substitute the king's miniature for that of Vicentio, which she was accustomed to wear. When Vicentio returned, and found Evadne with the king's miniature, he believed what Ludovico had told him that she was the king's wanton, and he cast her off. Olivia repented of her duplicity, and explained it all to Vicentio, whereby a reconciliation took place, and Vicentio married his troth-plighted lady, "more sinned against than sinning."—Shiel, Evadne or The Statue (1820).

Olivia, "the rose of Aragon," was the daughter of Ruphi'no, a peasant, and bride of Prince Alonzo of Aragon. The king refused to recognize the marriage, and, sending his son to the army, compelled the cortez to pass an act of divorce. This brought to a head a general revolt. The king was dethroned, and Almagro made regent. Almagro tried to make Olivia marry him; ordered her father to the rack, and her brother to death. Meanwhile the prince returned at the head of his army, made himself master of the city, put down the revolt, and had his marriage duly recognized. Almagro took poison and died.—S. Knowles, The Rose of Aragon (1842).

Olivia [PRIMROSE], the elder daughter of the vicar of Wakefield. She was a sort of a Hebê in beauty, open, sprightly, and commanding. Olivia Primrose "wished for many lovers," and eloped with Squire Thornhill. Her father went in search of her, and on his return homeward, stopped at a roadside inn, called the Harrow, and there found her turned out of the house by the landlady. It was ultimately discovered that she was legally married to the squire.—Goldsmith, Vicar of Wakefield (1765).

Olivia, young girl who hearkens to The Talking Oak in Tennyson's poem of that name (1842).

Olivia de Zenuga, daughter of Don Caesar. She fixed her heart on having Julio de Melessina for her husband, and so behaved to all other suitors as to drive them away. Thus to Don Garcia, she pretended to be a termagant; to Don Vincentio, who was music-mad, she professed to love a Jew's-harp above every other instrument. At last Julio appeared, and her "bold stroke" obtained as its reward "the husband of her choice."—Mrs. Cowley, A Bold Stroke for a Husband (1782).

Olla, bard of Cairbar. These bards acted as heralds.—Ossian.

Ol'lapod (Cornet), at the Galen's Head. An eccentric country apothecary, "a jumble of physic and shooting." Dr. Ollapod is very fond of "wit," and when he has said what he thinks a smart thing he calls attention to it, with "He! he! he!" and some such expression as "Do you take, good sir! do you take?" But when another says a smart thing, he titters, and cries, "That's well! that's very well! Thank you, good sir, I owe you one!" He is a regular rattle; details all the scandal of the village; boasts of his achievements or misadventures; is very mercenary, and wholly without principle.—G. Colman, The Poor Gentleman (1802).

[Asterism] This character is evidently a copy of Dibdin's "Doctor Pother" in The Farmer's Wife (1780).

Ol'lomand, an enchanter, who persuaded Ahu'bal, the rebellious brother of Misnar, sultan of Delhi, to try by bribery to corrupt the troops of the sultan. By an unlimited supply of gold, he soon made himself master of the southern provinces and Misnar marched to give him battle. Ollomand, with 5000 men, went in advance and concealed his company in a forest; but Misnar, apprised thereof by spies, set fire to the forest, and Ollomand was shot by the discharge of his own cannons, fired spontaneously by the flames: "For enchantment has no power except over those who are first deceived by the enchanter."—Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], Tales of the Genii ("The Enchanter's Tale," vi., 1751).

Oluf (Sir), a bridegroom who rode late to collect guests to his wedding. On his ride, the daughter of the erl king met him and invited him to dance a measure, but Sir Oluf declined. She then offered him a pair of gold spurs, a silk doublet, and a heap of gold, if he would dance with her: and when he refused to do so, she struck him "with an elf-stroke." On the morrow, when all the bridal party was assembled, Sir Oluf was found dead in a wood.—A Danish Legend (Herder).

Olympia, countess of Holland and wife of Bire'no. Being deserted by Bireno, she was bound naked to a rock by pirates, but was delivered by Orlando, who took her to Ireland, where she married King Oberto (bks. iv., v.),[TN-47]—Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516).

Olympia, sister to the grand-duke of Muscovia.—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Loyal Subject (1618).

Omawhaws [Om'.a.waws] or Omahas, an Indian tribe of Dakota.

O, chief of the mighty Omahaws!

Longfellow, To the Driving Cloud.

Ombre'lia, the rival of Smilinda, for the love of Sharper; "strong as the footman, as the master sweet."—Pope, Eclogues ("The Basset Table," 1715).

O'Neal (Shan), leader of the Irish insurgents in 1567. Shan O'Neal was notorious for profligacy.

O'Malley (Charles). Dashing Irishman in Charles James Lever's novel Charles O'Malley.

O'More (Rory). Hero of a novel of same name and the lover of Katharine O'Bawn, in the popular song, Rory O'More. Novel and song are by Samuel Lover.

Onei'za (3 syl.), daughter of Moath, a well-to-do Bedouin, in love with Thal'aba, "the destroyer" of sorcerers. Thalaba, being raised to the office of vizier, married Oneiza, but she died on the bridal night.—Southey, Thalaba, the Destroyer, ii., vii. (1797).

Oneida Warrior (The), Outalissi (q.v.).—Campbell, Gertrude of Wyoming (1809).

Only (The), Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, called by the Germans Der Einzige, from the unique character of his writings.

[Asterism] The Italians call Bernardo Accolti, an Italian poet of the sixteenth century, "Aretino the Only," or L'Unico Aretino.

Open, Ses'ame! (3 syl.) the magic words which caused the cave door of the "forty thieves" to open of itself. "Shut Sesamê!" were the words which caused it to shut. Sesame is a grain, and hence Cassim, when he forgot the word, cried, "Open, Wheat!" "Open, Rye!" "Open, Barley!" but the door obeyed no sound but "Open, Sesamê!"—Arabian Nights ("Ali Baba or The Forty Thieves").

Ophelia, the young, beautiful, and pious daughter of Polo'nius, lord chamberlain to the king of Denmark. Hamlet fell in love with her, but her father forbade her holding word or speech with the Prince, and she obeyed so strictly that her treatment of him, with his other wrongs, drove him to upbraid and neglect her. Ophelia was so wrought upon by his conduct that her mind gave way. In her madness, attempting to hang a wreath of flowers on a willow by a brook, a branch broke, and she was drowned.—Hamlet (1596).

