 |
248 129.
249 132.
250 Z. A., iii., p. 78.
251 153.
M321 The punishment of incest
252 154.
253 155.
254 156.
255 157.
256 158.
M322 The sources of information M323 The marriage-contract and its obligations
257 128.
258 157.
M324 Family relations M325 Ancient gentes M326 Guilds of working-men M327 Their rivals M328 Public registration of family events
259 Nbn. 69.
260 Z. A., iii., p. 87 f.
M329 Entailed family property M330 Responsibilities of family to its individual members
261 B2 419.
M331 Amount of the bride-price
262 S. 34.
263 139.
M332 Its disposal M333 Its presentation
264 V. R., 24, 48.
265 160.
266 161.
M334 Penalty for breach of promise
267 156.
M335 Preliminaries of marriage
268 Nergl. 1.
269 Nbn. 243.
M336 Negotiation of a father for his son
270 Nbk. 101.
M337 Negotiation with a mother for her daughter
271 Cyr. 183, B. A. S., iv., p. 7.
M338 Role of the contracting parties M339 Giving away the bride
272 See pages 162, 163.
273 B. A. S., iv., pp. 14-22.
M340 Widows free to dispose of themselves M341 Consent of bridegroom's father or guardian requisite for a legal marriage
274 155, 156.
275 Cyr. 312.
M342 The court of registration
276 Cyr. 307.
M343 The bride's dowry
277 Nbk. 101.
M344 Her marriage-portion
278 Page 163.
M345 Her trousseau
279 182.
280 178.
281 180.
282 B1 10.
283 162, 163.
M346 Nature of the marriage-portion
284 B1 19, B1 163.
285 K. B., v., pp. 390-404.
M347 Later usage
286 K. B., iv., pp. 78 ff.
287 Camb. 193.
288 Nergl. 25.
289 Page 69.
290 B. A. S., iv., p. 13 f.
M348 Payment of the marriage-portion
291 B. V., 19, 100, 122.
292 Cyr. 143, Camb. 23.
M349 Wife's pin-money
293 171.
294 172.
M350 The period of betrothal
295 130.
M351 The wedding-ceremony
296 Pages 35 ff.
M352 The first home
297 156.
M353 Monogamy prevalent in early days
298 167.
M354 Polygamy in later times
299 See on these points Assyrian Deeds and Documents, iii., p. 385 f.; Assyrian Doomsday Book, p. 25 f.
300 Camb. 193.
301 Nbk. 101.
M355 Concubinage
302 137.
303 137.
304 183.
305 184.
M356 The maid as the wife of her master M357 Marriages and inheritance among slaves
306 176.
M358 Data from the contracts
307 M. A. P., 88.
M359 Fatherless girls
308 B1 617.
309 M. A. P., 92.
310 M. A. P., 90.
311 M. A. P., 90.
M360 The marriage of votaries
312 B2 366.
M361 Power of agnates M362 Marriage of a king's daughter
313 B2 394.
314 B1 193.
M363 Marriage of two sisters to one man
315 A. P., 89.
316 J. R. A. S. 97, pp. 407 ff.
317 B. A. L., p. 27 f.
318 B1 21 and B2 2176 A.
319 146.
M364 Marriage with attached conditions
320 B2 407.
321 B2 707.
M365 Early regulations regarding divorce
322 Law VI.
M366 Rights of a divorced wife
323 137.
M367 Grounds of divorce
324 138.
325 139, 140.
M368 Protection of the wife's rights
326 142.
327 143.
328 141.
329 149.
330 150.
M369 Illustrations from the contracts
331 136-40.
332 M. A. P., 91.
333 M. A. P., 90.
334 138.
335 142.
M370 Involuntary desertion
336 133.
337 134.
338 135.
M371 Voluntary desertion
339 136.
340 B1 2474.
M372 The authority of the widow in the home
341 172.
342 173.
M373 Rights of inheritance
343 171.
344 172.
M374 Later usages
345 Camb. 273.
M375 Remarriage of a widow
346 172.
347 173.
348 174.
M376 Disposal of her first husband's property
349 177.
350 177.
M377 Absoluteness of the paternal power over the family
351 117.
352 7.
353 M. A. P., p. 11.
M378 His power of preference
354 165.
M379 His control of his daughters
355 178.
356 179.
357 183.
358 Page 127.
359 166.
M380 The age of majority M381 Punishment of unfilial conduct
360 195.
M382 Disinheritance
361 168.
M383 Relations of mothers and sons
362 M. A. P., p. 15.
M384 Duties to adoptive parents
363 192, 193.
M385 Number and importance of scribes
364 Page 84.
M386 Sumerian words and expressions in the legal literature M387 Schools
365 P. S. B. A., xviii., pp. 250-56; xxiii., pp. 188-210.
M388 Apprenticeship M389 Naming of children
366 Nbd. 832, Nbk. 67.
367 Nbk. 100.
368 D. S., p. 24, note.
M390 Rearing of babies
369 II. R. 9, 28 cd. ff.
370 194.
M391 Number of children who could read and write
371 II. R. 9, 66 cd.
372 Page 82.
M392 Frequency and reasons for adoption M393 Children who might be adopted
373 B1 54.
374 II. R. 9, 28 cd. ff.
375 M. A. P., p. 15.
M394 The method of procedure
376 199.
