1848—Luke Herbert is granted the first English patent on a coffee-grinding machine.

1849—Apoleoni Preterre, Havre, is granted a patent in England on a coffee roaster mounted on a weighing apparatus to indicate loss of weight in roasting, and automatically to stop the roasting process.

1849—Thomas R. Wood of Cincinnati is granted a United States patent on Wood's improved spherical coffee roaster for use on kitchen stoves.

1850—John Gordon & Co. begin the manufacture of coffee-plantation machinery in London.

1850[L]—The cultivation of coffee is introduced into Guatemala.

1850[L]—John Walker introduces his cylinder pulper for coffee plantations.

1852—Edward Gee secures a patent in England for an improved combination of apparatus for roasting coffee; having a perforated cylinder fitted with inclined flanges for turning the beans while roasting.

1852—Robert Bowman Tennent is granted a patent in England on a two-cylinder machine for pulping coffee. Others follow.

1852—Coffee cultivation is introduced into Salvador from Cuba.

1852—Tavernier is granted a French patent on a coffee tablet.

1853—Lacassagne and Latchoud are granted a French patent on liquid and solid extracts of coffee.

1855—C.W. Van Vliet, Fishkill Landing, N.Y., is granted a patent on a household coffee mill employing upper breaking, and lower grinding, cones. Assigned to Charles Parker, Meriden, Conn.

1856—Waite and Sener's Old Dominion pot is patented in the United States.

1857—The Newell patents on coffee-cleaning machinery are issued in America. Sixteen patents follow.

1857—George L. Squier, Buffalo, N.Y., begins the manufacture of coffee-plantation machinery.

1859—John Gordon, London, is granted an English patent on a coffee pulper.

1860[L]—Osborn's Celebrated Prepared Java coffee, the pioneer ground-coffee package, is put on the New York market by Lewis A. Osborn.

1860—Marcus Mason, an American mechanical engineer in San Jose, Costa Rica, invents the Mason pulper and cleaner.

1860—John Walker is granted a patent in England on a disk pulper for pulping Arabian coffee.

1860—Alexius Van Gulpen begins the manufacture of a green-coffee-grading machine at Emmerich, Germany.

1861—An import duty of four cents a pound on coffee is imposed by the United States as a war-revenue measure.

1862—The import duty on coffee in the United States is increased to five cents a pound.

1862—The first paper-bag factory in the United States, making bags for loose coffee, begins operation in Brooklyn.

1862—E.J. Hyde, Philadelphia, is granted a United States patent on a combined coffee roaster and stove, fitted with a crane on which the roasting cylinder is revolved and swung out horizontally from the stove.

1864—Jabez Burns, New York, is granted a United States patent on the Burns coffee roaster, the first machine that did not have to be moved away from the fire for discharging the roasted coffee—marking a distinct advance in the manufacture of coffee-roasting apparatus.

1864—James Henry Thompson. Hoboken, and John Lidgerwood, Morristown, N.J., are granted an English patent on a coffee-hulling machine.

1865—John Arbuckle introduces to the trade at Pittsburgh roasted coffee in individual packages, the forerunner of the Ariosa package.

1866—William Van Vleek Lidgerwood, American charge d'affaires, Rio de Janeiro, is granted an English patent on a coffee-hulling-and-cleaning machine.

1867—Jabez Burns is granted United States patents on a coffee cooler, a coffee mixer, and a grinding mill, or granulator.

1868—Thomas Page, New York, begins the manufacture of a pull-out coffee roaster similar to the Carter machine.

1868—Alexius Van Gulpen, in partnership with J.H. Lensing and Theodore von Gimborn, begins the manufacture of coffee-roasting machines at Emmerich, Germany.

1868—E.B. Manning, Middletown, Conn., patents his tea-and-coffee pot in the United States.

1868—John Arbuckle is granted a United States patent for a roasted-coffee coating consisting of Irish moss, isinglass, gelatin, sugar, and eggs.

1869—Elie Moneuse and L. Duparquet, New York, are granted three United States patents on a coffee pot, or urn, formed of sheet copper and lined with pure sheet block tin.

1869—B.G. Arnold, New York, engineers the first large green-coffee speculation; his success as an operator winning for him the title of King of the Coffee Trade.

1869—Henry E. Smyser, assignor to the Weikel & Smith Spice Co., Philadelphia, is granted his first United States patent on a spice box used also for coffee.

1869—Licenses to sell coffee in London are abolished.

1869—The coffee-leaf disease is first noticed in Ceylon.

1870—John Gulick Baker, Philadelphia, one of the founders of the Enterprise Manufacturing Co. of Pennsylvania, is granted a patent on a coffee grinder introduced to the trade by the Enterprise Manufacturing Co. as its Champion No. 1 mill.

1870—Delephine, Sr., Marourme, is granted a French patent on a tubular coffee roaster that turns over the flame.

1870—Alexius Van Gulpen, Emmerich, Germany, brings out a globular coffee roaster having perforations and an exhauster.

1870—Thos. Smith & Son, Glasgow, Scotland, (Elkington & Co., successors), begin the manufacture of the Napierian vacuum coffee-making machines for brewing coffee by distillation.

1870—First United States trade-mark for essence of coffee is registered by Butler, Earhart & Co., Columbus, Ohio.

1870—The first coffee-valorization enterprise in Brazil results in failure.

1871—J.W. Gillies, New York, is granted two patents in the United States for roasting and treating coffee by subjecting it to an intervening cooling operation.

1871—First United States trade-mark for coffee is issued to Butler, Earhart & Co., Columbus, Ohio, for Buckeye, first used 1870.

1871—G.W. Hungerford is granted United States patents on coffee-cleaning-and-polishing machines.

1871—The import duty on coffee in the United States is reduced to three cents a pound.

1872—Jabez Burns, New York, is granted a United States patent on an improved coffee-granulating mill. Another in 1874.

1872—J. Guardiola, Chocola, Guatemala, is granted his first United States patents on a coffee pulper and a coffee drier.

1872—The import duty on coffee in the United States is repealed.

1872—Robert Hewitt, Jr., New York, publishes the first American work on coffee, Coffee: Its History, Cultivation, and Uses.

1873—J.G. Baker, Philadelphia, assignor of the Enterprise Manufacturing Co. of Pennsylvania, is granted a United States patent on a grinding mill later known to the trade as Enterprise Champion Globe No. 0.

1873—Marcus Mason begins the manufacture of coffee-plantation machinery in the United States.

1873—Ariosa, first successful national brand of package coffee is put on the United States market by John Arbuckle of Pittsburgh. (Registered 1900.)

1873—H.C. Lockwood, Baltimore, is granted a United States patent on a coffee package made of paper and lined with tin-foil, with false bottom and top.

1873—The first international syndicate to control coffee is organized in Frankfort, Germany, by the German Trading Company, and operates successfully for eight years.

1873—The Jay Cooke stock-market panic causes the price of Rios in the New York market to drop from twenty-four cents to fifteen cents in one day.

1873—E. Dugdale, Griffin, Ga., is granted two United States patents on coffee substitutes.

1873—The first "coffee palace," the Edinburgh Castle, designed to replace public-houses for workingmen, is opened in London.

1874—John Arbuckle is granted a United States patent on a coffee-cleaner-and-grader.

1875—Coffee cultivation is introduced into Guatemala.

1875-76-78—Turner Strowbridge, of New Brighton, Pa., is granted three United States patents on a box coffee mill first made by Logan & Strowbridge.

1876—John Manning brings out his valve-type percolator in the United States.

1876-78—Henry B. Stevens, Buffalo, assignor to George L. Squier, Buffalo, is granted important United States patents on coffee-cleaning-and-grading machines.

1877—The first German patent on a commercial coffee roaster is issued in Berlin to G. Tuberman's Son.

1877—A French patent is granted Marchand and Hignette, Paris, on a sphere or ball coffee roaster.

1877—The first French patent on a gas coffee roaster is issued to Roure of Marseilles.

1878—Coffee cultivation is introduced into British Central Africa.

1878—The Spice Mill, the first paper in America devoted to the coffee and spice trades, is founded by Jabez Burns of New York.

1878—A United States patent is issued to Rudolphus L. Webb, assignor to Landers, Frary & Clark of New Britain, Conn., on an improved box coffee grinder for home use.

1878—Chase & Sanborn, the Boston coffee roasters, are the first to pack and ship roasted coffee in sealed containers.

1878—John C. Dell, Philadelphia, is granted a United States patent on a coffee mill for store use.

1879—H. Faulder, Stockport, Lancaster, Eng., is granted an English patent on the first English gas coffee roaster, now made by the Grocers Engineering & Whitmee, Ltd.

1879—A new gas coffee roaster is invented in England by Fleury & Barker.

1879—C.F. Hargreaves, Rio de Janeiro, is granted an English patent on machinery for hulling, polishing, and separating coffee.

1879—Charles Halstead, New York, is the first to bring out a metal coffee pot with a china interior.

1879-80—Orson W. Stowe, of the Peck, Stowe & Wilcox Co., Southington, Conn., is granted United States patents on an improved coffee and spice mill.

1880—Great failures in the American coffee trade as a result of syndicate planting and buying of coffees in Brazil, Mexico, and Central America.

1880—Coffee pots with tops, having muslin bottoms for clarifying and straining, are first made by Duparquet, Huot & Moneuse Co. in the United States.

1880—Peter Pearson, Manchester, Eng., is granted a patent in England on a coffee roaster wherein gas is substituted for coke as fuel.

1880—Henry E. Smyser, Philadelphia, is granted a United States patent on a package-making-and-filling machine, forerunner of the weighing-and-packing machine, the control of which by John Arbuckle led to the coffee-sugar war with the Havemeyers.

1880—Fancy paper bags for coffee are first used in Germany.

1880-81—G.W. and G.S. Hungerford are granted United States patents on machines for cleaning, scouring, and polishing coffee.

1880-81—The first big coffee-trade combination in North America, known as the "trinity" (O.G. Kimball, B.G. Arnold and Bowie Dash, all of New York), has a sensational collapse, its failure being the result of syndicate planting and buying of coffees in Brazil, Mexico, and Central America.

1881—Steele & Price, Chicago, are the first to introduce all-paper cans (made of strawboard) for coffee.

1881—C.S. Phillips, Brooklyn, is granted three patents in the United States for aging and maturing coffee.

1881—The Emmericher Machinenfabrik und Eisengiesserei at Emmerich, Germany, begins the manufacture of a closed globular roaster with a gas-heater attachment.

1881—Jabez Burns is granted a United States patent on an improved construction of his roaster, comprising a turn-over front head, serving for both feeding and discharging.

1881—The Morgan brothers, Edgar H. and Charles, begin the manufacture of household coffee mills, subsequently acquired (1885) by the Arcade Manufacturing Co., Freeport, Ill.

1881—Francis B. Thurber, New York, publishes the second important American work on coffee, Coffee from Plantation to Cup.

1881—Harvey Ricker, Brooklyn, introduces to the trade a "minute" coffee pot and urn, known as the Boss, name subsequently changed to Minute, and later improved and patented (1901) as the Half Minute coffee pot—a filtration device employing a cotton sack with a thick bottom.

