II. Adverbial modifier, quasi preposition [better explained in many cases as prep. postponed]: l) to, towards, up to, at: gong sna t, 1786; so, 2649; fhð ðer t, 1756; s-lc ... þ þ hr t lcast (upon which thou here lookest), 1655; folc t sgon (the folk looked on), 1423; þæt h him t mihton gegnum gangan (might proceed thereto), 313; s þe him bealwa t bte gelyfde (who believed in help out of evils from him, i.e. Bowulf), 910; him t anwaldan re ge-lyfde (trusted for himself to the Almighty's help), 1273; þ s sceað t Swona lode (that the Swedes will come against us), 3002.—2) before adj. and adv., too: t strang (too mighty), 133; t fæst, 137; t swyð, 191; so, 789, 970, 1337, 1743, 1749, etc.; t fela micles (far too much), 695; h t forð ge-stp (he had gone too far), 2290.

tð (G. tunþu-s), st. m., tooth: in comp. bldig-tð (adj.).

tredan, st. v. w. acc., to tread: inf. s-wong tredan, 1965; el-land tredan, 3020; pret. sg. wræc-lstas træd, 1353; medo-wongas træd, 1644; græs-moldan træd, 1882.

treddian, tryddian (see trod), w. v., to stride, tread, go: pret. sg. treddode, 726; tryddode getrume micle (strode about with a strong troop), 923.

trem, st. n., piece, part: acc. sg. n ... ftes trem (not a foot's breadth), 2526.

trow, st. f., fidelity, good faith: acc. sg. trowe, 1073; sibbe oððe trowe, 2923.

trow, st. n., tree: in comp. galg-trow.

trowian. See truwian.

trow-loga, w. m., troth-breaker, pledge-breaker: nom. pl. trow-logan, 2848.

trodu, st. f., track, step: acc. sg. or pl. trode, 844.

ge-trum, st. n., troop, band: instr. sg. ge-trume micle, 923.

trum, adj., strong, endowed with: nom. sg. heorot hornum trum, 1370.

ge-truwan, w. v. w. acc., to confirm, pledge solemnly: pret. sg. þ he getruwedon on tw healfe fæste frioðu-wre, 1096.

truwian, trowan, w. v., to trust in, rely on, believe in: 1) w. dat.: pret. sg. sðe ne truwode lofes mannes (I trusted not in the dear man's enterprise), 1994; bearne ne truwode þæt h ... (she trusted not the child that ...), 2371; gehwylc hiora his ferhðe trowde þæt h ... (each trusted his heart that ...), 1167.—2) w. gen.: pret. sg. Gata lod georne truwode mdgan mægnes, 670; wiðres ne truwode, 2954.

ge-truwian, to rely on, trust in, w. dat.: pret. sg. strenge ge-truwode, mund-gripe mægenes, 1534;—w. gen. pret. sg. beorges ge-truwode, wges and wealles, 2323; strenge ge-truwode nes mannes, 2541.

tryddian. See treddian.

trywe, adj., true, faithful: nom. sg. þ gyt wæs ... ghwylc ðrum trywe, 1166.

ge-trywe, adj., faithful: nom. sg. hr is ghwylc eorl ðrum ge-trywe, 1229.

turf, st. f., sod, soil, seat: in comp. ðel-turf.

tx, st. m., tooth, tusk: in comp. hilde-tx.

ge-twfan, w. v. w. acc. of person and gen. thing, to separate, divide, deprive of, hinder: pres. sg. III. þæt þec dl oððe ecg eafoðes ge-twfeð (robs of strength), 1764; inf. god aðe mæg þone dol-scaðan dda ge-twfan (God may easily restrain the fierce foe from his deeds), 479; pret. sg. sumne Gata lod ... fores getwfde (cut him off from life), 1434; n þr wg-flotan wind ofer yðum sðes ge-twfde (the wind hindered not the wave-floater in her course over the water), 1909; pret. part. æt rihte wæs gð ge-twfed (almost had the struggle been ended), 1659.

ge-twman, w. v. acc. pers. and gen. thing, to hinder, render incapable of, restrain: inf. ic hine ne mihte ... ganges getwman, 969.

twgen, m. f. n. tw, num., twain, two: nom. m. twgen, 1164; acc. m. twgen, 1348; dat. twm, 1192 gen. twga, 2533; acc. f. tw, 1096, 1195.

twelf, num., twelve, gen. twelfa, 3172.

tweone (Frisian twine), num. = bini, two: dat. pl. be sm tweonum, 859, 1298; 1686.

twidig, adj., in comp. lang-twidig (long-assured), 1709.

tyder, st. m., race, descendant: in comp. un-tyder, 111.

tydre (Frisian teddre), adj., weak, unwarlike, cowardly: nom. pl. tydre, 2848.

tyn, num., ten: uninflect. dat. on tyn dagum, 3161; inflect. nom. tyne, 2848.

tyrwian, w. v., to tar: pret. part. tyrwed in comp.: nw-tyrwed.

on-tyhtan, w. v., to urge on, incite, entice: pret. sg. on-tyhte, 3087.

Þ

þafian, w. v. w. acc., to submit to, endure: inf. þæt se þod-cyning þafian sceolde Eofores nne dm, 2964.

þanc, st. m.: 1) thought: in comp. fore-, hete-, or-, searo-þanc; inwit-þanc (adj.).—2) thanks (w. gen. of thing): nom. sg., 929, 1779; acc. sg. þanc, 1998, 2795.—3) content, favor, pleasure: dat. sg. þ þe gif-sceattas Gata fyredon þyder t þance (those that tribute for the Getas carried thither for favor). 379.

ge-þanc, st. m., thought: instr. pl. þostrum ge-þoncum, 2333.—Comp. md-ge-þanc.

þanc-hycgende, pres. part., thoughtful, 2236.

þancian, w. v., to thank: pret. sg. gode þancode ... þæs þe hire se willa ge-lamp (thanked God that her wish was granted), 626; so, 1398; pl. þancedon, 627(?).

þanon, þonon, þonan, adv., thence: 1) local: þanon eft gewt (he went thence back), 123; þanon up ... stigon (went up thence), 224; so, þanon, 463, 692, 764, 845, 854, 1293; þanan, 1881; þonon, 520, 1374, 2409; þonan, 820, 2360, 2957.—2) personal: þanon untydras ealle on-wcon (from him, i.e. Cain, etc.), 111; so, þanan, 1266; þonon, 1961; unsfte þonon feorh oð-ferede (i.e. from Grendel's mother), 2141.

þ, adv.: l) there, then, 3, 26, 28, 34, 47, 53, etc. With þr: þ þr, 331. With n: n þ (now then), 658.—2) conjunction, when, as, since, w. indic., 461, 539, 633, etc.;—because, whilst, during, since, 402, 465, 724, 2551, etc.

þæt, I. demons, pron. acc. neut. of se: demons, nom. þæt (that), 735, 766, etc.; instr. sg. þy, 1798, 2029; þæt ic þy wpne ge-bræd (that I brandished as(?) a weapon; that I brandished the weapon?), 1665; þy weorðra (the more honored), 1903; þy sft (the more easily), 2750; þy ls hym yðe þrym wudu wynsuman for-wrecan meahte (lest the force of the waves the winsome boat might carry away), 1919; n þy r (not sooner), 755, 1503, 2082, 2374, 2467; n þy leng (no longer, none the longer), 975. þy =adv., therefore, hence, 1274, 2068; þ ... þ = on this account; for this reason ... that, because, 2639-2642; wiste þ geornor (knew but too well), 822; h ... wæs sundes þ snra þ hine swylt fornam (he was the slower in swimming as [whom?] death carried him off), 1437; næs him wihte þ sl (it was none the better for him), 2688; so, 2278. Gen. sg. þæs = adv., for this reason, therefore, 7, 16, 114, 350, 589, 901, 1993, 2027, 2033, etc. þæs þe, especially after verbs of thanking, = because, 108, 228, 627, 1780, 2798;—also = secundum quod: þæs þe he gewislcost ge-witan meahton, 1351;—therefore, accordingly, 1342, 3001; t þæs (to that point; to that degree), 715, 1586, 1617, 1968, 2411; þæs georne (so firmly), 969; ac h þæs fæste wæs ... besmiðod (it was too firmly set), 774; n þæs frd leofað gumena bearna þæt þone grund wite (none liveth among men so wise that he should know its bottom), 1368; h þæs (þm, MS.) mdig wæs (had the courage for it), 1509.

II. conj. (relative), that, so that, 15, 62, 84, 221, 347, 358, 392, 571, etc.; oð þæt (up to that, until); see oð.

þætte (from þæt þe, see þ), that, 151, 859, 1257, 2925, etc.; þæt þe (that), 1847.

þr: 1) demons. adv., there (where), 32, 36, 89, 400, 757, etc.; morðor-bealo mga, þr ho r mste hold worolde wynne (the death-bale of kinsmen where before she had most worldly joy), 1080. With þ: þ þr, 331; þr on innan (therein), 71. Almost like Eng. expletive there, 271, 550, 978, etc.;—then, at that time, 440;—thither: þr swð-ferhðe sittan odon (thither went the bold ones to sit, i.e. to the bench), 493, etc.—2) relative, where, 356, 420, 508, 513, 522, 694, 867, etc.; ode ... þr se snottra bd (went where the wise one tarried), 1314; so, 1816;—if, 763, 798, 1836, 2731, etc.;—whither: g þr h wille, 1395.

þ, þe, I. relative particle, indecl., partly standing alone, partly associated with se, so, þæt: Hunferð maðelode, þ æt ftum sæt (H., who sat at his feet, spake), 500; so, 138, etc.; wæs þæt gewin t swyð þ on þ lode be-cm (the misery that had come on the people was too great), 192, etc.; ic wille ... þ þ and-sware dre ge-cyðan þ m se gda -gifan þenceð (I will straightway tell thee the answer that the good one shall give), 355; oð þone nne dæg þ h ... (till that very day that he ...), 2401; ho þ fhðe wræc þ þ ... Grendel cwealdest (the fight in which thou slewest G.), 1335; mid þre sorge þ him so sr belamp (with the sorrow wherewith the pain had visited him), 2469; pl. þonne þ dydon þ ... (than they did that ...), 45; so, 378, 1136; þ mðmas þ h m sealde (the treasures that he gave me), 2491; so, ginfæstan gife þ him god sealde (the great gifts that God had given him), 2183. After þra þe (of those that), the depend. verb often takes sg. instead of pl. (Dietrich, Haupt XI., 444 seqq.): wundor-sona fela secga ge-hwylcum þra þe on swylc starað (to each of those that look on such), 997; so, 844, 1462, 2384, 2736. Strengthened by se, so, þæt: sægde s þe cðe (said he that knew), 90; wæs se grimma gæst Grendel hten, s þe mras hold (the grim stranger hight Grendel, he that held the moors), 103; here-byrne ... so þe bn-cofan beorgan cðe (the corselet that could protect the body), 1446, etc.; þr ge-lyfan sceal dryhtnes dme s þe hine dað nimeð (he shall believe in God's judgment whom death carrieth off), 441; so, 1437, 1292 (cf. Heliand I., 1308).

þæs þe. See þæt.

þah þe. See þah.

for þm þe. See for-þm.

þy, þ, the, by that, instr. of se: hte ic holdra þy ls ... þ dað for-nam (I had the less friends whom death snatched away), 488; so, 1437.

þeccan, w. v., to cover (thatch), cover over: inf. þ sceal brond fretan, led þeccean (fire shall eat, flame shall cover, the treasures), 3016; pret. pl. þr git agor-stram earmum þehton (in swimming), 513.

þegn, st. m., thane, liegeman, king's higher vassal; knight: nom. sg., 235, 494, 868, 2060, 2710; (Bowulf), 194; (Wglf), 2722; acc. sg. þegen (Bowulf, MS. þegn), 1872; dat. sg. þegne, 1342, 1420; (Hengest), 1086; (Wglf), 2811; gen. sg. þegnes, 1798; nom. pl. þegnas, 1231; acc. pl. þegnas, 1082, 3122; dat. pl. þegnum, 2870; gen. pl. þegna, 123, 400, 1628, 1674, 1830, 2034, etc.—Comp.: ambiht-, ealdor-, heal-, magu-, sele-þegn.

þegnian, þnian, w. v., to serve, do liege service: pret. sg. ic him þnode doran sweorde (I served them with my good sword, i.e. slew them with it), 560.

þegn-sorh, st. f., thane-sorrow, grief for a liegeman: acc. sg. þegn-sorge, 131.

þegu, st. f., taking: in comp.: bah-, bor-, sinc-þegu.

þel, st. n., deal-board, board for benches: in comp. benc-þel, 486, 1240.

þencan, w. v.: 1) to think: absolutely: pres. sg. III. s þe wl þenceð, 289; so, 2602. With depend. clause: pres. sg. nnig heora þhte þæt h ... (none of them thought that he), 692.—2) w. inf., to intend: pres. sg. III. þ and-sware ... þ m se gda -gifan þenceð (the answer that the good one intendeth to give me), 355; (bldig wæl) byrgean þenceð, 448; þonne h ... gegn þenceð longsumne lof (if he will win eternal fame), 1536; pret. sg. n þæt glca yldan þhte (the monster did not mean to delay that), 740; pret. pl. wit unc wið hronfixas werian þhton, 541; (hine) on healfa ge-hwone hawan þhton, 801.