377 188.
M395 Adoption pure and simple
378 185 ff.
379 M. A. P., 95.
380 M. A. P., 98.
381 M. A. P., 97.
M396 Consent of other members of the family involved
382 M. A. P., 94.
M397 Disinheritance of a son
383 168.
384 M. A. P., 93.
385 168.
386 M. A. P., 98.
M398 Form of adoption M399 Phrases which express the idea M400 Settlements which assume adoption
387 B2 565.
M401 Precautions against suits
388 B1 368.
M402 Duties of adopted child to parents' support M403 Service
389 B2 375.
390 B3 2484.
391 B2 609.
392 B1 2489.
M404 Punishment for neglect of these duties
393 168.
394 B2 360.
M405 Care of aged parents
395 B2 2460.
M406 Inheritance rights
396 B2 2179.
M407 The division of an inheritance M408 Usage as illustrated by the contracts
397 M. A. P., 105.
398 M. A. P., 106.
399 M. A. P., 107.
400 M. A. P., 109.
401 116.
402 B1 33.
403 B1 12.
404 B1 14.
M409 Division of property between three brothers
405 B1 60.
406 B1 31 = M. A. P., 103.
407 B1 46 = M. A. P., 104.
408 M. A. P., p. 145.
M410 The great difficulty of interpreting details in testamentary documents M411 Disinheritance in the Sumerian laws
409 See page 39.
M412 In the Code of Hammurabi
410 168, 169.
M413 In the case of adopted children
411 191.
M414 The slave a chattel M415 Rights of a slave M416 Complexity of the evidence regarding slavery M417 Its very early existence
412 D. E. P., ii., p. 25.
413 Chapter XXII.
414 6.
415 15.
416 16.
417 17.
418 19.
419 20.
420 16.
421 119.
422 175.
423 218, 223.
424 99.
425 Cf. 251.
426 280.
M418 Sale of slaves M419 Diseases regarded as just cause for a repudiation of the contract to buy a slave
427 K. B., vi., p. 389.
M420 Legal defects M421 Assyrian usages regarding slaves M422 Right of a slave to the enjoyment of his property and family M423 The serfs M424 Advantages of slavery M425 Liability for forced labor
428 See Assyrian Doomsday Book, p. 24.
M426 Opportunity to acquire skill as artisans M427 The slave an independent asset M428 The later disappearance of the serf M429 Slave sales M430 Guarantees exacted in such deeds: M431 Against rebellions (?)
429 K. B., ii., p. 282.
430 Cyr. 310, Nbk. 201.
M432 Against flight M433 Against untimely death
431 Z. A., iii., p. 86.
M434 Against unexpected claims
432 Cyr. 146.
M435 Against over-exaction in the public service
433 Cyr. 146; Camb. 15.
M436 Against redemption as men of family M437 Against illegal enslavement
434 Dar. 212.
M438 The branding or tattooing of slaves
435 103.
436 M. A. P., 95.
M439 The other ways of indicating servitude
437 226.
438 K. B., vi., p. 377.
439 K. 3787 K. B., iv., p. 166 f.
440 Camb. 291.
441 De serv., p. 20.
442 P. S. B. A. 83, p. 104.
443 P. S. B. A. 84, p. 102.
M440 Significance of slave-names
444 Nbk. 70.
445 Nbk. 625.
446 Nbk. 311.
M441 Foreign-born slaves
447 Camb. 334.
448 Nbd. 697.
449 Z. A., iii., 135.
M442 Various methods of making slaves M443 A slave's right to hold and use property
450 A. B. R., i., pp. 1 ff.
M444 A slave's evidence not good against a free man
451 Nbn., 738.
M445 A slave's value proportioned to his producing power
452 Nbn. 573.
M446 The history of the slave Bariki-ilu
453 Z. A., iii., p. 87.
454 Nbk. 408.
M447 A runaway slave not always returnable M448 Apprenticing slaves to a trade
455 Cyr. 64.
456 Cyr. 248.
457 Cyr. 325.
458 Cyr. 313.
M449 Fee paid by service M450 Relative proportion of slaves to free men
459 S. 10.
460 A. D. D., No. 424.
M451 Price of a slave
461 M. A. P., p. 7.
462 252.
M452 Distinction between real and personal property
463 191.
464 Page 188.
M453 Entailed property
465 Page 122.
M454 Natural features of Babylonia in their influence on property rights M455 Primitive land tenure M456 Ownership of cultivated land M457 Theoretical ownership of the land by the local deity
466 Z. A., iii., 369.
M458 Private ownership absolute in historical periods M459 Right to retain ancestral estates
467 M. A. P., 42.
468 A. D. D., 600.
M460 Different kinds of real property M461 Terms used in descriptions of real property M462 Systems of land measures: (1) computation by area
469 Cf. also Appendix.
M463 (2) Computation by an average yield M464 Descriptions and plans of plots of land M465 Boundary-stones M466 Inviolability of landmarks M467 Encroaching on the highway
