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Animal Figures in the Maya Codices
by Alfred M. Tozzer and Glover M. Allen
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Cogolludo, Diego Lopez. 1688, Historia de Yucatan; 4^o, pp. 791, Madrid.

Cortesianus Codex, See Rada y Delgado, 1893.

Cospiano Codex (formerly Bologna). 1899, Published in facsimile, Paris. (Loubat edition.)

Dieseldorff, Erwin P. 1904, A clay vessel with a picture of a vampire-headed deity; in Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin 28, pp. 665-666, Washington. (Translation of German edition published in Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie, 1894, pp. 576-577.)

Dresden Codex, See Foerstemann, 1880 and 1892.

Fejervary-Mayer Codex, See Seler, 1901.

Fewkes, J. Walter. 1892, The Mam-zrau-ti; a Tusayan ceremony; in American Anthropologist, Vol. V, pp. 217-246.

1894, A study of certain figures in a Maya codex; in American Anthropologist, Vol. VII, pp. 260-274.

Foerstemann, Ernst. 1880, Die Maya-Handschrift der koeniglichen oeffentlichen Bibliothek zu Dresden; 4^o, Preface pp. xvii, 74 colored plates, Leipzig.

1892, Second edition of 1880, Dresden.

1902, Commentar zur Madrider Mayahandschrift (Codex Tro-Cortesianus); 8^o, pp. 160, Danzig.

1903, Commentar zur Pariser Mayahandschrift (Codex Peresianus); 8^o, pp. 32, Danzig.

1904, Tortoise and shell in Maya literature; in Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin 28, pp. 423-430, Washington. (Translation of German edition of 1892. Dresden.)

1904a, The Pleiades among the Mayas; in Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin 28, pp. 523-524, Washington. (Translation of German edition published in Globus, Vol. XVI, No. 15, p. 246, 1894.)

1904b, The Day Gods of the Mayas; in Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin 28, pp. 557-572, Washington. (Translation of German edition published in Globus, Vol. LXIII, Nos. 9, 10, 1898.)

1906, Commentary of the Maya manuscript in the Royal Public Library of Dresden; in Papers of the Peabody Museum, Vol. IV, No. 2, pp. 48-266. Cambridge. (Translation, revised by the author, of the German edition of 1901.)

Gann, Thomas. 1897-1898, Mounds in Northern Honduras; in Bureau of Ethnology, 19th annual report, part 2, pp. 661-691, Washington.

Gordon, George Byron. 1898, Researches in the Uloa Valley, Honduras; in Memoirs of the Peabody Museum, Vol. I, No. 4, pp. 44, Cambridge.

Hamy, Ernest T. 1899, Codex Borbonicus. Manuscrit Mexicain de la Bibliotheque der Palais Bourbon; Text and plates, Paris.

Holmes, William Henry. 1895-1897, Archaeological studies among the ancient cities of Mexico; Field Museum of Natural History, Publications 8 and 16, Anthropological Series, Vol. I, No. I, Chicago.

Hough, Walter. 1908, The pulque of Mexico; in Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. XXXIII, pp. 577-592, Washington.

Landa, Diego de. 1864, Relacion de las cosas de Yucatan; Spanish text with French translation published by Brasseur de Bourbourg; 8^o, pp. 516, Paris. (The references in the text are to this edition). Spanish edition published by Juan de Dios de la Rada y Delgado, Madrid, 1884, as an appendix to his translation of Leon de Rosny's article, Essai sur le dechiffrement de l'ecriture hieratique de l'Amerique Centrale. Second Spanish edition in Coleccion de Documentos ineditos (2d Series); Madrid, 1900, Vol. XIII, pp. 265-411.

1900, See second Spanish edition under 1864. (This contains much that is not given in the 1864 edition.)

Maler, Teoberto. 1901-1903, Researches in the Usumatsintla Valley; in Memoirs of the Peabody Museum, Vol. II, Cambridge.

1908, Explorations of the Upper Usumatsintla and adjacent region; in Memoirs of the Peabody Museum, Vol. IV, No. 1, Cambridge.

Maudslay, Alfred P. 1889-1902, Biologia Centrali-Americana, or Contributions to the knowledge of the flora and fauna of Mexico and Central America. Archaeology; Text and 4 vols. plates, London.

Nuttall Codex. 1902, Reproduced in facsimile by the Peabody Museum, Cambridge.

Palacio. 1686, Relacion hecha por el Licentiado Palacio al Rey. D. Felipe II en la que describe la Provincia de Guatemala, las costumbres de los Indios y otras casas notables; in Coleccion de Documentos ineditos relativos al descubrimiento, conquista y organizacion de las antiguas posesiones Espanales[TN-13] de America y Oceania; Tomo VI, pp. 7-40, Madrid.

Peresianus Codex, See Rosny, 1887.

Perez, Juan Pio. 1866-1877, Diccionario de la lengua Maya; sm. 4^o, pp. 437, Merida.