-þencan, to intend, think out: pret. sg. (h) þis ellen-weorc na -þhte t ge-fremmanne, 2644.

ge-þencan, w. acc.: 1) to think of: þæt h his selfa ne mæg ... ende ge-þencean (so that he himself may not think of, know, its limit), 1735.—2) to be mindful: imper. sg. ge-þenc n ... hwæt wit ge sprcon, 1475.

þenden: 1) adv., at this time, then, whilst: nalles fcen-stafas Þod-Scyldingas þenden fremedon (not at all at this time had the Scyldings done foul deeds), 1020 (referring to 1165; cf. Wdsð, 45 seqq.); þenden rafode rinc ðerne (whilst one warrior robbed another, i.e. Eofor robbed Ongenþow), 2986.—2) conj., so long as, whilst, 30, 57, 284, 1860, 2039, 2500, 3028;—whilst, 2419. With subj., whilst, as long as: þenden þ mte, 1178; þenden þ lifige, 1255; þenden hyt sy (whilst the heat lasts), 2650.

þengel, st. m., prince, lord, ruler: acc. sg. hringa þengel (Bowulf), 1508.

þes (m.), þos (f.), þis (n.), demons. pron., this: nom. sg. 411, 432, 1703; f., 484; nom. acc. neut., 2156, 2252, 2644; þys, 1396; acc. sg. m. þisne, 75; f. þs, 1682; dat. sg. neut. þissum, 1170; þyssum, 2640; f. þisse, 639; gen. m. þisses, 1217; f. þisse, 929; neut. þysses, 791, 807; nom. pl. and acc. þs, 1623, 1653, 2636, 2641; dat. þyssum, 1063, 1220.

þ. See þæt.

þh. See þah.

þearf, st. f., need: nom. sg. þearf, 1251, 2494, 2638; þ him wæs manna þearf (as he was in need of men), 201; acc. sg. þearfe, 1457, 2580, 2850; fremmað g n loda þearfe (do ye now what is needful for the folk), 2802; dat. sg. æt þearfe, 1478, 1526, 2695, 2710; acc. pl. se for andrysnum ealle beweotede þegnes þearfe (who would supply in courtesy all the thane's needs), 1798 (cf. sele-þegn, 1795.—Comp.: firen-, nearo-, ofer-þearf.

þearf. See þurfan.

ge-þearfian, w. v., = necessitatem imponere: pret. part. þ him sw ge-þearfod wæs (since so they found it necessary), 1104.

þearle, adv., very, exceedingly, 560.

þah, þh, conj., though, even though or if: 1) with subj. þah, 203, 526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by þe: þah þe, 683, 1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; þah ... eal (although), 681.—2) with indic.: þah, 1103; þh, 1614.—3) doubtful: þah h ðe wl, 2856; sw þah (nevertheless), 2879; n ... sw þah (not then however), 973; næs þ forht sw þh (he was not, though, afraid), 2968; hwæðre sw þah (yet however), 2443.

þaw, st. m., custom, usage: nom. sg., 178, 1247; acc. sg. þaw, 359; instr. pl. þawum (in accordance with custom), 2145.

þeód, st. f.: 1) war-troop, retainers: nom. sg., 644, 1231, 1251.—2) nation, folk: nom. sg., 1692; gen. pl. þoda, 1706.—Comp.: sige-, wer-þod.

þod-cyning, st. m., (=folc-cyning), warrior-king, king of the people: nom. sg. (Hrðgr), 2145; (Ongenþow), 2964, 2971; þod-cyning (Bowulf), 2580; acc. sg. þod-cyning (Bowulf), 3009; gen. sg. þod-cyninges (Bowulf), 2695; gen. pl. þod-cyninga, 2.

þoden, st. m., lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler: nom. sg., 129, 365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc.; þoden, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. þoden, 34, 201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; þoden, 2789; dat. sg. þodne, 345, 1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc.; þoden, 2033; gen. sg. þodnes 798, 911, 1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; þodnes, 2657; nom. pl. þodnas, 3071.

þoden-las, adj., without chief or king: nom. pl. þoden-lase, 1104.

þod-gestron, st. n., people's-jewel, precious treasure: instr. pl. þod-ge-stronum, 44; gen. pl. þod-ge-strona, 1219.

þodig, adj., appertaining to a þod: in comp. el-þodig.

þod-scaða, w. m., foe of the people, general foe: nom. sg. þod-sceaða (the dragon), 2279, 2689.

þod-þra, st. f. m., popular misery, general distress: dat. pl. wið þod-þraum, 178.

þof, st. m., thief: gen. sg. þofes cræfte, 2221.

þon, st. v.: 1) to grow, ripen, thrive: pret. sg. weorðmyndum þh (grew in glory), 8.—2) to thrive in, succeed: pret. sg. hru þæt on lande lyt manna þh (that throve to few), 2837. See Note, l. 901.

ge-þon, to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence: imper. ge-þoh tela, 1219; inf. lof-ddum sceal ... man geþon, 25; þæt þæt þodnes bearn ge-þon scolde, 911.

on-þon? to begin, undertake, w. gen.: pret. h þæs r onþh, 901. [In MS. Emended in text.—KTH] See Note l. 901.

þon (for þowan), w. v., to oppress, restrain: inf. næs se folc-cyning ymb-sittendra nig þra þe mec ... dorste egesan þon (that durst oppress me with terror), 2737.

þostor, adj., dark, gloomy: instr. pl. þostrum ge-þoncum, 2333.

þow, st. m., slave, serf 2225.

þicgan, st. v. w. acc., to seize, attain, eat, appropriate: inf. þæt h (Grendel) m mste manna cynnes þicgean ofer þ niht, 737; symbel þicgan (take the meal, enjoy the feast), 1011; pret. pl. þæt he m þgon, 563; þr w medu þgun, 2634.

ge-þicgan, w. acc., to grasp, take: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful) ge-þeah, 619, 629; Bowulf ge-þah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful manig) ge-þgon, 1015.

þider, þyder, adv., thither: þyder, 3087, 379, 2971.

þhtig, þyhtig, adj., doughty, vigorous, firm: acc. sg. neut. sweord ... ecgum þyhtig, 1559.—Comp. hyge-þhtig.

þincan. See þyncan.

þing, st. n.: 1) thing: gen. pl. nige þinga (ullo modo), 792, 2375, 2906.—2) affair, contest, controversy: nom. sg. m wearð Grendles þing ... undyrne cð (Grendel's doings became known to me), 409.—3) judgment, issue, judicial assembly(?): acc. sg. sceal ... na gehegan þing wið þyrse (shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the giant: see hegan), 426.

ge-þing, st. n.: 1) terms, covenant: acc. pl. ge-þingo, 1086.—2) fate, providence, issue: gen. sg. ge-þinges, 398, 710; (ge-þingea, MS.), 525.

ge-þingan, st. v., to grow, mature, thrive (Dietrich, Haupt IX., 430): pret. part. cwn mde ge-þungen (mature-minded, high-spirited, queen), 625. See wl-þungen.

ge-þingan (see ge-þing), w. v.: 1) to conclude a treaty: w. refl. dat, enter into a treaty: pres. sg. III. gif him þonne Hrðrc t hofum Gata ge-þingeð (if H. enters into a treaty (seeks aid at?) with the court of the Gatas, referring to the old German custom of princes entering the service or suite of a foreign king), 1838. Leo.—2) to prepare, appoint: pret. part. wiste t þm hlcan ... hilde ge-þinged, 648; hraðe wæs ... mce ge-þinged, 1939.

þingian, w. v.: 1) to speak in an assembly, make an address: inf. ne hyrde ic snotor-lcor on sw geongum feore guman þingian (I never heard a man so young speak so wisely), 1844.—2) to compound, settle, lay aside: inf. ne wolde feorh-bealo ... fo þingian (would not compound the life-bale for money), 156; so, pret. sg. þ fhðe fo þingode, 470.

þhan. See þon.

þin, possess, pron., thy, thine, 267, 346, 353, 367, 459, etc.

ge-þht, st. m., thought, plan: acc. sg. n-fealdne ge-þht, 256; fæst-rdne ge-þht, 611.

þolian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) to endure, bear: inf. (inwid-sorge) þolian, 833; pres. sg. III. þra-nyd þolað, 284; pret. sg. þolode þryðswyð, 131.—2) to hold out, stand, survive: pres. sg. (intrans.) þenden þis sweord þolað (as long as this sword holds out), 2500; pret. sg. (so ecg) þolode r fela hand-gemta, 1526.

ge-þolian: 1) to suffer, bear, endure: gerund. t ge-þolianne, 1420; pret. sg. earfoð-lice þrge ge-þolode..., þæt h ... dram gehyrde (bore ill that he heard the sound of joy), 87; torn ge-þolode (bore the misery), 147.—2) to have patience, wait: inf. þr h longe sceal on þæs waldendes wre ge-þolian, 3110.

þon (Goth, þan) = tum, then, now, 504; æfter þon (after that), 725; r þon dæg cwme (ere day came), 732; n þon lange (it was not long till then), 2424; næs þ long t þon (it was not long till then), 2592, 2846; wæs him se man t þon lof þæt ... (the man was to that degree dear to him that ...), 1877.

þonne: 1) adv., there, then, now, 377, 435, 525, 1105, 1456, 1485, 1672, 1823, 3052, 3098(?).—2) conj., if, when, while: a) w. indic., 573, 881, 935, 1034, 1041, 1043, 1144, 1286, 1327, 1328, 1375, etc.; þæt ic gum-cystum gdne funde baga bryttan, brac þonne mste (that I found a good ring-giver and enjoyed him whilst I could), 1488. b) w. subj., 23, 1180, 3065; þonne ...þonne (then ... when), 484-85, 2447-48; gif þonne ...þonne (if then ... then), 1105-1107. c) than after comparatives, 44, 248, 469, 505, 534, 679, 1140, 1183, etc.; a comparative must be supplied, l. 70, before þone: þæt h ... htan wolde medo-ærn micel men ge-wyrcean þone yldo bearn fre ge-frnon (a great mead-house (greater) than men had ever known).

þracu, st. f., strength, boldness: in comp. md-þracu; = impetus in ecg-þracu.

þrg, st. f., period of time, time: nom. sg. þ hine so þrg be-cwm (when the [battle]-hour befell him), 2884; acc. sg. þrge (for a time), 87; longe (lange) þrge, 54, 114.—Comp. earfoð-þrg.

ge-þræc, st. n., multitude, crowd: in comp. searo-ge-þræc.

þrec-wudu, st. m., (might-wood), spear (cf. mægen-wudu): acc. sg., 1247.

þra, st. m. f., misery, distress: in comp. þod-þra, þra-ndla, -nyd.

þra-ndla, w. m., crushing distress, misery: dat. sg. for þra-ndlan, 2225.

þrea-nyd, st. f., oppression, distress: acc. sg. þra-nyd, 284; dat. pl. þra-nydum, 833.

þrat, st. m., troop, band: dat. sg. on þm þrate, 2407; dat. pl. sceaðena þratum, 4.—Comp. ren-þrat.

þratian, w. v. w. acc., to press, oppress: pret. pl. mec ...þratedon, 560.

þreot-teoða, num. adj. w. m., thirteenth: nom. sg. þreot-teoða secg, 2407.

þro, num. (neut.), three: acc. þro wicg, 2175; þro hund wintra, 2279.

þridda, num. adj. w. m., third: instr. þriddan sðe, 2689.

ge-þring, st. n., eddy, whirlpool, crush: acc. on holma ge-þring, 2133.

þringan, st. v., to press: pret. sg. wergendra t lyt þrong ymbe þoden (too few defenders pressed round the prince), 2884; pret. pl. syððan Hrðlingas t hagan þrungon (after the Hrethlingas had pressed into the hedge), 2961.

for-þringan, to press out; rescue, protect: inf. þæt h ne mehte ...þ wa-lfe wge for-þringan þodnes þegne (that he could not rescue the wretched remnant from the king's thane by war), 1085.

ge-þringan, to press: pret. sg. col up geþrang (the ship shot up), i.e. on the shore in landing), 1913.

þrtig, num., thirty (neut. subst.): acc. sg. w. partitive gen.: þrtig þegna, 123; gen. þrttiges (XXXtiges MS.) manna, 379.

þrst-hydig, adj., bold-minded, valorous: nom. sg. þoden þrst-hydig (Bowulf), 2811.

þrowian, w. v. w. acc., to suffer, endure: inf. (ht, gnorn) þrowian, 2606, 2659; pret. sg. þrowade, 1590, 1722; þrowode, 2595.

þryð, st. f., abundance, multitude, excellence, power: instr. pl. þryðum (excellently, extremely; excellent in strength?), 494.

þryð-ærn, st. n., excellent house, royal hall: acc. sg. (of Heorot), 658.

þryðlc, adj., excellent, chosen: nom. sg. þryð-lc þegna hap, 400, 1628; superl. acc. pl. þryð-lcost, 2870.

þryð-swyð, st. n.?, great pain (?): acc., 131, 737 [? adj., very powerful, exceeding strong].

þryð-word, st. n., bold speech, choice discourse: nom. sg., 644. (Great store was set by good table-talk: cf. Lachmann's Nibelunge, 1612; Rgsml, 29, 7, in Möbius, p. 79b, 22.)