470 Melishihu.
471 Merodoch-baladan I.
472 Marduk-nadin-ahi.
473 I. R. 7, 12 ff.
M468 The king's power over land
474 D. E. P., ii., 91.
475 Scheil, Memoires de la Delegation en Perse, Tome II.
M469 Recognition of private rights of possession
476 I. R. 36, 40-42.
477 Like Araunah the Jebusite.
478 A. D. D., No. 809.
M470 Royal grants to temples and favorites
479 Scheil, Memoires de la Delegation en Perse, Tome II.
480 Idem.
481 Scheil, Memoires de la Delegation en Perse, Tome II., p. 95.
482 Idem, p. 97.
483 Idem, pp. 99 ff.
484 Idem, p. 112.
485 C. T., ix., No. 92987.
486 C. T., ix., No. 90922.
487 K. B., iv., pp. 57 ff.
488 K. B., iv., pp. 60 ff.
489 K. B., iv., pp. 68 ff.
490 A. D. D., Nos. 651-56.
491 A. D. D., Nos. 658, 659.
492 A. D. D., Nos. 646-48.
493 A. D. D., Nos. 649, 650.
M471 Restoration of ancestral estates
494 K. B., iii., pp. 154 ff.
495 K. B., iv., p. 64.
M472 Granting of especial privileges
496 K. B., iii., pp. 164 ff.
497 K. B., iv., pp. 90 ff.
M473 Temple endowments
498 K. B., iii., pp. 174 ff.
M474 An illustration
499 Vol. xxiii., pp. 19 ff.
M475 The metayer system M476 Illustrations from the Code
500 253.
501 B2 509.
M477 From the Assyrian period
502 A. D. D., p. 21.
M478 From the Persian period
503 Cyr. 26.
504 Hilprecht, B. E. P., ix., p. 40.
M479 The system of shares
505 46, 64.
506 M. A. P., 76, B2 460.
M480 Duties of tenants
507 M. A. P., p. 12, note 3, p. 143, No. 77.
508 42.
M481 Fixed rental M482 Improving lease
509 44.
510 60.
M483 Manorial obligations M484 Their basis in the obligation of fair maintenance
511 53.
512 K. L. H., p. xxxvii.
513 Ib., p. 16.
514 C. T., IX., No. 92987.
M485 The levy
515 16.
M486 Forced labor
516 A. D. D., ii., p. 172.
M487 Exemption of certain cities
517 A. O. F., i., p. 404.
518 H. A. B. L., p. 89.
519 A. D. D., ii., p. 174 f.
520 C. T., xv., 50.
M488 Classes subject to the levy
521 A. O. F., i., p. 404 f.
M489 Service at the royal weaving establishments
522 Rev. Ass., III., p. 140.
523 A. D. D., 951 ff.
524 B. A. S., i., pp. 492-536, 632-36.
M490 Obligations of slave to the state M491 Public obligations M492 To take a share in the expense of warfare
525 Dar. 164.
526 Dar. 156.
527 Dar. 481.
528 Dar. 253.
529 Camb. 276.
M493 To pay dues for the land
530 35.
531 D. E. P., II.
M494 The temple tithe M495 In Assyria
532 A. D. D., 236.
M496 Common among Neo-Babylonians
533 Nbn. 2.
534 Sayce.
535 Nbd. 270.
M497 Often paid collectively
536 Nbk. 220.
537 B. E. P., ix., p. 36.
M498 Usually in kind M499 Octroi duties M500 The great importance of the temple M501 Varieties and origin of temple dues
538 A. D. D., 998-1092.
M502 The temples as owners of rented land
539 Nbd. 428, 439.
540 Page 196.
M503 Their income from private sources M504 Share of the temple in the sacrifices
541 A. D. D., Nos. 998-1013, etc.
542 Haupt, Journal of Biblical Literature, xix., p. 60.
M505 Sometimes sold for cash
543 Nbk. 213 with Nbk. 396.
M506 The temple as a business institution M507 The temple as a place of deposit and traffic M508 The temple staff M509 The priestly influence over the king M510 Their influence on the whole predominantly ethical M511 Honors paid to priesthood M512 Additional duties
544 Camb. 19.
M513 Their college M514 Their exact functions uncertain
545 Professor H. Zimmern has made a splendid beginning in his Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Babylonischen Religion by determining the functions of the baru, the asipu, and the zammaru. He calls them all "priests." But he does not show that either was a sangu. It may really be so, but why confuse what the Babylonians kept distinct?
M515 The warden
546 Cyr. 292.
M516 The steward M517 The workmen
547 Cyr. 352.
M518 Similarity of the temple to the monastic system
548 Page 76.
549 Nbd. 773.
M519 Hereditary rights M520 Origin of clan names M521 Proprietary rights to share in temple incomes M522 These rights negotiable
550 M. A. P., 41.
551 B2 2175 A.
552 P. A. S., II., 8.
553 P. A. S., II., 23.
M523 Other endowments of office M524 Also the great offices at court M525 These rights maintained by inheritance M526 The relation to the state M527 The loaning of money
554 A. D. D., No. 930.
M528 Forced loans M529 The temple a trading institution M530 Alienation of property M531 Importance of the fact of ownership M532 Peculiar forms of assignments M533 Restrictions on free gifts M534 The conditions of any gift M535 Establishment of a daughter who became a votary M536 Rights in a gift made by a votary
555 M. A. P., 7.
M537 Gifts made by a father to a daughter
556 B1 675.
557 B1 39.
558 M. A. P., 6.
559 B2 324.
M538 Pin-money for a wife
560 B2 2504.
M539 Consent of heirs to the disposal of property
561 B2 544.
562 B2 729.
M540 Donation in Assyria
563 A. D. D., No. 619.
M541 In the Second Babylonian Empire
564 Nbd. 65.
565 Nbd. 1098.
566 Nbd. 334.
567 Nbd. 368.
568 Nbd. 113.
569 Nbd. 258.
570 Nbd. 348.
M542 An example
571 Nbk. 109.
M543 Dedications
572 180 f.
