[Sidenote: Parable.] Parable, which some call similitude, some cparacion, is a comparyng of a thyng y^t hath no life, or no bodye to our cause and purpose, for some thyng that is lyke or vnlyke. And as example is taken of y^e dede of a man, and the person of an hystorye, or that is fabulous and fayned, so is comparison taken of thinges that be done, or that be ioyned to them by nature, or by chaunce. As Attilius retournyng agayne to hys enemies is an example of kepynge faythe and promise: But a shyp in the whych the sayles be hoysed vp, or tak[en] down after the blowyng of the winde, is a parable whiche teacheth a wyse man to geue place to tyme, and applye hymselfe to the world that is presente. And lyke fashion is of dilatyng a parable, as we haue shewed in example. For sometime it is noted in a word as: Doest thou not vnderstand that the sayles muste be turned? Sometyme it is more largelye declared, as in the oracion for Murena. And if vnto menne that sayle out of the hauen. &c. Analogie.

Icon, called of the latines Imago, an Image in Englyshe, is muche lyke to a similitude, and if you declare it is a similitude: as if you saye: As an Asse wyll not be driuen from her meat, no not with a club, vntyl she be full: no more wil a warriour reste from murther vntyll he hath fylled his mynd with it. This is a similitude: but if you saye that a man flewe vpon his enemies like a dragon, or lyke a lyon, it is an Image. Howbeit an Image serueth rather to euidence or grauitie, or iocunditie, then to a profe. There is also a general comparacion, speciallye in the kynde demonstratiue, person wyth person, and one thing with an other, for praise or dispraise

[Sidenote: Indicacio.] Indicacio, or authoritie, is the cparing of an other mans saying or sentence vnto our cause: of the whiche ther be seuen principal kyndes. The fyrst a comon morall sentence, as a common principle perteyning to maners: as continuall laboure ouercommeth all thynges, and as be the sentences of Salomon and Cato: and all morall philosophy is ful of suche sentences. The seconde are common rules, whych be called dignities in euery science. The .iii. aprouerb. The fourth called Chria, which is a very short exposicion of any dede or worde wyth the name of the author recited. The fyfte an Enthimeme, whyche is a sentence of contraries: as if it be a great praise to please good men, surely to please euyl men it is a greate shame. The syxte called AEnos, that is a saying or a sentence, taken out of a tale, as be the interpretacions of fables, and theyr allegories. The seuen is any answere tak[en] out of the mouth of God, or taken out of the cmaundement of God.

[Sidenote: Exergasia.] Expolicion is, when we tarye in one thynge, speakynge the same in diuerse wordes and fashions, as though it were not one matter but diuerse. Agoodlye example of the moste largest expolicion is rehearsed in Erasmus, whych, because it is very profitable, Iwyll wholye rehearse it. Awyse man for the cmon wealth sake shall eschue no peryll: euen for thys cause that it happeneth oft[en], that wher he wold not dye for the common wealth, he perysheth yet of necessitie wyth the cmon wealth. And because all the commodities we haue be taken of our contrey, ther ought no incmoditie to be counted paynfull, taken for our contrey. They therfore that flye that peryll which must be tak[en] for the cmon wealth, do folyshely: for neither can they auoyde it, and they be found vngrate to the citie. But they that by their owne peril put away the perils of their ctrei, they are to be counted wyse, seyng that bothe they geue to the cmon wealth that honour y^t they shulde geue, and had rather dye for many, th[en] w^t many. For it is much against reason that receiuing thy naturall lyfe by thy contrey, to deliuer it agayne to nature when she compelleth the, and not to geue it to thy ctrey when she desyreth the. And where y^u mayst wyth hye valiauntnes & honour die for thy contrei, to haue rather lyke a cowarde to liue in shame. And for thy fryndes and parentes, and other acquayntance to put thy selfe in peryll: for the cmon wealth in the whyche both it & that most reuerende name of the contrey is conteyned, not to be willynge to come in ieopardye. Wherfore as he is to be dyspised whyche being vpon the sea had rather haue hym selfe safe, then the ship: so is he to be rebuked, whych in ieopardye of the commen wealthe, prouideth more for his own then for y^e cmon wealthe. When the shyppe hathe ben broken, many haue ben saued: But after the shypwrake of the ctrey no man can escape. Whyche thynge me thynketh Decius dyd wel perceiue, whych reported wholy to haue bestowed hym selfe, and for the sauegard of his men of war to haue run amonge the myddest of hys enemyes. Wherfore he loste not hys lyfe, but let it go: for he redemed for a thynge of verye small pryce, aryght dere thyng. He gaue his life, but he receiued his contrei. He loste his life, but he inioyed glorye, whyche written to his greate prayse, shyneth euerye daye more and more. Wherefore if we haue proued both by reason & by exple, that we be bounde to put oure selfe in peryll for the common wealthe, they are to be counted wyse men, whych for the sauegarde of the contrey auoyde no peryll. It wolde be meete to exercyse chyldren in suche themes, wherby shal be gott[en] bothe wysedome and eloquence. And here me thynketh I maye ryghte well ende these Rethoricall preceptes, although I be not ignoraunt that much helpeth bothe to persuasions and copye, the proper handlyng of tales taken oute of the nature of beastes, dreames, fayned narracions, sumwhat lyke vnto the truth, w^t allegories much vsed of diuines. But because they requyre a longer treatie, for this tyme I leaue them of, addynge vnto these before written rules of oratory, adeclamacion bothe profitable and verye elo- quente, wrytten by Erasmus vnto the moste noble Duke of Cleue, as here appe- reth after.



