Humboldt on Phoenician symbols in America, 186; on the origin of the Aztecs, 218; on Peruvian great roads, 245; on books of hieroglyphics found in Peru, 246, 255; describes the pyramid of Papantla, 91, 92.

Huxley on American ethnology, 69.

Incas of Peru, origin of the title, 267; they represent only the last period of Peruvian history, 261; their dynasty began 500 years or less before the Conquest, 260-1; list of the Incas, 261; Manco-Capac a fable, 260-1.

Indians of North America, vain endeavors to connect them with the Mound-Builders, 62; came toward the Atlantic from the northwest, 59; the Iroquois group may have come first, 58; their distribution relative to the Algonquins, 59, 60; date of Algonquin migration estimated, 60; these Indians resemble the Koraks and Chookchees, 65, 185; they are entirely distinct from Mound-Builders and Pueblos, 60, 65; their barbarism original, 61.

"Inscription Rock," 78.

Inscriptions in Central America written in Maya characters, 196; written perhaps in an old form of speech from which the Maya family of dialects was derived, 196; attempts to decipher them, 292.

Iron, names for, in ancient Peru, 248.

Israelitish theory of ancient America, 166-7.

Keweenaw Point, a copper district, 44.

Kukulcan, his worship, 220, 293.

Lake Peten in the forest, Maya settlement there, 95; Ursua's road from Yucatan to the lake, 95.

Landa wrote on the Mayas of Yucatan, 191; preserved the Maya alphabet, with explanations, 191.

Languages in Mexico and Central America, 200, 205; three groups, 216; probably not radically distinct, 206, 216; the most important group supposed to be Colhuan, 205.

Las Casas on Central American annalists, 187-8; what he says of the old books and their destruction, 188.

Maize, did Indians get it from Mound-Builders? 35.

Malays, their ancient empire, 167-8; their navigation of the Pacific, 168; spread of their dialects, 168; came to America, 169, 170, 272; El Masudi[TN-8] on the Malays, 168; were not civilizers in America, 170-1; ruins of Malayan cities in Java, 163-9.

Manco-Capac a fiction of the Incas, 260-1; discarded by Montesinos and other early Spanish writers, 261, 269.

Mandan Indians supposed Mound-Builders, 74.

Mayas first seen by Columbus, 209; their phonetic alphabet preserved, 191; descendants of the first civilizers, 170.

Mexican cities noticed by Spaniards, 211, 215; what Montezuma said of his building materials, 209.

Mexican "picture-writing" a peculiarity of the Aztecs, 221; much inferior to the Maya writing, 221; something like it at Chichen-Itza, 143; Aztecs could not have left such inscriptions as those seen in the ruined cities, 221.

Mexican ruins in the central region, 89-92; Tulha, 89; Xochicalco, 89, 90; Papantla, 91, 92; Cholula, 90; Teotihuacan, 90; pyramids with galleries, 91; unexplored antiquities in this region, 91.

Mining works of Mound-Builders, 43-6; mining method of the Mound-Builders, 43; their mining tools found, 44, 46; they left a detached mass of copper in a mine, 43-4; antiquity of their mining works, 46, 53, 64.

Mitla, its ruins show refined skill in the builders, 118, 121; the decorations, 121; present state of the ruins, 117-122.

Montesinos, Fernando, explored and studied Peru fifteen years, 261; unequaled in knowledge of its antiquities and traditional history, 263; his means of information, 262; how historical narratives and poems were preserved by the amautas, 263; how literature can be preserved by trained memory, 262-3; Homer and the Vedas, 262-3.

Montesinos on Peruvian history, 264-7; there were three distinct periods, 264; he rejects the Manco-Capac fable, 264; does not begin the history with such stories, 264; reports 64 kings in the first period, 264; his account of the Peruvian sovereigns, 264-7; the art of writing existed in the older time, 265; how the first period closed, 266; the second period, for 1000 years, a period of invasions, divisions, small states, and general decline of civilization, 264, 267; in this period the art of writing was lost, 267; in it the 26 successors of the 64 kings were merely kings of Tambotoco, 266; how this period ended, 267-8; the third period began with Rocca, the first Inca, 267; why Montesinos has not been duly appreciated, 268-9; his facts stand apart from his theories, 268; probabilities favor his report of three periods, 270-1.

