But how long would we be able to endure this?

I no longer kept a log during these days and I find merely this one note: "Temperature must not rise any higher if the men are to remain any longer in the engine-room."

But they did endure it. They remained erect like so many heroes, they did their duty, exhausted, glowing hot, and bathed in sweat, until the storm centre lay behind us, until the weather cleared, until the sun broke through the clouds, and the diminishing seas permitted us once more to open the hatches.[4]

[Footnote 4: (C)]

The Deutschland was now near her goal. Without any trouble she entered Hampton Roads and was docked at Baltimore. There her cargo was discharged and her return cargo loaded. This latter operation involved many difficulties. During her stay a United States Government Commission made a detailed inspection of the Deutschland to determine beyond all question her mercantile character. But at last the day of departure, August 1, had arrived. Properly escorted she made the trip down the Patapsco River and Chesapeake Bay. On her way down she made again diving trials which Captain Koenig describes as follows:

In order to see that everything else was tight and in good order, I gave the command to set the boat upon the sea bottom at a spot which, according to the reading upon the chart, had a depth of some 30 meters.

Once again everything grew silent. The daylight vanished the well-known singing and boiling noise of the submerging vents vibrated about us. In my turret I fixed my eyes upon the manometer. Twenty meters were recorded, then twenty-five. The water ballast was diminished—thirty meters appeared and I waited the slight bump which was to announce the arrival of the boat at the bottom.

Nothing of the sort happened.

Instead of this the indicator upon the dial pointed to 32—to 33—to 35 meters....

I knocked against the glass with my finger—correct—the arrow was just pointing toward thirty-six.

"Great thunder! what's up?" I cried, and reached for the chart. Everything tallied. Thirty meters were indicated at this spot and our reckoning had been most exact.

And we continued to sink deeper and deeper.

The dial was now announcing 40 meters.

This was a bit too much for me. I called down to the central and got back the comforting answer that the large manometer was also indicating a depth of over forty meters!

The two manometers agreed.

This, however, did not prevent the boat from continuing to sink.

The men in the central began to look at one another....

Ugh! it gives one a creepy feeling to go slipping away into the unknown amidst this infernal singing silence and to see nothing but the climbing down of the confounded indicator upon the white-faced dial....

There was nothing else to be seen in my turret. I glanced at the chart and then at the manometer in a pretty helpless fashion.

In the meantime the boat sank deeper; forty-five meters were passed—the pointer indicated forty-eight meters. I began to think the depth of the Chesapeake Bay must have some limit; we surely could not be heading for the bottomless pit? Then—the boat halted at a depth of fifty meters without the slightest shock.

I climbed down into the central and took counsel with Klees and the two officers of the watch.

There could be only one explanation; we must have sunk into a hole which had not been marked upon the chart.[5]

[Footnote 5: (C)]



When orders were now given to rise, it was found that the exhaust pumps refused to work. After a while, however, the chief engineer succeeded in getting them started. They reached the surface after about two hours of submergence.

It was dark by the time the merchant submarine was approaching the three-mile limit. Outside of it hostile warships were lying in wait. That the Deutschland escaped them well illustrates the fact that submarines may be kept by various means from entering a bay or a harbour, but that to blockade their exit is practically impossible. This is how Captain Koenig speaks of his escape.

We knew that the most dangerous moment of our entire voyage was now approaching. We once more marked our exact position, and then proceeded to make all the preparations necessary for our breaking through.

Then we dived and drove forward. All our senses were keyed to the utmost, our nerves taut to the breaking-point with that cold excitement which sends quivers through one's soul, the while outwardly one remains quite serene, governed by that clear and icy deliberation which is apt to possess a man who is fully conscious of the unknown perils toward which he goes....

We knew our path. We had already been informed that fishermen had been hired to spread their nets along certain stretches of the three-mile limit; nets in which we were supposed to entangle ourselves; nets into which devilish mines had very likely been woven....

Possibly these nets were merely attached to buoys which we were then supposed to drag along after us, thus betraying our position....

We were prepared for all emergencies, so that in case of extreme necessity we should be able to free ourselves of the nets. But all went well.

