Conservatism of the French Canadians, 15, 17, 32, 41 United Empire Loyalists, 18

Constitutional Act of 1791, and the Clergy Reserve question, 48-9

Constitutional Question in Canada, three allied problems forming, Elgin's mode of dealing with, 201 et sqq.

Convent Education of Women, 16, 31

Copyright prohibition, effect on Reading habits, 39 &n., 40

Corduroy Roads, 12

Cornwall, Strachan's School at, 35

Corruption, political, in Canada, 315 et sqq.; Brown's salutary counteraction of, 341

County Courts, Canadian, new system set up, 106

Crime, in early days, 29 &n.2, 30

Crown, the, and the Case of a Governor-General, compared by Stanley, 152-3

Crown Colony administration, period of, 4-5

D

Dalhousie, Earl of, Governor-General, 189-90

Daly, Sir Dominick, the "perpetual secretary," 168, 176, 177

Darwin, and Bright & Cobden, parallel between, 284

Davidson, John, retirement of, 150

Day, Charles Dewey, 113

Debate in House of Commons on Canadian affairs (1844), 182

Defence of Canada (see also Militia Bill), British views on, 254, 272, 287 et sqq.

Democracy, attitude to, of the Family Compact, 60 et sqq.

Democratic Government in Canada, established by Elgin, 190 Institutions, Elements of Success in, 320

Derby, Earl of (see for earlier references, Stanley, Lord), 252

Derbyites, and Separation, 290

Despatches of Elgin and later Governors, 208-9, 249, 325

Diplomacy, and Separation, 287 War, and Land as matters for Imperial Control, in Wakefield's view, 240

District Councils for French Canada set up, 98, 118, 119

Draper, Hon. H. W., Attorney-General, leader of Ministerialists, 105, 111 &n., 113, 150, 177; Metcalfe on, 184; Resignation of, 194 on the Political crisis of 1842, 134-5

Disraeli, Benjamin (Earl of Beaconsfield), Imperialism of, misgivings in, 255-8, 292

District Council Bill (Canadian), passed, 106, 118

Doctrinaire, the, in Practical Politics, position of Metcalfe as illustrating, 185,

Domestic Colonial affairs, Imperial Intervention in, views of Russell, and of Grey, 271-2, 274

Dorchester, Earl of, and Colonial affairs, 4; and the French Canadians, 13

Dorion, A. A., see Brown-Dorion ministry

"Double majority," evolution of, 307-8

"Double Shuffle" episode, 318-9

Dougalls, the, and the Montreal Witness, 38-9

Drunkenness, among Whites and Indians, 30; among Members of Parliament, 320

Durham, Earl of, Governor-General, 6, 14, 71, 76, 190, 191, 251; Canadian views on, 190; and the Change in British views on Canadian affairs, 237; and the Destruction of French Nationalism, 57, 59, 83, 211, 311-2; and Immigration, 97; Responsible Colonial government as advocated by, 61, 149, 166, 244-5; non-Separationist views, 281; Visit of, to Canada, 31 on the Catholic clergy of Lower Canada, 41-2; on Local Government, 94

Durham's Report, 4 n., 5 n., 6, 57; Effects of, 249; Fallacy in, 260-1; Illusions on, dispelled, 243-4; Imperial note of, 246-7

E

Economics, and Separation, 220, 285-6, 330-1

Education, French-Canadian, 14, 15, 16 by Newspaper, 38-9 School and College, 31 et sqq., 136 of Scottish immigrants, 23

Ekfried, Early Education at, 33

Elgin, Countess of, 190

Elgin, Earl of, Governor-Generalship of, 7, 56, 70, 187 et sqq. Character and Politics of, 188 et sqq., 190, 191, 209, 221, 225 et sqq., 256, 297; Chief result of his rule, 190, 268-71; Despatches of, 325, Influence of, on Autonomy movement, 188 et sqq., 228-9, and on Grey's Colonial policy, 275; Insult to, 204, 208-9, 227, 320, Scottish loyal address on, 328-9; and Irish disaffection, 200, 337; Non-Separationist views of, 278, 281; Relations with French Canada, 193, 195-6, 198, 210 et sqq., 222 Later career of, 188-9, 191 on Baldwin, 110, 339; on British Press methods, 232; on Canadian attitude to Free Trade, 220, 285-6; on Canadian Party Politics, 56, 195, 293, 295; on the elections of 1844, 181; on French Canadian Nationalism, 196, and Loyalty (1850), 305-6; on Metcalfe's policy, 192, 202; on Montreal, its inhabitants and Annexation views at (1849), 334; on Moral influence of Governors, 324; on Sydenham's attitude to Autonomy, 123-4; on True and False Imperialism, 224-5