þrym, st. m.: 1) power, might, force: nom. sg. yða þrym, 1919; instr. pl. = adv. þrymmum (powerfully), 235.—2) glory, renown: acc. sg. þrym, 2.—Comp. hyge-þrym.

þrym-lc, adj., powerful, mighty: nom. sg. þrec-wudu þrym-lc (the mighty spear), 1247.

þ, pron., thou, 366, 407, 445, etc.; acc. sg. þec (poetic), 948, 2152, etc.; þ, 417, 426, 517, etc.; after compar. slran þ (a better one than thee), 1851. See g.

þunca, w. m. See æf-þunca.

ge-þungen. See ge-þingan, st. v.

þurfan, pret.-pres. v., to need: pres. sg. II. n þ ne þearft ... sorgian (needest not care), 450; so, 445, 1675; III. ne þearf ... onsittan (need not fear), 596; so, 2007, 2742; pres. subj. þæt h ... scean þurfe, 2496; pret. sg. þorfte, 157, 1027, 1072, 2875, 2996; pl. nealles Hetware hrmge þorfton (i.e. wesan) fðe-wges (needed not boast of their foot-fight), 2365.

ge-þuren. See þweran.

þurh, prep. w. acc. signifying motion through, hence: I. local, through, throughout: wd þ þurh þone wæl-rc (went then through the battle-reek), 2662.—II. causal: l) on account of, for the sake of, owing to: þurh slðne nð (through fierce hostility, heathenism), 184; þurh holdne hige (from friendliness), 267; so, þurh rmne sefan, 278; þurh sdne sefan, 1727; oweð þurh egsan uncðne nð (shows unheard-of hostility by the terror he causes), 276; so, 1102, 1336, 2046. 2) by means of, through: heaðo-rs for-nam mihtig mere-dor þurh mne hand, 558; þurh nes cræft, 700; so, 941, 1694, 1696, 1980, 2406, 3069.

þus, adv., so, thus, 238, 337, 430.

þunian, w. v., to din, sound forth: pret. sg. sund-wudu þunede, 1907.

þsend, num., thousand: 1) fem. acc. ic þ þsenda þegna bringe t helpe, 1830.—2) neut. with measure of value (sceat) omitted: acc. seofan þsendo, 2196; gen. hund-þsenda landes and locenra baga (100,000 sceattas' worth of land and rings), 2995.—3) uninflected: acc. þsend wintra, 3051.

þwre, adj., affable, mild: in comp. man-þwre.

ge-þwre, adj., gentle, mild: nom. pl. ge-þwre, 1231.

ge-þweran, st. v., to forge, strike: pret. part. heoru ... hamere ge-þuren (for ge-þworen) (hammer-forged sword), 1286.

þyhtig. See þhtig.

ge-þyld (see þolian), st. f.: 1) patience, endurance: acc. sg. ge-þyld, 1396.—2) steadfastness: instr. pl. = adv.: ge-þyldum (steadfastly, patiently), 1706.

þyle, st. m., spokesman, leader of the conversation at court: nom. sg., 1166, 1457.

þyncan, þincean, w. v. w. dat. of pers., to seem, appear: pres. sg. III. þinceð him t lytel (it seems to him too little), 1749; ne þynceð m gerysne, þæt w (it seemeth to me not fit that we ...), 2654; pres. pl. hy ... wyrðe þinceað eorla ge-æhtlan (they seem worthy contenders with (?) earls; or, worthy warriors), 368; pres. subj. sw him ge-met þince, 688; inf. þincean, 1342; pret. sg. þhte, 2462, 3058; n his lf-gedl sr-lc þhte secga nigum (his death seemed painful to none of men), 843; pret. pl. þr him fold-wegas fægere þhton, 867.

of-þincan, to displease, offend: inf. mæg þæs þonne of-þyncan þoden (dat.) Heaðo-beardna and þegna gehwm þra loda, 2033.

þyrs, st. m., giant: dat. sg. wið þyrse (Grendel), 426.

þys-lc, adj., such, of such a nature: nom. sg. fem. þys-lcu þearf, 2638.

þy. See þæt.

þywan (M.H.G. diuhen, O.H.G. duhan), w. v., to crush, oppress: inf. gif þec ymb-sittend egesan þywað (if thy neighbors oppress thee with dread), 1828.

þystru, st. f., darkness: dat. pl. in þystrum, 87.

ge-þywe, adj., customary, usual: nom. sg. sw him ge-þywe ne wæs (as was not his custom), 2333.

U

ufan, adv., from above, 1501; above, 330.

ufera (prop. higher), adj., later: dat. pl. ufaran dgrum, 2201, 2393.

ufor, adv., higher, 2952.

umbor, st. n., child, infant: acc. sg., 46; dat. sg., 1188.

un-blðe, adv.(?), unblithely, sorrowfully, 130, 2269; (adj., nom. pl.?), 3032.

un-byrnende, pres. part., unburning, without burning, 2549.

unc, dat. and acc. of the dual wit, us two, to us two, 1784, 2138, 2527; gen. hwæðer ... uncer twga (which of us two), 2533; uncer Grendles (of us two, G. and me), 2003.

uncer, poss. pron., of us two: nom. sg. [uncer], 2002(?); dat. pl. uncran eaferan, 1186.

un-cð, adj.: 1) unknown: nom. sg. stg ... eldum uncð, 2215; acc. sg. neut. uncð ge-ld (unknown ways), 1411.—2) unheard-of, barbarous, evil: acc. sg. un-cðne nð, 276; gen. sg. un-cðes (of the foe, Grendel), 961.

under, I. prep. w. dat. and acc.: 1) w. dat., answering question where? = under (of rest), contrasted with over: bt (wæs) under beorge, 211; þ cwm Wealhþo forð gn under gyldnum bage (W. walked forth under a golden circlet, i.e. decked with), 1164; siððan h under segne sine ealgode (under his banner), 1205; h under rande ge-cranc (sank under his shield), 1210; under wolcnum, 8, 1632; under heofenum, 52, 505; under roderum, 310; under helme, 342, 404; under here-grman, 396, 2050, 2606; so, 711, 1198, 1303, 1929, 2204, 2416, 3061, 3104.—2) w. acc.: a) answering question whither? = under (of motion): þ secg wsode under Heorotes hrf, 403; siððan fen-loht under heofenes hdor be-holen weorðeð, 414; under sceadu bregdan, 708; flon under fen-hleoðu, 821; hond legde ... under gapne hrf, 837; ton in under eoderas, 1038; so, 1361, 1746, 2129, 2541, 2554, 2676, 2745; so, hæfde þ for-sðod sunu Ecg-þowes under gynne grund, 1552 (for-sðian requires acc.). b) after verbs of venturing and fighting, with acc. of object had in view: h under hrne stn ...na ge-nðde frcne dde, 888; ne dorste under yða ge-win aldre ge-nðan, 1470. c) indicating extent, with acc. after expressions of limit, etc.: under swegles begong (as far as the sky extends), 861, 1774; under heofenes hwealf (as far as heaven's vault reaches), 2016.

II. Adv., beneath, below: stg under læg (a path lay beneath, i.e. the rock), 2214.

undern-ml, st. n., midday: acc. sg., 1429.

un-dyrne, un-derne, adj., without concealment, plain, clear: nom. sg., 127, 2001; un-derne, 2912.

un-dyrne, adv., plainly, evidently; un-dyrne cð, 150, 410.

un-fger, adj., unlovely, hideous: nom. sg. loht un-fger, 728.

un-fcne, adj., without malice, sincere: nom. sg., 2069.

un-fge, adj., not death-doomed or "fey": nom. sg., 2292; acc. sg. un-fgne eorl, 573.

un-flitme, adv., solemnly, incontestably: Finn Hengeste elne unflitme ðum benemde (F. swore solemnly to H. with oaths) [if an adj., elne un-f. = unconquerable in valor], 1098.

un-forht, adj., fearless, bold: nom. sg., 287; acc. pl. unforhte (adv.?), 444. See Note.

un-from, adj., unfit, unwarlike: nom. sg., 2189.

un-frd, adj., not aged, young: dat sg. guman un-frdum, 2822.

un-gedfelce, adv., unjustly, contrary to right and custom, 2436.

un-gemete, adv., immeasurably, exceedingly, 2421, 2722, 2729.

un-gemetes, adv. gen. sg., the same, 1793.

un-gera, adv., (not old), recently, lately, 933; soon, 603.

un-gifeðe, adj., not to be granted; refused: nom. sg., 2922.

un-glaw, adj., regardless, reckless: acc. sg. sweord ... ecgum unglaw (of a sharp-edged sword), 2565.

un-hr, adj., very gray: nom. sg., 357; (bald?).

un-hlo, st. f., mischief, destruction: gen. sg. wiht un-hlo (the demon of destruction, Grendel), 120.

un-hore, un-hyre, adj., monstrous, horrible: nom. sg. m., weard un-hore (the dragon), 2414; neut. wf un-hyre (Grendel's mother), 2121; nom. pl. neut. hand-sporu ... unhoru (of Grendel's claws), 988.

un-hlytme, un-hlitme, adv. (cf. A.S. hlytm = lot; O.N. hluti = part division), undivided, unseparated, united, 1130 [unless = un-flitme, 1098]. See Note.

un-lof, adj., hated: acc. pl. seah on un-lofe, 2864.

un-lifigende, pres. part., unliving, lifeless: nom. sg. un-lifigende, 468; acc. sg. un-lyfigendne, 1309; dat. sg. un-lifgendum, 1390; gen. sg. un-lyfigendes, 745.

un-lytel, adj., not little, very large: nom. sg. duguð un-lytel (a great band of warriors? or great joy?), 498; dm un-lytel (no little glory), 886; acc. sg. torn un-lytel (very great shame, misery), 834.

un-murnlce, adv., unpityingly, without sorrowing, 449, 1757.

unnan, pret.-pres. v., to grant, give; wish, will: pret.-pres. sg. I. ic þ an tela sinc-gestrona, 1226; weak pret. sg. I. ðe ic swðor þæt þ hine selfne ge-son mste, 961; III. h ne ðe þæt ...(he granted not that ...), 503; him god ðe þæt ... h hyne sylfne ge-wræc (God granted to him that he avenged himself), 2875; þah h ðe wl (though he well would), 2856.

ge-unnan, to grant, permit: inf. gif h s ge-unnan wile þæt w hine ... grtan mton, 346; m ge-ðe ylda waldend, þæt ic ... ge-seah hangian (the Ruler of men permitted me to see hanging ...), 1662.

un-nyt, adj., useless: nom. sg., 413, 3170.

un-riht, st. n., unright, injustice, wrong: acc. sg. unriht, 1255, 2740; instr. sg. un-rihte (unjustly, wrongly), 3060.

un-rm, st. n., immense number: nom. sg., 1239, 3136; acc. sg., 2625.

un-rme, adj., countless, measureless: nom. sg. gold un-rme, 3013.

un-rt, adj., sorrowing: nom. pl. un-rte, 3149.

un-snyttru, st. f., lack of wisdom: dat. pl. for his un-snyttrum (for his unwisdom), 1735.

un-softe, adv., unsoftly, with violence (hardly?), 2141; scarcely, 1656.

un-swyðe, adv., not strongly or powerfully: compar. (ecg) bt unswðor þonne his þod-cyning þearfe hæfde (the sword bit less sharply than the prince of the people needed), 2579; fyr unswðor woll, 2882.

un-synnig, adj., guiltless, sinless: acc. sg. un-synnigne, 2090.

un-synnum, adv. instr. pl., guiltlessly, 1073.

un-tle, adj., blameless: acc. pl. un-tle, 1866.

un-tyder, st. m., evil race, monster: nom. pl. un-tydras, 111. [Cf. Ger. un-mensch.]

un-wclc, adj., that cannot be shaken; firm, strong: acc. sg. d ... un-wclcne, 3139.

un-wearnum, adv. instr. pl., unawares, suddenly; (unresistingly?), 742.

un-wrecen, pret. part., unavenged, 2444.

up, adv., up, upward, 224, 519, 1374, 1620, 1913, 1921, 2894; (of the voice), þ wæs ... wp up hafen, 128; so, 783.

up-lang, adj., upright, erect: nom. sg., 760.

uppe (adj., fe, ffe), adv., above, 566.

up-riht, adj., upright, erect: nom. sg., 2093.

uton. See wuton.



ð-genge, adj., transitory, evanescent, ready to depart, (fled?): þr wæs Æsc-here ... feorh ð-genge, 2124.

hte, w. f., twilight or dawn: dat. or acc. on htan, 126.

ht-floga, w. m., twilight-flier, dawn-flier (epithet of the dragon): gen. sg. ht-flogan, 2761.

ht-hlem, st. m., twilight-cry, dawn-cry: acc. sg., 2008.

ht-sceaða, w. m., twilight- or dawn-foe: nom. sg., 2272.

s, pers. pron. dat. and acc. of w (see w), us, to us, 1822, 2636, 2643, 2921, 3002, 3079; acc. (poetic), sic, 2639, 2641, 2642;—gen. re: re g-hwylc (each of us), 1387; ser, 2075.

ser, possess, pron.: nom. sg. re man-drihten, 2648; dat. sg. ssum hlforde, 2635; gen. sg. neut. sses cynnes, 2814; dat. pl. rum ... bm (to us both, two) (for unc bm), 2660.

t, adv., out, 215, 537, 664, 1293, 1584, 2082, 2558, 3131.

tan, adv., from without, without, 775, 1032, 1504, 2335.

t-fs, adj., ready to go: nom. sg. hringed-stefna sig and t-fs, 33.

t-weard, adj., outward, outside, free: nom. sg. eoten (Grendel) wæs t-weard, 762.

tan-weard, adj., without, outward, from without: acc. sg. hlw ... ealne tan-weardne, 2298.