It was a dark night. Quietly and peacefully the lighthouses upon the two capes sent forth their light, the while a few miles further out death lay lowering for us in every imaginable form.

But while the English ships were racing up and down, jerking their searchlights across the waters and searching again and again in every imaginable spot, they little surmised that, at times within the radius of their own shadows, a periscope pursued its silent way, and under this periscope the U-Deutschland.

That night at twelve o'clock, after hours of indescribable tension, I gave the command to rise.

We Had Broken Through!

Slowly the Deutschland rose to the surface, the tanks were blown out and the Diesel engines flung into the gearing. At our highest speed we now went rushing toward the free Atlantic.[6]

[Footnote 6: (C)]

The homeward voyage was completed without untoward incident and long before the month had ended, the first—and probably last—merchant submarine was again safe and snug in her home port.

The cargo-carrying submarine, however, is by no means the only type of underwater vessel engaged in peaceful pursuits which has been suggested so far. Mr. Simon Lake, the American submarine engineer and inventor, has frequently pointed out the commercial possibilities of the submarine.

In the early part of 1916 a series of articles from his pen appeared in International Marine Engineering. They contained a number of apparently feasible suggestions looking towards the commercial development of the submarine.

First of all he tells of experiments made with submarines for navigation under ice. The proper development of this idea, of course, would be of immense commercial value. Many harbours in various parts of the world are inaccessible during the winter months for vessels navigating on the surface. Navigation on many important inland lakes likewise has to be stopped during that period. Submarines, built so that they can safely travel under the ice, would overcome these conditions and would make it possible to use most ice-bound ports throughout the entire year at least in Mr. Lake's view.

Ever since Mr. Lake began inventing and building submarines he has been interested in the possibilities which submarines offer for the exploration of the sea-bottom and for the discovery of wrecks and recovery of their valuable cargoes. His first boat, the Argonaut, as we have heard, possessed a diving chamber for just such purposes. He has continued his investigations and experiments along this line, and in these articles he shows illustrations of submarine boats and devices adapted for such work. Properly financed and directed, the recovery of cargoes from wrecks undoubtedly would not only bring large financial returns to the backers of such a venture, but also do away with the immense waste which the total loss of sunken vessels and cargoes inflicts now on the world. Submarines in peace may yet recover for the use of man much of the wealth which submarines in war have sent to the bottom of the sea. Marine insurance, too, would be favourably affected by such an undertaking.

Still one other commercial submarine boat is advocated by Mr. Lake. This is to be used for the location and collection of shellfish on a large scale. Of this vessel its inventor says:

The design of this submarine oyster-dredging vessel is such that the vessel goes down to the bottom direct, and the water is forced out of the centre raking compartment so that the oysters may be seen by the operator in the control compartment. With only a few inches of water over them, headway is then given to the submarine and the oysters are automatically raked up, washed, and delivered through pipes into the cargo-carrying chambers. Centrifugal pumps are constantly delivering water from the cargo compartments, which induces a flow of water through the pipes leading from the "rake pans" with sufficient velocity to carry up the oysters and deposit them into the cargo holds. In this manner the bottom may be seen, and by "tracking" back and forth over the bottom the ground may be "cleaned up" at one operation.

This boat has a capacity of gathering oysters from good ground at the rate of five thousand bushels per hour. The use of the submarine will make the collection of oysters more nearly like the method of reaping a field of grain, where one "swathe" systematically joins on to another, and the whole field is "cleaned up" at one operation.

Man's greediness for profit has already driven the salmon from the rivers of New England where once they swarmed. Mechanical devices for taking them by the hundreds of thousands threaten a like result in the now teeming rivers of Washington and British Columbia. Mr. Lake's invention has the demerit of giving conscienceless profiteers the opportunity to obliterate the oyster from our national waters.