1881—New York Coffee Exchange is incorporated.

1882—Chris. Abele, New York, is granted a atent in the United States on an improvement on a coffee roaster, similar to the original Burns machine (on which the 1864 patent had expired) known as the Knickerbocker.

1882—The Hungerfords, father and son, bring out a coffee roaster, similar to the first Burns machine, in competition with Chris. Abele.

1882—A German patent is granted to Emil Newstadt, Berlin, on one of the earliest coffee-extract-making machines.

1882—The first French coffee exchange, or terminal market, is opened at Havre.

1882—New York Coffee Exchange begins business.

1883—The Burns Improved Sample Coffee Roaster is patented in the United States by Jabez Burns.

1884—The Star coffee pot, later known as the Marion Harland, is introduced to the trade.

1884—The Chicago Liquid Sack Co. introduces the first combination paper and tin-end can for coffee in the United States.

1885—F.A. Cauchois introduces into the United States market an improved porcelain-lined coffee urn.

1885—Property of New York Coffee Exchange is transferred to the Coffee Exchange, City of New York, incorporated by special charter.

1880—Walker, Sons & Co., Ltd., begin experiments in Ceylon with a Liberian disk coffee pulper; fully perfected in 1898.

1886-88—The "great coffee boom" forces the price of Rio 7's from seven and a half to twenty-two and a quarter cents, the subsequent panic reducing the price to nine cents. Total sales on the New York Coffee Exchange.

1887-88, amount to 47,868,750 bags; and prices advance 1,485 points during 1886-87.

1887—Beeston Tupholme, London, is granted a patent in England on a direct-flame gas coffee roaster.

1887—Coffee cultivation is introduced into Tonkin, Indo-China.

1887—Coffee exchanges are opened in Amsterdam and Hamburg.

1888—Evaristo Conrado Engelberg, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, is granted a United States patent on a coffee-hulling machine (invented in 1885); and the same year, the Engelberg Huller Co., Syracuse, N.Y., is organized for the purpose of manufacturing and selling Engelberg machines.

1888—Karel F. Henneman, the Hague, Netherlands, is granted a patent in Spain on a direct-flame gas coffee roaster.

1888—A French patent is granted to Postulart on a gas roaster.

1889—David Fraser, who came to the United States in 1886 from Glasgow, Scotland, establishes the Hungerford Co., succeeding to the business of the Hungerfords.

1889—The Arcade Manufacturing Co., Freeport, Ill., brings out the first "pound" coffee mill.

1889—Karel F. Henneman, the Hague, Netherlands, is granted patents in Belgium, France, and England, on his direct-flame gas coffee roaster.

1889—C.A. Otto is granted a German patent on a spiral-coil gas coffee machine to roast coffee in three and a half minutes.

1890—A. Mottant, Bar-le-Duc, France, begins the manufacture of coffee-roasting machines.

1890[L]—Coffee exchanges are opened in Antwerp, London, and Rotterdam.

1890—Sigmund Kraut begins the manufacture of fancy grease-proof paper-lined coffee bags in Berlin.

1891—The New England Automatic Weighing Machine Co., Boston, begins the manufacture of machines to weigh coffee into cartons and other packages.

1891—R.F.E. O'Krassa; Antigua, Guatemala, is granted an important English patent on a machine for pulping coffee.

1891—John List, Black Heath, Kent, Eng., is granted an English patent on a steam coffee urn described as an improvement on the Napierian system.

1892—T. von Gimborn, Emmerich, Germany, is granted an English patent on a coffee roaster employing a naked gas flame in a rotary cylinder.

1892—The Fried. Krupp A.G. Grusonwerk, Magdeburg-Buckau, Germany, begins the manufacture of coffee-plantation machinery.

1893—Cirilo Mingo, New Orleans, is granted a United States patent on a process for maturing, or aging, green coffee beans by moistening the bags.

1893—The first direct-flame gas coffee roaster in America (Tupholme's English machine) is installed by F.T. Holmes at the plant of the Potter-Parlin Co., New York, which places similar machines on daily rental basis throughout the United States, limiting leases to one firm in a city, obtaining exclusive American rights from the Waygood, Tupholme Co., now the Grocers Engineering & Whitmee, Ltd., London.

1893—Karel F. Hennemann, the Hague, Netherlands, is granted a United States patent on his direct-flame gas coffee roaster.

1894—The first automatic weighing machine to weigh goods in cartons is installed in the plant of Chase & Sanborn, Boston.

1894—Joseph M. Walsh, Philadelphia, publishes his Coffee; Its History, Classification and Description.

1895—Gerritt C. Otten and Karel F. Henneman, the Hague, Netherlands, are granted a United States patent on a coffee roaster.

1895—Adolph Kraut introduces German-made double (grease-proof lined) paper bags for coffee in America.

1895—Marcus Mason, assignor to Marcus Mason & Co., New York, is granted United States patents on machines for pulping and polishing coffee.

1895—Thomas M. Royal, Philadelphia, is the first to manufacture in the United States a fancy duplex-lined paper bag.

1895—Edelestan Jardin publishes in Paris a work on coffee, entitled Le Cafeier et le Cafe.

1895—The Electric Scale Co., Quincy, Mass., begins the manufacture of pneumatic weighing machines; business continued by the Pneumatic Scale Corp., Ltd., Norfolk Downs, Mass.

1896—Natural gas is first used in the United States as fuel for roasting, being introduced under coal roasting cylinders in Pennsylvania and Indiana by improvised gas-burners.

1896-1897—Beeston Tupholme is granted United States patents on his direct-flame gas coffee roaster.

1897—Joseph Lambert of Vermont begins the manufacture and sale in Battle Creek, Mich., of the Lambert self-contained coffee roaster without the brick setting then required for coffee roasting machines.

1897—A special gas burner (made the basis of application for patent) is first attached to a regular Burns roaster.

1897—The Enterprise Manufacturing Co., Pennsylvania, is the first regularly to employ electric motors for driving commercial coffee mills by means of belt-and-pulley attachments.

1897—Carl H. Duehring, Hoboken, N.J., assignor to D.B. Fraser, New York, is granted a United States patent on a coffee roaster.

1898—The Hobart Manufacturing Co., Troy, Ohio, puts on the market one of the first coffee grinders connected with an electric motor and driven by a belt-and-pulley attachment.

1898—Millard F. Hamsley, Brooklyn, is granted a United States patent on an improved direct-flame gas coffee roaster.

1898—Edwin Norton of New York is granted a United States patent on a vacuum process of canning foods, later applied to coffee. Others follow.

1898—J.D. Olavarria, a distinguished Venezuelan, first advocates a plan for restriction of coffee production, and for regulation of coffee exports from countries suffering from overproduction.

1898—A bear campaign forces Rio 7's down to four and a half cents on the New York Coffee Exchange.

1899—The bubonic-plague boom temporarily halts the downward trend of coffee prices.

1899—The Canister Co., Phillipsburg, N.J., begins the manufacture of square and oblong fiber-bodied tin-end cans for coffee.

1899—Soluble coffee is invented in Chicago by Dr. Sartori Kato, a chemist of Tokio.

1899—David B. Fraser, New York, is granted two patents in the United States, one for a coffee roaster and one for a coffee cooler.

1899—Ellis M. Potter, New York, is granted a United States patent on a direct-flame gas coffee roasting machine embodying certain improvements on the Tupholme machine, whereby the gas flame is spread over a large area, so avoiding scorching and securing a more thorough and uniform roast.

1900—The Burns direct-flame gas coffee roaster with a patented swing-gate head for feeding and discharging at the center, is first introduced to the trade.

1900—First gear-driven electric coffee grinder is introduced into the United States market by the Enterprise Manufacturing Co. of Pennsylvania.

1900—The Burns swing-gate sample-coffee roasting outfit is patented in the United States.

1900—Hills Bros., San Francisco, are the first to pack coffee in a vacuum under the Norton patents.

1900—Charles Morgan, Freeport, Ill., is granted a United States patent on a glass-jar coffee mill, with removable glass measuring cup.

1900—R.F.E. O'Krassa, Antigua, Guatemala, is granted an English and a United States patents on machines for shelling and drying coffee.

1900—Chemically purified and neutralized rosin as a glaze (harz-glasur) for roasted coffee, designed to keep it fresh and palatable, is first discovered and applied in Germany.

1900—Charles Lewis is granted a United States patent on his Kin Hee filter coffee pot.

1900-1901—A new era in coffee is inaugurated when Santos permanently displaces Rio as the world's largest source of supply.

1901—Kato's soluble coffee is put on the United States market by the Kato Coffee Company at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo.

1901—American Can Co. begins the manufacture and sale of tin coffee cans in the United States.

1901—Improved all-paper cans for coffee (made of strawboard or chip-board, plain or manila-lined) are introduced into the United States market by J.H. Kuechenmeister of St. Louis.

1901—The first issue of The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, devoted to the interests of the tea and coffee trades, appears in New York.

1901—Coffee cultivation is introduced into British East Africa from Reunion Island.

1901—Robert Burns of New York is granted two United States patents on a coffee roaster and cooler.

1901—Joseph Lambert of Marshall, Mich., introduces to the trade in the United States a gas coffee roaster, one of the earliest machines employing gas as fuel for indirect roasting.

1901—T.C. Morewood, Brentford, Middlesex, Eng., is granted an English patent on a gas coffee roaster with a removable sampling tube.

1901—F.T. Holmes joins the Huntley Manufacturing Co., Silver Creek, N.Y., which then begins to build the Monitor coffee roaster for the trade.

1901—Landers, Frary & Clark's Universal percolator is patented in the United States.

1902—The Coles Manufacturing Co. (Braun Co., successors) and Henry Troemner, Philadelphia, begin the manufacture and sale of gear-driven electric coffee grinders.

1902—The Pan-American Congress, meeting in Mexico City, proposes an international congress for the study of coffee, to meet in New York, October, 1902.

1902—An international coffee congress is held in New York, October 1 to October 30.

1902—Robusta coffee is introduced into Java from the Jardin Botanique at Brussels.

1902—The first fancy duplex paper bag made by machinery from a roll of paper is produced by the Union Bag & Paper Corp.

1902—The Jagenberg Machine Co. begins the introduction into the United States of a line of German-made automatic packaging-and-labeling machines for coffee.

1902—T.K. Baker, Minneapolis, is granted two United States patents on a cloth-filter coffee maker.

1903—A United States patent on a coffee concentrate and process of making the same (soluble coffee) is granted to Sartori Kato of Chicago, assignor to the Kato Coffee Company of Chicago.

1903—F.A. Cauchois introduces Coffey's soluble coffee to the United States coffee trade, the product being ground roasted coffee mixed with sugar and reduced to a powder.

1903—Overproduction in Brazil causes Santos 4's to drop to 3.55 cents on the New York Exchange, the lowest price ever recorded for coffee.

1903—John Arbuckle, New York, is granted a United States patent on a coffee-roasting apparatus, employing a fan to force the "hot fire gases" into the roasting cylinder.

1903—George C. Lester, New York, is granted a United States patent on an electric coffee roaster.

1904—Dr. E. Denekamp is granted a United States patent on a rosin glaze for roasted coffee, designed to preserve its flavor and aroma.