Rada y Delgado, Juan de Dios de la. 1893, Codice Maya denominado Cortesianus que se conserva en el Museo Arqueologio Nacional; 42 colored plates, Madrid.

Relacion de la Ciudad de Merida. 1900, in Coleccion de Documentos ineditos relativos al descubrimiento, conquista y organizacion de las antiguas posesiones Espanolas de Ultra mar (Segunda serie), Tomo XI, pp. 37-75, Madrid.

Relacion de Cotuta y Tibolon. 1900, in Coleccion de Documentos ineditos etc., (Segunda serie), Tomo XI, pp. 93-103, Madrid.

Rosny, Leon de. 1876, Essai sur le dechiffrement de l'ecriture hieratique de l'Amerique Centrale, Paris.

1887, Codex Peresianus, Manuscrit hieratique des anciens Indiens de l'Ameirque[TN-14] Centrale conserve a la Bibliotheque[TN-15] National de Paris, Paris.

Schellhas, Paul. 1904, Representations of deities of the Maya manuscripts; in Papers of the Peabody Museum, Vol. IV, No. 1, pp. 1-47, Cambridge. (Revised translation of second German edition of 1904.)

Seler, Eduard. 1900-1901, The Tonalamatl of the Aubin Collection, (English edition), pp. 147, plates 19, Berlin and London. (Loubat edition.)

1901, Codex Fejervary-Mayer. Manuscrit Mexicain precolombien du Free Public Museum de Liverpool (M 12014). Text and plates, Paris. (Loubat edition.)

1902-1903, Codex Vaticanus 3773, Text and plates, Berlin. (Loubat ed.)

1904, Venus period in the picture writings of the Borgia Codex group; in Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin 28, pp. 355-391, Washington. (Translation of German edition of 1898.)

1904a, The Bat god of the Maya race; in Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin 28, pp. 231-242, Washington. (Translation of the German edition of 1894.)

1904b, Antiquities from Guatemala: in Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin 28, pp. 75-121, Washington. (Translation of the German edition of 1895. republished[TN-16] in his collected works, Vol. III, pp. 578-640.)

1904-1906, Codex Borgia. Eine altmexikanische Bilderschrift der Bibliothek der Congregatio de Propaganda Fide; 4^o, 2 vols. plates, Berlin (Loubat edition.)

1909, Die Tierbilder der mexikanischen und Maya-Handschriften:[TN-17] in Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie, 1909, pp. 209-257, 381-457 (not completed).

Stempell, W. 1908, Die Tierbilder der Mayahandschriften; in Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie, 40 Jahrgang, Vol. V, pp. 704-743.

Strebel, Hermann. 1899, Uber Tierornamente auf Thongefaessen aus Alt-Mexico; in Veroeffentlichen aus dem Konig. Mus. fuer Voelkerkunde, Vol. VI, part 1, pp. 1-33, Berlin.

Thomas, Cyrus. 1882, A study of the Manuscript Troana; in Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. V, pp. 234, Washington.

1884-1885, Aids to the study of the Maya codices; in Bureau of Ethnology, 6th annual report, pp. 253-371, Washington.

Tozzer, Alfred M. 1907, A comparative study of the Mayas and the Lacandones. Report of the Fellow in American Archaeology, 1902-1905; Archaeological Institute of America, 8^o, pp. 195, plates 29, New York.

Troano Codex, See Brasseur de Bourbourg, 1867-1870.

Villagutierre Soto Mayor, Juan. 1701, Historia de la Conquista de la Provincia de el Itza; 4^o, pp. 660, Madrid.

Vaticanus 3773, See Seler, 1902.



PLATE 1

MOLLUSCA

FASCIOLARIA GIGANTEA

1. Man emerging from shell, Dresden 41b. 2. Same, Borgia 4. 3. Bologna 4. 4. Dresden 37b. 5. Vaticanus 3773, 66. 6. Nuttall 16. 7. Sign for zero, Dresden 64. 8. Glyph, Dresden 41b. 9. Nuttall 16.

OLIVA

10, 11. Sign for zero, Dresden 63. 12. Same, Dresden 55b.

OTHER MOLLUSCA

13. Sign for zero, Dresden 54b. 14. Same. Bivalve, Dresden 63. 15. Bivalve, Nuttall 25. 16. Nuttall 49. 17. Nuttall 23. 18. Nuttall 16. 19. Nuttall 36. 20. Nuttall 75. 21. Bivalve closed, seen in profile, Nuttall 75. 22. Same, Nuttall 25. 23. Probably bivalve, Nuttall 16. 24. Same. Nuttall 36.



