R. paradoxa (paradoxical).—Stems trailing, with numerous long branches of most extraordinary form. Imagine a three-angled, fleshy branch, often several feet in length, the angles winged, about 1/2 in. deep, green, with smooth, reddish margins. At intervals of about 2 in. the branch has the appearance of having been twisted half round. There is no other plant with branches anything like these. Flowers produced in November, in the apex of the interrupted angles, small, white. Fruit seldom ripened. A native of Brazil, whence it was introduced in 1837. There is a fine example of this trained along a rafter in the Succulent-house at Kew. The numerous branches hang down several feet from the rafter, and have a most extraordinary appearance. This species requires stove treatment.

R. penduliflora (pendulous-flowered).—A small, thin-stemmed plant, with smooth, green branches, no thicker than whipcord, and numerous fascicled or clustered, small joints, 1/2 in. long, green, with red dots, angular when young. Flowers on the tips of the terminal joints, pale yellow, 1/2 in. across, developing in August. Fruit white, Mistletoe-like. This species was introduced from tropical America in 1877, and requires stove treatment.

R. p. laxa (loose).—This variety has the branches curving, and more pendulous; in other respects it resembles the type, and requires the same treatment.

R. pentaptera (five-winged).—Stems erect; branches stiff, long-jointed, with five wing-like angles, slightly spiral, the angles notched at intervals of 1 in. Flowers in the notches, 1/2 in. across, white, produced in August. Fruit a white, Mistletoe-like berry. A curious plant from Brazil, and introduced in 1836. In stove temperature it forms a compact pot-shrub, 2 ft. high, and is worth growing on account of its singular stems.

R. rhombea (diamond-branched).—Stems and branches as in R. crispata, but without the wavy margins, and with more elongated joints. Flowers small, white, produced in the notches of the joints in November. Fruit a shining, milk-white berry. A compact plant from Brazil, worth growing for its bright green, leaf-like stems. It should be grown in pots, in stove temperature, and encouraged to form a globose bush.

R. Saglionis (Saglio's); Bot. Mag. 4039.—A tiny plant, similar in habit to R. penduliflora, but with brown branches, the small joints angled, and bearing silky hairs. The branches and joints are set at zigzag angles. Flowers pale yellow, produced in autumn on the younger joints. Fruits white, Mistletoe-like. A small, delicate plant from Buenos Ayres, not more than 6 in. high. This species requires stove treatment.

R. salicornoides (Glasswort-like); Bot. Mag. 2461.—Stem woody when old, brown, jointed like hens' toes, not quite as thick as a goose-quill. Branches in clusters; joints 1/2 in. to 1 in. long, the lower half much thinner than the upper, so that the joints look like a number of superposed, miniature clubs. Flowers pretty, on the ends of the terminal joints, yellow, becoming red with age. An erect plant, 3 ft. or more high, introduced from Brazil in 1830. The joints are clustered on the upper part of the stem. When in flower in spring this is an attractive and very remarkable-looking plant. It thrives best in stove temperature.

R. s. stricta (straight).—This variety has the joints all pointing upwards, and is much more compact than the type.

R. sarmentacea (runner-stemmed); Fig. 90.—A creeping, prostrate plant, with round stems as thick as a goose-quill, and attaching themselves to tree-trunks or other bodies by means of numerous adventitious roots, which spring from the under side of the stems. Surface of stem furrowed, and covered with numerous small clusters of short, hair-like, whitish spines. Flowers 1 in. across, springing from the sides of the stems, with pointed, creamy-white petals; stamens spreading; stigma erect, four-lobed. Fruit small, currant-like. This is a pretty little species, introduced from Brazil in 1858; it is, however, a very slow grower, plants ten years old being only a few inches in diameter. It should be grown in stove temperature, in a basket of peat fibre, or, better still, on a piece of soft fern-stem. It is always found on the branches or trunks of trees when growing wild.



R. Swartziana (Swartz's).—Older stems three-angled, young ones flattened, jointed; joints 2 in. broad, stiff with deep notches. Flowers in the notches, small, white, produced in June. This species is a native of Jamaica, and was introduced in 1810. A stiff, ungraceful plant, about 2 ft. high, very similar in its branches to a Phyllocactus. This species requires the temperature of a stove.