W

wacian, w. v., to watch: imper. sg. waca wið wrðum! 661.

wadan, st. v., (cf. wade, waddle) to traverse; stride, go: pret. sg. wd þurh þone wæl-rc, 2662; wd under wolcnum (stalked beneath the clouds), 715.

ge-wadan, to attain by moving, come to, reach: pret. part. oð þæt ... wunden-stefna ge-waden hæfde, þæt þ lðende land ge-swon (till the ship had gone so far that the sailors saw land), 220.

on-wadan, w. acc., to invade, befall: pret. sg. hine fyren on-wd(?), 916.

þurh-wadan, to penetrate, pierce: pret. sg. þæt swurd þurh-wd wrt-lcne wyrm, 891; so, 1568.

wg, st. m., wall: dat. sg. on wge, 1663; dat. pl. æfter wgum (along the walls), 996.

wala, w. m., boss: nom. pl. walan, 1032 (cf. Bouterwek in Haupt XI., 85 seqq.).

walda, w. m., wielder, ruler: in comp. an-, eal-walda.

wald-swaðu, st. f., forest-path: dat. pl. æfter wald-swaðum (along the wood-paths), 1404.

wam, wom, st. m., spot, blot, sin: acc. sg. him be-beorgan ne con wom (cannot protect himself from evil or from the evil strange orders, etc.; wom = wogum? = crooked?), 1748; instr. pl. wommum, 3074.

wan, won, adj., wan, lurid, dark: nom. sg, yð-geblond ... won (the dark waves), 1375; se wonna hrefn (the black raven), 3025; wonna lg (lurid flame), 3116; dat. sg. f. on wanre niht, 703; nom. pl. neut. scadu-helma ge-sceapu ... wan, 652.

wang, st. m., mead, field; place: acc. sg. wang, 93, 225; wong, 1414, 2410, 3074; dat. sg. wange, 2004; wonge, 2243, 3040; acc. pl. wongas, 2463.—Comp.: freoðo-, grund-, medo-, s-wang.

wang-stede, st. m., (locus campestris), spot, place: dat. sg. wong-stede, 2787.

wan-hyd (for hygd), st. f., heedlessness, recklessness: dat. pl. for his won-hydum, 434.

wanian, w. v.: 1) intrans., to decrease, wane: inf. þ þæt sweord ongan ... wanian, 1608.—2) w. acc., to cause to wane or lessen: pret. sg. h t lange lode mne wanode, 1338.

ge-wanian, to decrease, diminish: pret. part. is mn flet-werod ... ge-wanod, 477.

wan-slig, adj., unhappy, wretched: nom. sg. won-slig wer (Grendel), 105.

wan-sceaft, st. f., misery, want: acc. sg. won-sceaft, 120.

warian, w. v. w. acc., to occupy, guard, possess: pres. sg. III. þr h hðen gold warað (where he guards heathen gold), 2278; pl. III. he (Grendel and his mother) dygel land warigeað, 1359; pret. sg. (Grendel) goldsele warode, 1254; (Cain) wsten warode, 1266.

waroð, st. m., shore: dat. sg. t waroðe, 234; acc. pl. wide waroðas, 1966.

waru, st. f., inhabitants, (collective) population: in comp. land-waru.

w, interj., woe! w bið þm þe... (woe to him that...), 183.

wðu, st. f., way, journey: in comp. gamen-wðu.

wnian, w. v., to weep, whine, howl, w. acc.: inf. gehyrdon ... sr wnigean helle hæftan (they heard the hell-fastened one lamenting his pain), 788; pret. sg. [wnode], 3152(?).

wt. See witan.

wæcean, w. v., to watch: pret. part wæccende, 709, 2842; acc. sg. m. wæccendne wer, 1269. See wacian.

wæcnan, w. v., to be awake, come forth: inf., 85.

wæcnan, st. v., to awake, arise, originate: pret. sg. þanon (from Cain) wc fela ge-sceaft-gsta, 1266; so, 1961; pl. þm fower bearn ... in worold wcun, 60.

on-wæcnan: 1) to awake (intrans.): pret. sg. þ se wyrm on-wc (when the drake awoke), 2288.—2) to be born: pret. sg. him on-wc hah Healfdene, 56; pl. on-wcon, 111.

wæd, st. n., (the moving) sea, ocean: nom. wado weallende, 546; wadu weallendu, 581; gen. pl. wada 508.

wfre, adj., wavering (like flame), ghostlike, without distinct bodily form: nom. sg. wæl-gst wfre (of Grendel's mother), 1332;—flickering, expiring: nom. sg. wfre md, 1151; him wæs gemor sefa, wfre and wæl-fs, 2421.

be-wægnan, w. v., to offer: pret part, him wæs ... frond-laðu wordum be-wægned, 1194.

wæl, st. n., battle, slaughter, the slain in battle: acc. sg. wæl, 1213, 3028, bldig wæl, 448; oððe on wæl crunge (or in battle, among the slain, fall), 636; dat. sg. sume on wæle crungon (some fell in the slaughter), 1114; dat. sg. in Fr...es wæle (proper name in MS. destroyed), 1071; nom. pl. walu, 1043.

wæl-bed, st. n., slaughter-bed, deathbed: dat. sg. on wæl-bedde, 965.

wæl-bend, st. f., death-bond: acc. sg. or pl. wæl-bende ... hand-gewriðene, 1937.

wæl-blat, adj., deadly, mortal, cruel: acc. sg. wunde wæl-blate, 2726.

wæl-dað, st. m., death in battle: nom. sg., 696.

wæl-dror, st. m., battle-gore: instr. sg. wæl-drore, 1632.

wæl-fh, adj., slaughter-stained, blood-stained: acc. sg. wæl-fgne winter, 1129.

wæl-fæhð, st. f., deadly feud: gen. pl. wæl-fhða, 2029.

wæl-feall, st. m., (fall of the slain), death, destruction: dat. sg. t wæl-fealle, 1712.

wæl-fs, adj., ready for death, foreboding death: nom. sg., 2421.

wæl-fyllo, st. f., fill of slaughter: dat. sg. mid þre wæl-fulle (i.e. the thirty men nightly slaughtered at Heorot by Grendel), 125; wæl-fylla? 3155.

wæl-fyr, st. n.: 1) deadly fire: instr. sg. wæl-fyre (of the fire-spewing dragon), 2583.—2) corpse-consuming fire, funeral pyre: gen. pl. wæl-fyra mst, 1120.

wæl-gst, st. m., deadly sprite (of Grendel and his mother): nom. sg. wæl-gst, 1332; acc. sg. þone wæl-gst, 1996.

wæl-hlem, st. m., death-stroke: acc. sg. wæl-hlem þone, 1996.

wælm, st. m., flood, whelming water: nom. sg. þre burnan wælm, 2547; gen. sg. þæs wælmes (of the surf), 2136.—Comp. cear-wælm.

wæl-nð, st. m., deadly hostility: nom. sg., 3001; dat. sg. æfter wæl-nðe, 85; nom. pl. wæl-nðas, 2066.

wæl-rp, st. m., flood-fetter, i.e. ice: acc. pl. wæl-rpas, 1611; (cf. wæll, wel, wyll = well, flood: leax sceal on wæle mid scote scrðan, Gnom. Cott. 39).

wæl-rs, st. m., deadly onslaught: nom. sg., 2948; dat. sg. wæl-rse, 825, 2532.

wæl-rest, st. f., death-bed, acc. sg. wæl-reste, 2903.

wæl-rc, st. m., deadly reek or smoke: acc. sg. wd þ þurh þone wæl-rc, 2662.

wæl-raf, st, n., booty of the slain, battle-plunder: acc. sg., 1206.

wæl-row, adj., bold in battle: nom. sg., 630.

wæl-sceaft, st. m., deadly shaft, spear: acc. pl. wæl-sceaftas, 398.

wæl-seax, st. n., deadly knife, war-knife: instr. sg. wæll-seaxe, 2704.

wæl-stenge, st. m., battle-spear: dat. sg. on þm wæl-stenge, 1639.

wæl-stw, st. f., battle-field: dat. sg. wæl-stwe, 2052, 2985.

wæstm, st. m., growth, form, figure: dat. sg. on weres wæstmum (in man's form), 1353.

wæter, st. n., water: nom. sg., 93, 1417, 1515, 1632; acc. sg. wæter, 1365, 1620; dop wæter (the deep), 509, 1905; ofer wd wæter (over the high sea], 2474; dat. sg. æfter wætere (along the Grendel-sea), 1426; under wætere (at the bottom of the sea), 1657; instr. wætere, 2723; wætre, 2855; gen. sg. ofer wæteres hrycg (over the surface of the sea), 471; on wæteres ht, 516; þurh wæteres wylm (through the sea-wave), 1694; gen. = instr. wæteres weorpan (to sprinkle with water), 2792.

wæter-egesa, st. m., water-terror, i.e. the fearful sea: acc. sg., 1261

wæter-yð, st. f., water-wave, billow: dat. pl. wæter-yðum, 2243.

wd, st. f., (weeds), garment: in comp. here-, hilde-wd.

ge-wde, st. n., clothing, especially battle-equipments: acc. pl. gewdu, 292.—Comp. eorl-gewde.

wg, st. m., wave: acc. sg. wg, 3133.

wg-bora, w. m., wave-bearer, swimmer (bearing or propelling the waves before him): nom. sg. wundorlc wg-bora (of a sea-monster), 1441.

wg-flota, w. m., sea-sailer, ship: acc. sg. wg-flotan, 1908.

wg-holm, st. m., the wave-filled sea: acc. sg. ofer wg-holm, 217.

wge, st. n., cup, can: acc. sg. fted wge, 2254, 2283.—Comp.: ealo-, lð-wge.

wg-lðend, pres. part., sea-farer: dat. pl. wg-lðendum (et lðendum, MS.), 3160.

wg-sweord, st. n., heavy sword: acc. sg., 1490.

wn, st. m., wain, wagon: acc. sg. on wn, 3135.

wpen, st. n., weapon; sword: nom. sg., 1661; acc. sg. wpen, 686, 1574, 2520, 2688; instr. wpne, 1665, 2966; gen. wpnes, 1468; acc. pl. wpen, 292; dat. pl. wpnum, 250, 331, 2039, 2396. —Comp.: hilde-, sige-wpen.

wpned-man, st. m., warrior, man: dat. sg. wpned-men, 1285.

wr, st. f., covenant, treaty: acc. sg. wre, 1101;—protection, care: dat. sg. on fran (on þæs waldendes) wre (into God's protection), 27, 3110.—Comp.: frioðo-wr.

wsma, w. m., fierce strength, war-strength: in comp. here-wsma, 678.

w, pers. pron., we, 942, 959, 1327, 1653, 1819, 1820, etc.

web, st. n., woven work, tapestry:, nom. pl. web, 996.

webbe, w. f., webster, female weaver: in comp. freoðu-webbe.

weccan, weccean, w. v. w. acc., to wake, rouse; recall: inf. wg-bealu weccan (to stir up strife), 2047; nalles hearpan swg (sceal) wgend weccean (the sound of the harp shall not wake up the warriors), 3025; ongunnon þ ... bl-fyra mst wgend weccan (the warriors then began to start the mightiest of funeral pyres), 3145; pret. sg. wehte hine wætre (roused him with water, i.e. Wglf recalled Bowulf to consciousness), 2855.

t-weccan, to stir up, rouse: pret, pl. h þ folc mid him (with one another), fhðe t-wehton, 2949.

wed, st. n., (cf. wed-ding), pledge: dat. sg. hyldo t wedde (as a pledge of his favor), 2999.

weder, st. n., weather: acc. pl. wuldor-torhtan weder, 1137; gen. pl. wedera cealdost, 546.

ge-wef, st. n., woof, weaving: acc. pl. wg-spda ge-wiofu (the woof of war-speed: the battle-woof woven for weal or woe by the Walkyries; cf. Njals-saga, 158), 698.

weg, st. m., way: acc. sg. on weg (away, off), 264, 764, 845, 1431, 2097; gyf þ on weg cymest (if thou comest off safe, i.e. from the battle with Grendel's mother), 1383.—Comp.: feor-, fold-, forð-, wd-weg.

wegan, st. v. w. acc., to bear, wear, bring, possess: subj. pres. nh hw sweord wege (I have none that may bear the sword), 2253; inf. nalles (sceal) eorl wegan mððum t ge-myndum (no earl shall wear a memorial jewel), 3016; pret. ind. h þ frætwe wæg ... ofer yða ful (bore the jewels over the goblet of the waves), 1208; wæl-seaxe ... þæt h on byrnan wæg, 2705; heortan sorge wæg (bore heart's sorrow); so, 152, 1778, 1932, 2781.