Montezuma on his building-material, 209.

Morgan, Lewis H., on the Indians, 59, 60, 66.

Mound-Builders, their national name unknown, 14, 57; their mound-work and its uses, 17-19; like mound-work in Mexico and Central America, 70, 71, 72; their civilization, 33-39; used wood for building material, 70, 71; their inclosures, 19-24; their works at the south, 24, 27; their principal settlements, 30, 31, 34; their border settlements, 52; had commerce with Mexico, 73; relics of their manufactures, 40, 41, 61; their long stay in the country, 51-55; were not ancestors of wild Indians, 58-61; came from Mexico, 70; were connected with Mexico through Texas, 73; probably were Toltecs, 74, 200-3.

Muyscas, their civilization, 271.

Nahuatl or Toltec chronology, 203-4.

Natchez Indians, were they degenerate Mound-Builders, 58, 56.

Northmen in America, 279-85; they discovered Greenland, 280; their settlements in Greenland, 280-1, 284; Biarni's constrained voyage to Massachusetts in 985 A.D., 163, 281; subsequent voyages to New England, 281-4; encounters with the Indians, 282, 283; the Norse settlements in Vinland were probably lumbering and trading establishments, 284; not people enough in Greenland and Iceland to make extensive settlements, 284; written narratives of these discoveries, 279-80.

Origin of Mexican and Central American civilization, theories of, 165-183; the "lost tribes" theory absurd, 166-7; the Malay theory untenable, 170-1; the Phoenician theory fails to explain it, 173-4; the Atlantic theory explained by Brasseur de Bourbourg not likely to be received, 182; it was an original American civilization, 184; may have begun in South America, 185, 246, 272-3.

Orton, Prof., on Peruvian antiquity, 273, 274.

Pacific islands, their antiquities, 288-92.

Palenque, Stephens's first view of, 100; this city's name unknown, 104; supposed to have been the ancient Xibalba, 199; some of its ruins described, 105-9; extent of the old city can not be determined, 96, 105; difficulties of exploration, 105, 110; the cross at Palenque, 109; aqueduct, 105.

Papantla, its remarkable stone pyramid, 91, 92; important ruins in the forests of Papantla and Misantla, 91.

Paper, Peruvian name of, 267; manufacture of, for writing, proscribed in the second period of Peruvian history, 267.

Peruvian ancient history, 257-67.

Peruvian civilization, 246; differed from Central American, 222-3, 246; is seen in the civil and industrial organization, 247; in their agriculture, 247; in their manufactures, 247-51; their dyes, 247-8; their skill in gold-work, 249; the abundance of gold-work, 249-50; their schools of the amautas, 253, 263; their literature, 255; anciently had the art of writing, 255, 267; had names for iron, and said to have worked iron mines, 248-9.

Peruvian ruins, where found, 222, 237; they represent two periods of civilization, 226; remains on islands in Lake Titicaca, 227-8; at Tiahuanaco, 233-4; remarkable monolithic gateways, 233-4; at old Huanuco, 239-40; at Gran-Chimu, 237-8; ruins of a large and populous city, 237; Cuelap, 239; Pachacamac, 243; subterranean passage under a river, 243; the aqueducts, 222, 237, 243; the great roads, 243-6; ruins at Cuzco, 234.

Phoenicians, or people of that race, came probably to America in very ancient times, 172, 173; decline of geographical knowledge around the AEgean after Phoenicia was subjugated, about B.C. 813, 272-3; supposed Phoenician symbols in Central America, 186; Phoenician race may have influenced Central American civilization, but did not originate it, 173, 185; Tyrians storm-driven to America, 162, 163.

Pizarro seeks Peru, 224-5; discovers the country, 225; goes to Spain for aid, 225; finally lands at Tumbez, 225; marches to Caxamalca, 220; perpetrates wholesale murder and seizes the Inca, 220; the Inca fills a room with gold for ransom, and is murdered, 220, 249.

"Popol-Vuh," an old Quiche book translated, 192; what it contains, 193; Quiche account of the creation, 194; four attempts to create man, 194-5; its mythology grew out of an older system, 193-4; kingdom of Quiche not older than 1200 A.D., 193.