573 B2 704.
M544 To the chief priest of a temple M545 Of children to Shamash
574 B3 2183.
575 B2 349.
M546 To secure divine favor
576 A. D. D., 640.
577 A. D. D., 641.
578 A. D. D., 643.
M547 Testaments or bequests
579 178.
M548 Later Babylonian examples
580 Cyr. 277.
581 A. B. R., ii., 20 f.
M549 Their importance M550 The formal preliminaries M551 The registration of titles M552 The method of identifying the property transferred and the parties concerned M553 Means of protecting the buyer from fraud M554 The legal verbiage
582 M. A. P., p. 37.
M555 A specimen deed of sale M556 The body of the document in Sumerian M557 Later deeds often in Semitic only M558 The specifications of the deeds the items of permanent interest M559 The earnest money M560 Common in later Babylonian deeds
583 D. E. P., ii., p. 1-f.
584 See p. 236.
585 M. A. P., p. 96.
586 B. 320.
587 K. B., IV., p. 298 f.
588 B. V., p. 168.
589 K. A. S., p. 48.
M561 The notary's fee
590 A. D. D., pp. 35 ff.
591 A. D. D., No. 173.
592 A. D. D., No. 176.
M562 Assyrian deeds of greater length M563 Various interests regarded as having claims which must be distinctly met M564 Occasional use of the oath of confirmation M565 Penalties for the failure to carry out a contract M566 Rights of the purchaser
593 For details see A. D. D., iii., pp. 288-368.
M567 Late tablets include the details of bargaining M568 Deferred payments
594 Page 104.
595 Nbd. 807.
596 Camb. 114.
597 Nbk. 103.
M569 Return of purchase on failure to pay
598 Camb. 165.
M570 Retention of purchase without settlement
599 Nbk. 103.
M571 Fraud
600 L. 19.
M572 The records of sales found at an early date
601 Col. 8, l. 5.
M573 Their varied information M574 Method of legally describing real estate M575 Importance of these boundary inscriptions M576 Many of the details puzzling M577 Plots often, but not invariably rectangular M578 Plans of houses
602 One such plan is published by King (L. H., ii., p. 242) and discussed by him later (L. H., iii., p. 255 f.). There are many others in our museums, several of which have been published (Receuil de Travaux, xvii., pp. 33 ff.; Saison de fouilles a Sippar, pp. 125, 126, 128). The plans of the buildings excavated at Khorsabad form our most perfect specimen of an Assyrian city and palace. Besides the original sketches and plans in Botta's Nineve, excellent studies of them will be found in Perrot and Chipiez, Assyrian and Babylonian Art. There are also many plans of the early cities and palaces in De Sarzec's Decouvertes en Chaldee; also, Receuil de Travaux and Revue d'Assyriologie passim.
M579 Description of houses in the contracts of sale
603 Good examples of deeds of sale of this class of real property will be found in Dr. Meissner's A. P., pp. 31-35. The principal terms used in such conveyances are well discussed and for the most part correctly explained in his commentary (pp. 119-23). In all these cases we have the phrase, bitu epsu. Dr. Meissner also regards as "houses" the plots of land called E KI-GAL and E KISLAH; they are, however, mentioned later with some other plots of land where E denotes a "plot," not necessarily a "house."
604 Page 244.
605 K. 1297.
M580 The streets mentioned as boundaries M581 A deed of the First Babylonian Dynasty
606 B2 476.
M582 Its interesting historical information
607 B2 476.
608 B2 332.
609 B2 1058.
610 B2 331.
611 B2 2192.
M583 Mention of the business agent
612 B2 2190.
M584 Mention of the price of a house M585 An Assyrian deed for sale of a house
613 K. B., iv. p. 170 f.
M586 Various parts of the house
614 266.
615 H. W. B.
616 A. D. D., 320.
617 A. D. D., Nos. 325-40.
618 A. D. D., Nos. 341, 342.
619 A. D. D., Nos. 326-34.
620 A. D. D., Nos. 326-32.
621 A. D. D., Nos. 340-49.
622 A. D. D., Nos. 329-40.
M587 The burial-vault
623 A. D. D., No. 646.
624 A. D. D., No. 340.
M588 Block houses in Nineveh M589 Size not mentioned
625 A. D. D., No. 349.
626 A. D. D., No. 345.
M590 The usual cost M591 Side buildings
627 M. A. P., 25.
M592 Unimproved land
628 44.
629 B2 377.
630 B2 446.
M593 Granaries
631 113.