PLATE 2

INSECTA

HONEY BEE (Melipona)

1. Possibly a drone, Tro-Cortesianus 108a. 2, 3. Tro-Cortesianus 108a. 4, 6[TN-18] Bees more conventionalized, Tro-Cortesianus 80b. 5. Bee and honey comb, Tro-Cortesianus 109c. 7. Honey combs, apparently in a hive, Tro-Cortesianus 11c. 8. Maya day sign, Cauac, possibly representing a honey comb, Tro-Cortesianus 106b. 9. Tro-Cortesianus 103c. 10. Honey combs in a hive, Tro-Cortesianus 104a. 11. Bee and honey comb, Tro-Cortesianus 109c.



PLATE 3

INSECTA AND MYRIAPODA

1. Maggots, probably of Blowfly (Sarcophaga), Tro-Cortesianus 27d. 2. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 24d. 3. Larva of Acentrocneme kollari, Tro-Cortesianus 28c. 4. Conventionalized insect, possibly a hornet, Nuttall 3. 5. Conventionalized insect, unidentified, Nuttall 19. 6. Same, Nuttall 55. 7. Same, Nuttall 51. 8. Butterfly or moth, Nuttall 19. 9. Butterfly, Aubin. 10. Maya day sign, Akbal, possibly representing the head of a centipede. 11. Glyph belonging to god D, apparently composed of signs for centipede, Dresden 7b. 12. Glyph for god D, Dresden 14b. 13. Glyph, Dresden 44b. 14. Same, Dresden 27a. 15. Centipede in connection with head-dress of god D, Dresden 15c. 16. Glyph, Dresden 9b. 17. Same, Dresden 15c. 18. Centipede in connection with head-dress of god D, Dresden 7c.



PLATE 4

ARACHNOIDEA, ARACHNIDA, CRUSTACEA

1. Scorpion and deer, Tro-Cortesianus 48c. 2. Scorpion with sting conventionalized as a hand, Tro-Cortesianus 44c. 3. Scorpion highly conventionalized, Nuttall 22. 4. Spider, possibly a tarantula, Borbonicus 9. 5. Crayfish, Nuttall 16. 6. Crab, Nuttall 37.



PLATE 5

MYRIAPODA, PISCES

1. Parts of a conventionalized centipede with quetzal tail, Vaticanus 3773, 13. 2. Fish with teeth, Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 48). 3. Fish captured by heron, Dresden 36b. (Compare Pl. 15, fig. 5.) 4. Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 45). 5. Fish. 6. Pottery fish, Chajcar (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 93). 7. Same. 8. Fish as offering, Tro-Cortesianus 3a. 9. Same, Dresden 29b.



PLATE 6

PISCES

1. Possibly a flying-fish (Exocetus), Nuttall 75. 2. Palenque, Temple of the Cross (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 68). 3. Nuttall 36. 4, 5. Glyphs, possibly of a shark, Dresden 40a. 6. Fish as offering, Dresden 27c. 7. Fish without dorsal fins, possibly an eel (Muraena), Dresden 65b. 8. Fish as offering, Dresden 23b. 9. Pottery animal from Santa Rita (Gann, 1897-1898, Pl. 34). 10. Dresden 44c. 11. Nuttall 16. 12. Palenque, Palace (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 11). 13. Fish as offering, Dresden 33a. 14. Fish as part of the Great Cycle glyph, Copan, Stela C, north (Maudslay, I, Pl. 41). 15. Same, Copan, Stela C, south (Maudslay, I, Pl. 41.) 16. Same, Copan, Stela D (Maudslay, I, Pl. 48). 17. Same, Copan, Stela C, south (Maudslay, I, Pl. 41).



PLATE 7

AMPHIBIA

1. Frog (Rana), Tro-Cortesianus 31a. 2, 3. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 101d. 4. Probably a toad (Bufo), Copan, Oblong altar (Maudslay, I, Pl. 114). 5. Frog or toad, Tro-Cortesianus 17b. 6. Frog and fish, Copan, Altar O (Maudslay, I, Pl. 85). 7. Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 46).



PLATE 8

AMPHIBIA, REPTILIA

1. God F representing a tree-toad (Hyla eximia), Tro-Cortesianus 26b. 2. Glyph evidently belonging to fig. 3, Tro-Cortesianus 26a. 3. Same as fig. 1, Tro-Cortesianus 26a. 4. Snake, Nuttall 6. 5. Same, Nuttall 45. 6. Same, Nuttall 37. 7. Snake used as head-dress of a woman, Dresden 39b. 8. Same, Dresden 23b. 9. Same, Dresden 43b. 10. Same, Dresden 22b. 11. Same, Dresden 9c. 12. Same, Dresden 15b. 13. Same, Dresden 18a. 14. Dresden 42a. 15. Same as figs. 7-13, Dresden 20a.

[TN-19]]

PLATE 9

REPTILIA

RATTLESNAKE (Crotalus)

1. Tro-Cortesianus 33b. 2. Nahua day sign, Couatl, Aubin 10. 3. Tro-Cortesianus 52c. 4. Tro-Cortesianus 40b. 5. Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Painted Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 40). 6. Nuttall 29. 7. Glyph representing rattles, Tro-Cortesianus 106c. 8. Tro-Cortesianus 100d. 9. Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Painted Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 40). 10. Nuttall 54.



