We talked about the question of a portrait of Dr. Wallace being painted and presented to the Royal Society, which had been suggested by the Rev. James Marchant, to whom Dr. Wallace referred, when talking to me, in grateful and glowing terms.—W.F.B.

Perhaps it should be added to Sir William Barrett's reminiscences that the movement which was set on foot to carry out this project was stayed by Wallace's death.

During the last years of his life his pen was seldom dry. His interest in science and in politics was fresh and keen to the closing week. He wrote "Social Environment and Moral Progress" in 1912, at the age of 90. The book had a remarkable reception. Leading articles and illustrated reviews appeared in most of the daily newspapers. The book, into which he had put his deepest thoughts and feelings upon the condition of society, was hailed as a virile and notable production from a truly great man. After this was issued, he saw another, "The Revolt of Democracy," through the press. But this did not exhaust his activities. He entered almost immediately into a contract to write a big volume upon the social order, and as a side issue to help, as is mentioned in the Introduction, in the production of an even larger book upon the writings and position of Darwin and Wallace and the theory of Natural Selection as an adequate explanation of organic evolution. Age did not seem to weaken his amazing fertility of creative thought, nor to render him less susceptible to the claims of humanity, which he faced with a noble courage. In nobility of character and in magnitude, variety and richness of mind he was amongst the foremost scientific men of the Victorian Age, and with his death that great period, which was marked by wide and illuminating generalisations and the grand style in science, came to an end.

Apart altogether, however, from his scientific position and attainments, which set him on high, he was a noble example of brave, resolute, and hopeful endeavour, maintained without faltering to the end of a long life. And this is not the least valuable part of his legacy to the race.

When Henslow died, Huxley wrote to Hooker: "He had intellect to comprehend his highest duty distinctly, and force of character to do it; which of us dare ask for a higher summary of his life than that? For such a man there can be no fear in facing the great unknown; his life has been one long experience of the substantial justice of the laws by which this world is governed, and he will calmly trust to them still as he lays his head down for his long sleep." Let that also stand as the estimate of Wallace by his contemporaries, an estimate which we believe posterity will confirm. And to it we may add that death, which came to him in his sleep as a gentle deliverer, opened the door into the larger and fuller life into which he tried to penetrate and in which he firmly believed. If that faith be founded in truth, Darwin and Wallace, yonder as here, are united evermore.

* * * * *

I am writing these concluding words on the second anniversary of his death. Before me there lies the telegram which brought me the sad news that he had "passed away very peacefully at 9.25 a.m., without regaining consciousness." He was in his ninety-first year. It was suggested that he should be buried in Westminster Abbey, beside Charles Darwin, but Mrs. Wallace and the family, expressing his own wishes as well as theirs, did not desire it. On Monday, November 10th, he was laid to rest with touching simplicity in the little cemetery of Broadstone, on a pine-clad hill swept by ocean breezes. He was followed on his last earthly journey by his son and daughter, by Miss Mitten, his sister-in-law, and by the present writer. Mrs. Wallace, being an invalid, was unable to attend. The funeral service was conducted by the Bishop of Salisbury (Dr. Ridgeway), and among the official representatives were Prof. Raphael Meldola and Prof. E.B. Poulton representing the Royal Society; the latter and Dr. Scott representing the Linnean Society, and Mr. Joseph Hyder the Land Nationalisation Society. A singularly appropriate monument, consisting of a fossil tree-trunk from the Portland beds, has been erected over his grave upon a base of Purbeck stone, which bears the following inscription:

ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE, O.M. Born Jan. 8th, 1823, Died Nov. 7th, 1913

A year later, on the 10th of December, 1914, his widow died after a long illness, and was buried in the same grave. She was the eldest daughter of Mr. William Mitten, of Hurstpierpoint, an enthusiastic botanist, and in no mean degree she inherited her father's love of wild flowers and of the beautiful in nature. It was this similarity of tastes which led to her close intimacy and subsequent marriage, in 1866, with Wallace. Their married life was an exceedingly happy one. She was able to help him in his scientific labours, and she provided that atmosphere in the home life which enabled him to devote himself to his many-sided enterprises. And nothing would give him more joy than to know that this book is dedicated to her memory.



Soon after Wallace's death a Committee was formed (with Prof. Poulton as Chairman and Prof. Meldola as Treasurer) to erect a memorial, and the following petition was sent to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster Abbey:

We, the undersigned, earnestly desiring a suitable national memorial to the late Alfred Russel Wallace, and believing that no position would be so appropriate as Westminster Abbey, the burial-place of his illustrious fellow-worker Charles Darwin, petition the Right Reverend the Dean and Chapter for permission to place a medallion in Westminster Abbey. We further guarantee, if the medallion be accepted, to pay the Abbey fees of L200.

ARCH. GEIKIE WILLIAM CROOKES A.B. KEMPE E. RAY LANKESTER D.H. SCOTT D. PRAIN A.E. SHIPLEY RAPHAEL MELDOLA P.A. MACMAHON JOHN W. JUDD OLIVER J. LODGE E.B. POULTON A. STRAHAN H.H. TURNER J. LARMOR W. RAMSAY SILVANUS P. THOMPSON JOHN PERRY JAMES MARCHANT (Hon. Sec.)

To which the Dean replied:

The Deanery, Westminster, S.W. December 2, 1913.

Dear Mr. Marchant,—I have pleasure in informing you that I presented your petition at our Chapter meeting this morning, and a glad and unanimous assent was accorded to it.

I should be glad later on to be informed as to the artist you are employing; and probably it would be as well for him and you and some members of the Royal Society to meet me and the Chapter and confer together upon the most suitable and artistic arrangement or rearrangement of the medallions of the great men of science of the nineteenth century.

Nothing could have been more satisfactory or impressive than the document with which you furnished me this morning. I hope to get it specially framed.—Yours sincerely,

HERBERT E. RYLE.

Mr. Bruce-Joy, who had made an excellent medallion of Dr. Wallace during his lifetime, accepted the commission to fashion the medallion for Westminster Abbey, and it was unveiled, by a happy but undesigned coincidence, on All Souls' Day, November 1 1915, together with medallions to the memory of Sir Joseph Hooker and Lord Lister. In the course of his sermon, the Dean said—and with these words we may well conclude this book:

"To-day there are uncovered to the public view, in the North Aisle of the Choir, three memorials to men who, I believe, will always be ranked among the most eminent scientists of the last century. They passed away, one in 1911, one in 1912, and one in 1913. They were all men of singularly modest character. As is so often observable in true greatness, there was in them an entire absence of that vanity and self-advertisement which are not infrequent with smaller minds. It is the little men who push themselves into prominence through dread of being overlooked. It is the great men who work for the work's sake without regard to recognition, and who, as we might say, achieve greatness in spite of themselves.



"Alfred Russel Wallace was a most famous naturalist and zoologist. He arrived by a flash of genius at the same conclusions which Darwin had reached after sixteen years of most minute toil and careful observation.... It was a unique example of the almost exact concurrence of two great minds working upon the same subject, though in different parts of the world, without collusion and without rivalry.... Between Darwin and Wallace goodwill and friendship were never interrupted. Wallace's life was spent in the pursuit of various objects of intellectual and philosophical interest, over which I need not here linger. All will agree that it is fitting his medallion should be placed next to that of Darwin, with whose great name his own will ever be linked in the worlds of thought and science.

"All will acknowledge the propriety of these three great names being honoured in this Abbey Church, even though it be, to use Wordsworth's phrase, already

'Filled with mementoes, satiate with its part Of grateful England's overflowing dead.'

"These are three men whose lifework it was to utilise and promote scientific discovery for the preservation and betterment of the human race."



APPENDIX



LISTS OF WALLACE'S WRITINGS

I.—BOOKS

Date Title

1853 "Palm Trees on the Amazon" 1853 "A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro." New Edition in "The Minerva Library," 1889 1866 "The Scientific Aspect of the Supernatural" 1869 "The Malay Archipelago," 2 vols. Tenth Edition, 1 vol., 1890 1870 "Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection." Republished, with "Tropical Nature," 1891 1874 "Miracles and Modern Spiritualism." Revised Edition, 1896 1876 "The Geographical Distribution of Animals," 2 vols. 1878 "Tropical Nature and other Essays." Printed in 1 vol. with "Natural Selection," 1891 1879 "Australasia." "Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel." (New issue, 1893) 1880 "Island Life." Revised Edition, 1895 1882 "Land Nationalisation" 1885 "Bad Times" 1889 "Darwinism." 3rd Edition, 1901 1898 "The Wonderful Century." New Edition, 1903 1900 "Studies, Scientific and Social" 1901 "The Wonderful Century Reader" 1901 "Vaccination a Delusion" 1903 "Man's Place in the Universe." New Edition, 1904. Cheap 1s. Edition, 1912 1905 "My Life," 2 vols. New Edition, 1 vol., 1908 1907 "Is Mars Habitable?" 1908 "Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon and Andes," by Richard Spruce. Edited by A.R. Wallace 1910 "The World of Life" 1913 "Social Environment and Moral Progress" 1913 "The Revolt of Democracy"

II.—ARTICLES, PAPERS, REVIEWS, ETC.

The articles marked with an asterisk were republished in Wallace's "Studies, Scientific and Social."