Emigration and its horrors, 20-1; Wakefield's system of, 238

English Canadians, loyalty of, 338

English character of Colonists, Disraeli's views on, 257-8

English tone in Canadian Society (circ. 1846), 26-7

Episodes in a Life of Adventure, by Oliphant, referred to, 225

Examiner, The, Politics of, 64

Executive Council, British and Canadian views on, 71 et sqq. Sydenham's, inherited by Bagot, 131; Stanley's advice on, 129, 136, 143, 144-5, actual Composition of, 144; La Fontaine's demands and the upshot, 149 et sqq.; Stanley's sarcasm, 152-3

Executive Responsibility, as conceived by Durham, 244-5

F

"Family Compact," the, Political views, and position of, 18, 60 et sqq., 101, 129-30, 133

Farmers, Life and work of (circa 1845), 28-9

Federation, see Confederation

Finance, Canadian (see also Civil List, Clergy Reserves, Tariffs, Taxation), in 1839, 86; Bagot's action concerning, 137-8; Grey on, in 1846, 272

Foley, ——, 325

Forests, difficulties due to, 9, 12-13

Fowlds, Matthew, on Life at Coburg (1845), 27-8 &n.1

Franchise conditions (1832), 22

Free-Trade, effects of, in Canada, 220, 285-6, 330; Views on, of Elgin, 220, 285-6, and of Grey, 267, 272-4, 285

French, the, in Canada, see French-Canadians

French-British Political solidarity (see also Anglo-French bloc), birth of, 215 et sqq.

French Canadians of Lower Canada (see also Papineau, Rebellions, &c.), 13-17 Anti-Union movement among, 103 District Councils set up for, 95, 118, 119 Fate settled by Poulett-Thomson, 79-90 Importance of, in 1842, 131, 132, 133-6, 141, 148, need for Conciliating, Harrison on, 133-4; Admission of, to Office, problem of, and struggle for, 133 et sqq., the climax, 148-51, the aftermath, 151 et sqq. Influence of the Roman Catholic clergy in, 15, 32-3, 337 Language question and, 90 Loyalty of, 337-8 Nationalism, and the Nationalist Party among, Anglicization of, efforts towards, 57, 59, 83, 142, 211, 306, 311-12; Obvious fault of, 196; Problem of, on Elgin's arrival, 193, 195-6, 198, Elgin's solution of the difficulties, 210 et sqq., 305; Irritation of, over Parliamentary Representation, 311-13; Confederation favoured by, 314 Political views of (see also Conservatism, Nationalism supra, Rouges), 15-17, 32, 41, 57-9, 105, 143, 196, 210 et sqq., 301, 302, 305, 331, 338 Privileges accorded to, by Grey, 268 Relations with Bagot, 57, 146-7, 149-50; with Elgin, 193, 195-6, 198, 215, 222, 305-6; with Metcalfe, 176-7, 195-6; with Sydenham, 79 et sqq., 125, 132-5, 176

French Revolution, the, Effects of, 4, 248

Fur-trade, Social drawbacks of, 29-30

G

Galt, Alexander Tilloch, and Canadian Tariffs, 327; on Separation, 286-7

George III., and the Colonies, 248

Girouard, John Joseph, and the rebellion, 142; Office open to, 150

Gladstone, Rt. Hon. W. E., trained by Peel, 189-90, 200; and Administrative Liberalism, 280; as Colonial Secretary, 251, 256 on British approval of Metcalfe's methods, 193; on Rebellion Losses Bill, 206 n.; on Separation, 266-7, 285

Glenelg, Lord, at the Colonial Office, 236; and the Clergy Reserve question, 49; on Canadian local rights, 236

Globe, The, Brown's newspaper, on the Clear-Grits, 300 n.2; Influence of, 311, 341-2

Good Government essential to Colonial Empire, Molesworth on, 281-2

Gourlay, Robert, agitator, Scottish origin of, 23

Governor-General and Assembly, Russell's instructions concerning, 72 et sqq. and Colonial Executive, relations between, as sketched by Grey, 269 in relation to Confederation, 325 Diminution of importance of, after Autonomy, 324 et sqq. Duties of, Sydenham's views on, 119-21 Salary of (see also Civil List), Brown's attitude on, 342

Governors-General referred to, in order of date, see also under Names Dalhousie, Earl of, 1820 Colborne, Sir John (acting), 1830 Thomson, C. Poulett, 1833; later Lord Sydenham, 1841 Durham, Earl of, 1838 Colborne, Sir John, 1838 Bagot, Sir Charles, 1842 Metcalfe, Lord, 1843 Cathcart, Earl of, 1846 Elgin, Earl of, 1847 Head, Sir Edmund W., 1854 Monck, Viscount, 1861

Grant, General Ulysses, 290

Great Britain (see also British), and the Colonies, future relations between, MacDonald on, 344 Imperial policy of, under Grey, 275-6 et proevi; Change in, process and progress of, 291 Relations with Canada as affected by Autonomy, 323 et sqq.; Basis of, 239