R. trigona (triangular).—Habit straggling; branches usually in forks, 1/4 in. in diameter, three-angled; angles wavy or slightly notched, grey-green. Flowers small, produced in spring in the notches of the angles, white. Fruit a white berry. A thin, Brazilian plant, not unlike a Lepismium, but without the silky hairs in the notches of the angles. This species also requires to be grown in stove temperature.



CHAPTER XVII.

TEMPERATURES.

To enable growers to make a selection of species according to the accommodation that can be afforded for Cactuses, all that are described in this book are here classified in three groups: (1) Species which thrive in a cool-house or frame; (2) Species which can only be successfully grown in a warm house or stove; and (3) Species which are hardy in the more favoured portions of the United Kingdom.

COOL-HOUSE OR FRAME.

Temperature: Summer, that of the open air. Temperature: Winter—day, 50 deg. to 60 deg.; night, 40 deg. to 45 deg.

Cereus Berlandieri. " Blankii. " caespitosus. " cirrhiferus. " ctenoides. " enneacanthus. " flagelliformis. " Leeanus. " leptacanthus. " multiplex. " paucispinus. " pentalophus. " polyacanthus. " procumbens. " reductus. Cereus speciosissimus Echinocactus brevihamatus " centeterius. " cinnabarinus. " Cummingii. " echidne. " Emoryi. " gibbosus. " hexaedrophorus. " Leeanus. " Mackieanus. " mamillarioides. " rhodophthalmus. " texensis. " uncinatus. Echinocactus viridescens. Echinopsis, all the kinds. Mamillaria atrata. " chlorantha. " dasyacantha. " elegans. " elephantidens. " elongata. " fissurata. " floribunda. " gracilis. " longimamma. " macromeris. " macrothele. " multiceps. " phellosperma. " Schelhasii. " Schiedeana. Mamillaria semperviva. " stella-aurata. " tuberculosa. " uncinata. " viridis. " Wildiana. " Zucchariniana. Opuntia arborescens. " aurantiaca. " corrugata. " cylindrica. " Davisii. " Engelmanni. " Ficus-indica. " hystricina. " macrorhiza " occidentalis.

WARM-HOUSE OR STOVE.

It is possible that some of those included in this division will eventually prove hardier than is at present supposed. Many of the species now classed as cool-house plants, and even some of those which are hardy, were formerly grown in the stove.

Temperature: Summer-day, 70 deg. to 90 deg.; night, 65 deg. to 75 deg. Temperature: Winter-day, 60 deg. to 70 deg.; night, 55 deg. to 60 deg.

Cereus caerulescens. " extensus. " fulgidus. " giganteus. " grandiflorus. " Lemairii. " Macdonaldiae. " Mallisoni. " Napoleonis. " nycticalus. " peruvianus. " pleiogonus. " repandus. " serpentinus. " Royeni. " triangularis. " variabilis. Echinocactus concinnus. " coptonogonus. Echinocactus cornigerus. " corynodes. " cylindraceus. " Haynii. " horizonthalonis. " Le Contei. " longihamatus. " mamillosus. " multiflorus. " myriostigma. " obvallatus. " Ottonis. " pectiniferus. " polycephalus. " Pottsii. " scopa. " sinuatus. " tenuispinus. " turbiniformis. Echinocactus Visnaga. " Williamsii. " Wislizeni. Epiphyllum, all the kinds. Leuchtenbergia. Mamillaria, all not mentioned under "Cool-house Or Frame." Melocactus, all the kinds. Opuntia, all not included under "Cool-house or Frame." Pelecyphora. Pereskia, all the kinds. Phyllocactus, " Pilocereus, " Rhipsalis, "

OUTDOOR.

The following may be grown out of doors in the more favoured parts of England. For directions as to culture, see the chapter on Cultivation :—

Cereus Fendleri. Echinocactus Simpsoni. Mamillaria vivipara. Opuntia brachyarthra. Opuntia missouriensis. " Rafinesquii. " R. arkansana. " vulgaris.