-+ -+ DATE PERIODICAL OR SUBJECT SOCIETY + + -+ 1850 Proc. Zool. Soc., On the Umbrella Bird Lond. 1852 " " Monkeys of the Amazon 1852-3 Trans. Entomol. On the Habits of the Butterflies Soc. of the Amazon Valley 1853 Zoologist On the Habits of the Hesperidae 1853 Proc. Zool. Soc., On some Fishes allied to Gymnotus Lond. June 6 1853 Entomolog. Soc. On the Insects used for Food by the Indians of the Amazon June 13 1853 Royal Geograph. Soc. The Rio Negro 1854-5 Zoologist Letters from Singapore and Borneo 1854-6 Trans. Entomol. Description of a New Species of Soc. Ornithoptera 1855 Annals and Mag. On the Ornithology of Malacca of Nat. Hist. 1855 Journ. Bot. Botany of Malacca 1855 Zoologist The Entomology of Malacca Sept. 1855 Annals and Mag. On the Law which has regulated of Nat. Hist. the Introduction of New Species 1856 " " Some Account of an Infant Orang-Outang 1856 " " On the Orang-Outang or Mias of Borneo Dec. 1856 " " On the Habits of the Orang-Outang of Borneo 1856 " " Attempts at a Natural Arrangement of Birds Nov. 22 1856 Chambers's Journ. A New Kind of Baby 1856 Journ. Bot. On the Bamboo and Durian of Borneo 1856 Zoologist Observations on the Zoology of Borneo 1856-8 Trans. Entomol. On the Habits, etc., of a Species Soc. of Ornithoptera inhabiting the Aru Islands 1856-9 " " Letters from Aru Islands and from Batchian Dec. 1857 Annals and Mag. Natural History of the Aru Islands of Nat. Hist. 1857 " " On the Great Bird of Paradise 1857 Proc. Geograph. Notes of a Journey up the Sadong Soc. River 1858 " " On the Aru Islands 1858 Zoologist Note on the Theory of Permanent " " and Geographical Varieties 1858 " " On the Entomology of the Aru Islands 1858-61 Trans. Entomol. Note on the Sexual Differences in Soc. the Genus Lomaptera 1859 Annals and Mag. Correction of an Important Error of Nat. Hist. affecting the Classification of the Psittacidae 1859 Proc, Linn. Soc. On the Tendency of Varieties to (iii. 45) Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type[72] Oct. 1859 Ibis Geographical Distribution of Birds Dec. 1859 Entomolog. Soc. Note on the Habits of Scolytidae and Bostrichidae 1860 Journ. Geograph. Notes of a Voyage to New Guinea Soc. 1860 Ibis The Ornithology of North Celebes 1860 Proc. Zool, Soc., Notes on Semioptera wallacii Lond. 1860 Proc. Linn. Soc. Zoological Geography of Malay (iv. 172) Archipelago 1861 Ibis On the Ornithology of Ceram and Waigiou 1861 " Notes on the Ornithology of Timor 1862 Proc. and Journ. On the Trade between the Eastern Geogr. Soc. Archipelago and New Guinea and its Islands 1862 Proc. Zool. Soc., List of Birds from the Sula Islands Lond. 1862 Ibis On some New Birds from the Northern Moluccas 1862 Proc. Zool. Soc., Narrative of Search after Birds of Lond. Paradise 1862 " On some New and Rare Birds from New Guinea 1862 " Description of Three New Species of Pitta from the Moluccas 1863 Annals and Mag. On the Proposed Change in Name of of Nat. Hist. Gracula pectoralis 1863 Entomol. Journ. Notes on the Genus Iphias 1863 Ibis Note on Corvus senex and Corvus fuscicapillus 1863 " Notes on the Fruit-Pigeons of Genus Treron 1863 Intellectual The Bucerotidae, or Hornbills Observer 1863 Proc. Zool, Soc. List of Birds collected on Island Lond. of Bouru April 1863 Zoologist Who are the Humming-Bird's Relations? June 1863 Royal Geograph. Physical Geography of the Malay Soc. Archipelago 1863 Proc, Zool. Soc., On the Identification of Hirundo Lond. esculenta, Linn. 1863 " List of Birds inhabiting the Islands of Timor, Flores and Lombok 1863 Annals and Mag. On the Rev. S. Haughton's Paper on of Nat. Hist. the Bee's Cell and the Origin of Species Jan. 1 Nat. Hist. Rev. Some Anomalies in Zoological and Botanical Geography Jan. 7 1864 Edinburgh New Ditto Journ. (Philos.) 1864 Proc. Zool. Soc., Parrots of the Malayan Region Lond. 1864 Anthropol. Soc. The Origin of Human Races and the Journ. Antiquity of Man deduced from Natural Selection 1864 Proc. Entom. Soc. Effect of Locality in producing and Zoologist Change of Form in Insects 1864 Proc. Entom. Soc. Views on Polymorphism 1864 Ibis Remarks on the Value of Osteological Characters in the Classification of Birds 1864 " Remarks on the Habits, Distribution, etc., of the Genus Pitta 1864 " Note on Astur griseiceps 1864 Nat. Hist. Rev. Bone Caves in Borneo 1865 Proc. Zool. Soc., List of the Land Shells collected Lond. by Mr. Wallace in the Malay Archipelago Jan. 1865 Trans. Ethnolog. On the Progress of Civilisation in Soc. North Celebes Jan. 1865 " On the Varieties of Man in the Malay Archipelago 1865 Proc. Zool. Soc., Descriptions of New Birds from the Lond. Malay Archipelago June 17 1865 Reader How to Civilise Savages* Oct. 1865 Ibis Pigeons of the Malay Archipelago 1866 Trans. Linn. Soc. On the Phenomena of Variation and (xxv.) (Abstract Geographical Distribution as in Reader, April, illustrated by Papilionidae of 1864) the Malayan Region 1866 Proc. Zoo. Soc., List of Lepidoptera collected by Lond. Swinton at Takow, Formosa 1866 Proc. Entomol. } Exposition of the Theory of Soc. } Mimicry as explaining Anomalies 1867 Zoologist } of Sexual Variation 1867 Intellectual The Philosophy of Birds' Nests Observer Jan. 1867 Quarterly Journ. Ice-Marks in North Wales of Sci. April 1867 " The Polynesians and their Migrations* July 1867 Westminster Rev. Mimicry and other Protective Resemblances among Animals Sept. 1867 Science Gossip Disguises of Insects Oct. 1867 Quarterly Journ. Creation by Law of Sci. 1867 Proc. Entomol. } Soc. } A Catalogue of the Cetoniidae of 1868 Trans. Entomol. } the Malayan Archipelago, etc. Soc. } Jan. 7 1868 Ibis Raptorial Birds of the Malay Archipelago 1868 Trans. Entomol. On the Pieridae of the Indian and Soc. Australian Regions 1868 - The Limits of Natural Selection applied to Man* 1869 Trans. Entomol. Note on the Localities given in Soc. the "Longicornia Malayana" 1869 Journ. of Travel A Theory of Birds' Nests and Nat. Hist. April 1869 Quarterly Rev. Reviews of Lyell's "Principles of Geology" (entitled "Geological Climates and Origin of Species") 1869 Macmillan's Mag. Museums for the People* 1869 Trans. Entomol. Notes on Eastern Butterflies (3 Soc. Parts) 1870 Brit. Association On a Diagram of the Earth's Report Eccentricity, etc. March 1871 Academy Review of Darwin's "Descent of Man" May 23 1871 Entomolog. Soc. Address on Insular Faunas, etc. 1871 " The Beetles of Madeira and their Teachings* Nov. 1871 Reply to Mr. Hampden's Charges 1873 Journ. Linnean Soc. Introduction to F. Smith's Catalogue of Aculeate Hymenoptera, etc. Jan. 4 1873 Times Spiritualism and Science April 1873 Macmillan's Mag. Disestablishment and Disendowment, with a Proposal for a really National Church of England* Sept. 16 1873 Daily News Coal a National Trust* Dec. 1873 Contemp. Rev. Limitation of State Functions in the Administration of Justice* Jan. 17 1874 Academy Reviews of Mivart's "Man and Apes" and A.J. Mott's "Origin of Savage Life" April 1874 Review of W. Marshall's "Phrenologist amongst the Todas" April 1874 Review of G. St. Clair's "Darwinism and Design" 1874 Ibis On the Arrangement of the Families constituting the Order Passeres May 1876 Academy Review of Mivart's "Lessons from Nature" 1877 Proc. Geograph. The Comparative Antiquity of Soc. Continents July 1877 Quarterly Journ. of Review of Carpenter's Sci. "Mesmerism and Spiritualism," etc. Sept. 1877 Macmillan's Mag. The Colours of Animals and and Oct. Plants Nov. 1877 Fraser's Mag. The Curiosities of Credulity Dec. 1877 Fortnightly Rev. Humming-Birds Dec. 1877} Athenaeum {Correspondence with W.B. Jan. 1878} " { Carpenter on Spiritualism Nov. 1878 Fortnightly Rev. Epping Forest, and How to Deal with it Feb. 1879 Contemp. Rev. New Guinea and its Inhabitants April 1879 Academy Review of Haeckel's "Evolution of Man" July 1879 Nineteenth Cent. Reciprocity: A Few Words in Reply to Mr. Lowe* July 1879 Quarterly Rev. Glacial Epochs and Warm Polar Climates Jan. 1880 Nineteenth Cent. The Origin of Species and Genera* Oct. 1880 Academy Review of A.H. Swinton's "Insect Variety" Nov. 1880 Contemp. Rev. How to Nationalise the Land* Dec. 4 1880 Academy Review of Seebohm's "Siberia In Europe" 1881 Rugby Nat. Hist. Abstract of Four Lectures on Soc. Rept. the Natural History of Islands Dec. 1881 Contemp. Rev. Monkeys: Their Affinities and Distribution* Aug. and 1883 Macmillan's Mag. The Why and How of Land Sept. Nationalisation* March 1884 Christn. Socialist The Morality of Interest The Tyranny of Capital 1886 Claims of Labour The Depression of Trade* Lectures Mar. 5 1887 Banner of Light Letter "In re Mrs. Ross (Washington, D.C.)" Mar. 17 1887 Independ. Rev. Review of E.D. Cope's "Origin of the Fittest" 1887 Nation " Oct. 1887 Fortnightly Rev. American Museums* 1888 The Action of Natural Selection in producing Old Age, Decay and Death June 1889 Land Nationalisation Address Soc. Sept. 1890 Fortnightly Rev. Progress without Poverty (Human Selection)* Oct. 1891 " English and American Flowers* Dec. 1891 " Flowers and Forests of the Far West* Jan. 1892 Arena Human Progress, Past and Future* 1892 Address to L.N.S. Herbert Spencer on the Land Question* Aug. 1892 Nineteenth Cent. Why I Voted for Mr. Gladstone Aug. and 1892 Natural Sci. The Permanence of Great Ocean Dec. Basins* Nov. 1892 Fortnightly Rev. Our Molten Globe* Dec. 1892 Natural Sci. Note on Sexual Selection Feb. 1893 Nineteenth Cent. Inaccessible Valleys* Mar. and 1893 Arena The Social Quagmire and the Way Apr. Out of it* Apr. and 1893 Fortnightly Rev. Are Individually Acquired May Characters Inherited?* Nov. 1893 " The Ice Age and its Work* Dec. 1893 " Erratic Blocks, etc. Lake Basins* 1893 Arena The Bacon-Shakespeare Case April 9 1894 Land Nationalisation Address on Parish Councils Soc. June 1894 Natural Sci. The Palearctic and Nearctic Regions compared as regards Families and Genera of Mammalia and Birds June 1894 Contemp. Rev. How to Preserve the House of Lords* July 1894 Land and Labour Review of F.W. Hayes' "Great Revolution of 1905" Sept. 1894 Natural Sci. The Rev. G. Henslow on Natural Selection* 1894 Smithsonian Rep. Method of Organic Evolution Oct. 1894 Nineteenth Cent. A Counsel of Perfection for Sabbatarians* 1894 Vox Clamantium Economic and Social Justice* Feb. and 1895 Fortnightly Rev. Method of Organic Evolution* March Oct. 1895 " Expressiveness of Speech or Mouth-Gesture as a Factor in the Origin of Language* 1895 Agnostic Annual Why Live a Moral Life?* May 1896 Contemp. Rev. How Best to Model the Earth* July 25 1896 Labour Leader Letter on International Labour Congress Aug. 1896 Fortnightly Rev. The Gorge of the Aar and its Teaching* Dec. 1896 Journ. Linn. Soc. The Problem of Utility: Are (v. 25) Specific Characters always or generally Useful? March 1897 Natural Sci. Problem of Instinct* 1897 "Forecasts of Re-occupation of Land, Solution Coming Century" of the Unemployed Problem* March 20 1898 Lancet Letter on Vaccination May 9 1898 Shrewsbury Chron. Letter to Dr. Bond and A.K.W. on Vaccination June 16, 21, 25, 1898 Echo " Aug. 15 Sept. 1 1898 The Eagle and the Darwinism and Nietzscheism in Serpent Sociology 1898 Printed for private Justice not Charity (Address to circulation International Congress of Spiritualists, London, June, 1898)* Dec. 31 1898 Academy Paper Money as a Standard of Value* Feb., 1899 Journ. Soc. Letters on Mr. Podmore re March, Psychical Res. Clairvoyance, etc. April May 1899 L'Humanite The Causes of War and the Nouvelle Remedies* Nov. 18 1899 Clarion Letter on the Transvaal War 1899 N.Y. Independent White Men in the Tropics* 1900 N.Y. Sun Evolution Nov. 1900 N.Y. Journ. Social Evolution in the Twentieth Century: An Anticipation 1900 Ralahine and its Teachings* True Individualism the Essential Preliminary of a Real Social Advance* 1901 Morning Leader An Appreciation of the Past Century Jan. 17 1903 Black and White Relations with Darwin March 1903 Fortnightly Rev. Man's Place in the Universe Sept. 1903 " Man's Place in the Universe. Reply to Critics Oct. 1903 Academy The Wonderful Century. Reply to Dr. Saleeby Nov. 12 1903 Daily Mail Does Man Exist in Other Worlds? Reply to Critics Jan. 1 1904 Clarion Anticipations for the Immediate Future, Written for the Berliner Lokalanzeiger, and refused Feb., 1904 Fortnightly Rev. An Unpublished Poem by E.A. April Poe, "Leonainie" Apr., 1904 Independent Rev. Birds of Paradise in the May Arabian Nights 1904 Anti-Vaccination Summary of the Proofs that League Vaccination does not Prevent Small-pox, but really Increases it 1904 Labour Annual Inefficiency of Strikes 1904 Clarion Letter on Opposition to Military Expenditure Vaccination Letter on Inconsistency of the Inquirer Government on Vaccination Oct. 27 1906 Daily News Why Not British Guiana? Five Acres for 2s. 6d. Nov. 1906 Independent Rev. The Native Problem in South Africa and Elsewhere Jan. 1907 Fortnightly Rev. Personal Suffrage, a Rational System of Representation and Election Feb. 1907 " A New House of Lords 1907 Harmsworth's "History How Life became Possible on the of the World" Earth Sept. 13 1907 Public Opinion Letter on Sir W. Ramsay's Theory: Did Man reach his Highest Development in the Past? Jan. 1 1908 N.Y. World Cable on Advance in Science in 1907 Jan. 18 1908 Outlook Letter on Woman Jan. 1908 Fortnightly Rev. Evolution and Character June and 1908 Socialist Rev. The Remedy for Unemployment July July 1908 Times Letter on the First Paper on Natural Selection July 1908 Delineator Are the Dead Alive? Aug. 14 1908 Public Opinion Is it Peace or War? A Reply Aug. 1908 Contemp. Rev. Present Position of Darwinism Sept. 1908 New Age Letter on Nationalisation, not Purchase, of Railways Dec. 1908 Contemp. Rev. Darwinism v. Wallaceism Christ 1908 Christian On the Abolition of Want -mas Commonwealth Jan. 22 1909 Royal Institution The World of Life, as Visualised, etc., by Darwinism Feb. 1909 Clarion pamphlet The Remedy for Unemployment (? Socialist Rev.) Feb. 6 1909 Daily News Flying Machines in War Feb. 12 1909 Daily Mail Charles Darwin (Centenary) Feb. 12 1909 Clarion The Centenary of Darwin March 1909 Fortnightly Rev. The World of Life (revised Lecture) April 8 1909 Daily News Letter on Aerial Fleets April 8 1910 " Man in the Universe Oct. 14 1910 Public Opinion A New Era in Public Opinion Jan. 25 1912 Daily Chronicle Letter on the Insurance Act Aug. 9 1912 Daily News A Policy of Defence Sept. 1912 The Nature and Origin of Life