Greville, Charles, on Poulett Thomson, 77

Grey, Earl, as Colonial Secretary, 196, 222, 237; Characteristics of the man and his ideas, 267 et sqq.; Events of his term of office, 268 et sqq. Colonial policy of, 190-1, 196, 199, 256, 267-8 et sqq.; Elgin's influence on, 209 &n.2, 275; and Federation, 196-7; Free Trade with Canada urged by, 267-8, 272-4; and the Militia Bill crisis, 290; Views of, on Separation, 278, 281, occasional misgivings, 223, 283 on Attitude of a Governor of a Self-governing Colony, 269-70; on British indifference to Canada (1851), 232; on Elgin's best attitude to the Canadian Executive of 1848, 200; on Newspaper misrepresentation, 232; on Separationist views at Westminster, 260-7

Grey, Sir George, on the Clergy Grants, 48 &n.1

Grote, George, and Separation, 282

H

Habitants, the, Characteristics of, 15-17

Hamilton, Population (1846), 24

Harrison, S. B., Secretary, 105, Moderate Reform views of, 119, 176; Resolutions moved by, on Provincial Parliaments, 119-20 on the Need for Responsible Government, and for Conciliation of the French Canadians, 133-4

Harvey, Sir John, Grey's letter to, on attitude of Governors of Self-Governing Colonies, 269-70

Head, Sir Edmund W., as Governor-General, 324; Averse to the "Double majority," 307-8

Head, Sir F. B., on Baldwin, 109

Herbert, Sydney (Lord Herbert of Lea), 189

Higginson, Captain, and La Fontaine, 172

Hincks, Sir Francis, Advocate of Responsible Government, 38; Press exponent of Reforming Loyalist views, 64, 196; in Bagot's Executive, 144; Interpretation by, of Durham's Report, 243-4; Political morality of, attacked, 315 on the Civil List difficulty, 163; on Coalitions, 298-9; on the Patronage Crisis, 170; on the Reformers, 113

Hincks-Morin Ministry, the, and Moderate re-union, 298

Home Rule (see also Autonomy), Evolution of, in Canada, antithesis of, to Russell's theory, 229

Hume, Joseph, and Canadian politics, 231, 282

Hyderabad, Metcalfe at, 159

I

Immigration and its Problems, 20 et sqq., 97-8, 238

Imperial Aid to Religious bodies in Canada, see Anglican Church, and Clergy Reserve question Control, Struggle for, 1-229, et passim; Views of various British politicians, 230 et sqq. Creed of Durham and Buller, not that of their party, 281 Government, and the French Canadians, 136 Note of Durham's Report, 246-7 Solidarity, some staunch believers in, 274 Sentiment, and Bagot's action, antagonism between, 149 Tariff, 273 Unity, Burke's view on, 2, 3, 6

Imperial Parliament, Courtesies of, 66; Over-ruling by, of Canadian wishes, various views on, 200; as Training school for Colonial Governors, 121

Imperial Titles Bill, Disraeli's speech on, 255-8

Imperialism, British, Early Victorian, 230 Disraeli's, the gaps in, 253 et sqq. Durham's, 281 Elgin's, 217 et sqq. True basis of, Feeling rather than Laws, 329

Independence, Colonial, Russell on, 263 and Loyalty, ratio between, 345-6

Independence of Parliament Act, as affecting Resignations, 319

Independency, as moulding New England Character, 41

Indian Career of Elgin, 189, 191, and of Metcalfe, 158-9

Indians, Canadian, Trade and Drink as affecting, 29-30

Institut Canadien, Annexationist advocate, 332 &n.1

Internal government, and Imperial matters, Durham's distinction concerning, 244-5

Irish Agitation, as affecting Canada, 22 &n.2, 200, 337 Immigrants; as Colonists, 21, 22, 23; Political trend of, 163; Turbulence of, 22, 67, 179; won by Elgin, 222; Arriving after the Famine, anxieties caused by, 332-3

Irish-American hostility to Great Britain as affecting Canada, 288-9, 332, 333

Irish Republican Union, 207

J

Jackson, General ("Stonewall"), 290

Jamaica, Metcalfe's success in, 159, 167

Jameson, Mrs., on Colonel Talbot as Colonist, 19; on Toronto and its Conventionalism, 26

K

King's College, Toronto, 36

Kingston, Anglicanism in, 43, 44; as Capital, 103; Educational efforts at, 36; Election riots near (1844), 179; Population of (1839-46), 13, 24; Presbyterianism in, 44; Removal from, of the Seat of Government, 171, 176

Kingston Chronicle and Gazette, on the Anglo-French Anti-Union Movement, 103 &n.2

Knox, John, & Melville, Canadian followers of, 44

L

Lachine, portage to, 10

Lachine Canal, 179

La Fontaine, Sir Louis, Leader of French Canadians, 14, 32, 59, 65, 295; and Anglo-French cooperation, 125, 162; and the Anti-Union movement, 103; Claims of, as to Office, 149, Bagot's action, 150-1; and the Clergy Reserve troubles, 52-3; Loss of Election by, 113, 117; Loyalty of, 338; Office refused by (1845), 96; accepted (1848), effects of, 305; and the Patronage Crisis, 168, 171; and the Rebellion of 1837, 142; and the Rebellion Losses Bill, 214; Restrictive attitude to Governors-General, 162; on the Importance of the Anglo-French Union, 177; on Patronage, 172-3

