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CASE No. 2292.—C.M. Perseveration: numerous instances of association to preceding reaction; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table—tree...........19 Dark—night........... Music—instrument..... Sickness—smoke.......19 Man—woman............ 1 Deep—water........... Soft—tide............18 Eating—potato........ Mountain—milk........13 House—clay...........17 Black—polish.........17 Mutton—goat.......... Comfort—cream........10 Hand—hay.............19 Short—meat...........19 Fruit—pears.......... Butterfly—flower..... Smooth—smell.........10 Command—drink........19 Chair—wine...........18 Sweet—honey.......... Whistle—wind......... Woman—whiskey........19
Cold—fire............ Slow—speed........... Wish—go.............. River—boat........... White—stem...........13 Beautiful—cloak......17 Window—drift.........19 Rough—storm.......... Citizen—citron.......10 Foot—feed............19 Spider—web........... Needle—thread........ Red—sew..............13 Sleep—rest........... Anger—health.........13 Carpet—carrots.......10 Girl—eat.............19 High—horse...........19 Working—hay..........15 Sour—cut.............19 Earth—machine........19 Trouble—repair.......18 Soldier—mow..........19 Cabbage—plant........ Hard—seed............18 Eagle—bird........... Stomach—egg..........17 Stem—join............ Lamp—oil............. Dream—burn...........13 Yellow—gas...........18 Bread—flour.......... Justices—drink.......19 Boy—girl............. Light—man............ 9 Health—woman......... 1 Bible—baby...........10 Memory—want..........19 Sheep—lamb........... Bath—water........... Cottage—hay..........15 Swift—corn...........18 Blue—eat.............18 Hungry—ham...........17 Priest—pickle........18 Ocean—turnip.........18 Head—hair............ Stove—coal........... Long—wood............13 Religion—lemon.......10 Whiskey—wheat........17 Child—rye............18 Bitter—medicine...... Hammer—nail.......... Thirsty—beer......... City—cake............19 Square—pie...........18 Butter—cream......... Doctor—herb..........19 Loud—duck............19 Thief—feathers.......18 Lion—animal.......... Joy—peace............ Bed—sleep............ Heavy—rest...........13 Tobacco—chew......... Baby—chair...........19 Moon—sun............. Scissors—cut......... Quiet—hair...........18 Green—grapes......... Salt—bag.............19 Street—stone......... King—cement..........18 Cheese—money.........19 Blossom—flower....... Afraid—fast..........19
CASE No. 17880.—E.D. Numerous repetitions of reactions previously given; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent; neologisms.
Table—eating......... Dark—night........... Music—piano.......... Sickness—stoppery.... 4 Man—manly............ Deep—knowing......... 6 Soft—undoable........ 4 Eating—oblong........19 Mountain—guide.......19 House—residing....... 2 Black—dress.......... Mutton—aiding........19 Comfort—escorted..... 6 Hand—escorted........ 5 Short—unescorted.....18 Fruit—eating......... Butterfly—interfere..19 Smooth—knowing....... 6 Command—unerrorer.... 4 Chair—seated......... Sweet—durable........19 Whistle—treated......19 Woman—help........... 2 Cold—stoppery........ 4 Slow—unknowing....... 4 Wish—treated.........15 River—boats.......... White—treasurer......19 Beautiful—form....... Window—outlook....... Rough—unescorted.....15 Citizen—residing..... 2 Foot—travel.......... Spider—stoppery...... 4 Needle—clothing...... 2 Red—color............ Sleep—stoppery....... 4 Anger—unguarded......17 Carpet—residence.....15 Girl—help............ 6 High—escorted........ 6 Working—man.......... 1 Sour—form............15 Earth—platformer..... 4 Trouble—unguarded....15 Soldier—sentinel..... 2 Cabbage—dinners...... 2 Hard—escorted........ 6 Eagle—newspaper......17 Stomach—health....... Stem—winding......... Lamp—reading......... Dream—guarded........19 Yellow—aged..........19 Bread—knowing........ 6 Justice—bar..........17 Boy—help............. 6 Light—advice.........19 Health—doableness.... 4 Bible—church......... Memory—knowing....... 2 Sheep—aided..........15 Bath—stoppery........ 4 Cottage—seashore..... Swift—business.......17 Blue—help............ 6 Hungry—unadded....... 4 Priest—Rome..........19 Ocean—help........... 6 Head—knowing......... 2 Stove—cooking........ Long—bank............19 Religion—church...... Whiskey—drink........ Child—help........... 6 Bitter—error.........16 Hammer—builder....... 2 Thirsty—drink........ City—building........ Square—unerrorer..... 4 Butter—eating........ Doctor—destroyer.....10 Loud—notoriety.......17 Thief—error..........15 Lion—lord............19 Joy—escorted......... 6 Bed—unescorted.......15 Heavy—unescorted..... 5 Tobacco—chewing...... Baby—help............ 6 Moon—knowing......... 6 Scissors—tailor...... Quiet—form...........15 Green—moneyed........19 Salt—eating.......... Street—city.......... King—adds............19 Cheese—eating........ Blossom—escorted..... 6 Afraid—unguarded.....15
CASE No. 6065.—A.F. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent; perseveration: instances of association to preceding reaction and to preceding stimulus.