III.—LETTERS, REVIEWS, ETC., IN "NATURE"

+ + + VOL. PAGE DATE SUBJECT + + + I. 105 1869 Origin of Species Controversy " 132 " " " " " 288, 315 1870 Government Aid to Science " 399, 452 " Measurement of Geological Time " 501 " Hereditary Genius II. 82 " Pettigrew's "Handy Book of Bees" " 234 " A Twelve-wired Bird of Paradise " 350 " Early History of Mankind " 465 " Speech on the Arrangement of Specimens " in a Natural History Museum (British " Association) " 510 " Glaciation of Brazil III. 8, 49 " Man and Natural Selection " 85, 107 " " " " " 165 " Mimicry versus Hybridity " 182 1871 Leroy's "Intelligence and Perfectibility of Animals" " 309 " Theory of Glacial Motion " 329 " Duncan's "Metamorphoses of Insects" " 385 " Dr. Bevan's "Honey Bee" " 435 " Anniversary Address at the Entomological " Society " 466 " Sharpe's Monograph of the Alcedinidae IV. 22 " Staveley's "British Insects" " 178 " Dr. Bastian's Work on the Origin of Life " 181 " H. Howorth's Views on Darwinism " 221 " " " " " 222 " Recent Neologisms " 282 " Canon Kingsley's "At Last" V. 350 1872 The Origin of Insects " 363 " Ethnology and Spiritualism VI. 237 " The Last Attack on Darwinism (Reviews) " 284, 299 " Bastian's "Beginnings of Life" " 328 " Ocean Circulation " 407 " Speech on Diversity of Evolution (British Association) " 469 " Houzeau's "Faculties of Man and Animals" VII. 68 " Misleading Cyclopaedias " 277 1873 Modern Applications of the Doctrine of " Natural Selection (Reviews) " 303 " Inherited Feeling " 337 " J.T. Moggridge's "Harvesting Ants and Trapdoor Spiders" " 461 " Cave Deposits of Borneo VIII. 5 1873 Natural History Collections in the East India Museum " 65, 302 " Perception and Instinct In the Lower " Animals " 358 " Dr. Page's Textbook on Physical Geography " 429 " Works on African Travel (Reviews) " 462 " Lyell's "Antiquity of Man" IX. 102 " Dr. Meyer's Exploration of New Guinea " 218 1874 Belt's "Naturalist in Nicaragua" " 258 " David Sharp's "Zoological Nomenclature" " 301, 403 " Animal Locomotion X. 459 " Migration of Birds " 502 " Automatism of Animals XII. 83 1875 Lawson's "New Guinea" XIV. 403 1876 Opening Address in Biology Section, British " Association " 473 " Erratum in Address to Biology Section, " British Association " 24 " Reply to Reviewers of "Geographical " Distribution of Animals" " 174 " "Races of Men" " 274 1877 Glacial Drift in California " 431 " The "Hog-wallows" of California XVI. 548 " Zoological Relations of Madagascar and " Africa XVII. 8 " Mr. Wallace and Reichenbach's Odyle " 44 " The Radiometer and its Lessons " 45 " Bees Killed by Tritoma " 100 " The Comparative Richness of Faunas and " Floras tested Numerically " 101 " Mr. Crookes and Eva Fay " 182 1878 Northern Affinities of Chilian Insects XVIII. 193 " A Twenty Years' Error in the Geography of " Australia XIX. 4 " Remarkable Local Colour-Variation in " Lizards " 121, 244 " The Formation of Mountains " 289 1879 " " " " 477 " Organisation and Intelligence " 501, 581 " Grant Allen's "Colour Sense" " 582 " Did Flowers Exist during the Carboniferous Epoch XX. 141 " Butler's "Evolution, Old and New" " 501 " McCook's "Agricultural Ants of Texas" " 625 " Reply to Reviewers of Wallace's " "Australasia" XXI. 562 1880 Reply to Everett on Wallace's "Australasia" XXII. 141 " Two Darwinian Essays XXIII. 124, 217, " Geological Climates 266 " 152, 175 " New Guinea " 169 " Climates of Vancouver Island and " " Bournemouth " 195 " Correction of an Error in "Island Life" XXIV. 242 1881 Tyler's "Anthropology" XXIV. 437 1881 Weismann's "Studies in the Theory of Descent" XXV. 3 " Carl Bock's "Head-Hunters of Borneo" " 381 1882 Grant Allen's "Vignettes from Nature" " 407 " Houseman's "Story of Our Museum" XXVI. 52 " Weismann's "Studies in the Theory of Descent" " 86 " Mueller's "Difficult Cases of Mimicry" XXVII. 481 1883 " " " " 482 " On the Value of the Neo-arctic as One of the Primary Zoological Regions XXVIII. 293 " W.F. White's "Ants and their Ways" XXXI. 552 1885 Colours of Arctic Animals XXXII. 218 " H.O. Forbes's "A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago" XXXIII. 170 1886 Victor Hehn's "Wanderings of Plants and Animals" XXXIV. 333 " H.S. Gorham's "Central American Entomology" " 467 " Physiological Selection and the Origin of Species XXXV. 366 1887 Mr. Romanes on Physiological Selection XXXVI. 530 " The British Museum and the American Museums XXXIX. 611 1889 Which are the Highest Butterflies? (Quotations from Letter of W.H. Edwards) XL. 619 " Lamarck versus Weismann XLI. 53 " Protective Coloration of Eggs XLII. 289 1890 E.B. Poulton's "Colours of Animals" " 295 " Birds and Flowers XLIII. 79, 150 " Romanes on Physiological Selection " 337 1891 C. Lloyd Morgan's "Animal Life and Intelligence" " 396 " Remarkable Ancient Sculptures from North-West America XLIV. 529 " David Syme's "Modification of Organisms" XLVI. 518 " Variation and Natural Selection XLV. 31 " Topical Selection and Mimicry " 553 1892 W.H. Hudson's "The Naturalist in La Plata" XLVI. 56 " Correction in "Island Life" XLVII. 55 " An Ancient Glacial Epoch in Australia " 175, 227 " The Earth's Age " 437 1893 The Glacial Theory of Alpine Lakes " 483 " W.H. Hudson's "Idle Days in Patagonia XLVIII. 27 " H.O. Forbes's Discoveries in the Chatham Islands " 73 " Intelligence of Animals " 198 " The Glacier Theory of Alpine Lakes " 267 " The Non-inheritance of Acquired Characters " 389 " Pre-natal Influences on Character " 390 " Habits of South African Animals " 589 " The Supposed Glaciation of Brazil XLIX. 3 1893 The Recent Glaciation of Tasmania " 52, 101 " Sir W. Howorth on "Geology in Nubibus" " 53 " Recognition Marks " 197, 220 1894 The Origin of Lake Basins " 333 " J.H. Stirling's "Darwinianism, Workmen and Work" " 549 " B. Kidd's "Social Evolution" " 610 " What are Zoological Regions? (Read at Cambridge Natural Science Club) L. 196 " Panmixia and Natural Selection " 541 " Nature's Method in the Evolution of Life LI. 533 1895 Tan Spots over Dogs' Eyes " 607 " The Age of the Earth LII. 4 " Uniformitarianism in Geology " 386 " H. Dyer's "Evolution of Industry" " 415 " The Discovery of Natural Selection LIII. 220 1896 The Cause of an Ice Age " 317 " The Astronomical Theory of a Glacial Period " 553 " E.D. Cope's "Primary Factors of Organic Evolution" " 553 " G. Archdall Reid's "Present Evolution of Man" LV. 289 1897 E.B. Poulton's "Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection" LIX. 246 1899 The Utility of Specific Characters LXI. 273 1900 Is New Zealand a Zoological Region? LXVII. 296 1903 Genius and the Struggle for Existence LXXV. 320 1907 Fertilisation of Flowers by Insects LXXVI. 293 " The "Double Drift" Theory of Star Motions ======+========+====+================================================



INDEX

A

"Acclimatisation," Wallace's article on, ii. 11

Acquired characters, non-inheritance of (see Non-inheritance)

Africa, flora of, i. 309

Agassiz, Louis, attacks Darwin's "Origin of Species," i. 142; glacial theories of, 176; on diversity of human races, ii. 28

Alexandria, Wallace at, i. 45-7

Allbutt, Sir Clifford, theory of generation, i. 214

Allen, Charles (Wallace's assistant), i. 39, 40, 46, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 60, 79

—— Grant, on origin of wheat, ii. 46; Wallace and, 219

Alpine plants, i. 210, 311

Amazon and Rio Negro, Wallace's exploration of, i. 26-30

Amboyna, Wallace at, i. 106

America, Wallace's lecture tour in, ii. 14

"Anatomy of Expression," Bell's, i. 182

"Ancient Britain and the Invasions of Julius Caesar," Holmes's, ii. 86

Angraecum sesquipedale, i. 189 (note)

Animals and plants, distribution of, Darwin's views, i. 131

"—— —— under Domestication," i. 112

—— geographical distribution of, i. 94, 136; migration of, Lyell's theory, ii. 19

"Antarctic Voyage," Scott's, ii. 82

"Anthropology," Tyler's, Wallace's review of, ii. 65; his interest in, 231 et seq.

Antiseptic treatment, medical opposition to, ii. 241

Ants, instincts of, i. 279

Apis testacea, i. 146

Archebiosis, i. 274-6

Argus pheasant, i. 230, 289, 292

Argyll, Duke of, i. 189, 313, 315, ii. 23; his theory of flight, 25-7

Arnold, Matthew, on Darwin's theory, ii. 228

Aru Islands, distribution of animals in, i. 132; productions of, 161

—— pig, i. 160, 161, 162

Astronomy, Wallace's works on, ii. 167 et seq.; lectures at Davos on, 168

"Australasia," Wallace's, i. 42

Australia, fauna and flora of, ii. 10, 20, 32-3

—— Wallace invited to lecture in, ii. 155

Avebury, Lord, i. 122, 137, 164; signs memorial to City Corporation in Wallace's favour, 303; and the Civil List pension to Wallace, 305

—— letter from, on Wallace's biography, and Spiritualism, ii. 212

Azores, birds of, i. 138; orchids of, 311

B

"Bad Times," Wallace's, ii. 109, 143

Baer, von, ii. 96

Bahamas, flora of, ii. 33

Baker, J.G., on alpine plants of Madagascar, i. 311-12

Balfour, Francis, i. 315

Bali, fauna of, ii. 19-20

Ball, Sir Robert, on solar nebula, ii. 174

"Barnacles," Darwin's, ii. 2

Barrett, Sir W.F., paper on "Phenomena associated with Abnormal Conditions of the Mind," ii. 195; on Wallace as lecturer, 201; inquiry into dowsing, etc., 205; invites Wallace's criticism of "Creative Thought," 212; last visit to Wallace, 248-9

—— letters from: on Presidency of Psychical Research Society, ii. 210-11; on a Supreme Directive Power, 213-14

Bartlett, on colouring of male birds, i. 302

Bates, F., i. 69

—— H.W., i. 24, 25; explores the Amazon, 26-30

—— —— letter from, on "Law regulating Introduction of New Species," i. 64

Bates's caterpillar, i. 178, 253

Bateson, Prof., Sir W.T. Thiselton-Dyerson, ii. 91

—— "Material for Study of Variation," ii. 60-1

Bats, fruit-eating, i. 57

Beagle, Darwin's voyage in the, i. 19, 31, 32, 33, 43

"———, Voyage of the," i. 31, 32, 34, ii. 2

Bee's cell, Prof. Haughton's paper on the, i. 148

Bees' combs, i. 135; a honeycomb from Timor, 143, 146

Beetles, Darwin's zeal for collecting, i. 18; Wallace's study of, 24; South American, 30; Wallace's collection of, 38,114

"Beginnings of Life," Bastian's, i. 274

Bell, Sir C., i. 182

Belt, Mr., glacial theory of, i. 298

Bendyshe, Mr., i. 165

Bennett, A.W., i. 253

Bentham, G., i. 219

Bergson, Wallace on, ii. 98

Bermuda, birds of, i. 138

Best, Miss Dora, letter to, on Welsh offer of a degree to Wallace, ii. 222

Biology and geographical distribution, Wallace's works on, ii. 1-17; correspondence on, 18-102

—— "Grand Old Men" of, ii. 12 (note)

Birch, Mr. F., ii. 177, 223-4

Bird of paradise, i. 41, 44, 238, 261

Birds, flight of, i. 145-6, ii. 25 et seq.; colour problem of, i. 184, 185, 212, 226-9, 230, 252, 289 (note), 302; polygamous, 194, 199; migration of, ii. 19, 20; instincts of, 54