La Fontaine-Baldwin Ministries, 161, 212, 215-16, 229, 295, 298

Laissez faire doctrine, in British colonial politics, 188, 230; Autonomy the natural result of, 291; and Home Control, in Colonial affairs, Grey's views on, 267 et sqq.; as Influencing Annexationism, 334

Lake Ontario, 10

Lake-neutralization Treaty, see Rush-Bagot Treaty

Lanark, Scottish and Canadian, ties between, 45

Land transfers, under French law, Sydenham's efforts to simplify, 95-6, 306

Languages for Debates and Records, 90

Lee, General, 290

Legislative and Executive powers of Canadian Government, views on, of Russell, and of the Canadians, 71 et sqq.

Lewis, Cornewall, 238

Liberal-Conservatism Canadian, evolution of, 297

Liddell, Dr., and Queen's College, 37

Lincoln, President, Brown's support of, 341

Literary Inactivity, Canadian, some causes, 39 &n., 40

"Little Englanders," Early Victorian, 278 et sqq., 292

Local government, Absence of Provision for, in Act of Union, 93-5; in French Canada, Bagot on, 57; as Training for higher politics, 94; Sydenham's views on, 94, and efforts for, 106

London, and Early Canadian Society, 27

London (Ontario), in early days, 13; population of (1846), 24

Lower Canada, French-Canadians of (q.v.), Clericalism, Politics and Society among, 14-17; Priestly control of Schools in, 31-2 Municipal Franchise limitations in; results, 25 Union with Upper, difficulties in, 82

Lowland Scots, as Settlers, 21

Loyalist electioneering practices (1844), 179-80

Loyalty, Canadian, as affected by Autonomy, 203, 229, 314, 323 et sqq. Inspiration given to, by Brown and such men, 342-3 Mistrust of, begotten over the Militia Bill, 289

Lyons, Lord, on Elgin's Reciprocity Treaty, 288 n.

Lucas, Sir C. P. cited, 4 n., 5 n.

Lumberers, Wild life among, 30

M

Macaulay, Lord, on Metcalfe, 159

MacDonald, Rolland, on Annexation, 336

Macdonald-Sicotte Ministry, and the "Double majority," 309

Macdonald, Sir John A., and Annexation, 336; Averse to the "Double majority," 308-9; Basis of his control of power, 216; and Brown's scheme of Confederation, 302 et sqq.; Imperialism of, 23; Leadership of, 325; Loyalty of, 339, 343-4; Political Morality of, 317-19, 321, 324, 341 and Representation by Population, 316 on Canada's Governors-General, 325-6; on Change of Political views, 296

M'Gee, D'Arcy, on the Irish-Catholic vote in Canada (1866), 332-3; on Loyalty of Irish Canadians, 333, 337

M'Gill University, 37

Mackenzie, Alexander, Liberal leader, 23; Political rectitude of, 321

Mackenzie, William Lyon, Press organ of, 38; Rebellion under, 5, 11, 55, recognition by, of its error, 63

MacNab-Hincks Ministry, the, 300

MacNab, Sir Allan Napier, Tory leader, 62, 63, 105, 133, 143, 167, 300, 301; and Bagot, 141, 143, 150, 151; Defender of the Clergy Reserves, 62, 63; Invited by Elgin to form a Ministry, 204; and Political jobbery, 316-7

M'Taggart, —, on French Canadians, 16; on Irish settlers, 16, 21; on Quebec as Social Centre, 25; on Squatter life, 29

Manners, Lord John, on the Future of Canada, 254-5

Marriage and the Squatter, 29

Melbourne, Earl of, 280

Metcalfe, Lord (Sir Charles Metcalfe), as Governor-General, 7 n., 70, 158 et sqq.; Character and qualifications of, 158-61, 164, 181, 183; earlier career, 159-60, 267 Attitude of his Cabinet, 66; Despatches cited, 164-5; Dislike or party, results of, 167-8; and the La Fontaine-Baldwin Ministry, 229; Last days in harness, 183; and Local administration, 295; and the Patronage crisis of 1843, 168-70, 202; Policy of, Elgin on, 192, 202, Grey on, 267; Struggles of, to balance Autonomy and Supremacy, 161 et sqq.; Supporters of, 182, 240, 249, 261; and the United Empire Loyalists, 17-18 on Demagogues in Lower Canada, 14-15; on Durham's view of Executive Responsibility, 244; on Electioneering Language, 67; on the Influence of the Roman Church in Canada, 32 n.; on Irish agitation and its effects on Canada, 21 n.2; on the Parliament of 1844, 181; on Results of Bagot's administration, 157; on Sydenham's concession of Responsible Government, 229