Table—stove..........19 Dark—clear...........19 Music—calm...........19 Sickness—exact.......19 Man—particular.......18 Deep—personal........18 Soft—frank...........19 Eating—determined....19 Mountain—idea........19 House—street......... Black—water.......... Mutton—ground........19 Comfort—country......18 Hand—fire............19 Short—straight.......10 Fruit—flowers........ Butterfly—horn.......19 Smooth—farm..........19 Command—forbidden.... 2 Chair—bed............ Sweet—sugar.......... Whistle—noise........ Woman—boy............ Cold—house...........13 Slow—store...........14 Wish—work............19 River—sound..........17 White—blue........... Beautiful—fair....... Window—door.......... Rough—glass..........13 Citizen—dress........19 Foot—exact...........15 Spider—fly........... Needle—pins.......... Red—person........... 9 Sleep—nervous........17 Anger—determined.....15 Carpet—floor......... Girl—man............. 1 High—fruit...........19 Working—wear.........10 Sour—sweet........... Earth—early..........10 Trouble—state........19 Soldier—girl.........18 Cabbage—woman........ 9 Hard—heart........... Eagle—bird........... Stomach—friend.......19 Stem—tree............ Lamp—couch...........19 Dream—desk...........19 Yellow—table......... Bread—chair..........14 Justice—truth........ Boy—honor............13 Light—tails..........19 Health—care.......... Bible—book........... Memory—remembrance... Sheep—free...........19 Bath—court...........19 Cottage—pitcher......19 Swift—strong......... Blue—delicate........18 Hungry—bread......... Priest—church........ Ocean—ship........... Head—height.......... 2 Stove—people......... 9 Long—heart...........15 Religion—Catholic.... Whiskey—Brooklyn.....19 Child—New York.......18 Bitter—frost.........19 Hammer—summer........10 Thirsty—fall.........18 City—autumn..........18 Square—winter........18 Butter—daily.........19 Doctor—midnight......19 Loud—forenoon........18 Thief—afternoon......18 Lion—evening.........18 Joy—sorrow........... Bed—obstinate........19 Heavy—indifferent....19 Tobacco—pipe......... Baby—mother.......... Moon—daughter........18 Scissors—son.........18 Quiet—sister.........18 Queen—brother........18 Salt—forward.........19 Street—proper........19 King—vulgar..........18 Cheese—personal......15 Blossom—tree......... Afraid—fear..........
CASE No. 17188.—G.B. Sound reactions; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent
Table—tablet.........10 Dark—dot.............10 Music—Lizzie.........19 Sickness—Josh........17 Man—McMahon..........10 Deep—deaf (deef).....10 Soft—sulphur.........10 Eating—itching.......10 Mountain—mouth.......10 House—horse..........10 Black—back...........10 Mutton—button........10 Comfort—community....10 Hand—hat.............10 Short—shore..........10 Fruit—Freehoff.......10 Butterfly—busty...... 3 Smooth—small......... 1 Command—Cummings.....10 Chair—cherries.......10 Sweet—sweeten........ 8 Whistle—Walters......19 Woman—wayman.........10 Cold—laboratory......19 Slow—slaw............10 Wish—wishbone........ River—Ontario........17 White—William........19 Beautiful—bureau.....10 Window—Weldon........10 Rough—saw............17 Citizen—Sendow.......17 Foot—hoof............17 Spider—web........... Needle—shoe..........19 Red—book............. Sleep—sitting........19 Anger—Freeman........19 Carpet—longing.......19 Girl—gone............19 High—law.............19 Working—back.........15 Sour—clock...........19 Earth—flower......... Trouble—sensibility..17 Soldier—sodder.......10 Cabbage—Cabot........10 Hard—done............ 2 Eagle—time...........19 Stomach—mat..........19 Stem—water........... Lamp—florist.........19 Dream—Conners........19 Yellow—flower........ Bread—water.......... Justice—Gaynor.......17 Boy—passion..........19 Light—life........... Health—wealth........ Bible—gone...........15 Memory—Hans..........19 Sheep—pasture........ Bath—Rogan...........19 Cottage—house........ Swift—swim...........10 Blue—Thompson........19 Hungry—memory........18 Priest—golden........18 Green—hat............15 Head—broom...........19 Stove—fan............19 Long—time............ Religion—Yukon.......19 Whiskey—Freeman......15 Child—Hopkins........17 Bitter—brown.........19 Hammer—hands.........19 Thirsty—thirty.......10 City—sure............19 Square—squire........10 Butter—Tam O'Shanter.10 Doctor—Dorsan........10 Loud—law.............15 Thief—child..........19 Lion—dirty...........19 Joy—commerce.........19 Bed—strike...........19 Heavy—Walden.........19 Tobacco—Alice........19 Baby—water...........15 Moon—handsome........19 Scissors—comet.......19 Quiet—tiger..........19 Green—tree........... Salt—salary..........10 Street—prunes........19 King—kind............19 Cheese—handsome......15 Blossom—pretty....... 1 Afraid—Africa........10
CASE No. 6238.—M.H. Sound reactions; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table—token..........19 Dark—dye.............17 Music—meat...........10 Sickness—sorrow...... Man—mother...........17 Jeep—dark............ Soft—silk............ Eating—elephant......19 Mountain—many........10 House—home........... Black—brown.......... Mutton—men...........10 Comfort—cat..........10 Hand—hat.............10 Short—shift..........10 Fruit—free...........10 Butterfly—baby.......19 Smooth—soft.......... Command—cat..........10 Chair—comfort........ Sweet—sugar.......... Whistle—wine.........19 Woman—when...........10 Cold—cat.............15 Slow—short........... Wish—when............12 River—Rhine.......... White—when...........10 Beautiful—baby....... Window—wide.......... Rough—red............19 Citizen—company......19 Foot—feeling.........19 Spider—speck.........10 Needle—nothing.......18 Red—rose............. Sleep—should.........12 Anger—after..........10 Carpet—cat...........10 Girl—God.............19 High—heaven.......... Working—will......... 2 Sour—sweet........... Earth—eaten..........14 Trouble—tea..........10 Soldier—sailor....... Cabbage—cobweb.......19 Hard—haven't.........12 Eagle—eaten..........15 Stomach—sat..........10 Stem—should..........12 Lamp—little..........19 Dream—did............12 Yellow—you...........10 Bread—butter......... Justice—Jesus........10 Boy—baby............. Light—love...........14 Health—heaven........ Bible—bitch..........19 Memory—man........... 1 Sheep—shepherd....... Bath—both............10 Cottage—cat..........10 Swift—said...........19 Blue—bad............. 9 Hungry—haven't.......12 Priest—Pope.......... Ocean—open...........10 Head—heart........... Stove—steel.......... Long—little..........15 Religion—right....... Whiskey—when.........12 Child—chimney........19 Bitter—both..........19 Hammer—heart.........15 Thirsty—think........ 9 City—church..........17 Square—swift.........19 Butter—bread......... Doctor—debtor........10 Loud—loaf............19 Thief—theatre........10 Lion—liar............10 Joy—jam..............19 Bed—broom............19 Heavy—hard........... Tobacco—Tom..........19 Baby—brother.........17 Moon—men............. 2 Scissors—shift.......10 Quiet—quilt..........10 Green—grass.......... Salt—said............19 Street—Stevens.......10 King—kite............19 Cheese—cat...........15 Blossom—bad.......... 9 Afraid—anger.........