632 S. 67.
633 B2 2192.
634 B2 2518.
M594 The term bitu means not only "house," but "field"
635 A plot of land or house called E burbalum is sold (B1 280, B2 838, B2 2462), but there is no information given as to its special nature; so also a bit kidim (B2 2444a), but there is no means of deciding what it was. A term applied to land which may be read kirubu is perhaps to be taken as "arable land" (M. A. P., p. 122). But the occurrences are not sufficient to fix the meaning clearly. It was bounded by a house and the street.
636 A. D. D., Nos. 350-58.
M595 Sales of gardens M596 These sales less frequent in Assyrian times
637 A. D. D., No. 362.
638 Z. A., vi., pp. 291 ff.
M597 Sales of fields: in First Dynasty of Babylon
639 B1 43.
640 B2 330.
641 B1 194.
M598 In Assyrian times
642 A. D. D., Nos. 359-413.
M599 Great estates M600 Plans of estates
643 This plan is published in Decouvertes en Chaldee, plate 15 ff.
644 Published best in Rev. Ass., iv., p. 13 f.
645 Much earlier plans will be found, pp. 21 ff. They are ascribed to the age of Sargon I. and Naram-Sin. A plan, or rather map, of Babylon was also published by Dr. Peiser. [Z. A., iv., 361 ff.] This is rather geographical than cadastral, and, perhaps, mythical, since it refers to the king Shamash-napishtim-usur, who may be the Shamash-napishtim of the flood story.
A number of other plans are given, or referred to, by Father Scheil in Rec. des Trav., xvii., 1 and 2, pp. 33 ff. A good many more appear in Une Saison de fouilles a Sippar. There are many others in the great museums and in private hands. For conclusions regarding linear and square measures, cf. Appendix III.
M601 Records of loans of an early period M602 Their value for chronology
646 E. B. H., pp. 254 ff., etc.
M603 Second Epoch. Repayments in kind or its stated equivalent M604 Promissory notes M605 Temporary loans at harvest-time
647 B3 2524.
648 M. A. P., 15.
649 B2 2519.
650 M. A. P., 19.
M606 Loans for the payment of taxes
651 B1 218.
652 Kanik musaddinim utbalunimma kaniksu illiku, B2 754.
M607 The temple as places of temporary loans
653 M. A. P., 8, 9.
M608 Current coin
654 B1 218.
M609 Loans of corn
655 B2 771.
656 B1 642.
657 B1 655.
658 M. A. P., 24.
659 B2 1182, S. 76.
M610 Other loans of produce
660 B2 869.
M611 Record of a loan M612 Loans or allowances in series
661 B2 687.
M613 Formal advances of working materials
662 B2 684.
663 B2 701.
M614 Assyrian loans ana puhi M615 Usual rate of interest M616 For the use of corn M617 The coinage
664 A. D. D., No. 1.
M618 Loans on property often mere advances of material
665 A. D. D., No. 115.
M619 Property on approval
666 A. D. D., No. 117.
667 A. D. D., Nos. 118, 119.
M620 A loan of wine
668 A. D. D., No. 124.
669 A. D. D., No. 127.
M621 Of oil M622 Of corn
670 A. D. D., No. 128.
M623 The peculiar shape of the tablets recording loans of corn M624 These loans made by the king M625 Often made just before harvest M626 Sometimes at seed-time
671 P. 256.
M627 Receipts for payment of a loan of money
672 A. D. D., No. 155.
673 A. D. D., No. 134.
M628 Of a loan of corn
674 A. D. D., No. 135.
M629 Of a fine
675 A. D. D., No. 162.
M630 Explicitness of the Code regarding legal responsibility
676 7.
677 123.
678 125.
679 121.
M631 The bond destroyed on payment
680 M. A. P., p. 27.
M632 Examples of deposit rare
681 B2 1058.
682 M. A. P., p. 28.
M633 Receipts
683 S. 62, 69, 73, etc.
M634 No examples in later literature M635 Pledges given as security in early times
684 M. A. P., p. 9, and notes 1 and 2.
M636 Similarity of this custom to distraint
685 114, 115.
M637 The practice in later periods M638 Very frequent in Assyria
686 A. D. D., No. 58.
M639 A loan secured by land and seven slaves
687 A. D. D., No. 66.
M640 A loan secured by a vineyard and slaves
688 A. D. D., Nos. 73, 74.
M641 A loan secured by a field
689 A. D. D., No. 76.
M642 By the service of a maid M643 By the borrower's service
690 A. D. D., No. 152.
M644 In later Babylonian times by the free use of a house
691 Nbd. 655.
692 Ev. Mer. 24.
M645 Relations between profits and interest
693 B. V., p. 282 f.
M646 Second mortgages barred M647 The creditor's responsibility
694 Nbk. 408.
695 Dar. 294.
M648 Pledges often anticipated and readily transferable
696 Dar. 144, 235.
697 Nbn. 655.
698 Nbn. 765, 772, 832.
M649 Mortgages M650 The creditor in free use, within his needs, of pledged property M651 Possible complications M652 Method of securing the holder of a second mortgage