Methodism in Canada, 15-17; and Education, 46

Military attitude to Elgin, 204 &n. Prominence in Canadian Society, 26 Settlers, 18, 20 Views on Separation, 290

Militia Bill, Canadian rejection of, and the effects, 289-90; True inwardness of the affair, 328-9

Mill, John Stuart, on the Authorship of Durham's Report, 243 n.2

Minerve, La, on the Rouges, 301

Ministerial Responsibility to the Crown, and to a Governor, Stanley on, 152-3

Ministerialist Party (1841), 105

Ministers, Loyal, and the Assembly, difficulties between (1845), 184

Moffat, George, Politics of, 151

Molesworth, ——, on Separation, 281

Monck, Viscount, as Governor, 324; scanty Despatches of, 325; on the Militia Bill, 329

Montreal, British and French views in, 14; and the Election of 1844, 178, 179-80; Merchants of, and the Reciprocity Treaty, 222; zealous Annexationists, 334; Population of, 13, 24; Riots at, 67, 68, 179-80, 206, 208, 227, 320, 326; Roads near (1840), 11; as Seat of Government, 68, 171; Social conditions at (1840), 26; Suburbs of, 102

Montreal Gazette, on Independence, 335

Montreal Witness, The, characteristics and value of, 38-9

Moral Influence of Governors, versus Political Patronage, Elgin on, 198, and as exercised by him, 205 et sqq.

Morin, Augustin Norbert, French Canadian politician, 59, and the Nationalists, 105

Mowat, Oliver, Liberal leader, 23

Murdoch, T. W. C., 104 n., 140-1; the Need for Conciliating the French, 135; on Stanley's view of Canadian autonomy, 131

N

Nation Canadienne, La, 13; as represented in the Union Assembly, 59

Navigation Acts, Restrictions of, abolished by Grey, 267, 272

Neilson, ——, and the Anti-Union movement, 103, 105, 151; and the Amnesty question, 149

Newcastle, Duke of, and Monck's scanty Despatches, 325

Newspaper Opinion, real value of, 233

Newspapers, Educational and Political influence of, 38-9 &nn., 311, 341-2

Non-Separationists, the four, 278, 491

Normanby, Earl of, 248

North, Lord, and the Colonies, 248

Nova Scotia, 269

O

Oath of Supremacy, Baldwin's difficulty concerning, 112; Dispensed with, by Sydenham, 113 n.

O'Connell, Daniel, 22

Office, Colonial, Change in Tenure of, 74-5

Ogden, ——, Political views of, 113; retirement of, 150

"Old Toryism" after concession of Responsible Government, 203 et sqq.

Oliphant, Laurence, on Elgin in Canada, 204-5, 221, 222, 225

Orange Lodge, the, Politics of, 167

Ottawa, see Bytown

Ottawa River route, 10

P

Pakington, Sir John, and the Clergy Reserves dispute, 252-3

Palmerston, Viscount, 280

Papineau, Louis, French-Canadian Leader, 14, 301, 331; Rebellion led by, 3; Republicanism of, 65, 271; Return of, to Public Life (1847-8), 198-9, 212-13, 271, 305, 331-2; as Leader of the Rouges, 301, 331

Parliament, British, see Imperial Parliament Canadian characteristics of, 65, 289; First Union, 59, composing group, 104, 113, Crisis in, on Responsible Government, 113-22, Five great measures carried by, 106

Parliamentary Representation after the Union, Proportionalism in, 309-11, attempted reform, 311 et sqq.

Party Government, and Colonial Constitutional development, views on, of Wakefield, 239-40, and of Buller, 242 Names, as used in Canada, 56, 106, 195, 295 Politics in Canada, before and after Autonomy, 56, 106, 166-7, 173, 185, 195, 293 et sqq., 302-5 et sqq.

Patronage, Crisis concerning, 168-70; Surrender of, by Elgin, 198, 279

Peel, Sir Robert, 262, 283; and Elgin, a comparison, 226; and "the Man on the spot," 147-8; and the Permanent Staff of the Colonial Office, 235; Political pupils of, 189; and Stanley, 128; Transforming influence of, on the Whigs, 280; Views of, on Separation, 253-4, 266-7, 278

Peelites, the, and Party ties, 297; Views of, on Separation, 266, 285 Canadian, 301

Permanent Officials, and Transitory Chiefs, 234-5

Perry, Peter, Baldwin's letter to, on Annexation, 340

Personalities and Politics, 66

Perth (Canada), Early Educational efforts at, 33-4; and its Minister, 48

Pessimism of British opinion on the Colonies circa 1844, 246

Pilot, The, 196

Pioneers, the, of Canadian Self-government, 237-8 et sqq.