CASE No. 12720.—J.B. Unclassified reactions, many of which are probably due to distraction; some stereotypy. Note on test record states: "Influenced by sensory impressions, but gave good attention to each stimulus word. Had some difficulty in limiting his response to one word, but made all possible effort to comply with every request. On one occasion he was asked to react with his eyes closed, but was unable, under the unnatural conditions, to respond with one word."
Table—floor.......... Dark—light........... Music—shoe...........19 Sickness—well........ Man—boy.............. Deep—sea............. Soft—soap............ Eating—tea...........17 Mountain—forest......17 House—horse..........10 Black—sill...........19 Mutton—tablecloth....17 Comfort—black........16 Hand—fingers......... Short—wrist..........13 Fruit—soup...........17 Butterfly—grape......13 Smooth—coat.......... Command—vest.........18 Chair—pillow.........19 Sweet—brick..........19 Whistle—knuckles.....19 Woman—wall...........19 Cold—eating..........19 Slow—swift........... Wish—knob............19 River—pad............19 White—book...........19 Beautiful—shadow..... 6 Window—stockings.....19 Bough—stand..........19 Citizen—blue.........19 Foot—brass...........19 Spider—shoelace......19 Needle—name..........19 Red—sunlight.........19 Sleep—flag...........18 Anger—slant..........19 Carpet—rip...........19 Girl—lady............ High—stripe..........19 Working—steam........17 Sour—handkerchief....19 Earth—ground......... Trouble—insect.......19 Soldier—army......... Cabbage—sill.........15 Hard—washstand.......19 Eagle—blue...........15 Stomach—tap..........19 Stem—sill............15 Lamp—back............19 Dream—shadow......... 2 Yellow—blanket.......19 Bread—horizontal.....19 Justice—ink..........19 Boy—taste............19 Light—yellow......... Health—book..........19 Bible—Joseph.........17 Memory—Joe...........18 Sheep—pillow.........19 Bath—Mott............19 Cottage—globe........19 Swift—continue.......19 Blue—notice..........19 Hungry—Josephine.....19 Priest—sixteen.......12 Ocean—flag...........15 Head—cabbage......... Stove—rivet..........17 Long—floor...........19 Religion—priest...... Whiskey—tin..........19 Child—shadow......... 6 Bitter—black.........15 Hammer—buttons.......15 Thirsty—shadow....... 6 City—back............15 Square—oval.......... Butter—table......... Doctor—doorway.......10 Loud—shadow.......... 6 Thief—butter.........16 Lion—difference......19 Joy—ink..............15 Bed—butter...........15 Heavy—shadow......... 6 Tobacco—wood.........13 Baby—wall............15 Moon—lightning.......17 Scissors—book........15 Quiet—yellow.........15 Green—sole...........19 Salt—ink.............15 Street—sides.........19 King—stripes.........19 Cheese—butter........ Blossom—trees........ Afraid—boy...........
CASE No. 5374.—J.F. Perseveration; some stereotypy; sound reactions; unclassified reactions many of which are probably due to distraction. Note on test record states: "Understood what was expected, but could not be induced to give much attention to the stimulus words; sat facing a window, and showed a strong tendency to merely name objects in sight. Reaction time very short, in some cases so short that it is doubtful if he recognized the stimulus word at all."
Table—God............19 Dark—angel...........18 Music—bird........... Sickness—woman....... 9 Man—male............. Deep—dove............19 Soft—dog.............19 Eating—horse.........18 Mountain—mule........18 House—dog............ Black—rabbit.........18 Mutton—hen...........18 Comfort—dog..........15 Hand—clock........... Short—myself......... Fruit—post...........19 Butterfly—bricks.....19 Smooth—glass......... Command—sand.........10 Chair—leaf...........19 Sweet—wood...........19 Whistle—earth........19 Woman—grass..........14 Cold—mustard.........19 Slow—kale............19 Wish—lampsquob....... 4 River—ten............12 White—rock...........17 Beautiful—water......17 Window—scene......... Rough—been...........12 Citizen—house........13 Foot—stable.......... 2 Spider—horse.........13 Needle—pin........... Red—cushion..........18 Sleep—black..........13 Anger—white..........14 Carpet—vingency...... 4 Girl—noodles.........19 High—macaroni........18 Working—tomatoes.....18 Sour—asparagus.......18 Earth—oakry.......... 4 Trouble—peas.........19 Soldier—beans........18 Cabbage—greens....... Hard—cow.............19 Eagle—robin.......... Stomach—hawk.........13 Stem—fishes..........19 Lamp—whale...........18 Dream—shark..........18 Yellow—crabs.........18 Bread—red............10 Justice—jam..........19 Boy—be............... 2 Light—girl...........13 Health—filth.........10 Bible—book........... Memory—bad........... 1 Sheep—dat............ 4 Bath—oval............19 Cottage—nurse........19 Swift—begin..........19 Blue—joy.............19 Hungry—wonder........10 Priest—apostle.......17 Ocean—preacher.......13 Head—dead............10 Stove—store..........10 Long—lone............10 Religion—world.......19 Whiskey—whisper......10 Child—gule........... 4 Bitter—Rugby.........19 Hammer—ball..........18 Thirsty—sun..........19 City—Christ..........10 Square—Jesus.........18 Butter—Joe...........19 Doctor—John..........17 Loud—Luke............18 Thief—St. Matthew....18 Lion—lie.............10 Joy—George...........10 Bed—Beth.............10 Heavy—tither......... 4 Tobacco—iron.........13 Baby—blade...........10 Moon—stars........... Scissors—sun.........13 Quiet—wired..........10 Green—mean...........10 Salt—Lou.............19 Street—vault.........19 King—sepulchre.......18 Cheese—Presbyterian..19 Blossom—Baptist......18 Afraid—Methodist.....18