Tate Wilkinson, speaking of Mrs. Cibber (Dr. Arne's daughter, 1710-1766), says: "Her features, figure and singing, made her the best 'Ophelia' that ever appeared either before or since."

Ophiuchus [Of'.i.ū'.kus], the constellation Serpentarius. Ophiuchus is a man who holds a serpent (Greek Ophis) in his hands. The constellation is situated to the south of Herculês; and the principal star, called "Ras Alhague," is in the man's head. (Ras Alhague)[TN-48] is from the Arabic, rás-al-hawwá, "the serpent-charmer's head.")

Satan stood Unterrified, and like a comet burned, That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge, In the Arctic sky.

Milton, Paradise Lost, ii. 709, etc. (1665).

Opium-Eater (The English), Thomas de Quincey, who published Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1845).

O. P. Q., Robert Merry (1755-1798); object of Gifford's satire in Baviad and Maeviad, and of Byron's in his English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. He marries Miss Brunton, the actress.

And Merry's metaphors appear anew, Chained to the signature of O. P. Q.

Byron, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers (1809).

Oracle of the Church (The), St. Bernard (1091-1153).

Oracle of the Holy Bottle (The), an oracle sought for by Rabelais, to solve the knotty point "whether Panurge (2 syl.) should marry or not." The question had been put to sibyl and poet, monk and fool, philosopher and witch, but none could answer it. The oracle was ultimately found in Lantern-land.

This, of course, is a satire on the celibacy of the clergy and the withholding of the cup from the laity. Shall the clergy marry or not?—that was the moot point; and the "Bottle of Tent Wine," or the clergy, who kept the bottle to themselves, alone could solve it. The oracle and priestess of the bottle were both called Bacbuc (Hebrew for "bottle").—Rabelais, Pantag'ruel, iv., v. (1545).

Oracle (Sir), name used in Merchant of Venice to express conceited, pugnacious man.

... I am Sir Oracle, And when I ope my lips, let no dog bark!"[TN-49]

Orange (Prince of), a title given to the heir-apparent of the king of Holland. "Orange" is a petty principality in the territory of Avignon, in the possession of the Nassau family.

Orania, the lady-love of Am'adis of Gaul.—Lobeira, Amadis of Gaul (fourteenth century).

Orator Henley, the Rev. John Henley, who for about thirty years delivered lectures on theological, political, and literary subjects (1692-1756).

[Asterism] Hogarth has introduced him into several of his pictures; and Pope says of him:

Imbround with native bronze, lo! Henley stands, Tuning his voice, and balancing his hands, How fluent nonsense trickles from his tongue! How sweet the periods, neither said nor sung!...

Oh, great restorer of the good old stage, Preacher at once and zany of thy age! Oh, worthy thou of Egypt's wise abodes; A decent priest where monkeys were the gods!

The Dunciad (1742).

Orator Hunt, the great demagogue in the time of the Wellington and Peel administration. Henry Hunt, M.P., used to wear a gray hat, and these hats were for the time a badge of democratic principles, and called "radical hats" (1773-1835).

Orbaneja, the painter of Ube'da, who painted so preposterously that he inscribed under his objects what he meant them for.

Orbaneja would paint a cock so wretchedly designed that he was obliged to inscribe under it, "This is a cock."—Cervantes, Don Quixote, II. i. 3 (1615).

Orbilius, the schoolmaster who taught Horace. The poet calls him "the flogger" (plagōsus).—Ep. ii. 71.

[Asterism] The Orbilian Stick is a birch rod or cane.

Ordigale, the otter in the beast-epic of Reynard the Fox, i. (1498).

Ordovi'ces (4 syl.), people of Ordovicia, that is, Flintshire, Denbighshire, Merionetshire, Montgomeryshire, Carnarvonshire and Anglesey. (In Latin the i is short: Ordovĭcês.)

The Ordovīces now which North Wales people be.

Drayton, Polyolbion, xvi. (1613).

Or'dovies (3 syl.), the inhabitants of North Wales. (In Latin North Wales is called Ordovic'ia.)

Beneath his [Agricola's] fatal sword the Ordovies to fall (Inhabiting the west), those people last of all ... withstood.

Drayton, Polyolbion, viii. (1612).

Or'ead (3 syl.), a mountain-nymph. Tennyson calls "Maud" an oread, because her hall and garden were on a hill.

I see my Oreäd coming down.

Maud, I. xvi. 1 (1855).

Oreäd. Echo is so called.

Ore'ades (4 syl.) or O'reads (3 syl.), mountain-nymphs.

Ye Cambrian [Welsh] shepherds then, whom these our mountains please, And ye our fellow-nymphs, ye light Oreädês.

Drayton, Polyolbion, ix. (1612).

Orel'io, the favorite horse of King Roderick, the last of the Goths.

'Twas Orelio On which he rode, Roderick's own battle-horse, Who from his master's hand had wont to feed, And with a glad docility obey His voice familiar.

Southey, Roderick, etc., xxv. (1814).

Ores'tes (3 syl.), son of Agamemnon, betrothed to Hermi'onê (4 syl.), daughter of Menela'us (4 syl.), king of Sparta. At the downfall of Troy Menelāus promised Hermionê in marriage to Pyrrhus, king of Epīrus, but Pyrrhus fell in love with Androm'achê, the widow of Hector, and his captive. An embassy, led by Orestês, was sent to Epirus to demand that the son of Andromachê should be put to death, lest, as he grew up, he might seek to avenge his father's death. Pyrrhus refused to comply. In this embassage Orestês met Hermionê again, and found her pride and jealousy aroused to fury by the slight offered her. She goaded Orestês to avenge her insults, and the ambassadors fell on Pyrrhus and murdered him. Hermionê, when she saw the dead body of the king borne along, stabbed herself, and Orestês went raving mad.—Ambrose Philips, The Distressed Mother (1712).

Orfeo and Heuro'dis, the tale of Orpheus and Eurydĭcê, with the Gothic machinery of elves and fairies.

[Asterism] Glück has an opera called Orfeo; the libretto, by Calzabigi, based on a dramatic piece by Poliziano (1764).

Orgari'ta, "the orphan of the Frozen Sea," heroine of a drama. (See MARTHA.)—Stirling, The Orphan of the Frozen Sea (1856).

Or'gilus, the betrothed lover of Penthe'a, by the consent of her father; but, at the death of her father, her brother, Ith'oclês, compelled her to marry Bass'anês, whom she hated. Ithoclês was about to marry the princess of Sparta, but a little before the event was to take place Penthea starved herself to death, and Orgilus was condemned to death for murdering Ithoclês.—John Ford, The Broken Heart (1633).