699 Nbk. 132, 142, 172.
700 Such is an actual case traced through its phases by Kohler and Peiser.—A. B. R.
M653 The occasion for guarantees M654 Guarantees for debt
701 Dar. 319.
702 Dar. 310.
703 A. B. R., ii., p. 73.
M655 For appearance
704 A. B. R., p. 6.
705 Cyr. 147.
706 Nbk. 342.
707 Nbk. 86.
708 Nbk. 83.
M656 For a witness's appearance
709 Nbk. 366.
710 Cyr. 119.
M657 Joint responsibility
711 Nbd. 133.
M658 Against theft
712 Dar. 93.
M659 Of full value of property sold M660 Against suits at law M661 Of the value of securities
713 Dar. 431, 434, Nerig. 39.
M662 Free labor in demand M663 Slaves or dependents secured from owners
714 B1 327.
715 B2 2425.
716 M. A. P., 57.
M664 Wages subject to adjustment
717 A. P., 10.
M665 Often paid in produce
718 S. 61.
M666 The labor duly guaranteed
719 B2 2455.
M667 Duration of service fixed M668 Living usually included
720 B2 938.
721 B2 1137.
M669 Assyrian contracts name both wages and time-limit of work
722 Page 251.
723 Nbn. 210.
724 Dar. 215.
M670 Form of house-rental
725 IV., p. 85 f.
M671 The rental variable M672 The usual conditions of tenancy
726 Y.
M673 Fields rented for a limited term M674 Usual conditions of tenancy M675 Land often taken on shares M676 Stipulations regarding improvements
727 B2 361.
M677 Varying rentals
728 B2 797.
M678 Allowances for maintenance sometimes a part of the agreement M679 Life leases rare M680 One such tablet known, but difficult to localize M681 The names of the witnesses seem to be North Semitic M682 The fitting-out of traders by capitalists a very early practice M683 The agent repaid the value of the outfit with interest M684 Legal memoranda essential as security
729 100-107.
M685 This business done mainly by caravans
730 B1 549.
M686 Speculation not unknown
731 B1 110.
M687 Caravan trade M688 These dealings frequent in later times M689 Importance of the canals for commerce
732 E. A. H., 27.
M690 Navigation laws for shipping of great number and variety
733 8.
734 234.
735 235, 236.
736 K. L. H., passim.
737 S. 160.
738 S. 244.
M691 In Assyrian tablets
739 A. D. D., No. 468.
M692 Boat hire a regular stipulation in Babylonia
740 Nbd. 401.
741 Nbd. 1019.
742 Nbd. 180.
743 Cyr. 343.
M693 The maintenance of roads
744 K. L. H., p. xxi.
M694 A regular tariff for land-transportation
745 112.
746 271.
747 272.
748 B1 564.
749 S. 572.
M695 Roads in Assyria of prime importance
750 K. B., vi., p. 106.
M696 Partnership in business common from early times M697 Origin of the word for partner M698 The usual conditions
751 M. A. P., 78.
752 M. A. P., p. 13.
M699 Always legally defined M700 The Code silent
753 B2 358.
M701 Explanation of the terminology M702 Evidence of long-established commercial customs M703 In Assyrian literature M704 In later Babylonian times such evidence common
754 Nbn. 199.
755 Nbk. 88.
M705 The many varied details
756 Nbn. 572.
757 Nbn. 653.
758 Nbn. 652.
M706 A formal dissolution of partnership
759 Nbk. 116.
M707 Reckonings
760 A. B. P., ii., 59.
761 Dar. 280.
M708 A manufacturing partnership
762 Dar. 395, 396.
M709 Power of attorney recognized and frequently used
763 7.
764 Page 243.
765 A. D. D., No. 94.
766 A. D. D., No. 152.
767 A. D. D., No. 307.
768 A. D. D., No. 151.
769 A. D. D., No. 166.
M710 Protection of the rights of the principal
770 Nbn. 132, 133; A. B. P., p. 11.
M711 Representative action
771 Ev. Mer., 13.
M712 Power of attorney over funds
772 Dar. 386.
773 A. B. P., ii., 34.
M713 Account-books M714 Those of the first epoch mainly temple accounts M715 Receipts for loans M716 Accounts of repairs or expenses M717 Records of measurements M718 The conditions of service with flock and herds
774 261-67.
775 264.
M719 Herdsmen's accounts
776 E. A. H., 14. For fuller details the reader should consult Radau's Early Babylonian History.
M720 Lists of second epoch unavailable
777 B2 447.
778 In C. T., vi., p. 24.
779 B2 448.
M721 The Assyrian lists indicate new varieties of animals
780 A. D. D., No. 732.
781 They are published by Professor R. F. Harper in his Assyrian and Babylonian Letters, passim.
782 H. A. B. L., p. 690.
783 A. D. D., No. 117.
M722 Memoranda regarding wool M723 The four kinds of wool M724 Black wool very highly valued
784 E. A. H., 50.
M725 Sheep-shearing
785 K. L. H., pp. xlvi. ff.
M726 The weaving accounts
786 These have been discussed by Dr. R. Zehnpfund, B. A. S., i., pp. 492-536. He has striven to identify the garments as far as possible; but when we recall that over eighty such garments are named in these lists, most of which are merely names, with no indication of their uses, it is clear that a translation is generally out of the question. We know something of their material and often of their color, but nothing further. It is curious that in many cases these names are the same for Assyrian and later Babylonian times.