CASE No. 1431.—A.L. Sound reactions; particles; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table—ammitting...... 4 Dark—cat............. Music—hello..........12 Sickness—spelling....19 Man—then.............12 Deep—heap............10 Soft—deep............ 7 Eating—people........ 1 Mountain—striking....19 House—pat............19 Black—and............12 Mutton—it............12 Comfort—herself......12 Hand—self............19 Short—length......... Fruit—long...........13 Butterfly—quick......19 Smooth—edges.........19 Command—first........17 Chair—exact..........19 Sweet—nicest......... 2 Whistle—thistle......10 Woman—pins...........19 Cold—waving..........19 Slow—swift........... Wish—choice..........17 River—never..........10 White—black.......... Beautiful—much.......19 Window—such..........19 Rough—exact..........15 Citizen—just......... Foot—root............10 Spider—diving........19 Needle—Hercules......19 Red—green............ Sleep—deep........... Anger—grief.......... Carpet—cheap.........19 Girl—ink.............19 High—I...............10 Working—loafing...... Sour—hour............10 Earth—hurt...........10 Trouble—bubble.......10 Soldier—yes..........12 Cabbage—garbage......10 Hard—hitting.........17 Eagle—fitting........19 Stomach—pitting......19 Stem—condemned.......10 Lamp—stamp...........10 Dream—stained........19 Yellow—purple........ Bread—pimple.........19 Justice—suit.........17 Boy—ahoy.............12 Light—night.......... Health—wealth........ Bible—indeed.........12 Memory—remembering... Sheep—cow............ Bath—sponge.......... Cottage—people....... 1 Swift—left...........10 Blue—shift...........19 Hungry—property......19 Priest—judge......... 2 Ocean—river.......... Head—sea.............13 Stove—Venus..........19 Long—hog.............19 Religion—pigeon......10 Whiskey—gin.......... Child—thing..........19 Bitter—better........10 Hammer—happy......... 9 Thirsty—whiskey......17 City—fitting.........10 Square—round......... Butter—shut..........10 Doctor—exercise......19 Loud—accounts........10 Thief—endless........19 Lion—tiger........... Joy—fast.............19 Bed—grass............19 Heavy—heaving........10 Tobacco—queen........19 Baby—water...........19 Moon—room............19 Scissors—pants.......17 Quiet—razor..........13 Green—steel..........18 Salt—sharp........... Street—fence.........19 King—bring...........10 Cheese—eggs.......... Blossom—see..........19 Afraid—awaiting......19
CASE No. 6251.—C.D. Some stereotypy; particles; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table—doctor.........19 Dark—nigger..........17 Music—violin......... Sickness—whores......19 Man—Mulcane..........17 Deep—deaf............19 Soft—hearing.........18 Eating—pillow........13 Mountain—sight.......19 House—pure...........19 Black—nigger......... Mutton—plenty........ 6 Comfort—middle.......19 Hand—left............17 Short—one............12 Fruit—up.............12 Butterfly—bird....... Smooth—never......... 6 Command—commodore....10 Chair—seat........... Sweet—sugar.......... Whistle—highest......19 Woman—Constance......17 Cold—temperature..... Slow—walk............ Wish—wishbone........ River—love...........19 White—Dr. White......17 Beautiful—pretty..... 1 Window—dove..........19 Rough—fine........... 1 Citizen—United States Foot—left............15 Spider—web........... Needle—ether.........19 Red—pot.............. Sleep—wake........... Anger—mad............ Carpet—pretty........ 1 Girl—boy............. High—Heidel..........10 Working—never........ Sour—sweet........... Earth—bride..........19 Trouble—mischief..... Soldier—war.......... Cabbage—head......... Hard—never........... 6 Eagle—fly............ Stomach—go...........19 Stem—study...........10 Lamp—light........... Dream—behave.........19 Yellow—false.........19 Bread—plenty......... 6 Justice—just......... Boy—come.............19 Light—Davie..........19 Health—wealth........ Bible—Constance......15 Memory—fine.......... 1 Sheep—plenty......... 6 Bath—bother..........10 Cottage—mansion...... Swift—hurry.......... Blue—flowers......... 2 Hungry—never......... Priest—highest....... 2 Ocean—land........... Head—millionaire.....19 Stove—twenty-five....12 Long—thirty-four.....12 Religion—churches.... Whiskey—plenty....... 6 Child—baby........... Bitter—sorrow........ Hammer—court.........19 Thirsty—blood........11 City—this............12 Square—I.............12 Butter—plenty........ 6 Doctor—millionaire...15 Loud—tell............17 Thief—rich...........19 Lion—west............19 Joy—ever.............12 Bed—Constance........15 Heavy—fine........... 9 Tobacco—back.........10 Baby—millionaire.....15 Moon—always..........12 Scissors—large....... 9 Quiet—stay...........19 Green—flowers........ Salt—perfume.........18 Street—floor.........19 King—Haaken..........19 Cheese—kiss..........19 Blossom—flower....... Afraid—never.........
CASE No. 17607.—P.D. Test record somewhat approaching the normal: 24 individual reactions, of which 16 are unclassified, mostly "far fetched" and not strictly incoherent. Patient is a well-marked case of dementia praecox but only moderately deteriorated; works well at the hospital.