It does not appear, however, that, except as an engine of war the submarine offers much prospect of future development or future usefulness. And as we of the United States entered this war, which now engages our energies and our thoughts, for the purpose of making it the last war the world shall ever know, speculation on the future of the submarine seems rather barren. That does not mean however that there will be a complete stoppage of submarine construction or submarine development. War is not going to be ended by complete international disarmament, any more than complete unpreparedness kept the United States out of the struggle. A reasonable armament for every nation, and the union of all nations against any one or two that threaten wantonly to break the peace is the most promising plan intelligent pacifism has yet suggested. In such an international system there will be room and plenty for submarines.

Indeed it is into just such a plan that they intelligently fit. Though not wholly successful in their operations against capital ships, they have demonstrated enough power to make nations hesitate henceforth before putting a score of millions into ponderous dreadnoughts which have to retire from submarine-infested waters as the British did in their very hour of triumph at Jutland. They have not nullified, but greatly reduced the value of overwhelming sea power such as the British have possessed. A navy greater than those of any two other nations has indeed kept the German ships, naval and commercial, locked in port. But less than two hundred inexpensive submarines bid fair to sweep the seas of all merchant ships—neutral as well as British unless by feverish building the nations can build ships faster than submarines can sink them. Huge navies may henceforth be unknown.

The submarine has been the David of the war. It is a pity that its courage and efficiency have been exerted mainly in the wrong cause and that the missiles from its sling have felled the wrong Goliath.

Aircraft and submarine! It is still on the cards that when the definitive history of the war shall be written, its outcome may be ascribed to one or the other of these novel weapons—the creation of American inventive genius.



INDEX

A

Aboukir, 235, 236

Aerial mail service, 362

Aerial instruction, 109-121

Aerial Coast Patrol Unit, 188

Aerodromes, 170

Airplane costs, 224, 225

American aviators in France, 109, 111, 174

American Flying Corps, 175

Andre, General, 267-269

Andree, Polar expedition, 41, 56, 57

Anti-aircraft guns, 128, 129, 144-147, 150, 151, 169, 172, 173, 211, 230, 297, 305

Antwerp, 195

"Archies," see anti-aircraft guns

Arlandes, Marquis, d', 29

Archimedes, 19

Army Aviation School, Mineola, 188

Arras, 185

Astra-Torres, 81

Austrian, submarine, U-11, 190; seaplane, 191; warships vs., British submarines, 334; submarines, 261, 360; submarine strength of, 306, 307

Aviation, in England, 104, 105, 106; in France, 104-106; Germany, 104-106, 108; Russia, 106; United States, 182-190, 194, 202, 221

"Avro" machines, 148

B

Baker, Ray Stannard, quoted, 287-293

Ball, Captain, 212-214

Baltic, 157

Bauer, Wilhelm, 253, 254

Belgium, 18, 108, 184, 196

Belgium, mapping coast of, 150

Berlin, 65, 74, 75, 156, 357

Besnier, wings, 16

Blanchard, aeronaut, 35

Bleriot, aviator, 35, 95, 109; airplane, 186

Blockade, United States, 10

Boelke, Lieutenant, 118-120; story of air duel of, 214-216

Brazil, submarine strength of, 307

Briggs, Commander, 148

Bristol, biplane, 126

British, 105, 147, 149, 151, 152, 164, 166, 171, 183, 188, 190, 334; Admiralty, 236, 272; Navy, 195, 274; Royal Flying Corps, 105, 106, 164, 166, 167, 174, 212; Royal Naval Air Service, 150, 200; submarine strength, 301, 302