1904—The so-called "cotton crowd," under the leadership of D.J. Sully, forces green-coffee prices up to 11.85 cents, all records for business on the New York Coffee Exchange being smashed by the sale of over a million bags on February 5.

1904—Sigmund Sternau, J.P. Steppe, and L. Strassberger, assignors to S. Sternau & Co., New York, are granted a United States patent on a coffee percolator.

1904-05—Douglas Gordon, assignor to Marcus Mason & Co., New York, is granted United States patents on a coffee pulper and a coffee drier.

1905—The A.J. Deer Co., Buffalo (now at Hornell, N.Y.), begins the sale of its Royal electric coffee mills direct to dealers, on the instalment plan, revolutionizing the former practise of selling coffee mills through the hardware jobbers.

1905—The Henneman direct-flame gas coffee roaster, a Dutch machine, is introduced into the United States market by C.A. Cross, Fitchburg, Mass.

1905—H.L. Johnston is granted a United States patent on a coffee mill which he assigns to the Hobart Manufacturing Co., Troy, Ohio.

1905—Frederick A. Cauchois introduces his Private Estate coffee maker, a filtration device employing Japanese filter paper.

1905—Finley Acker, Philadelphia, is granted a United States patent on a coffee percolator, employing "porous or bibulous paper" as a filtering medium and having side perforations.

1905—A coffee exchange is opened in Trieste, Austria-Hungary.

1905—The Kaffee-Handels Aktiengesellschaft, Bremen, is granted a German patent on a process for freeing coffee from caffein.

1906—H.D. Kelly, Kansas City, Mo., is granted a United States patent on the Kellum Thermo Automatic coffee urn, employing a coffee extractor in which the ground coffee is continually agitated before percolation by a vacuum process. Sixteen patents follow.

1906—G. Washington, an American chemist (born in Belgium of English parents), living temporarily in Guatemala City, invents a refined (soluble) coffee.

1906—Frank T. Holmes, Brooklyn (assignor to the Huntley Manufacturing Co.), is granted a patent for an improvement on a coffee-roasting machine.

1906—Captain Moegling's electric-fuel coffee roaster, invented in 1900, is given a practical demonstration in Germany.

1906—Ludwig Schmidt, assignor to the Essmueller Mill Furnishing Co., St. Louis, is granted a United States patent on a coffee roaster.

1906-07—Brazil produces a record-breaking crop of 20,190,000 bags, and the State of Sao Paulo inaugurates a plan to valorize coffee.

1907—The Pure Food and Drugs Act comes into force in the United States, making it obligatory to label all coffees correctly.

1907—Desiderio Pavoni, Milan, is granted a patent in Italy for an improvement on the Bezzara system of preparing and serving coffee as a rapid infusion of a single cup.

1907—P.E. Edtbauer (Mrs. E. Edtbauer), Chicago, is granted a United States patent on a duplex automatic weighing machine, the first simple, fast, accurate, and moderate-priced machine for weighing coffee.

1908—Dr. John Friederick Meyer, Jr., Ludwig Roselius, and Karl Heinrich Wimmer, are granted a United States patent on a process for freeing coffee of caffein.

1908—Brazil begins a propaganda for coffee in England by subsidizing an English company organized for that purpose.

1908—Porto Rico coffee planters present a memorial to the Congress of the United States asking for a protective tariff of six cents a pound on all foreign coffee.

1908—The revivification of the valorization coffee enterprise is accomplished by a combination of bankers and the Brazil Government, with a loan of $75,000,000 placed through Hermann Sielcken with banking houses in England, Germany, France, Belgium, and the United States.

1908—J.C. Prims, of Battle Creek. Mich., patents a corrugated-cylinder improvement for a gas-and-coal coffee roaster of small capacity (50 to 130 pounds) designed for retail stores.

1908—An improved type of Burns roaster, comprising an open perforated cylinder with flexible back head and balanced front bearing, is granted a patent in the United States.

1908—I.D. Richheimer, Chicago, introduces his Tricolator, an improved device employing Japanese filter paper.

1908-11—R.F.E. O'Krassa, Antigua, Guatemala, is granted several English patents on machines for hulling, washing, drying, and separating coffee.

1909—The G. Washington refined (prepared) soluble coffee is put on the United States market.

1909—The A.J. Deer Co. acquires the Prims coffee roaster and re-introduces it to the trade as the Royal coffee roaster.

1909—The Burns tilting sample-coffee roaster is patented in the United States for gas or electric heating units.

1909—Frederick A. Cauchois of New York is granted a United States patent on a coffee urn fitted with a centrifugal pump for repouring.

1909—C.F. Blanke, St. Louis, is granted two United States patents on a china coffee pot with a dripper bag.

1910—The German caffein-free coffee is first introduced to the trade of the United States by Merck & Co., New York, under the brand name Dekafa, later changed to Dekofa.

1910—B. Belli publishes in Milan, Italy, a work on coffee entitled Il Caffe.

1910—Frank Bartz, assignor to the A.J. Deer Co., Hornell, N.Y., is granted two United States patents on flat and concave coffee-grinding disks provided with concentric rows of inclined teeth, used in electric coffee mills.

1911—All-fiber parchment-lined Damptite cans for coffee are introduced by the American Can Company.

1911—The coffee roasters of the United States organize into a national association.

1911—Robert H. Talbutt, Baltimore (assignor to J.E. Baines, trustee, Washington) is granted a United States patent on an electric coffee roaster.

1911—Edward Aborn, New York, introduces his Make-Right coffee filter, and is granted a United States patent on it.

1912—Robert O'Krassa, Antigua, Guatemala, is granted four United States patents on machines for washing, drying, separating, hulling, and polishing coffee.

1912—The C.F. Blanke Tea & Coffee Co., St. Louis, brings out Magic Cup, later known as Faust Soluble, coffee.

1912—The United States government brings suit to force the sale of coffee stocks held in the United States under the valorization agreement.

1912—John E. King, Detroit, is granted a United States patent on an improved coffee percolator employing a filter-paper attachment.

1913—F.F. Wear, Los Angeles, Cal., perfects a coffee-making device in which a metal perforated clamp is employed to apply a filter paper to the under side of an English earthenware adaptation of the French drip pot.

1913—F. Lehnhoff Wyld, Guatemala City, and E.T. Cabarrus organize the "Societe du Cafe Soluble Belna," Brussels, Belgium, to put on the European market a refined soluble coffee under the brand name Belna.

1913—Herbert L. Johnston, assignor to the Hobart Electric Manufacturing Co., Troy, Ohio, is granted a United States patent on a machine for refining coffee.

1914—The Association Nationale du Commerce des Cafes is established at 5 Place Jules Ferry, Havre, to protect the interests of the coffee trade of all France.

1914—The Kaffee Hag Corporation, capital $1,000,000, is organized in New York to continue marketing in the United States the German caffein-free coffee under its original German brand name.

1914—Robert Burns of New York, assignor to Jabez Burns & Sons, is granted a United States patent on a coffee-granulating mill.

1914—The Phylax coffee maker, employing an improved French-drip principle, is introduced to the trade by the Phylax Coffee Maker Co., Detroit (succeeded in 1922 by the Phylax Company of Pennsylvania).

1914—The first national coffee week is promoted in the United States by the National Coffee Roasters Association.

1914-15—Herbert Galt, Chicago, is granted three United States patents on the Galt coffee pot, all aluminum, having two parts, a removable cylinder employing the French-drip principle, and the containing pot.

1915—The Burns Jubilee (inner-heated) gas coffee roaster is patented in the United States and put on the market.

1915—The National Coffee Roasters Association Home coffee mill, employing a set screw operating on a cog-and-ratchet principle, is introduced to the trade.

1915—The second national coffee week is held in the United States under the auspices of the National Coffee Roasters Association.

1916—The Federal Tin Co. begins the manufacture of tin coffee containers for use in connection with automatic packing machines.

1916—The National Paper Can Co., Milwaukee, introduces to the United States trade a new hermetically sealed all-paper can for coffee.

1916—A United States patent is granted to I.D. Richheimer, Chicago, for an improvement on his Tricolator.

1916—The Coffee Trade Association, London, is formed to include brokers, merchants, and wholesale dealers.

1916—The Coffee Exchange, City of New York, changes its name to the New York Coffee and Sugar Exchange, admitting sugar trading.

1916—Saul Blickman, assignor to S. Blickman, New York, is granted a United States patent on an apparatus for making and dispensing coffee.

1916—Orville W. Chamberlain, New Orleans, is granted a United States patent on an automatic drip coffee pot.

1916—Jules Le Page, Darlington, Ind., is granted two United States patents on cutting-rolls to cut, and not to grind or crush, coffee, later marketed by the B.F. Gump Co., Chicago, as the Ideal steel-cut coffee mill.

1916-17—The first hermetically-sealed all-paper cans for coffee are introduced to the United States trade, patented in 1919 by the National Paper Can Co., Milwaukee.

1917—The Baker Importing Co., Minneapolis and New York, puts on the United States market Barrington Hall soluble coffee.

1917—Richard A. Greene and William G. Burns, New York, assignors to Jabez Burns & Sons, are granted patents in the United States on the Burns flexible-arm cooler (for roasted batches), providing full fan-suction connection to a cooler box at all points in its track travel.

1918—John E. King, Detroit, Mich., is granted a United States patent on an irregular-grind of coffee, consisting of coarsely grinding ten percent of the product and finely grinding ninety percent.

1918—The Charles G. Hires Co., Philadelphia, brings out Hires soluble coffee.

1918—I.D. Richheimer, promoter of the original soluble coffee of Kato, and the Kato patent, organizes the Soluble Coffee Company of America to supply soluble coffee to the American army overseas; after the armistice, licensing other merchants under the Kato patents, or offering to process the merchants' own coffee for them, if desired.

1918—The United States government places coffee importers, brokers, jobbers, roasters, and wholesalers under a war-time licensing system to control imports and prices.

1918-19—The United States government coffee control results in the accumulation at Brazil ports of more than 9,000,000 bags; in spite of which, Brazil speculators force Brazil grades up 75 to 100 percent., costing United States traders millions of dollars.

1919—The Kaffee Hag Corporation becomes Americanized by the sale of 5,000 shares of its stock sold by the alien property custodian and by the purchase of the remaining 5,000 shares by George Gund, Cleveland, Ohio.

1919—William A. Hamor and Charles W. Trigg, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignors to John E. King, Detroit, Mich., are granted a United States patent on a process for making a new soluble coffee. The process consists in bringing the volatilized caffeol in contact with a petrolatum absorbing medium, where it is held until needed for combination with the evaporated coffee extract.

1919—Floyd W. Robison, Detroit, is granted a United States patent on a process for aging green coffee by treating it with micro-organisms to improve its flavor and to increase its extractive value. The product is put on the market as Cultured coffee.

1919—William Fullard, Philadelphia, is granted a United States patent on a "heated fresh air system" for roasting coffee.

1919—A million-dollar propaganda for coffee is begun in the United States by Brazil planters in co-operation with a joint coffee-trade publicity committee.

1920—The third national coffee week is observed in the United States, this time under the auspices of the Joint Coffee Trade Publicity Committee.