PLATE 10

REPTILIA

SERPENTS

1. Tree snake (possibly Lachesis), Dresden 27c. 2. Nuttall 37. 3. Dresden 57b. 4. Nuttall 5. 5. Nuttall 37. 6. Nuttall. 7. Serpent in connection with long number series, Dresden 62. 8. Dresden 37b. 9. Dresden 40c.



PLATE 11

REPTILIA

SERPENTS

1. Large snake with conventionalized spots, Tro-Cortesianus 30a. 2. Tro-Cortesianus 31b.



PLATE 12

REPTILIA

IGUANA, LIZARDS

1. Iguana as offering, Tro-Cortesianus 105c. 2. Iguana, Tro-Cortesianus 3b. 3. Iguana, as offering with Kan, Dresden 43c. 4. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 107b. 5. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 6a. 6. Same, Dresden 29b. 7. Offering, possibly representing a lizard, Dresden 27b. 8. Same, Dresden 34a. 9. Lizard used for Uinal glyph, Copan, Stela D, gl. 4. (Maudslay, I, Pl. 48). 10. Nahua day sign, Cuetzpalin (lizard), Aubin 10. 11. Lizard, Dresden 3a. 12. Nuttall 10. 13. Offering, the portion with serrated margin possibly representing an iguana, Tro-Cortesianus 12b. 14. Lizard, Nuttall 2.



PLATE 13

REPTILIA

CROCODILE (Crocodilus)

1. Glyph of the Nahua day sign, Cipactli, Nuttall 1. 2. Crocodile represented by head and limb, Nuttall 36. 3. Same as fig. 1, Nuttall 1. 4. Same as fig. 1, Nuttall 4. 5. Same as fig. 1, Nuttall 9. 6. Same as fig. 1, Nuttall 47. 7. Same as fig. 1, Nuttall 1. 8. Nuttall 75. 9. Head of lizard or possibly crocodile used as a Uinal glyph, Palenque, Temple of the Foliated Cross (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 82, gl. 6). 10. Head of crocodile, Dresden 52b. 11. Head, possibly of a crocodile, Palenque, Temple of the Foliated Cross (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 82, gl. 0,[TN-20] 4). 12. Conventionalized head of a crocodile, Dresden 53b.



PLATE 14

REPTILIA

TURTLES

1. Turtle, Tro-Cortesianus 19b. 2. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 17b. 3. Swimming turtle, Tro-Cortesianus 17a. 4. Possibly representing a turtle, Nuttall 33. 5. Turtle, Tro-Cortesianus 81c. 6. Freshwater turtle (Chelydra) with leeches attached, Tro-Cortesianus 72b. 7. Glyph for fig. 3. 8. Glyph. 9. Glyph. 10. Glyph. 11. Turtle, Nuttall 43. 12. Turtle god, Aac, Dresden 49.



PLATE 15

AVES

HERONS[TN-21] FRIGATE BIRD

1. Heron, stucco ornament, Palenque, Palace, House B (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 18). 2. Heron head-dress, Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 45). 3. Head and neck of a heron, Dresden 37b. 4. Heron, Nuttall 74. 5. Heron with fish, Palenque, Temple of the Cross, West side panel (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 71). 6. Heron[TN-22] 7. Heron with a fish as a head-dress, Dresden 36a. 8. Fork-tailed bird, probably a Frigate bird (Fregata aquila), Tro-Cortesianus 34a. 9. Same, arranged for offering, Dresden 35a.



PLATE 16

AVES

OCELLATED TURKEY (Agriocharis ocellata)

1. Turkey in trap, Tro-Cortesianus 93a. 2. Turkey, Tro-Cortesianus 10b. 3. Turkey snared, Tro-Cortesianus 91a. 4. Tro-Cortesianus 4a. 5. Tro-Cortesianus 95c. 6. Tro-Cortesianus 37b. 7. Vaticanus 3773, 14. 8. Tro-Cortesianus 36a. 9. Whole turkey as offering, Dresden 26c. 10. Head of turkey as offering, Dresden 34a. 11. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 12b. 12. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 105b. 13. Dresden 20a. 14. Head of turkey as offering, Dresden 41c. 15. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 107b. 16. Same, Dresden 29c. 17. Same, Dresden 28c.



PLATE 17

AVES

KING VULTURE (Sarcorhamphus papa)

1. Tro-Cortesianus 67a. 2. Tro-Cortesianus 22c. 3. God with head of King Vulture, Dresden 19a. 4. King Vulture and Ocellated Turkey, Tro-Cortesianus 85a. 5. Glyph, showing head, Dresden 39c. 6. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 107c. 7. Same, Dresden 38b. 8. Same. 9. King Vulture, tearing out entrails of deer, Tro-Cortesianus 40a. 10. Tun period glyph (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 89). 11. Tro-Cortesianus 94c. 12. Tro-Cortesianus 26c. 13. Glyph, Chichen Itza, Monjas, east (Maudslay, III, Pl. 13).