CHAPTER XVIII.

DEALERS IN CACTUSES.

The difficulty experienced by amateurs in procuring plants of many kinds of Cactus has suggested to us that a list of some of the principal dealers in these plants would prove of service to English growers. So far as we know, there is no nurseryman in England who makes a specialty of Cactuses. Plants of such well-known genera as Epiphyllum, Phyllocactus, and Cereus in part, may be obtained in England, but for a collection of representative kinds we must perforce apply to Continental nurserymen. The most reliable of these for Cactuses are:

GERMANY.

Messrs. HAAGE & SCHMIDT, Erfurt.

Herr F. A. HAAGE, Junior, Erfurt.

Messrs. MUeLLER & SAUBER, Kassel, Hanover.

Herr H. HILDMANN, Oranienburg, Brandenburg.

Herr ERNST BERGE, Leipsic.

FRANCE.

M. EBERLE, Avenue de St. Ouen, 146, Paris.

M. JAMIN, Rue Lafontaine, 42, a St. Ouen, Paris.

BELGIUM.

M. LOUIS DE SMET, Ledeberg, Ghent.

M. BETTES, Borgerhont, Antwerp.

M. F. VERMUELEN, Rue Van Peet, Antwerp.

AMERICA.

Mr. C. RUNGE, San Antonio, Texas.

Messrs. REASONER BROTHERS, Florida.



SPECIES INDEX

Species are listed alphabetically according to Watson's nomenclature. The name(s) that is more likely to be recognised by modern readers is listed in brackets. I have used Anderson's book—The Cactus Family (Timber Press, 2001)—as my main guide. Monographs by Craig and by Pilbeam were invaluable in identifying 'Mamillarias'.

* Plants illustrated in the text.

Cereus Berlandieri (Echinocereus berlandieri) * Cereus Blankii (Echinocereus berlandieri) * Cereus caerulescens (Cereus aethiops) Cereus caespitosus (Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. caespitosus) * Cereus cirrhiferus (Echinocereus cinerascens) Cereus ctenoides (Echinocereus dasyacanthus) * Cereus enneacanthus (Echinocereus enneacanthus)* Cereus extensus (Selenicereus sp.?) Cereus Fendleri (Echinocereus fendleri) Cereus flagelliformis (Aporocactus (Disocactus) flagelliformis) Cereus fulgidus (Gymnocalycium gibbosum) Cereus giganteus (Carnegiea gigantea) * Cereus grandiflorus (Selenicereus grandiflorus) Cereus Leeanus (Echinocereus polyacanthus) Cereus Lemairii (Hylocereus lemairei) Cereus leptacanthus (Echinocereus pentalophus)* Cereus Macdonaldiae (Selenicereus macdonaldiae) Cereus Mallisoni (X Helioporus smithii) Cereus multiplex (Echinopsis oxygona) * Cereus multiplex cristatus (Echinopsis oxygona fa. cristata) * Cereus Napoleonis (Hylocereus trigonus) Cereus nycticalus (Selenicereus pteranthus) * Cereus paucispinus (Echinocereus coccineus ssp. paucispinus) Cereus pentalophus (Echinocereus pentalophus) Cereus peruvianus (Cereus repandus) Cereus pleiogonus (Echinocereus sp.—no longer identifiable)* Cereus polyacanthus (Echinocereus polyacanthus) Cereus procumbens (Echinocereus pentalophus ssp. procumbens) * Cereus reductus (Hybrid with Selenicereus sp. as one probable parent) Cereus repandus (Cereus repandus) * Cereus Royeni (Pilosocereus royenii) Cereus serpentinus (Peniocereus (Nyctocereus) serpentinus) * Cereus speciosissimus (Disocactus speciosus) Cereus triangularis (Hylocereus triangularis) Cereus variabilis (Acanthocereus tetragonus)