Orgoglio [Or.gole'.yo], a hideous giant, as tall as three men, son of Earth and Wind. Finding the Red Cross Knight at the fountain of Idleness he beats him with a club, and makes him his slave. Una informs Arthur of it, and Arthur liberates the knight and slays the giant (Rev. xiii. 5, 7, with Dan. vii. 21, 22).—Spenser, Faëry Queen, i. (1590).

[Asterism] Arthur first cut off Orgoglio's left arm, i. e. Bohemia was cut off first from the Church of Rome; then he cut off the giant's right leg, i. e. England.

Orgon, brother-in-law of Tartuffe (2 syl.). His credulity and faith in Tartuffe, like that of his mother, can scarcely be shaken even by the evidence of his senses. He hopes against hope, and fights every inch of ground in defence of the religious hypocrite.—Molière, Tartuffe (1664).

Oria'na, daughter of Lisuarte, king of England, and spouse of Am'adis of Gaul (bk. ii. 6). The general plot of this series of romances bears on this marriage, and tells of the thousand and one obstacles from rivals, giants, sorcerers and so on, which had to be overcome before the consummation could be effected. It is in this unity of plot that the Amadis series differs from its predecessors—the Arthurian romances, and those of the paladins of Charlemagne, which are detached adventures, each complete in itself, and not bearing to any common focus.—Amadis de Gaul (fourteenth century).

[Asterism] Queen Elizabeth is called "the peerless Oriana," especially in the madrigals entitled The Triumphs of Oriana (1601). Ben Jonson applies the name to the queen of James I. (Oriens Anna).

Oriana, the nursling of a lioness, with whom Esplandian fell in love, and for whom he underwent all his perils and exploits. She was the gentlest, fairest, and most faithful of her sex.—Lobeira, Amadis de Gaul (fourteenth century).

Orian'a, the fair, brilliant, and witty "chaser" of the "wild goose" Mirabel, to whom she is betrothed, and whose wife she ultimately becomes.—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Wild-Goose Chase (1652).

Oriana, the ward of old Mirabel, and bound by contract to her guardian's son whom she loves; but young Mirabel shilly-shallies, till he gets into trouble with Lamorce (3 syl.), and is in danger of being murdered, when Oriana, dressed as a page, rescues him. He then declared that his "inconstancy has had a lesson," and he marries the lady.—G. Farquhar, The Inconstant (1702).

Oriana, in Tennyson's ballad so called, "stood on the castle wall," to see her spouse, a Norland chief, fight. A foeman went between "the chief, and the wall," and discharged an arrow, which, glancing aside, pierced the lady's heart and killed her. The ballad is the lamentation of the spouse on the death of his bride (1830).

O'riande (3 syl.), a fay who lived at Rosefleur, and was brought up by Maugis d'Aygremont. When her protégé grew up, she loved him, "d'un si grand amour, qu'elle doute fort qu'il ne se departe d'avecques elle."—Romance de Maujis d'Aygremont et de Vivian son Frère.

O'riel, a fairy, whose empire lay along the banks of the Thames, when King Oberon held his court in Kensington Gardens.—Tickell, Kensington Gardens (1686-1740).

Orient (The). In The New Priest of Conception Bay, Fanny Dare sings to little Mary Barré how the good ship Orient was wrecked.

"Woe for the brave ship Orient! Woe for the old ship Orient! For in the broad, broad light With the land in sight,— Where the waters bubbled white,— One great, sharp shriek!—one shudder of affright! And—— down went the brave old ship, the Orient!"

Robert Lowell, The New Priest of Conception Bay (1858).

Oriflamme, the banner of St. Denis. When the counts of Vexin became possessed of the abbey, the banner passed into their hands, and when, in 1082, Philippe I. united Vexin to the crown, the oriflamme or sacred banner belonged to the king. In 1119 it was first used as a national banner. It consists of a crimson silk flag, mounted on a gilt staff (un glaive tout doré où est attaché une banière vermeille). The loose end is cut into three wavy vandykes, to represent tongues of flame, and a silk tassel is hung at each cleft. In war the display of this standard indicates that no quarter will be given. The English standard of no quarter was the "burning dragon."

Raoul de Presle says it was used in the time of Charlemagne, being the gift of the patriarch of Jerusalem. We are told that all infidels were blinded who looked upon it. Froissart says it was displayed at the battle of Rosbecq, in the reign of Charles VI., and "no sooner was it unfurled than the fog cleared away, and the sun shone on the French alone."

I have not reared the Oriflamme of death. ... me it behooves To spare the fallen foe.

Southey, Joan of Arc, viii. 621, etc. (1837).

Origilla, the lady-love of Gryphon, brother of Aquilant; but the faithless fair one took up with Martāno, a most impudent boaster and a coward. Being at Damascus during a tournament in which Gryphon was the victor, Martano stole the armor of Gryphon, arrayed himself in it, took the prizes, and then decamped with the lady. Aquilant happened to see them, bound them, and took them back to Damascus, where Martano was hanged, and the lady kept in bondage for the judgment of Lucīna.—Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516).

Orillo, a magician and robber, who lived at the mouth of the Nile. He was the son of an imp and fairy. When any one of his limbs was lopped off, he had the power of restoring it; and when his head was cut off, he could take it up and replace it. When Astolpho encountered this magician, he was informed that his life lay in one particular hair; so instead of seeking to maim his adversary, Astolpho cut off the magic hair, and the magician fell lifeless at his feet.—Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516).

Orinda, "the incomparable," Mrs. Katherine Philipps, who lived in the reign of Charles II., and died of small-pox.

[Asterism] Her praises were sung by Cowley, Dryden, and others.

We allowed you beauty, and we did submit ... Ah, cruel sex, will you depose us too in wit? Orinda does in that too reign.

Cowley, On Orinda's Poems (1647).

Ori'on, a giant of great beauty, and a famous hunter, who cleared the island of Chios of wild beasts. While in the island, Orion fell in love with Merŏpê, daughter of king Oenop'ion; but one day, in a drunken fit, having offered her violence, the king put out the giant's eyes, and drove him from the island. Orion was told if he would travel eastward, and expose his sockets to the rising sun, he would recover his sight. Guided by the sound of a Cyclop's hammer, he reached Lemnos, where Vulcan gave him a guide to the abode of the sun. In due time, his sight returned to him, and at death he was made a constellation. The lion's skin was an emblem of the wild beasts which he slew in Chios, and the club was the instrument he employed for the purpose.