æt-wegan = auferre, to carry off: syððan Hma æt-wæg t þre byrhtan byrig Brsinga mene (since H. bore from the bright city the Brsing-collar), 1199.

ge-wegan (O.N. wega), to fight: inf. þ h wið þm wyrme ge-wegan sceolde, 2401.

wl, well, adv.: 1) well: wl bið þm þe ... (well for him that ...!), 186; s þe wl þenceð (he that well thinketh, judgeth), 289; so, 640, 1046, 1822, 1834, 1952, 2602; well, 2163, 2813.—2) very, very much: Gat ungemetes wl ... restan lyste (the Geat longed sorely to rest), 1793.—3) indeed, to be sure, 2571, 2856.

wela, w. m., wealth, goods, possessions: in comp. r-, burg-, hord-, mððum-wela.

wl-hwylc, indef. pron., = quivis, any you please, any (each, all): gen. pl. wl-hwylcra wilna, 1345; w. partitive gen.: nom. sg. witena wl-hwylc, 266;—substantively: acc. neut. wl-hwylc, 875.

welig, adj., wealthy, rich: acc. sg. wc-stede weligne Wgmundinga, 2608.

wl-þungen, pres. part., well-thriven (in mind), mature, high-minded: nom. sg. Hygd (wæs) swðe geong, ws, wl-þungen, 1928.

wenian, w. v., to accustom, attract, honor: subj. pret. þæt ... Folcwaldan sunu ... Hengestes hap hringum wenede (sh. honor), 1092.

be-(bi-)wenian, entertain, care for, attend: pret. sg. mæg þæs þonne of-þyncan þoden Heaðo-beardna ... þonne h mid fmnan on flet gð, dryht-bearn Dena duguða bi-wenede (may well displease the prince of the H.... when he with the woman goes into the hall, that a noble scion of the Danes should entertain, bear wine to, the knights, cf. 494 seqq.; or, a noble scion of the Danes should attend on her?), 2036; pret. part. nom. pl. wron hr tela willum be-wenede, 1822.

wendan, w. v., to turn: pres. sg. III. him eal worold wendeð on willan (all the world turns at his will), 1740.

ge-wendan, w. acc.: l) to turn, turn round: pret. sg. wicg gewende (turned his horse), 315.—2) to turn (intrans.), change: inf. w bið þm þe sceal ... frfre ne wnan, wihte ge-wendan (woe to him that shall have no hope, shall not change at all), 186.

on-wendan, to avert, set aside: 1) w. acc.: inf. ne mihte snotor hæleð wan on-wendan, 191.—2) intrans.: sibb fre ne mæg wiht on-wendan þm þe wl þenceð (in, to, him that is well thinking friendship can not be set aside), 2602.

wer, st. m., man, hero: nom. sg. (Grendel), 105; acc. sg. wer (Bowulf), 1269, 3174; gen. sg. on weres wæstmum (in man's form), 1353; nom. pl. weras, 216, 1223, 1234, 1441, 1651; dat. pl. werum, 1257; gen. pl. wera, 120, 994, 1732, 3001; (MS. weora), 2948.

wered, st. n., (as adj. = sweet), a sort of beer (probably without hops or such ingredients): acc. sg. scr wered, 496.

were-feohte, f., defensive fight, fight in self-defence: dat. pl. for were-fyhtum (fere fyhtum, MS.), 457.

werhðo, st. f., curse, outlawry, condemnation: acc. sg. þ in helle scealt werhðo drogan, 590.

werian, to defend, protect: w. vb., pres. sg. III. beaduscrda ... þæt mne brost wereð, 453; inf. wit unc wið hron-fixas werian þhton, 541; pres. part. w. gen. pl. wergendra t lyt (too few defenders), 2883; pret. ind. wæl-raf werede (guarded the battle-spoil), 1206; se hwta helm hafelan werede (the shining helm protected his head), 1449; pl. hafelan weredon, 1328; pret. part. nom. pl. g ... byrnum werede (ye ... corselet-clad), 238, 2530.

be-werian, to protect, defend: pret. pl. þæt he ... loda land-geweorc lðum be-weredon scuccum and scinnum (that they the people's land-work from foes, from monsters and demons, might defend), 939

werig, adj., accursed, outlawed: gen. sg. wergan gstes (Grendel), 133; (of the devil), 1748.

werod, weorod, st. n., band of men, warrior-troop: nom. sg. werod, 652; weorod, 290, 2015, 3031; acc. sg. werod, 319; dat. instr. sg. weorode, 1012, 2347; werede, 1216; gen. sg. werodes, 259; gen. pl. wereda, 2187; weoroda, 60.—Comp.: eorl-, flet-werod.

wer-þod, st. f., people, humanity: dat. sg. ofer wer-þode, 900.

wesan, v., to be: pres. sg. I. ic eom, 335, 407; II. þ eart, 352, 506; III. is, 256, 272, 316, 343, 375, 473, etc.; n is þnes mægenes bld ne hwle (the prime [fame?] of thy powers lasteth now for a while), 1762; ys, 2911, 3000, 3085; pl. I. w synt, 260, 342; II. syndon, 237, 393; III. syndon, 257, 361, 1231; synt, 364; sint, 388; subj. pres. se, 435, 683, etc.; sy, 1832, etc.; sig, 1779, etc.; imper. sg. II. wes, 269 (cf. wassail, wes hl), 407, 1171, 1220, 1225, etc.; inf. wesan, 272, 1329, 1860, 2709, etc. The inf. wesan must sometimes be supplied: nealles Hetware hrmge þorfton (i.e. wesan) fðe-wges, 2364; so, 2498, 2660, 618, 1858; pres. part. wesende, 46; dat. sg. wesendum, 1188; pret. sg. I., III. wæs, 11, 12, 18, 36, 49, 53, etc.; wæs on sunde (was a-swimming), 1619; so, 848, 850(?), 970, 981, 1293; progressive, wæs secgende (for sde), 3029; II. wre, 1479, etc.; pl. wron, 233, 536, 544, etc.; wran (w. reflex, him), 2476; pret. subj. wre, 173, 203, 594, 946, etc.; progressive, myndgiend wre (for myndgie), 1106.—Contracted neg. forms: , nis = ne + is, 249, 1373, etc.; næs = ne + wæs, 134, 1300, 1922, 2193, etc. (cf. uncontracted: ne wæs, 890, 1472); nron = ne + wron, 2658; nre = ne + wre, 861, 1168. See cniht-wesende.

wg. See wg.

wn, st. f., expectation, hope: nom. sg., 735, 1874, 2324; n is lodum wn orleg-hwle (gen.) (now the people have weening of a time of strife), 2911; acc. sg. þæs ic wn hæbbe (as I hope, expect), 383; so, þæs þe ic [wn] hafo, 3001; wn ic talige, 1846; dat. pl. bga on wnum (in expectation of both, i.e. the death and the return of Bowulf), 2896. See or-wna.

wnan, w. v., to ween, expect, hope: 1) absolutely; pres. sg. I. þæs ic wne (as I hope), 272; sw ic þ wne t (as I hope thou wilt: Bowulf hopes Hrðgr will now suffer no more pain), 1397.—2) w. gen. or acc. pres. sg. I. þonne wne ic t þ wyrsan ge-þinges, 525; ic þr heaðu-fyres htes wne, 2523; III. secce ne wneð to Gr Denum (weeneth not of contest with the Gar-Danes), 601; inf. (beorhtre bte) wnan (to expect, count on, a brilliant [? a lighter penalty] atonement), 157; pret. pl. þæs ne wndon r witan Scyldinga þæt ... the wise men of the Scyldings weened not of this before, that...), 779; þæt hig þæs æðelinges eft ne wndon þæt h ... scean cme (that they looked not for the atheling again that he ... would come to seek ...), 1598.—3) w. acc. inf.: pret. sg. wnde, 934.—4) w. depend, clause: pres. sg. I. wne ic þæt..., 1185; wn' ic þæt..., 338, 442; pret. sg. wnde, 2330; pl. wndon, 938, 1605.

wpan, st. v., to weep: pret. sg. [wop], 3152 (?).

werig, adj., weary, exhausted, w. gen.: nom. sg. siðes wrig (weary from the journey, way-weary), 579; dat. sg. siðes wrgum, 1795;—w. instr.: acc. pl. wundum wrge (wound-weary), 2938.—Comp.: dað-, fyl-, gð-wrig.

ge-werigean, w. v., to weary, exhaust: pret. part. ge-wrgad, 2853.

wrig-md, adj., weary-minded (animo defessus): nom. sg., 845, 1544.

wste, adj., waste, uninhabited: acc. sg. win-sele wstne, 2457.

wsten, st. n., waste, wilderness: acc. sg. wsten, 1266.

wsten, st. f., waste, wilderness: dat. sg. on þre wstenne, 2299.

weal, st. m.: 1 wall, rampart: dat. instr. sg. wealle, 786, 892, 3163; gen. sg. wealles, 2308.—2) elevated sea-shore: dat. sg. of wealle, 229; acc. pl. windige weallas, 572, 1225.—3) wall of a building: acc, sg. wið þæs recedes weal, 326; dat. sg. be wealle, 1574; hence, the inner and outer rock-walls of the dragon's lair (cf. Heyne's essay: Halle Heorot, p. 59): dat. sg., 2308, 2527, 2717, 2760, 3061, 3104; gen. sg. wealles, 2324.—Comp.: bord-, eorð-, s-, scyld-weal.

ge-wealc, st. n., rolling: acc. sg. ofer yða ge-wealc, 464.

ge-weald, st. n., power, might: acc. sg. on fonda ge-weald (into the power of his foes), 809, 904; so, 1685; geweald gan, hæbban, -bodan (w. gen. of object = to present) = to have power over, 79, 655, 765, 951, 1088, 1611, 1728. See on-weald.

wealdan, st. v., to wield, govern, rule over, prevail: 1) absolutely or with depend, clause: inf. gif h wealdan mt (if he may prevail), 442; þr h ... wealdan mste sw him Wyrd ne ge-scrf (if [where?] he was to prevail, as Weird had not destined for him), 2575; pres. part. waldend (God), 1694; dat. wealdende, 2330; gen. waldendes, 2293, 2858, 3110.—2) with instr. or dat.: inf. þm wpnum wealdan (to wield, prevail with, the weapons), 2039; Gatum wealdan (to rule the Gatas), 2391; þah-hordum wealdan (to rule over, control, the treasure of rings), 2828; wæl-stwe wealdan (to hold the field of battle), 2985; pret. sg. wold, 465, 1058, 2380, 2596; þenden wordum wold wine Scyldinga (while the friend of the S. ruled the G.), 30; pl. woldon, 2052.—3) with gen.: pres. sg. I. þenden ic wealde wdan rces, 1860; pres. part. wuldres wealdend(waldend), 17, 183, 1753; weard, 2514; the 'dragon is called ylda waldend, 1662; waldend fra, 2742; sigora waldend, 2876 (designations of God); pret. sg. wold, 703, 1771.

ge-wealdan, to wield, have power over, arrange: 1) w. acc.: pret. sg. hlig god ge-wold wg-sigor, 1555.—2) w. dat.: pret. cyning ge-wold his ge-witte (the king possessed his senses), 2704.—3) w. gen.: inf. h ne mihte n ... wpna ge-wealdan, 1510.

ge-wealden, pret. part., subject, subjected: acc. pl. gedð him sw gewealdene worolde dlas, 1733.

weallan, st. v.: 1) to toss, be agitated (of the sea): pres. part. nom. pl. wadu weallende (weallendu), 546, 581; nom. sg. brim weallende, 848; pret. ind. wol, 515, 850, 1132; woll, 2139.—2) figuratively (of emotions), to be agitated: pres. pl. III. syððan Ingelde weallað wæl-nðas (deadly hate thus agitates Ingeld), 2066; pres. part. weallende, 2465; pret. sg. hreðer inne woll (his heart was moved within him), 2114; hreðer ðme woll (his breast [the dragon's] swelled from breathing, snorting), 2594; brost innan woll þostrum ge-þoncum, 2332; so, woll, 2600, 2715, 2883.

weall-clif, st. n., sea-cliff: acc. sg. ofer weall-clif, 3133.

weallian, w. v., to wander, rove about: pres. part. in comp. heoro-weallende, 2782.

weard, st. m., warden, guardian; owner: nom. sg. weard Scyldinga (the Scyldings' warden of the march), 229; weard, 286, 2240; se weard, swele hyrde, 1742; the king is called bah-horda weard, 922; rces weard, 1391; folces weard, 2514; the dragon is called weard, 3061; weard un-hore, 2414; beorges weard, 2581; acc. sg, weard, 669; (dragon), 2842; beorges weard (dragon), 2525, 3067.—Comp.: bt-, ðel-, gold-, hafod-, hord-, hyð-, land-, rn-, sele-, yrfe-weard.

weard, st. m., possession (Dietrich in Haupt XI., 415): in comp. eorð-weard, 2335.

weard, st. f., watch, ward: acc. sg. wearde healdan, 319; wearde hold, 305.—Comp. g-weard.

weard, adj., -ward: in comp. and-, innan-, t-weard, 1288, etc.