Echinocactus brevihamatus (Parodia (Notocactus) alacriportana ssp. brevihamata) Echinocactus centeterius (Eriosyce (Neoporteria) curvispina—possibly?) Echinocactus cinnabarinus (Echinopsis (Lobivia) cinnabarina) Echinocactus concinnus (Parodia (Notocactus) concinna) * Echinocactus coptonogonus (Stenocactus (Echinofossulocactus) coptonogonus) * Echinocactus cornigerus (Ferocactus latispinus) * Echinocactus corynodes (Parodia (Notocactus) sellowii) * Echinocactus crispatus (Stenocactus (Echinofossulocactus) crispatus) * Echinocactus Cummingii (Rebutia (Weingartia) neocummingii) Echinocactus cylindraceus (Ferocactus cyclindraceus (acanthodes)) Echinocactus echidne (Ferocactus echidne) Echinocactus Emoryi (Ferocactus emoryi) * Echinocactus gibbosus (Gymnocalycium gibbosus) Echinocactus Haynii (Matucana haynei) * Echinocactus hexaedrophorus (Thelocactus hexaedrophorus) * Echinocactus horizonthalonis (Echinocactus horizonthalonius) * Echinocactus Le Contei (Ferocactus cyclindraceus (acanthodes) ssp. lecontei) * Echinocactus Leeanus (Gymnocalycium leeanum) Echinocactus longihamatus (Ferocactus hamatacanthus) * Echinocactus Mackieanus (Gymnocalycium mackieanum) Echinocactus mamillarioides (Eriosyce (Neoporteria) curvispina—possibly?) Echinocactus mamillosus (Echinopsis mamillosa) Echinocactus multiflorus (Gymnocalycium monvillei) Echinocactus myriostigma (Astrophytum myriostigma) * Echinocactus obvallatus (Stenocactus (Echinofossulocactus) obvallatus) * Echinocactus Ottonis (Parodia (Notocactus) ottonis) Echinocactus pectiniferus (probably Echinocereus pectinatus) Echinocactus polycephalus (Echinocactus polycephalus)* Echinocactus Pottsii (Ferocactus pottsii) Echinocactus rhodophthalmus (Thelocactus bicolor) Echinocactus scopa (Parodia (Notocactus) scopa) * Echinocactus scopa cristata (Parodia (Notocactus) scopa fa. cristata) * Echinocactus Simpsonii (Pediocactus simpsonii) Echinocactus sinuatus (Ferocactus hamatacanthus ssp. sinuatus) Echinocactus tenuispinus (Parodia (Notocactus) ottonis) Echinocactus texensis (Echinocactus texensis) * Echinocactus turbiniformis (Strombocactus disciformis) Echinocactus uncinatus (Sclerocactus uncinatus) * Echinocactus viridescens (Ferocactus viridescens) Echinocactus visnaga (Echinocactus platyacanthus) * Echinocactus Williamsii (Lophophora williamsii) Echinocactus Wislizenii (Ferocactus wislizenii) *

Echinopsis campylacantha (Echinopsis leucantha) Echinopsis cristata (Echinopsis obrepanda) Echinopsis cristata purpurea (Echinopsis obrepanda v. purprea) Echinopsis Decaisneanus (identification now uncertain) * Echinopsis Eyriesii (Echinopsis eyriesii) Echinopsis Eyriesii flore-pleno (Echinopsis eyriesii) * Echinopsis Eyriesii glauca (Echinopsis eyriesii) Echinopsis oxygonus (Echinopsis oxygona) Echinopsis Pentlandi (Echinopsis (Lobivia) pentlandii) * Echinopsis Pentlandi longispinus (Echinopsis (Lobivia) pentlandii) * Echinopsis tubiflorus (Echinopsis tubiflora)

Epiphyllum Russellianum (Schlumbergera russelliana) * Epiphyllum truncatum (Schlumbergera truncata)