He [Orion] Reeled as of yore beside the sea, When, blinded by Oenopion, He sought the blacksmith at his forge, And, climbing up the mountain gorge, Fixed his blank eyes upon the sun.

Longfellow, The Occultation of Orion.

Orion and the Blacksmith. The reference is to the blacksmith mentioned in the preceding article, whom Orion took on his back to act as guide to the place where the rising sun might be best seen.

Orion's Dogs were Arctophŏnus ("the bear-killer") and Ptoophăgos ("the glutton of Ptoon," in Boeōtia).

Orion's Wife, Sidê.

Orion. After Orion has set in the west, Aurīga (the Charioteer) and Gem'ini (Castor and Pollux) are still visible. Hence Tennyson says:

... the Charioteer And starry Gemini hang like glorious crowns Over Orion's grave low down in the west.

Maud, III. vi. 1 (1855).

Orion, a seraph, the guardian angel of Simon Peter.—Klopstock, The Messiah, iii. (1748).

Orith'yia or Orith'ya, daughter of Erectheus, carried off by Boreas to Thrace.

Such, dalliance as alone the North wind hath with her, Orithya not enjoyed, from Thrace when he her took, And in his saily plumes the trembling virgin shook.

Drayton, Polyolbion, x. (1612).

Phineas Fletcher calls the word "Orithy'a."

None knew mild zephyr's from cold Eurus' mouth, Nor Orithya's lover's violence [North wind].

Purple Island, i. (1633).

Orlando, the younger son of Sir Rowland de Bois [Bwor]. At the death of his father, he was left under the care of his elder brother, Oliver, who was charged to treat him well; but Oliver hated him, wholly neglected his education, and even tried by many indirect means to kill him. At length, Orlando fled to the forest of Arden', where he met Rosalind and Celia in disguise. They had met before at a wrestling match, when Orlando and Rosalind fell in love with each other. The acquaintance was renewed in the forest, and ere many days had passed the two ladies resumed their proper characters, and both were married, Rosalind to Orlando, and Celia to Oliver, the elder brother.—Shakespeare, As You Like It (1598).

Orlando (in French ROLAND, q.v.), one of the paladins of Charlemagne, whose nephew he was. Orlando was confiding and loyal, of great stature, and possessed unusual strength. He accompanied his uncle into Spain, but on his return was waylaid in the valley of Roncesvallês (in the Pyrenees) by the traitor Ganelon, and perished with all his army, A.D. 778. His adventures are related in Turpin's Chronique; in the Chanson de Roland, attributed to Théroulde. He is the hero of Bojardo's epic, Orlando Innamorato; and of Ariosto's continuation called Orlando Furioso ("Orlando mad"). Robert Greene, in 1594, produced a drama which he called The History of Orlando. Rhode's farce of Bombastês Furioso (1790) is a burlesque of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso.

Orlando's Ivory Horn, Olifant, once the property of Alexander the Great. Its bray could be heard for twenty miles.

Orlando's Horse, Brigliadoro ("golden bridal").

Orlando's Sword, Durinda'na or Durandana, which once belonged to Hector, is "preserved at Rocamadour, in France; and his spear is still shown in the cathedral of Pa'via, in Italy."

Orlando was of middling stature, broad-shouldered, crooked-legged, brown-visaged, red-bearded, and had much hair on his body. He talked but little, and had a very surly aspect, although he was perfectly good-humored.—Cervantes, Don Quixote, II. i. 1 (1615).

Orlando's Vulnerable Part. Orlando was invulnerable except in the sole of his foot, and even there nothing could wound him but the point of a large pin; so that when Bernardo del Carpio assailed him at Roncesvallês, he took him in his arms and squeezed him to death, in imitation of Herculês, who squeezed to death the giant Antae'us (3 syl.).—Cervantes, Don Quixote, II. ii. 13 (1615).

Orlando Furioso, a continuation of Bojardo's story, with the same hero. Bojardo leaves Orlando in love with Angelica, whom he fetched from Cathay and brought to Paris. Here, says Ariosto, Rinaldo falls in love with her, and, to prevent mischief, the king placed the coquette under the charge of Namus; but she contrived to escape her keeper, and fled to the island of Ebūda, where Rogēro found her exposed to a sea-monster, and liberated her. In the mean time, Orlando went in search of his lady, was decoyed into the enchanted castle of Atlantês, but was liberated by Angelica, who again succeeded in effecting her escape to Paris. Here she arrived just after a great battle between the Christians and pagans, and, finding Medōra, a Moor, wounded, took care of him, fell in love with him, and eloped with him to Cathay. When Orlando found himself jilted, he was driven mad with jealousy and rage, or rather his wits were taken from him for three months by way of punishment, and deposited in the moon. Astolpho went to the moon in Elijah's chariot, and St. John gave him "the lost wits" in an urn. On reaching France Astolpho bound the madman, then, holding the urn to his nose, the wits returned to their nidus, and the hero was himself again. After this, the siege was continued, and the Christians were wholly successful. (See ORLANDO INNAMORATO.)—Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516).

[Asterism] This romance in verse extends to forty-six cantos. Hoole, in his translation, has compressed the forty-six cantos into twenty-four books; but Rose has retained the original number. The adventures of Orlando, under the French form "Roland," are related by Turpin in his Chronicle, and by Théroulde in his Chanson de Roland.

[Asterism] The true hero of Ariosto's romance is Rogēro, and not Orlando. It is with Rogero's victory over Rodomont that the poem ends. The concluding lines are:

Then at full stretch he [Rogero] raised his arm above The furious Rodomont, and the weapon drove Thrice in his gaping throat—so ends the strife, And leaves secure Rogero's fame and life.

Orlando Innamora'to, or Orlando in love, in three books, by Count Bojardo, of Scandiano, in Italy (1495). Bojardo supposes Charlemagne to be warring against the Saracens in France, under the walls of Paris. He represents the city to be besieged by two infidel hosts—one under Agramantê, emperor of Africa, and the other under Gradasso, king of Sirica'na. His hero is Orlando, whom he supposes (though married at the time to Aldebella) to be in love with Angelica, a fascinating coquette from Cathay, whom Orlando had brought to France. (See ORLANDO FURIOSO.)

[Asterism] Berni of Tuscany, in 1538, published a burlesque in verse on the same subject.

Orleans, a most passionate innamorato, in love with Agripy'na.—Thomas Dekker, Old Fortunatus (1600).