weardian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) to watch, guard, keep: inf. h his folme forlt t lf-wraðe, lst weardian (Grendel left his hand behind as a life-saver, to guard his track [Kemble]), 972; pret. sg. him so swðre swaðe weardade hand on Hiorte (his right hand kept guard for him in H., i.e. showed that he had been there), 2099; sg. for pl. hyrde ic þæt þm frætwum fower maras lungre gelce last weardode (I heard that four horses, quite alike, followed in the traces of the armor), 2165.—2) to hold, possess, inhabit: pret. sg. ffel-cynnes eard ... weardode (dwelt in the abode of the sea-fiends), 105; reced weardode un-rm eorla (an immense number of earls held the hall), 1238; pl. þr w gesunde sæl weardodon, 2076.

wearh, st. m., the accursed one; wolf: in comp. heoro-wearg, 1268.

wearn, st. f.: 1) resistance, refusal, 366.—2) warning?, resistance? See un-wearnum, 742.

weaxan, st. v., to wax, grow: pres. sg. III. oð þæt him on innan ofer-hygda dl weaxeð (till within him pride waxeth), 1742; inf. weaxan, 3116; pret. sg. wox, 8.

ge-weaxan, to grow up: pret. sg. oft þæt so geogoð ge-wox, 66.

ge-weaxan to, to grow to or for something: pret. sg. ne ge-wox h him to willan (grew not for their benefit), 1712.

wa, w. m., woe, evil, misfortune: nom. sg., 937; acc. sg. wean, 191, 423, 1207, 1992, 2293, 2938; gen. pl. wana, 148, 934, 1151, 1397.

wa-lf, st. f., wretched remnant: acc. pl. þ wa-lfe (the wretched remnant, i.e. Finn's almost annihilated band), 1085, 1099.

wa-spel, st. n., woe-spell, evil tidings: dat. sg. wa-spelle, 1316.

ge-weoldum. See ge-wild.

weorc, st. n.: 1) work, labor, deed: acc. sg., 74; (war-deed), 1657; instr. sg. weorce, 1570; dat. pl. weorcum, 2097; wordum ne (and) worcum, 1101, 1834; gen. pl. worda and worca, 289.—2) work, trouble, suffering: acc. sg. þæs gewinnes weorc (misery on account of this strife), 1722; dat. pl. adv. weorcum (with labor), 1639.—Comp.: bdo-, ellen-, heaðo-, niht-weorc.

ge-weorc, st. n.: 1) work, deed, labor: nom. acc. sg., 455, 1563, 1682, 2718, 2775; gen. sg. ge-weorces, 2712. Comp.: r-, fyrn-, gð-, hond-, nð-ge-weorc.—2) fortification, rampart: in comp. land-geweorc, 939.

weorce, adj., painful, bitter: nom. sg., 1419.

weorð, st. n., precious object, valuable: dat. sg. weorðe, 2497.

weorð, adj., dear, precious: nom. sg. weorð Denum æðeling (the atheling dear to the Danes, Bowulf), 1815; compar. nom. sg. þæt h syððan wæs ... mðme þy weorðra (more honored from the jewel), 1903; cf. wyrðe.

weorðan, st. v.: 1) to become: pres. sg. III. beholen weorðeð (is concealed), 414; underne weorðeð (becomes known), 2914; so, pl. III. weorðað, 2067; wurðað, 282; inf. weorðan, 3179; wurðan, 808; pret. sg. I., III. wearð, 6, 77, 149, 409, 555, 754, 768, 819, 824, etc.; pl. wurdon, 228; subj. pret. wurde, 2732.—2) inf. to frfre weorðan (to become a help), 1708; pret. sg. wearð h Heaðolfe t hand-bonan, 460; so, wearð, 906, 1262; ne wearð Heremd sw (i.e. to frfre) eaforum Ecgwelan, 1710; pl. wurdon, 2204; subj. pret. sg. II. wurde, 588.—3) pret. sg. þæt h on fylle wearð (that he came to a fall), 1545.—4) to happen, befall: inf. unc sceal weorðan ... sw unc Wyrd ge-toð (it shall befall us two as Fate decrees), 2527; þurh hwæt his worulde gedl weorðan sceolde, 3069; pret. sg. þ þr sna wearð ed-hwyrft eorlum (there was soon a renewal to the earls, i.e. of the former perils), 1281.

ge-weorðan: 1) to become: pret. sg. ge-wearð, 3062; pret. part. cearu wæs genwod ge-worden (care was renewed), 1305; sw us ge-worden is, 3079.—2) to finish; complete?: inf. þæt þ ... lte Sð-Dene sylfe ge-weorðan gðe wið Grendel (that thou wouldst let the S. D. put an end to their war with Grendel), 1997.—3) impersonally with acc., to agree, decide: pret. sg. þ þæs monige ge-wearð þæt ... (since many agreed that ...), 1599; pret. part. hafað þæs ge-worden wine Scyldinga, rces hyrde, and þæt rd talað þæt h ... (therefore hath it so appeared(?) advisable to the friend of the S., the guardian of the realm, and he counts it a gain that ...), 2027.

weorð-ful, adj., glorious, full of worth: nom. sg. weorð-fullost, 3100.

weorðian, w. v., to honor, adorn: pret. sg. þr ic ... þne lode weorðode weorcum (there honored I thy people by my deeds), 2097; subj. pret. (þæt h) æt feoh-gyftum ... Dene weorðode (that he would honor the Danes at, by, treasure-giving), 1091.

ge-weorðian, ge-wurðian, to deck, ornament: pret. part. hire syððan wæs æfter bah-þege brost ge-weorðod, 2177; wpnum ge-weorðad, 250; since ge-weorðad, 1451; so, ge-wurðad, 331, 1039, 1646; wide ge-weorðad (known, honored, afar), 1960.

weorð-lce, adv., worthily, nobly: superl. weorð-lcost, 3163.

weorð-mynd, st. f. n., dignity, honor, glory: nom. sg., 65; acc. sg. geseah þ eald sweord ..., wigena weorðmynd (saw an ancient sword there, the glory of warriors), 1560; dat. instr. pl. weorð-myndum, 8; t worð-myndum, 1187; gen. pl. weorð-mynda dl, 1753.

weorðung, st. f., ornament: in comp. brost-, hm-, heorft-, hring-, wg-weorðung.

weorod. See werod.

weorpan, st. v.: 1) to throw, cast away, w. acc.: pret. sg. wearp þ wunden-ml wrttum gebunden yrre retta, þæt hit on eorðan læg (the wrathful warrior threw the ornamented sword, that it lay on the earth), 1532.—2) to throw around or about, w. instr.: pret. sg. beorges weard . .. wearp wæl-fyre (threw death-fire around), 2583.—3) to throw upon: inf. h hine eft ongan wæteres (instr. gen.) weorpan (began to cast water upon him again), 2792.

for-weorpan, w. acc., to cast away, squander: subj. pret. þæt h gnunga gð-gewdu wrðe for-wurpe (that he squandered uselessly the battle-weeds, i.e. gave them to the unworthy), 2873.

ofer-weorpan, to stumble: pret. sg. ofer-wearp þ ... wigena strengest, 1544.

weotian, w. v., to provide with, adjust(?): pret. part. acc. pl. wæl-bende weotode, 1937.

be-weotian, be-witian, w. v. w. acc., to regard, observe, care for: pres. pl. III. be-witiað, 1136; pret. sg. þegn ... s þe ... ealle be-weotede þegnes þearfe (who would attend to all the needs of a thane), 1797; draca s þe ... hord be-weotode (the drake that guarded a treasure), 2213;—to carry out, undertake: pres. pl. III. þ ... oft be-witigað sorh-fulne sð on segl-rde, 1429.

wicg, st. n., steed, riding-horse: nom. sg., 1401; acc. sg. wicg, 315; dat. instr. sg. wicge, 234; on wicge, 286; acc. pl. wicg, 2175; gen. pl. wicga, 1046.

ge-widor, st. n., storm, tempest: acc. pl. lð ge-widru (loathly weather), 1376.

wið prep. w. dat. and acc., with fundamental meanings of division and opposition: 1) w. dat., against, with (in hostile sense), from: þ wið gode wunnon, 113; na (wan) wið eallum, 145; ymb feorh sacan, lð wið lðum, 440; so, 426, 439, 550, 2372, 2521, 2522, 2561, 2840, 3005; þæt him holt-wudu ... helpan ne meahte, lind wið lge, 2342; hwæt ... slest wre wið fr-gryrum t ge-fremmanne, 174; þæt him gst-bona goce gefremede wið þod-þraum, 178; wið rihte wan (strove against right), 144; hæfde ... sele Hrðgres ge-nered wið nðe (had saved H.'s hall from strife), 828; (him dyrne langað ...) beorn wið blde (the hero longeth secretly contrary to his blood, i.e. H. feels a secret longing for the non-related Bowulf), 1881; sundur ge-dlan lf wið lce (to sunder soul from body), 2424; stramas wundon sund wið sande (the currents rolled the sea against the sand), 213; lg-yðum forborn bord wið ronde (rond, MS.) (with waves of flame burnt the shield against, as far as, the rim), 2674; holm storme wol, won wið winde (the sea surged, wrestled with the wind), 1133; so, hiora in num woll sefa wið sorgum (in one of them surged the soul with sorrow [against?, Heyne]), 2601; þæt hire wið healse heard grpode (that the sharp sword bit against her neck), 1567.—2) w. acc.: a) against, towards: wan wið Hrðgr (fought against H.), 152; wið fonda gehwone, 294; wið wrð werod, 319; so, 540, 1998, 2535; hine hlig god s on-sende wið Grendles gryre, 384; þæt ic wið þone gð-flogan gylp ofer-sitte (that I refrain from boastful speech against the battle-flier), 2529; ne wolde wið manna ge-hwone ... feorh-bealo feorran (would not cease his life-plotting against any of the men; or, withdraw life-bale from, etc.? or, peace would not have with any man..., mortal bale withdraw?, Kemble), 155; ic þ lode wt g wið fond g wið frond fæste geworhte (towards foe and friend), 1865; hold hah-lufan wið hæleða brego (cherished high love towards the prince of heroes), 1955; wið ord and wið ecge ingang forstd (prevented entrance to spear-point and sword-edge), 1550. b) against, on, upon, in: setton sde scyldas ... wið þæs recedes weal (against the wall of the hall), 326; wið eorðan fæðm (eardodon) (in the bosom of the earth), 3050; wið earm ge-sæt (sat on, against, his arm), 750; so, stð-md ge-std wið stapne rond, 2567; [wið duru healle ode] (went to the door of the hall), 389; wið Hrefna-wudu (over against, near, H.), 2926; wið his sylfes sunu setl ge-thte (showed me to a seat with, near, beside, his own son), 2014. c) towards, with (of contracting parties): þæt he healfre ge-weald wið Eotena bearn gan mston (that they power over half the hall with the Eotens' sons were to possess), 1089; þenden h wið wulf wæl rafode (whilst with the wolf he was robbing the slain), 3028.—3) Alternately with dat. and acc., against: n wið Grendel sceal, wið þm glcan, na gehegan þing wið þyrse, 424-426;—with, beside: ge-sæt þ wið sylfne..., mg wið mge, 1978-79.

wiðer-gyld, st. n., compensation: nom. sg., 2052, [proper name?].

wiðer-ræhtes, adv., opposite, in front of, 3040.

wiðre, st. n., resistance: gen. sg. wiðres ne truwode, 2954.

wiht, st. f.: 1) wight, creature, demon: nom. sg. wiht unhlo (the demon of destruction, Grendel), 120; acc. sg. syllcran wiht (the dragon), 3039.—2) thing, something, aught: nom. sg. w. negative, n hine wiht dweleð (nor does aught check him), 1736; him wiht ne spow (it helped him naught), 2855; acc. sg. n him þæs wyrmes wg for wiht dyde (nor did he count the worm's warring for aught), 2349; ne meahte ic ... wiht gewyrcan (I could not do aught ...), 1661;—w. partitive gen.: n ... wiht swylcra searo-niða, 581;—the acc. sg. = adv. like Germ. nicht: n he hru wine-drihten wiht ne lgon (did not blame their friendly lord aught), 863; so, ne wiht = naught, in no wise, 1084, 2602, 2858; n wiht, 541; instr. sg. wihte (in aught, in any way), 1992; ne ... wihte (by no means), 186, 2278, 2688; wihte ne, 1515, 1996, 2465, 2924.—Comp.: -wiht (ht = aught), æl-wiht, -wiht.

wil-cuma, w. m., one welcome (qui gratus advenit): nom. pl. wil-cuman Denigea lodum (welcome to the people of the Danes), 388; so, him (the lord of the Danes) wil-cuman, 394; wil-cuman Wedera lodum (welcome to the Gatas), 1895.

ge-wild, st. f., free-will? dat. pl. nealles mid ge-weoldum (sponte, voluntarily, Bugge), 2223.

wil-dor (for wild-dor), st. n., wild beast: acc. pl. wil-dor, 1431.

wil-gesð, st. m., chosen or willing companion: nom. pl. -ge-sðas, 23.

wil-geofa, w. m., ready giver (= voti largitor: princely designation), joy-giver?: nom. sg. wil-geofa Wedra loda, 2901.

willa, w. m.: 1) will, wish, desire, sake: nom. sg. 627, 825; acc. sg. willan, 636, 1740, 2308, 2410; instr. sg. nes willan (for the sake of one), 3078; so, 2590; dat. sg. t willan, 1187, 1712; instr. pl. willum (according to wish), 1822; sylfes willum, 2224, 2640; gen. pl. wilna, 1345.—2) desirable thing, valuable: gen. pl. wilna, 661, 951.