1920—Edward Aborn, New York, is granted a United States patent on a Tru-Bru coffee pot, a device embodying striking improvements on the French filter principle.

1920—Alfredo M. Salazar, New York, is granted a United States patent on a coffee urn in which the coffee is made at the time of serving by using steam pressure to force the boiling water through the ground coffee held in a cloth sack attached to the faucet.

1920—William H. Pisani, assignor to M.J. Brandenstein & Co., San Francisco, is granted a United States patent on a vacuum process for packing roasted coffee.

1921—The Comite Francais du Cafe is founded in France to increase the consumption of coffee.

1922—The Sao Paulo legislature at the solicitation of the Sociedade Promotora da Defeza do Cafe passes a bill increasing the export tax on coffee from Santos to 200 reis per bag to continue the propaganda for coffee in the United States for three years.

[L] Approximate Date.

[M] Legendary.



A COFFEE BIBLIOGRAPHY

A list of references gathered from the principal general and scientific libraries—Arranged in alphabetic order of topics

TOPICS AND SUBDIVISIONS

ADULTERATION BOARD OF HEALTH REGULATIONS BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS, GENERAL CAFFEIN CAFFEIN-FREE COFFEE CAFFEOL GREEN COFFEE ROASTED COFFEE CHICORY CHICORY IN COFFEE COFFEE HOUSES CULTURE AND PREPARATION GENERAL REGIONAL SOILS DISEASES AND ENEMIES GENERAL WORKS LITERATURE, POETRY, ROMANCE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES BREWING GLAZING MISCELLANEOUS MODIFICATIONS POLISHING AND COLORING ROASTING AND GRINDING MEDICINAL QUALITIES AND USES ANTISEPTIC AND DISINFECTANT GENERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS GENERAL USE AND MISUSE OF CAFFEIN-FREE COFFEE OF CHEWING COFFEE OF DIFFERENT CONSTITUENTS OF GREEN COFFEE OF LEAVES OF COFFEE TREE OF ROASTED COFFEE OF SMOKING COFFEE ON CHILDREN ON DIFFERENT ORGANS AND SYSTEMS SUBSTITUTES GENERAL MALT COFFEE TAXATION, JURISPRUDENCE, ETC. TRADE AND STATISTICS EXCHANGE TABLES GENERAL REGIONAL VALORIZATION

ADULTERATION

ADULTERATION of coffee. Report of the proceedings of a public meeting held at the London Tavern, March 10, 1851. London, 1851.

DAFERT, FRANZ W. Las sustancias minerales del cafeto. San Jose, 1896. 33 pp. Also, Anales del Instituto medico nacional, 1897, III: 25, 41, 62, 78.

GRAHAM, T. and others. Chemical report on the mode of detecting vegetable substances mixed with coffee for purposes of adulteration. London, 1852. 22 pp. (Board of Inland Revenue).

LES FRAUDES du cafe devoilees per un amateur. Paris.

SIMMONDS, P.L. Coffee as it is and as it ought to be. London, 1850.

Periodicals

BERTARELLI, E. Su una sofisticazione del caffe torrefatto mediante aggiunta di acqua e borace. Giornale di Farmacia, 1900, 338-343. Also, Rivista d'Igiene e Sanita pubblica, 1900, XI: 467-472.

CABALLERO, F.G. Inconvenientes del uso del cafe puro y del que se toma con leche; sofisticacion de los componentes de esta bebida, etc. Boletin de Medicina y Cirugia, 1851, 2 ser. I: 177-185.

CASANA, J. Acerca del producto llamado legumina y sofisticaciones del cafe. Anales de la real Academia de Medicina, 1905, XXX: 359-364.

CHIAPPELLA, A.R. Il caffe macinato che si consuma in Firenze—Alcune sofisticazioni non ancora descritte. Annali d'Igiene sperimentale, 1904, n. s. XIV: 427-448.

—— Le sofisticazioni del caffe che si consuma in Firenze. Societa toscana d'Igiene, 1905, n. s. V: 110-116.

CHEVALLIER, J.B. Cafe indigene. Annales d'Hygiene, 1853, XLIX: 408-412.

COFFEE and its adulterations. Lancet, 1851, I: 21, 465; 1853, I: 390, 477; 1857, I: 195. Also, Pharmaceutical Journal, 10: 394-396.

COLLIN, E. Del caffe e sue falsificazioni. Giornale di Farmacia, di Chimica e di Scienze affini, 1879, XXVIII: 529-535; 1880, XXIX: 20-22.

CORIEL, F. Analyse d'un cafe artificiel torrefie. Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie, 1897, 6. ser. VI: 106-108.

CRIBB, C.H. Note on (1) samples of coffee containing added starch; (2) a sample of artificial coffee berries. Analyst, 1902, XXVII: 114-116.

CROMBIE, S. Examination of ground coffee as found in shops. Physician and Surgeon, Ann Arbor, 1882, IV: 401.

DOOLITTLE, R.E. Coffee sophistications. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1912, XXIII: Supplement to no. 6, 62-65.

DRAPER, J.C. Coffee and its adulterations. New York Academy of Medicine. Bulletin, 1869, III: 210-218.

DUBRISAY. Falsifications des cafes, procedes employes a cet effet; moyens de reconnaitre et de reprimer la fraude. Recueil des travaux du Comite consultatif d'Hygiene publique de France, 1888, XVIII: 19-33.

DUCROS, H.A. De quelques falsifications du cafe Moka. Institute egypt. Bulletin, 1901, 4. ser. pp. 293-306.

EDSON, C. Report on colored imitation Java coffee. Sanitary Engineer, 1883-4, IX: 614.

ESTUDIO del cafeto. Anales del Instituto medico nacional, 1897, III: 139-144.

FALSIFICATION du cafe. Annales d'Hygiene, 1864, 2. ser. XXII: 437-443.

FRICKE, E. Neuere Kaffeeverfaelschung. Zeitschrift fuer Medizinalbeamte, 1889, II: 178.

GIRARDIN, J. Rapports sur un cafe avarie par l'eau de mer et sur poudre destinee a remplacer le cafe. Annales d'Hygiene, 1834, XI: 87-103.

GRIEBEL, C. and BERGMANN, E. Ueber eine neue Kaffeeverfaelschung. Zeitschrift fuer Untersuchung der Nahrungs- und Genussmittel, 1911, XXI: 481-484.

HARNACK, E. Ueber die besonderen Eigenarten des Kaffeegetraenkes und das Thurmsche Verfahren zur Kaffeereinigung und verbesserung. Muenchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1911, LVIII: 1868-1872.

HARRIS, WILLIAM B. Green and roast coffees, the adulteration and misbranding thereof. American Grocer, 1913, Nov. 19, pp. 19-20.

HESSE, P. Ueber eine Kaffeefarbe. Zeitschrift fuer Untersuchung der Nahrungs- und Genussmittel, 1911 XXI: 220.

JAMMES, L. Le cafe torrefie, en grains, factice. Revue d'Hygiene, 1890, XII: 1044-1050.

MOCHA coffee. Scientific American, 1903, LXXXIX: 81.

MUNITA, V. Apuntes acerca de las adulteraciones del cafe y medios para reconocerlas. La Gaceta de Sanidad militar, 1883, IX: 286, 394.

NOTTBOHM, F.E. and KOCH, E. Arsenhaltige Kaffeeglasierungsmittel. Zeitschrift fuer Untersuchung der Nahrungs- und Genussmittel, 1911, XXI: 288-290.

OTTOLENGHI, D. Sopra una frequente sofistcazione del caffe in polyere. Atti della reale Accademia dei Fisiocritici di Siena, 1903, 4. ser. XV: 381-389.

PARECER do commissao encarregada pela Sociedade pharmaceutica lusitana de investigar se uma determinada especie de cafe e prejudicial a saude 185. Also, Correio medica de Lisboa, 1874, III: 136, 147.

RAUMER, E. VON. Beobachtungen ueber Kaffeeglasuren seit dem Inkrafttreten der Kaffeesteuer. Zeitschrift fuer Untersuchung der Nahrungs-und Genussmittel, 1911, XXI: 102-109.

REISS, F. Ueber eine mechanische Verfaelschung der Kaffeesahne. Zeitschrift fuer Untersuchung der Nahrungs- und Genussmittel, 1906, XI: 391-393.

SOCCIANTI, L. Caffe adulteraro con sostanze nocive. Rivista d'Igiene e Sanita pubblica, 1895, VI: 497-499.

SORMANI. Di un nuova falsificazione del caffe. Giornale della reale Societa italiana d'Igiene, 1882, IV: 401.

SPENCER, G.L. and EWELL, E.E. Tea, coffee, and cocoa preparations. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Division of Chemistry. Bulletin, XIII, pt. 7.

VARIOUS "coffees." Lancet, 1915, II: 1006.

VOGEL VON FERHEIM, A. Zur Frage der Zulaessigkeit der Verwendung der sagenannten tauben oder Strohfeigen bei der Feigen Kaffeefabrikation. Oesterreichische Sanitaetswesen, 1903, XV: 101-102.

WIECHMANN, F. Coffee and its adulterations. School of Mines Quarterly, 1897-8, I: 8-15.

BOARD OF HEALTH REGULATIONS

SCHNEIDER. Der Kaffee, als Gegenstand der medicinischen Polizei. Zeitschrift fuer die Staatsarzneikunde, 1829, IV: 303-327.

SCHUeTZE. Kaffee, Thee und Chocolade, als Nahrungsmittel und in sanitaets-polizeilicher Hinsicht. Viertel jahrsschrift fuer gerichtliche Medizin und oeffentliches Sanitaetswesen, 1860, XVII: 168-228.

WEITENWEBER, W.R. Medicinisch-poliseiliche Bemerkungen ueber den Caffee. Medicinische Jahrbuecher des kaiserl. koenigl. oesterreichischen Staates, 1848, LXVI: 42, 151.

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

COFFEA stenophylla. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bull. of Misc. Information, 1898:27.

COOK, ORATOR FULLER. Dimorphic branches in tropical crop plants: cotton, coffee, cacao, the Central American rubber tree, and the banana. Washington, 1911. 64 pp. (U.S. Plant Industry Bureau. Bulletin, 198.)

DAFERT, FRANZ W. Mittheilung aus dem Landwirthschaftsinstitut des Staates Sao Paulo, Brasilien. Der Nahrstoff des Kaffeebaumes. Landw. Jahrb. 1894, XXIII:27-45.

DOUGLAS, JAMES. Lilium sarniense: or, a description of the Guernsay-lilly. To which is added the botanical dissection of the coffee berry. London, 1725. 59 pp.

LAROQUE, JEAN. Voyage de l'arabie heureuse, par l'Ocean Oriental, & le detroit de la Mer Rouge. Fait par les Francois dans les annees 1708, 1709 and 1710. Avec la relation d'un voyage fait du port de Moka a la cour du roy d'Yemen dans la 2. Expedition des annees 1711, 1712 and 1713. Un memoire concernant l'arbre et le fruit du cafe. Paris, 1716. 403 pp. Also in English, London, 1726.

LA ROQUE. Gruendliche und sichere Nachricht vom Cafee- und Cafee-Baum. Leipzig, 1717.

