The most formidable of all is the great red ant or Dimiya.[1] It is particularly abundant in gardens, and on fruit trees; it constructs its dwellings by glueing the leaves of such species as are suitable from their shape and pliancy into hollow balls, which it lines with a kind of transparent paper, like that manufactured by the wasp. I have watched them at the interesting operation of forming their dwellings;—a line of ants standing on the edge of one leaf bring another into contact with it, and hold both together with their mandibles till their companions within attach them firmly by means of their adhesive paper, the assistants outside moving along as the work proceeds. If it be necessary to draw closer a leaf too distant to be laid hold of by the immediate workers, they form a chain by depending one from the other till the object is reached, when it is at length brought into contact, and made fast by cement.

[Footnote 1: Formica smaragdina, Fab.]

Like all their race, these ants are in perpetual motion, forming lines on the ground along which they pass, in continual procession to and from the trees on which they reside. They are the most irritable of the whole order in Ceylon, biting with such intense ferocity as to render it difficult for the unclad natives to collect the fruit from, the mango trees, which the red ants especially frequent. They drop from the branches upon travellers in the jungle, attacking them with venom and fury, and inflicting intolerable pain both upon animals and man. On examining the structure of the head through a microscope, I found that the mandibles, instead of merely meeting in contact, are so hooked as to cross each other at the points, whilst the inner line is sharply serrated throughout its entire length; thus occasioning the intense pain of their bite, as compared with that of the ordinary ant.

To check the ravages of the coffee bug (Lecanium coffeoe, Walker), which for some years past has devastated some of the plantations in Ceylon, the experiment was made of introducing the red ants, who feed greedily on the Coccus. But the remedy threatened to be attended with some inconvenience, for the Malabar Coolies, with bare and oiled skins, were so frequently and fiercely assaulted by the ants as to endanger their stay on the estates.

The ants which burrow in the ground in Ceylon are generally, but not invariably, black, and some of them are of considerable size. One species, about the third of an inch in length, is abundant in the hills, and especially about the roots of trees, where they pile up the earth in circular heaps round the entrance to their nests, and in doing this I have observed a singular illustration of their instinct. To carry up each particle of sand by itself would be an endless waste of labour, and to carry two or more loose ones securely would be to them embarrassing, if not impossible; they therefore overcome the difficulty by glueing together with their saliva so much earth or sand as is sufficient for a burden, and each one may be seen hurrying up from below with his load, carrying it to the top of the circular heap outside, and throwing it over, whilst it is so strongly attached as to roll to the bottom without breaking asunder.

The ants I have been here describing are inoffensive, differing in this particular from the Dimiya and another of similar size and ferocity, which is called by the Singhalese Kaddiya; and they have a legend illustrative of their alarm for the bites of the latter, to the effect that the cobra de capello invested the Kaddiya with her own venom in admiration of the singular courage displayed by these little creatures.[1]

[Footnote 1: KNOX'S Historical Relation of Ceylon, pt i. ch vi. p. 23.]

LEPIDOPTERA. Butterflies.—Butterflies in the interior of the island are comparatively rare, and, contrary to the ordinary belief, they are seldom to be seen in the sunshine, They frequent the neighbourhood of the jungle, and especially the vicinity of the rivers and waterfalls, living mainly in the shade of the moist foliage, and returning to it in haste after the shortest flights, as if their slender bodies were speedily dried up and exhausted by the exposure to the intense heat.

Among the largest and most gaudy of the Ceylon Lepidoptera is the great black and yellow butterfly (Ornithoptera darsius, Gray); the upper wings, of which measure six inches across, are of deep velvet black, the lower, ornamented by large particles of satiny yellow, through which the sunlight passes, and few insects can compare with it in beauty, as it hovers over the flowers of the heliotrope, which furnish the favourite food of the perfect fly, although the caterpillar feeds on the aristolochia and the betel leaf and suspends its chrysalis from its drooping tendrils.

Next in size as to expanse of wing, though often exceeding it in breadth, is the black and blue Papilio Polymnestor, which darts rapidly through the air, alighting on the ruddy flowers of the hibiscus, or the dark green foliage of the citrus, on which it deposits its eggs. The larvae of this species are green with white bands, and have a hump on the fourth or fifth segment. From this hump the caterpillar, on being irritated, protrudes a singular horn of an orange colour, bifurcate at the extremity, and covered with a pungent mucilaginous secretion. This is evidently intended as a weapon of defence against the attack of the ichneumon flies, that deposit their eggs in its soft body, for when the grub is pricked, either by the ovipositor of the ichneumon, or by any other sharp instrument, the horn is at once protruded, and struck upon the offending object with unerring aim.

Amongst the more common of the larger butterflies is the P. Hector, with gorgeous crimson spots set in the black velvet of the inferior wings; these, when fresh, are shot with a purple blush, equalling in splendour the azure of the European "Emperor."

Another butterfly, but belonging to a widely different group, is the "sylph" (Hestia Jasonia), called by the Europeans by the various names of Floater, Spectre, and Silver-paper-fly, as indicative of its graceful flight. It is found only in the deep shade of the damp forest, frequenting the vicinity of pools of water and cascades, about which it sails heedless of the spray, the moisture of which may even be beneficial in preserving the elasticity of its thin and delicate wings, that bend and undulate in the act of flight.

The Lycoenidoe[1], a particularly attractive group, abound near the enclosures of cultivated grounds, and amongst the low shrubs edging the patenas, flitting from flower to flower, inspecting each in turn, and as if attracted by their beauty, in the full blaze of sun-light; and shunning exposure less sedulously than the other diurnals. Some of the more robust kinds[2] are magnificent in the bright light, from the splendour of their metallic blues and glowing purples, but they yield in elegance of form and variety to their tinier and more delicately-coloured congeners.

[Footnote 1: Lycana polyommatus, &c.]

[Footnote 2: Amblypodia pseudocentaurus, &c.]

Short as is the eastern twilight, it has its own peculiar forms, and the naturalist marks with interest the small, but strong, Hesperiidoe,[1] hurrying, by abrupt and jerking flights, to the scented blossoms of the champac or the sweet night-blowing moon-flower; and, when darkness gathers around, we can hear, though hardly distinguish amid the gloom, the humming of the powerful wings of innumerable hawk moths, which hover with their long proboscides inserted into the starry petals of the periwinkle.

[Footnote 1: Pamphila hesperia, &c.]

Conspicuous amidst these nocturnal moths is the richly-coloured Acherontia Satanas, one of the Singhalese representatives of our Death's head moth, which utters a sharp and stridulous cry when seized. This sound has been variously conjectured to be produced by the friction of its thorax against the abdomen, and Reaumur believed it to be caused by rubbing the palpi against the tongue. I have never been able to observe either motion, and Mr. E. L. Layard is of opinion that the sound is emitted from two apertures concealed by tufts of wiry bristles thrown out from each side of the inferior portion of the thorax.[1]

[Footnote 1: There is another variety of the same moth in Ceylon which closely resembles it in its markings, but I have never detected in it the utterance of this curious cry. It is smaller than the A. Satanas, and, like it, often enters dwellings at night, attracted by the lights; but I have not found its larvae, although that of the other species is common on several widely different plants.]

Moths.—Among the strictly nocturnal Lepidoptera are some gigantic species. Of these the cinnamon-eating Atlas, often attains the dimensions of nearly a foot in the stretch of its superior wings. It is very common in the gardens about Colombo, and its size, and the transparent talc-like spots in its wings cannot fail to strike even the most careless saunterer. But little inferior to it in size is the famed Tusseh silk moth[1], which feeds on the country almond (Terminalia catappa) and the palma Christi or Castor-oil plant; it is easily distinguishable from the Atlas, which has a triangular wing, whilst its [wing] is falcated, and the transparent spots are covered with a curious thread-like division drawn across them.

[Footnote 1: Antheroea mylitta, Drury.]

Towards the northern portions of the island this valuable species entirely displaces the other, owing to the fact that the almond and palma Christi abound there. The latter plant springs up spontaneously on every manure-heap or neglected spot of ground; and might be cultivated, as in India, with great advantage, the leaf to be used as food for the caterpillar, the stalk as fodder for cattle, and the seed for the expression of castor-oil. The Dutch took advantage of this facility, and gave every encouragement to the cultivation of silk at Jaffna[1], but it never attained such a development as to become an article of commercial importance. Ceylon now cultivates no silkworms whatever, notwithstanding this abundance of the favourite food of one species; and the rich silken robes sometimes worn by the Buddhist priesthood are still imported from China and the continent of India.

[Footnote 1: The Portuguese had made the attempt previous to the arrival of the Dutch, and a strip of land on the banks of the Kalany river near Colombo, still bears the name of Orta Seda, the silk garden. The attempt of the Dutch to introduce the true silkworm, the Bombyx mori, took place under the governorship of Ryklof Van Goens, who, on handing over the administration to his successor in A.D. 1663, thus apprises him of the initiation of the experiment:—"At Jaffna Palace a trial has been undertaken to feed silkworms, and to ascertain whether silk may be reared at that station. I have planted a quantity of mulberry trees, which grow well there, and they ought to be planted in other directions."—VALENTYN, chap. xiii. The growth of the mulberry trees is noticed the year after in a report to the governor-general of India, but the subject afterwards ceased to be attended to.]

In addition to the Atlas moth and the Mylitta, there are many other Bombycidoe in Ceylon; and, though the silk of some of them, were it susceptible of being unwound from the cocoon, would not bear a comparison with that of the Bombyx mori, or even of the Tusseh moth, it might still prove to be valuable when carded and spun. If the European residents in the colony would rear the larvae of these Lepidoptera, and make drawings of their various changes, they would render a possible service to commerce, and a certain one to entomological knowledge.

The Wood-carrying Moth.—There is another family of insects, the singular habits of which will not fail to attract the traveller in the cultivated tracts of Ceylon—these are moths of the genus Oiketicus,[1] of which the females are devoid of wings, and some possess no articulated feet; the larvae construct for themselves cases, which they suspend to a branch frequently of the pomegranate,[2] surrounding them with the stems of leaves, and thorns or pieces of twigs bound together by threads, till the whole presents the appearance of a bundle of rods about an inch and a half long; and, from the resemblance of this to a Roman fasces, one African species has obtained the name of "Lictor." The German entomologists denominated the group Sack-traeger, the Singhalese call them Dalmea kattea or "billets of firewood," and regard the inmates as human beings, who, as a punishment for stealing wood in some former stage of existence, have been condemned to undergo a metempsychosis under the form of these insects.

[Footnote 1: Eumeta, Wlk.]

[Footnote 2: The singular instincts of a species of Thecla, Dipsas Isocrates, Fab., in connection with the fruit of the pomegranate, were fully described by Mr. Westwood, in a paper read before the Entomological Society of London in 1835.]

The male, at the close of the pupal rest, escapes from one end of this singular covering, but the female makes it her dwelling for life; moving about with it at pleasure, and entrenching herself within it, when alarmed, by drawing together the purse-like aperture at the open end. Of these remarkable creatures there are five ascertained species in Ceylon. Psyche Doubledaii, Westw.; Metisa plana, Walker; Eumeta Cramerii, Westw.; E. Templetonii, Westw.; and Cryptothelea consorta, Temp.

All the other tribes of minute Lepidoptera have abundant representatives in Ceylon; some of them most attractive from the great beauty of their markings and colouring. The curious little split-winged moth (Pterophorus) is frequently seen in the cinnamon gardens and the vicinity of the fort, resting in the noonday heat in the cool grass shaded by the coco-nut topes. Three species have been captured, all characterised by the same singular feature of having the wings fan-like, separated nearly their entire length into detached sections resembling feathers in the pinions of a bird expanded for flight.

HOMOPTERA. Cicada.—Of the Homoptera, the one which will most frequently arrest attention is the cicada, which, resting high up on the bark of a tree, makes the forest re-echo with a long-sustained noise so curiously resembling that of a cutler's wheel that the creature which produces it has acquired the highly-appropriate name of the "knife-grinder."

HEMIPTERA. Bugs.—On the shrubs in his compound the newly-arrived traveller will be attracted by an insect of a pale green hue and delicately-thin configuration, which, resting from its recent flight, composes its scanty wings, and moves languidly along the leaf. But experience will teach him to limit his examination to a respectful view of its attitudes; it is one of a numerous family of bugs, (some of them most attractive[1] in their colouring,) which are inoffensive if unmolested, but if touched or irritated, exhale an odour that, once perceived, is never after forgotten.

[Footnote 1: Such as Cantuo ocellatus, Leptopelis Marginalis, Callidea Stockerius, &c. &c. Of the aquatic species, the gigantic Belostoma Indicum cannot escape notice, attaining a size of nearly three inches.]

APHANIPTERA. Fleas.—Fleas are equally numerous, and may be seen in myriads in the dust of the streets or skipping in the sunbeams which fall on the clay floors of the cottages. The dogs, to escape them, select for their sleeping places spots where a wood fire has been previously kindled; and here prone on the white ashes, their stomachs close to the earth, and their hind legs extended behind, they repose in comparative coolness, and bid defiance to their persecutors.

DIPTERA. Mosquitoes.—But of all the insect pests that beset an unseasoned European the most provoking by far are the truculent mosquitoes.[1] Even in the midst of endurance from their onslaughts one cannot but be amused by the ingenuity of their movements; as if aware of the risk incident to an open assault, a favourite mode of attack is, when concealed by a table, to assail the ankles through the meshes of the blocking, or the knees which are ineffectually protected by a fold of Russian duck. When you are reading, a mosquito will rarely settle on that portion of your hand which is within range of your eyes, but cunningly stealing by the underside of the book fastens on the wrist or finger, and noiselessly inserts his proboscis there. I have tested the classical expedient recorded by Herodotus, who states that the fishermen inhabiting the fens of Egypt cover their beds with their nets, knowing that the mosquitoes, although they bite through linen robes, will not venture though a net.[2] But, notwithstanding the opinion of Spence,[3] that nets with meshes an inch square will effectually exclude them, I have been satisfied by painful experience that (if the theory is not altogether fallacious) at least the modern mosquitoes of Ceylon are uninfluenced by the same considerations which restrained those of the Nile under the successors of Cambyses.