Brussels, 165

Bushnell, David, 246-249, 263

C

Calmette, M., 267-270

Canada, airplane factories in, 107

Caproni, airplanes, 204, 228

Cayley, Sir George, 36, 83

Channel, English, 30, 35, 55, 144, 324, 340, 341

Chanute, 90

Chapman, Victor, 176, 179, 180, 214

Charles, M., 25; balloon, 31

Churchill, Winston, 155

Civil War, 5, 7, 10, 61, 260, 261, 333

Clement-Bayard II., 56

Coffin, Howard E., 202

Congress of the United States, 182, 187, 194, 196, 201, 221, 276, 301

Congressional Committee, 204

Cressy, 235, 236

Curtis, Glenn, 83, 98

Cuxhaven, 8, 108, 132, 148, 149, 150, 155

D

Dardanelles, 157, 190, 310, 334

Da Vinci, Leonardo, 15

Day, J., 242-246

"D. H. 5," 126

Denmark, submarine strength of, 306, 307

Department of Aeronautics, 182

Deutsch, Henry, prize for aviation, 39, 46-50

Deutschland, The, 13, 364-378

Dewey, Admiral, 271, 272

Diesel motor, 308, 309, 319, 325, 363, 366

Douaumont, 162

Drachens, 220

Drebel, Cornelius, 238-240

Driggs, Lawrence La Tourette, 358, 359

Dubilier, William, 357

E

Eiffel Tower, 42, 46-49, 51. See also Santos-Dumont

Emperor of Germany, 65, 69, 72

England, 73, 75, 95, 105, 108, 142, 147, 166, 182, 184, 194, 201, 202, 207, 209, 240, 251, 253, 303, 345

Essen, 8, 108

Expeditionary Army, 106

F

Faotomu, Lieutenant Takuma, 352, 353

Farman, 95, 108, 218

Farragut, Admiral, 132

Fiske, Rear-Admiral, 155, 157, 206

Flanders, 6, 148

Flechette, 138, 186

Fokker, 126, 128, 163, 170, 171, 212

Fort Myer, 96, 97

Foucault, submarine, 191

France, 59, 80, 81, 95, 104-106, 111, 120, 133, 142, 147, 167, 180, 182, 183, 195, 199, 200-202, 208, 209, 214, 240, 251, 254, 295, 303, 343

Franklin, Benjamin, views of balloons, 24; letters, 32, 33

French, airplanes at Battle of Somme, 198; Commission to United States, 196; guns, 147; improve on German airplane, 204; inspection of captive Zeppelin, 81; standardize their airplanes, 104; submarine, 309; submarine strength, 302, 303

French, General Sir John, 3-5, 106

Friedrichshaven, 8, 70, 75, 76, 108, 147

Fulton, Robert, 251, 252, 253

G

George, Lloyd, 210

German, Admiralty, 190; air champion, 214; air raids on England, 207; attempt to starve England, 194; fleet, 183, 184; submarine attacks on allied shipping, 305; submarine destroyed by bombs, 191; submarines vs. international law, 192; submarine strength, 303-305

German U-boats, 188, 206, 236, 304, 310, 314, 333, 336, 338

Germany, 61, 62, 69, 72, 73, 75, 79, 80, 81, 97, 104, 105, 106, 108, 121, 133, 142, 146-149, 157, 171, 183-185, 193, 198, 200, 210, 235, 280, 297, 310, 341, 361, 364

Ghent, 165

Gibbons, Floyd P., 347-351

Giffard, dirigible, 37, 38, 41, 43

Grange, de la, Lieutenant, 196, 199

Great Britain, 57, 58, 105, 106, 120, 142, 143, 157, 191, 192, 202, 203, 204, 207, 310, 341, 343

Great War, 3, 12, 72, 80, 98, 103, 159

Greece, submarine strength of, 307

Grey, C. G., quoted, 189

Gross, dirigible, 77, 78

Guynemer, Captain Georges, 211, 212, 214

Gyroscope compass, 312

H

Hartlepool, 208

Harvard University, 175, 176

Harwich, 208

Heligoland, 155-157, 202, 333

Hogue, 235, 236

Holland, 150, 235; submarine strength of, 306, 307

Holland, John P., 241, 274-277, 294; submarine, 294-296, 298, 301, 302, 304, 306, 313