LIBERIAN coffee. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bull. of Misc. Information, 1895:296-299.

MCCLELLAND, T.B. The botany of coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1912, XXII:28-35.

MARIANA, J. Les cafeiers; structure anatomique de la feuille. Paris, 1908.

NATURAL caffein-free coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1912, XXIII:230-233.

NATURAL history of coffee, thee, chocolate, tobacco with a tract of elder and juniper berries. London, 1682.

A NEW hybrid Ceylon coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1916, XXX; 232-233.

SLOANE, Sir HANS. On the Bird the Cuntur of Peru and on the Coffee Shrub. London, 1694.

WILDEMAN, E. DE. Notes sur quelques especes du genre Coffea L. Cong, internat. d. botanique. Actes, 1900, I:221-238.

CHEMISTRY

ANALYSIS, GENERAL

ALLEN, A.H. Commercial organic analysis. London, 1892, (v. 3 pt. 2 contains a chapter on vegetable alkaloids, including coffee.)

ANDALORI, ANDRE. Il cafe descritto ed esaminato. Messine, 1702.

BOUSSINGAULT, J.B.J.D. Sur les matieres sucrees contenues dans le fruit du cafeier. Ann. Inst. Nat. Agron., 1878-79, IV: 1-4.

CAFFE DI GIRASOLE: analisi chemiche, consigli agronomici, etc. Padova, 1881.

COFFEE and chicory. Science readers and diagrams. Ser. 6, no. 3.

GALEANO, JOSEPH. Il caffe, con piu diligenza esaminato. Palerme, 1674.

GRIEBEL, C. Ueber den Kaffeegerbstoff. Muenchen, 1903.

KOeNIG, J. Chemie der menschlichen Nahrungs- und Genussmittel. 4th ed. Berlin, 1904. See v. 2, index for Kaffee, Koffein.

LOCKE, EDWIN A. Food values. New York, 1911. Coffee analysed p. 54.

LYTHGOE, HERMANN CHARLES. Report on tea and coffee. Washington, 1905.

MARCHAND, N.L. Recherches organographiques et organogeniques sur le Coffea arabica L. Paris, 1864.

SESTINI, J. Il caffe; lettura fatta nell' institutio tecnico di Fochi. Firenze, 1868.

STANDARDS of purity for food products. Tea, coffee and cocoa products. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Office of the Secretary. Circ. 19, p. 16.

THORPE, EDWARD. Dictionary of applied chemistry. London and New York, 1912. See pp. 97-103.

WANKLYN, JAMES ALFRED. Tea, coffee, and cocoa: a practical treatise on the analysis of tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, mate (Paraguay tea). London, 1874. 59 pp.

WARNIER, W.L.A. Bijerage tot de kennis der koffie, mededeeling uit het laboratorium van het Kolonial museum te Haarlem. Amsterdam, 1899. 23 pp.

WEYRICH, R. Ein Beitrag zur Chemie des Thees und Kaffees. Dorpat, 1872.

WILEY, H.W. Coffee and tea. In his, 1001 Tests of food, beverages and toilet accessories, pp. 10-18.

WINTON, ANDREW L. The microscopy of coffee. In his, Microscopy of vegetable foods, New York, 1916. 2 ed. pp. 427-438. Reprinted, Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, XXI: 22-28.

Periodicals

ALLEN, A.H. Note on the examination of coffee. Analyst, 1880, V: 1-4.

BAU, A. The determination of oxalic acid in tea, coffee, marmalade, vegetables and bread. Z. Nahr. Genussm, 1920, 40: 50-66.

BERTRAND, GABRIEL. Sur la composition chimique du cafe de la Grande Comore. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, 1901, CXXXII: 162-164.

BINZ, C. Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Kaffeebestandtheile. Archiv fuer experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, 1878, IX: 31-51.

BOeTSCH, K. Zur Kenntniss der Saligeninderivate. Monatshefte fuer Chemie (Sitzungs berichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften) 1880, I: 621-623.

CANADA (DOMINION). INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT LABORATORY. Coffee: results of analysis. Ottawa, 1888. Bulletin, 3. 8 pp.; 1891, Bulletin, 29. 19 pp.; 1892, Bulletin 31. 13 pp.

—— Ground coffee: results of analysis. Ottawa, 1904, Bulletin, 100. 7 pp.; 1909, Bulletin, 172. 37 pp.; 1910, Bulletin, 216. 22 pp.

CAZENEUVE, P. and HADDON. Sur l'acide cafetannique. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, 1897, CXXIV: 1458-1460.

CHARAUX, CHARLES. Sur l'acide chlorogenique. Frequence et recherche de cet acide dans les vegetaux. Extraction de l'acide cafeique et rendement en l'acide cafeique de quelques plantes. Journal de Pharmacie et de Chemie, 1900, 7. ser, II: 292-298.

THE CHEMISTRY of a cup of coffee. Lancet, 1913, II, no. 2: 1563-1565. Reviewed in, Journal of Economics, 1914, VI: 466-467; Literary Digest, 1914, XLVIII: 376-377.

DOOLITTLE, R.E. and WRIGHT, B.B. Some effects of storage on coffee. American Journal of Pharmacy, 1915, LXXXVII: 524-526.

EHRLICH, J. Coffee in the laboratory. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1916, XXX: 569-570.

ERNI, H. The chemico-physiological relations of tea, coffee and alcohol. Nashville Monthly Record of Medical and Physical Science, 1858-9, I: 641-656.

FRANKEL, E.M. Coffee by-products. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1917, XXXIII: 43-44.

—— Coffee identification. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1916, XXXI: 158 159.

FRANKEL, F. HULTON. Calories in a cup of coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1916, XXXI: 446-447.

GEISER, M. Welche Bestandteile des Kaffees sind die Traeger der erregenden Wirkung? Archiv fuer experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, 1905, LIII: 112-136.

GORTER, K. Beitraege zur Kenntniss des Kaffees. Annalen der Chemie, 1907, CCCLVIII: 327-348; 1908, CCCLIX: 217-244; 1910, CCCLXXII: 237-246. Also, East Indies, Dutch. Dept. van Landbouw. Bulletins, 14, 33.

GRAF, L. Ueber Bestandtheile der Kaffeesauen. Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Chemie, 1901, pp. 1077-1082.

—— Ueber den Zusammenhang von Coffeingehalt und Qualitaet bei chinesischem Thee. Forschungs-Berichte ueber Lebensmittel, 1897, IV: 88.

GUIGUES, P. Note sur l'origine du cafe. Bulletin des Sciences pharmacologiques, 1903, VII: 350-357.

HANAUSEK, T.F. Bemerkung zu dem Aufsatz von F. Netolitzky: Ueber das Vorkommen von Krystallsandzellen im Kaffee. Zeitschrift fuer Untersuchung der Nahrungs- und Genussmittel, 1911, XXI: 295.

—— Die Entwickelungsgeschichte der Frucht und des Samens von Coffea arabica L. Zietschrift fuer Nahrungsmittel Untersuchung und Hygiene, 1890, IV: 237-257.

HARRIS, WILLIAM B. Scientific study of coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1915, XXIX: 557-558.

HEHNER, O. An analysis of coffee leaves. Analyst, 1879, IV: 84.

HOWARD, C.D. Report on tea and coffee. U.S. Chemistry Bureau. Bulletin, 1907, CV: 41-45.

HUSSON, C. Etude sur le cafe, le the, et les chicorees. Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 1879, 5. ser. XVI: 419-427.

JAFFA, M.E. Report on tea and coffee, 1910, with list of references. U.S. Chemistry Bureau. Bulletin, 1911, CXXXVII: 105-108.

LANCET special analytical sanitary commission on the composition and value of coffee extracts, The Lancet, 1894, II: 43-45.

LEPPER, H.A. Report on coffee. Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural chemists, 1920, 4: 211-216.

LEVESIE, O. Beitraege zur Chemie des Kaffees. Archiv der Pharmacie, 1876, 3 ser. VIII: 294-298.

LIEBIG, J. von. Chemistry of a cup of coffee. Every Saturday, I: 135.

LOOMIS, H.M. Report on tea and coffee. Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 1920, 3: 498-503.

MASON, G. and SAVINI E. Experiments with coffee. Staz. sper, agrar. ital., 1918, 51: 413-4.

MAZZA, C. Sull' esame batteriologico della polvere che si trova negli spacci di caffe, con speciale riguardo al bacillo della tubercolosi. Rivista d'Igiene e Sanita pubblica, 1897, VIII: 8-20.

PALADINO, PIETRO. Sopra un nuovo alcaloide contenuto nel caffe. Gazette Chimica Italiana, XXV: 104-110. Summarized in, Beilstein's Organische Chemie, 1897, III: 888.

PARET, S.A. Quelques resultats obtenus par l'emploi du valerianate de cafeine (these). Paris, 1874.

PAYEN, EDOUARD. Memoire sur le cafe. Comptes vendus de l'Academie des Sciences, 1846, XXII: 724-732; XXIII: 8-15, 144-251.

PRATT, DAVID S. The microscopy of tea and coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1915, XXIX: 419-421.

PRESCOTT, A. Chemistry of tea and coffee. Popular Science Monthly, XX: 359.

ROBIQUET, VON, and BOUTRON. Ueber den Kaffee. Annalen der Chemie, 1837, XXIII: 93-95.

ROBISON, FLOYD W. What do we know about coffee? Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1916, XXXI: 556-562.

SAYRE, L.E. A pharmacologist on coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1917, XXXII: 521-527.

—— Coffee, its standardization and application to pharmacy. Merck's Report, 1907, XVI: 61-63.

SOME new facts about coffee. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1918, XXXV: 436-437.

STREET, JOHN PHILLIPS. About hygienic coffees. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1916, XXXI: 52-54.

—— Hygienic coffee analyses. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1917, XXXIII: 42-43.

—— Recent coffee analyses. Modern Hospital, 1916: 330-332. Reprinted in Tea and Coffee Trade Journal. XXX: 570-572.

TATLOCK, R.R. and THOMSON, R.T. The analysis and composition of coffee, chicory, and coffee and chicory "essences." Journal of the Society of Chemical Industries, 1910, XXIX: 138-140.

TRIGG, CHARLES W. Caffetannic acid a bugaboo. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1917, XXXIII: 437-439.

—— Coffee oil and fats. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1918, XXXV: 230-231.

—— Coffee carbohydrates. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1919, XXXVI: 246-247.

TUSINI, F. Sul riconoscimento delle varie specie di grani di caffe, mediante la misurazione delle cellule del reticolo albuminoideo e dello spermoderma. Archivio di Farmacologia sperimentale e Science affini, 1903, II: 215-217.

VAUTIER, E. The wastes of coffee. Mitt. Lebensm. Hyg., 1921, 12: 35-37.

VAN DER WOLK, P.C. New researches into some statistics of Coffea. Zeitschrift fuer induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungslehre, 1914, XI: 355-359.

VLAANDEREN, C.L. and MULDER, G.J. Saeuren des Kaffee's. Jahresbericht der Chemie, 1858: 261-264.