[Footnote 1: Culex laniger? Wied. In Kandy Mr. Thwaites finds C. fuscanus, C. circumvolens, &c., and one with a most formidable hooked proboscis, to which he has assigned the appropriate name C. Regius.]

[Footnote 2: HERODOTUS, Euterpe, xcv.]

[Footnote 3: KIRBY and SPENCE'S Entomology, letter iv.]

List of Ceylon Insects.

For the following list of the insects of the island, and the remarks prefixed to it, I am indebted to Mr. F. Walker, by whom it has been prepared after a careful inspection of the collections made by Dr. Templeton, Mr. E.L. Layard, and others; as well as those in the British Museum and in the Museum of the East India Company.

"A short notice of the aspect of the Island will afford the best means of accounting, in some degree, for its entomological Fauna: first, as it is an island, and has a mountainous central region, the tropical character of its productions, as in most other cases, rather diminishes, and somewhat approaches that of higher latitudes.

"The coast-region of Ceylon, and fully one-third of its northern part, have a much drier atmosphere than that of the rest of its surface; and their climate and vegetation are nearly similar to those of the Carnatic, with which this island may have been connected at no very remote period.[1] But if, on the contrary, the land in Ceylon is gradually rising, the difference of its Fauna from that of Central Hindostan is less remarkable. The peninsula of the Dekkan might then be conjectured to have been nearly or wholly separated from the central part of Hindostan, and confined to the range of mountains along the eastern coast; the insect-fauna of which is as yet almost unknown, but will probably be found to have more resemblance to that of Ceylon than to the insects of northern and western India—just as the insect-fauna of Malaya appears more to resemble the similar productions of Australasia than those of the more northern continent.

[Footnote 1: On the subject of this conjecture see ante, Vol. I. Pt. I, ch. i. p. 7.]

"Mr. Layard's collection was partly formed in the dry northern province of Ceylon; and among them more Hindostan insects are to be observed than among those collected by Dr. Templeton, and found wholly in the district between Colombo and Kandy. According to this view the faunas of the Neilgherry Mountains, of Central Ceylon, of the peninsula of Malacca, and of Australasia would be found to form one group;—while those of Northern Ceylon, of the western Dekkan, and of the level parts of Central Hindostan would form another of more recent origin. The insect-fauna of the Carnatic is also probably similar to that of the lowlands of Ceylon; but it is still unexplored. The regions of Hindostan in which species have been chiefly collected, such as Bengal, Silhet, and the Punjaub, are at the distance of from 1,300 to 1,600 miles from Ceylon, and therefore the insects of the latter are fully as different from those of the above regions as they are from those of Australasia, to which Ceylon is as near in point of distance, and agrees more with regard to latitude.

"Dr. Hagen has remarked that he believes the fauna of the mountains of Ceylon to be quite different from that of the plains and of the shores. The south and west districts have a very moist climate, and as their vegetation is like that of Malabar, their insect-fauna will probably also resemble that of the latter region.

"The insects mentioned in the following list are thus distributed:—

Order COLEOPTERA.

"The recorded species of Cicindelidoe inhabit the plains or the coast country of Ceylon, and several of them are also found in Hindostan.

"Many of the species of Carabidoe and of Staphylinidoe, especially those collected by Mr. Thwaites, near Kandy, and by M. Nietner at Colombo, have much resemblance to the insects of these two families in North Europe; in the Scydmoenidoe, Ptiliadoe, Phalacridoe, Nitidulidoe, Colydiadoe, and Lathridiadoe the northern form is still more striking, and strongly contrasts with the tropical forms of the gigantic Copridoe, Buprestidoe, and Cerambycidoe, and with the Elateridoe, Lampyridoe, Tenebrionidoe, Helopidoe, Meloidoe, Curculionidoe, Prionidoe, Cerambycidoe, Lamiidoe, and Endomychidoe.

"The Copridoe, Dynastidoe, Melolonthidoe, Cetoniadoe, and Passalidoe are well represented on the plains and on the coast, and the species are mostly of a tropical character.

"The Hydrophilidoe have a more northern aspect, as is generally the case with aquatic species.

"The order Strepsiptera is here considered as belonging to the Mordellidoe, and is represented by the genus Myrmecolax, which is peculiar, as yet, to Ceylon.

"In the Curculionidoe the single species of Apion will recall to mind the great abundance of that genus in North Europe.

"The Prionidoe and the two following families have been investigated by Mr. Pascoe, and the Hispidoe, with the five following families, by Mr. Baly; these two gentlemen are well acquainted with the above tribes of beetles, and kindly supplied me with the names of the Ceylon species.

Order ORTHOPTERA.

"These insects in Ceylon have mostly a tropical aspect. The Physapoda, which will probably be soon incorporated with them, are likely to be numerous, though only one species has as yet been noticed.

Order NEUROPTERA.

"The list here given is chiefly taken from the catalogue published by Dr. Hagen, and containing descriptions of the species named by him or by M. Nietner. They were found in the most elevated parts of the island, near Rambodde, and Dr. Hagen informs me that not less than 500 species have been noticed in Ceylon, but that they are not yet recorded, with the exception of the species here enumerated. It has been remarked that the Trichoptera and other aquatic Neuroptera are less local than the land species, owing to the more equable temperature of the habitation of their larvae, and on account of their being often conveyed along the whole length of rivers. The species of Psocus in the list are far more numerous than those yet observed in any other country, with the exception of Europe.

Order HYMENOPTERA.

"In this order the Formicidoe and the Poneridoe are very numerous, as they are in other damp and woody tropical countries. Seventy species of ants have been observed, but as yet few of them have been named. The various other families of aculeate Hymenoptera are doubtless more abundant than the species recorded indicate, and it may be safely reckoned that the parasitic Hymenoptera in Ceylon far exceed one thousand species in number, though they are yet only known by means of about two dozen kinds collected at Kandy by Mr. Thwaites.

Order LEPIDOPTERA.

"The fauna of Ceylon is much better known in this order than in any other of the insect tribes, but as yet the Lepidoptera alone in their class afford materials for a comparison of the productions of Ceylon with those of Hindostan and of Australasia; 932 species have been collected by Dr. Templeton and by Mr. Layard in the central, western, and northern parts of the island. All the families, from the Papilionidoe to the Tineidoe, abound, and numerous species and several genera appear, as yet, to be peculiar to the island. As Ceylon is situate at the entrance to the eastern regions, the list in this volume will suitably precede the descriptive catalogues of the heterocerous Lepidoptera of Hindostan, Java, Borneo, and of other parts of Australasia, which are being prepared for publication. In some of the heterocerous families several species are common to Ceylon and to Australasia, and in various cases the faunas of Ceylon and of Australasia seem to be more similar than those of Ceylon and of Hindostan. The long intercourse between those two regions may have been the means of conveying some species from one to the other. Among the Pyralites, Hymenia recurvalis inhabits also the West Indies, South America, West Africa, Hindostan, China, Australasia, Australia, and New Zealand; and its food-plant is probably some vegetable which is cultivated in all those regions; so also Desmia afflictalis is found in Sierra Leone, Ceylon, and China.

Order DIPTERA.

"About fifty species were observed by Dr. Templeton, but most of those here recorded were collected by Mr. Thwaites at Kandy, and have a great likeness to North European species.

"The mosquitoes are very annoying on account of their numbers, as might be expected from the moisture and heat of the climate. Culex laniger is the coast species, and the other kinds here mentioned are from Kandy. Humboldt observed that in some parts of South America each stream had its peculiar mosquitoes, and it yet remains to be seen whether the gnats in Ceylon are also thus restricted in their habitation. The genera Sciara, Cecidomyia, and Simulium, which abound so exceedingly in temperate countries, have each one representative species in the collection made by Mr. Thwaites. Thus an almost new field remains for the Entomologist in the study of the yet unknown Singhalese Diptera, which must be very numerous.

Order HEMIPTERA.

"The species of this order in the list are too few and too similar to those of Hindustan to need any particular mention. Lecanium coffeoe may be noticed, on account of its infesting the coffee plant, as its name indicates, and the ravages of other species of the genus will be remembered, from the fact that one of them, in other regions, has put a stop to the cultivation of the orange as an article of commerce.

"In conclusion, it may be observed that the species of insects in Ceylon may be estimated as exceeding 10,000 in number, of which about 2,000 are enumerated in this volume.

Class ARACHNIDA.

"Four or five species of spiders, of which the specimens cannot be satisfactorily described; one Ixodes and one Chelifer have been forwarded to England from Ceylon by Mr. Thwaites."

NOTE.—The asterisk prefixed denotes the species discovered in Ceylon since Sir J.E. Tennent's departure from the Island in 1849.

ORDER, Coleoptera, Linn.

Fam. CICINDELIDAE, Steph. Cicindela, Linn. flavopunctata, Aud. discrepans, Wlk. aurofasciata, Guer. quadrilineata, Fabr. biramosa, Fabr. catena, Fabr. *insignificans, Dohrn. Tricondyla, Latr. femorata, Wlk. *tumidula, Wlk. *scitiscabra, Wlk. *concinna, Dohrn.

Fam. CARABIDAE, Leach. Casnouia, Latr. *punctata, Niet. *pilifera, Niet. Ophionea, Klug. *cyanocephala, Fabr. Euplynes, Niet. Dohrnii, Niet. Heteroglossa, Niet. *elegans, Niet. *ruficollis, Niet. *bimaculata, Niet. Zuphium, Latr.. *pubescens, Niet. Pheropsophus, Solier. Catoirei, Dej. bimaculatus, Fabr. Cymindis, Latr.. rufiventris, Wlk. Anchista, Niet. *modesta, Niet. Dromius, Bon. marginifer, Wlk. repandens, Wlk. Lebia, Latr. bipars, Wlk. Creagris, Niet. labrosa, Niet. Elliotia, Niet. pallipes, Niet. Maraga, Wlk.. planigera, Wlk. Catascopus, Kirby. facialis, Wied. reductus, Wlk. Scarites, Fabr. obliterans, Wlk. subsignans, Wlk. designans, Wlk. *minor, Niet. Clivina, Latr. *rugosifrons, Niet. *elongatula, Niet. *maculata, Niet. recta, Wlk. Leistus, Froehl. linearis, Wlk. Isotarsus, Laferte. quadrimaculatus, Oliv. Panagaeeus, Latr. retractus, Wlk. Chlaenius, Bon.. bimaculatus, Dej. diffinis, Reiche. *Ceylanicus, Niet. *quinque-maculatus, Niet. pulcher, Niet. cupricollis, Niet. rugulosus, Niet. Anchomenus, Bon. illocatus, Wlk. Agonum, Bon. placidulum, Wlk. Colpodes? Macl. marginicollis, Wlk. Argutor, Meg.. degener, Wlk. relinquens, Wlk. Simphyus, Niet. *unicolor, Niet. Bradytus, Steph. stolidus, Wlk. Curtonotus, Steph. compositus, Wlk. Harpalus, Latr. *advolans, Niet. dispellens, Wlk. Calodromus, Niet. *exornatus, Niet. Megaristerus, Niet. *mandibularis, Niet. *stenolophoides, Niet. *Indicus, Niet. Platysma, Bon. retinens, Wlk. Morio, Latr. trogositoides, Wlk. cucujoides, Wlk. Barysomus, Dej *Gyllenhalii, Dej. Oodes, Bon. *piceus, Niet. Selenophorus, Dej. infixus, Wlk. Orthogonius, Dej. femoratus, Dej. Helluodes, Westw. Taprobanae, Westw. Physocrotaphus, Parry. Ceylonicus, Parry. *minax, West. Psysodera, Esch. Eschscholtzii, Parry. Omphra, Latr. *ovipennis, Reiche. Planetes, Macl. bimaculatus, Macleay. Cardiaderus, Dej. scitus, Wlk. Distrigus, Dej. *costatus, Niet. *submetallicus, Niet. *rufopiceus, Niet. *aeeneus, Niet. *Dejeani, Niet. Drimostoma, Dej. *Ceylanicum, Niet. *marginale, Wlk. Cyclosomus, Latr. flexuosus, Fabr. Ochthephilus, Niet. *Ceylanicus, Niet. Spathinus, Niet. *nigriceps, Niet. Acupalpus, Latr. derogatus, Wlk. extremus, Wlk. Bembidium, Latr. finitimum, Wlk. *opulentum, Niet. *truncatum, Niet. *tropicum, Niet. *triangalare, Niet. *Ceylanicum, Niet. Klugii, Niet. *ebeninum, Niet. *orientale, Niet. *emarginatum, Niet. *ornatum, Niet. *scydmaenoides, Niet.

Fam. PAUSSIDAE, Westw. Cerapterus, Swed. latipes, Swed. Pleuropterus, West. Westermanni, West. Paussus, Linn. pacificus, West.

Fam. DYTISCIDAE, Macl. Cybister, Curt. limbatus, Fabr. Dytiscus, Linn. extenuans, Wlk. Eunectes, Erich. griseus, Fabr. Hydaticus, Leach. festivus, Ill. vittatus, Fabr. disclocans, Wlk. fractifer, Wlk. Colymbetes, Clairv. interclusus, Wlk. Hydroporus, Clairv. interpulsus, Wlk. intermixtus, Wlk. laetabilis, Wlk. *inefficiens, Wlk.

Fam. GYRINIDAE, Leach. Dineutes, Macl. spinosus, Fabr. Porrorhynchus, Lap. indicans, Wlk. Gyretes, Brulle. discifer, Wlk. Gyrinus, Linn. nitidulus, Fabr. obliquus, Wlk. Orectochilus, Esch. *lenoeinium, Dohrn.