Holland Torpedo Boat Company, 272, 277, 298

Hotchkiss, 147

Housatonic, U. S. S., 259, 260

Hydro-airplane, 160, 189, 190, 206, 225

Hydroplane, 280, 308

I

Icarus, 14

Immelman, Captain, 119, 212-214

Instruction, in aviation, 111-118; of American aviators, 11

Ironsides, 256, 257, 295

Italy, 81, 343; submarine strength of, 306

Italian submarines, 360

J

Japan, submarine strength of, 306, 307

Japanese submarines, 352

Joffre, General, 4, 196

Jutland, battle of, 12, 381

K

Kaiser, 78. Also see Emperor of Germany

Kiel, 9, 108, 155-157, 183, 195, 202, 230, 253, 314, 367

Kipling, Rudyard, 80, 166, 226, 227, 346

Kitchener, Lord, 58

Kitty-Hawk, 89, 94

Kluck, General von, 3, 4

Koenig, Captain Paul, 367-377

Krebs, 39

L

Lafayette Escadrille, 121, 175, 176, 216

Lake Constance, 62, 148

Lake, Simon, 278-295, 356, 364, 378-380; submarine, 294-296, 302, 304, 306, 317

Lana, Francisco, 17

Lancaster, F. W., 144

Langley, Professor Samuel, 82, 83, 84, 183

La Patrie, 55

La Republique, 55

Latham, 95

Laurenti, Major, 300; submarine, 302, 306

Lebaudy Brothers, 54; airplane, 56, 78

Le Bris, 86-88

Lee, Ezra, 249, 250

Lewis gun, 217

Liberty motor, 222, 226; plane, 127

Liege, 159

Lilienthal, Gustav, 84

Lilienthal, Otto, 84-86, 90

Lilienthals, 88

Lille, 185

London, 9, 134, 142, 156, 208, 209, 230

Lufbery, Captain Raoul, 121, 180

Lunardi, aeronaut, 30

Lusitania, 193, 210, 263, 343

M

McConnell, Sergeant James R., 160

Marne, battle of, 5, 183, 196

Maxim, Sir Hiram, 83

Merrimac, 12

Meuse river, 4, 161

Monitor, 12

Mons, battle of, 3, 5

Montgolfier Brothers, Jos. & Jacques, 20, 22; balloon, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 30

Moranes, 186

N

Namur, 4

Napoleon, 99, 108, 252

Naval Committee, House of Representatives, 271, 272

Navy Department of U. S., 188, 189, 278, 298, 300, 301

Navy Department, Civil War, 256, 257

Navy, Secretary of, 187, 194, 222

Needham, Henry Beach, 166

Nieuport, airplane, 140, 163, 186; town of, 150, 151, 154

Nordenfeldt, Swedish inventor, 263, 264, 275

North Sea, 6, 76, 144, 149, 154, 156, 157, 187, 188, 190, 235, 236, 305

Norway, submarine strength of, 306, 307

Noyes, Alfred, quoted, 335-340

O

Ostend, 9, 150, 151, 191, 194, 200

P

Paris, 3, 23-25, 28, 48, 50-53, 61, 110

Parseval, dirigible, 77, 78

Parseval-Siegfeld, 141

Pau, 110

Pere Galien, 17

Periscopes, 296, 305, 310, 311, 326-328, 333, 366

Petersburg, 6

Pilcher, Percy S., 84, 86, 88

Pitney, Fred B., quoted, 323-328

Porter, Admiral David, 259

Prince, Norman, 176, 180, 216-221

R

Rees, Major L. W. B., 174

Renard, 38, 42, 43

Richmond, 6

Roberts Brothers' balloon, 34, 35

Rockwell, Kiffen, 176-179, 214

Royal Aerial Factory, 105

Rozier, Pilatre de, 27, 29; death of, 30

Rumsey, Adjt., quoted, 217-220

Russia, 81, 106, 203, 254; submarine strength of, 306, 307

Russian ships sunk in Baltic, 157; submarine sunk by bombs, 190

S

Santos-Dumont, 34; quoted, 38, 39-47, 48-50, 51-54, 59, 60, 62, 63, 88, 95

Scarborough, 208

Schutte-Lanz, dirigible, 77, 79

Schwartz, David, 63

Scott, Lieutenant, 133

Seaplanes, 105, 106, 108, 143, 149, 150, 154, 188, 191, 225, 236

Severo Pax, 77

Sikorsky, airplanes, 203

Sincay, Lieutenant de, 191

Sopwith, biplane, 126, 219

"S. P. A. D.," 217

Spain, 81; submarine strength of, 306

St. Louis Exposition, 54

St. Petersburg, 63

Submarine, controversy between U. S. and Germany, 342; cruise on, 323-331; interior of, 318-323; losses, 351-354; tenders, 316; strength of different countries, 306, 307; ventilation, 239, 240, 307, 312; war zones, 342, 343