Impryn- ted at London by Iohn Day, dwellinge ouer Aldersgate, beneth saint Martyns. And are to be sold at his shop by the litle conduit in Chepesyde at the sygne of the Resurrec- tion.

Cum priuilegio ad imprimendum solum. Per septennium.



INDEX TO AUTHORS AND ORATORS

Afer, Publius Terentius, 23, 61 Africanus, Julius, 58 Agricola, Rodolphus, 8, 86 Antonius, Marcus (143-87 B.C.), 18 Archias, Aulus, 61 Aristotle, 80, 82, 86, 88 Augustine, Saint, 14 Brooke, Thomas, 2, 7 Caecina, Aulus, 24 Calpurnius, Lucius (Piso), 22 Castellio, Sebastianus, 14 Catiline, Lucius, 22, 48, 51, 56, 64, 75,90 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 5 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 10, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 33, 39, 41, 48, 49, 50, 51, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 68, 75, 77, 78, 82, 90 Cluencius, Aulus, 22, 33 Elyot, Thomas, 5 Erasmus, Desiderius, 1, 10, 77, 93, 96, 97 Flaccus, Lucius, 58 Gower, John, 5 Homer, 76 Ligarius, Quintus, 49 Linacre, Thomas, 29 Livy, Titus, 65, 69 Lydgate, John, 5 Manilius, Gaius, 24, 59 Marcellus, Marcus Claudius, 24 Milo, Titus Annius, 22, 75, 90 Mosellanus, Petrus (Peter Schade), 9 Murena, Lucius, 91 Ovid, 53 Plautus, Titus, 23 Plutarch, 86 Quintilian, 10, 18, 37, 39, 62, 69, 82 Quintus, Caius, 23 Rabirius, Gaius, 22 Roscius, Quintus, 23 Sallust, Gaius, 65 Sestius, Publius, 51 Sulla, Lucius, 22 Suetonius, Gaius, 66 Vergil, 29, 30, 40, 44, 67, 69 Verres, Gaius, 22, 71, 82 Westimerus, Bartholomew (Westheimer), 14 Wyatt, Thomas, 6



INDEX OF FIGURES

[Transcriber's Note: Spelling in the Index generally corresponds to spelling in the body text. When the spelling in the body text is different, it is shown here in {braces}.]

Ablatio, 26 Absissio, 27 Abusio, 41 Acyrologia, 32 Adagium, 45 Aenigma, 45 Aenos, 93 Aetopeia, 67, 69 Allegoria, 45 Amara irrisio, 46 Ambiguitas, 33 Amphibologia, 33 Amplificacio, 70, 76 Anacinosis, 55 Anaclasis, 60 Anadiplosis, 48 Analogia, 37, 91 Anangeon, 60 Anastrophe, 31 Antiphora, 53 Antiphrasis, 46 Antiptosis, 31 Antisthecon, 28 Antithesis, 56 Antitheton, 56 Antistrophe, 47 Antonomasia, 44 Apheresis, 26 Apocope, 27 Apophasis, 54 Aporia, 54 Apostrophe, 60 Appositio, 26, 30 Areia, 51 Articulus, 57 Aschematiston, 35 {Aschematist} Aschrologia, 34 Asindeton, 59 Astrothesiam, 69 Astysmus, 46 Auersio, 60

Barbarie, 35 Barbarismus, 36 Bomphiologia, 61

Cacosintheton, 35 Cacozelia, 34 Casus pro casu, 31 Catachresis, 41 Charactirismus, 66 Charientismus, 46 Chria, 93 Chronographia, 69 Circuicio, 44 Circumstances of thynges, 83 Climax, 58 Colon, 57 Commonplaces, 86 {Common places} Common rules, 92 Communicacio, 55 {Cmunicacio} Compar, 57 Comparison, 71, 75, 90 {75 Cparison} Complexio, 47 {Cplexio} Composicion, 38 Concepcio, 30 Conclusio, 55 Consicio, 27 Construccion, 28 Contentio, 56 Contractio, 27 Contraries, 76 Contrarium, 56 Conuersio, 47 Correction, 70 {Correccion} Cosmographie, 69 Cumulatio, 35