Fam. STAPHILINIDAE, Leach. Ocypus, Kirby. longipennis, Wlk. congruus, Wlk. punctilinea, Wlk. *lineatus, Wlk. Philonthus, Leach. *pedestris, Wlk. Xantholinus, Dahl. cinctus, Wlk. *inclinans, Wlk. Sunius, Leach. *obliquus, Wlk. Oedichirus, Erich. *alatus, Niet. Poederus, Fabr. alternans, Wlk. Stenus, Latr. *barbatus, Niet. *lacertoides, Niet. Osorius? Leach. *compactus, Wlk. Prognatha, Latr. decisa, Wlk. *tenuis, Wlk. Leptochirus, Perty. *bispinus, Erich. Oxytelus, Grav. rudis, Wlk. productus, Wlk. *bicolor, Wlk. Trogophloeus? Mann. *Taprobanae, Wlk. Omalium, Grav. filiforme, Wlk. Aleochara, Grav. postica, Wlk. *translata, Wlk. *subjecta, Wlk. Dinarda, Leach. serricornis, Wlk.

Fam. PSELAPHIDAE, Leach. Pselaphanax, Wlk. setosus, Wlk.

Fam. SCYDMAENIDAE, Leach. Erineus, Wlk. monstrosus, Wlk. Scydmaenus, Latr. *megamelas, Wlk. *alatus, Niet. *femoralis, Niet. *Ceylanicus, Niet. *intermedius, Niet. *pselaphoides, Niet. *advolans, Niet. *pubescens, Niet. *pygmaeus, Niet. *glanduliferus, Niet. *graminicola, Niet. *pyriformis, Niet. *angusticeps, Niet. *ovatus, Niet.

Fam. PTILIADAE, Woll. Trichopteryx, Kirby. *cursitans, Niet. *immatura, Niet. *invisibilis, Niet. Ptilium, Schuepp.. *subquadratum, Niet. Ptenidium, Erich. *macrocephalum, Niet.

Fam. PHALACRIDAE, Leach. Phalacrus, Payk. conjiciens, Wlk. confectus, Wlk.

Fam. NITIDULIDAE, Leach. Nitidula, Fabr. contigens, Wlk. intendens, Wlk. significans, Wlk. tomentifera, Wlk. *submaculata, Wlk. *glabricula, Dohrn. Nitidulopsis, Wlk. aequalis, Wlk. Meligethes, Kirby. *orientalis, Niet. *respondens, Wlk. Rhizophagus, Herbst. parallelus, Wlk.

Fam. COLYDIADAE, Woll. Lyctus, Fabr. retractus, Wlk. disputans, Wlk. Ditoma, Illig. rugicollis, Wlk.

Fam. TROGOSITIDAE, Kirby. Trogosita, Oliv. insinuans, Wlk. *rhyzophagoides, Wlk.

Fam. CUCUJIDAE, Steph. Loemophloeus, Dej. ferrugineus, Wlk. Cucujus? Fabr. *incommodus, Wlk. Silvanus, Latr. retrahens, Wlk. *scuticollis, Wlk. *porrectus, Wlk. Brontes, Fabr. *orientalis, Dej.

Fam. LATHRIDIADAE, Woll. Lathridius, Herbst. perpusillus, Wlk. Corticaria, Marsh. resecta, Wlk. Monotoma, Herbst. concinnula, Wlk.

Fam. DERMESTIDAE, Leach. Dermestes, Linn. vulpinus, Fabr. Attagenus, Latr. defectus, Wlk. rufipes, Wlk. Trinodes, Meg. hirtellus, Wlk.

Fam. BYRRHIDAE, Leach. Inclica, Wlk. solida, Wlk.

Fam. HISTERIDAE, Leach. Hister, Linn. Bengalensis, Weid. encaustus, Mars. orientalis, Payk. bipustulatus, Fabr. *mundissimus, Wlk. Saprinus, Erich. semipunctatus, Fabr. Platysoma, Leach. atratum? Erichs. desinens, Wlk. restoratum, Wlk. Dendrophilus, Leach. finitimus, Wlk.

Fam. APHODIADAE, Macl. Aphodius, Illig. robustus, Wlk. dynastoides, Wlk. pallidicornis, Wlk. mutans, Wlk. sequens, Wlk. Psammodius, Gyll. inscitus, Wlk.

Fam. TROGIDAE, Macl. Trox, Fabr. inclusus, Wlk. cornutus, Fabr.

Fam. COPRIDAE, Leach. Ateuchus, Weber. sacer. Linn. Gymnopleurus, Illig. smaragdifer, Wlk. Koenigii, Fabr. Sisyphus, Latr. setosulus, Wlk. subsidens, Wlk. prominens, Wlk. Orepanocerus, Kirby. Taprobanae, West. Copris, Geoffr. Pirmal, Fabr. sagax, Quens. capucinus, Fabr. cribricollis, Wlk. repertus, Wlk. sodalis, Wlk. signatus, Wlk. diminutivus, Wlk. Onthophagus, Latr. Bonassus, Fabr. cervicornis, Fabr. prolixus, Wlk. gravis, Wlk. diffieilis, Wlk. lucens, Wtk. negligens, Wlk. moerens, Wlk. turbatus Wlk. Onitis, Fabr. Philemon, Fabr.

Fam. DYNASTIDAE, Macl. Oryetes, Illig. rhinoceros, Linn. Xylotrupes, Hope. Gideon, Linn. reductus, Wlk. solidipes, Wlk. Phileurus, Latr. detractus, Wlk. Orphnus, Macl. detegens, Wlk. scitissimus, Wlk.

Fam. GEOTRUPIDAE, Leach. Bolboceras, Kirby. lineatus, Westw.

Fam. MELOLONTHIDAE, Macl. Melolontha, Fabr. nummicudens, Newm. rubiginosa, Wlk. ferruginosa, Wlk. seriata, Hope. pinguis, Wlk. setosa, Wlk. Rhizotrogus, Lair. hirtipectus, Wlk. aequalis, Wlk. costatus, Wlk. inductus, Wlk. exactus, Wlk. sulcifer, Wlk. Phyllopertha, Kirby. transversa, Burm. Silphodes, Westw. Indica, Westw. Trigonostoma, Dej. assimile, Hope. compressum? Weid. nanum, Wlk. Serica, Macl. pruinosa, Hope. Popilia, Leach. marginicollis, Newm. cyanella, Hope. discalis, Wlk. Sericesthis, Dej. rotundata, Wlk. subsignata, Wlk. mollis, Wlk. confirmata, Wlk. Plectris, Lep. & Serv. solida, Wlk. punctigera, Wlk. glabrilinea, Wlk. Isonychus, Mann. ventralis, Wlk. pectoralis, Wlk. Omaloplia, Meg. fracta, Wlk. interrupta, Wlk. semicincta, Wlk. *hamifera, Wlk. *picta, Dohrn. *nana, Dohrn. Apogonia, Kirby. nigrieaus, Hope. Phytalus, Erich. eurystomus; Burm. Ancylonycha, Dej. Reynaudii, Blanch. Leucopholis, Dej. Mellei, Guer. pinguis, Burm. Anomala, Meg. elata, Fabr. humeralis, Wlk. discalis, Wlk. varicolor, Sch. conformis, Wlk. similis, Hope. punctatissima, Wlk. infixa, Wlk. Mimela, Kirby variegata, Wlk. mundissima, Wlk. Parastasia, Westw. rufopicta, Westw. Euchlora, Macl. viridis, Fabr. perplexa, Hope.

Fam. CETONIADAE, Kirby. Glycyphana, Burm. versicolor, Fabr. luctuosa, Gory. variegata, Fabr. marginicollis, Gory. Clinteria, Burm. imperialis, Schaum. incerta, Parry. chloronota, Blanch Taeniodera, Burm. Malabariensis, Gory. quadrivittata, White. alboguttata, Vigors. Protaetia, Burm. maculata, Fabr. Whitehousii, Parry. Agestrata, Erich. nigrita, Fabr. orichalcea, Linn. Coryphocera, Burm. elegans, Fabr. Macronota, Hoffm. quadrivittata, Sch.

Fam. TRICHIADAE, Leach. Valgus, Scriba. addendus, Wlk.

Fam. LUCANIDAE, Leach. Odontolabis, Burm. Bengalensis, Parry. emarginatus, Dej. AEgus, Macl. acuminatus, Fabr. lunatus, Fabr. Singhala, Blanch. tenella, Blanch. Fam. PASSALIDAE, Macl. Passalus, Fabr. transversus, Dohrn. interstitialis, Perch. punctiger? Lefeb. bicolor, Fabr.

Fam. SPHAERIDIADAE, Leach. Sphaeridium, Fabr. tricolor, Wlk. Cercyon, Leach. *vicinale, Wlk.

Fam. HYDROPHILIDAE, Leach. Hydrous, Leach. *rufiventris, Niet. *inconspicuus, Niet. Hydrobius, Leach. stultus, Wlk. Philydrus, Solier. esuriens, Wlk. Berosus, Leach. *decrescens, Wlk. Hydrochus, Germ. *lacustris, Niet. Georyssus, Latr. *gemma, Niet. *insularis, Dohrn. Dastarcus, Wlk. porosus, Wlk.

Fam. BUPRESTIDAE, Stph. Sternocera, Esch. chrysis, Linn. sternicornis, Linn. Chrysochroa, Solier. ignita, Linn. Chinensis, Lap. Rajah, Lap. *cyaneocephala, Fabr. Chyrsodema, Lap. sulcata, Thunb. Belionota, Esch. scutellaris, Fabr. *Petiti, Gory. Chrysobothris, Esch. suturalis, Wlk. Agrilus, Meg. sulcicollis, Wlk. *cupreiceps, Wlk. *cupreicollis, Wlk. *armatus, Fabr.

Fam. ELATERIDAE, Leach. Campsosternos, Latr. Templetonii, Westw. aureolus, Hope. Bohemannii, Cand. venustulus, Cand. pallidipes, Cand. Agrypnus, Esch. fuscipes, Fabr. Alaus, Esch. speciosus, Linn. sordidus, Westw. Cardiophorus, Esch. humerifer, Wlk. Corymbites, Latr. dividens, Wlk. divisa, Wlk. *bivittava, Wlk. Lacon, Lap. *obesus, Cand. Athous, Esch. punctosus, Wlk. inapertus, Wlk. decretus, Wlk. inefficiens, Wlk. Ampedus, Meg. *acutifer, Wlk. *discicollis, Wlk. Legna, Wlk. idonea, Wlk.

Fam. LAMPYRIDAE, Leach. Lycus, Fabr. triangularis, Hope. geminus, Wlk. astutus, Wlk. fallax, Wlk. planicornis, Wlk. melanopterus, Wlk. pubicornis, Wlk. duplex, Wlk. costifer, Wlk. revocans, Wlk. dispellens, Wlk. *pubipennis, Wlk. *humerifer, Wlk. expansicornis, Wlk. divisus, Wlk. Dictyopterus, Latr. internexus, Wlk. Lampyris, Geoff. tenebrosa, Wlk. diffinis, Wlk. lutescens, Wlk. *vitrifera, Wlk. Colophotia, Dej. humeralis, Wlk. [vespertina, Fabr. perplexa, Wlk.?] intricata, Wlk. extricans, Wlk. promelas, Wlk. Harmatelia, Wlk. discalis, Wlk. bilinea, Wlk.

Fam. TELEPHORIDAE, Leach. Telephorus, Schaeff. dimidiatus, Fabr. malthinoides, Wlk. Eugeusis, Westw. palpator, Westw. gryphus, Hope. olivaceus, Hope.

Fam. CEBRIONIDAE, Steph. Callirhipis, Latr. Templetonii, Westw. Championii, Westw.

Fam. MERLYRIDAE, Leach. Malachius, Fabr. plagiatus, Wlk. Malthinus, Latr. *forticornis, Wlk. *retractus, Wlk. fragilis, Dohrn. Enciopus, Steph. proficiens, Wlk. Honosca, Wlk. necrobioides, Wlk.

Fam. CLERIDAE, Kirby. Cylidrus, Lap. sobrinus, Dohrn. Stigmatium, Gray. elaphroides, Westw. Necrobia, Latr. rufipes, Fabr. aspera, Wlk.

Fam. PTINIDAE, Leach. Ptinus, Linn. *nigerrimus, Boield.

Fam. DIAPERIDAE, Leach. Diaperis, Geoff. velutina, Wlk. fragilis, Dohrn.

Fam. TENEBRIONIDAE, Leach. Zophobas, Dej. errans? Dej. clavipes, Wlk. ?solidus, Wlk. Pseudoblaps, Guer. nigrita, Fabr. Tenebrio, Linn. rubripes, Hope. retenta, Wlk. Trachyscelis, Latr. brunnea, Dohrn.

Fam. OPATRIDAE, Shuck. Opatrum, Fabr. contrahens, Wlk. bilineatum, Wlk. planatum, Wlk. serricolle, Wlk. Asida, Latr. horrida, Wlk. Crypticus, Latr. detersus, Wlk. longipennis, Wlk. Phaleria, Latr. rufipes, Wlk. Toxicum, Latr. oppugnans, Wlk. biluna, Wlk. Boletophagus, Ill. *morosus, Dohrn. *exasperatus, Doh. Uloma, Meg. scita, Wlk. Alphitophagus, Steph. subfascia, Wlk.

Fam. HELOPIDAE, Steph. Osdara, Wlk. picipes, Wlk. Cholipus, Dej. brevicornis, Dej. parabolicus, Wlk. laeviusculus, Wlk. Helops, Fabr. ebenius, Wlk. Camaria, Lep. & Serv. amethystina, L. & S. Amarygmus, Dalm. chrysomeloides, Dej.

Fam. MELOIDAE, Woll. Epicauta, Dej. nigrifinis, Wlk. Cissites, Latr. testaceus, Fabr. Mylabris, Fabr. humeralis, Wlk. alterna, Wlk. *recognita, Wlk. Atractocerus, Pal., Bv. debilis, Wlk. reversus, Wlk.