Political Groups, Canadian—British Early days, 14, 56; (a) United Empire Loyalists, 17, 20; (b) Half-Pay Officers, 18; (c) Immigrants, 20, 56 Later days—Anglo-French bloc, 65, 161; Liberal-Conservatives, 297 French-Canadian, 14, 15, 20; importance of, 56-9

Political Manners and Morals, after Autonomy, 314 et sqq.

Political and Material conditions and Needs of Canada in 1839, 68-9

Politics in early days, 13 et sqq., 64 et sqq.; per Newspaper, 38; Questions of chief concern, 56; Turbulence in (see Montreal riots), 65-8 et alibi

Population, Canadian, Composition of, and Problems of, 13 et sqq.; Changes in distribution, 1830-60, in reference to Parliamentary Representation, 310-11; Town, growth of, 24

Preference, and Retaliation, Elgin's difficulties as to, 220

Presbyterianism in Canada, 43, 44-5, 47; Influence of, on Scottish democracy, 41

Press, British, and Canadian Politics, 232-3 Canadian, see Newspapers Indian, Disabilities of, relieved by Metcalfe, 159

Progressives, Canadian, Loyalty of, 339

Protection as enemy to Canadian-British connexion, Grey's view on, 285

Provincial Parliament, Baldwin's motion for, 119; Resolutions replying to, 119-21

Provincialism, and its causes, 26, 27, 40

Public Lands Regulation enacted, 106 Opinion, Canadian, development and trend of, 133; as affected by Autonomy, 292, 329 et sqq.; Sydenham's attitude to, 87 Works, Canadian, condition in early days, 25-6; British loan for, projected by Sydenham, 97 et sqq.

Purse-holding and Prerogative, Bagot on, 165

Q

Queen's College, Kingston, 55; history of, 37

Quebec, British, and British views in, 14; Immigrant miseries at, 97; Length of voyage to, 9; Population-Centre, 13, increase in population of (1790-1844), 24; as Social Centre, 25; Suburbs of, 102; Urban conditions in, 25

R

Racial Distinction, intensified by Autonomy, 306

Radical party, Separation anticipated by, 278, 281

Radicals of the Durham brand, views of, on the Colonies, circa 1844, 246 et proevi

Ranjit Singh, Metcalfe's Treaty with, 158

Reactionaries, Insight of, as to results of Innovations, 166-7

Reading-habits how checked (1839), 39, 40

Rebellion, Risk of, from Metcalfe's methods, 158, 186, 191, 193

Rebellion Losses Act, effects of, 68, 213, 214, 215, Annexation agitation connected with, 220-1, 232-3, 265 &n.1; and the "Double majority, " 307; Elgin's action concerning, 206-9, 214, 220-1, 335; Gladstone on, 250; and the Tories, 335

Rebellions in Canada, 5, 11, 14, 15, 36, 38, 55-6, 57, 59, 103, 124, 186; After-effects, 135, 213-15; Change in British opinion after, by whom directed, 237 et sqq.; Mackenzie on (1848), 63; Molesworth's views on, 281; Settlers' attitude to, 55-6

Reciprocity, Grey on, 273 and Loyalty, Elgin's view on, 220

Reciprocity Treaty, Elgin's, 221-2, 287, 336; Benefits of, 222, 272; as affected by Canadian Autonomy, 288 &n.; Cessation of (cf. Free Trade), effects on Canadian Trade, 272

Reform, Colonial, Stanley's mistrust of, 142

Reform Parties, Canadian and British, 295

Reform Party, Canadian (Reformers, Reforming Loyalists, Reforming Opposition), Acceptance by, of Bagot's action, as concession to their views; consequences in Metcalfe's Governor-Generalship, 161 et sqq.; Attitude to the French, 65; Civil List control desired by, 163; Demand for Executive Council, Russell's objections and concessions, 72-5; in Early Assemblies, 63, Methods and Leaders of, 64; Measures favoured by, 64-5; and Responsible Government, 101; in the Second Union Parliament, 141; Faculty for setting themselves in the wrong, 228 Constitutional, Loyalty of, 339 Intransigeant, 301

Religion in Canada, Forms prevalent; see Anglicanism, Methodism, Presbyterianism, Roman Catholicism

Representation Act, the, 310

Responsible Government (see also Autonomy), the Struggle for, passim Baldwin on, 110-11 Conflict over, in first Union Parliament, 107 et sqq. Durham in favour of, 61 Effect on Struggle of admission of French to Office, 148 et sqq. Elgin's work for, 191, 197 et sqq. Grey's attitude to, 268-71, and views on British Intervention, 271 Hindrances to, 65-8 Impetus given to, by the Durham Report, 249 Limitations on, views of Russell and others, 101, 135, 175 Opponents of, 60 Patronage crisis in relation to, 169-70 Practical concession of, by Sydenham and Bagot, 146, 155, 157, 175, 228-9 Russell's policy and, 101, 135, 175, 260-2, final upshot of, 262 Stanley's attitude to, 129, 130-1 Supporters of, 61, 64, 178, 268-71 Views on, of Arthur, Cartwright, and the Family Compact, 60-1 et sqq.; of Bagot, 139 et sqq.; of Elgin, 123-4, 192, 202; of Metcalfe, 164 et sqq., 175; of Sydenham, 87, 88, 101 Training for, Russell on, 263

Responsible Government for the Colonies, Buller's pamphlet on, 234-5, 236, 240-3

Retaliation, as Trade weapon, 272, Grey's views on, 273-4

Revue Canadienne, La, on Papineau, and Political Moderation (1847), 199

Richardson, Major, on Sydenham's success, 107-8 &n. Book-sales of, 40

Rideau Military Canal route, 11

Rioting, Political, 65-8, 179-80, 206, 208, 227, 320, 326

Road and River Communication in early days, 9 et sqq.