willan, aux. v., will: in pres. also shall (when the future action is depend. on one's free will): pres. sg. I. wille ic -secgan (I will set forth, tell out), 344; so, 351, 427; ic t s wille (I will to sea), 318; wylle, 948, 2149, 2513; sg. II. þ wylt, 1853; sg. III. h wile, 346, 446, 1050, 1182, 1833; wyle, 2865; wille, 442, 1004, 1185, 1395; r h in wille (ere he will in, i.e. go or flee into the fearful sea), 1372; wylle, 2767; pl. I. w ... wyllað, 1819; pret. sg. I., III. wolde, 68, 154, 200, 646, 665, 739, 756, 797, 881, etc.; n ic fram him wolde (i.e. flotan), 543; so, sw h hira m wolde (i.e. -cwellan), 1056; pret. pl. woldon, 482, 2637, 3173; subj. pret., 2730.—Forms contracted w. negative: pres. sg. I. nelle (= ne + wille, I will not, nolo), 680, 2525(?); pret. sg. III. nolde (= ne + wolde), 792, 804, 813, 1524; w. omitted inf. þ metod nolde, 707, 968; pret. subj. nolde, 2519.

wilnian, w. v., to long for, beseech: inf. wl bið þm þe mt ... t fæder fæðmum freoðo wilnian (well for him that may beseech protection in the Father's arms), 188.

wil-sð, st. m., chosen journey: acc. sg. wil-sð, 216.

ge-win, st. n.: 1) strife, struggle, enmity, conflict: acc. sg., 878; þ he ge-win drugon (endured strife), 799; under yða ge-win (under the tumult of the waves), 1470; gen. sg. þæs ge-winnes weorc (misery for this strife), 1722.—2) suffering, oppression: nom. sg., 133, 191; acc. sg. eald ge-win, 1782.—Comp.: fyrn-, yð-ge-win.

wn-ærn, st. n., hall of hospitality, hall, wine-hall: gen. sg. wn-ærnes, 655.

wind, st. m., wind, storm: nom. sg., 547, 1375, 1908; dat. instr. sg. winde, 217; wið winde, 1133.

windan, st. v.: 1) intrans., to wind, whirl: pret. sg. wand t wolcnum wæl-fyra mst, 1120.—2) w. acc., to twist, wind, curl: pret. pl. stramas wundon sund wið sande, 212; pret. part. wunden gold (twisted, spirally-twined, gold), 1194, 3135; instr. pl. wundnum (wundum, MS.) golde, 1383.

æt-windan, to wrest one's self from, escape: pret. sg. s þm fonde æt-wand, 143.

be-windan, to wind with or round, clasp, surround, envelop (involvere): pret. sg. þ hit (the sword) mundum be-wand, 1462; pret. part. wrum be-wunden (wound with wires) 1032; feorh ... flsce be-wunden (flesh-enclosed), 2425; gr ... mundum be-wunden (a spear grasped with the hands), 3023; i-manna gold galdre be-wunden (spell-encircled gold), 3053; (sth ...) lg wpe be-wunden (uprose the flame mingled with a lament), 3147.

ge-windan, to writhe, get loose, escape: inf. wdre ge-windan (to flee further), 764; pret. sg. on flam ge-wand, 1002.

on-windan, to unwind, loosen: pres. sg. (þonne fæder) on-windeð wæl-rpas, 1611.

win-dæg, st. m., day of struggle or suffering: dat. pl. on þyssum win-dagum (in these days of sorrow, i.e. of earthly existence), 1063.

wind-bland (blond), st. n., wind-roar: nom. sg., 3147.

wind-gereste, f., resting-place of the winds: acc. sg., 2457.

windig, adj., windy: acc. pl. windige (weallas, næssas), 572, 1359; windige weallas (wind geard weallas, MS.), 1225.

wine, st. m., friend, protector, especially the beloved ruler: nom. sg. wine Scyldinga, lof land-fruma (Scyld), 30; wine Scyldinga (Hrðgr), 148, 1184. As vocative: mn wine, 2048; wine mn, Bowulf (Hunferð), 457, 530, 1705; acc. sg. holdne wine (Hrðgr), 376; wine Deniga, Scyldinga, 350, 2027; dat. sg. wine Scyldinga, 170; gen. sg. wines (Bowulf), 3097; acc. pl. wine, 21; dat. pl. Denum eallum, winum Scyldinga, 1419; gen. pl. winigea lasum, 1665; winia bealdor, 2568.—Comp.: fra-, fro-, gold-, gð-, mg-wine.

wine-dryhten, st. m., (dominus amicus), friendly lord, lord and friend: acc. sg. wine-drihten, 863, 1605; wine-dryhten, 2723, 3177; dat. sg. wine-drihtne, 360.

wine-gemor, adj., friend-mourning: nom. sg., 2240.

wine-las, adj., friendless: dat. sg. wine-lasum, 2614.

wine-mg, st. m., dear kinsman: nom. pl. wine-mgas, 65.

ge-winna, w. m., striver, struggler, foe: comp. eald-, ealdor-gewinna.

winnan, st. v., to struggle, fight: pret. sg. III. wan na wið eallum, 144; Grendel wan ... wið Hrðgr, 151; holm ... won wið winde (the sea fought with the wind: cf. wan wind endi water, Heliand, 2244), 1133; II. eart þ se Bowulf, s þe wið Brecan wunne, 506; pl. wið gode wunnon, 113; þr þ graman wunnon (where the foes fought), 778.

wn-reced, st. n., wine-hall, guest-hall, house for entertaining guests: acc. sg., 715, 994.

wn-sele, st. m., the same, wine-hall: nom. sg., 772; dat. sg. wn-sele, 696 (cf. Heliand Glossary, 369 [364]).

winter, st. m. n.: 1) winter: nom. sg., 1133, 1137; acc. sg. winter, 1129; gen. sg. wintres, 516.—2) year (counted by winters): acc. pl. fftig wintru (neut.), 2210; instr. pl. wintrum, 1725, 2115, 2278; gen. pl. wintra, 147, 264, 1928, 2279, 2734, 3051.

wintre, adj., so many winters (old): in comp. syfan-wintre.

ge-wislce, adv., certainly, undoubtedly: superl. gewislcost, 1351.

wist, st. f., fundamental meaning = existentia, hence: 1) good condition, happiness, abundance: dat. sg. wunað h on wiste, 1736.—2) food, subsistence, booty: dat. sg. þ wæs æfter wiste wp up -hafen (a cry was then uplifted after the meal, i.e. Grendel's meal of thirty men), 128.

wist-fyllo, st. f., fulness or fill of food, rich meal: gen. sg. wist-fylle, 735.

wit, st. n., (wit), understanding: nom. sg., 590.—Comp.: fyr-, in-wit.

ge-wit, st. n.: 1) consciousness. dat. sg. ge-wold his ge-witte, 2704.—2) heart, breast: dat. sg. fyr unswðor woll (the fire surged less strongly from the dragon's breast), 2883.

wit, pers. pron. dual of w, we two, 535, 537, 539, 540, 544, 1187, etc. See unc, uncer.

wita, weota, w. m., counsellor, royal adviser; pl., the king's council of nobles: nom. pl. witan, 779: gen. pl. witena, 157, 266, 937 weotena, 1099.—Comp.: fyrn-, rn-wita.

witan, pret.-pres. v., to wot, know. 1) w. depend, clause: pres. sg. I., III. wt, 1332, 2657; ic on Higelce wt þæt h ... (I know as to H., that he ...), 1831; so, god wt on mec þæt ...(God knows of me, that ...), 2651; sg. II. þ wst, 272; weak pret. sg. I., III. wiste, 822; wisse, 2340, 2726; pl. wiston, 799, 1605; subj. pres. I. gif ic wiste, 2520.—2) w. acc. and inf.: pres. sg. I. ic wt, 1864.—3) w. object, predicative part, or adj.: pret. sg. III. t þæs h win-reced ... gearwost wisse, fttum fhne, 716; so, 1310; wiste þm hlcan hilde ge-binged, 647.—4) w. acc., to know: inf. witan, 252, 288; pret. sg. wisse, 169; wiste his fingra ge-weald on grames grpum, 765; pl. II. wisson, 246; wiston, 181.

nt = ne + wt, I know not: 1) elliptically with hwylc, indef. pronoun = some or other: sceaða ic nt hwylc.—2) w. gen. and depend. clause: nt h þra gda, þæt h m on-gan sla, 682.

ge-witan, to know, perceive: inf. þæs þe he gewis-lcost ge-witan meahton, 1351.

be-witian. See be-weotian.

wtig, adj., wise, sagacious: nom. sg. wtig god, 686, 1057; wtig drihten (God), 1555; wittig drihten, 1842.

ge-wittig, adj., conscious: nom. sg. 3095.

ge-wtnian, w. v., to chastise, punish: wommum gewtnad (punished with plagues), 3074.

wc, st. n., dwelling, house: acc. sg. wc, 822, 2590;—often in pl. because houses of nobles were complex: dat. wcum, 1305, 1613, 3084; gen. wca, 125, 1126.

ge-wcan, st. v., to soften, give way, yield (here chiefly of swords): pret. sg. ge-wc, 2578, 2630.

wc-stede, st. m., dwelling-place: nom. sg. 2463; acc. sg. wc-stede, 2608.

wd, adj., wide, extended: 1) space: acc. sg. neut. ofer wd wæter, 2474; gen. sg. wdan rces, 1860; acc. pl. wde sðas, waroðas, 878, 1966.—2) temporal: acc. sg. wdan feorh (acc. of time), 2015; dat. sg. t wdan feore, 934.

wde, adv., widely, afar, 18, 74, 79, 266, 1404, 1589, 1960, etc.; wde cð (widely, universally, known), 2136, 2924; so, underne wde, 2914; wde geond eorðan (over the whole earth, widely), 3100;—modifier of superl.: wreccena wde mrost (the most famous of wanderers, exiles), 899.—Compar. wdre, 764.

wd-cð, adj., widely known, very celebrated: nom. sg. neut., 1257; acc. sg. m. wd-cðne man (Bowulf), 1490; wd-cðne wan, 1992; wd-cðes (Hrðgr), 1043.

wde-ferhð, st. m. n., (long life), great length of time: acc. sg. as acc. of time: wde-ferhð (down to distant times, always), 703, 938; ealne wde-ferhð, 1223.

wd-floga, w. m., wide-flier (of the dragon): nom. sg., 2831; acc. sg. wd-flogan, 2347.

wd-scofen, pret. part., wide-spread? causing fear far and wide? 937.

wd-weg, st. m., wide way, long journey: acc. pl. wd-wegas, 841, 1705.

wf, st. n., woman, lady, wife: nom. sg. fro-lc wf (Queen Wealhþow), 616; wf un-hyre (Grendel's mother), 2121; acc. sg. drihtlce wf (Finn's wife), 1159; instr. sg. mid þy wfe (Hrðgr's daughter, Frawaru), 2029; dat. sg. þm wfe (Wealhþow), 640; gen. sg. wfes (as opposed to man), 1285; gen. pl. wera and wfa, 994.—Comp.: glc-, mere-wf.

wf-lufe, w. f., wife-love, love for a wife, woman's love: nom. pl. wf-lufan, 2066.

wg, st. m.: 1) war, battle: nom. sg., 23, 1081, 2317, 2873; acc. sg., 686, 1084, 1248; dat. sg. wge, wigge, 1338, 2630, 1657, 1771; as instr., 1085; ; gen. sg. wges, 65, 887, 1269.—2) valor, warlike prowess: nom. sg. wæs his md-sefa manegum ge-cyðed, wg and wsdm, 350; wg, 1043; wg ... eafoð and ellen, 2349; gen. sg. wges, 2324.—Comp. fðe-wg.

wiga, w. m., warrior, fighter: nom. sg., 630; dat. pl. wigum, 2396; gen. pl. wigena, 1544, 1560, 3116.—Comp.: æsc-, byrn-, gr-, gð-, lind-, rand-, scyld-wiga.

wgan, st. v., to fight: pres. sg. III. wgeð, 600; inf., 2510.

wgend, pres. part., fighter, warrior: nom. sg., 3100; nom. pl. wgend, 1126, 1815, 3145; acc. pl. wgend, 3025; gen. pl. wgendra, 429, 900, 1973, 2338.—Comp. grwgend.

wg-bealu, st. n., war-bale, evil contest: acc. sg., 2047.

wg-bil, st. n., war-bill, battle-sword: nom. sg., 1608.

wg-bord, st. n., war-board or shield: acc. sg., 2340.

wg-cræft, st. m., war-power: acc. sg., 2954.

wg-cræftig, adj., vigorous in fight, strong in war: acc. sg. wg-cræftigne (of the sword Hrunting), 1812.

wg-freca, w. m., war-wolf, war-hero: acc. sg. wg-frecan, 2497; nom. pl. wg-frecan, 1213.

wg-fruma, w. m., war-chief or king: nom. sg., 665; acc. sg. wg-fruman, 2262.

wg-geatwe, st. f. pl., war-ornaments, war-gear: dat. pl. on wg-geatwum (-getawum, MS.), 368.

wg-ge-weorðad, pret. part., war-honored, distinguished in war, 1784? See Note.

wg-gryre, st. m., war-horror or terror: nom. sg., 1285.

wg-hete, st. m., war-hate, hostility: nom. sg., 2121.