Deesis, 51 Defectus, 31 Definicio, 58 Definicion, 45 Delecio, 28 Description, 66, 69 {Descripcion} Dialisis, 55 Dialogismus, 69 Dialyton, 57 Dianoias, 25 Diasirmus, 61 Diazeugma, 30 Diccion, 26 Dictio contrarium significans, 46 {Dictio ctrari[um] significans} Diminutio, 61 Disiunctio, 30 Dissectio, 31 Dissimulatio, 45 Dissolutio, 59 Distribucion, 62 Diuisio, 55 Donysis, 68 Dubitatio, 54

Eclipsis, 31 Ectasis, 27 Effiguracion, 66 Eleuacio, 61 Eloquucion, 17 Energia, 66 Enthimeme, 93 Enumeracio, 63 Epanaphora, 47 Epanodus, 48 Epenthesis, 27 Epergesis, 30 Epilogus, 55 Epiphonesis, 50 Epiplexis, 51 Epitrope, 55 Erotema, 52 Erotesis, 51 Etymologie, 45 Euche, 51 Exaggeration, 71 {exaggerate} Example, 74, 75, 88 Exclamacio, 50 Execracio, 51 Exergasia, 93 Exornacion, 39 Expeditio, 54 Expolicion, 93 Extensio, 27, 37 Extenuatio, 61

Faute (fault), 32; obscure, 32; inordinate, 34; barbarous, 35 Festiua urbanitas, 46 Ficcion, 72 Frequentacio, 50 Fygure, of scheme, 25; of diccion, 26; of words, 26; of construction, 28; rethoricall, 47; of sentences, 62

Garnyshyng, 38 Geographie, 69 Graciosa nugatio, 46 Gradacio, 58

Homiologia, 33 Homioptoton, 58 {Homioptot} Homotelento, 58 {Homotel[en]to} Humiliatio, 34 Hyperbaton, 30 (last line) Hyperbole, 71 Hypozeugma, 29 Hysterologia, 31

Icon, 91 Image, 91 Improprietas, 32 Inconueniens structura, 36 Increase, 71 Increpacio, 51 Indicacio, 92 Iniunctio, 29 Inordinate, 34 Intellectio, 42 Interpositio, 27, 31 Interrogacio, 51 Inuencion, 77; proposicions, 77; artificial proues, 78; unartificial proues, 79, 80; {Vnartificial} circumstances of thynges, 83; commonplaces, 86 {Common places} Ironia, 45 Isocolon, 57 Iunctio, 29

Lexeos, 25, 26 Liptote, 61 Littera pro littera, 28

Macrologia, 34 Mala affectatio, 34 Male collocatum, 35 Male figuratum, 35 Media iunctio, 29 Membrum oracionis, 57 Mesezeugma, 29 Metabasis, 59 Metalepsis, 41 Metaphora, 40 Metonomia, 42 Mimisis, 69 Miosis, 61 Morall sentence, 92 Mouth of God, 93 Mycterismus, 46

Necessum, 60 Nominis communio, 49 {Nominis cmunio}

Obscure, 32 Obtestacio, 51 Occupatia, 59 Oictros, 68 Orismus, 58

Parable, 90 Paralepsis, 59 Paremia, 45 Parenthesis, 31 Particio, 62 Pathopeia, 68, 69 Periergia, 33 Periphrasis, 44 Perissologia, 32 Permissio, 55 Pistis, 78 Pleonasmus, 32 Postiunctio, 29 Preassumpcio, 27 Preiunctio, 29 Prepostera loquutio, 31 Presozeugma, 29 Presumpcio, 28 Probacions, 78 Prolepsis, 28 Pronominacio, 44 Proparalepsis, 27 Proportio, 37 Proposicions, 77 Proprietie, 37 Prosapodosis, 53 Prosopographia, 66 Prosopopeia, 66, 67, 69 {67 Prosopopey} Prosthesis, 26 Prouerb, 93 Proues (proof), 78-90

Raciocinatio, 52 Reasonynge, 76 Reduplicatio, 48 Refractio, 60 Repeticio, 47; inutilis, 33 Rethoricall, figures, 47; diuision, 62 Reuersio, 31