WARNIER, W.L.A. Contributions a la connaissance du cafe. Recueil de Travaux chimiques du Pays-Bas de la Belgique, 1899, 2. ser. III: 351-357.

WILLCOX, O.W. Coffee aroma secret out. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1913, XXV: 343-344.

—— Tannin in coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1913, XXV: 485.

WILLCOX, O.W. and RENTSCHLER, M.J. Scientific analysis of coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal. 1910. XIX: 440-443; 1911, XX: 30-34, 109-111, 194-195, 355-356.

WOODMAN, A.G. Report on tea, coffee, and cocoa products, 1909. U.S. Chemistry Bureau. Bulletin, 1910, CXXXII: 134-136.

CAFFEIN

CLAUTRIAU, G. Nature et signification des alcaloides vegetaux. Paris, 190?: 113.

DRAGENDORFF, GEORG. Caffein und Theobromin. In his, Die gerichtlich-chemische Ermittelung von Giften, pp. 202-206.

FENDLER, G. and STUeBER, W. Coffeinbestimmungen im Kaffee. Zeitschrift fuer Untersuchung der Nahrungs- und Genussmittel, 1914, XXVIII: 9-20.

FISCHER, EMIL. Ueber das Caffein. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 1882, XV, no. 5: 29-87.

FRANKEL, E.M. Caffeine and theine. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1916, XXXI: 260.

FRENCH, J.M. Caffein, its sources and uses. Merck's Archives, 1907, IX: 208.

JOBST, CARL. Thein identisch mit Caffein. Annalen der Chemie, 1838, XXV: 63-66.

LANGLOIS, P. Kola et cafeine. La Science Illustree, July, 1890.

LENDRICH, K. and NOTTBOHM, E. Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Coffeins im Kaffee. Zeitschrift fuer Untersuchung der Nahrungs- und Genussmittel, 1909, XVI: 241-265.

PAUL, B.H. and COWNLEY, A.J. The amount of caffeine in various kinds of coffee. Pharmaceutical Journal, 1887, 3 ser. XVII: 565.

PFAFF, C.H. Ueber die Darstellung des Coffeins, ueber dessen charakteristische Eigenschaften und dessen Mischung, ueber zwei Saeuren im Kaffee, so wie ueber das sogenannte Kaffee-Gruen. Neues Jahrbuech der Chemie und Physik, 1831, I: 487-503; II: 31-45.

POLSTORFF, KARL. Ueber das Vorkommen von Betainen und von Cholin in Kaffein und Theobromin enthaltenden Drogen. Chemisches Zentralblatt, 1909, 5 ser. XIII: 2014-2015.

STEHLE, R.L. Caffeine, the alkaloid. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1917, XXXII: 46-47.

SULLIVAN, A.L. Determination of caffein in coffee, a comparison of the Hilger and Fricke method with a modification of the Gomberg method. Science, 1909, XXX: 255.

WILLCOX, O.W. Coffee and caffein. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1913, XXIV: 460-461.

CAFFEIN-FREE COFFEE

RABENHORST, W. and VARGES, J. Koffeinfreier Kaffee; enthalt der kaffeinfreie Kaffee fremde chemische Bestandteile, insbesondere Ammoniak, Benzol, Salzsaeure, Schwefelsaeure? Medizinische Klinik, 1908, IV: 1612.

SALANT, WILLIAM, and RIEGER, J.B. Elimination of caffein: an experimental study of herbivora and carnivora. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Chemistry Bureau. Bulletin, CLVII.

TRIGG, CHARLES W. About caffein-free coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1918, XXXIV: 233.

WILLCOX, O.W. "Caffein-free" coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1911, XX: 116.

CAFFEOL

BERNHEIMER, OSCAR. Zur Kenntniss der Roestproducte des Caffees. Monatshefte fuer Chemie (Sitzungs-berichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften) 1880, I: 456-457.

BERTRAND, G. and WEISWEILLER, G. Sur la composition de l'essence de cafe; presence de la pyridine. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, 1913, CLVII: 212-213. Also, Bulletin des Sciences pharmacologiques, 1905, XII: 152.

ERDMANN, ERNST. Ueber das Kaffeoel und die Physiologische Wirkung des darin enthaltenen Furfuralkohols. Archiv fuer experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, 1902, XLVIII: 233-261. Also, Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 1902, XXXV: 1846.

—— Beitrag zur kenntniss der kaffeeoeles und des darin enthaltenen furfuralkohols. Halle, 1902: 46.

GRAFE, V. Untersuchung ueber die Herkunft des Kaffeoels. Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1912, XLIX: 267-268.

JAEKLE, H. Studien ueber die Produkte der Kaffeeroestung ein Beitraege zur Kenntniss des sogenannte Kaffeearomas (Caffeol.) Zeitschrift fuer Untersuchung der Nahrungs- und Genussmittel, 1898, 457-472.

ORLOWSKI, A. Kilka slor o kawie palonej. (Extract of Coffee). Gazeta Lekarska, Warsaw, 1870, IX: 385-387.

THE CAFFEOL in roasted coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1913, XXIV: 241.

TRIGG, CHARLES W. The aroma of coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1918, XXXV: 37-39.

GREEN COFFEE

BITTO, BELA VON. Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der inneren Fruchtschale der Kaffeefrucht. Jour. Landw. III: 93-95.

HERFELDT, E. and STUTZER, A. Untersuchungen ueber den Gehalt der Kaffeebohnen an Fett, Zucker und Kaffeegerbsaeure. Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Chemie, 1895, 469-471.

MEYER, H. and ECKERT, A. Ueber das fette Ol und das Wachs der Kaffeebohnen. Summarized in, Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1910, XLVII: 320.

ROCHLEDER, F. Notiz ueber die Kaffeebohnen. Annalen der Chemie, 1844, L: 244-284; 1846, LIX: 300-310; 1852, LXXXII: 194.

TRIGG, CHARLES W. Aging green coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1920, XXXIX: 440.

ZWENGER, C. and SIEBERT, S. Ueber das Vorkommen der Chinasaeure in den Kaffeebohnen. Annalen der Chemie, 1861, 1 sup. pp. 77-85.

ROASTED COFFEE

BURMANNN, J. Recherches chimiques et physiologiques sur les principes nocifs du cafe torrefie. Bulletin general de Therapeutique, 1913, CLXVI: 379-400.

EHRLICH, J. In a cup of coffee. A consideration of the constituents of the roasted bean and of the sugar, milk or cream that goes with it. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1916, XXX: 547-549.

GOBLET, L. Analyses comparees d'un cafe torrefie par des procedes differents. Association Belge des Chimistes. Bulletin, 1899, XIII: 172-173.

GOULD, R.A. The gases evolved from roasted coffee, their composition and origin. Eighth International Congress of Applied Chemistry. Report, 1912, XXVI: 389.

LENDRICH, K. and NOTTBOHM, E. Ueber den Coffeingehalt des Kaffees und den Coffeinverlust beim Roesten des Kaffees. Zeitschrift fuer Untersuchung der Nahrungs- und Genussmittel, 1909, XVIII: 299-308.

LYTHGOE, H. Chemical analyses of a few varieties of roasted coffee. Technology Quarterly, 1905, XVII: 236-239.

MONARI, A. and SCOCCIANTI, L. La pyridine dans les produits de la torrefaction du cafe. Congres international d'Hygiene et de Demographie. Comptes rendus, 1894, VIII: pt. 4, 211. Also, Archives italiennes de Biologie, 1895, XXIII: 68-70; Chemisches Zentralblatt, 1895, I: 750.

TRIGG, CHARLES W. Coffee roasting. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1919, XXXVII: 170-172.

—— Gases from roasted coffee. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1920, XXXIX: 318.

CHICORY

BACKER, P. La culture du witloof. Thielt, 1912: 22.

—— De teelt van witloof. Thielt, 1911: 23.

BORUTTAU, H. Die physiologische Wirkung des Absudes der gebrannten Zichorie. Medizinische Klinik, 1907, III: 644-647.

FRIES, M. Praktische Anleitung zum Kaffee Cichorienbau. Stuttgart, 1886.

KAINS, M.G. Chicory growing. Washington, 1900: 12.

—— Chicory growing as an addition to the resources of the American farmer. Washington, 1898: 52.

SCHMIEDEBERG, OSWALD. Historische und experimentelle Untersuchungen ueber die Zichorie und den Zichorienkaffee in diaetetischer und gesundheitlicher Beziehung. Archiv fuer Hygiene, 1912, LXXVI: 210-244.

WEISMANN, R. Ueber den schaedlichen Einfluss von Zichorienaufguss. Aerztliche Rundschau, 1908, XVIII: 183.

ZELLNER, H. Zichorie. Centralblatt fuer allgemeine Gesundheitspflege, 1908, XXVII: 32-39.

CHICORY IN COFFEE

CAUVET. Sur l'examen et l'analyse des echantillons de cafe-chicoree et de cafe moulu saisis chez divers marchands de Constantine. Annales d'Hygiene, 1873, XI: 302-317.

CHEVALLIER, A. Notice historique et chronologique sur les substances qui ont ete proposees comme succedanees du cafe et sur le cafe-chicoree en particulier. Moniteur d'Hopitaux, 1853, I: 1129, 1161, 1171, 1185, 1193, 1217.

CLOUeET, J. Du cafe-chicoree; empoisonnement de quatre personnes par l'usage de cette denree. Mouvement medicale, 1875, XIII: 505.

FORSEY, C.B. The new coffee and chicory regulations. Analyst, 1882, VII: 159.

GUILLOT, CAMILLE. La chicoree et divers produits de substitution du cafe. Lons-le-Saunier, 1911. 352 pp.

Lawall, C.H. and FORMAN L. The detection of chicory in decoctions of chicory and coffee. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, 1914, 111: 1669.

LEEBODY, J.R. Estimation of chicory in coffee. Chemical News, 1874, XXX: 243.

MORIN. Quelques reflexions sur un des moyens employes pour determiner la presence du cafe chicoree dans le cafe normal. Rouen, 1863. 5 pp. (Extrait des Memoires de l'Academie de Caen.)

ON the adulteration of chicory and coffee. Lancet, 1861, 11: 18.

COFFEE HOUSES

BREWSTER, H. POMEROY. The coffee houses and tea gardens of old London. Rochester, 1888.

CAFES de Paris par un flaneur patente. 1849.

COFFEE public house, The. How to establish and manage it. London, 1878. 34 pp.

COFFEE stalls and taverns: hints on coffee stall management. London, 1886. 40 pp.

COLMAN, GEORGE, and THORNTON, B. Survey of the town.... Garraway's, Batson's St. Paul's, and the Chapter coffee houses. In their, the Connoisseur. Oxford. 1757, I:1-10.

DAFERT, F.W. Erfahrungen ueber rationellen Kaffeebau. Berlin, 1896. 36 pp. 2nd ed., 1899. 60 pp.

DELVAU. Histoire anecdotique des cafes et cabarets de Paris. 1861.

HAWES, C.W. Handbook to coffee taverns. Uxbridge, 1888. 17 pp.

MACAULAY, T.B. (Coffee houses in the 17th and 18th centuries.) In his, History of England. I: 334-336.