Orleans talks "pure Biron and Romeo;" he is almost as poetical as they, quite as philosophical, only a little madder.—C. Lamb.

("Biron," in Shakespeare's Love's Labor's Lost; "Romeo," in his Romeo and Juliet.)

Orleans (Gaston, duke of), brother of Louis XIII. He heads a conspiracy to assassinate Richelieu and dethrone the king. If the plot had been successful, Gaston was to have been made regent; but the conspiracy was discovered, and the duke was thwarted in his ambitious plans.—Lord Lytton, Richelieu (1839).

Orleans (Louis, duc d'), to whom the Princess Joan (daughter of Louis XI.) is affianced.—Sir W. Scott, Quentin Durward (time, Edward IV.).

Orlick (Dolge), usually called "Old Orlick," though not above five and twenty, journeyman to Joe Gargery, blacksmith. Obstinate, morose, broad-shouldered, loose-limbed, swarthy, of great strength, never in a hurry, and always slouching. Being jealous of Pip, he allured him to a hut in the marshes, bound him to a ladder, and was about to kill him, when, being alarmed by approaching steps, he fled. Subsequently, he broke into Mr. Pumblechook's house, was arrested, and confined in the county jail. This surly, ill-conditioned brute was in love with Biddy, but Biddy married Joe Gargery.—C. Dickens, Great Expectations (1860).

Orloff Diamond (The), the third largest cut diamond in the world, set in the top of the Russian sceptre. The weight of this magnificent diamond is 194 carats, and its size is that of a pigeon's egg. It was once one of the eyes of the idol Sheringham, in the temple of Brahma; came into the hands of the Shah Nadir; was stolen by a French grenadier and sold to an English sea-captain for [pounds]2000; the captain sold it to a Jew for [pounds]12,000; it next passed into the hands of Shafras; and in 1775, Catherine II. of Russia gave for it [pounds]90,000. (See DIAMONDS.)

Or'mandine (3 syl.), the necromancer who threw St. David into an enchanted sleep for seven years, from which he was reclaimed by St. George.—R. Johnson, The Seven Champions of Christendom, i. 9 (1617).

Orme (Victor), a poor gentleman in love with Elsie.—Wybert Reeve, Parted.

Ormond (The duke of), a privy councillor of Charles II.—Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.).

Ormston (Jock), a sheriff's officer at Fairport.—Sir W. Scott, The Antiquary (time, George III.).

Ornithol'ogy (The Father of), George Edwards (1693-1773).

Oroma'zes (4 syl.), the principle of good in Persian mythology. Same as Yezad (q.v.).

Oroonda'tes (5 syl.), only son of a Scythian king, whose love for Statīra (widow of Alexander the Great) led him into numerous dangers and difficulties, which, however, he surmounted.—La Calprenède, Cassandra (a romance).

Oroono'ko (Prince), son and heir of the king of Angola, and general of the forces. He was decoyed by Captain Driver aboard his ship; his suite of twenty men were made drunk with rum; the ship weighed anchor; and the prince, with all his men, were sold as slaves in one of the West Indian Islands. Here Oroonoko met Imoin'da (3 syl.), his wife, from whom he had been separated, and whom he thought was dead. He headed a rising of the slaves, and the lieutenant-governor tried to seduce Imoinda. The result was that Imoinda killed herself, and Oroonoko (3 syl.) slew first the lieutenant-governor and then himself. Mrs. Aphra Behn became acquainted with the prince at Surinam, and made the story of his life the basis of a novel, which Thomas Southern dramatized (1696).

Orozem'bo, a brave and dauntless old Peruvian. When captured and brought before the Spanish invaders, Orozembo openly defied them, and refused to give any answer to their questions (act i. 1).—Sheridan, Pizarro (altered from Kotzebue, 1799).

Orpas, once archbishop at Sev'ille. At the overthrow of the Gothic kingdom in Spain, Orpas joined the Moors and turned Moslem. Of all the renegades "the foulest and the falsest wretch was he that e'er renounced his baptism." He wished to marry Florinda, daughter of Count Julian, in order to secure "her wide domains;" but Florinda loathed him. In the Moorish council Orpas advised Abulcacem to cut off Count Julian, "whose power but served him for fresh treachery; false to Roderick first, and to the caliph now." This advice was acted on; but, as the villain left the tent, Abulcacem muttered to himself, "Look for a like reward thyself; that restless head of wickedness in the grave will brood no treason."—Southey, Roderick, etc., xx., xxii. (1814).

Orphan of China, a drama by Murphy. Zaphimri, the sole survivor of the royal race of China, was committed in infancy to Zamti, the mandarin, that he might escape from the hand of Ti'murkan', the Tartar conqueror. Zamti brought up Zaphimri as his son, and sent Hamet, his real son, to Corea, where he was placed under the charge of Morat. Twenty years afterwards, Hamet led a band of insurgents against Timurkan, was seized, and ordered to be put to death under the notion that he was "the orphan of China." Zaphimri, hearing thereof, went to the Tartar and declared that he, not Hamet, was the real prince; whereupon Timurkan ordered Zamti and his wife, Mandānê, with Hamet and Zaphimri, to be seized. Zamti and Mandanê were ordered to the torture, to wring from them the truth. In the interim, a party of insurgent Chinese rushed into the palace, killed the king, and established "the orphan of China" on the throne of his fathers (1759).

Orphan of the Frozen Sea, Martha, the daughter of Ralph de Lascours (captain of the Uran'ia) and his wife, Louise. The crew having rebelled, the three, with their servant, Bar'abas, were cast adrift in a boat, which ran on an iceberg in the Frozen Sea. Ralph thought it was a small island, but the iceberg broke up, both Ralph and his wife were drowned, but Barabas and Martha escaped. Martha was taken by an Indian tribe, which brought her up and named her Orgari'ta ("withered wheat"), from her white complexion. In Mexico she met with her sister, Diana, and her grandmother, Mde. de Theringe (2 syl.), and probably married Horace de Brienne.—E. Stirling, Orphan of the Frozen Sea (1856).

Orphan of the Temple, Marie Thérèse Charlotte, duchess d'Angoulême, daughter of Louis XVI.; so called from the Temple, where she was imprisoned. She was called "The Modern Antig'onê" by her uncle, Louis XVIII.