M727 Memoranda regarding skins of animals M728 Leather
787 B2 406, 611.
788 A. D. D., No. 872.
M729 Amounts allowed for the food of animals
789 E. A. H., 152.
790 Cyr. 250; Nbd. 841.
M730 Acknowledgment of advances
791 E. A. H., 100.
M731 Stewards' accounts M732 The earliest mention of iron
792 B2 405.
M733 External form of the letters M734 Their envelope M735 Their dates M736 Another method of insuring privacy M737 Style of the opening address M738 Variations of the formula M739 References to a former correspondence M740 Elliptical phrases M741 Inscribed seals on packages
793 Heuzey, Revue d'Assyriologie, iv., pp. 1 ff.
M742 Letters of the First Dynasty of Babylon
794 Vol. II., 1897; Vol. IV., 1898; Vol. VI., 1898; Vol. VIII., 1899.
795 Briefe aus der Zeit des Babylonischen Koenigs Hammurabi, Leipzig, 1901.
796 Three volumes, 1898-1900, Luzac, London.
797 B. A. S., iv., p. 434-500.
798 B. A. S., ii., pp. 557-64, 573-79.
799 XVI., p. 189.
800 Pages 105, 106, 107, 116, 123, 124, 125, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137.
M743 Of the subsequent period
801 Published III. R. 4. No. 5.
M744 The Tell el Amarna letters
802 Heft I. of Mittheilungen aus den Orientalischen Sammlungen der Koenigliche Museen zu Berlin, Speman, Berlin.
803 B. A. S., iv., pp. 101-54, 279-337, and 410-17.
804 Vol. V. of Schrader's Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek, Reuther and Reichard, Berlin, 1896.
805 June 17, 1903.
M745 Cappadocian letters M746 Assyrian letters M747 Published texts
806 IX., pp. 240-56; X., pp. 60-72, 155-77, 305-15.
807 B. A. S., i., pp. 185-248, 613-31; ii., 19-62.
808 University of Chicago Press; Luzac, London.
M748 Translations
809 Baltimore, 1898.
810 B. A. S., iv., pp. 501-45.
811 P. S. B. A., 1901, pp. 331-59.
812 A. J. S. L., x., pp. 196-201; xiii., pp. 209-12, xiv., pp. 1-16, 171-82; xv., pp. 129-44.
813 Pfeiffer, Leipzig.
814 II., pp. 52, 58, 184 f., 302 f.
M749 Late Babylonian letters M750 Historical value of the letters M751 General value M752 Methods of classification M753 Royal letters M754 Great historical value of this collection M755 The letters to Sin-iddinam M756 Hammurabi as an administrator M757 His care for the revenues of the temples M758 The ordering of the calendar M759 His supervision of justice M760 His private property M761 His building enterprises M762 The return of the goddesses of Emutbal to their homes
815 K. L. H., No. 34.
M763 The date of their capture
816 K. L. H., iii., p. 237.
817 K. L. H., No. 45.
818 K. L. H., No. 26.
M764 The care of the canals
819 K. L. H., No. 71.
820 K. L. H., No. 5.
821 K. L. H., No. 4.
M765 A case of bribery
822 K. L. H., No. 11.
M766 A case of oppression redressed
823 K. L. H., No. 6.
824 34.
825 K. L. H., No. 76.
M767 The depository for deeds M768 Restitutions ordered
826 K. L. H., No. 12.
827 K. L. H., No. 24.
828 K. L. H., Nos. 13, 41.
829 K. L. H., No. 28.
M769 About taxes M770 Commerce under strict control by the State M771 The collection of taxes
830 K. L. H., No. 33.
831 K. L. H., Nos. 16, 30.
M772 Illegal impressment for public service
832 K. L. H., No. 3.
833 K. L. H., Nos. 18, 30, 73.
834 K. L. H., No. 38.
M773 Few in number M774 About change of air for a goddess
835 K. L. H., No. 81.
M775 Temple dues
836 K. L. H., No. 49.
M776 Fishing rights
837 K. L. H., No. 80.
M777 Business details
838 K. L. H., Nos. 79, 104.
839 K. L. H., No. 105.
M778 Letters of Abeshu' M779 Of Ammi-ditana
840 K. L. H., No. 56.
M780 Of Ammi-zaduga
841 K. L. H., No. 50.
M781 Of Sin-iddinam
842 K. L. H., No. 47.
843 K. L. H., No. 48.
M782 Periphrasis for "king"
844 Ana Amelim-sha-Marduk-ubalatushu.
845 A. O. F., ii., 312.
M783 Freeing of runaway slaves
846 V. A., Th. 793; B. A. S., ii., p. 563.
M784 Many details uncertain
847 B. 290 ff.
M785 A prisoner's plea to his master for deliverance M786 A father reminded of a broken promise