MICHEL, FRANCISQUE, et FOURNIER, EDOUARD. Histoire des hotelleries, cabarets et cafes. 1854.

REID, THOMAS WILSON, ed. Traits and stories of Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese. London, 1886. 133 pp.

ROBINSON, EDWARD FORBES. Early history of coffee houses in England. London, 1893. 240 pp.

SHELLEY, CHARLES HENRY. Inns and taverns of old London. Boston, 1909. 366 pp.

—— Old Paris. Boston, 1912.

TIMBS, J. Clubs and club life in London, with anecdotes of its famous coffee houses, hostelries and taverns. London, 1866. 2v. 2nd ed., 1872. 1v. 544 pp.

Periodicals

ANDREWS, A. Coffee houses and their clubs in the 18th century. Colburn's New Monthly Magazine, CVI: 107.

BETHEL CHRISTIAN MISSION, Providence. Annual report ... constitution, bylaws, etc.

BUSS, GEORGE. Kaffee und Kaffeehaeuser. Westerman's Monatshefte, Sept. 1908: 805-821.

COFFEE house movement. Chambers' Journal, LVI: 143.

COFFEE house news. London Magazine, XX: 563.

COFFEE houses of old London. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1918, XXXV: 116-125.

COFFEE Houses of old New York. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1920, XXXVIII: 160-174.

COFFEE Houses of old Philadelphia. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1920, XXXVIII: 308-312.

COFFEE houses of the Restoration. Tait, n. s. XXII: 104; Ecclesiastical Magazine, XXIV: 500.

COFFEE palaces. All-the-Year, LII: 520.

EARLY Parisian coffee houses. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1918, XXXV: 526-534.

FOX, S. Coffee club movement in California. Arena, XXXII:519.

GRAHAM, R. Coffee houses as a counter action to the saloon. Charities Review, I: 215.

HALL, E.H. Coffee taverns. Leisure Hour, XXVIII: 301.

HILL, E. Coffee and coffee houses. Gentleman's Magazine, n. s. LXXI: 47.

HOLLAND and the cafe Krasnapolsky at Amsterdam. Idler, 1899, XVI: 31-39.

HOPE, LADY. Coffee rooms for the people. Good Words, XXI: 749, 844.

HOWERTH, I.W. Coffee house as a rival of the saloon. American Magazine of Civics, VI: 589.

HUMPHREYS, J. Coffee houses. St. James Magazine, XLIII: 598.

JARVIS, A.W. Old London coffee houses. English Illustrated Magazine, 1900, XXIII: 107-114.

PAGE, H.A. Coffee palaces. Good Words, XVIII: 678.

RODENBERG, J. Die kaffeehaeuser und clubs von London. Unsere Zeitung, 1866, II: 177-265.

SCHMITT, E. Volkskuechen und speiseanstalten fuer arbeiter; Volkskaffeehaeuser. Handbook der Architek, 4 theil, IV: 116.

SIKES, W. English coffee palaces. Lippincott's Magazine, XXIV: 728.

SOME old London coffee houses. Cornhill Magazine, LVI: 527.

STEVENS, J.A. Coffee houses of old New York. Harper's Magazine, LXIV: 481.

SWEETSER, ARTHUR LAWRENCE. The coffee house plan. Gunton's Magazine, 1901, XXI: 239-245.

THOMAS, C. EDGAR. Some London coffee houses. Home Counties Magazine, 1911, XIII: 1-9, 91-100.

WAGNER, H. Shankstaetten und speisewirtschaften; Kaffeehaeuser und restaurants. Handbook der Architek, 4 theil, IV: 116 pp.

CULTURE AND PREPARATION

GENERAL

AMERICAN COFFEE GROWERS' ASSOCIATION. Coffee growing by proxy. New York, 1895. 30 pp.

ARNOLD, EDWIN LESTER LINDEN. Coffee: its cultivation and profit. London, 1886. 270 pp.

BOERY, PASCAL. Les plantes oleagineuses et leurs produits; cacao, cafe.... Paris, 1888.

BOURGOIN D'ORLI, P.H.F. Guide pratique de la culture du cafeier et du cacaoyer suivi de la fabrication du chocolat. Paris, 1876.

BROUGIER, A. Der Kaffee, dessen Kultur und Handel. 1897.

BROWN, ALEXANDER. The coffee planter's manual, with which is added a variety of information useful to planters, including the manuring of coffee estates. Colombo, 1880. 246 pp.

BROWNE, D.J. On the cultivation of coffee. Washington, 1859. 12 pp.

BURLAMAQUI, FREDERICO LEOPOLDO CESAR. Monographia do cafeeiro e do cafe. Rio de Janeiro, 1860. 62 pp.

CAMOUILLY. La plantation du cafe, en Nouvelle Caledonia. Paris, 1899.

CIVINNI, G.D. Delle storiae naturae del caffe. Firenze, 1731.

COOK, ORATOR FULLER. Shade in coffee culture. Washington, 1901. 79 pp.

CUEVAS, HILARIO. Estudio practico sobre el cultivo del cafe. Mexico, 1895. 50 pp.

CUNHO, AGOSTINO RODRIGUEZ. De l'art de la culture du cafe et de sa propagation. Rio de Janeiro, 1844.

D'ORLI, P.H.F. BOURGOIN. Culture du cafe, etc. Paris, 1874.

FAUCHERE, A. Culture pratique du cafeier et preparation du cafe. Paris, 1908. 198 pp.

FERGUSON, JOHN. The coffee planter's manual for both the Arabian and Liberian species. Colombo, 1898. 312 pp.

FUCHS, M. Die geographische Verbreitung des Kaffeebaeume. Leipzig, 1886. 72 pp.

GARVENS, WILHELM. Kaffee: Kultur, Handel und Bereitung im Produktionslande. 2 ed. Hannover, 1913. 45 pp.

GREAT BRITAIN. Parliament, House of Commons. First report from the Select committee on sugar and coffee planting, London, 1848: 8v.

—— Supplement to the report. London, 1848. 198 pp.

HANSON, R. Culture and commerce of coffee. London, 1877.

HERRERA, RAFAEL. Estudio sobre la produccion del cafe. Mexico, 1893. 141 pp.

HUNTINGTON, L.M. Origin of oily coffee beans. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1917, XXXIII: 228.

INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS, Washington, D.C. Coffee in America. Methods of production and facilities for successful cultivation in Mexico, the Central American states, Brazil and other South American countries, and the West Indies. 1893. 36 pp.

JACOTOT, A. La culture du cafe, son avenir dans les colonies francaises. Paris, 1910. 191 pp.

JIMENEZ NUNEZ, ENRIQUE. Medios practios para evitar que las mieles de cafe infecten las aguas de los rios. Guadalupe, 1902.

JOTAPEN, JOSE. Cultivation and preparation of coffee for the market. Aberdeen, 1915. 102 pp.

JUMELLE, HENRI. Plantes a sucre, cafe, cacao, the, mate. In his, Les cultures coloniales. Paris, 1913. v. 3.

KRAMERS, J.G. Verslag omtrent de proeftuinen en andere mededeelingen over koffie. Batavia, 1899-1904. 4v.

LAERNE, C.F. VAN DELDEN. Brazil and Java. Report on coffee culture in America, Asia and Africa, to H.E. the minister of the colonies. London, 1885. 637 pp. Also in Dutch and French.

LASCELLES, ARTHUR ROWLEY WILLIAM. A treatise on the nature and cultivation of coffee; with some remarks on the management and purchase of coffee estates. London, 1865. 71 pp.

LE COMTE, C.E.A. Culture et production du cafe dans les colonies. Paris, 1865.

LECOMTE, HENRI. Le cafe: culture, manipulation, production. Paris, 1899. 342 pp.

LIEVANO, INDALECIO. Instruccion popular sobre meteorolojia agricola, i especialmente sobre el anil i el cafe. Bogota, 1868. 18 pp.

MCCLELLAND, T.B. Effect of different methods of transplanting coffee. Washington, 1917. 11 pp.

—— Some profitable and unprofitable coffee lands. Washington, 1917. 13 pp.

MCCULLOCH, R. WILLIAM. Coffee-growing and its preparation for market. Brisbane, Australia, 1893.

MADRIZ, F.J. Cultivo del cafe seu manual theoricopratico sobre beneficio de este frute con mayores ventajas para al agricultor. Paris, 1869.

MEITZKY, JO.-HENRY. De vario coffeae potum parandi modo. Wittebergiae, 1788.

MIDDLETON, W.H. Manual of coffee planting. Durban, 1866.

MILHON. Dissertation sur le caffeyer. Montpellier, 1746.

MONNEREAU, ELIE. Le parfait indigotier; ou Description de l'indigo ... ensemble un traite sur la culture de cafe. Amsterdam and Marseilles, 1765. 238 pp.

MORREN, F.W. Die arbeiter auf einer Kaffee-plantage. 1900.

—— Werkzaamheden op eene koffieonderneming. Handleiding voor opzichters bij de koffie-cultuur. Amsterdam, 1896. 266 pp.

NICOL, R. A treatise on coffee, its properties and the best mode of keeping and preparing it. 4th ed. London, 1832.

OWEN, T.C. First year's work on a coffee plantation. Colombo, 1877. 55 pp.

PIERROT, EDOUARD. Culture pratique et rationelle du cafeier et preparation du grain pour la vente. Paris, 1906. 95 pp.

ROSSIGNEN, JULIO. Manual del cultivo del cafe, etc., in la America Espanola. Paris, 1859.

SIMMONDS, P.L. Coffee and chicory, their culture, chemical composition, preparation, etc. London, 1864. 102 pp.

—— Tropical agriculture. London, 1887. (p. 27-79 deal with coffee.)

TYTLER, R.B. Prospects of coffee production. Aberdeen, 1878.

UGARTE, JOSE P. The cultivation and preparation of coffee for the market. London, 1916. 124 pp.

WILDEMAN, EM. DE. Les cafeiers. Bruxelles, 1901.

—— Les plantes tropicales de grande culture—cafe, cacao, coca, vanilla, etc. Bruxelles, 1902. 304 pp.

ZIMMERMANN, ALBRECHT. Over het enten van koffie volgens de methode van den Heer D. Butin Schaap. Batavia, 1904. 54 pp.

Periodicals

AUBRY-LE-COMTE. Culture et production du cafe dans les colonies. Revue Mar. et Col., Oct., 1865.

BEUGLESS, J.D. Coffee in its home. Overland Monthly, II: 319.

CASWELL, G.W. Coffee in our new islands. Overland Monthly, n. s. XXXII: 459.

COFFEE cultivation in the New World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bull. of Misc. Information, 1893: 321-325.

CULTIVATION and preparation of coffee. Great Britain. Imperial Institute, Bulletin, 1915, XIII: 260-296.

DE VERE, M.S. Culture and use of coffee. Harper's Magazine, XLIV: 237.

FESCA, MAX. Ueber Kaffeekultur. Jour. Landw. 1897, XLV:13-41.

HAGEN, J. De Koffiecultuur. Onze Kol. Landbouw No. 7. 1914.

HAYWARD, C.B. Coffee and coffee culture. Scientific American, 1904, XCI: 189, 194-195.

LINNEAN SOCIETY. Proceedings, 1875-1880, contain articles on coffee culture.