Orphant Annie. A bound girl, who is credited by l'enfant terrible of the household with the goblin-lore he lavishes upon a visitor, this being the moral:

"You better mind yer parents and yer teachers fond and dear, An' churish 'em 'at loves you an' dry the orphant's tear, An' he'p the poor an' needy ones 'at clusters all about, Er the gobble-uns 'll git you Ef you Don't Watch Out!"

James Whitcomb Riley, The Boss Girl and Other Sketches (1886).

Orpheus. (For a parallel fable, see WAINAMOINEN.)

Orpheus and Eurydice (4 syl.), Glück's best opera (Orfeo). Libretto by Calzabigi, who also wrote for Glück the libretto of Alceste (1767). King produced an English version of Orpheus and Eurydice.

[Asterism] The tale is introduced by Pope in his St. Cecilia's Ode.

Of Orpheus now no more let poets tell, To bright Cecilia greater power is given; His numbers raised a shade from hell, Hers lift the soul to heaven.

Pope, St. Cecilia's Day (1709).

Orpheus of Highwaymen, John Gay, author of The Beggar's Opera (1688-1732).

Orpheus of the Green Isle (The), Furlough[TN-50] O'Carolan, poet and musician (1670-1738).

Or'raca (Queen), wife of Affonso II. The legend says that five friars of Morocco, went to her, and said, "Three things we prophesy to you: (1) we five shall all suffer martyrdom; (2) our bodies will be brought to Coimbra; and (3) which ever see our relics the first, you or the king, will die the same day." When their bodies were brought to Coimba,[TN-51] the king told Queen Orraca she must join the procession with him. She pleaded illness, but Affonso replied the relics would cure her; so they started on their journey. As they were going, the queen told the king to speed on before, as she could not travel so fast; so he speeded on with his retinue, and started a boar on the road. "Follow him!" cried the king, and they went after the boar and killed it. In the mean time, the queen reached the procession, fully expecting her husband had joined it long ago; but lo! she beheld him riding up with great speed. That night the king was aroused at midnight with the intelligence that the queen was dead.—Southey, Queen Orraca (1838); Francisco Manoel da Esperança, Historia Sarafica (eightteenth[TN-52] century).

Orrock (Puggie), a sheriff's officer at Fairport.—Sir W. Scott, The Antiquary (time, George III.).

Orsin, one of the leaders of the rabble rout that attacked Hudibras at the bear-baiting.—S. Butler, Hudibras (1663).

Orsi'ni (Maffio), a young Italian nobleman, whose life was saved by Genna'ro at the battle of Rim'ini. Orsini became the fast friend of Gennaro, but both were poisoned by the Princess Neg'roni at a banquet.—Donizetti, Lucrezia di Borgia (opera, 1834).

Orsi'no, duke of Illyria, who sought the love of Olivia, a rich countess; but Olivia gave no encouragement to his suit, and the duke moped and pined, leaving manly sports for music and other effeminate employments. Viola entered the duke's service as a page, and soon became a great favorite. When Olivia married Sebastian (Viola's brother), and the sex of Viola became known, the duke married her, and made her duchess of Illyria.—Shakespeare, Twelfth Night (1614).

Orson, twin brother of Valentine, and son of Bellisant. The twin-brothers were born in a wood near Orleans, and Orson was carried off by a bear, which suckled him with its cubs. When he grew up he became the terror of France, and was called "The Wild Man of the Forest." Ultimately, he was reclaimed by his brother Valentine, overthrew the Green Knight, and married Fezon, daughter of the duke of Savary, in Aquitane.—Valentine and Orson (fifteenth century).

Orson and Ellen. Young Orson was a comely young farmer from Taunton, stout as an oak, and very fond of the lasses, but he hated matrimony, and used to say, "the man who can buy milk is a fool to keep a cow." While still a lad, Orson made love to Ellen, a rustic maiden; but, in the fickleness of youth, forsook her for a richer lass, and Ellen left the village, wandered far away, and became waiting maid to old Boniface, the innkeeper. One day Orson happened to stop at this very inn, and Ellen waited on him. Five years had passed since they had seen each other, and at first neither knew the other. When, however, the facts were known, Orson made Ellen his wife, and their marriage feast was given by Boniface himself.—Peter Pindar [Dr. Wolcot], Orson and Ellen (1809).

Ortel'lius (Abraham), a Dutch geographer, who published in 1570, his Theatrum Orbis Terrae, or Universal Geography (1527-1598).

I more could tell to prove the place our own, Than by his spacious maps are by Ortellius shown.

Drayton, Polyolbion, vi. (1612).

Ortheris, cockney companion of Mulvaney. He suffers violently from homesickness in India.—Rudyard Kipling, Soldiers Three.

Orthodoxy. When Lord Sandwich said, "he did not know the difference between orthodoxy and heterodoxy," Warburton, bishop of Gloucester, replied, "Orthodoxy, my lord, is my doxy, and heterodoxy is another man's doxy."

Orthodoxy (The Father of), Athanasius (296-373).

Orthrus, the two-headed dog of Euryt'ion, the herdsman of Geryon'eo. It was the progeny of Typha'on and Echidna.

With his two-headed dogge that Orthrus hight, Orthrus begotten by great Typhaon And foule Echidna in the house of Night.

Spenser, Faëry Queen, v., 10 (1596).

Ortwine (2 syl.), knight of Metz, sister's son of Sir Hagan of Trony, a Burgundian.—The Nibelungen Lied (eleventh century).

Or'ville (Lord), the amiable and devoted lover of Evelina, whom he ultimately marries.—Miss Burney, Evelina (1778).

Osbaldistone (Mr.), a London merchant.

Frank Osbaldistone, his son, in love with Diana Vernon, whom he marries.

Sir Hildebrand Osbaldistone, of Osbaldistone Hall, uncle of Frank, his heir.

His Sons were: Percival, "the sot;" Thorncliffe, "the bully;" John, "the gamekeeper;" Richard, "the horse-jockey:"[TN-53] Wilfred, "the fool;" and Rashleigh, "the scholar," a perfidious villain killed by Rob Roy.—Sir W. Scott, Rob Roy (time, George I.).

Rob Roy Macgregor was dramatized by Pocock.

Osborne (Mr.), a hard, money-loving, purse-proud, wealthy London merchant, whose only gospel was that "according to Mammon." He was a widower, and his heart of hearts was to see his son, Captain George, marry a rich mulatto. While his neighbor, Sedley, was prosperous, old Sedley encouraged the love-making of George and Miss Sedley; but when old Sedley failed, and George dared to marry the bankrupt's daughter, to whom he was engaged, the old merchant disinherited him. Captain George fell on the field of Waterloo, but the heart of old Osborne would not relent, and he allowed the widow to starve in abject poverty. He adopted, however, the widow's son George, and brought him up in absurd luxury and indulgence. A more detestable cad than old Sedley cannot be imagined.