Fam. OEDEMERIDAE, Steph. Cistela, Fabr. congrua, Wlk. *falsitica, Wlk. Allecula, Fabr. fusiformis, Wlk. elegans, Wlk. *flavifemur], Wlk. Sora, Wlk. *marginata, Wlk. Thaccona, Wlk. dimelas, Wlk.

Fam. MORDELLIDAE, Steph. Acosmus, Dej. languidus, Wlk. Rhipiphorus, Fabr. *tropicus, Niet. Mordella, Linn. composita, Wlk. *defectiva, Wlk. Myrmecolax, Westw. *Nietneri, Westw.

Fam. ANTHICIDAE, Wlk. Anthicus, Payk *quisquilarius, Niet. *insularius, Niet. *sticticollis, Wlk.

Fam. CISSIDAE, Leach. Cis, Latr. contendens, Wlk.

Fam. TOMICIDAE, Shuck. Apate, Fabr. submedia, Wlk. Bostrichus, Geoff. mutilatus, Wlk. *vertens, Wlk. *moderatus, Wlk. *testaceus, Wlk. *exiguus, Wlk. Platypus, Herbst. minax, Wlk. solidus, Wlk. *latitinis, Wlk. Hylurgus, Latr. determinans, Wlk. *concinnulus, Wlk. Hylesinus, Fabr. curvifer, Wlk. despectus, Wlk. irresolutus, Wlk.

Fam. CURCULIONIDAE, Leach. Bruchus, Linn. scutellaris, Fabr. Spermophagus, Steven. convolvuli, Thumb. figuratus, Wlk. Cisti, Fabr. incertus, Wlk. decretus, Wlk. Dendropemon Schoen. *melancholicus, Dohrn. Dendrotrogus, Jek. Dohrnii, Jek. discrepans, Dohrn. Eucorynus, Schoen. colligendus, Wlk. colligens, Wlk. Basitropis, Jek. *disconotatus, Jek. Litocerus, Schoen. punctulatus, Dohrn. Tropideres, Sch. punctulifer, Dohrn. fragilis, Wlk. Cedus, Waterh. *cancellatus, Dohrn. Xylinades, Latr. sobrinulus, Dohrn. indignus, Wlk. Xenocerus, Germ. anguliferus, Wlk. revocans, Wlk. *anchoralis, Dohrn. Callistocerus, Dohrn. *Nietneri, Dohrn. Anthribus, Geoff. longicornis, Fabr. apicalis, Wlk. facilis, Wlk. Araecerus, Schoen. coffeae, Fabr. *insidiosus, Fabr. *musculus, Dohrn. *intangens, Wlk. *bifovea, Wlk. Dipieza, Pasc. *insignis, Dohrn. Apolecta, Pasc. *Nietneri, Dohrn. *musculus, Dohrn Arrhenodes, Steven. miles, Sch. pilicornis, Sch. dentirostris, Jek. approximans, Wlk. Veneris, Dohrn Cerobates, Schoen. thrasco, Dohrn. aciculatus, Wlk. Ceocephalus, Schoen. cavus, Wlk. *reticulatus, Fabr. Nemocephalus, Latr. sulcirostris, De Haan. planicollis, Wlk. spinirostris, Wlk. Apoderus, Oliv. longicollis ? Fabr. Tranquebaricus, Fabr. cygneus, Fabr.? scitulus, Wlk. *triangularis, Fabr. *echinatus, Sch. Rhynchites, Herbst. suffundens, Wlk. *restituens, Wlk. Apion, Herbst. *Cingalense, Wlk. Strophosomus, Bilbug. *suturalis, Wlk. Piazomias, Schoen. aequalis, Wlk. Astycus, Schoen. lateralis, Fabr.? ebeninus, Wlk. *immunis, Wlk. Cleonus, Schoen. inducens, Wlk. Myllocerus, Schoen. transmarinus, Herbst.? spurcatus, Wlk. *retrahens, Wlk. *posticus, Wlk. Phyllobius, Schoen. *mimicus, Wlk. Episomus, Schoen. pauperatus, Fabr. Lixus, Fabr. nebulifascia, Wlk. Aclees, Schoen. cribratus, Dej. Alcides, Dalm. signatus, Boh. obliquus, Wlk. transversus, Wlk. *clausus, Wlk. Acicnemis, Fairm. Ceylonicus, Jek. Apotomorhinus, Schoen. signatus, Wlk. alboater, Wlk. Cryptorhynchus, Illig. ineffectus, Wlk. assimilans, Wlk. declaratus, Wlk. notabilis, Wlk. vexatus, Wlk. Camptorhinus, Schoen.? reversus, Wlk. *indiscretus, Wlk. Desmidophorus, Chevr. hebes, Fabr. communicans, Wlk. strenuus, Wlk. *discriminans Wlk. inexpertus, Wlk. *fasciculicollis, Wlk. Sipalus, Schoen. granulatus, Fabr. porosus, Wlk. tinctus, Wlk. Mecopus, Dalm. *Waterhousei, Dohrn. Rhynchophorus, Herbst. ferrugineus, Fabr. introducens, Wlk. Protocerus, Schoen. molossus? Oliv. Sphaenophorus, Schoen. glabridiscus, Wlk. exquisitus, Wlk. Dehaani? Jek. cribricollis, Wlk. ? panops, Wlk. Cossonus, Clairv. *quadrimacula, Wlk. ? hebes, Wlk. ambiguus, Sch.? Sitophilus, Schoen. oryzae, Linn. disciferus, Wlk. Mecinus, Germ. *? relictus, Wlk.

Fam. PRIONIDAE, Leach. Trictenotoma, G.H. Gray. Templetoni, Westw. Prionomma, White. orientalis, Oliv. Acanthophorus, Serv. serraticornis, Oliv. Cnemoplites, Newm. Rhesus, Motch. AEgosoma, Serv. Cingalense, White.

Fam. CERAMIBYCIDAE, Kirby. Cerambyx, Linn. indutus, Newm. vernicosus, Pasc. consocius, Pasc. versutus, Pasc. nitidus, Pasc. macilentus, Pasc. venustus, Pasc. torticollis, Dohrn. Sebasmia, Pasc. Templetoni, Pasc. Callichroma, Lair. trogoninum, Pasc. telephoroides, Westw. Homalomelas, White. gracilipes, Parry. zonatus, Pasc. Colobus, Serv. Cingalensis, White. Thranius, Pasc. gibbosus, Pasc. Deuteromma, Pasc. mutica, Pasc. Obrium, Meg. laterale, Pasc. moestum, Pasc. Psilomerus, Blanch. macilentus, Pasc. Clytus Fabr. vicinus, Hope. ascendens, Pasc. Walkeri, Pasc. annularis, Fabr. *aurilinea, Dohrn. Rhaphuma, Pasc. leucoscutellata, Hope. Ceresium, Newm. cretatum, White. Zeylanicum, White. Stromatium, Serv. barbatum, Fabr. maculatum, White. Hespherophanes, Muls. simplex, Gyll.

Fam. LAMIIDAE, Kirby. Nyphona, Muls. cylindracea, White. Mesosa, Serv. columba, Pasc. Coptops, Serv. bidens, Fabr. Xylorhiza, Dej. adusta, Wied. Cacia, Newm. triloba, Pasc. Batocera, Blanch. rubus, Fabr. ferruginea, Blanch. Monohammus, Meg. fistulator, Germ. crucifer, Fabr. nivosus, White. commixtus, Pasc. Cereopsius, Dup. patronus, Pasc. Pelargoderus, Serv. tigrinus, Chevr. Olenocamptus, Chevr. bilobus, Fabr. Praonetha, Dej. annulata, Chevr. posticalis, Pasc. Apomecyna, Serv. histrio, Fabr. var.? Ropica, Pasc. praeusta, Pasc. Hathlia, Serv. procera, Pasc. Iolea, Pasc. proxima, Pasc. histrio, Pasc. Glenea, Newm. sulphurella, White. commissa, Pasc. scapifera, Pasc. vexator, Pasc. Stibara, Hope. nigricornis, Fabr.

Fam. HISPIDAE, Kirby. Oncocephala, Dohrn. deltoides, Dohrn. Leptispa, Baly. pygmaea, Baly. Amblispa, Baly, Doehrnii, Baly. Estigmena, Hope. Chinensis, Hope. Hispa, Linn. hystrix, Fabr. erinacea, Fabr. nigrina, Dohrn. *Walkeri, Baly. Platypria, Guer. echidna, Guer.

Fam. CASSIDIDAE, Westw. Epistictia, Boh. matronula, Boh. Hoplionota, Hope. tetraspilota, Baly. rubromarginata, Boh. horrifica, Boh. Aspidomorpha, Hope. St. crucis, Fabr. miliaris, Fabr. pallidimarginata, Baly. dorsata, Fabr. calligera, Boh. micans, Fabr. Cassida, Linn. clathrata, Fabr. timefacta, Boh. farinosa, Boh. Laccoptera, Boh. 14-notata, Boh. Coptcycla, Chevr. sex-notata, Fabr. 13-signata, Boh. 13-notata, Boh. ornata, Fabr. Ceylonica, Boh. Balyi, Boh. trivittata, Fabr. 15-punctate, Boh. catenata, Dej.

Fam. SAGRIDAE:, Kirby. Sagra, Fabr. nigrita, Oliv.

Fam. DONACIDAE, Lacord. Donacia, Fabr. Delesserti, Guer Coptocephala, Chev. Templetoni, Baly.

Fam. EUMOLPIDAE, Baly. Corynodes, Hope. cyaneus, Hope. aeneus, Baly. Glyptoscelis, Chevr. Templetoni, Baly. pyrospilotus, Baly. micans, Baly. cupreus, Baly. Eumolpus, Fabr. lemoides, Wlk.

Fam. CRYPTOCEPHALIDAE, Kirby. Cryptocephalus, Geoff. sex-punctatus, Fabr. Walkeri, Baly. Diapromorpha, Lac. Turcica, Fabr.

Fam. CHRYSOMELIDAE, Leach. Chalcolampa, Baly. Templetoni, Baly. Lina, Meg. convexa, Baly. Chrysomela, Linn. Templetoni, Baly.

Fam. GALERUCIDAE, Steph. Galeruca, Geoff. *pectinata, Dohrn. Graptodera, Chevr. cyanea, Fabr. Monolepta, Chevr. pulchella, Baly. Thyamis, Steph. Ceylonicus, Baly.

Fam. COCCINELLIDAE, Latr. Epilachna, Chevr. 28-punctata, Fabr. Delessortii, Guer. pubescens, Hope. innuba, Oliv. Coccinella, Linn. tricincta, Fabr. *repanda, Muls. tenuilinea, Wlk. rejiciens, Wlk. interrumpens, Wlk. quinqueplaga, Wlk. simplex, Wlk. antica, Wlk. flaviceps, Wlk. Neda, Muls. tricolor, Fabr. Coelophora, Muls. 9-maculata, Fabr. ? Chilocorus, Leach. opponens, Wlk. Seymnus, Kug. variabilis, Wlk.

Fam. EROTYLIDAE, Leach. Fatua, Dej. Nepalensis, Hope. Triplax, Payk. decorus, Wlk. Tritoma, Fabr. *bifacies, Wlk. *preposita, Wlk. Ischyrus, Cherz. grandis, Fabr.

Fam. ENDOMYCHIDAE, Leach. Eugonius, Gerst. annularis, Gerst. lunulatus, Gerst. Eumorphus, Weber. pulchripes, Gerst. *tener, Dohrn. Stenotarsus, Perty. Nietneri, Gerst. *castaneus, Gerst. *tomentosus, Gerst. *vallatus, Gerst. Lycoperdina, Latr. glabrata, Wlk. Ancylopus, Gerst. melanocephalus, Oliv. Saula, Gerst. *nigripes, Gerst. *ferruginea, Gerst. Mycetina, Gerst. castanea, Gerst.

Order Orthoptera, Linn.

Fam. FORFICULIDAE, Steph. Forficula, Linn.

Fam. BLATTIDAE, Steph. Panesthia, Serv. Javanica, Serv. plagiata, Wlk. Polyzosteria, Burm. larva. Corydia, Serv. Petiveriana, Linn.

Fam. MANTIDAE, Leach. Empusa, Illig. gongylodes, Linn. Harpax, Serv. signifer, Wlk. Schizocephala, Serv, bicornis, Linn. Mantis, Linn. superstitiosa, Fabr. aridifolia, Stoll extensicollis ? Serv.

Fam. PHASMIDAE, Serv. Acrophylla, Gray. systropedon, Westw. Phasma, Licht. sordidum, De Haan. Phyllium, Illig. siccifolium, Linn.

Fam. GRYLLIDAE, Steph. Acheta, Linn. bimaculata, Deg. supplicans, Wlk. aequalis, Wlk. confirmata, Wlk. Platydactylus, Brull. crassipes, Wlk. Steirodon, Serv. lanceolatum, Wlk. Phyllophora, Thunb. falsifolia, Wlk. Acanthodis, Serv. rugosa, Wlk. Phaneroptera, Serv. attenuata, Wlk. Phymateus, Thunb. miharis, Linn. Truxalis, Linn. exaltata, Wlk. porrecta, Wlk. Acridium, Geoffr. extensum, Wlk. deponens, Wlk. rufitibia, Wlk. cinctifemur, Wlk. respondens, Wlk. nigrifascia, Wlk.

Order, Physapoda, Dum. Thrips, Linn. stenomelas, Wlk.

Order, Neuroptera, Linn.

Fam. SERICOSTOMIDAE, Steph. Mormonia, Curt. *ursina, Hagen.