Sarcasmus, 46 Scheme, 3, 25; faute of, 32; vertue of, 37 Sedulitas superflua, 33 Sentence, figures of, 62 Sermo, superfluus, 32; ubique sui similis, 33; obscurus, 45 Silepsis, 30 Similiter cadens, 58; desinens, 58 Similitudes, 74 Sinathrismus, 50 Sinonimia, 49 Sinthesis, 38 Solecismus, 36 Soraismus, 35 Style, kinds, 21; greate, 22; small, 23; meane, 24 Subsannatio, 46 Subiectio, 53 Superabundancia, 32 Sygnes, 45, 79 Symeia, 79 Symploce, 47 Syncope, 27 Synecdoche, 42 Synolephe, 28 Systole, 27

Tapinosis, 34 Tacite objectioni responsio, 53 {obiectioni} Tasis, 37 Tautologia, 33 Tmesis, 31 Topotesia, 69 Traduccio, 48 Transgressio, 30 Transicio, 59 Translatio, 40 Transposicio, 28 Transsumptio, 41 Tropes, 3, 39-46 Turpis loquutio, 34

Verborum bombus, 61 Votum, 51

Worde, 26; compound, 19; simple, 19 {symple}

Zeugma, 29

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Paragraphs

Some paragraph breaks in this e-text are conjectural. The printed book had the following kinds of breaks:

—conventional paragraph with indented first line —unambiguous paragraph with non-indented first line —ambiguous paragraph: previous line ends with blank space, but the space is not large enough to contain the first syllable of the following line —sentence break corresponds to line break: this happens randomly in any printed book, and only becomes ambiguous when the book also has non-indented paragraphs

In this e-text, the second type of paragraph is marked with a pilcrow . The third type has a pilcrow but no paragraph break. The fourth type is not marked.

Errors and Inconsistencies (Noted by Transcriber)

Unless otherwise noted, spelling and punctuation are unchanged.

Note on "homotele(n)to"

In the facsimile edition, the body text has homoteleto but the Index has homotelento. In the other available text, the body text has homotel[en]to with clear overline. The correct form is "homeoteleuton" (in this book's spelling, probably "homioteleuton").

Spelling:

The pattern of initial "v", non-initial "u" is followed consistently. The spelling "they" is more common than "thei". The form "then" is normally used for both "then" and "than"; "than" is rare. The most common spelling is "wyll", but "wyl", "wil" and "will" also occur.

Word Division:

Line-end hyphens were completely arbitrary; words split at line break were hyphenated about two-thirds of the time. The presence or absence of a hyphen has not been noted. Hyphenless words at line-end were joined or separated depending on behavior elsewhere in the text:

Always one word (re-joined at line break): som(e)what, without, afterward(e)s Usually one word: often()times, what()so()euer One or two words: an()other Usually two words: it/him/my...()self/selues; shal()be; straight()way Always two words: here to

Roman Numerals:

Numbers were printed with leading and following .period. When the number came at the beginning or end of a line, the "outer" period was sometimes omitted. These have been silently supplied for consistency.

Contents:

Faute 32 [33]

Text:

because that in it we sonar perceiue [text unchanged: "sooner"] to make things defused more plaine [text unchanged: variant of "diffused"?] [Sidenote: And apte similitude.] [text unchanged: error for "An"] wordes not the selfe proper thinges [text unchanged: error for "th[em] selfe"?] Idolatry for Idololatry. [Idololatty] [Sidenote: Presozeugma.] [text unchanged: usual form is "Prozeugma"] [Sidenote: Hyperbaton] ["Hyperbation"] Antonomasia [Antonomasias] Occupatia, occupacion [text unchanged: correct form is "Occupatio"] [Sidenote: Energia.] [text reads "Euergia": intended form may be "Enargia" as in Latin] [Sidenote: Charactirismus.] [text unchanged: usual form is "Characterismus"] and these foresayd sixe kindes [text unchanged: eight items have been listed] The inuencion of many proposicions is, when the chyefe state or principal proposion of the cause is declared and proued by manye other proposicions and argum[en]tes, so set in iuste order that there be no confusion of proposions. [text unchanged: "proposion" (twice) may be errors for "proposicion"] Kynred monisheth vs to csider [Rynred]

Punctuation and mechanical errors:

[Sidenote: The occasion of thys treatise.] ["trea/ ise" at line break with invisible t] to alm[en] [. missing] by etimology, by sygnes, by definicion. [. missing] Cicero for .Q.Ligarius. [punctuation as shown] by callyng vpon eyther a man, aplace, or a thynge? [? in original] Igraunte th[em] to you and to your power ["to / to" at line break] y^e beginner of this war [. missing] the fyrst is a significacion or expression of maners ["of / of" at line break] he was broughte to do also the mischeuouse deede. [, for .] for praise or dispraise [. missing]

Index:

Cicero ... 90 [90,] Vergil, 29, 30, 40, 44, 67, 69 [67 69]

Charientismus [Charietismus] Execracio [Excracio] Media iunctio [iniunctio] Mesozeugma [Mesezeugma]

THE END