Robinson, John Beverley, 27; tribute by, to Methodism, 46-7

Roebuck, John Arthur, M.P., Debate on Canada introduced by, 182; and Separation, 281, 282

Rolph, Dr. John, on the Clergy Reserves, 51-2

Roman Catholicism in Lower Canada, 14-17, 31-2, 41-2; of Scottish and Irish Settlers, 42

Rouges, the, of Lower Canada, Politics of, and Annexation views, 301, 302, 305, 331, 338

Rush-Bagot Treaty, the, 126

Russell, Lord John, as Colonial Secretary, policy of, 128, 164, 235, 259-67; and the Act of Union, 94; Baldwin on, 339; and Federation, 196-7; and the Government of Canada, 70 et sqq., 110, 228-9; Leader of British Reformers, 295; Political evolution of, 262-6, 280; Separation anticipated by, 278

Russellite Whigs, use made by, of the Durham Report, 258 et sqq.

Ryerson, Egerton, and Canadian Education, 35; in Defence of Metcalfe, 174; and Methodism, 180

Ryerson family, value of, to Canada, 18

S

St. Benoit, Village of, and the Rebellion Losses Bill, 214

St. Lawrence River, Rapids on, 10

Salaries of Executive, in relation to Political purity, 316

Schools, early, 32 et sqq. Convent, 16, 31 Problem of, 307, 309

Scott, R. W., and the Separate Schools Act, 309

Scotsmen as Settlers, 23, 27-9, 42, 45; Keenness for Education, 33-7; Links of, with Scotland, 44, 45; Loyalty of: a striking instance, 338; Noteworthy names among, 23

Sectarianism and Education, 34, 35, 36

Secularization, Advocates of, 64, 90

Seignorial tenure difficulties, 95-6, 306

Self-government, Colonial, see Autonomy, and Responsible Government

Separate Schools Act (Scott's), how carried, 307

Separation, Anticipations of, 166, 200, 231, 248, 266, 274, 278 et sqq., 282, of British Tories, 253, 254, 255, 256 Four disbelievers in, 278, 291 Military views on, 290 Possibility as affected by Autonomy, 323 et sqq. Russell's views at different times, 262, 263, 265

Settlers, see Half-pay officers, Irish, Population, Scotsmen, Squatters, United Empire Loyalists, &c.

Sherman, General, 290

Sherwood, Henry, Solicitor-General, Bagot and, 144; Elgin and, 194; Retirement of, 250

Sicotte-Macdonald Ministry, and the "Double majority," 309

Simcoe, Lieut.-General John Graves, 19

Single-party Government, Canadian tendency to, 298-9

Small, J. E., in Office, 150

Smith, Professor Goldwin, and his party, Separationists, 289

Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, in Canada, 43

Sovereign, the, True relations with Canadian people, 327

Squatters, 22, 29

Stanley, Lord, as Colonial Secretary, relations with Bagot and Canada, 127, 128 et sqq., 156, 217, 236, 250-2; Hincks' indictment of, 170; Separation anticipated by, 278 on Bagot's diplomatic services, 127; on the Tie between Great Britain and the Colonies, 139-40

Statesmanship, Elgin's conception of, 227

Statesmen, Canadian, Loyalty of the more eminent, 339 et sqq.

Stephen, Sir James Fitzjames, Influence of, at the Colonial Office, 234-7, 238; Views of, on Separation, 237 &n.

Stephen, Sir Leslie, 236 &n.

Strachan, Dr. John, Bishop in Toronto, 36, 89, 133; and the Anglican Church, 43; and the Clergy Reserve question, 49, 50, 52, 54, 90, 92; and Education, 35, 36; and Methodism, 45

Strickland family, the, as Colonists, 19

Strickland, Lieut.-Colonel Samuel, and Mackenzie's Rebellion, 55; on Unsuitable Colonists, 19-20