Table—oak.............. Dark—brown............. Music—falsetto.........17 Sickness—typhoid....... Man—gender.............19 Deep—feet..............19 Soft—feeling........... Eating—partaking.......19 Mountain—hunter........19 House—dwelling......... Black—color............ Mutton—sheep........... Comfort—coziness....... 2 Hand—anatomy........... Short—stature.......... Fruit—apples........... Butterfly—insect....... Smooth—plain........... Command—order.......... Chair—furniture........ Sweet—sugar............ Whistle—steam.......... Woman—sex.............. Cold—degree............ Slow—speedless......... Wish—expression........ River—Amazon........... White—pulp.............17 Beautiful—description.. Window—opaque..........19 Rough—uncouth.......... Citizen—qualification..19 Foot—anatomy........... Spider—bug............. Needle—steel........... Red—color.............. Sleep—slumber.......... Anger—aroused.......... Carpet—texture......... 2 Girl—female............ High—up................ Working—doing.......... Sour—lemon............. Earth—dirt............. Trouble—distress....... Soldier—uniform........ Cabbage—crop...........19 Hard—metal............. Eagle—bird............. Stomach—anatomy........ Stem—pipe.............. Lamp—glass............. Dream—atmosphere.......19 Yellow—color........... Bread—flour............ Justice—equality....... Boy—male............... Light—sun.............. Health—color........... Bible—nonsense.........19 Memory—retentiveness... 2 Sheep—quadruped........ Bath—water............. Cottage—stories........19 Swift—speed............ Blue—navy.............. Hungry—appetite........ Priest—uniform.........15 Ocean—Atlantic......... Head—stature...........15 Stove—iron............. Long—inches............17 Religion—creed......... Whiskey—hops........... Child—neuter...........19 Bitter—horehound.......17 Hammer—steel........... Thirsty—degree.........15 City—population........ Square—sides........... Butter—cream........... Doctor—physician....... Loud—noise............. Thief—characterization.19 Lion—menagerie......... Joy—openness...........19 Bed—furniture.......... Heavy—weight........... Tobacco—plant.......... Baby—egg...............19 Moon—astronomy......... Scissors—blades........ Quiet—noiseless........ Green—Paris............11 Salt—crystal...........17 Street—lane............ King—usurper...........19 Cheese—milk............ Blossom—bud............ Afraid—scared..........
CASE No. 5537.—J.H. Test record approaching the normal: 21 individual reactions, 8 classed as normal, 1 non-specific, 12 unclassified, mostly "far fetched" but not strictly incoherent. Well-marked dementia praecox, but of recent origin and but slight deterioration.
Table—eat............ Dark—night........... Music—pleasure....... 1 Sickness—suffering... Man—farmer...........17 Deep—low............. Soft—hard............ Eating—life.......... Mountain—earth....... House—dwelling....... Black—color.......... Mutton—food.......... Comfort—rest......... Hand—limb............ Short—small.......... 1 Fruit—nourishing..... Butterfly—flower.....
Smooth—straight...... Command—obey......... Chair—furniture...... Sweet—palate......... 8 Whistle—noise........ Woman—marriage....... Cold—indisposed......17 Slow—weary...........19 Wish—work............ 9 River—tug............ White—sheets......... 2 Beautiful—rare.......19 Window—ventilation... Rough—uneven......... Citizen—public.......17 Foot—walk............ Spider—web........... Needle—sew........... Red—marine........... 1 Sleep—repose......... Anger—assault........17 Carpet—cloth......... Girl—sister.......... High—above........... Working—labor........ Sour—bitter.......... Earth—farm........... Trouble—fight........ Soldier—duty......... Cabbage—vegetable.... Hard—stone........... Eagle—large.......... 1 Stomach—body......... Stem—leaf............ Lamp—light........... Dream—unconsciousness Yellow—flag.......... Bread—hunger......... Justice—freedom...... Boy—school........... Light—electricity.... Health—business......19 Bible—religion....... Memory—brain......... Sheep—pasture........ Bath—clean........... Cottage—property.....17 Swift—current........ Blue—uniform.........17 Hungry—appetite...... Priest—church........ Ocean—commerce.......19 Head—thought......... 1 Stove—iron........... Long—distance........ Religion—belief...... Whiskey—alcohol...... Child—parent......... Bitter—taste......... Hammer—trade.........19 Thirsty—beverage..... City—position........19 Square—block......... Butter—yellow........ Doctor—profession.... Loud—fiddle..........17 Thief—police......... Lion—Africa.......... Joy—sensation........ Bed—rest............. Heavy—burden......... Tobacco—store........19 Baby—care............ Moon—atmosphere...... Scissors—dressmaker.. Quiet—lonesome....... Green—color.......... Salt—house...........19 Street—neighborhood..17 King—beast...........19 Cheese—merchant......19 Blossom—flowers...... Afraid—train.........10
CASE No. 6190.—L.L. Test record not distinguishable from normal. Case of recent onset, with little, if any deterioration.
Table—chair.......... Dark—light........... Music—note........... Sickness—health...... Man—woman............ 1 Deep—shallow......... Soft—hard............ Eating—breakfast..... Mountain—rock........ House—chimney........ Black—white.......... Mutton—animal........ Comfort—chair........ Hand—foot............ Short—long........... Fruit—ripe........... Butterfly—fields..... Smooth—hard.......... Command—army......... Chair—straw..........19 Sweet—bitter......... Whistle—engine....... Woman—man............ 1 Cold—hot............. Slow—fast............ Wish—desire.......... River—brook.......... White—black.......... Beautiful—girl....... Window—glass......... Rough—smooth......... Citizen—city......... Foot—ankle........... Spider—web........... Needle—cotton........ Red—brick............ Sleep—night.......... Anger—joy............ Carpet—cloth......... Girl—mouth...........17 High—low............. Working—idle......... Sour—vinegar......... Earth—round.......... Trouble—sickness..... Soldier—gun.......... Cabbage—garden....... Hard—rock............ Eagle—fly............ Stomach—man.......... 1 Stem—watch........... Lamp—oil............. Dream—sleep.......... Yellow—sunflower..... Bread—butter......... Justice—peace........ Boy—girl............. Light—window......... Health—man........... 1 Bible—God............ Memory—mind.......... Sheep—pasture........ Bath—water........... Cottage—trees........ Swift—engine......... Blue—sky............. Hungry—bread......... Priest—church........ Ocean—ships.......... Head—mind............ Stove—chimney........ Long—wind............19 Religion—God......... Whiskey—alcohol...... Child—mother......... Bitter—fruit......... Hammer—nails......... Thirsty—water........ City—cars............ Square—angles........ Butter—cow........... Doctor—sickness...... Loud—noise........... Thief—sinner......... 2 Lion—jungle.......... Joy—gladness......... Bed—pillow........... Heavy—iron........... Tobacco—leaf......... Baby—mother.......... Moon—stars........... Scissors—thread...... Quiet—room........... Green—grass.......... Salt—ocean........... Street—men...........15 King—queen........... Cheese—butter........ Blossom—bud.......... Afraid—coward........