wg-heafola, w. m., war head-piece, helmet: acc. sg. wg-heafolan, 2662.—Leo.

wg-hap, st. m., war-band: nom sg., 447.

wg-hryre, st. m., war-ruin, slaughter, carnage: acc. sg., 1620.

wg-sigor, st. m., war-victory: acc. sg., 1555.

wg-sped, st. f.?, war-speed, success in war: gen. pl. wg-spda, 698.

wg-weorðung, st. f., idol-worship, idolatry, sacrifice to idols: acc. pl. -weorðunga, 176.

wn, st. n., wine: acc. sg., 1163, 1234; instr. wne, 1468.

wr, st. n., wire, spiral ornament of wire: instr. pl. wrum, 1032; gen. pl. wra, 2414.

ws, adj., wise, experienced, discreet: nom. sg. m. ws (in his mind, conscious), 3095; f. ws, 1928; in w. form, se wsa, 1401, 1699, 2330; acc. sg. þone wsan, 1319; gen. pl. wsra, 1414; w. gen. nom. sg. ws wordcwida (wise of speech), 1846.

wsa, w. m., guide, leader: nom. sg. werodes wsa, 259.—Comp.: brim-, here-, hilde-wsa.

wscte. See wyscan.

ws-dm, st. m., wisdom, experience: nom. sg., 350; instr. sg. ws-dme, 1960.

wse, w. f., fashion, wise, custom: acc. sg. (instr.) ealde wsan (after ancient custom), 1866.

ws-fæst, adj., wise, sagacious (sapienti firmus): nom. sg. f., 627.

ws-hycgende, pres. part. wise-thinking, wise, 2717.

wsian, w. v., to guide or lead to, direct, point out: 1) w. acc.: inf. han wong wsian, 2410; pret. sg. secg wsade land-gemyrcu, 208.—2) w. dat.: pres. sg. I. ic ow wsige (I shall guide you), 292, 3104; pret. sg. s þm heaðo-rincum hider wsade, 370; sna him sele-þegn ... forð wsade (the hall-thane led him thither forthwith, i.e. to his couch), 1796; stg wsode gumum æt-gædere, 320; so, 1664.—3) w. prep.?: pret. sg. þ secg wsode under Heorotes hrf (when the warrior showed them the way under Heorot's roof, [but under H.'s hrf depends rather on snyredon ætsomne]), 402.

wtan, st. v., properly to look at; to look at with censure, to blame, reproach, accuse, w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing: inf. for-þm m wtan ne þearf waldend fra morðor-bealo mga, 2742.

æt-wtan, to blame, censure (cf. 'twit), w. acc. of thing: pret. pl. æt-witon wana dl, 1151.

ge-wtan, properly spectare aliquo; to go (most general verb of motion): 1) with inf. after verbs of motion: pret. sg. þanon eft ge-wt ... t hm faran, 123; so, 2570; pl. þanon eft gewiton ... marum rdan, 854. Sometimes with reflex, dat.: pres. sg. him þ Scyld ge-wt ... fran on fran wre, 26; gewt him ... rdan, 234; so, 1964; pl. ge-witon, 301.—2) associated with general infinitives of motion and aim: imper. pl. ge-wtað forð beran wpen and gewdu, 291; pret. sg. ge-wt þ nosian han hses, 115; h þ fg ge-wt ... man-dram flon, 1264; nyðer eft gewt dennes nosian, 3045; so, 1275, 2402, 2820. So, with reflex, dat.: him eft gewt ... hmes nosan, 2388; so, 2950; pl. ge-witon, 1126.—3) without inf. and with prep, or adv.: pres. sg. III. þr firgen-stram under næssa genipu niðer ge-wteð, 1361; ge-wteð on sealman, 2461; inf. on fldes ht feor ge-wtan, 42; pret. sg. ge-wt, 217; him ge-wt, 1237, 1904; of lfe, ealdre ge-wt (died), 2472, 2625; fyrst forð ge-wt (time went on), 210; him ge-wt t of healle, 663; ge-wt him hm, 1602; pret. part. dat. sg. m forð-ge-witenum (me defuncto, I dead), 1480.

oð-wtan, to blame, censure, reproach: inf. ne þorfte him þ lan oð-wtan mon on middan-gearde, 2997.

wlanc, wlonc, adj., proud, exulting: nom. sg. wlanc, 341; w. instr. se wlanc (proud of, exulting in, her prey, meal), 1333; wlonc, 331; w. gen. mðm-hta wlonc (proud of the treasures), 2834; gen. sg. wlonces, 2954.—Comp. gold-wlanc.

wltian, w. v., to look or gaze out, forth: pret. sg. s þe r ... feor wltode, 1917.

wlenco, st. f., pride, heroism: dat. sg. wlenco, 338, 1207; wlence, 508.

wlite, st. m. form, noble form, look, beauty: nom. sg., 250.

wlite-beorht, adj., beauteous, brilliant in aspect: acc. sg. wlite-beorhtne wang, 93.

wlite-son, st. n. f., sight, spectacle: acc. sg., 1651.

wlitig, adj., beautiful, glorious, fair in form: acc. sg. wlitig (sweord), 1663.

wltan, st. v., to see, look, gaze: pret. sg. h æfter recede wlt (looked along the hall), 1573; pret. pl. on holm wliton (looked on the sea), 1593; wlitan on Wglf, 2853.

geond-wltan, w. acc., to examine, look through, scan: inf. wrte giond-wltan, 2772.

wh-bogen, pret. part., (bent crooked), crooked, twisted: nom. sg. wyrm wh-bogen, 2828.

wolcen, st. n. m., cloud (cf. welkin): dat. pl. under wolcnum (under the clouds, on earth), 8, 652, 715, 1771; t wolcnum, 1120, 1375.

wollen-tar, adj., tear-flowing, with flowing tears: nom. pl. wollen-tare, 3033.

wom. See wam.

won. See wan.

worc. See weorc.

word, st. n.: 1) word, speech: nom. sg., 2818; acc. sg. þæt word, 655, 2047; word, 315, 341, 390, 871, 2552; instr. sg. worde, 2157; gen. sg. wordes, 2792; nom. pl. þ word, 640; word, 613; acc. pl. word (of an alliterative song), 871; instr. pl, wordum, 176, 366, 627, 875, 1101, 1173, 1194, 1319, 1812, etc.; ge-saga him wordum (tell them in words, expressly), 388. The instr. wordum accompanies biddan, þancian, be-wægnan, secgan, hrgan, to emphasize the verb, 176, 627, 1194, 2796, 3177; gen. pl. worda, 289, 398, 2247, 2263(?), 3031.—2) command, order: gen. sg. his wordes geweald habban (to rule, reign), 79; so, instr. pl. wordum wold, 30.—Comp.: bot-, gylp-, meðel-, þryð-word.

word-cwide, st. m., (word-utterance), speech: acc. pl. word-cwydas, 1842; dat. pl. word-cwydum, 2754; gen. pl. word-cwida, 1846.

word-gid, st. m, speech, saying: acc. sg. word-gyd, 3174.

word-hord, st. n., word-hoard, treasury of speech, mouth: acc. sg. word-hord on-lac (unlocked his word-hoard, opened his mouth, spoke), 259.

word-riht, st. n., right speech, suitable word: gen. pl. Wglf maðelode word-rihta fela, 2632.

worð-mynd. See weorð-mynd.

worðig (for weorðig), st. m., palace, estate, court: acc. sg. on worðig (into the palace), 1973.

worn, st. n., multitude, number: acc. sg. worn eall (very many), 3095; wintra worn (many years), 264; þonne h wintrum frd worn ge-munde (when he old in years thought of their number), 2115. Used with fela to strengthen the meaning: nom. acc. sg. worn fela, 1784; hwæt þ worn fela ... sprce (how very much thou hast spoken!), 530; so, eal-fela eald-gesegena worn, 871; gen. pl. worna fela, 2004, 2543.

woruld, worold, st. f., humanity, world, earth: nom. sg. eal worold, 1739; acc. sg. in worold (wacan) (to be born, come into the world), 60; worold ofltan, of-gifan (die), 1184, 1682; gen. sg. worolde, 951, 1081, 1388, 1733; worulde, 2344; his worulde ge-dl (his separation from the world, death), 3069; worolde brcan (to enjoy life, live), 1063; worlde, 2712.

worold-r, st. f., worldly honor or dignity: acc. sg. worold-re, 17.

woruld-candel, st. f., world-candle, sun: nom. sg., 1966.

worold-cyning, st. m., world king, mighty king: nom. sg., 3182; gen. pl. worold-cyninga, 1685.

woruld-ende, st. m., world's end: acc. sg., 3084.

worold-rden, st. f., usual course, fate of the world, customary fate: dat. sg. worold-rdenne, 1143?

wp, st. m., (whoop), cry of grief, lament: nom. sg., 128; acc. sg. wp, 786; instr. sg. wpe, 3147.

wracu, st. f., persecution, vengeance, revenge: nom. sg. wracu (MS, uncertain), 2614; acc. sg. wræce, 2337.—Comp.: gyrn-, nyd-wracu.

wraðu, st. f., protection, safety: in comp. lf-wraðu.

wrð, adj., wroth, furious, hostile: acc. sg. neut. wrð, 319; dat. sg. wrðum, 661, 709; gen. pl. wrðra, 1620.

wrðe, adv., contemptibly, disgracefully, 2873.

wrð-lce, adv., wrathfully, hostilely (in battle), 3063.

wrsn, st. f., circlet of gold for the head, diadem, crown: in comp. fra-wrsn.

wræc-lst, st. m., exile-step, exile, banishment: acc. sg. wræc-lstas træd (trod exile-steps, wandered in exile), 1353.

wræc-mæcg, st. m., exile, outcast: nom. pl. wræc-mæcgas, 2380.

wræc-sð, st. m., exile-journey, banishment, exile, persecution: acc. sg., 2293; dat. sg. -sðum, 338.

wrt, st. f., ornament, jewel: acc. pl. wrte (wrce, MS.), 2772, 3061; instr. pl. wrttum, 1532; gen. pl. wrtta, 2414.

wrt-lc, adj.: 1) artistic, ornamental; valuable: acc. sg. wrt-lcne wundur-mððum, 2174; wrt-lc wg-sweord, 1490; wg-bord wrt-lc, 2340.—2) wondrous, strange: acc. sg. wrt-lcne wyrm [from its rings or spots?], 892; wlite-son wrt-lc, 1651.

wrc, st. f., persecution; hence, wretchedness, misery: nom. sg., 170; acc. sg. wrc, 3079.

wrecan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) to press, force: pret. part. þr wæs Ongenþo ... on bd wrecen, 2963.—2) to drive out, expel: pret. sg. ferh ellen wræc, 2707.—3) to wreak or utter: gid, spel wrecan (to utter words or songs); subj. pres. sg. III. h gyd wrece, 2447; inf. wrecan spel ge-rde, 874; word-gyd wrecan, 3174; pret. sg. gyd æfter wræc, 2155; pres. part. þr wæs ... gid wrecen, 1066.—4) to avenge, punish: subj. pres. þæt h his frond wrece, 1386; inf. wolde hire mg wrecan, 1340; so, 1279, 1547; pres. part. wrecend (an avenger), 1257; pret. sg. wræc Wedera nð, 423; so, 1334, 1670.

-wrecan, to tell, recount: pret. sg. ic þis gid be þ -wræc (I have told this tale for thee), 1725; so, 2109.

for-wrecan, w. acc., to drive away, expel; carry away: inf. þy ls him yða þrym wudu wyn-suman for-wrecan meahte (lest the force of the waves might carry away the winsome ship), 1920; pret. sg. h hine feor for-wræc ... man-cynne fram, 109.

ge-wrecan, w. acc., to avenge, wreak vengeance upon, punish: pret. sg. ge-wræc, 107, 2006; h ge-wræc (i.e. hit, this) cealdum cear-sðum, 2396; h hine sylfne ge-wræc (avenged himself), 2876; pl. ge-wrcan, 2480; pret. part. ge-wrecen, 3063.

wrecca, w. m., (wretch), exile, adventurer, wandering soldier, hero: nom. sg. wrecca (Hengest), 1138; gen. pl. wreccena wde mrost (Sigemund), 899.

wreoðen-hilt, adj., wreathen-hilted, with twisted hilt: nom. sg., 1699.

wridian, w. v., to flourish, spring up: pret. sg. III. wridað, 1742.

wriða, w. m., band: in comp. bag-wriða (bracelet), 2019.

wrixl, st. n., exchange, change: instr. sg. wyrsan wrixle (in a worse way, with a worse exchange), 2970.

ge-wrixle, st. n., exchange, arrangement, bargain: nom. sg. ne wæs þæt ge-wrixle til (it was not a good arrangement, trade), 1305.

wrixlan, w. v., to exchange: inf. wordum wrixlan (to exchange words, converse), 366; 875 (tell).

wrðan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) to bind, fasten, wreathe together: inf. ic hine (him, MS.) ... on wæl-bedde wrðan þhte, 965.—2) to bind up (a wounded person, a wound): pret. pl. þ wron monige þ his mg wriðon, 2983. See hand-gewriðen.

wrtan, st. v., to incise, engrave: pret. part. on þm (hilte) wæs r writen fyrn-gewinnes (on which was engraved the origin of an ancient struggle), 1689.