PLATE 18

AVES.

KING VULTURE (Sarcorhamphus papa), BLACK VULTURE (Catharista urubu)

1. Glyph of head of King Vulture, Dresden 11b. 2. Glyph for Nahua day sign, Cozcaquauhtli, Nuttall 5. 3. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 41. 4. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 5. 5. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 4. 6. Same as fig. 2, showing considerable conventionalization. Nuttall 2. 7. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 3. 8. Same as fig[TN-23] 2, further reduced, Nuttall 18. 9. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 3. 10. Same as fig. 2, Nuttall 20. 11. Probably a Black Vulture, Tro-Cortesianus 95c. 12. Black Vulture, Tro-Cortesianus 70a. 13. Same, Dresden 17b. 14. Possibly a Black Vulture, Chichen Itza, Monjas, east (Maudslay, III, Pl. 13). 15. Head of Black Vulture, Nuttall 32. 16. Glyph of head of same, Dresden 54b. 17. Black Vulture, Tro-Cortesianus 36b. 18. Head of same, Tro-Cortesianus 26c. 19. Same, Dresden 39c. 20. Same, Nuttall 19. 21. Same, Nuttall 34. 22. Same, Dresden 37c. 23. Same, Nuttall 27. 24. Same, Nuttall 1. 25. Same, Nuttall 34. 26. Same, Nuttall 9. 27. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 19b.



PLATE 19

AVES.

VULTURES

1. Vulture (probably a King Vulture) tearing at entrails of an animal, Tro-Cortesianus 42a. 2. Nuttall 69. 3. Nuttall 74. 4. Possibly a Black Vulture, Tro-Cortesianus 35b. 5. Tro-Cortesianus 26d. 6. Tro-Cortesianus 26d. 7. Dresden 3a. 8. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 16). 9. Glyph, Copan, Altar K (Maudslay, I, gl. 73). 10. Glyph, Tikal, House 9 (Maudslay, III, Pl. 79). 11. Black Vulture and snake, Dresden 36b. 12. Probably vultures, Tro-Cortesianus 100b. 13. Probably a vulture, Tro-Cortesianus 18b. 14. Same, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber, Chichen Itza (Maudslay, III, Pl. 46).



PLATE 20

AVES

HARPY EAGLE (Thrasaetos harpyia)

1. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 16, gl. 3). 2. Nuttall 53. 3. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 16, gl. 13). 4. Tro-Cortesianus 88c. 5. Part of a head-dress, Dresden 14c. 6. Peresianus 2. 7. Dresden 14b. 8. Eagle with crest feathers tipped by flints, Nuttall[TN-24] 9. Glyph, Tro-Cortesianus 107c. 10. Stone carving, Chichen Itza (Maudslay, III, Pl. 52). 11. Dresden 23c. 12. Possibly an eagle's head, Dresden 43c. 13. Possibly an eagle, Dresden 74. 14. Bologna 7.



PLATE 21

AVES

YUCATAN HORNED OWL (Bubo virginianus mayensis)

1. Owl in flight, Stucco ornament, Palenque, Palace, House E (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 43). 2. Stone carving of owl, Yaxchilan, Stela 4 (Peabody Museum Memoirs, II, Pl. 70). 3. Owl in flight, carved in wood, Tikal, House C, lintel (Maudslay, III, Pl. 78).



PLATE 22

AVES

YUCATAN HORNED OWL (Bubo virginianus mayensis)

1. Bologna 7. 2. As a head-dress, Tro-Cortesianus 95c. 3. Borgia 7. 4. On end of staff carried by warrior, Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 49). 5. Aubin 13. 6. Head highly conventionalized, Palenque, Temple of the Sun (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 88). 7. Screech-owl (chiquatli), Aubin.

22[TN-25]]

PLATE 23

AVES

YUCATAN SCREECH OWL or Moan-bird (Otus choliba thompsoni)

1. Dresden 7c. 2. Tro-Cortesianus 66a. 3. Dresden 11a. 4. As a head-dress, Tro-Cortesianus 94c. 5. As a head-dress, Dresden 18b. 6. Glyph associated with Moan-bird, Dresden 7c. 7. Same, Dresden 7c. 8. Dresden 10a. 9. Peresianus 10. 10. Peresianus 5. 11. Glyph representing head, Dresden 38c. 12. Same, Dresden 8b. 13. Same, Dresden 53b. 14. Same, Dresden 16c. 15. Glyph possibly representing Moan-bird, Dresden 38c. 16. Glyph of head, Dresden 53b. 17. Glyph associated with Moan-bird. 18. Tro-Cortesianus 73b. 19. As a head-dress, Dresden 16c. 20. As a head-dress, Tro-Cortesianus 95c. 21. Glyph associated with Moan-bird, Dresden 7c.