CASE No. 1278.—B.B. Test record not distinguishable from normal. Case of several years standing, but showing almost complete remission of all symptoms.
Table—chair.......... Dark—day............. Music—instrument..... Sickness—health...... Man—woman............ 1 Deep—thoughts........ 1 Soft—apple........... Eating—food.......... Mountain—rock........ House—building....... Black—dark........... Mutton—meat.......... Comfort—home......... Hand—from............12 Short—stout.......... Fruit—eating......... Butterfly—bird....... Smooth—glossy........ Command—general...... Chair—floor.......... Sweet—taste.......... Whistle—tune......... Woman—man............ 1 Cold—chilly.......... Slow—fast............ Wish—something....... River—water.......... White—black.......... Beautiful—pretty..... Window—pane.......... Rough—ugly........... Citizen—papers....... Foot—shoe............ Spider—bug........... Needle—thread........ Red—white............ Sleep—slumber........ Anger—kindness....... Carpet—mat........... Girl—boy............. High—short........... Working—idle......... Sour—sweet........... Earth—land........... Trouble—sorrow....... Soldier—hero......... Cabbage—turnip....... Hard—soft............ Eagle—owl............ Stomach—head......... Stem—pipe............ Lamp—cover...........19 Dream—sleep.......... Yellow—brown......... Bread—biscuit........ Justice—peaceful..... 2 Boy—girl............. Light—dark........... Health—well.......... Bible—book........... Memory—lost.......... 2 Sheep—animal......... Bath—wash............ Cottage—house........ Swift—movements...... 2 Blue—red............. Hungry—thirst........ Priest—minister...... Ocean—sea............ Head—body............ Stove—iron........... Long—length.......... Religion—too.........12 Whiskey—drink........ Child—baby........... Bitter—taste......... Hammer—nails......... Thirsty—drink........ City—town............ Square—man........... 1 Butter—bread......... Doctor—patient....... Loud—howl............17 Thief—steal.......... Lion—bear............ Joy—happiness........ 1 Bed—blanket.......... Heavy—weight......... Tobacco—smoke........ Baby—cradle.......... Moon—sun............. Scissors—thimble..... Quiet—stillness...... Green—plaid..........17 Salt—pepper.......... Street—sidewalk...... King—queen........... Cheese—crackers...... Blossom—leaf......... Afraid—frightened....
PARANOIC CONDITIONS.
The clinical group of psychoses included under the designation paranoic conditions is far from being homogeneous. We have here cases that are more or less closely allied to the paranoid form of dementia praecox, other cases that are apparently dependent upon involutional changes (Kraepelin's praeseniler Beeintraechtigungswah), still other cases that are characterized by absence or at least delay of mental deterioration, etc.
In some of these cases disturbance of the flow of utterance is not observed, and the test records obtained from them present no striking abnormalities. Distinctly pathological records are obtained mainly from those cases which clinically resemble dementia praecox; in these records the nature of the pathological reactions would seem to indicate that the diagnosis of dementia praecox would be more justifiable than that of paranoic condition.
The following test records will serve to illustrate the types of reactions met with in this group of psychoses:
CASE No. 3039.—F.A. Normal record.
Table—purpose........19 Dark—obscure......... Music—pleasant....... 1 Sickness—confinement.17 Man—twenty-one.......12 Deep—down............ Soft—smooth.......... Eating—nourishment... Mountain—high........ House—living......... Black—dark........... Mutton—eating........ Comfort—pleasant..... 1 Hand—limb............ Short—low............ Fruit—eat............ Butterfly—miller..... Smooth—soft.......... Command—obey......... Chair—sitting........ Sweet—tasting........ Whistle—noise........ Woman—female......... Cold—unpleasant...... 1 Slow—easy............ Wish—want............ River—water.......... White—colorless...... Beautiful—handsome... Window—glass......... Rough—unpleasant..... 1 Citizen—vote......... Foot—limb............ Spider—insect........ Needle—sewing........ Red—color............ Sleep—bed............ Anger—cross.......... Carpet—floor......... Girl—young........... High—up.............. Working—labor........ Sour—unpleasant...... 1 Earth—dirt........... Trouble—worriment.... Soldier—fight........ Cabbage—vegetable.... Hard—tough........... Eagle—bird........... Stomach—anatomy......
Stem—growth.......... Lamp—burn............ Dream—restlessness... Yellow—color......... Bread—eat............ Justice—right........ Boy—young............ Light—see............ Health—well.......... Bible—religion....... Memory—thoughtful.... Sheep—animal......... Bath—wash............ Cottage—house........ Swift—fast........... Blue—color........... Hungry—appetite...... Priest—Christian.....17 Ocean—large.......... Head—trunk........... Stove—fire........... Long—distance........ Religion—Christianity Whiskey—drinkable.... Child—young.......... Bitter—bad........... Hammer—knock......... Thirsty—dry.......... City—government...... Square—block......... Butter—eat........... Doctor—cure.......... Loud—noisy........... Thief—steal.......... Lion—animal.......... Joy—pleasant......... Bed—laying........... Heavy—weighty........ Tobacco—smoking...... Baby—new-born........ Moon—planet.......... Scissors—cutting..... Quiet—easy........... Green—color.......... Salt—preservative.... Street—lane.......... King—monarch......... Cheese—eatable....... Blossom—budding...... Afraid—fear..........