Leuchtenbergia principis (Leuchtenbergia principis) *

Mamillaria angularis (Mammillaria compressa) Mamillaria applanata (Mammillaria heyderi ssp. hemisphaerica) Mamillaria atrata (Eriosyce (Neoporteria) subgibbosa) Mamillaria bicolor (Mammillaria geminispina) Mamillaria chlorantha (Escobaria deserti) Mamillaria cirrhifera (Mammillaria compressa) Mamillaria clava (Coryphantha clava) Mamillaria dasyacantha (Escobaria dasyacantha) Mamillaria discolor (Mammillaria discolor) Mamillaria dolichocentra (Mammillaria polythele) * Mamillaria echinata (Mammillaria elongata ssp. echinaria) Mamillaria echinus (Coryphantha echinus) * Mamillaria elegans (Mammillaria haageana (elegans)) Mamillaria elephantidens (Coryphantha elephantidens) * Mamillaria elongata (Mammillaria elongata) Mamillaria fissurata (Ariocarpus fissuratus) * Mamillaria floribunda (Eriosyce (Neoporteria) subgibbosa) Mamillaria gracilis (Mammillaria vetula ssp. gracilis) Mamillaria Grahami (Mammillaria grahamii) Mamillaria Haageana (Mammillaria haageana) * Mamillaria longimamma (Mammillaria longimamma) * Mamillaria macromeris (Coryphantha macromeris) * Mamillaria macrothele (Coryphantha octacantha) Mamillaria micromeris (Epithelantha micromeris) * Mamillaria multiceps (Mammillaria prolifera ssp. texana) Mamillaria Neumanniana (Mammillaria magnimamma) Mamillaria Ottonis (Coryphantha ottonis) Mamillaria pectinata (Mammillaria pectinifera) * Mamillaria phellosperma (Mammillaria tetrancistra) Mamillaria pulchra (Mammillaria rhodantha) Mamillaria pusilla (Mammillaria prolifera) Mamillaria pycnacantha (Coryphantha pycnacantha) Mamillaria sanguinea (Mammillaria spinosissima) * Mamillaria Scheerii (Coryphantha poselgeriana) Mamillaria Schelhasii (Mammillaria crinita) * Mamillaria Schiedeana (Mammillaria schiedeana) Mamillaria semperviva (Mammillaria sempervivi) * Mamillaria senilis (Mammillaria senilis) Mamillaria stella-aurata (Mammillaria elongata) Mamillaria sub-polyhedra (Mammillaria polyedra) * Mamillaria sulcolanata (Coryphantha sulcolanata) Mamillaria tetracantha (Mammillaria polythele) Mamillaria tuberculosa (Escobaria tuberculosa) Mamillaria turbinata (Strombocactus disciformis ?) Mamillaria uncinata (Mammillaria uncinata) Mamillaria vetula (Mammillaria vetula) Mamillaria villifera (Mammillaria polyedra) Mamillaria viridis (Mammillaria karwinskiana) Mamillaria vivipara (Escobaria vivipara) Mamillaria vivipara v. radiosa (Escobaria vivipara) * Mamillaria Wildiana (Mammillaria crinita ssp. wildii) Mamillaria Wrightii (Mammillaria wrightii) Mamillaria Zucchariniana (Mammillaria magnimamma)

Melocactus communis (Melocactus intortus) * Melocactus depressus (Melocactus violaceus) Melocactus Miquelii (Melocactus intortus) *