[TN-26]]

PLATE 24

AVES

COPPERY-TAILED TROGON or QUETZAL (Pharomacrus mocinno)

1. Head-dress with crest feathers shown as knobs, Dresden 7c. 2. Head-dress, Dresden 13b. 3. Same, Dresden 16c. 4. Tro-Cortesianus 100b. 5. Tro-Cortesianus 70a. 6. Head-dress, Tro-Cortesianus 94c. 7. Nuttall 33. 8. Conventionalized tail as a head ornament, Dresden 20c. 9. Vaticanus 3773, 17. 10. Glyph, Palenque, Temple of the Sun (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 89, gl. O, 9). 11. Trogon descending on a sacrifice, Bologna 8. 12. Tro-Cortesianus 36b. 13. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 111, gl. 54). 14. Glyph apparently representing a trogon's head, Dresden 20c. 15. Same, Dresden 9b. 16. Same, Dresden 3a. 17. Head, Nuttall 43. 18. Tro-Cortesianus 26c. 19. Figure with head ornament resembling a trogon glyph, Dresden 20c.



PLATE 25

AVES

BLUE MACAW (Ara militaris)

1. Figure with macaw head and holding firebrands, Dresden 40b. 2. Head-dress, Dresden 16c. 3. Tro-Cortesianus 12a. 4. Glyph, Copan, Stela 11 (Maudslay, I, Pl. 112, gl. 12). 5. Same, Copan, Stela B (Maudslay, I, Pl. 38). 6. Glyph used in connection with fig. 1. 7. Glyph. 8. Stone carving of upper mandible and head, Copan, Stela B (Maudslay, I, Pl. 37). 9. Head, probably of a turtle, month sign Kayab, Quirigua, Stela A (Maudslay, II, Pl. 7, gl. 14). 10. Head, probably of a macaw, Copan, Altar Q (Maudslay, I, Pl. 93). 11. Tro-Cortesianus 37b. 12. Head, probably of a macaw, Copan, Stela A (Maudslay, I, Pl. 30, gl. 19). 13. Tro-Cortesianus 94c.



PLATE 26

AVES

PARROTS, TURKEYS

1. Macaw as a head-dress, Tro-Cortesianus 26c. 2. Bird of sacrifice, doubtless an Ocellated Turkey (Agriocharis) Dresden 25c. (Compare also Dresden 26c[TN-27] 27c, 28c.) 3. Head-dress, probably a macaw, Copan, Altar Q (Maudslay, I, Pl. 92). 4. Possibly a parrot (Amazona), Nuttall 4. 5. Head-dress, head of a macaw, Tro-Cortesianus 89a. 6. Head-dress, possibly representing a parrot, Dresden 12b. 7. Possibly a parrot (Amazona), Nuttall 71. 8. Glyph representing a macaw's head, Tikal, Temple C (Maudslay, III, Pl. 78). 9. Parrot-like head-dress, Dresden 19a. 10. Possibly a macaw, Tro-Cortesianus 37b. 11. Parrot-like head-dress, Dresden 11b. 12. Bird of sacrifice, probably an Ocellated Turkey or a Chachalaca, Nuttall 22. 13. Parrot-like head-dress, Dresden 11a. 14. Head of Ocellated Turkey or a Chachalaca, Nuttall 5.



PLATE 27

AVES

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Bird of sacrifice, an Ocellated Turkey or a Chachalaca, Nuttall 2. 2. Same, Nuttall 16. 3. Same, Nuttall 19. 4. Same, Nuttall 1. 5. Woodpecker possibly Campephilus imperialis, Nuttall 74. 6. Same, Nuttall 71. 7. Possibly a Raven (Corvus corax sinuatus), Nuttall 48. 8. Parrot (cocho), Aubin 11. 9. Same, Aubin 13. 10. Turkey-cock (uexolot),[TN-28] Aubin 11. 11. Same, Aubin 13.



PLATE 28

VARIOUS ANIMALS

1. Earthenware vessel representing a tapir (Tapirella) with a necklace of Oliva shells (Seler, 1904b, p. 106, fig. 23). 2. Stone carving, possibly of a King Vulture (Sarcorhamphus papa), Copan, Altar T (Maudslay, I, Pl. 96). 3. Stone carving, possibly a lizard, Copan, Stela 6 (Maudslay I, Pl. 107). 4. Stone carving, probably a jaguar (Felis onca hernandezi), Copan, Stela 2 (Maudslay, I, Pl. 102). 5. Stone carving of a Black Vulture (Catharista urubu), Copan, Stela D (Maudslay, I, Pl. 48). 6. Lizard (?) attacked by two birds (?) perhaps vultures, Quirigua, Altar B (Maudslay, II, Pl. 15).