Submarine warfare, allied losses, 344; British losses, 344, 345; neutral losses, 344

Submarines: Argonaut, 282-295, 379 David, 256, 257 "E" class, 301 Fenian Ram, 275 "F-1," 300 "F" (Holland type), 301 German type, 304 Gustave Zede, 266, 267 Gymnote, 265, 266 Holland No. 2, 275 Holland No. 4, 275 Holland No. 8, 278 Holland No. 9, 271-273, 278 Hundley, 258-260 Intelligent Whale, 261 Le Diable Marin, 254 Laurenti type, 306 Morse, 267-270 Mute, 253 Narval, 267, 270 Nautilus, 252 Nordenfeldt II., 264 Octopus, 299 Plongeur, 260 Plunger, 277, 278 Resurgam, 263 "S" class, 302 (Laurenti or "F. I. A. T." type) Turtle, 247, 249, 275 "U-3," 314 "U-20," 330 "U-47," 328-331 "V" class (Lake type), 302 "W" class (Laubeuf type), 302 "Viper" class, 299

Submarines, aircraft as enemy of, 357, 358; armament of, 312; (general topic), 159, 188, 190-195, 209; marksmanship, 322; microphone, 357; motives powers of, 308, 309; precautions and devices against, 345, 346, 355, 361; requirements of modern, 307-317

Sweden, submarine strength of, 306, 307

Switzerland, 150

T

Taube, 126

Thaw, Lieutenant William, 214

Tissot, Professor, 357

Torpedo chamber, 320; plane, 156, 157; tubes, 298, 301, 303-306, 312, 315, 317, 320, 353

Trocadero, 49-51

Tulasne, Major, 196, 199

Turkey, submarine strength of, 307

Turkish, 177, 188, 334

U

U-53, 12, 206, 353, 354

U-Boat attacks on, allied merchantmen; Amiral Ganteaume, 340; Gulflight, 343; Lusitania, 193, 210, 263, 343; Laconia, 347-351; Strathend, 354; West Point, 354; Stephano, 354; Bloomersdijk, 354; Christian Knudsen, 354; in general, 346-354

United States, 56-58, 81, 91, 94-96, 103, 107, 111, 120, 142, 158, 166, 180, 182, 185, 187, 193, 194, 200, 202, 209, 221, 228, 230, 239, 260, 261, 271, 295, 297, 301, 303, 310, 334, 341, 343, 345, 361, 364, 365, 381; government of, 96, 272, 273, 276, 296, 343; declares war upon Germany, 342; Navy, 297, 298, 300, 354; submarine strength, 350

V

Vanniman, 57, 159

Vaux, 162

Venice, 108

Verdun, 6, 55, 161, 162

Verne, Jules, 40, 262, 287

Vickers, gun, 217; scout airplane, 126, 131, 147, 164

Vicksburg, 6

Viney, Lieutenant, 191

von Bernstorff, Count, 353

W

Wanamaker, Rodman, 160

War, Department of, 101; Secretary of, 187, 194, 222

War zones, 341, 342

Warneford, sub-Lieutenant R. A. J., 164, 165, 214

Washington, D. C., 96, 97, 204

Washington, General George, 247

Watt, James, 19

Weddigen, Captain, Otto von, 236, 305, 334

Wellington, 108

Wellman, Walter, 56, 57, 159

White, Claude Graham, 128

Whitehead torpedo, 261, 262, 264, 266

Wilhelmshaven, 132, 156, 157, 183, 195, 230, 353

Winslow, Carroll Dana, 111, 115, 116, 139

Woodhouse, Henry, 190

Wright Brothers, 14, 43, 58, 60, 64, 83, 84, 87, 89, 90-95, 97, 98, 109, 111, 183