848 B2 212.
849 B1 193.
M787 Request from a tenant for the grant of a good cow
850 B2 2185.
851 A. O. F., ii., p. 90.
M788 Authorization to compel a creditor to pay his debts
852 B2 315.
M789 A warning connected with the filing of a suit M790 A request for fish and other food
853 S. 273.
M791 A love-letter
854 S. 274.
M792 Assyrian copies of old Babylonian letters
855 III. R. 4, No. 5.
856 K. 2, 41.
857 K. L. H., i., p. xxiii., note 2.
M793 The proof that the letters are Sennacherib's
858 P. S. B. A., 1895, p. 220 f.
859 A. J. S. L., xvi., pp. 160-67.
860 K. 181; H. 197.
M794 A letter concerning events in Armenia M795 Another letter regarding the movements of the Armenian king
861 H. 198.
M796 These letters explained by a comparison with those of Ashur-risua
862 H. 492.
863 H. 380.
864 H. 144.
865 H. 145.
866 H. 146.
867 H. 147.
868 H. 148.
869 H. 381.
870 H. 101.
871 H. 488.
872 H. 490.
873 H. 409.
874 H. 444.
875 H. 424.
876 H. 548.
877 H. 619.
878 H. 646.
879 H. 196.
M797 A letter about the chieftains of the Kumuhai
880 H. 199.
881 H. 731.
882 A. D. D., 1141.
883 H. 730.
M798 The period well known M799 The case of Nabu-bel-shumate M800 Letters about him
884 H. 839.
M801 A letter reporting the dethronement of the King of Elam
885 H. 832, 833, 835, 836, 837.
886 H. 88.
887 A. D. D., 9.
M802 Bel-ibni's letters
888 H. 289.
M803 Letter appointing him governor of the Sealands M804 Letter of Ummanaldash offering to give up Nabu-bel-shumate
889 G. Smith, ii., pp. 51 ff.
M805 Letter of Bel-ibni accusing Nabu-bel-shumate of imprisoning his brother
890 H. 460.
M806 Belshunu's identity
891 H. 282.
M807 His letter about the fugitive Shuma
892 H. 283.
893 H. 284.
M808 Many letters of this period M809 Their character that of forecasts or omens M810 Their great value
894 Pages 184, 185.
895 In P. S. B. A., etc.
M811 A letter of the governor of Erech
896 H. 754.
897 Page 201.
898 H. 290.
M812 The king's reply M813 The persons mentioned
899 H. 280.
M814 Bel-ibni's letter about Ummanigash M815 Kudur's letters about the king's favorite
900 H. 277.
M816 The king's reply
901 H. 399.
902 H. 412.
903 K. 4453.
904 H. 332.
905 H. 513.
M817 Kudur's letters about the rebellion
906 H. 275.
907 H. 274.
M818 His affectionate letter of thanks for the king's favors M819 The downfall of Elamite power
908 G. Sm., p. 24.
M820 A friendly letter from Esarhaddon to Urtaku M821 This friendship at first maintained by Ashurbanipal M822 The Elamites invade Babylonia M823 The punishment M824 Nabu-ushabshi's letters as governor of Southern Babylonia
909 H. 269.
910 H. 266.
M825 Letters about presents sent to the sanctuary of Erech
911 H. 268.
912 H. 273.
913 H. 543.
M826 Letters about omens and predictions M827 About a fox's falling into a well
914 H. 142.
M828 Regarding auspicious days for a journey
915 H. 77.
916 A. D. D., 1053.
M829 Balasi's letters about astrology M830 Ardi-Ea's letters of congratulation
917 H. 30.
918 H. 28.
M831 Adadi-shum-usur's letters
919 H. 2.
M832 A plea for his son to be appointed to the court
920 H. 1.
M833 Miscellaneous letters M834 Nabua's letters about the calendar
921 H. 825.
922 H. 816.
M835 The queen-dowager's importance
923 A. D. D., 70.
924 Rec. Trav., xx., p. 200.
M836 Letter of Na'id-Marduk to her
925 W. Sm., p. 7.
926 H. 324.
M837 King's letter to her M838 Aplia's cordial letter to her
927 H. 303.
928 A. D. D., No. 301.
M839 Asharidu's letter of loyalty
929 H. 254.
930 H. 368.
931 H. 263.
M840 Medical letters M841 Medical records numerous
932 215-21.
933 Z. K. F. II.
M842 Exorcism as well as healing the duty of a physician M843 A letter reporting the progress of a disease
934 H. 392.
935 H. 108.
936 H. 109.
937 H. 110.
938 H. 111.
939 H. 391.
940 H. 341.
M844 Letters regarding the appointment of officials
941 H. 577.
942 H. 43.
M845 Women's letters
943 H. 220.
M846 Private letters
944 H. 345.
945 H. 219.
M847 Reports and lists M848 Inquiries of the oracles M849 Metrology
946 H. 566.
M850 Diary of a journey
947 A. D. D., No. 1096.
M851 Business letters
948 Nbd. 574.
M852 Order for seed
949 Nbd. 1134.
M853 Another for supplies
950 Nbk. 460.
M854 Explanation of the filling of an order
951 Cyr. 207.
952 Cyr. 209.
M855 Requisition for supplies for canal digging
953 Cyr. 376.
M856 Request for some money M857 Fragmentary notes
954 XIX., p. 104 f.
955 Peek-Pinches, No. 22.
956 Peek-Pinches, pp. 85 ff.
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