PLATE 29

MAMMALIA

ARMADILLO AND MISCELLANEOUS

1. Nine-banded Armadillo (Tatu novemcinctum), Tro-Cortesianus 103a. 2. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 92d. 3. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 103a. 4. Armadillo captured in a pitfall, Tro-Cortesianus 48a. 5. Undetermined animal, Dresden 14c. 6. Undetermined animal, possibly a frog or a marsupial, Tro-Cortesianus 33a. 7. Rodent, Nuttall 11. 8. Undetermined animal, Tro-Cortesianus 24d.



PLATE 30

MAMMALIA

DEER, HARE

1. Yucatan deer, caught in a snare, Tro-Cortesianus 48b. 2. Yucatan brocket (Mazama pandora) caught in a pitfall, Tro-Cortesianus 92a. 3. Glyph for hare or rabbit, Nuttall 16. 4. Same, Nuttall 5. 5. Yucatan deer, Dresden 60a. 6. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 30b. 7. Hare or rabbit, Nuttall 22. 8. Same, Dresden 61[TN-29]



PLATE 31

MAMMALIA

YUCATAN DEER (Odocoileus yucatanensis)

1. Doe, Dresden 45c. 2. Same, Fegervary-Mayer 26. 3. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 29c. 4. Same, Nuttall 50. 5. Same captured in snare, Tro-Cortesianus 86a. 6. Head-dress of god M, Tro-Cortesianus 50b. 7. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 51c. 8. Doe, Tro-Cortesianus 2b. 9. Head of same, Nuttall 43. 10. Head of doe as sacrifice, Tro-Cortesianus 77. 11. Same, Peresianus 10. 12. Haunch of venison as a sacrifice, Dresden 35a. 13. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 105b. 14. Same, Dresden 28c. 15. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 108a.



PLATE 32

MAMMALIA

YUCATAN PECCARY (Tayassu angulatum yucatanense) YUCATAN DEER (Odocoileus yucatanensis)

1. Peccary, Nuttall 79. 2. Same, Dresden 68a. 3. Combination, a peccary's head and forefoot, with long tail and hindfoot without hoofs, Tro-Cortesianus 66a[TN-30] 4. Peccary, Dresden 45b. 5. Man with peccary head, Copan, Sela[TN-31] D, cast (Maudslay, I, Pl. 46). 6. Combination animal, with hoofs and dorsal crest of a peccary and scales of a reptile, Dresden 75. 7. Peccary, Nuttall 9. 8. Yucatan deer, with conventionalized antler, glyph for Nahua day sign, Macatl, Nuttall 26. 9. Same, Peresianus 5. 10. Glyph for Nahua day sign Macatl, Aubin 10. 11. Same, Nuttall 5. 12. Deer, Copan, Stela N, East (Maudslay, I, Pl. 79).



PLATE 33

MAMMALIA

YUCATAN PECCARY (Tayassu angulatum yucatanense)

1. Peccary caught in a snare, Tro-Cortesianus 49c. 2. Glyph, Chichen Itza, Monjas, East (Maudslay, III, Pl. 13). 3. Head as a head-dress, Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III). 4. Peccary caught in a snare, Tro-Cortesianus 93a. 5. Tro-Cortesianus 30b. 6. Dresden 62. 7. Glyph representing a peccary's head, Dresden 45b. 8. Same, Dresden 43b. 9. Peccary caught in a snare, Tro-Cortesianus 49a.



PLATE 34

MAMMALIA

JAGUAR, PUMA

1. Jaguar (Felis hernandezi), Nuttall 24. 2. Man seated in the open mouth of an animal, possibly a jaguar, Tro-Cortesianus 20a. 3. Nahua day sign, Oceolotl, Aubin 9. 4. Pot representing a jaguar or puma (Gann, 1897-1898, Pl. 34). 5. Probably a puma (Felis bangsi costaricensis), Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Painted Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 40). 6. Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 50). 7. Probably a puma, Dresden 47.

]

PLATE 35

MAMMALIA

COYOTE, BEAR, JAGUAR

1. Probably a coyote (Canis), Nuttall 6. 2. Same, Nuttall 26. 3. Possibly a bear (Ursus), Dresden 37a. 4. Same, Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers (Maudslay, III, 38). 5. Jaguar (Felis hernandezi), Dresden 8a. 6. Glyph, probably of a jaguar head, Copan, Stela 4 (Maudslay, I, Pl. 104). 7. Copan, Altar F (Maudslay, I, Pl. 114). 8. Jaguar, Tro-Cortesianus 28c. 9. Stone carving of jaguar head, Palenque, Palace, House C (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 24). 10. Jaguar, Tro-Cortesianus 30b. 11. Glyph, probably of a jaguar. 12. Head of jaguar in fresco, Santa Rita (Gann, 1897-1898, Pl. 31). 13. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 2a. 14. Same, Nuttall 27.