Maria and Jane Osborne, daughters of the merchant, and of the same mould. Maria married Frederick Bullock, a banker's son.

Captain George Osborne, son of the merchant; selfish, vain, extravagant, and self-indulgent. He was engaged to Amelia Sedley, while her father was in prosperity, and Captain Dobbin induced him to marry her after the father was made a bankrupt. Happily, George fell on the field of Waterloo, or one would never vouch for his conjugal fidelity.—Thackeray, Vanity Fair (1848).

Oscar, son of Ossian and grandson of Fingal. He was engaged to Malvi'na, daughter of Toscar, but before the day of marriage arrived, he was slain in Ulster, fighting against Cairbar, who had treacherously invited him to a banquet and then slew him, A.D. 296. Oscar is represented as most brave, warm-hearted, and impetuous, most submissive to his father, tender to Malvina, and a universal favorite.

Oscar Roused from Sleep. "Caolt took up a huge stone and hurled it on the hero's head. The hill for three miles round shook with the reverberation of the blow, and the stone, rebounding, rolled out of sight. Whereupon Oscar awoke, and told Caolt to reserve his blows for his enemies."

Gun thog Caoilte a chlach nach gàn, Agus a n' aighai' chiean gun bhuail; Tri mil an tulloch gun chri.

Gaelic Romances.

Oscar Dubourg. Amiable, affectionate young fellow, betrothed to blind Lucilla Finch. To cure the epilepsy attendant upon an injury to his head, he takes nitrate of silver, concealing the discoloration of his complexion caused by the drug from the knowledge of his betrothed, who has a nervous horror of ugliness and deformity. When she regains her sight, he leaves her because he dares not disclose the truth that she has mistaken his brother for himself, and does not enter her presence until her sight again leaves her.—Wilkie Collins, Poor Miss Finch.

Os'ewald (3 syl.), the reeve, of "the carpenteres craft," an old man.—Chaucer, Canterbury Tales (1388).

Oseway (Dame), the ewe, in the beast-epic of Reynard the Fox (1498).

O'Shanter (Tam), a farmer, who, returning home from Ayr very late and well-soaked with liquor, had to pass the kirk of Alloway. Seeing it was illuminated, he peeped in, and saw there the witches and devils dancing, while old Clootie was blowing the bagpipes. Tam got so excited that he roared out to one of the dancers, "Weel done, Cutty Sark!" In a moment all was dark. Tam now spurred his "grey mare Meg" to the top of her speed, while all the fiends chased after him. The river Doon was near, and Tam just reached the middle of the bridge when one of the witches, whom he called Cutty Sark, reached him; but it was too late—he had passed the middle of the stream, and was out of the power of the crew. Not so his mare's tail—that had not yet passed the magic line, and Cutty Sark, clinging thereto, dragged it off with an infernal wrench.—R. Burns, Tam O'Shanter.

Osi'ris, judge of the dead, brother and husband of Isis. Osiris is identical with Adonis and Thammuz. All three represent the sun, six months above the equator, and six months below it. Adonis passed six months with Aphrodītê in heaven, and six months with Persephŏnê in hell. So Osiris in heaven was the beloved of Isis, but in the land of darkness was embraced by Nepthys.

Osiris, the sun; Isis, the moon.

They [the priests] wore rich mitres shaped like the moon, To show that Isis doth the moon portend, Like as Osiris signifies the sun.

Spenser, Faëry Queen, v. 7 (1596).

Osman, sultan of the East, the great conqueror of the Christians, a man of most magnanimous mind and of noble generosity. He loved Zara, a young Christian captive, and was by her beloved with equal ardor and sincerity. Zara was the daughter of Lusignan d'Outremer, a Christian king of Jerusalem; she was taken prisoner by Osman's father, with her elder brother, Nerestan, then four years old. After twenty years' captivity, Nerestan was sent to France for ransom, and on his return presented himself before the sultan, who fancied he perceived a sort of intimacy between the young man and Zara, which excited his suspicion and jealousy. A letter, begging that Zara would meet him in a "secret passage" of the seraglio, fell into the sultan's hands, and confirmed his suspicions. Zara went to the rendezvous, where Osman met her and stabbed her to the heart. Nerestan was soon brought before him, and told him he had murdered his sister, and all he wanted of her was to tell her of the death of her father, and to bring her his dying benediction. Stung with remorse, Osman liberated all his Christian captives, and then stabbed himself.—Aaron Hill, Zara (1735).

[Asterism] This tragedy is an English adaptation of Voltaire's Zaïre (1733).

Osmand, a necromancer, who, by enchantment, raised up an army to resist the Christians. Six of the champions were enchanted by Osmand, but St. George restored them. Osmand tore off his hair, in which lay his spirit of enchantment, bit his tongue in two, disembowelled himself, cut off his arms, and died.—R. Johnson, Seven Champions of Christendom, i. 19 (1617).

Osmond, an old Varangian guard.—Sir W. Scott, Count Robert of Paris (time, Rufus).

Osmond (Gilbert), the incarnation of polished selfishness. He deserts one woman, who has sacrificed everything for him, and marries Isabel Archer for her money; eyes his only child as he might a pretty puppet, and sends her back to her convent upon finding that she will not increase his social consequence by marrying an English nobleman.—Henry James, Jr., Portrait of a Lady (1881).

Osmyn, alias ALPHONSO, son of Anselmo, king of Valentia, and husband of Alme'ria, daughter of Manuel, king of Grana'da. Supposed to have been lost at sea, but in reality cast on the African coast, and tended by Queen Zara, who falls in love with him. Both are taken captive by Manuel, and brought to Granada. Here Manuel falls in love with Zara, but Zara retains her passionate love for Alphonso. Alphonso makes his escape, returns at the head of an army to Granada, finds both the king and Zara dead, but Almeria, being still alive, becomes his acknowledged bride.—W. Congreve, The Mourning Bride (1697).

Osric, a court fop, contemptible for his affectation and finical dandyism. He is made umpire by King Claudius, when Laertês and Hamlet "play" with rapiers in "friendly" combat.—Shakespeare, Hamlet (1596).