Sullivan, Robert Baldwin, 113

Suburbs, and the Electorate, 102

Sydenham, Lord (Rt. Hon. Charles Poulett Thomson), as Governor-General, 54, 57, 65, 70; Raised to Peerage, 53; Characteristics, 76-8, 107-8, 131, 141; and his Coalition of Moderates, 113, 141, 298; Debt to, of Canada, 122-5, 132, 133; Despatches of, 325; Episodes and course of his rule, 78 et sqq.; the Fall of the Family Compact, 63; Practice of, Bagot's action contrasted with, 149; Relations with French Canadians, 58, 141, 162; Religious distribution of members of his Council (1841), 47; Responsible Government practically granted by, 107, 228-9, his own views as worded by Harrison, 119-20, Metcalfe on, 164-5; and Russell's system, 260; Settlement by, of Clergy Reserve Question, 53, 54; Sleigh-journey, record breaking 11-12, 92; Success with the Act of Union, 92 on Baldwin's action in the First Union Parliament, 44-5; on Business in a Colonial Parliament, 65-6; on the Clergy Reserve question, 53-4; on Early Travel in Canada, 10; on the French Anti-Union movement, 103-4; on Party names, 56, 295

T

Tache, Colonel Sir Etienne Pascal, 195, 307; and Federation, 303

Talbot, Colonel, in Canada, 19

Tariffs, Canadian, and the Home country, 327-8

Taxation, Canadian, Independence in, asserted, 287, 328

Taylor, Sir Henry, Influence of, at the Colonial Office, 235; on Russell as Chief Secretary, 236

Teachers, Lack of, in early days, 33-5

Terrebonne, and La Fontaine's election, 117

Thomson, Poulett, see Sydenham, Lord

Three Rivers, 13

Times, The, and Canadian affairs, 232-3

Toronto, 65; Anglicanism in, 43; Journey to (1839), 10; King's College at, 36; Population of (1824-46), 13, 24; Social characteristics (circ. 1846), 26

Toronto, Bishop in, see Strachan

Toronto University, set on foot by Bagot, 36, 136

Tory Party British, and Colonial aspirations, 217, 247 et sqq.; Separation anticipated by, 278, 279, 329; Views analogous to those of Canadian Tories, 295 Canadian (see also Family Compact), Annexationist views of, 204, 220, Elgin's methods with, 221, 222, 295-6, 334 et sqq.

Toryism of the French Canadians, see French Canadians, Political views of

Towns, Large and Small, Characteristics of (circa 1846), 25 et sqq.

Trade between Canada and the U.S.A., as affected by Free Trade, 272, Grey's views on, 273 and Colonial relations, Views on, of Bright and Cobden, 284

Trade-regulation, formerly Controlled by the Crown, 327

Trade-relations of Canada with Great Britain after Autonomy, 327-8

Trent episode, 288

U

Ulstermen as Settlers, 21

Ultra-Reformers party (1841), 105

Union, Act of, Acceptance by both Provincial governments, 92; French-Canadian attitude to, 57-8; Guarantees, desired by Stanley, 152; Grey's Changes in, as affecting the French, 268; Serious Omission in, 93-5

Union of Canada, Lord John Russell's instructions on, 71 First Parliament of, 100; Elections (and other preliminaries), 101; Results, 104; Groups in, 59, 100, 104-5; Sydenham's successes, and struggles against the Autonomy party, 106 et sqq.; Work of the First Session, 106 Second, Bagot's, forecasts on, 140-1

United Empire Loyalists, origin, characteristics, and views of, 17-20

United Reform Party, Baldwin on, 113

Unity Forces conducing to Education, 16, 31 et sqq.; Politics, 31; Religion, 31, 32, 40 et seq. Forces retarding, Physical, 8-13, 24, 28-9; Racial, 13, 20-3, 24; Religious, 34-5; Social, 24

University Question, in Upper Canada (1845), 184

Universities of Canada, 36-8 &n.1, 136

Upper Canada, Arrested Development of, Sydenham's plans in aid, 98-100; Educational Efforts in, 33 et sqq.; Methodism in, 45-7; Population increase of, 24; Radicalism of, 32; and the Union, 83-9

Upper Canada College, 35, 50

V

Vendus, Les, 142

Viger, Jacques, French Canadian politician, 59; and the Rebellion, 142; Rival to La Fontaine, 171; in Metcalfe's Council, 177, 194

Voluntary Principle in matters Ecclesiastical, pros and cons of, 51-2

W

Wakefield, Edward Gibbon, Art of Colonization by, 239; Enthusiasm of, for Immigration, 97; Influence of, on British views on Colonization, 237 et sqq.; Influence on Grey, 267 on Baldwin's position at Metcalfe's arrival, 162; on the Patronage crisis, 170-1

Wardens, Canadian, appointment of, 118

Washington, Elgin's diplomacy at, 221

Wellington, Duke of, opposition of, to Canadian Union, 249-50, 280

West Indies Slave question, 235

Whig party, Evolution from, of the Liberal Party, 280-1; Separation views of, 266, 278, 280

Women of the habitants, 16, 31



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[Transcriber's note: In the index entry "Non-Separationists, the four, 278, 491", "491" is clearly incorrect since there are not that many pages in the book. It is unknown what this number should have been.]

THE END