Birds' nests, i. 134, 191, 212, 213, 252

"—— —— and Plumage," Wallace's, i. 191

"—— —— Philosophy of," Wallace's, i. 212, ii. 6, 8

Blackbird, crested, i. 163

Blainville, D., i. 162

Blandford, H.F., i. 290

Blood relationship, Galton on, i. 277

Blyth, E., i. 132

Blytt, Axel, essay on plants of Scandinavia, i. 293

Borneo, Wallace's collections from, i. 61; cave exploration, 152

—— Company, i. 38, 39, 40

Boston (U.S.A.), Wallace's lectures at, ii. 15

Botany, Darwin's study of, at Cambridge, i. 17; Wallace's study of, 20, 21, ii. 106

"——, Elements of," Lindley's, i. 21

Brazil, Wallace's explorations in, i. 29

Bree, Dr., i. 271 (note), 272-3

British Museum, original of Wallace letter in, i. 73

Broadstone, funeral of Wallace at, ii. 252

Bronn, H.G., translates "Origin of Species" into German, i. 141

Brooke, Capt., i 52

—— H. Jamyn, ii. 175

—— Sir James, i. 39, 52, 59-60, 152, 238

Bruce-Joy, Mr., portrait-medallion of Wallace, ii. 122, 254

Buckle, Rev. G., article by, on Lyell's "Principles," i. 232

Buckley, Miss (Mrs. Fisher), i. 260, 264, 313, 316, 319, ii. 40, 89, 90; reviews "Descent of Man," i. 264

Budd, Dr. Richard, ii. 58

Buffon and Evolution, i. 1

Buru, Wallace's collection of birds from, ii. 3

Bustards, i. 146

Butler, Samuel, "Life and Habit," ii. 102

Butterflies, Wallace's study of, i. 24; of South America, 30; of Malay Archipelago, 41-2; protective adaptation of, 140; variation and distribution of, 149; mimetic, 167, 168, 176, 178, 189 (note), 200, 213, 217, 224, 254, 300; sexual selection of, 179, 260 (note); flight of, ii, 26

C

Cambridge, Darwin at, i. 16, 17

—— Philosophical Society, attacks on "Origin of Species" at, i. 142

Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, ii. 146

Carbon, deposits of, i. 298

Carlyle, Thomas, ii. 228

Carpenter, Dr., his controversies with Wallace, ii. 195, 198

Carroll, Lewis, Wallace's quotations from, ii. 105

Casuarius, query from Darwin on, i. 239

Caterpillars, colouring of, i. 178, 179, 183, 236, 260, 270, 299

Celebes, i. 138, 237, 289; geological distribution in, 168

"Cessation of selection," ii. 52

Chambers, Robert, i. 114, 116, 244

Child's "Root Principles," ii. 83

Clairvoyance, ii. 200, 208, 211. (See also Spiritualism)

Claparede, critique of, on Wallace's "Natural Selection," i. 253, 254

Clarke, Prof., attacks Darwin at Cambridge Philosophical Society, i. 142

Clarkson, Thomas, ii. 225

Cleistogamic flowers, i. 298

Climates, geological, Wallace's theory of, i. 306

Climatic conditions, plants and, i. 130

"Climbing Plants, Movements and Habits of," Darwin's, i, 285, ii. 2

Coal, export duties on, Wallace's view of, ii. 250

Cockerell, Sydney C., ii. 161

—— Theo. D.A., ii. 49; and the Darwin Celebration at Cambridge, 226; first personal relations with Wallace, 233-5

"Coleoptera Atlantidum," Wollaston's, ii. 22-3

"Colin Clout's Calendar," ii. 46

Coloration, protective, i. 156, 177, 178-9, 181, 183, 184, 185-6, 201, 220, 221, 224 et seq., 260, 270, 298, ii. 4, 11, 85. (See also Protection, Mimicry)

Colour-adaptability, ii. 56

Confucius, Wallace's appreciation of, ii. 152

Conscience, evolution of, i. 263

"Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection," Wallace's, i. 94, 250, 252, ii. 5, 6

Cooke, Kate, medium, ii. 193, 194, 195

Co-operation, Wallace on, ii. 151-2

Cope, E.D., ii. 47

Copley Medals awarded to Wallace, ii. 128, 222

Coral islands, Lyell on, ii. 22

"—— Reefs," Darwin's, ii. 2

—— snakes, i. 187

Crawford, Marion, one of Wallace's favourite authors, ii. 131

"Creation by Law," Wallace's article on, i. 188, 192, ii. 6

"Creative Thought," Sir Wm. Barrett's, ii. 212-13, 249

"Creed of Science," Graham's, i. 318

Croll, James, i. 242, 305, 313, ii. 5, 13

Crookes, Sir W., and psychical research, ii. 87, 189, 191, 205; and Westminster Abbey memorial to Wallace, 253

Cross- and self-fertilisation, i. 169, 297, ii. 46

"Cross Unions of Dimorphic Plants," Darwin's, i. 218

"Crossing Plants," Darwin's, i. 296

Crotch, G., i. 262

D

"Darwin and After Darwin," Romanes', ii. 50

"—— and his Teachings," i. 170

"—— and 'The Origin,'" Poulton's, ii. 88 (note)

——, Charles, i. 1, 2; birth of, 5; autobiography, 5, 23 (note); ancestors, 6; at Shrewsbury Grammar School, 12; natural history tastes, 12; as angler, 12; egg-collecting, 12; humanity of, 13; leaves Shrewsbury Grammar School, 15; fondness for shooting, 16; at Cambridge, 16; medical studies, 16; theological studies, 17, ii. 184; tours in North Wales, i. 18; beetle-hunting, 18, 114; voyage in the Beagle, 18; theory of Natural Selection, 102, 107; reading, 103; visits Maer and Shrewsbury, 103; experiments, 103; Huxley and, 104; at work on Species and Varieties, 107; at Down, 109; receives presentation copy of Spencer's Essays, 124; appreciation of Wallace's magnanimity, 134, 137, 139, 141, 153, 164, 242, 252, 287, 304; falls from his horse, 243; on Wallace's review of "Descent of Man," 260-2; criticism of Wallace's "Geographical Distribution," 286, 289; at Dorking, 288; promotes memorial to City Corporation in favour of Wallace, 303; acknowledgment of "Island Life," 307-8; on migration of plants, 307 (note), 312; memorial to Gladstone on behalf of Wallace, 313; death of, 318

Darwin, Charles, letters to Wallace: On "Law regulating Introduction of New Species," etc., i. 106, ii. 129; on distribution of animals, i. 133; on his "Origin of Species," etc., 134, 136; on Wallace's "Zoological Geography of the Malay Archipelago," 137; inviting Wallace's opinion of the "Origin," 139; on protective adaptation of butterflies, 140; on Press reviews of "Origin," 141, 144; on theory of flight, 146; on Wallace as reviewer, 148; on Wallace's "Variation" and his paper on Man, 153; on sexual selection, 159; on Wallace's papers on pigeons and parrots, 160; on the Aru pig, 162; on the crested blackbird, etc., 163; on Wallace's "Pigeons of Malay Archipelago" and dimorphism, 166; on the non-blending of varieties, 169; on the term "survival of the fittest," 174; on sexual differences in fishes, 177; on colour of caterpillars, 178; on coloration and expression in man, 179; on sexual selection and expression, 182; on scheme for his work on Man, 183; on laws of inheritance, etc., 185; on Wallace's "Mimicry," 187; on Wallace's reply to Duke of Argyll, 189; on sexual selection and collateral points, 194; on pangenesis and sterility of hybrids, 197; on production of natural hybrids, etc., 201; on sexual selection, 204, 206, 207; on northern alpine flora, 211; on Wallace's article on "Birds' Nests," and on mimetic butterflies, 212; on Sir Clifford Allbutt's sperm-cell theory, and on female protected butterflies, 214; on Wallace's "Protective Resemblance," 216; on dimorphic plants and colour protection, 220; on the colour problem of birds, 225, 229, 231; on fifth edition of "Origin of Species," 233; on single variations, 234; on Wallace's "Malay Archipelago," 235, 237, 240; on Wallace's review of Lyell's "Principles," 242; on baffling sexual characters, 245; on Wallace's paper, "Geological Time," 250; on Wallace's views on Man, 250, 251; on Wallace's "Natural Selection," 252; on Wallace's criticism of Bennett's paper, 253; on his "Descent of Man" and St. G. Mivart, 257; on Wallace's review of "Descent of Man," 260; on Chauncey Wright's criticism of Mivart, 264; on a Quarterly review, 269, 291; on Fritz Mueller's letter on mimicry, 270; on Dr. Bree, 271, 272; on Bastian's "Beginnings of Life," 274, 278; on ants, 279; criticising Wallace's review of "Expression of the Emotions," 280; on Spencer and politics, 283; on Utricularia, 284; on Wallace's "Geographical Distribution of Animals," 286, 289, 292; on Wallace's article on Colours of Animals, etc., 299; on Wallace's "Origin of Species and Genera," 304; on Wallace's "Island Life," 307; on land migration of plants, 312; on memorial for Wallace pension, 314, 315; on mimicry, 316; on political economy and "Creed of Science," 318; on land question, 319 ——, Erasmus, i. 6; on the Wallace-Darwin episode, 127

—— Sir Francis, and "Life and Letters of Charles Darwin," i. 118, 119, 120, 122

—— Sir G., Expulsion theory of, ii. 180

——, Mr. Horace, letter from his father, on discoverers, ii. 242 (note)

—— Major Leonard, i. 145, 146

—— Dr. Robert Waring, i. 6, 18

"Darwinism," Wallace's, i, 212, 218, ii. 2, 14, 15, 75, 90, 109; plan of, 15-17; Spencer's objection to title, 47

Davos, Wallace's lecture at, ii. 204

Dawson, Sir J.W., attack on Natural Selection, i. 142

De Rougemont, Wallace on, ii. 76

De Vries on mutation, ii. 80, 96

Decaisne's paper on flora of Timor, i. 236

Deformities, article on, in Chambers's Encyclopedia, ii. 57

Dendrobium devonianum, i. 23

Denudation, theory of, i. 250, 309, ii. 71, 72, 73

Deposition, theory of, i. 309, ii. 72, 73

"Descent of Man," Darwin's, i. 152, 255, 259, 284, 289 (note), ii. 2, 34; review in Pall Mall Gazette, i. 263; in Spectator, 263

"Development of Human Races under Law of Natural Selection," Wallace's, ii. 6, 183

"Different Forms of Flowers and Plants of the Same Species," Darwin's, i. 298, ii. 2

Dimorphism, i. 167, 202, 220

Dipsomania, Wallace on, ii. 68

Discontinuous variation, ii. 62, 63

Disuse, physiological effects of, i. 69

Divining rod, experiments with, ii. 205, 206-8, 211

Dixey, Dr., ii. 79

Domestic selection (see Selection, domestic)

Domestication, variation under, i. 192

Dowsing for water, etc., ii. 205, 206-8, 211

Dunraven, Lord, and psychical research, ii. 199

"Duration of Life," Weismann's, ii. 44, 45

Dyaks, i. 55, 59

E

Earl, W., on distribution of animals in Malay Archipelago, i. 138

"Early History of Mankind," Tylor's, i. 164, 165

Earth, formation of, ii. 179; Wallace's views on, 168 et seq.

"Earthworms," Darwin's, i. 320, ii. 2

Edinburgh, Darwin in, i. 16, 17

Education, Wallace's views of, ii. 147

Edwards, W.H., "Voyage up the Amazon," i. 25

Eight hours' day, Wallace on, ii. 156

"Encyclopedia of Plants," London's, i. 21, 23, 92

Entomological Society, i. 35; discussion on mimicry at, 176; Wallace's Presidential Address to, 126

Eocene Period, i. 308, 312

Epping Forest, superintendency of, Wallace and, i. 302-4, 306

Erotylidae, i. 65

Erskine of Linlathen on evolution, ii. 228

"Essays on Evolution," Poulton's, ii. 61 (note), 79 (note), 84, 85

"—— upon Heredity," Weismann's, ii. 45, 51, 52

Eugenics, ii. 160, 246; term disliked by Wallace, 150, 246; and segregation of unfit, letter from Wallace on, 160

Evans, Miss, ii. 226

Evil, origin of, ii. 149

Evolution, theory of, Lamarck and, i. 1, 109; Lyell and, 76, 142, 239; as conceived in "Vestiges of Creation," 91, 92 (note) et seq.; Darwin and, 103 et seq., 122-4; notable converts to, 137, 139, 141, 219, 221, 239; Wallace's views on, 240, 256, 294, ii. 78, 94, 95; Sir W.T. Thiselton-Dyer on, 97, 185. (See also Selection)

"—— and Adaptation," Morgan's, ii. 79

—— and Mendelism, Wallace on, ii. 93

"Evolution of the Stellar System, Researches on," ii. 178

"—— Theories of," Poulton's, ii. 61

"Evolutionist at Large," ii. 46

"Expanse of Heaven," Proctor's, ii. 80

"Exposition of Fallacies in the Hypotheses of Darwin," Bree's, i. 271 (note), 272-3

"Expression, Anatomy of," Bell's, i. 182

—— in the Malays, i. 182, 191

"—— of the Emotions," Darwin's, i. 279, ii. 2; review of, i. 280-1

"Expressiveness of Speech, etc., in the Origin of Language," Wallace's, ii. 65

F

Facsimile of Wallace's inscription on envelope containing his first eight letters from Darwin, i. 128

Faraday on Spiritualism, ii. 188

Farmer, W.J., ii. 101

Farrer, Mr., i. 304

Fauna, British, i. 307

Felis of Timor, i. 138

Fellenberg and R.D. Owen, ii, 225

Ferns, Lawrence on, ii. 40

"Fertilisation of Orchids," Darwin's, i. 189 (note), ii. 2

—— self- and cross-, i. 169, 297, ii. 46

Finger-prints, Gallon's papers on, ii. 48-9

"First Principles," Spencer's, Wallace's admiration of, i. 125

Fish, sexual differences in, i. 178

Fisher, Mrs. (see Buckley, Miss)

—— O., "Physics of the Earth's Crust," Wallace on, ii. 74

FitzRoy, Capt., i. 33

Flight, theory of, i. 145-6, ii. 25 et seq.