CASE No. 5803.—D.E.D. Slight tendency to give sound reactions.
Table—tree...........19 Dark—bright.......... Music—song........... Sickness—health...... Man—woman............ 1 Deep—shallow......... Soft—hard............ Eating—digesting..... Mountain—hill........ House—horse..........10 Black—red............ Mutton—tallow........ Comfort—wealth....... Hand—arm............. Short—long........... Fruit—plate..........17 Butterfly—net........ Smooth—surface....... Command—obey......... Chair—table.......... Sweet—sour........... Whistle—call......... Woman—lady........... Cold—lukewarm........19 Slow—not.............12 Wish—receive......... River—lake........... White—black.......... Beautiful—graceful... Window—door.......... Rough—smooth......... Citizen—city......... Foot—leg............. Spider—soap..........10 Needle—pin........... Red—yellow........... Sleep—slumber........ Anger—amiable........ Carpet—mat........... Girl—boy............. High—hill............ Working—playing...... Sour—sweet........... Earth—land........... Trouble—tranquillity.10 Soldier—boy.......... Cabbage—plant........ Hard—easy............ Eagle—bird........... Stomach—bowels....... Stem—head............ Lamp—chimney......... Dream—myth...........17 Yellow—blue.......... Bread—biscuit........ Justice—balance......17 Boy—girl............. Light—gray...........17 Health—wealth........ Bible—prayerbook..... Memory—understanding. Sheep—lamb........... Bath—swim............ Cottage—house........ Swift—slow........... Blue—yellow.......... Hungry—eat........... Priest—bishop........ Ocean—river.......... Head—neck............ Stove—covers......... Long—short........... Religion—optional.... Whiskey—wine......... Child—baby........... Bitter—sweet......... Hammer—gimlet........ Thirsty—drink........ City—town............ Square—compass....... Butter—butterfly..... Doctor—lawyer........ Loud—lord............ Thief—beggar......... Lion—lioness......... Joy—sorrow........... Bed—couch............ Heavy—light.......... Tobacco—cigarette.... Baby—child........... Moon—stars........... Scissors—knife....... Quiet—quilt.......... Green—envy........... Salt—sewing.......... Street—lane.......... King—queen........... Cheese—cracker....... Blossom—flower....... Afraid—courageous....
CASE No. 2133.—M.F. Unclassified reactions, mostly "far fetched" or incoherent; perseveration.
Table—eat............ Dark—night........... Music—sing........... Sickness—sadness..... Man—home............. Deep—light........... Soft—sleep...........13 Eating—drink......... Mountain—hills....... House—home........... Black—stove..........17 Mutton—lamb.......... Comfort—pleasure..... 1 Hand—write........... Short—short-cake.....10 Fruit—grapes......... Butterfly—butter..... Smooth—ironing....... Command—correct......19 Chair—see............19 Sweet—apples......... Whistle—happiness.... 1 Woman—girl........... Cold—warm............ Slow—fast............ Wish—like............ River—water.......... White—blue........... Beautiful—red........13 Window—light......... Rough—easy........... Citizen—spring.......19 Foot—run............. Spider—fly........... Needle—Carrie........19 Red—pink............. Sleep—awake.......... Anger—jolly..........19 Carpet—curtains...... Girl—yellow..........19 High—green...........14 Working—bed..........19 Sour—dishes..........19 Earth—grapes.........13 Trouble—work......... 1 Soldier—sing.........15 Cabbage—potatoes..... Hard—sewing..........17 Eagle—daisy..........19 Stomach—flowers......18 Stem—vine............ Lamp—flatiron........19 Dream—sleep.......... Yellow—awake.........13 Bread—children....... Justice—dresses......14 Boy—mother........... Light—dark........... Health—wealth........ Bible—commands....... 2 Memory—black.........13 Sheep—chickens.......17 Bath—carpet..........19 Cottage—worsted......14 Swift—silk...........18 Blue—cotton..........18 Hungry—chair.........19 Priest—church........ Ocean—spring.........15 Head—canary..........19 Stove—board.......... Long—dishes..........18 Religion—piano.......19 Whiskey—home.........15 Child—baby........... Bitter—shoes.........19 Hammer—tacks......... Thirsty—longing...... City—Flushing........17 Square—store.........10 Butter—butcher.......10 Doctor—hat...........19 Loud—chair...........15 Thief—picture........19 Lion—house...........13 Joy—gladness......... Bed—sleep............ Heavy—sick........... 2 Tobacco—album........19 Baby—basket..........17 Moon—stars........... Scissors—knife....... Quiet—spoon..........18 Green—scar...........19 Salt—pepper.......... Street—sugar.........18 King—blacking........19 Cheese—meat.......... Blossom—flowers...... Afraid—red...........18
CASE No. 4569.—L.K. Marked stereotypy; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table—fruit..........17 Dark—light........... Music—pleasure....... 1 Sickness—illness..... Man—parent........... 6 Deep—verse...........19 Soft—fruit........... Eating—illness.......15 Mountain—parent...... 6 House—privilege......19 Black—colors......... 2 Mutton—parent........ 6 Comfort—family.......18 Hand—comfort......... 7 Short—parent......... 6 Fruit—parent......... 5 Butterfly—insect..... Smooth—surface....... Command—privilege....15 Chair—house.......... Sweet—dairy..........19 Whistle—nature.......19 Woman—parent......... 6 Cold—house........... 6 Slow—light...........15 Wish—desire.......... River—house.......... 6 White—suspicion......19 Beautiful—house...... 6 Window—light......... Rough—surface........ Citizen—parent....... 6 Foot—house........... Spider—insect........ Needle—house......... 6 Red—colors........... Sleep—God............ 6 Anger—God............ 5 Carpet—house......... Girl—God............. 6 High—house........... Working—parent....... 6 Sour—desire..........15 Earth—God............ 6 Trouble—God.......... 5 Soldier—house........ 6 Cabbage—desire.......15 Hard—vegetable....... Eagle—animal......... Stomach—doctor....... Stem—growth.......... Lamp—house........... Dream—God............ 6 Yellow—color......... Bread—God............ 6 Justice—fright.......19 Boy—parent........... 6 Light—God............ 6 Health—God........... 5 Bible—teachings...... Memory—teaching...... 2 Sheep—God............ 6 Bath—cleanness....... Cottage—home......... Swift—fear...........19 Blue—color........... Hungry—appetite...... Priest—servant....... Ocean—God............ 6 Head—servant......... 6 Stove—house.......... Long—God............. 6 Religion—servant..... 6 Whiskey—doctor.......15 Child—house.......... 6 Bitter—taste......... Hammer—household.....19 Thirsty—drink........ City—God............. 6 Square—touch.........19 Butter—taste......... Doctor—servant....... 6 Loud—thought......... 9 Thief—slave..........19 Lion—animal.......... Joy—pleasure......... 1 Bed—household........15 Heavy—weight......... Tobacco—doctor.......15 Baby—care............ Moon—heavens......... Scissors—household...15 Quiet—nerve..........19 Green—substance......19 Salt—taste........... Street—heavens.......15 King—servant......... 6 Cheese—taste......... Blossom—sight........ Afraid—fear..........