LOEW, OSCAR. Fermation of cacao and of coffee. Porto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station. Report, 1907. pp. 41-55.

MARCANO, V. Essais d'agronomie tropicale. Ann. sci. agron. 1891, II: 119-152.

PEATFIELD, J.J. Culture of coffee. Overland Monthly, XIII: 323.

ROST, EUGEN C. Coffee growing. Scientific American Supplement, 1902, LIV: 22189-22190.

TORRENS, J.H. Hydro-electric installation on a coffee plantation. General Electric Review, 1915. XVIII: 219-222.

—— Electricity on a coffee finca. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1916, XXXI: 418-421.

REGIONAL

ABYSSINIA

SOUTHARD, ADDISON E. The story of Abyssinia's coffees. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1918, XXXIV: 212-215: 324-329.

AFRICA, NORTHERN

RIVIERE, CHARLES. Le cafeier dans l'Afrique du nord. Paris, 1903.

ANGOLA

COFFEE cultivation in Angola. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bull. of Misc. Information, 1894: 161-163.

ARGENTINE

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Departamento nacional de tierras, colonias y agricultura. El cafe. (Coffea arabica) Buenos Aires, 1896. 22 pp.

AUSTRALIA

JACKSON, HENRY VAUGHAN. The cultivation of coffee. Sydney, 1908. 8 pp. Reprinted from Agricultural Gazette, June, 1908.

NEWPORT, H. Coffee cultivation in Queensland. Philippine Agricultural Review, 1910, III: 514-524. Also, Queensland Agricultural Journal, 1910, XXIV, pt. 6; XXV, pt. 1.

BRAZIL

BERTHOULE. La culture di cafeier au Bresil, communication faite a la Societe nationale d'acclimation de France. March 28, 1890.

BRAZIL and coffee. Souvenir of the Louisiana purchase exposition. 1904. 28 pp.

CAFFE, IL: la coltivazione, la produzione, le imitazione, le falsificazioni, il valore economico, il fisiologico, appendice. Rio Janeiro, 1910. 98 pp.

CRUWELL, G.A. and others. Brazil as a coffee-growing country. Colombo, 1878. 150 pp.

DA COSTA SANTOS, H. Consideracoes sobre o nosso cafe. Rio Janeiro, 1881. 19 pp.

DAFERT, F.W. De bemesting en het drogen van kaffie in Brazilia. Amsterdam, 1898. 250 pp.

—— Ueber die gegenwaertige Lage des Kaffeebaus in Brazilien. Amsterdam, 1898. Also in English, 1900; French, Paris, 1900.

DAHNE, EUGENIO. The story of Sao Paulo coffee from plantation to cup. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1915, XXVIII: 127.

DE OLTVEIRA, LUIZ TORQUATO, Marques. Novo methodo da plantacao fecundidade, durabilidade estrumacao e conservacao do cafe e extinccao das formigas, exposto em beneficio da agricultura do Brasil e lugares cafeeiros, offerecido aos agricultores. Rio de Janeiro, 1863. 30 pp.

EMPIRE of Brazil at the World's industrial and cotton centennial exposition of New Orleans, The. New York, 1885. 71 pp.

KOEBEL, ROTHERY and TWENEY, editors. Enciclopedia de la America del sur. Agriculture, Brazil, v. I; Sao Paulo, v. IV. London and Buenos Aires, 1913.

LALIERE, AMOUR. Le cafe dans l'etat de Saint Paul (Bresil). Paris, 1909. 417 pp.

MISSON, LUIS, and TELLEZ O. Cultivo y beneficio del cafe en el Brazil: como se hacen en el estado de Sao Paulo. Mexico, 1907. 30 pp.

O FAZENDEIRO; revista mensal de agricultura, industria e commercio, dedicada, especialmente, aos interesses da lavoura cafeeiro. Anno 1, Sao Paulo, 1908.

PACHECO E SILVA, PERSIO. Do cafe no o este de S. Paulo. Sao Paulo, 1910. 64 pp.

PECKHOLT, THEODORO. Monographia do cafe. In his, Historia das plantas alimentares e de gozo do Brazil, v. 5. 1871-84.

SAO PAULO, Brazil. Secretaria da agricultura, commercio e obras publicas. Il caffe. Brevi notizie per Eugenio Lefevre. 1904. 68 pp.

SCHUURMAN, G.A.E. De koffie-cultuur in Brazilie. Amsterdam, 1901. 67 pp.

SMITH, H.H. Brazil: Amazona and the coast. (Special chapters on coffee) London, 1880.

—— Culture of coffee in Brazil. Scribner's Magazine, XIX: 225. Penny Magazine, IX: 484.

STORY of Sao Paulo coffee from plantation to cup. Pan American Union. Bulletin, 1915, XLI: 370-378.

TEIXEIRA, C. O cafe do Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, 1883. 24 pp.

WARD. R.D. Visit to the Brazilian coffee country. National Geographic Magazine, 1911, XXII: 908-931.

CENTRAL AMERICA

CATER, R.W. Coffee in Central America. Chambers' Journal, LXXVI: 570.

CHOUSSY, FELIX. Cultivo racional del cafe en centro America. San Salvador, 1917. 92 pp.

FOX, ALVIN. Coffee growing in Central America. Simmons' Spice Mill, 1918, XLI: 420-421.

CEYLON

ABBAY, R. Culture of coffee in Ceylon. Households Words, III: 109. Also, Nature, XIV: 375.

CRUWELL, G.A. Liberian coffee in Ceylon. Colombo, 1878.

HULL, E.C.P. Coffee planting in southern India and Ceylon. London, 1877. 324 pp.

KEEN, W. Coffee cultivation in Ceylon. London, 1871.

LEWIS, G.C. Coffee planting in Ceylon. Colombo, 1855.

SABONADIERE, WILLIAM. The coffee-planter of Ceylon. London, 1870. 216 pp.

—— O fazendeiro de cafe em Ceylao. Rio de Janerio, 1875, 196 pp.

VAN SPALL, P.W.A. Verslag over de koffij en kaneelkultuur op het eiland Ceijlon. Batavia, 1863.

COLOMBIA

SAENZ, NICOLAS. Memoria sobre el cultivo del cafeto. Bogota, 1892. 65 pp. Also in French, Bruxelles, 1894. 121 pp.

COSTA RICA

CALVO, J.B. Coffee, its origin and propagation, its introduction and cultivation in Costa Rica. American Republics Bureau. Monthly Bulletin. 1904, XVIII: 1-6; 111-115.

—— Report on coffee with special reference to the Costa Rican product. Bureau of American Republics. Publications. Washington, 1901, 15 pp.

COSTA RICA. Government. Estudio e informe sobre el cafe de Costa Rica. San Jose, 1900. 48 pp.

FIELD, WALTER J. Coffee culture and preparation in Costa Rica. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1908, XV: 13.

SCHROEDER, JOHN. Coffee culture in Costa Rica. San Jose, 1890. 4 pp.

CUBA

BORRERO Y ECHEVEBRIA, ESTEBAN. El Cafe. Apuntes para una monografia. Habana, 1890. 46 pp.

COFFEE grounds of Cuba. All-the-Year, XXIV: 61.

FERNANDEZ Y JIMENEZ, JOSE MARIA. Agricultura cubana. 3 ed. Habana, 1868. 69 pp.

FOX, ALVIN. Coffee culture in Cuba and Porto Rico. Simmons' Spice Mill, 1918, XLI: 1356-1359.

HILLMAN, JOSEPH. Coffee planting. New York, 1902. 16 pp.

OLD Cuban coffee plantations. Harper's Weekly, 1908, LII: 31.

EAST INDIES

ARNTZENIUS, G. Cultuur en volk. Beschouwingen over de gouvernementskoffie-cultuur op Java. 's Gravenhage, 1891. 158 pp.

CAMPBELL, DONALD MACLAINE. The industries of Java: Coffee. In his, Java: past and present. London, 1915. pp. 931-944.

CHALOT, C. and THILLARD, R. Le cafe a Java. 1914.

COFFEE enterprise in the East Indies. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bull. of Misc. Information, 1893: 123-124.

CRAMER, P.J.S. Gegevens over de variabiliteit van de in Nederlandsch-Indie verbouwde koffie-soorten. Batavia, 1913. 696 pp.

DUMONT, A. Consideraciones sobre el cultivo del cafe en esta isla. Havana, 1823.

KOFFIECULTUUR. Tijdsch. voor Nederlandsch-Indie, 1901, ser. 2, V: 168-175.

NEDERLANDSCH-INDISCHE maatschappij van nijwerheid en landbouw. Handleiding voor de gouvernements-koffiekultuur. Batavia, 1873. 56 pp.

PARKHURST, E.T.Y. Coffees of the Dutch East Indies. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1918, XXXV: 316-322; 416-420; 1919, XXXVI: 22-27; 118-122.

RAEDT VAN OLDENBARNEVELT, A.C. De koffie-cultuur op Java. 's Gravenhage, 1898. 48 pp.

SMID, J.H. Handbook voor de kultuur der koffie in Oost en West Indie. Middleburg, 1884. 112 pp.

VAN ERMEL, W.K.L.K. Some facts about coffee in Palembang. Singapore, 1879. 16 pp.

VAN GORKOM, K.W. Groote cultuur in Nederlandsch Oostindie koffie. Haarlem, 1882.

FEDERATED MALAY STATES

GALLAGHER, WILLIAM JOHN. Coffee robusta. Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States, 1910. 7 pp.

LIBERIAN coffee at the Straits Settlements (C. Liberica bull.) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bull. of Misc. information, 1888: 261-263; 1890: 107-108, 245-253.

LIBERIAN coffee in the Malay native states. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bull. of Misc. Information, 1892: 277-282.

FRENCH INDO-CHINA

BRIGGS, LAWRENCE P. The coffee of French Indo-China. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1917, XXXIII: 118-123.

CRAMER, P.J.S. Coffee plantations of Tonkin, Philippine Agricultural Review, 1910, III: 94-100.

PARIS. President du syndicat des productions et explorateurs de Tourane. Le cafe d'Annam; etude pratique sur sa culture. Tourane, Annam, 1895. 95 pp.

GOLD COAST

COFFEE cultivation at the Gold Coast. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bull. of Misc. Information, 1895: 21-23; 1897: 325-328.

GUADELOUPE

COFFEE in Guadeloupe. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, 1912, XXIII: 445.

GUATEMALA

DIESELDORFF, E.P. Der Kaffeebaum. Praktische Erfahrungen ueber seine Behandlung im noerdlichen Guatemala. Berlin, 1908. 36 pp.

MORREN, F.W. Koffiecultuur in Guatemale, met aanteekeningen betreffende de overige cultures de mijnen en den economischen toestand van deze republiek. Amsterdam, 1899. 142 pp.

PARKHURST, E.T.Y. Coffee in Guatemala. Californian Magazine, II: 742.

GUIANA

AUBLET, FUSEE. Histoire des plantes de la Guyane francaise. Observations sur la culture du cafe. Paris, 1775.

GUIANA (British) Permanent exhibitions committee. Cacao and coffee industries. Leaflet 6. 1911. 12 pp.