Fam. LEPTOCERIDAE, Leach. Macronema, Pict. multitarium, Wlk. *splendidum, Hagen. *nebulosum, Hagen. *obliquum, Hagen. *Ceylanicum, Niet. *annulicorne, Niet. Molanna, Curt. mixta, Hagen. Sctodes, Ramb. *Iris, Hagen. *Ino, Hagen.

Fam. PSYCHOMIDAE, Curt. Chimarra, Leach. *auriceps, Hagen. *funesta, Hagen. *sepulcralis, Hagen.

Fam. HYDROPSYCHIDAE, Curt. Hydropsyche, Pict. *Taprobanes, Hagen. *mitis, Hagen.

Fam. RHYACOPHILIDAE, Steph. Rhyacophila, Pict. *castanea, Hagen.

Fam. PERLIDAE, Leach. Perla, Geoffr. angulata, Wlk. *testacea, Hagen. *limosa, Hagen.

Fam. SILIADAE, Westw. Dilar, Ramb. *Nietneri, Hagen.

Fam. HEMEROBIDAE, Leach. Mantispa, Illig. *Indica, Westw. mutata, Wlk. Chrysopa, Leach. invaria, Wlk. *tropica, Hagen. aurifera, Wlk. *punctata, Hagen. Micromerus, Ramb. *linearis, Hagen. *australis, Hagen. Hemerobius, Linn. *frontalis, Hagen. Coniopteryx, Hal. *cerata, Hagen.

Fam. MYRMELEONIDAE, Leach. Palpares, Ramb. contrarius, Wlk. Acanthoclisis, Ramb. *—n. s. Hagen. *molestus, Wlk. Myrmeleon, Linn. gravis, Wlk. dirus, Wlk. barbarus, Wlk. Ascalaphus, Fabr. nugax, Wlk. incusans, Wlk. *cervinus, Niet.

Fam. PSOCIDAE, Leach.

Psocus, Latr. *Taprobanes, Hagen. *oblitus, Hagen. *consitus, Hagen. *trimaculatus, Hagen. *obtusus, Hagen. *elongatus, Hagen. *chloroticus, Hagen. *aridus, Hagen. *coleoptratus, Hagen. *dolabratus, Hagen. *infelix, Hagen.

Fam. TERMITIDAE, Leach. Termes, Linn. Taprobanes, Wlk. fatalis, Koen. monoceros, Koen. *umbilicatus, Hagen. *n.s. Jouv. *n.s. Jouv.

Fam. EMBIDAE, Hagen.

Oligotoma, Westw. *Saundersii, Westw.

Fam. EPHEMERIDAE, Leach. Baetis, Leach. Taprobanes, Wlk. Potamanthus, Pict. *fasciatus, Hagen. *annulatus, Hagen. *femoralis, Hagen. Cloe, Burm. *tristis, Hagen. *consueta, Hagen. *solida, Hagen. *sigmata, Hagen. *marginalis, Hagen. Caenis, Steph. perpusilla, Wlk.

Fam. LIBELLULIDAE. Calopteryx, Leach. Chinensis, Linn. Euphoea, Selys. splendens, Hagen. Micromerus, Ramb. lineatus, Burm. Trichocnemys, Selys. *serapica, Hagen. Lestes, Leach. *elata, Hagen. *gracilis, Hagen. Agrion, Fabr. *Coromandelianum, F. *tenax, Hagen. *hilare, Hagen. *velare, Hagen. *delicatum, Hagen. Gynacantha, Ramb. subinterrupta, Ramb. Epophthalmia, Burm. vittata, Burm. Zyxomma, Ramb. petiolatum, Ramb. Acisoma, Ramb. panorpoides, Ramb. Libellula, Linn. Marcia, Drury. Tillarga, Fabr. variegata, Linn. flavescens, Fabr. Sabina, Drury. viridula, Pal. Beauv. congener, Ramb. soror, Ramb. Aurora, Burm. violacea, Niet. perla, Hagen. sanguinea, Burm. trivialis, Ramb. contaminata, Fabr. equestris, Fabr. nebulosa, Fabr.

Order, Hymenoptera, Linn.

Fam. FORMICIDAE, Leach. Formica, Linn. smaragdina, Fabr. mitis, Smith. *Taprobane, Smith. *variegata, Smith. *exercita, Wlk. *exundans, Wlk. *meritans, Wlk. *latebrosa, Wlk *pangens, Wlk. *ingruens Wlk. *detorquens, Wlk. *diffidens, Wlk. *obscurans, Wlk. *indeflexa, Wik. consultans, Wlk. Polyrhachis, Smith. *illaudatus, Wlk.

Fam. PONERIDAE, Smith. Odontomachus, Latr. simillimus, Smith. Typhlopone, Westw. Cartisii, Shuck. Myrmica, Latr. basalis, Smith. contigua, Smith. glyciphila, Smith. *consternens, Wlk. Crematogaster, Lund. *pellens, Wlk. *deponens, Wlk. *forticulus, Wlk. Pseudomyrma, Gure. *atrata, Smith. allaborans, Wlk. Atta, St. Farg. didita, Wlk. Pheidole, Westw. Janus, Smith. *Taprobanae, Smith. *rugosa, Smith. Meranoplus, Smith. *dimicans, Wlk. Cataulacus, Smith. Taprobanae, Smith.

Fam. MUTILLIDAE, Leach. Mutilla, Linn. *Sibylla, Smith. Tiphia, Fabr. *decrescens, Wlk.

Fam. EUMENIDAE, Westw. Odynerus, Latr. *tinctipennis, Wlk. *intendens, Wlk. Scolia, Fabr. auricollis, St. Farg.

Fam, CRABRONIDAE, Leach. Philanthus, Fabr. basalis, Smith. Stigmus, Jur. *congruus, Wlk.

Fam. SPHEGIDAE, Steph. Ammophila, Kirby. atripes, Smith. Pelopoaeus, Latr. Spinolae, St. Farg. Sphex, Fabr. ferruginea, St. Farg. Ampulex, Jur. conapressa, Fabr.

Fam. LARRIDAE, Steph. Larrada, Smith. *extensa, Wlk.

Fam. POMPILIDAE, Leach. Pompilus, Fabr. analis, Fabr.

Fam. APIDAE, Leach. Andrena, Fabr. *exagens, Wlk. Nomia, Latr. rustica, Westw. *vincta, Wlk. Allodaps, Smith. *marginata, Smith. Ceratina, Latr. viridis, Guer. picta, Smith. *simillima, Smith. Caelioxys, Latr. capitata, Smith. Crocisa, Jur. *ramosa, St. Farg. Stelis, Panz. carbonaria, Smith. Anthophora, Latr. zonata, Smith. Xylocopa, Latr. tenuiscapa, Westw. latipes, Drury. Apis, Linn. Indica, Smith. Trigona, Jur. iridipennis, Smith. *praeterita, Wlk.

Fam, CHRYSIDAE, Wlk. Stilbum, Spin. splendidum, Dahl.

Fam. DORYLIDAE, Shuck. Enictus, Shuck. porizonoides, Wlk.

Fam. ICHNEUMONIDAE, Leach. Cryptus, Fabr. *onustus, Wlk. Hemiteles ? Grav. *varius, Wlk. Porizon, Fall. *dominans, Wlk. Pimpla, Fabr. albopicta, Wlk.

Fam. BRACONIDAE, Hal. Microgaster, Latr. *recusans, Wlk. *significans, Wlk. *subducens, Wlk. *detracta, Wlk. Spathius, Nees. *bisignatus, Wlk. *signipennis, Wlk. Heratemis, Wlk *filosa, Wlk. Nebartha, Wlk. *macropoides, Wlk. Psyttalia, Wlk. *testacea, Wlk.

Fam. CHALCIDIAE, Spin. Chalcis, Fabr. *dividens, Wlk. *pandens, Wlk. Halticella, Spin. *rufimanus, Wlk. *inficiens, Wlk. Dirrhinus, Dalm. *Anthracia, Wlk. Eurytoma, Ill. *contraria, Wlk. *indefensa, Wlk. Eucharis, Latr. *convergens, Wlk. *deprivata, Wlk. Pteromalus, Swed. *magniceps, Wlk. Encyrtus, Latr. *obstructus, Wlk.

Fam. DIAPHIDAE, Hal. Diapria, Latr. apicalis, Wlk.

Order, Lepidoptera, Linn.

Fam. PAPILIONIDAE, Leach. Ornithoptera, Boisd. Darsius, G. R. Gray. Papilio, Linn. Diphilus, Esp. Jophon, G. R. Gray. Hector, Linn. Romulus, Cram. Polymnestor, Cram. Crino, Fabr. Helenus, Linn. Pammon, Linn. Polytes, Linn. Erithonius, Cram. Antipathis, Cram. Agamemnon, Linn. Eurypilos, Linn. Bathycles, Zinck-Som. Sarpedon, Linn. dissimilis, Linn. Pontia, Fabr. Nina, Fabr. Pieris, Schr. Eacharis, Drury. Coronis, Cram. Epicharis, Gudt. Nama, Doubl. Remba, Moore. Mesentina, Godt. Severina, Cram. Namouna, Doubl. Phryne, Fabr. Paulina, Godt. Thestylis, Doubl. Callosune, Doubl. Eucharis, Fabr. Danae, Fabr. Etrida, Boisd. Idmais, Boisd. Calais, Cram. Thestias, Boisd. Mariamne, Cram. Pirene, Linn. Hebomoia, Huebn. Glaucippe, Linn. Eronia, Huebn. Valeria, Cram. Callidryas, Boisd. Phillipina, Boisd. Pyranthe, Linn. Hilaria, Cram. Alemeone, Cram. Thisorella, Boisd. Terias, Swain. Drona, Horsf. Hecabe, Linn.

Fam. NYMPHALIDAE, Swain. Euploea, Fabr. Prothoe, Godt. Core, Cram. Alcathoe, Godt. Danais, Latr. Chrysippus, Linn. Plexippus, Linn. Aglae, Cram. Melissa, Cram. Limniacae, Cram. Juventa, Cram. Hestia, Huebn. Jasonia, Westw. Telchinia, Huebn. violae, Fabr. Cethosia, Fabr. Cyane, Fabr. Messarus, Doubl. Erymanthis, Drury. Atella, Doubl. Phalanta, Drury. Argynnis, Fabr. Niphe, Linn. Clagia, Godt. Ergolis, Boisd. Taprobana, West. Vanessa, Fabr. Charonia, Drury. Libythea, Fabr. Medhavina, Wlk. Pushcara, Wlk. Pyrameis, Huebn. Charonia, Drury. Cardui, Linn. Callirhoe, Huebn. Junonia, Huebn. Limonias, Linn. Oenone, Linn. Orithyia, Linn. Laomedia, Linn. Asterie, Linn. Precis, Huebn. Iphita, Cram. Cynthia, Fabr. Arsinoe, Cram. Parthenos, Huebn. Gambrisius, Fabr. Limenitis, Fabr. Calidusa, Moore. Neptis, Fabr. Heliodore, Fabr. Columella, Cram. aceris, Fabr. Jumbah, Moore. Hordonia, Stoll. Diadema, Boisd. Auge, Cram. Bolina, Linn. Symphaedra, Huebn. Thyelia, Fabr. Adolias, Boisd. Evelina, Stoll. Lubentina, Fabr. Vasanta, Moore. Garada, Moore. Nymphalis, Latr. Psaphon, Westw. Bernardus, Fabr. Athamas, Cram. Fabius, Fabr. Kallima, Doubl. Philarchus, Westw. Melanitis, Fabr. Banksia, Fabr. Leda, Linn. Casiphone, G. R. Gray. unduluris, Boisd. Ypththima, Huebn. Lysandra, Cram. Parthalis, Wlk. Cyllo, Boisd. Gorya, Wlk. Cathaena, Wlk. Embolima, Wlk. Neilgherriensis, Guer. Purimata, Wlk. Pushpamitra, Wlk. Mycalesis, Huebn. Patnia, Moore. Gamuliba, Wlk. Dosaron, Wlk. Samba, Moore. Caenonympha, Huebn. Euaspla, Wlk. Emesis, Fabr. Echerius, Stoll.

Fam. LYCAENIDAE, Leach. Anops, Boisd. Bulis, Boisd. Thetys, Drury. Loxura, Horsf. Atymnus, Cram. Myrina, Godt. Selimnus, Doubled. Triopas, Cram. Amblypodia, Horsf. Longinus, Fabr. Narada, Horsf. Pseudocentaurus, Do. quercetorum, Boisd. Aphnaeus, Huebn. Pindarus, Fabr. Etolus, Cram. Hephaestos, Doubled. Crotus, Doubled. Dipsas, Doubled. Chrysomallos, Huebn. Isocrates, Fabr. Lycaena, Fabr. Alexis, Stoll. Boetica, Linn. Cnejus, Horsf. Rosimon, Fabr. Theophrastus, Fabr. Pluto, Fabr. Parana, Horsf. Nyseus, Guer. Ethion, Boisd. Celeno, Cram. Kandarpa, Horsf. Elpis, Godt. Chimonas, Wlk. Gandara, Wlk. Chorienis, Wlk. Geria, Wlk. Doanas, Wlk. Sunya, Wlk. Audhra, Wlk. Polyommatus, Latr. Akasa, Horsf. Puspa, Horsf. Laius, Cram. Ethion, Boisd. Cattigara, Wlk. Gorgippia, Wlk. Lucia, Westw. Epius, Westw. Pithecops, Horsf. Hylax, Fabr.

Fam. HESPERIDAE, Steph. Goniloba, Westw. Iapetus, Cram. Pyrgus, Huebn. Superna, Moore. Danna, Moore. Genta, Wlk. Sydrus, Wlk. Nisoniades, Huebn. Diocles, Boisd. Salsala, Moore. Toides, Wlk. Pamphila, Fabr. Angias, Linn. Achylodes, Huebn. Temala, Wlk. Hesperia, Fabr. Indrani, Moore. Chaya, Moore. Cinnara, Moore. gremius, Latr. Cendochates, Wlk. Tiagara, Wlk. Cotiaris, Wlk. Sigala, Wlk.