Flora, endemic, ii. 43

"Floral Structures," Henslow's, ii. 46

Flourens' criticism of Darwin's theory, i. 160

Flowers, tropical, i. 238; cleistogamic, 298

Flustra, Darwin's article on larvae of, i. 16

Forbes, Dr. Henry, ii. 12 (note); estimation of Wallace, 229-33, 239

—— Prof., i. 96, 99, 100, 132, 139, 189, 248

Forel and Darwin, i, 294, 296

"Forms of Flowers," Darwin's, i. 298

Fossils, i. 20

"Foundations," Sir F. Darwin's, ii. 92

Free trade and monopoly, Wallace's views on, ii. 152

"Freeland," Wallace's opinion of, ii. 114

"Fuel of the Sun," M. Williams's, i. 263-4

G

Galapagos Islands, i. 97, 103; fauna of, i. 295, ii. 13

Galaxias, i. 290

Galton, Sir Francis, on heredity, ii. 45; on organic stability, 60; introduces term Eugenics, 246

—— letter from, on finger-marks, ii. 48-9

Gaertner, i. 195

Geach, C., i. 79, 191, 245

Geddes, Prof. Patrick, ii. 12 (note), 41, 43

Geikie, Sir A., i. 122, ii. 71, 253

General Enclosure Act, ii. 140

"Genesis of Species," Mivart's, i. 257, 264, 265-7, 291, ii. 31

Geodephaga, exotic, i. 69

Geographical distribution and biology, Wallace's writings on, ii. 1-17; correspondence on, 18-102

"—— —— of Animals," Wallace's, i. 42, 286, ii. 1-2, 8, 32, 233, 286-7, 289-94

"—— —— of Mammals," Murray's, i. 181

"—— —— of Plants," Sir W.T. Thiselton-Dyer's, ii. 90

Geographical distribution of plants and animals, i. 94, 95, ii. 13

Geography, old-time teaching of, i. 11; organic, 95; zoological, ii. 9

"Geological Climates and the Origin of Species," Wallace's, ii. 5

—— distribution of plants and animals, i. 94, 95, 136

"—— History of Man," Lyell's, i. 142

"—— Observations on South America," Darwin's, ii. 2

—— time, Wallace's paper on, i. 249

Geology, Darwin's studies in, i. 16, 17

George, Rt. Hon. D. Lloyd, Wallace's letter to, on the railway strike, ii. 163; Wallace's admiration of, 164-5, 249

—— Henry, i. 17, 317; meets Wallace, ii. 143

"Germ Plasm," Weismann's, ii. 72

"Germinal Selection," Weismann's, ii. 68, 70

Glacial period, theory of, i. 149, 176, 177, 248, 251, 287, 298, 307, 308-10, ii. 6, 13

Gladstone, W.E., recommends Wallace for a pension, i. 313

—— letter from, on onomatopoeia, ii. 66-7

Gould, Dr. Aug., on land shells, i. 133

——, John, list of humming-birds, ii. 23; Sclater's distrust of, 24

Graham's "Creed of Science," i. 318

Grant, Dr., article on Flustra, i. 16; advocacy of Evolution by, 122

Granville, Lord, ii. 67

Gray, Asa, i. 76, 139; defends Darwin, 142

Great Exhibition of 1862, i. 79

Greenell, Mary Ann (Mrs. T.V. Wallace), i. 9

Growth, economy of, ii. 53

Gurney, Edmund, and telepathy, ii. 200

H

Habinaria, i. 311

"Habit and Intelligence," Murphy's, i. 246, 249

Haeckel, Prof., and the Darwin-Wallace Jubilee, i. 120

Hall, John, sends Wallace orchids from Buenos Ayres, ii. 129

—— Spencer, lectures on mesmerism, ii. 182

Hardinge, Mrs., medium, ii. 188, 189

Hare, Prof. A., ii. 57

Hart, Capt., i. 79

Haughton, Prof. S., criticises Darwin's "Origin of Species," i. 142; on "The Bee's Cell and Origin of Species," 148

Haweis, Rev. H.R., ii. 204

Hayward, Mr., i. 21, 92

Heliconiidae, i. 65

Helmes, L.V., reminiscences of Wallace's visit to Sarawak, i. 38-40

Hemsley, Dr. W.B., ii. 43

Henderson, Rev. J.B., ii. 209

Henslow, Prof., Darwin's friendship with, i. 17; defends Darwin, 142

Herdman, Mr., inaugural address to Liverpool Biological Society, ii. 45

Heredity, Weismann's essays on, ii. 44-5, 51; Galton on, 45

Herschel, Sir J., i. 17

Hertford Grammar School, i. 11, 14

Heterogenesis, i. 274 (note), 275, 278

Heterostyled plants, illegitimate offspring of, i. 298

Hodgson's Psychical Research Report, ii. 203

Holland, Sir H., on pangenesis, i. 197

Holmes, T. Rice, ii. 86

Home, D.D., medium, ii. 189, 199

Home Rule, Wallace's advocacy of, ii. 152

Homer, onomatopoeic examples in, ii. 66, 67

Honeycomb sent by Wallace to Darwin, i. 143

Hooker, Sir Joseph, birth of, i. 5, 76; on oak trees, 56; and the Darwin-Wallace joint paper, 71, 111, 113, 119, 134, 136, 137, 139; receives the Darwin-Wallace Medal, 117; speech at Darwin-Wallace jubilee, 117; Darwin's appreciation of, 135, 137; introduction to "Flora of Australia," 139; on pangenesis, 197; visits Darwin at Freshwater, 219; signs memorial to City Corporation in Wallace's favour, 303; opinion on Wallace's "Island Life," 307

——, Sir Joseph, letters from: on "Island Life," ii. 32-3; acknowledging Wallace's "Life," etc., 82-3

Hopkins's review of the "Origin of Species," i. 144

Hopkinson, Prof. A., and Spiritualism, ii. 200

Howorth, Sir H.H., on subsidence and elevation of land, i. 277

Hubrecht, Prof., ii. 80; alleges differences between Darwin and Wallace, 87

Hudson's "Scientific Demonstration of a Future Life," ii. 203

Huggins, Sir W., and psychical research, ii. 198, 199

Hughes, Hugh Price, Wallace's opinion of, ii. 204

—— letter from, on Wallace's "Justice, not Charity," ii. 157

Humboldt's "Personal Narrative," i. 17, 164, 238

Humming-birds, ii. 23, 24

Huxley, T.H., i. 1, 5, 76, 116, 137; meets Wallace, 35; appreciation of Wallace, 94; first interview with Darwin, 104; and Herbert Spencer, 123; and the memorial to Gladstone as to a pension for Wallace, 313; and psychical research, ii. 198; opinion as to Wallace joining Royal Society, 220; on Henslow, 251

—— letters from, declining Wallace's invitation to investigate "curious phenomena," ii. 187-8

Hybrids, sterility of, i. 130, 195 et seq.; and Natural Selection, 195 et seq.; infertility of, 297

Hyder, Mr. J., ii. 161, 252

Hyndman, Mr. H.M., letter from, acknowledging Wallace's birthday congratulations, ii. 164

I

"Ice-Marks in North Wales," Wallace's, i. 177

"Illustrations of British Insects," i. 23 (note)

"Immigration of Norwegian Flora," Blytt's, i. 293

Immortality, Wallace's views on, ii. 176

Indian Mutiny, i. 68

Indians, American, Bates's opinion of, ii. 29

Individual adaptability and natural selection, ii. 55

"Insectivorous Plants," Darwin's, i. 284, 285, ii. 2

Insects, migration of, Lyell on, ii. 19; theory of flight, 26

Instinct, Archdall Reid's views of, ii. 67

"—— in Man and Animals," Wallace's, ii. 6

"Introduction to Study of Natural Philosophy," Herschel's, i. 17

"Is Mars Habitable?" Wallace's, ii. 172

"Island Life," Wallace's, i. 42, 305, 306-7, ii. 5, 12-14, 32, 33, 72, 75

Islands, continental, i. 305, ii. 12

—— oceanic, i. 138, 210-12, 305, ii. 12

J

Jameson's lectures on geology and zoology in Edinburgh, i. 16

Janet's "Materialism of the Present Day," i. 170, 172, 173, 175

Jardine, Sir W., criticism of "Origin of Species," i. 142

Java, birds of, i. 87; flora of, 86; mountains of, 85-6; volcanoes of, 85, 86

Jencken, Mrs., ii. 198

Jenkin, Fleeming, on limitations to variation, i. 190; Darwin on, 233, 234; Wallace on, 234

Jensen and De Rougemont, ii. 76

Jessopp, Rev. Augustus, letter on land nationalisation, ii. 157

Joan of Arc, works on, ii. 204

Jones, Sir Rupert, on Miocene or Old Pliocene Man in India, ii. 62

—— Mr. W. Braunston, birthday ode by, ii. 248

Jordan, Mr., ii. 129

Josiah Mason College, Birmingham, Wallace and, i. 306

"Journal of Researches," Darwin's, i. 18, 25, 37, 43

Judd, John W., and Wallace medallion, ii. 253

Jukes, J.B., a supporter of Darwin, i. 141

K

Kane, Mrs., ii. 198

Keltie, Dr. J. Scott, on Wallace's exploration in Brazil, i. 29

Kelvin, Lord (see Thomson, Sir W.)

Kempe, Sir A.B., signs petition for Wallace memorial, ii. 253

Keyerling and the Darwinian theory, i. 141

Kidd, Mr. Benjamin, and "equality of opportunity," ii. 158

Kingsley, Canon, letter to Wallace on "Malay Archipelago," ii. 30-1

Knight, Prof., ii. 176; his reminiscences of Wallace, 228

Knollys, Lord, ii. 223

Kolreuter, i. 195

Krefft, Dr. G., i. 316

Kropotkin, Prince, "Memoirs of a Revolutionist," i. 89

L

Lamarck and Evolution, i. 1, 109, 242

Lambs, instincts of, ii. 54

Land laws, Wallace and, ii. 140

—— molluscs, Darwin on, i. 131, 132, 287, 292

—— nationalisation, Wallace and, ii. 141

—— —— Society, foundation of, ii. 143

"—— ——," Wallace's, i. 317, ii. 109, 143

—— shells, i. 132, 133, 262

—— Tenure Reform Association, Wallace and, ii. 143

Lankester, Sir E. Ray, receives Darwin-Wallace Medal and speaks at Jubilee celebration, i. 121; replies to a Darwin Centenary article in the Times, ii. 89; a signatory to Wallace memorial petition, 253

Larmor, Sir J., and Wallace national memorial, ii. 253

"Law regulating Introduction of New Species," Wallace's, i. 93, 94, 105, 129, ii. 6, 21

Le Gallienne, Mr., meets Wallace, ii. 204

Lecky's "Rationalism," Darwin on, i. 164; Wallace on, 165-6

"Lectures on Man," Lawrence's, i. 91

Legge, Col., conveys to Wallace the Order of Merit, ii. 224

Lemuria, continent of, i. 289

Lepidoptera, colour-adaptability in, ii. 56

Lewes, G.H., and pangenesis, i. 220; and origin of species, 221

Leyden Museum, i. 87

"Lhasa," Waddell's, ii. 82

Life after death, Wallace's belief in, ii. 181

"—— and Habit," Samuel Butler's, ii. 102

"—— and Letters of Charles Darwin," i. 118, 119, 120, 122-3, 127, 260 (note), 263 (note), 273 (note), 274 (note), ii. 184

——, origin of, Spencer on, i. 125-6

—— —— Wallace's views on, ii. 168

"Limits of Natural Selection as applied to Man," Wallace's, ii. 6

Lindley, Dr., "Elements of Botany," i. 21; article on orchids by, 23

Linnean Society, Darwin-Wallace communication to, i. 71, 89, 109, 118, 122; Jubilee of event, 110 et seq., ii. 127

Lip-expression, efficacy of, ii. 67

Littledale, Dr., reminiscences of Wallace, ii. 132-3, 136

Lock's "Variation, Heredity, and Evolution," ii. 84

Lodge, Sir Oliver, reply to Haeckel, ii. 83; Romanes lecture, 178-80; address at Psychical Research Society, 205; and the national memorial to Wallace, 253