Opuntia arborescens (Cylindropuntia imbricata) Opuntia arbuscula (Cylindropuntia arbuscula) Opuntia arenaria (Opuntia polyacantha v. arenaria) Opuntia Auberi (Opuntia auberi) Opuntia aurantiaca (Opuntia aurantiaca) Opuntia basilaris (Opuntia basilaris) * Opuntia Bigelovii (Cylindropuntia bigelovii) Opuntia boliviana (Cumulopuntia boliviana) * Opuntia brachyarthra (Opuntia fragilis) * Opuntia braziliensis (Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis) Opuntia candelabriformis (Opuntia spinulifera) Opuntia clavata (Grusonia clavata) Opuntia cochinellifera (Opuntia cochenillifera) Opuntia corrugata (Tunilla corrugata) Opuntia curassavica (Opuntia curassavica) Opuntia cylindrica (Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica) Opuntia cylindrica cristata (Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica fa. cristata) Opuntia Davisii (Cylindropuntia davisii) Opuntia decumana (Opuntia ficus-indica) Opuntia diademata (Tephrocactus articulatus) Opuntia Dillenii (Opuntia dillenii) * Opuntia echinocarpa (Cylindropuntia echinocarpa) Opuntia Emoryi (Grusonia emoryi) Opuntia Engelmanni (Opuntia engelmannii) Opuntia Ficus-indica (Opuntia ficus-indica) * Opuntia filipendula (Opuntia macrorhiza v. pottsii) * Opuntia frutescens (Cylindropuntia leptocaulis) Opuntia Grahami (Grusonia grahamii) Opuntia horrida (Opuntia tuna) Opuntia hystricina (Opuntia polyacantha v. hystricina) Opuntia leptocaulis (Cylindropuntia leptocaulis) Opuntia leucotricha (Opuntia leucotricha) Opuntia macrocentra (Opuntia macrocentra) Opuntia macrorhiza (Opuntia macrorhiza) * Opuntia microdasys (Opuntia microdasys) Opuntia missouriensis (Opuntia polyacantha) Opuntia monacantha (Opuntia monacantha) Opuntia nigricans (Opuntia elatior) Opuntia occidentalis (Opuntia X occidentalis) Opuntia Parmentieri (Opuntia longispina var. brevispina?) Opuntia Parryi (Cylindropuntia californica) Opuntia Rafinesquii (Opuntia humifusa) * Opuntia rosea (Cylindropuntia rosea) * Opuntia Salmiana (Opuntia salmiana) Opuntia spinosissima (Consolea spinosissima) Opuntia subulata (Austrocylindropuntia subulata) Opuntia Tuna (Opuntia tuna) * Opuntia tunicata (Cylindropuntia tunicata) Opuntia vulgaris (Opuntia ficus-indica) Opuntia Whipplei (Cylindropuntia whipplei)

Pelecyphora aselliformis (Pelecyphora aselliformis) *

Pereskia aculeata (Pereskia aculeata) Pereskia aculeata rubescens (Pereskia aculeata) Pereskia Bleo (Pereskia bleo) * Pereskia zinniaeflora (Pereskia zinniiflora) *

Phyllocactus Ackermannii (Disocactus ackermannii or hybrid) * Phyllocactus anguliger (Epiphyllum anguliger) * Phyllocactus biformis (Disocactus biformis) * Phyllocactus crenatus (Epiphyllum crenatum) Phyllocactus grandis (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) Phyllocactus Hookeri (Epiphyllum hookeri) Phyllocactus latifrons (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) Phyllocactus phyllanthus (Epiphyllum phyllanthus) Phyllocactus phyllanthoides (Disocactus phyllanthoides)

Pilocereus Bruennonii (Oreocereus celsianus) * Pilocereus Houlletianus (Pilosocereus leucocephalus) * Pilocereus senilis (Cephalocereus senilis)

Rhipsalis Cassytha (Rhipsalis baccifera) Rhipsalis commune (Lepismium cruciforme) Rhipsalis crispata (Rhipsalis crispata) Rhipsalis crispata purpurea (Rhipsalis crispata) Rhipsalis fasciculata (Rhipsalis baccifera) Rhipsalis floccosa (Rhipsalis floccosa) Rhipsalis funalis (Rhipsalis grandiflora) * Rhipsalis Houlletii (Lepismium houlletianum) Rhipsalis Knightii (Lepismium cruciforme) Rhipsalis mesembryanthemoides (Rhipsalis mesembryanthemoides) Rhipsalis myosurus (Lepismium cruciforme) Rhipsalis pachyptera (Rhipsalis pachyptera) Rhipsalis paradoxa (Rhipsalis paradoxa) Rhipsalis penduliflora (Rhipsalis cereuscula) Rhipsalis penduliflora laxa (Rhipsalis cereuscula) Rhipsalis pentaptera (Rhipsalis pentaptera) Rhipsalis rhombea (identification now uncertain) Rhipsalis Saglionis (Rhipsalis cereuscula) Rhipsalis salicornoides (Hatiora salicornioides) Rhipsalis salicornoides stricta (Hatiora salicornioides) Rhipsalis sarmentacea (Lepismium lumbricoides) * Rhipsalis Swartziana (Pseudorhipsalis alata) Rhipsalis trigona (Rhipsalis trigona)

THE END