Fam. SPHINGIDAE. Leach. Sesia, Fabr. Hylas, Linn. Macroglossa, Ochs. Stellatarum, Linn. gyrans, Boisd. Corythus, Boisd. divergens, Wlk. Calymnia, Boisd. Panopus, Cram. Choerocampa, Dup. Thyelia, Linn. Nyssus, Drury. Clotho, Drury. Oldenlandiae, Fabr. Lycetus, Cram. Silhetensis, Boisd. Pergesa, Wlk. Acteus, Cram. Panacra, Wlk. vigil, Guer. Daphnis, Huebn. Nerii, Linn. Zonilia, Boisd. Morpheus, Cram. Macrosila, Boisd. obliqua, Wlk. discistriga, Wlk. Sphinx, Linn. convolvuli, Linn. Acherontia, Ochs. Satanas, Boisd. Smerinthus, Latr. Dryas, Boisd.

Fam. CASTNIIDAE Wlk. Eusemia, Dalm. bellatrix, Westw. AEgocera, Latr. Venulia, Cram. bimacula, Wlk.

Fam. ZYGAENIDAE, Leach. Syntomis, Ochs. Schoenherri, Boisd. Creusa, Linn. Imaon, Cram. Glaucopis, Fabr. subaurata, Wlk. Enchromia, Huebn. Polymena, Cram. diminuta, Wlk.

Fam. LITHOSIIDAE, Steph. Scaptesyle, Wlk. bicolor, Wlk. Nyctemera, Huebn. lacticinia, Cram. latistriga, Wlk. Coleta, Cram. Euschema, Huebn. subrepleta, Wlk. transversa, Wlk. vilis, Wlk. Chalcosia, Huebn. Tiberina, Cram. venosa, Anon. Eterusia, Hope. AEdea, Linn. Trypanophora, Wlk. Taprobanes, Wlk. Heteropan, Wlk. scintillans, Wlk. Hypsa, Huebn. plana, Wlk. caricae, Fabr. ficus, Fabr. Vitessa, Moor. Zemire, Cram. Lithosia, Fabr. antica, Wlk. brevipennis, Wlk. Setina, Schr. semifascia, Wlk. solita, Wlk. Doliche, Wlk. hilaris, Wlk. Pitane, Wlk. conserta, Wlk. AEmene, Wlk. Taprobanes, Wlk. Dirades, Wlk. attacoides, Wlk. Cyllene, Wlk. transversa, Wlk. *spoliata, Wlk. Bizone, Wlk. subornata, Wlk. peregrina, Wlk. Deiopeia, Steph. pulchella, Linn. Astrea, Drury. Argus, Kollar.

Fam. ARCTIIDAE, Leach. Alope, Wlk. ocellifera, Wlk. Sangarida, Cram. Tinolius, Wlk. eburneigutta, Wlk. Creatonotos, Huebn. interrupta, Linn. emittens, Wlk. Acmonia, Wlk. lithosioides, Wlk. Spilosoma, Steph. subfascia, Wlk. Cycnia, Huebn. rubida, Wlk. sparsigutta, Wlk. Antheua, Wlk. discalis, Wlk. Aloa, Wlk. lactinea, Cram. candidula, Wlk. erosa, Wlk. Amerila, Wlk. Melanthus, Cram. Ammatho, Wlk. cunionotatus, Wlk.

Fam. LIPARIDAE, Wlk. Artaxa, Wlk. guttata, Wlk. *varians, Wlk. atomaria, Wlk. Acyphas, Wlk. viridescens, Wlk. Lacida, Wlk. rotundata, Wlk. antica, Wlk. subnotata, Wlk. complens, Wlk. promittens, Wlk. strigulifera, Wlk. Amsacta? Wlk. tenebrosa, Wlk. Antipha, Wlk. costalis, Wlk. Anaxila, Wlk. notata, Wlk. Procodeca, Wlk. augulifera, Wlk. Redoa, Wlk. submarginata, Wlk. Euproctis, Huebn. virguncula, Wlk. bimaculata, Wlk. lunata, Wlk. tinctifera, Wlk. Cispia, Wlk. plagiata, Wlk. Dasychira, Huebn. pudibunda, Linn. Lymantria, Huebn. grandis, Wlk. marginata, Wlk. Enome, Wlk. ampla, Wlk. Dreata, Wlk. plumipes, Wlk. geminata, Wlk. mutans, Wlk. mollifera. Wlk. Pandala, Wlk. dolosa, Wlk. Charnidas, Wlk. junctifera, Wlk.

Fam PSYCHIDAE, Bru. Psyche, Schr. Doubledaii, Westw. Metisa, Wlk. plana, Wlk. Eumeta, Wlk. Cramerii, Westw. Templetonii, Westw. Cryptothelea, Templ. consorta, Templ.

Fam. NOTODONTIDAE, St. Cerura, Schr. liturata, Wlk. Stauropus, Germ. alternans, Wlk. Nioda, Wlk. fusiformis, Wlk.. transversa, Wlk. Rilia, Wlk. lanceolata, Wlk. basivitta, Wlk. Ptilomacra, Wlk. juvenis, Wlk. Elavia, Wlk. metaphaea, Wlk. Notodonta, Ochs. ejecta, Wlk. Ichthyura, Huebn. restituens, Wlk.

Fam. LIMACODIDAE, Dup. Scopelodes, Westw. unicolor, Westw. Messata, Wlk. rubiginosa, Wlk. Miresa, Wlk. argentifera, Wlk. aperiens, Wlk. Nyssia, Herr. Sch. laeta, Westw. Nesera, Herr. Sch. graciosa, Westw. Narosa, Wlk. conspersa, Wlk. Naprepa, Wlk. varians, Wlk.

Fam. DREPANULIDAE, Wlk. Oreta, Wlk. suffusa, Wlk. extensa, Wlk. Arna, Wlk. apicalis, Wlk. Ganisa, Wlk. postica, Wlk.

Fam. SATURINIDAE, Wlk. Attacus, Linn. Atlas, Linn. lunula, Anon. Antheraea, Huebn. Mylitta, Drury. Assama, Westw. Tropaea, Huebn. Selene, Huebn.

Fam. BOMBYCIDAE, Steph. Trabala, Wlk. basalis, Wlk. prasina, Wlk. Lasiocampa, Schr. trifascia, Wlk. Megasoma, Boisd. venustum, Wlk. Lebeda, Wlk. repanda, Wlk. plagiata, Wlk. bimaculata, Wlk. scriptiplaga, Wlk.

Fam. COSSIDAE, Newm. Cossus, Fabr. quadrinotatus, Wlk. Zeuzera, Latr. leuconota, Steph. pusilla, Wlk.

Fam. HEPIALIDAE, Steph. Phassus, Steph. signifer, Wlk.

Fam. CYMATOPHORIDAE, Herr. Sch. Thyatira, Ochs. repugnans, Wlk.

Fam. BRYOPHILIDAE, Guen. Bryophila, Treit. semipars, Wlk.

Fam. BOMBYCOIDAE, Guen. Diphtera, Ochs. deceptura, Wlk.

Fam. LEUCANIDAE, Guen. Leucania, Ochs. confusa, Wlk. exempta, Wlk. inferens, Wlk. collecta, Wlk. Brada, Wlk. truncata, Wlk. Crambopsis, Wlk. excludens, Wlk.

Fam. GLOTTULIDAE, Guen. Polytela, Guen. gloriosa, Fabr. Glottula, Guen. Dominica, Cram. Chasmina, Wlk. pavo, Wlk. cygnus, Wlk.

Fam. APAMIDAE, Guen. Laphygma, Guen. obstans, Wlk. trajiciens, Wlk. Prodenia, Guen. retina, Friv. glaucistriga, Wlk. apertura, Wlk. Calogramma, Wlk. festiva, Don. Heliophobus, Boisd. discrepans, Wlk. Hydraecia, Guen. lampadifera, Wlk. Apamea, Ochs. undecilia, Wlk. Celaena, Steph. serva, Wlk.

Fam. CARADRINIDAE, Guen. Amyna, Guen. selenampha, Guen.

Fam. NOCTUIDAE, Guen. Agrotis, Ochs. aristifera, Guen. congrua, Wlk. punctipes, Wlk. mundata, Wlk. transducta, Wlk. plagiata, Wlk. plagifera, Wlk.

Fam. HADENIDAE, Guen. Eurois, Huebn. auriplena, Wlk. inclusa, Wlk. Epiceia, Wlk. subsignata, Wlk. Hadena, Treit. subcurva, Wlk. postica, Wlk. retrahens, Wlk. confundens, Wlk. congressa, Wlk. ruptistriga, Wlk. Ansa, Wlk. filipalpis, Wlk.

Fam. XYLINIDAE, Guen, Ragada, Wlk. pyrorchroma, Wlk. Cryassa, Wlk. bifacies, Wlk. Egelista, Wlk. rudivitta, Wlk. Xylina, Ochs. deflexa, Wlk. inchoans, Wlk.

Fam. HELIOTHIDAE, Guen. Heliothis, Ochs. armigera, Huebn.

Fam. HAEMEROSIDAE, Guen. Ariola, Wlk. coelisigna, Wlk. dilectissima, Wlk. saturata, Wlk.

Fam. ACONTIDAE, Guen. Xanthodes, Guen. intersepta, Guen. Acontia, Ochs. tropica, Guen. olivacea, Wlk. fasciculosa, Wlk. signifera, Wlk. turpis, Wlk. mianoeides, Wlk. approximans, Wlk. divulsa, Wlk. *egens, Wlk. plenicosta, Wlk. determinata, Wlk. hypaetroides, Wlk. Chlumetia, Wlk. multilinea, Wlk.

Fam. ANTHOPHILIDAE, Guen. Micra, Guen. destituta, Wlk. derogata, Wlk. simplex, Wlk.

Fam. ERIOPIDAE, Guen. Callopistria, Huebn. exotica, Guen. rivularis, Wlk. duplicans, Wlk.

Fam. EURHIPIDAE, Guen. Penicillaria, Guen. nugatrix, Guen. resoluta, Wlk. solida, Wlk. ludatrix, Wlk. Rhesala, Wlk. imparata, Wlk. Eutelia, Huebn. favillatrix, Wlk. thermesiides, Wlk.

Fam. PLUSIIDAE, Boisd. Abrostola, Ochs. transfixa, Wlk. Plusia, Ochs. aurifera, Huebn. verticillata, Guen. agramma, Guen. obtusisigna, Wlk. nigriluna, Wlk. signata, Wlk. dispellens, Wlk. propulsa, Wlk.

Fam. CALPIDAE, Guen. Calpe, Treit. minuticornis, Guen. Oroesia, Guen. emarginata, Fabr. Deva, Wlk. conducens, Wlk.

Fam. HEMICERIDAE, Guen. Westermannia, Huebn. superba, Huebn.

Fam. HYBLAEIDAE, Guen. Hyblaea, Guen. Puera, Cram. constellata, Guen. Nolasena, Wlk. ferrifervens, Wlk.

Fam. GONOPTERIDAE, Guen. Cosmophila, Boisd. Indica, Guen. xanthindyma, Boisd. Anomis, Huebn. fulvida, Guen. iconica, Wlk. Gonitis, Guen. combinans, Wlk. albitibia, Wlk. mesogona, Wlk. guttanivis, Wlk. involuta, Wlk. basalis, Wlk. Eporedia, Wlk. damnipennis, Wlk. Rusicada, Wlk. nigritarsis, Wlk. Pasipeda, Wlk. rufipalpis, Wlk.

Fam. TOXOCAMPIDAE, Guen. Toxocampa, Guen. metaspila, Wlk. sexlinea, Wlk. quinquelina, Wlk. Albonica, Wlk. reversa, Wlk.

Fam. POLYDESMIDAE, Guen. Polydesma, Boisd. boarmoides, Wlk. erubescens, Wlk.

Fam. HOMOPTERIDAE, Bois. Alamis, Guen. spoliata, Wlk. Homoptera, Boisd. basipallens, Wlk. retrahens, Wlk. costifera, Wlk. divisistriga, Wlk. procumbens, Wlk. Diacuista, Wlk. homopteroides, Wlk. Daxata, Wlk. bijungens, Wlk.

Fam. HYPOGRAMMIDAE, Guen. Briarda, Wlk. precedens, Wlk. Brana, Wlk. calopasa, Wlk. Corsa, Wlk. lignicolor, Wlk. Avatha, Wlk. includens, Wlk. Gadirtha, Wlk. decrescens, Wlk. impingens, Wlk. spurcata, Wlk. rectifera, Wlk. duplicans, Wlk intrusa, Wlk. Ercheia, Wlk. diversipennis, Wlk. Plotheia, Wlk. frontalis, Wlk. Diomea, Wlk. rotundata, Wlk, chloromela, Wlk. orbicularis, Wlk. muscosa, Wlk. Dinumma, Wlk. placens, Wlk. Lusia, Wlk. geometroides, Wlk. perficita, Wlk, repulsa, Wlk. Abunis, Wlk. trimesa, Wlk.

Fam. CATEPHIDAE, Guen Cocytodes, Guen. coerula, Guen. modesta, Wlk. Catephia, Ochs. lioteola, Guen. Anophia, Guen. acronyctoides, Guen. Steiria, Wlk. subobliqua, Wlk. trajiciens, Wlk. Aucha, Wlk. velans, Wlk. AEgilia, Wlk. describens, Wlk. Maceda, Wlk. mansueta, Wlk.

Fam. HYPOCALIDAE, Guen. Hypocala, Guen. efflorescens, Guen. subsatura, Guen.

Fam. CATOCALIDAE, Boisd. Blenina, Wlk. donans, Wlk. accipiens, Wlk.