Lombok, fauna of, ii. 19, 20

Loennberg, Prof., i. 122

"Looking Backward," ii. 114

Lophura viellottii, i. 230

Loudon's "Encyclopedia of Plants," i. 21, 23, 92

Lowell, Prof. Percival, "Mars and its Canals," ii. 172, 175-7

Lubbock, Sir John (see Avebury, Lord)

Lunn, Sir H., meets Wallace, ii. 204

Lyell, Sir C., birth of, i. 5; and the Darwin-Wallace joint essay, 71, 109, 111, 113, 118, 119, 134, 136, 139, ii. 19; as Evolutionist, i. 76, 142, 239; on extinction of species, 98; and Wallace's "Law regulating Introduction of New Species," 132; defends Darwin, 142; on pangenesis, 200; and the "Fuel of the Sun," 263

—— letters from: on "Origin of Races of Man," ii. 18; on geographical distribution, 19; on Wallace's "Law regulating Introduction of Species," etc., 21; on humming-birds, shells, etc., 23; on Wallace's "Mimicry of Colours," 25; on diversity of human races, 28-9; on Wallace's "Malay Archipelago," 30; on Wallace's "Geographical Distribution," 32

Lyell, Sir Leonard, i. 120

Lythrum, trimorphism of, i. 161, 169

M

McAndrew, Mr., on littoral shells of the Azores, ii. 24

Macmahon, Dr. P.A., and the Wallace medallion, ii. 253

Madagascar, i. 290 (note); fauna of, 188, 189, 192, 293, 295; flora of, 311-13

Madeira, land shells in, i. 132; birds in, 138

"Maha Bharata," Wallace's appreciation of, ii. 116

Malaria, Wallace on, ii. 241

Malay Archipelago, Wallace's explorations in, i. 35-42; distribution of animals in, 138

"—— ——," Wallace's, i. 42, 121, 133, 140, 235, 237; ii. 30, 143, 159, 230, 231; translations of, i. 245

"Malayan Papilionidae," Wallace's, i. 153, ii. 4, 6, 231

Malthus on "Population," i. 103, 104, 111, 116, 136, 175, 317

Man, influence of sexual selection on, i. 154, 155, 180, 181, 182, 183; geographical distribution of, 156; zoological classification of, 157; original colour of, ii. 29.

——, origin of, Darwin's views of, i. 154-5, 243 (see also "Descent of Man")

—— —— Wallace's views of, i. 91-2, 152-3, 155 et seq., 221, 240, 243, 250, 256, ii. 31

"Man's Place in the Universe," ii. 102, 120, 167, 170 et seq., 178

Mantegazza, colour theory of, i. 299

Marchant, James, ii. 100; and the Wallace memorial, ii. 253; letter from Bishop Ryle to, 254

"Mars," Wallace's, ii. 122, 172-3, 175-7

"—— and its Canals," Lowell's, ii. 172, 175-7

Marshall, Mr. J.W., ii. 53, 209, 226

—— Dr. W., i. 279

Martineau, James, Darwin on Spencer's reply to, i. 272

"Material for Study of Variation," Bateson's, ii. 60-1

"Materialism of the Present Day," Janet's, i. 170, 172, 173, 175

Maternal impressions, ii. 57-8

Matthew, P., anticipates theory of Natural Selection, i. 116, 142

Maw, Mr., reviews "Origin of Species," i. 144

Melastoma, i. 150, 151

Meldola, Prof. Raphael, lecture on Evolution by, i. 123; death of, ii. 35; criticism of Romanes' theory, 36; on importance of "divergence," 41-2; President of Entomological Society, 63; reminiscences of Wallace, 226; at Wallace's funeral, 252; and the Abbey memorial, 253

Mendelism, ii. 84; Dr. Archdall Reid's view of, 85; and Evolution, Wallace on, 93

Menura superba, i. 183 (note)

Mesmerism, Wallace and, i. 24, ii. 182

Meyer, Dr. Adolf Bernhard, i. 248, 249

Mias, i. 53, 56, 57, ii. 30

Mill, John Stuart, invites Wallace to join Land Tenure Reform Association, ii. 143

Mill's "Siege of the South Pole," ii. 82

Miller, Mr. Ben R., letter to, ii. 98

Mimetic butterflies, i. 167, 168, 176, 178, 179, 189 (note), 200, 213, 217, 224, 254, 300

"Mimicry, and Other Protective Resemblances," Wallace's, ii. 6, 8, 25

"—— and Protective Colouring," Wallace's, i. 179, 187

—— Bates's theory of, i. 225

—— Darwin on, i. 316

——, Wallace on, i. 167 (note), 168-9, 176

Miocene Period, i. 294, 308, 309, 312

"Miracles and Modern Spiritualism," Wallace's, ii. 11, 178, 183

Missionaries, Wallace's and Darwin's impressions of, compared, i. 36-8; Wallace on, 47, 50, 62-3

Mitten, Miss, ii. 252

—— Mr. William, ii. 35, 253

Mivart, St. G., controversy with Mr. G. Darwin, i. 291; his "Genesis of Species," 257-8, 264, 265-7, ii. 31

Moluccas, birds of, ii. 3

Monistic theory, ii. 177

Monkeys, influence of, on distribution of pigeons and parrots, i. 166 (note), 167

Monopoly and free trade, Wallace on, ii. 152

"More Letters," i. 127, 195, 288 (note), 312 (note)

Morgan, Prof. Lloyd, Wallace on, ii. 67, 68

—— T.H., "Evolution and Adaptation," ii. 79

Morley, Mr. John (Lord), correspondence with, ii. 159

Morton, Dr., on American race problem, ii. 28

Moths, Jenner Weir's observations on, i. 179

Mott, Mr., on Haeckel, i. 298; on progression of races, ii. 86

Mould, formation of, by agency of earthworms, i. 319

Mount Ophir (Malay), i. 51

Mouth-gesture as factor in origin of language, ii. 65

"Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants," Darwin's, i. 285, 311, ii. 2

Mailer, Fritz, "Fuer Darwin," i. 164; on mimetic butterflies, 189 (note), 270, 300

—— Hermann, i. 189 (note)

Murchison, Sir Roderick, and Wallace, i. 36; on Africa, 159

Murphy, Mr. M.J., ii. 164

Murphy's "Habit and Intelligence," Wallace's review of, i. 246, 249

Murray, Andrew, attacks Darwin's "Origin of Species," i. 142; opposes Trimen's views on mimetic butterflies, 201

Murray's "Geographical Distribution of Mammals," i. 181

Mutation theory, ii. 79, 84

"My Life," Wallace's, i. 6, 10 (note), 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 29-30, 92 (note), 107, 125, 126, 127, 178, 253, 307 (note), 312 (note), ii. 4, 5, 11, 12, 14, 81, 82, 149, 178, 202

Myers, F.W.H., and telepathy, ii. 200, 202; on Wallace as lecturer, 202

—— letter from, on Vaccination pamphlet, the "Malay Archipelago," etc., ii. 202-3

N

Naegeli's essay on Natural Selection, i. 241

Nathusius on the Aru pig, i. 162

Natural Selection (see Selection, natural)

"—— —— Action of, in producing Old Age, Decay, and Death," Wallace's, ii. 44

"—— —— Contributions to the Theory of," Wallace's, i. 94, 250, 252, ii. 5, 6

"—— —— from a Mathematical Point of View," Bennett's, i. 253

Nebular hypothesis, Spencer's, i. 151; Wallace on, ii. 174

Neo-Lamarckians, ii. 47, 60, 64

New Zealand, aborigines of, i. 239; colonisation of, 290; fauna and flora of, 291, 295, 305, 307, ii. 20, 33, 34

"Newton of Natural History," the, i. 76

Newton, Prof. A., i. 105, ii. 8, 36

"Nicaragua," Belt's, ii. 36

Non-inheritance of acquired characters, ii. 44-5, 54, 70, 71, 72, 73; Prof. Poulton's address on, 79

Norman, Dr., and Wallace, ii. 137

Norris, Dr. Richard, i. 244, ii. 136

—— Miss, ii. 136

"Norwegian Flora, Immigration of," Blytt's, i. 293

O

Oceanic islands, colonisation of, i. 132, 133, 138, 290; flora of, 210-212, 305

Onomatopoeia, ii. 66

Orang-utans, i. 53, 56, 57, ii. 30

"Orchids," Darwin's, i. 143, 297

—— Wallace's admiration of, i. 23, ii. 114; epiphytal, i. 23; of the Azores, 311

"Origin of Species," Darwin's, i. 67, 72, 76-8, 112, 121, 124, 125, 129, 134, 136, 139, 141, 146, 164, 174, 176, 224, 240, 241, 244, 246, 264-5, 271, ii. 1, 2, 77; reviews of, i. 142, 144

—— —— (see Selection)

"—— —— and Genera," Wallace's, i. 304

"—— of the Fittest," Cope's, ii. 47

"—— of the Races of Man," Wallace's, ii. 18

Ornithoptera croesus, i. 41

—— poseidon, i. 42

Orr, Henry B., ii. 60

Osborn, Prof. H.F., on Wallace, ii. 239

Ostriches, Wallace on, i. 145; Darwin on, 146-7

Owen, Sir R., Darwin's opinion of, i. 139; attacks Darwin's theory, 142, 144, 157, 199

—— Robert, and Wallace, i. 15, ii. 139, 148, 182, 225

—— Robert Dale, ii. 225

P

Pacific Islands, land shells in, i. 133

Pain, Wallace on, ii. 244

Pangenesis, i. 196 et seq., 219, 220, 276, ii. 102

Panmixia, ii. 52, 53

Papilio, polymorphic species of, i. 168

—— sarpedon choredon, i. 316

"Papilionidae of the Malay Region," Wallace's, i. 153, ii. 4, 6, 231

Para, Wallace at, i. 26, 29; products of, 27

Parrots, Wallace's paper on, i. 160, ii. 4

"Passerine Birds," Wallace's, ii. 231

Pastrana, Julia, i. 181

Patagonia, plains of, i. 32

"Permanence of Oceanic Basins," Wallace's, ii. 74

Permian period, i. 290

Perry, John, and Wallace national memorial, ii. 253

"Personal Narrative," Humboldt's, i. 17, 164, 238

Pheasants, Argus, i. 230, 289, 292

"Phenomena of Variation and Geographical Distribution," Wallace's, i. 153

Phillips' attack on Darwin's "Origin of Species," i. 142

Phrenology, Wallace's belief in, i. 24, ii. 237

"Physical Geography of the Malay Archipelago," Wallace's, ii. 232

"—— History of Man," Prichard's, i. 91, 116, ii. 73

"Physics of the Earth's Crust," Fisher's, ii. 74

Physiological selection (see Selection, physiological)

Pickard-Cambridge, Rev. O., reminiscences of Wallace, ii. 131

Pictet, Prof. F.J., reviews the "Origin of Species," i. 141, 144

Pigeons, domestic, i. 130

"—— of the Malay Archipelago," Wallace's, i. 166, ii. 4

"Plants, Crossing," Darwin's, Wallace on, i. 296-7

—— geographical distribution of, i. 94; effect of climatic conditions on, 130; heterostyled, 298; migration of, 307 (note), 310, 311-12, 313-14, ii. 32, 34-5; Lyell on migration of, 19-20; variety of form and habit in, 54

"Plants of India and Indo-Oceanic Continent," Blandford's, i. 290

Pleistocene Period, i. 308

Pliocene Period, i. 292, 294, ii. 22

Podmore, Frank, effect on, of Hodgson's Psychical Research report, ii. 203; report by, in Proceedings of Psychical Research Society, 204; proposed as President, 211

Polymorphism, Wallace on, i. 168

"Population, Essay on," Malthus's, i. 103, 104, 111, 116, 136, 175, 317

"—— Theory of," Spencer's, i. 124

Poulton, Prof., and Weismann's "Essays upon Heredity," ii. 44-6; paper on colours of larva, pupa, etc., 54; appointed Hope Professor of Zoology in Oxford University, 57; exposure of an American Neo-Lamarckian by, 60; Presidential Address to British Association, Wallace's criticism of, 71; Presidential Address to Entomological Society, 79; on Wallace, 227; at funeral of Wallace, 252; and the Westminster Abbey memorial, 253

Poverty, Wallace's views on, ii. 145 et seq.