PLATE 36

MAMMALIA

DOG (Canis)

1. Dog and crab, Tro-Cortesianus 88c. 2. Tro-Cortesianus 37b. 3. Tro-Cortesianus 66b. 4. Head, Nuttall 34. 5. Nuttall 72. 6. Head, Nuttall 20. 7. Probably a dog, Nuttall 3. 8. Aubin 9. 9. Glyph for day sign Oc. 10. Same. 11. Same. 12. Tro-Cortesianus 91d. 13. Glyph for Nahua day sign Itzcuintli, Aubin 9. 14. Tro-Cortesianus 27d.



PLATE 37

MAMMALIA

DOG (Canis)

1. Dog bearing firebrands, Dresden 40b. 2. Same, Dresden 39a. 3. Same, Dresden 36a. 4. Tro-Cortesianus 88a. 5. Dresden 21b. 6. Tro-Cortesianus 24c. 7. Dresden 13c. 8. Tro-Cortesianus 37a. 9. Dresden 30a. 10. Dresden 7a. 11. Glyph supposed to represent a dog's ribs, Dresden 13c. 12. Dresden 29a. 13. Head, Tro-Cortesianus 91d.



PLATE 38

MAMMALIA

LEAF-NOSED BAT (Vampyrus spectrum or Phyllostomus hastatus panamensis)

1. Glyph, Chichen Itza, Akat 'Cib (Maudslay, III, Pl. 19.)[TN-33] 2. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 8). 3. Bat god, drawn as glyph, Copan, Stela D (Maudslay, I, Pl. 48). 4. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 8). 5. Glyph, Palenque, Temple of the Inscriptions (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 60, gl. Q 1). 6. Glyph, Tikal (Maudslay III, Pl. 74, gl. 41). 7. Bat gad used as decoration on pottery, Chama (Dieseldorff, 1904).



PLATE 39

MAMMALIA

MONKEY AND MISCELLANEOUS

1. Capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus), Nuttall 1. 2. Same, Nuttall 5. 3. Head of same, Nuttall 38. 4. Nondescript animal, possibly a combination of monkey and peccary, Tro-Cortesianus 88c. 5. Glyph, possibly representing a monkey, found in connection with fig. 4. 6. Glyph of head of monkey, Nuttall 1. 7. Head of long-nosed god, Tro-Cortesianus 30a. 8. Head of monkey, glyph for Nahua day sign, Ocomatli, Aubin 9. 9. Long-nosed god, Tro-Cortesianus 30b. 10. God with head-dress, Dresden 5c.



Transcriber's Note:

The following typographical errors were noted in the original text:

TN-1 279 "Yucatan Horned Ow" should read "Yucatan Horned Owl" TN-2 281 "Mandslay" should read "Maudslay" TN-3 284 "deRosny" should read "de Rosny" TN-4 299 "connnection" should read "connection" TN-5 299 "signifiance" should read "significance" TN-6 299 "lightening" should read "lightning" TN-7 340 "indicatd" should read "indicated" TN-8 344 "Kayae" should read "Kayab" TN-9 353 "(Dresden 44b, 45b, (Pl. 32, fig. 4)" Has an extra ( before Pl. TN-10 366 "C. hypoleucus Auct.)" should read "Auct.)." TN-11 Footnote 327-[+] "coasa" should read "cosas" TN-12 Footnote 349-* "for" should read "por" TN-13 371 "Espanales" should read "Espanoles" TN-14 371 "l'Ameirque" should read "l'Amerique" TN-15 371 "Bibliotheque" should read "Bibliotheque" TN-16 372 "1895. republished" should read "1895. Republished" TN-17 372 "und Maya-Handschriften:" colon should be a semi-colon TN-18 Plate 2 caption "4, 6" should have a . following TN-19 Plate 8 Plate number was not printed on the page TN-20 Plate 13 caption "Pl. 82, gl. 0, 4" should read "O, 4" TN-21 Plate 15 caption "HERONS FRIGATE" should read "HERONS, FRIGATE" TN-22 Plate 15 caption "6. Heron" should have a . at the end TN-23 Plate 18 caption "8. Same as fig" should read "fig." TN-24 Plate 20 caption "flints, Nuttall" should end with a . TN-25 Plate 22 The word "Plate" was incompletely printed TN-26 Plate 23 "23" was missing the second digit TN-27 Plate 26 caption "Dresden 26c 27c," should have a , after 26c TN-28 Plate 28 caption "uexolot" should read "uexolotl" TN-29 Plate 29 caption "Dresden 61" was missing the . at the end TN-30 Plate 32 caption "Tro-Cortesianus 66a" was missing the . at the end TN-31 Plate 32 caption "Sela" should read "Stela" TN-32 Plate 34 "PLATE 34," should not end with a comma TN-33 Plate 38 "Pl. 19.)" should read "Pl. 19)."

The following words had inconsistent hyphenation:

Blow-fly / Blowfly cross-hatched / crosshatched pit-fall / pitfall

The following words had inconsistent spelling:

dechiffrement / dechiffrement Fegervary-Mayer / Fejervary-Mayer / Fejervary-Mayer Relacion / Relacion role / role

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