Fam. OPHIDERIDAE, Guen. Ophideres, Boisd. Materna, Linn. fullonica, Linn. Cajeta, Cram. Ancilla, Cram. Salaminia, Cram. Hypermnestra, Cram. multiscripta, Wlk. bilineosa, Wlk. Potamophera, Guen. Manlia, Cram. Lygniodes, Guen. reducens, Wlk, disparans, Wlk. hypoleuca, Guen.

Fam. EREBIDAE, Guen. Oxyodes, Guen. Clytia, Cram.

Fam. OMMATOPHORIDAE, Guen. Speiredonia, Huebn. retrahens, Wlk. Sericia, Guen. anops, Guen. parvipennis, Wlk. Patula, Guen. macrops, Linn. Argiva, Huebn. hieroglyphica, Drury. Beregra, Wlk. replenens, Wlk.

Fam. HYPOPYRIDAE, Guen. Spiramia, Guen. Heliconia, Huebn. triloba, Guen. Hypopyra, Guen. vespertilio, Fabr. Ortospana, Wlk. connectens, Wlk. Entomogramma, Guen. fautrix, Guen.

Fam. BENDIDAE, Guen. Homaea, Guen. clathrum Guen. Hulodes, Guen. caranea, Cram. palumba, Guen.

Fam. OPHIUSIDAE, Guen. Sphingomorpha, Guen. Chlorea Cram. Lagoptera, Guen. honesta, Huebn. magica, Huebn. dotata, Fabr, Ophiodes, Guen. discriminans, Wlk. basistigma, Wlk. Cerbia, Wlk. fugitiva, Wlk. Ophisma, Guen. laetabilis, Guen. deficiens, Wlk. gravata, Wlk. circumferens, Wlk. terminans, Wlk. Achaea, Huebn. Melicerta, Drury. Mezentia, Cram. Cyllota, Guen. Cyllaria, Cram. fusifera, Wlk. signivitta, Wlk. reversa, Wlk. combinans, Wlk. expectans, Wlk. Serrodes, Guen. campana, Guen. Naxia, Guen. absentimacula, Guen. Onelia, Guen. calefaciens, Wlk. calorifica, Wlk. Calesia, Guen. hoemorrhoda, Guen. Hypaetra, Guen. trigonifera, Wlk. curvifera, Wlk. condita, Wlk. complacens, Wlk. divisa, Wlk. Ophiusa, Ochs. myops, Guen. albivitta, Guen. Achatina, Sulz. fulvotaenia, Guen. simillima, Guen. festinata, Wlk. pallidilinea, Wlk. luteipalpis, Wlk. Fodina, Guen. stola, Guen. Grammodes, Guen. Ammonia, Cram. Mygdon, Cram. stolida, Fabr. mundicolor, Wlk.

Fam. EUCLIDIDAE, Guen. Trigonodes, Guen. Hippasia, Cram.

Fam. REMIGIDAE, Guen. Remigia, Guen. Archesia, Cram. frugalis, Fabr. pertendens, Wlk. congregata, Wlk. opturata, Wlk.

Fam. FOCILLIDAE, Guen. Focilla, Guen. submemorans, Wlk.

Fam. AMPHIGANIDAE, Guen. Lacera, Guen. capella, Guen. Amphigonia, Guen. hepatizans, Guen.

Fam. THERMISIDAE, Guen. Sympis, Guen. rufibasis, Guen. Thermesia, Huebn. finipalpis, Wlk. soluta, Wlk. Azazia, Wlk. rubricans, Boisd. Selenis, Guen. nivisapex, Wlk. multiguttata, Wlk. semilux, Wlk. Ephyrodes, Guen. excipiens, Wlk. crististera, Wlk. lineifera, Wlk. Capnodes, Guen. *maculicosta, Wlk. Ballatha, Wlk. atrotumens, Wlk. Daranissa, Wlk. digramma, Wlk. Darsa, Wlk. defectissima, Wlk.

Fam. URAPTERYDAE, Guen. Lagyra, Wlk. Talaca, Wlk.

Fam. ENNOMIDAE, Guen. Hyperythra, Guen. limbolaria, Guen. deductaria, Wlk. Orsonoba, Wlk. Rajaca, Wlk. Sabaria, Wlk. contractaria, Wlk. Angerona, Dup. blandiaria, Wlk. Fascellina, Wlk. chromataria, Wlk.

Fam. BOARMIDAE, Guen. Amblychia, Guen. angeronia, Guen. Hemerophila, Steph. Vidhisara, Wlk. poststrigaria, Wlk. Boarmia, Treit. sublavaria, Guen. admissaria, Guen. raptaria, Wlk. Medasina, Wlk. Bhurmitra, Wlk. Suiasasa, Wlk. diffluaria, Wlk. caritaria, Wlk. exclusaria, Wlk. Hypochroma, Guen. minimaria, Guen. Gnophos, Treit. Pulinda, Wlk. Culataria, Wlk. Hemerophila, Steph. vidhisara, Wlk. Agathia, Guen. blandiaria, Wlk. Bulonga, Wlk. Ajaia, Wlk. Chacoraca, Wlk. Chandubija, Wlk.

Fam. GEOMETRIDAE, Guen. Geometra, Linn. specularia, Guen. Nanda, Wlk. Nemoria, Huebn. caudularia, Guen. solidaria, Guen. Thalassodes, Guen. quadraria, Guen. catenaria, Wlk. immissaria, Wlk. Sisunaga, Wlk. adornataria, Wlk. meritaria, Wlk. coelataria, WlK. gratularia, Wlk. chlorozonaria, Wlk. laesaria, Wlk. simplicaria, Wlk. immissaria, Wlk. Comibaena, Wlk. Divapala, Wlk. impulsaria, Wlk. Celenna, Wlk. saturaturia, Wlk. Pseudoterpna, Wlk. Vivilaca, Wlk. Amaurinia, Guen. rubrolimbaria, Wlk.

Fam. PALYADAE, Guen. Eumelea, Dunc. ludovicata, Guen. aureliata, Guen. carnearia, Wlk.

Fam. EPHYRIDAE, Guen. Ephyra, Dap. obrinaria, Wlk. decursaria, Wlk. Cacavena, Wlk. abhadraca, Wlk. Vasudeva, Wlk. Susarmana, Wlk. Vutumana, Wlk. inaequata, Wlk.

Fam. ACIDALIDAE, Guen. Drapetodes, Guen. mitaria, Guen. Pomasia, Guen. Psylaria, Guen. Sunandaria, Wlk. Acidalia, Treit. obliviaria, Wlk. adeptaria, Wlk. nexiaria, Wlk. addictaria, Wlk. actiosaria, Wlk. defamataria, Wlk. negataria, Wlk. actuaria, Wlk. caesaria, Wlk. Cabera, Steph. falsaria, Wlk. decussaria, Wlk. famularia, Wlk. nigrarenaria, Wlk. Hyria, Steph. elataria, Wlk. marcidaria, Wlk. oblataria, Wlk. grataria, Wlk. rhodinaria, Wlk. Timandra, Dup. Ajuia, Wlk. Vijuia, Wlk. Agyris, Guen. deliaria, Guen. Zanclopteryx, Herr. Sch. saponaria, Herr. Sch.

Fam. MICRONIDAE, Guen. Micronia, Guen. caudata, Fabr. aculeata, Guen.

Fam. MACARIDAE, Guen. Macaria, Curt. Eleonora, Cram. Varisara, Wlk. Rhagivata, Wlk. Palaca, Wlk. honestaria, Wlk. Sangata, Wlk. honoraria, Wlk. cessaria, Wlk. subcandaria, Wlk. Doava, Wlk. adjutaria, Wlk. figuraria, Wlk.

Fam. LARENTIDAE, Guen. Sauris, Guen. hirudinata, Guen. Camptogramma, Steph. baccata, Guen. Blemyia, Wlk. Bataca, Wlk. blitiaria, Wlk. Coremia, Guen. Gomatina, Wlk. Lobophora, Curt. Salisuca, Wlk. Ghosha, Wlk. contributaria, Wlk. Mesogramma, Steph. lactularia, Wlk. scitaria, Wlk. Eupithecia, Curt. recensitaria, Wlk. admixtaria, Wlk. immixtaria, Wlk. Gathynia, Wlk. miraria, Wlk.

Fam. PLATYDIDAE, Guen. Trigonia, Guen. Cydonialis, Cram.

Fam. HYPENIDAE, Herr. Sch. Dichromia, Guen. Orosialis, Cram. Hypena, Schr. rhombalis. Guen. jocosalis, Wlk. mandatalis, Wlk. quaesitalis, Wlk. laceratalis, Wlk. iconicalis, Wlk. labatalis, Wlk. obacerralis, Wlk. pactalis, Wlk. raralis, Wlk. paritalis, Wlk. surreptalis, Wlk. detersalis, Wlk. ineffectalis, Wlk. incongrualis, Wlk. rubripunctum, Wlk. Gesonia, Wlk. *obeditalis, Wlk. duplex, Wlk.

Fam. HERMINIDAE, Dup. Herminia, Latr. Timonalis, Wlk. diffusalis, Wlk interstans, Wlk. Adrapsa, Wlk. ablualis, Wlk. Bertula, Wlk. abjudicalis, Wlk. raptatalis, Wlk. contigens, Wlk. Bocana, Wlk. jutalis, Wlk. manifestalis, Wlk. ophiusalis, Wlk. vagalis, Wlk. turpatalis, Wlk. hypernalis, Wlk. gravatalis, Wlk. tumidalis, Wlk. Orthaga, Wlk. Euadrusalis, Wlk. Hipoepa, Wlk. lapsalis, Wlk. Lamura, Wlk. oberratalis, Wlk. Echana, Wlk. abavalis, Wlk. Dragana, Wlk. pansalis, Wlk. Pingrasa, Wlk. accuralis, Wlk. Egnasia, Wlk. ephyradalis, Wlk. accingalis, Wlk. participalis, Wlk. usurpatalis, Wlk. Berresa, Wlk. natalis, Wlk. Imma, Wlk. rugosalis, Wlk. Chusaris, Wlk. retatalis, Wlk. Corgatha, Wlk. zonalis, Wlk. Catada, Wlk. glomeralis, Wlk. captiosalis, Wlk.

Fam. PYRALIDAE, Guen. Pyralis, Linn. igniflualis, Wlk. Palesalis, Wlk. reconditalis, Wlk. Idalialis, Wlk. Janassalis, Wlk. Aglossa, Latr. Gnidusalis, Wlk. Isabanda, Wlk. herbealis. Wlk.

Fam. ENNYCHIDAE, Dup. Pyrausta, Schr. *absistalis, Wlk.

Fam. ASOPIDAE, Guen. Desmia, Westw. afflictalis, Guen. concisalis, Wlk. AEdiodes, Guen. flavibasalis, Guen.. effertalis, Wlk. Samea, Guen. gratiosalis, Wlk. Asopia, Guen. vulgalis, Guen. falsidicalis, Wlk. abruptalis, Wlk. latimarginalis, Wlk. praeteritalis, Wlk. Eryxalis, Wlk. roridalis, Wlk. Agathodes, Guen. ostentalis, Geyer. Leucinades, Guen. orbonalis, Guen. Hymenia, Huebn. recurvalis, Fabr. Agrotera, Schr. suffusalis, Wlk. decessalis, Wlk. Isopteryx, Guen. *melaleucalis, Wlk. *impulsalis, Wlk. *spilomelalis, Wlk. acclaralis, Wlk. abnegatalis, Wlk.

Fam. HYDROCAMPIDAE, Guen. Oligostigma, Guen. obitalis, Wlk. votalis, Wlk. Cataclysta, Herr. Sch. dilucidalis, Guer. bisectalis, Wlk. blandialis, Wlk. elutalis, Wlk.

Fam. SPILOMELIDAE, Guen. Lepyrodes, Guen. geometralis, Guen. lepidalis, Wlk. peritalis, Wlk. Phalangiodes, Guen. Neptisalis, Cram. Spilomela, Guen. meritalis, Wlk. abdicalis, Wlk. decussalis, Wlk. aurolinealis, Wlk. Nistra, Wlk. coelatalis, Wlk. Pagyda, Wlk. salvalis, Wlk. Massepha, Wlk. absolutalis, Wlk.

Fam. MARGARODIDAE, Guen. Glyphodes, Guen. diurnalis, Guen. decretalis, Guen. coesalis, Wlk. univocalis, Wlk. Phakellura, L. Guild. gazorialis, Guen. Margarodes, Guen. psittacalis, Huebn. pomonalis, Guen. hilaralis, Wlk. Pygospila, Guen. Tyresalis, Cram. Neurina, Guen, Procopialis, Cram. ignibasalis, Wlk. Ilurgia, Wlk. defamalis, Wlk. Maruca, Wlk. ruptalis, Wlk. caritalis, Wlk.

Fam. BOTYDAE, Guen. Botys, Latr. marginalis, Cram. sellalis, Guen. multilinealis, Guen. admensalis, Wlk. abjungalis, Wlk. rutilalis, Wlk. admixtalis, Wlk. celatalis, Wlk. deductalis, Wlk. celsalis, Wlk. vulsalis, Wlk. ultimalis, Wlk. tropicalis, Wlk. abstrusalis, Wlk. ruralis, Wlk. adhoesalis, Wlk. illisalis, Wlk. stultalis, Wlk. adductalis, Wlk. histricalis, Wlk. illectalis, Wlk. suspicalis, Wlk. Janassalis, Wlk. Nephealis, Wlk. Cynaralis, Wlk. Dialis, Wlk. Thaisalis, Wlk. Dryopealis, Wlk. Myrinalis, Wlk. phycidalis, Wlk. annulalis, Wlk. brevilinealis, Wlk. plagiatalis, Wlk. Ebulea, Guen. aberratalis, Wlk. Camillalis, Wlk. Pionea, Guen. actualis, Wlk. Optiletalis, Wlk. Jubesalis, Wlk. brevialis, Wlk. suffusalis, Wlk. Scopula, Schr. revocatalis, Wlk. turgidalis, Wlk. volutatalis, Wlk. Godara, Wlk. pervasalis, Wlk. Herculia, Wlk. bractialis, Wlk. Mecyna, Guen. deprivulis, Wlk.