Wright, Orville, 74, 75, 88, 99-102

Wright, Wilbur, 88, 91, 96, 97

Z

Zede, M. Gustav, 265, 266, 303

Zeebrugge, 8, 9, 150, 151, 153, 155, 195, 200, 230

Zeppelin, Count, von, 28, 34, 38, 50, 54, 59-65, 68-77, 79, 105, 362

Zeppelin, Eberhard, 64

Zeppelin disasters: Zeppelin I., 66-69 IV., 66, 72 L-I, 76 L-II, 67

Zeppelin raids, 9, 208, 209

Zeppelins, 8, 60, 62, 65-81, 100, 101, 104, 105, 108, 133, 134, 148-150, 164, 165, 208



A Selection from the Catalogue of

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS

Complete Catalogues sent on application

THE MAKING OF A MODERN ARMY

And Its Operations in the Field

A Study Bated on the Experience of Three Years on the French Front 1914-1917

Rene Radiguet General de Division, Army of France

Translated by Henry P. du Bellet Formerly American Consul at Rheims

12{o}. 18 Illustrations and Diagrams. $1.50 net. By mail, $1.65

The younger Americans who are now in training for active service in the field, and particularly those who have secured commissions as officers or who are preparing to compete for such commissions, will have a very direct interest in the instructions and suggestions presented by General Radiguet in regard to the organization of an army and the method of its operations in the field. General Radiguet's treatise is based upon a varied experience in the campaigns of the present war.

The old text-books must be put to one side. The methods of organization and the methods of fighting have alike changed. It is only those who have had responsibilities as leaders in the present war whose instructions can be accepted as authoritative.



LIFE AT THE U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY

The Making of the American Navy Officer: His Studies, Discipline, and Amusements

By

Ralph Earle Rear-Admiral, U. S. N. (Formerly Head of the Department of Ordnance and Gunnery, U. S. Naval Academy)

With an Introduction by Franklin Roosevelt Assistant-Secretary of the Navy

12{o}. 73 Illustrations and a Map. $2.00 net By mail, $2.20

This book follows the boy's procedure in entering and his first summer's course, after which it takes the midshipman through the course, not by years, but by clear discussions of the various activities that make up his daily life. The recitations, drills, practice cruises, physical training, medical care, athletics, recreations, and the career that the Navy affords one after graduation are related in a manner that will make the midshipman's life easily understood by his parents and friends, and also show the boy intending to enter the Academy just what he may expect there.

At All Booksellers



WEST POINT

An Intimate Picture of the National Military Academy, and of the Life of the Cadet

By

Robert C. Richardson, Jr.

Captain, 2d Cavalry, U. S. A.; Aide-de-Camp to Major-General Thomas H. Barry

Foreword by

Major-General Hugh L. Scott Chief-of-Staff, U. S. Army

12{o}. 32 Illustrations, $2.00 net By mail, $2.20

The book, while of interest to all who have attended the institution, is addressed primarily to the general public so that that public may become better acquainted with the aims and ideals of their National Military Academy. To the prospective cadet the book is invaluable as a foretaste of the duties, responsibilities, and privileges obtaining at West Point.



TACTICS AND DUTIES FOR TRENCH FIGHTING

By

Georges Bertrand Capitaine, Chasseurs, de l'Armee de France

and

Oscar N. Solbert Major, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.

16{o}. 35 Diagrams. $1.50 net. By mail, $1.65

000.7 (OD) 1st Ind.

War Department, A. G. O., December 21, 1917—To Major O. N. Solbert, Corp of Engineers, Office of the Chief of Engineers.

1. The manuscript forwarded with this letter has been examined in the War College Division and the opinion given that it has exceptional merit, presenting the principles governing trench warfare in such a clear and logical manner that the publication, with some changes and additions,[7] will be of considerable value to our Officers.

[Footnote 7: These changes have been made.]

2. You are directed to confer with the Chief of the War College Division regarding the effecting of the changes desired.

By order of the Secretary of War (Signed) F. W. Lewis Adjutant General.

G. P. Putnam's Sons

New York London

THE END