Osse'o, son of the Evening Star, whose wife was O'weenee. In the Northland there were once ten sisters of surpassing beauty; nine married beautiful young husbands, but the youngest, named Oweenee, fixed her affections on Osseo, who was "old, poor and ugly," but "most beautiful within." All being invited to a feast, the nine set upon their youngest sister, taunting her for having married Osseo; but forthwith Osseo leaped into a fallen oak, and was transformed into a most handsome young man, his wife to a very old woman, "wrinkled and ugly," but his love changed not. Soon another change occurred; Oweenee resumed her former beauty, and all the sisters and their husbands were changed to birds, who were kept in cages about Osseo's wigwam. In due time a son was born, and one day he shot an arrow at one of the caged birds, and forthwith the nine, with their husbands, were changed to pygmies.

From the story of Osseo Let [us] learn the fate of jesters.

Longfellow, Hiawatha, xii. (1855).

Ossian, the warrior-bard. He was son of Fingal (king of Morven) and his first wife, Ros-crana (daughter of Cormac, king of Ireland).

His wife was Evir-Allen, daughter of Branno (a native of Ireland); and his son was Oscar.

Oswald, steward to Goneril, daughter of King Lear.—Shakespeare, King Lear (1605).

Oswald, the cup-bearer to Cedric, the Saxon, of Rotherwood.—Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.).

Oswald (Prince), being jealous of Gondibert, his rival for the love of Rhodalind (the heiress of Aribert, king of Lombardy), headed a faction against him. A battle was imminent, but it was determined to decide the quarrel by four combatants on each side. In this combat Oswald was slain by Grondibert.[TN-54]—Sir W. Davenant, Gondibert, i. (died 1668).

Othel'lo, the Moor, commander of the Venetian army. Iago was his ensign or ancient. Desdemona, the daughter of Brabantio, the senator, fell in love with the Moor, and he married her; but Iago, by his artful villainy, insinuated to him such a tissue of circumstantial evidence of Desdemona's love for Cassio, that Othello's jealousy being aroused, he smothered her with a pillow, and then killed himself.—Shakespeare, Othello (1611).

[Asterism] The story of this tragedy is taken from the novelletti of Giovanni Giraldi Cinthio (died 1573).

Addison says of Thomas Betterton (1635-1710): "The wonderful agony which he appeared in when he examined the circumstance of the handkerchief in the part of 'Othello,' and the mixture of love that intruded on his mind at the innocent answers of 'Desdemona,' ... were the perfection of acting." Donaldson, in his Recollections, says that Spranger Barry (1719-1777) was the beau-ideal of an "Othello;" and C. Leslie, in his Autobiography, says the same of Edmund Kean (1787-1833).

Otho, the lord at whose board Count Lara was recognized by Sir Ezzelin. A duel was arranged for the next day, and the contending parties were to meet in Lord Otho's hall. When the time of meeting arrived, Lara presented himself, but no Sir Ezzelin put in his appearance; whereupon Otho, vouching for the knight's honor, fought with the count, and was wounded. On recovering from his wound, Lord Otho became the inveterate enemy of Lara, and accused him openly of having made away with Sir Ezzelin. Lara made himself very popular, and headed a rebellion; but Lord Otho opposed the rebels, and shot him.—Byron, Lara (1814).

Otnit, a legendary emperor of Lombardy, who gains the daughter of the soldan for wife, by the help of Elberich, the dwarf.—The Heldenbuch (twelfth century).

Otranto (Tancred, prince of), a crusader.

Ernest of Otranto, page of the prince of Otranto.—Sir W. Scott, Count Robert of Paris (time, Rufus).

Otranto (The Castle of), a romance by Horace Walpole (1769).

O'Trigger (Sir Lucius), a fortune-hunting Irishman, ready to fight every one, on any matter, at any time.—Sheridan, The Rivals (1775).

Otta'vio (Don), the lover of Donna Anna, whom he was about to make his wife, when Don Giovanni seduced her and killed her father (the commandant of the city) in a duel.—Mozart, Don Giovanni (opera, 1787).

Otto, duke of Normandy, the victim of Rollo, called "The Bloody Brother."—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Bloody Brother (1639).

Ot'uel (Sir), a haughty and presumptuous Saracen, miraculously converted. He was a nephew of Ferragus or Ferracute, and married a daughter of Charlemagne.

Ouida, an infantile corruption of Louisa. The full name is Louise de la Ramée, authoress of Under Two Flags (1867), and many other novels.

Outalissi, eagle of the Indian tribe of Onei'da, the death-enemies of the Hurons. When the Hurons attacked the fort under the command of Waldegrave (2 syl.), a general massacre was made, in which Waldegrave and his wife was[TN-55] slain. But Mrs. Waldegrave, before she died, committed her boy, Henry, to the charge of Outalissi, and told him to place the child in the hands of Albert of Wy'oming, her friend. This Outalissi did. After a lapse of fifteen years, one Brandt, at the head of a mixed army of British and Indians, attacked Oneida, and a general massacre was made; but Outalissi, wounded, escaped to Wyoming, just in time to give warning of the approach of Brandt. Scarcely was this done, when Brandt arrived. Albert and his daughter, Gertrude, were both shot, and the whole settlement was extirpated.—Campbell, Gertrude of Wyoming (1809).

Outis (Greek for "nobody"), a name assumed by Odysseus (Ulysses) in the cave of Polypheme (3 syl.). When the monster roared with pain from the loss of his eye, his brother giants demanded who was hurting him. "Outis" (Nobody), thundered out Polypheme, and his companions left him.—Homer, Odyssey.

Outram (Lance), park-keeper to Sir Geoffrey Peveril.—Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.).

Overdees (Rowley), a highwayman.—Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George II.).

O'verdo (Justice), in Ben Jonson's Bartholomew Fair (1614).

Overdone (Mistress), a bawd.—Shakespeare, Measure for Measure (1603).

Overreach (Sir Giles), Wellborn's uncle. An unscrupulous, hard-hearted rascal, grasping and proud. He ruined the estates both of Wellborn and Allworth, and by overreaching grew enormously rich. His ambition was to see his daughter Margaret marry a peer; but the overreacher was overreached. Thinking Wellborn was about to marry the rich dowager Allworth, he not only paid all his debts, but supplied his present wants most liberally, under the delusion "if she prove his, all that is her's is mine." Having thus done, he finds that Lady Allworth does not marry Wellborn, but Lord Lovell. In regard to Margaret, fancying she was sure to marry Lord Lovell, he gives his full consent to her marriage; but finds she returns from church not Lady Lovell, but Mrs. Allworth.—Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old Debts (1628).