Pueblos, 76, 77; Pueblo ruins, 77-89; occupied northern frontier of the Mexican race, 68, 217-18; unlike the wild Indians, 67-8.

Quiches, notices of, 193.

Quippus, Peruvian, 254-5.

Quirigua, its ruins like those of Copan, but older, 114; it is greatly decayed, 117; has inscriptions, 117.

Quito subjugated by Huayna-Capac, 225; was civilized like Peru, 270; modern traveler's remark on, 276.

Savage theory of human history, 182.

"Semi-Village Indians," 67, 68.

Serpent, figures of, 28; great serpent inclosure, 28.

Simpson, Lieut., describes a Pueblo ruin, 88, 89.

Spinning and weaving in Peru, 247; vestiges of these arts among the Mound-Builders, 41; the Mayas had textile fabrics, 209.

Squier on the Aztecs, 92; on the more southern ruins in Central America, 123, 124; on the monoliths of Copan, 112; on Central American forests, 94; on the ruins of Tiahuanaco, 234.

Telescopic tubes of the Mound-Builders, 42; silver figure of a Peruvian using such a tube, 254; such a tube on a Mexican monument, 123.

"Tennis Court" at Chichen-Itza, 142.

Titicaca Lake, its elevation above sea-level, 236.

Tlascalans, what Cortez found among them, 210; their capital, 211; aided the Spaniards, 211.

Toltecs identified with the Mound-Builders, 201-205; how they came to Mexico, 201, 202; date of their migration, 204. See Huehue Tlapalan.

Tuloom, in Yucatan, 150.

Uxmal described, 131-137; more modern than Palenque, 155; partly inhabited, perhaps, when Cortez invaded Mexico, 131, 155.

Valley of Rio Verde, its ruins, 82, 85.

Wallace, A. R., on ruins in Java, 168-9.

Welsh, the, in America, 285-7; Prince Madog's emigration, 285; his colony supposed to have been destroyed or absorbed by the Indians, 286; letter of Rev. Morgan Jones on his "travels" among the Doeg Indians who spoke Welsh, 286-7.

Whipple, Lieut., on Pueblo ruins, 78-85.

Whittlesey on the ancient mining, 46, 54.

Wilson's discoveries in Ecuador, 274-5.

Writing, phonetic, among the Mayas, 187-91; Aztec writing much ruder, 221; writing in Peru, 254-6, 267; Peruvian books of hieroglyphics, 256; such writing on a llama skin found at Lake Titicaca, 256.

Xibalba, an ancient Colhuan kingdom, where it was situated, 199; subjugated by the Toltecs, 199.

Ximenes, Father Francisco, his manuscript work on Guatemala, 191-2; his dictionary of the native tongues, 192; discovered and translated "Popol Vuh," 192.

Xochicalco, its pyramidal temple situated on an excavated and chambered hill, 89, 90.

Yucatan, its native name is Maya, 125; what is seen at Mayapan, 127, 128; the old edifices at Uxmal, 131-137; very ancient ruins at Kabah, 137-139; curious construction at Chichen-Itza, 142; remarkable remains at Ake, 144; aguadas in Yucatan, 145, 146; subterranean reservoirs, 146; Merida built on the site of a ruined city, 126; what the Spaniards saw when they first sailed along its coast, 163, 210.

Zuni, an inhabited Pueblo described by Lieut. Whipple, 79, 80; ruins of an "old Zuni" near it, 80, 81.

THE END.



Transcriber's Note

The following errors were found:

Page Error TN-1 ix Quiragua should read Quirigua TN-2 xi Los Monjas should read Las Monjas TN-3 124 of "great size." should read of 'great size.'" TN-4 158 sufficently should read sufficiently TN-5 280 there two years. should read there two years." TN-6 286 communicated should read communication TN-7 296 Herrara should read Herrera TN-8 297 El Masudi should read El Mas'udi

The following words were inconsistently spelled or hyphenated:

Cholula / Cholulu Chiapa / Chiapas Inca-Rocca / Inca-Rocco Mesantla / Misantla Popol-Vuh / Popol Vuh

THE END