"Power of Movement in Plants," Darwin's, i. 311, ii. 2

Prain, Sir D., and Wallace memorial in Westminster Abbey, ii. 253

"Prehistoric Times," Lubbock's, i. 164, 165-6

"Present Evolution of Man, The," Archdall Reid's, ii. 67, 73

Price, Prof. B., formally offers D.C.L. degree to Wallace, ii. 217

Prichard's "Physical History of Man," i. 91, 116, ii. 73

Primula, Darwin's paper on, i. 218

"Principles of Geology," Lyell's, i. 135, ii. 5

"—— of Psychology," Spencer's, i. 123

"—— of Sociology," Spencer's, i. 126

Proctor, R.A., i. 263; "Expanse of Heaven," ii. 180

"Progress and Poverty," Henry George's, i. 317, 318, ii, 143

Protection, principle of, i. 140, 177, 184, 186, 189, 192, 199, 205, 212 et seq., 214 et seq., 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226 et seq., 235-6, 252, 256, 257-9, 270, 291, 299-300 (see also Coloration, protective, and Mimicry)

"Protective Resemblance," Wallace's, i. 214

"—— Value of Colour and Markings in Insects," ii. 38

Protoplasm, origin of, Sir W. Thiselton-Dyer on, ii. 96-7

"Psychic Philosophy," Desertis's, ii. 203

Psychical research, Wallace and, ii. 181, 186 et seq., 196, 199

—— —— Society, foundation of, ii. 196

Pteropus edulis, i. 54

Purdon, Dr., ii. 195

R

Ramsay, Andrew, Darwin on, i. 141

—— Sir Wm., and Wallace national memorial, ii. 253

Rathbone, Reginald B., reminiscences of Wallace, ii. 124-7

"Rationalism," Lecky's, i. 164-6

"Regression to the mean," ii. 69

Reichenbach, experiments of, with sensitives, ii. 196, 197

"Reign of Law," Duke of Argyll's, ii. 23

"Researches," Prichard's, i. 91, 116, ii. 73

"—— on Evolution of Stellar Systems," ii. 179-80

"Revolt of Democracy," Wallace's, ii. 104, 144, 145, 251

Rhynchaea, i. 183, 184

Rice, Dr. Hamilton, survey of Uaupes River, i. 29

Ridgeway, Dr., Bishop of Salisbury, ii. 252

Ridley, Mr. H.N., ii. 76

Ripon, Lord, i. 277

Rogers, H.D., Darwin on, i. 141

Romanes, G.J.: theory of physiological selection, i. 218, ii. 36; Meldola's criticism of, 36, 49-50; Wallace's criticism of, 63 et seq.; his accusation against Wallace, 235-7

"Root Principles," Child's, ii. 83

Rothschild, the Hon. Lionel (Lord), Wallace's admiration of his butterflies, ii. 88, 129

Royal Geographical Society, and exploration of Uaupes River, i. 29

—— Institute, the, Wallace's lecture at, ii. 87, 127, 222

Rudimentary organs, i. 100

Russell, Mr. Alfred, letter to, ii. 158

Russia, Czar of, manifesto of, ii. 158

—— Wallace on, ii. 161

Ruetimeyer, researches on mammals in Switzerland by, i. 251

Ryle, Bishop, and the medallion of Wallace, 254; sermon at its unveiling, 254-5

S

Sadong River, Wallace's exploration of, i. 93

Salisbury, Bishop of, at funeral of Wallace, ii. 252

—— Marquis of, view of Natural Selection, ii. 59, 60; translation of his address, 65

Santiago, Darwin at, i. 34

Sarawak, Wallace in, i. 28, 38-40, 93, 106

Scandinavia, distribution of plants in, i. 293

Schaffhausen, Dr., almost anticipates Natural Selection, i. 142

"Scientific Aspect of the Supernatural," Wallace's, ii. 186

"—— Demonstration of a Future Life," Hudson's, ii. 203

Sclater, P.H., on Wallace's "Malay Archipelago," i. 139-140; and Lemuria, 290 (note); division of earth into zoological regions, ii. 8; distrust of Gould, 24

Scott, Dr. Dukinfield H., speech at presentation of Darwin-Wallace Medals, i. 110-112; at Wallace's funeral, ii. 252; and the Wallace memorial in Westminster Abbey, 254

Scott's "Antarctic Voyage," ii. 82

Sedgwick, Prof., and Darwin, i. 17, 18; attacks Darwin at Cambridge Philosophical Society, 142

See, T.J.J., ii. 179-80

Seeman, Berthold, i. 199, 201, 210, 211

Segregation of the unfit, Wallace on, ii. 160-1, 246

Selection, domestic, i. 130, 134, 136, 160, 161, 167, 181, 183, 186, 189 (note), 192, 208, 215, 226, 228, 231, 257, 299

—— natural, theory of, i. 155, 156, 170 et seq., 195 et seq., 218, 240, 267, 298, 301, ii. 16-17, 63, 75, 94, 96, 98, 101, 150; discovery of, i. 2, 89-126; anticipations of, 116, 142, 176; Spencer's alternative term for, 125, 171; Lord Salisbury's conception of, ii. 59, 60, 65; Neo-Lamarckians and, 64

—— physiological, Romanes' theory of, i. 218, ii. 36, 49-50, 63 et seq., 235-7

—— sexual, i. 157, 159, 177, 179, 182, 185-6, 194, 199, 203, 204, 212 et seq., 216-17, 220, 224-5, 227 et seq., 256, 261, 298, 299

Self-fertilisation, i. 169, 297, ii. 46

"Shall we have Common Sense?" Sleeper's, ii. 98, 99

Sharpe, Mr. J.W., reminiscences of Wallace, ii. 107-9

Shells, Lyell on, ii. 24

Shipley, Dr. A.E., and Wallace medallion in Westminster Abbey, ii. 253

Shrewsbury Grammar School, Darwin and, i. 12, 15

Sidgwick, Prof, and Mrs. H., telepathic experiments by, ii. 199, 200; Wallace's remarks on, 200-1

"Siege of the South Pole," Mill's, ii. 82

Silk, George, i. 52, 87; Wallace's friendship with, 10; walking tour in Switzerland with Wallace, 35

Sims, Mrs. (sister of A.R. Wallace), i. 30, 44, 56, 60, 62, 64, 85

—— Thomas, i. 63, 73

Singapore, Wallace at, i. 36

Slade, prosecution of, ii. 197

Sleeper, George W., ii. 98, 99, 100

Smedley, Mr. E., ii. 83, 100, 163, 175, 215

Smith, Dr. Edwin, ii. 210

"Social Environment and Moral Progress," Wallace's, ii. 104, 144-5, 250

"—— Statics," Spencer's, i. 123, 150, ii. 143

Socialism, Wallace's first lessons in, and later views of, i. 15, 16, ii. 139 et seq.; "individualistic," 114; Wallace's definition of, 152

Society for Psychical Research, foundation of, ii. 196

"Sociology, Principles of," i. 126

"—— Study of," Spencer's, i. 283

Solar nebula, lecture by Sir R. Ball on, ii. 174

—— system, central position of, ii. 171

South America, fauna of, ii. 10

Special creation, i. 189 (note), 190, 192, ii. 23, 185

Species, mutability of, i. 78, 137; law of introduction of, 96, 101-2; extinction of, 98. (See also Selection, natural)

Spencer, Herbert, birth of, i. 5; and Evolution, 122, 123; arguments with Huxley on Evolution, 123; sends Darwin a copy of his Essays, 124; suggests "survival of the fittest" as alternative to "natural selection," 125, 171; Wallace's relations with, 125; Darwin's approval of "survival of the fittest," 174; autobiography of, ii. 211

—— letters from: on "Origin of the Races of Man," ii. 18; on theory of flight, 27-8; on "Darwinism," 47; on Lord Salisbury's view of Natural Selection, 59, 60, 65; on Land Nationalisation Society, 154; on "Progress and Poverty," etc., 154-5

Spilosoma menthastri, i. 179

Spiritualism, Wallace's belief in, ii. 122, 167, 178, 181 et seq., 239-40; Huxley on, 187; Lord Avebury on, 212

Spiritualists, Association of, ii. 198, 199

Spontaneous generation, i. 274

Spruce, Mr., i. 150, 161, 166, 232

Stanley, Dean, at Linlathen, ii. 228

Stephens' "Illustrations of British Insects," i. 23 (note)

Sterility, Natural Selection and, Meldola on, ii. 41-2

Stevens, Samuel, i. 26, 48, 49, 54, 71, 72, 102, 105, 143

Stewart, Prof. Balfour, and telepathy, ii. 200

Strahan, Dr. A., and Wallace memorial, ii. 253

Strang, Mr., chalk portrait of Wallace by, ii. 224

Strasburger, Prof. Eduard, receives Darwin-Wallace Medal, i. 120; tribute to Wallace, 120; on Wallace's "Malay Archipelago," ii. 231

Stuart-Menteith, C.G., ii. 160

"Studies, Scientific and Social," Wallace's, ii. 143, 147

"Study of Variation, with regard to Discontinuity in Origin of Species," Bateson's, ii. 60-1

"Subsidence and Elevation of Land," Sir H.H. Howorth's, i. 277

—— theory of, i. 132, 160, 212, 238, 286, 309

Survival of the fittest, i. 125, 171, 174-5, ii. 59 (see also Selection, natural)

Sus papuensis, i. 161, 162

—— scrofa, i. 162

Swinton, Mr. A.C., ii. 155

Synthetic philosophy, Spencer's, i. 1, 123, 124

Switzerland, Wallace's visits to, i. 35, ii. 204

T

Telepathy, ii. 181, 186 et seq., 196, 199

"Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from Original Type," Wallace's, i. 109; loss of MS., 127, ii. 7

Ternate, Wallace at, i. 36, 68, 107, 108; volcanic eruption of 1849 in, 68; Wallace's paper on Natural Selection sent to Darwin from, i. 106, ii. 39

Tertiary Period, i. 159, 292, 294, 295

Thayer's theory of animal colouring, ii. 36

"Theories of Evolution," Poulton's, ii. 61

"Theory of Development and Heredity," Orr's, ii. 60

"—— of Natural Selection from a Mathematical Point of View," Bennett's, i. 253

"—— of Population," Spencer's, i. 124

Thiselton-Dyer, Sir W.T.: appreciation of Wallace by, i. 4; at Darwin-Wallace Jubilee, 122; paper on geographical distribution of plants by, ii. 90

—— letters from: on Darwin Commemoration volume, ii. 91; on Sir F. Darwin's "Foundations" and the Darwin celebration, 92; on Evolution and the fundamental powers and properties of life, 95-8; asking Wallace to join Royal Society, 219, 220-1; on Romanes' charge of plagiarism, 236-7

Thompson, Prof. Silvanus P., signs petition for national memorial to Wallace, ii. 253

Thomson, Prof. J.A., ii. 12 (note)

—— Sir W. (Lord Kelvin), on age of world, i. 242, 250, 268, ii. 75

Thought transference (see Telepathy)

"Threading my Way," R.D. Owen's, ii. 225

Timor, birds of, i. 80, ii. 4; mammalia of, i. 133, ii. 4; fossils of, i. 138, 148, 290; Darwin receives honeycomb from, 143, 146; flora of, 237

Transmutation of species, i. 123, ii. 23

"Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro," Wallace's, i, 30, 35

Trees, tropical, i. 86

Trimen, Mr., paper on mimetic butterflies by, i. 200, 201

Trimorphism in plants, i. 161, 202, 220

Tropical forests, Darwin's description of, i. 31-2; denizens of, 31

"—— Nature," Wallace's, ii. 11

Turner, Dr., orchids of, ii. 114

—— Mr. H.H., signs petition for national memorial of Wallace, ii. 253

Tylor, E.B., "Early History of Mankind," i. 164; Wallace on, 165; "Anthropology," ii. 65

Tyndall, John, birth of, i. 5; and psychical research, ii. 198

U

Uaupes, Indians of, i. 31; exploration of, i. 29

Unfit, segregation of, ii. 160-1, 246

United States, Wallace's lecturing tour in, ii. 14

"Unparalleled Discoveries of Mr. T.J.J. See, Account of," ii. 178

Utricularia, i. 284-5

V

Vaccination, Wallace and, ii. 149, 202, 237, 240-1; Rev. H. Price Hughes on, 158; Frederic Myers and, 206

"Variation, Heredity, and Evolution," Lock's, ii. 84

—— of birds, i. 162-3

"Variations of Animals and Plants under Domestication," Darwin's, i. 112, 189, 195, 197, 199, ii. 2

Variety, Wallace's differentiation of, from species, i. 91-2, 96, 97, 101, 115, 167 (note), 169, 173, 205, 210, 234, ii. 21, 62, 63, 70

Varley, C.F., i. 244

Vegetarianism, Wallace on, ii. 158

"Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation," i. 91, 92 (note)