Fam. SCOPARIDAE, Guen

Scoparia, Haw. murificalis, Wlk. congestalis, Wlk. Alconalis, Wlk. Davana, Wlk. Phalantalia, Wlk. Darsania, Wlk. Niobesalis, Wlk. Dosara, Wlk. coelatella, Wlk. lapsalis, Wlk. immeritalis, Wlk.

Fam. CHOREUTIDAE, Staint. Niaccaba, Wlk. sumptialis, Wlk. Simaethis, Leach. Clatella, Wlk. Damonella, Wlk. Bathusella, Wlk.

Fam. PHYCIDAE, Staint. Myelois, Huebn. actiosella, Wlk. bractiatella, Wlk. cautella, Wlk. adaptella, Wlk. illusella, Wlk. basifuscella, Wlk. Ligeralis, Wlk. Marsyasalis, Wlk. Dascusa, Wlk. Valensalis, Wlk. Daroma, Wlk. Zeuxoalis, Wlk. Epulusalis, Wlk. Timeusalis, Wlk. Homoesoma, Curt. gratella, Wlk. Getusella, Wlk. Nephopteryx, Huebn. Etolusalis, Wlk. Cyllusalis, Wlk. Hylasalis, Wlk. Acisalis, Wlk. Harpaxalis, Wlk. AEolusalis, Wlk. Argiadesalis, Wlk. Philiasalis, Wlk. Pempelia, Huehn. laudatella, Wlk. Prionapteryx, Steph. Lincusalis, Wlk. Pindicitora, Wlk. Acreonalis, Wlk. Annusalis, Wlk. Thysbesalis, Wlk. Linceusalis, Wlk. Lacipea, Wlk. muscosella, Wlk. Araxes, Steph. admotella, Wlk. decusella, Wlk. celsella, Wlk. admigratella, Wlk. coesella, Wlk. candidatella, Wlk. Catagela, Wlk. adjurella, Wlk. acricuella, Wlk. lunulella, Wlk.

Fam. CRAMBIDAE, Dup. Crambus, Fabr. concinellus, Wlk. Darbhaca, Wlk. inceptella, Wlk. Jartheza, Wlk. honorella, Wlk. Bulina, Wlk. solitella, Wlk. Bembina, Wlk. Cyanusalis, Wlk. Chilo, Zinck. dodatella, Wlk. gratiosella, Wlk. aditella, Wlk. blitella, Wlk. Dariausa, Wlk. Eubusalis, Wlk. Arrhade, Wlk. Ematheonalis, Wlk. Darnensis, Wlk. Strephonella, Wlk.

Fam. CHLOEPHORIDAE, Staint. Thagora, Wlk. figurans, Wlk. Earias, Huebn. chromatana, Wlk.

Fam. TORTRICIDAE, Steph. Lozotaenia, Steph. retractana, Wlk. Peronea, Curt. divisana, Wlk. Lithogramma, Steph. flexilineana, Wlk. Dictyopteryx, Steph. punctana, Wlk. Homona, Wlk. fasciculana, Wlk. Hemonia, Wlk. orbiferana, Wlk. Achroia, Huebn. tricingulana, Wlk.

Fam. YPONOMEUTIDAE, Steph. Atteva, Wlk. niveigutta, Wlk.

Fam. GELICHIDAE, Staint. Depressaria, Haw. obligatella, Wlk. fimbriella, Wlk. Decuaria, Wlk. mendicella, Wlk. Gelechia, Huebn. nugatella, Wlk. calatella, Wlk. deductella, Wlk. Perionella, Wlk. Gizama, Wlk. blandiella, Wlk. Enisipia, Wlk. falsella, Wlk. Gapharia, Wlk. recitatella, Wlk. Goesa, Wlk. decusella, Wlk. Cimitra, Wlk. seclusella, Wlk. Ficulea, Wlk. blandulella, Wlk. Fresilia, Wlk. nesciatella, Wlk. Gesontha, Wlk. captiosella, Wlk. Aginis, Wlk. hilariella, Wlk. Cadra, Wlk. defectella, Wlk.

Fam. GLYPHYPTIDAE, Staint. Glyphyteryx, Huebn. scitulella, Wlk. Hybele, Wlk. mansuetella, Wlk.

Fam. TINEIDAE, Leach. Tinea, Linn. tapetzella, Linn. receptella, Wlk. pelionella, Linn. plagiferella, Wlk.

Fam. LYONETIDAE, Staint. Cachura, Wlk. objectella, Wlk.

Fam. PTEROPHORIDAE, Zell. Pterophorus, Geoffr. leucadactylus, Wlk. oxydactylus, Wlk. anisodactylus, Wlk.

Order Diptera, Linn.

Fam. MYCETOPHILIDAE, Hal. Sciara, Meig. *valida, Wlk.

Fam. CECIDOMYZIDAE, Hal. Cecidomyia, Latr. *primaria, Wlk.

Fam. SIMULIDAE, Hal. Simulium, Latr. *destinatum, Wlk.

Fam. CHIRONOMIDAE, Hal Ceratopogon, Meig. *albocinctus, Wlk.

Fam. CULICIDAE, Steph. Culex, Linn. regius, Thwaites. fuscanus, Wied. circumvolans, Wlk. contrahens, Wlk.

Fam. TIPULIDAE, Hal. Ctenophora, Fabr. Taprobanes, Wlk. Gymnoplistia? Westw. hebes, Wlk.

Fam. STRATIOMIDAE, Latr. Ptilocera, Wied. quadridentata, Fabr. fastuosa, Geist. Pachygaster, Meig. rufitarsis, Macq. Acanthina, Wied. azurea, Geist

Fam. TABANIDAE, Leach. Pangonia, Latr. Taprobanes, Wlk.

Fam. ASILIDAE, Leach. Trupanea, Macq. Ceylanica, Macq. Asilus, Linn. flavicornis, Macq. Barium, Wlk.

Fam. DOLICHOPIDAE, Leach. Psilopus, Meig. *procuratus, Wlk.

Fam. MUSCIDAE, Latr. Tachina? Fabr. *tenebrosa, Wlk. Musca. Linn. domestica, Linn. Dacus, Fabr. *interclusus, Wlk. *nigroseneus, Wlk. *detentus, Wlk. Ortalis, Fall. *confundens, Wlk. Sciomyza, Fall. *leucotelus, Wlk. Drosophila, Fall. *restituens, Wlk.

Fam. NYCTERIBIDAE, Leach. Nycteribia, Latr. ——? a species parasitic on Scatophilus Coromandelicus, Bligh. See ante, p. 161.

Order Hemiptera, Linn.

Fam. PACHYCORIDAE, Dall Cantuo, Amyot & Serv. ocellatus, Thunb. Callidea, Lap. superba, Dall. Stockerus, Linn.

Fam. EURYGASTERIDAE, Dall. Trigonosoma, Lap. Desfontainii, Fabr.

Fam. PLATASPIDAE, Dall. Coptosoma, Lap. laticeps, Dall.

Fam. HALYDIDAE, Dall. Halys, Fabr. dentate, Fabr.

Fam. PENTATOMIDAE, Suph. Pentatoma, Oliv. Timorensensis, Hope. Taprobanensls, Dall. Catacanthus, Spin. incarnatus, Drury. Rhaphigaster, Lap. congrua, Wlk.

Fam. EDESSIDAE, Dall. Aspongopus, Lap. Janus, Fabr. Tesseratoma, Lep. & Serv. papillosa, Drury. Cyclopelta, Am. & Serv. siccifolia, Hope.

Fam. PHYLLOCEPHALIDAE, Dall. Phyllocephala, Lap. AEgyptiaca, Lefeb.

Fam. MICTIDAE, Dall. Mictis, Leach. castanea, Dall. yalida, Dall. punctum, Hope. Crinocerus, Burm. ponderosus, Wlk.

Fam, ANISOSCELIDAE Dall. Leptoscelis, Lap. ventralis, Dall. turpis, Wlk. marginalis, Wlk. Serinetha, Spin. Taprobanensis, Dall. abdominalis, Fabr.

Fam. ALYDIDAE, Dall. Alydus, Fabr. linearis, Fabr.

Fam. STENOCEPHALIDAE, Dall. Leptocorisa, Latr. Chinensis, Dall.

Fam. COREIDAE, Steph. Rhopalus, Schill. interruptus, Wlk.

Fam. LYGAEIDAE, Westw. Lygaeus, Fabr. lutescens, Wlk. figuratus, Wlk. discifer, Wlk. Rhyparochromus, Curt. testaciepes, Wlk.

Fam. ARADIDAE, Wlk. Piestosoma, Lap. picipes, Wlk.

Fam. TINGIDAE, Wlk. Calloniana, Wlk. *elegans, Wlk.

Fam. CIMICIDAE, Wlk. Cimex, Linn. lectularius, Linn.?

Fam. REDUVIIDAE, Steph. Pirates, Burm. marginatus, Wlk. Acanthaspis, Am. & Serv. sanguinipes, Wlk. fulvispina, Wlk.

Fam. HYDROMETRIDAE, Leach. Ptilomera, Am. & Serv. laticauda, Hardw.

Fam. NEPIDAE, Leach. Belostoma, Latr. Indicum, St. Farg. & Serv. Nepa, Linn. minor, Wlk.

Fam. NOTONECTIDAE, Steph. Notonecta, Linn. abbreviata, Wlk. simplex, Wlk. Corixa, Geoff. *subjacens, Wlk.

Order Homoptara, Latr.

Fam. CICADIDAE, Westw. Dundubia, Am. & Serv. stipata, Wlk. Cioafa, Wlk. Larus, Wlk. Cicada, Linn. limitaris, Wlk. nuhifurea, Wlk.

Fam. FULCORIDAE, Schaum. Hotinus, Am. & Serv. maculatus, Oliv. fulvirostris, Wlk. coccineus, Wlk. Pyrops, Spin. punctata Oliv. Aphaena, Guer. sanguinalis, Westw. Elidiptera, Spin. Emersoniana, White.

Fam. CIXIIDAE, Wlk. Eurybrachys, Guer. tomentosa, Fabr. dilatata, Wlk. crudelis, Westw. Cixius, Latr. *nubilus, Wlk.

Fam. ISSIDAE, Wlk. Hemisphaerius, Schaum. *Schaumi, Stal. *bipustulatus, Wlk.

Fam. DERBIDAE, Schaum. Thracia, Westw. pterophorides, Westw. Derbe, Fabr. *furcato-vittata, Stal.

Fam. FLATTIDAE, Schaum. Flatoides, Guer. hyalinus, Fabr. tenebrosus, Wlk. Ricania, Germ. Hemerobii, Wlk. Poeciloptera, Latr. pulverulenta, Guer. stellaris, Wlk. Tennentina, White.

Fam. MEMBRACIDAE, Wlk. Oxyrhachis, Germ. *indicans, Wlk. Centrotus, Fabr. *reponens, Wlk. *malleus, Wlk. substitutus, Wlk. *decipiens, Wlk. *relinquens, Wlk. *imitator, Wlk. *repressus, Wlk. *terminalis, Wlk.

Fam. CERCOPIDAE, Leach. Cercopis, Fabr. inclusa, Wlk. Ptyelus, Lep. & Serv. costalis, Wlk.

Fam. TETTIGONIIDAE, Wlk. Tettigonia, Latr. paulula, Wlk.

Fam. SCARIDAE, Wlk. Ledra, Fabr. rugosa, Wlk. conica, Wlk. Gypona, Germ. prasina, Wlk.

Fam. IASSIDAE, Wlk. Acocephalus, Germ. porrectus, Wlk.

Fam. PSYLLIDAE, Latr. Psylla, Goff. *marginalis, Wlk.

Fam. COCCIDAE, Leach. Lecanium, Illig. Coffeae, Wlk.



CHAP. VII

ARACHNIDA—MYRIOPODA—CRUSTACEA, ETC.

With a few striking exceptions, the true spiders of Ceylon resemble in oeconomy and appearance those we are accustomed to see at home. They frequent the houses, the gardens, the rocks and the stems of trees, and along the sunny paths, where the forest meets the open country, the Epeira and her congeners, the true net-weaving spiders, extend their lacework, the grace of their designs being even less attractive than the beauty of the creatures that elaborate them.

Those that live in the woods select with singular sagacity the bridle-paths and narrow passages for expanding their nets; no doubt perceiving that the larger insects frequent these openings for facility of movement through the jungle; and that the smaller ones are carried towards them by the currents of air. These nets are stretched across the path from four to eight feet above the ground, hung from projecting shoots, and attached, if possible, to thorny shrubs; and sometimes exhibit the most remarkable scenes of carnage and destruction. I have taken down a ball as large as a man's head consisting of successive layers rolled together, in the heart of which was the den of the family, whilst the envelope was formed, sheet after sheet, by coils of the old web filled with the wings and limbs of insects of all descriptions, from the largest moths and butterflies to mosquitoes and minute coleoptera. Each layer appeared to have been originally suspended across the passage to intercept the expected prey; and, as it became surcharged with carcases, it was loosened, tossed over by the wind or its own weight, and wrapped round the nucleus in the centre, the spider replacing it by a fresh sheet, to be in turn detached and added to the mass within.

Walckenaer has described a species of large size, under the name of Olios Taprobanius, which is very common and conspicuous from the fiery hue of the under surface, the remainder being covered with gray hair so short and fine that the body seems almost denuded. It spins a moderate-sized web, hung vertically between two sets of strong lines, stretched one above the other athwart the pathways. Some of the spider-cords thus carried horizontally from tree to tree at a considerable height from the ground are so strong as to cause a painful check across the face when moving quickly against them; and more than once in riding I have had my hat lifted off my head by a single thread.[1]