Victoria, Queen, approves of pension to Wallace, i. 315

"Vignettes from Nature," Grant Allen's, ii. 46

Vogt, Prof., i. 221

Volcanic eruptions and migration, Lyell's theory of, ii. 19

"Voyage of the Beagle," Darwin's, i. 31, 32, 34, ii. 2

"—— up the Amazon," Edwards's, i. 25

W

Waddell's "Lhasa," ii. 82

Waddington, Mr. Samuel, ii. 77

Wages, question of, ii. 156

Waimate (N.Z.), missionary settlement at, i. 37

Wallace, Alfred Russel: co-discoverer of Natural Selection, i. 1, 2, 105, 106, 107, 111, 112, 113, 136, 139, 153, 158, ii. 39-40; early years, i. 5-44; nervousness, 7, 14, 35, ii. 134; his father, i. 8; his mother, 8, 9, 30; first experiments, 9, 19-20; schooldays, 11; geographical studies, 11; love of reading, 13; pupil teacher at Hertford Grammar School, 14; interest in Socialism, 15, 27, ii. 151 et seq., 181; land-surveying, i. 15, 17, 19, ii. 139, 182; astronomical studies and writings, i. 20, ii. 167 et seq.; early interest in zoology and geology, i. 20; first telescope, 20, ii. 168; love of botany, i. 20, 21, ii. 106; his herbarium, i. 22; as watchmaker, 23; interest in phrenology and mesmerism, 24, ii. 181, 182; studies beetles and butterflies, i. 24, 114; school teacher at Leicester, 24; voyage to Amazon, 26 et seq.; explores Uaupes River, 29; fire at sea and loss of collections, 29, 30; first meeting with Darwin, 35, 105, ii. 62; meets Huxley, i. 35; visits Switzerland, 35, ii. 204; visits Singapore, i. 36; on missionaries, 37-8, 47, 48, 50, 62-3; in Sarawak, 38-40; beetle and butterfly collecting, i. 38, 41-2, 114, 237, ii. 4-5; ill-health of, i. 40, 79; enthusiasm as naturalist and collector, 40-2, 115; journey in a "prau," 42; early letters, etc., 45-88; Darwin-Wallace joint paper read before Linnean Society, 71, 89, 109, 118, 122; Darwin's appreciation of his magnanimity, 71, 106, 118, 134, 137, 139, 141, 153, 164, 242, 252, 287, 304; attack of intermittent fever, 107, 108; jubilee of Darwin-Wallace essay and his speech, 110 et seq; relations with Spencer, 125; Presidential Address to Entomological Society, 126; reads proofs of Spencer's "principles of Sociology," 126; correspondence with Darwin, 127-320; inscription on envelope containing Darwin's first eight letters, 128; sends Darwin a honeycomb, 143; reads Spencer's works, 147, 150; "expose" of Rev. S. Haughton's "Bee's Cell," 148; his opinion of Agassiz, 149; and the origin of man, 152, 153, 154, 155 et seq., 240; and Darwin's paper on climbing plants, 162; on a crested blackbird, 163; on the Reader, 165; on mimicry, 167 (note), 168, 176, 179; approves of term "survival of the fittest," 171; birth of a son, 188; later views on Natural Selection, 217, 218; dedicates "Malayan Travels" to Darwin, 232; birth of a daughter, 234; visits Wales, 247; reviews "Descent of Man," 260; on Chauncey Wright and Mivart, 265-7; Bethnal Green Museum directorship, 277; and second edition of "Descent of Man," 281 (note), 282, 283; social and political views, 283, 317, 319, ii. 139-65, 245-7; at Dorking, i. 294, 297, ii. 106; and the superintendency of Epping Forest, i. 302, 303, 304, 306, ii. 106; writes a work on Geography, i. 304, ii. 14; recommended for a Civil List pension, i. 313-16; works on Biology, etc., ii. 3 et seq.; articles for "Encyclopaedia Britannica," 11; lectures at Boston, U.S.A., 15; correspondence on biology, geographical distribution, etc., 18-102; on theory of flight, i. 145, ii. 25-8; and Mivart's "Genesis of Species," 34; friendship with Meldola, 35; theory of animal heat, 35; and Romanes, 36 et seq., 49 et seq.; on ferns, 40; on sterility and Natural Selection, 41 et seq.; admitted to Royal Society, 55, 56, 221, 222; on "discontinuous variation," 62-3; theory of mouth-gesture as a factor in origin of language, 65; on non-heredity of acquired characters, 70; his last public lecture, 87, 222-3; two of his works translated into Japanese, 100; home life, 103-138; domesticity of, 104; skill at chess, 107; Examiner in Physiography at South Kensington, 109; as housebuilder, 110, 111, 119-120; honours from scientific societies, 113; enthusiasm for orchids, 114; his method of writing, 120-1, 243; and psychical research, 122, 167, 181-215, 239-40; daily routine, 123-4; sense of humour, 125-6, 132, 133, 134, 226, 227, 228; receives the Order of Merit, 127-9; his Sarawak spider, 131; failing health, 135 et seq.; death, 138, 252; funeral, 252; memorial in Westminster Abbey, 253-5; lists of writings, 257 —— —— —— letters to his mother: announcing arrival at Singapore, i. 47; describing work at Singapore, 48; on Malacca and missionaries, 49; on his collections and visit to Rajah Brooke, 51; on the Rajah, 59; on correspondence from Darwin and Hooker, and his Aru collection, 71; on plans for collecting at Java, and impending return to England, 83

—— —— —— letter to his wife, sending plants from Furka Pass, ii. 115

—— —— —— letters to his son, Mr. W.G. Wallace: on building of house at Parkstone, ii. 111-13; on purchase of land at Broadstone and garden plans, 117-18; enclosing ground plan of house and describing progress, 118-20; on "Man's Place in the Universe," and Spiritualism, 121-2; requesting revision of "Mars," 122; on forthcoming lecture at the Royal Institution, and conferment of Order of Merit, 127-9; on discovery of a rare moth and beetles in root of an orchid, 129-30; on the railway strike, 163-4

—— —— —— letters to his daughter Violet: on "victims of Landlordism," ii. 113; on "Freeland" and "Looking Backward," 114; on orchid growing, 114; on use of a wagging tail, 115-16; on "Maha Bharata," 116; on eight hours' movement, 156

—— —— —— letter to Lord Avebury, on Bill for bird preservation, i. 162

—— —— —— letters to Sir W.F. Barrett: on the nebular hypothesis, ii. 174; on Mars, 176; on experiments with sensitives and on prosecution of Slade, 197; on Dr. Carpenter, 198; regretting inability to attend Dublin meeting of British Association, 199; on the advocacy of vaccination, 206; on dowsing, 206-8; on presidency of Psychical Research Society, 208; on "Creative Thought" and on ministry of angels, 213; explaining his criticisms of "Creative Thought," 214-15

—— —— —— letter to F. Bates, on exotic insect-collecting, i. 69

—— —— —— letters to H.W. Bates: on Darwin's Journal, i. 25; on "Law regulating Introduction of New Species" and Ternate, 65; congratulating him on arriving home, 72; on Darwin, 73

—— —— —— letters to Mr. F. Birch: on "Mars," ii. 177; announcing conferment of Order of Merit, 223-4

—— —— —— letter to Mr. H. Jamyn Brooke, on monism, ii. 177

—— —— —— letters to Miss Buckley (Mrs. Fisher): on "Descent of Man," ii. 31-2; on physiology of ferns, etc., 40-1; on infinity of life-forms, 89-90; on house-planning at Broadstone, 119-20; on Turks, 153; on his "Reciprocity" article, 153; on the earth as only habitable planet, 175; on Spiritualism, 188-95; on psychical and other works, 203-4; on his visit to Switzerland, 204; on re-incarnation and theosophical writings, 205; on psychical research and Spencer's "Autobiography," 211; on conferment of Order of Merit, 222; on his autobiography, and Owen, 224-5; on reviews of "My Life," 225-6

—— —— —— letter to Mr. Sydney C. Cockerell, on Kropotkin's Life, ii. 161

—— —— —— letter to Mr. Theo. D.A. Cockerell, on fertilisation, ii. 49

—— —— —— letters to Charles Darwin: on the Timor honeycomb, i. 143; on Darwin's "Orchids," 143; on theory of flight, 145; on Spencer's "Social Statics," 150; on Borneo exploration and his contribution to theory of man's origin, 152; on his paper on Man and Natural Selection, 155; on the Aru Islands, 161; on a case of variation becoming hereditary, 162; on the Reader, 165; on dimorphism, 168; suggesting "survival of the fittest" in preference to "natural selection," 170; on mimicry and glacier action, 176; on expression, 180; on "Creation by Law," 188, 192; on superintendency of a Museum, 193; on sterility of hybrids, 196; on natural selection as producing sterility of hybrids, and pangenesis, 199; on Trimen's paper at the Linnean Society, 201; on selective sterility, 203, 205, 210; on Darwin's "Cross Unions of Dimorphic Plants," 218; on protection and sexual selection, 221, 222, 227; on the dedication of "Malayan Travels," etc., 232; on single variations, 234; on colouring of caterpillars, 235; on his "unscientific" opinions on Man, 243, 250, 255; on wing-scales of butterflies, 244; on Dr. Meyer, 248; on "Descent of Man," 255, 259, 284; recommending two remarkable books, 263; on Mivart and Chauncey Wright's critique, 265; on Darwin's answer to Mivart, 271; on Dr. Bree, and Bastian's "Beginnings of Life," 273; on a Bethnal Green Museum appointment, 277; on Darwin's "Expression of the Emotions," 279; on invitation to undertake revision work for Darwin, 281, 282; on "Climbing Plants," 285; on Darwin's criticism of "Geographical Distribution," 288, 294; on Darwin's "Crossing Plants," 296; on Darwin's "Orchids," 297; on Darwin's "Forms of Flowers," and glacial theory, 298; on sufficiency of Natural Selection, 300; on Epping Forest superintendency, 302, 303; on "Island Life," 305, 306; on Darwin's criticism of "Island Life," 308; on Darwin's "Movements of Plants," 311; on land migration of plants, 311; on Civil List pension, 314, 315; on "Progress and Poverty," 317; on Darwin's "Earthworms," 320

—— —— —— letters to Sir Francis Darwin: on Darwin's "Life and Letters," ii. 39; on descent with modification, 78; on mutation, 80

—— —— —— letter to Mr. W.J. Farmer, on final cause of varying colour of hairs, etc., ii. 101-2

—— —— —— letter to Dr. W.B. Hemsley, on insular floras, ii. 43-4

—— —— —— letter to Rev. J.B. Henderson, on Christianity, ii. 209

—— —— —— letter to Sir J. Hooker, on Natural Selection, etc., ii. 81-2

—— —— —— letters to Huxley: enclosing a copy of "The Scientific Aspect of the Supernatural," ii. 187; on psychical research, 188

—— —— —— letter to Mr. J. Hyder, on land nationalisation, ii. 161

—— —— —— letter to Prof. Knight, on immortality, ii. 178

—— —— —— letter to Dr. Littledale, acknowledging birthday congratulations, ii. 136

—— —— —— letters to Sir Oliver Lodge: on proof of constant variability, and Lord Kelvin's calculations, ii. 74-5; on principle of continuity, etc., 178-9; acknowledging Romanes' lecture and criticising lectures by Mr. See, 179-80

—— —— —— letter to Sir C. Lyell, on colour of man, ii. 29

—— —— —— letters to Mr. J.W. Marshall: on Hudson's observations and theories, ii. 53-4; conveying condolences, and views on a hereafter, 209; on his autobiography, 226

—— —— —— letters to Prof. Meldola: on physiological selection, ii. 36-8; on Natural Selection, 41, 42-3; on Meldola's controversy with Romanes, 50-1; on individual adaptability, 55-6; on "discontinuous variation," 62-3; on Weismann's "Germinal Selection," 68-70; on Weismann's doctrine of non-inheritance of acquired characters, 70-1; on Weismann's "Germ Plasm," 72; on Fisher's "Physics of the Earth's Crust," 74; on Meldola's offer to read Wallace's paper at Royal Institute, 87-8

—— —— —— letter to Mr. Ben. R. Miller, on Sleeper's "Shall we have Common Sense?" ii. 98-9

—— —— —— letter to Mr. John (Lord) Morley, on Socialism, ii. 159

—— —— —— letter to Mr. M.J. Murphy, on Mr. Lloyd George, ii. 164-5

—— —— —— letter to Dr. Norris, on increasing weakness, ii. 136-7

—— letter to Miss Norris, on health and diet, ii. 136

—— —— —— letters to Prof. E.B. Poulton: on "Protective Value of Colour and Markings in Insects," ii. 39; on Weismann's "Essays upon Heredity," 44, 45; on Grant Allen's theory of origin of wheat, 46; on Cope's "Origin of the Fittest," 47; on Weismann's additional essays, 51-3; on non-heredity of acquired characters, 54-5; on maternal impression, 56-8; on Bateson's "Material for the Study of Variation," 60-1; on Poulton's "Theories of Evolution," 61-2; criticising Romanes, 63-5; on Poulton's Presidential Address to British Association, 71-2; on denudation and deposition, 73; on mutation, 79; on Poulton's Presidential Address to Entomological Society, 79; on Mendelism and mutation, 84; on Poulton's Introduction to "Essays on Evolution," 85-6; on invitation to lecture at Royal Institution, 87; on Lord Rothschild's butterflies, and Royal Institution lecture, 88-9; on an article in the Times, 89; on Bergson, 98; on Sleeper's alleged anticipation of Darwinism, 99-100; on declining the Oxford D.C.L. degree, 217-18; agreeing to accept the degree, 218