CASE No. 6164.—L.E. Remarkably persistent tendency to give sound reactions; numerous sound neologisms; no reactions given in response to some of the stimulus words on the ground that she had "no word to match."
Table—witchhazel.....10 Dark—frog............19 Music—lessons........ 2 Sickness—badness..... 2 Man—wife............. Deep—seef............ 4 Soft—shoft........... 3 Eating—feeding....... Mountain—sounding....10 House—shmouse........ 3 Black—fake...........19 Mutton—shutton....... 3 Comfort—somfort...... 3 Hand—land............10 Short—court..........10 Fruit—shrewd.........10 Butterfly—shuddergy.. 3 Smooth—slude......... 3 Command—noman........ 3 Chair—sash...........19 Sweet—leaf...........19 Whistle—noshissel.... 3 Woman—lemon..........19 Cold—shoal...........10 Slow—snow............10 Wish—dish............ River—liberty........10 White—size...........10 Beautiful—........... Window—Hilda.........19 Rough—shoff.......... 3 Citizen—shiffizen.... 3 Foot—shoot...........10 Spider—shider........ 3 Needle—dreedle....... 3 Red—shred............10 Sleep—seef........... 3 Anger—............... Carpet—shloppet...... 3 Girl—shirl........... 3 High—fie.............10 Working—shlirking.... 3 Sour—bower...........10 Earth—world.......... Trouble—shuttle......19 Soldier—polster...... 3 Cabbage—sheffies..... 4 Hard—shward.......... 3 Eagle—............... Stomach—............. Stem—lamp............19 Lamp—sant............ 4 Dream—leam........... 3 Yellow—cherry........19 Bread—dread..........10 Justice—chestnuts....10 Boy—................. Light—shwife......... 3 Health—felt.......... 2 Bible—............... Memory—.............. Sheep—sheet..........10 Bath—scab............19 Cottage—foppach...... 3 Swift—shift..........10 Blue—shoe............10 Hungry—angry......... Priest—sheaf.........19 Ocean—notion.........10 Head—shred...........10 Stove—shove.......... 3 Long—song............10 Religion—switching...19 Whiskey—chiston...... 4 Child—kile........... 3 Bitter—shitter....... 3 Hammer—lemon.........13 Thirsty—flrsten...... 3 City—................ Square—birds.........19 Butter—shudder.......10 Doctor—shoctor....... 3 Loud—souse...........10 Thief—sheaf..........10 Lion—Zion............10 Joy—bloy............. 3 Bed—wading...........19 Heavy—shleavy........ 3 Tobacco—confecker.... 4 Baby—savey........... 3 Moon—shoon........... 3 Scissors—............ Quiet—shiet.......... 3 Green—sheel.......... 4 Salt—shawlt.......... 3 Street—freet......... 3 King—sing............10 Cheese—seefs......... 4 Blossom—pleasant..... 9 Afraid—shraid........ 3
CASE No. 3606.—F.W. Neologisms; some particles; many unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.
Table—pleasure....... 9 Dark—air.............19 Music—walking........19 Sickness—gloves......19 Man—fields...........19 Deep—courtesy........19 Soft—spoons..........19 Eating—oranges....... Mountain—ice.........17 House—paintings...... 2 Black—blue........... Mutton—hemisphere....19 Comfort—flowers......19 Hand—sawdust.........19 Short—peanuts........19 Fruit—autoharp.......19 Butterfly—disease....19 Smooth—ice........... Command—botheration..19 Chair—tea............19 Sweet—arrangement....19 Whistle—steadfast....19 Woman—flowers........15 Cold—grandeur........19 Slow—present.........19 Wish—mania...........19 River—courtesy.......15 White—ink............17 Beautiful—flowers.... Window—air........... Rough—enjoyment......19 Citizen—queer........19 Foot—hatred..........19 Spider—carousy....... 4 Needle—pleasant...... 9 Red—permit...........19 Sleep—indeed.........12 Anger—benevolence....19 Carpet—disorder......19 Girl—caterer.........19 High—aside...........10 Working—among........12 Sour—destroy.........19 Earth—confusion......19 Trouble—frivolous....19 Soldier—air..........15 Cabbage—temptation...19 Hard—among...........12 Eagle—quality........19 Stomach—debasteaur... 4 Stem—counteract......19 Lamp—testament.......19 Dream—connexus....... 4 Yellow—division......19 Bread—atherey........ 4 Justice—anger........19 Boy—quality..........15 Light—among..........12 Health—frivolous.....15 Bible—permit.........15 Memory—usual.........19 Sheep—astray......... Bath—conscientious...19 Cottage—texalous..... 4 Swift—patience.......19 Blue—community.......19 Hungry—confusion.....15 Priest—second........19 Ocean—apology........19 Head—trinity.........19 Stove—compartment....19 Long—terminal........19 Religion—abundant....19 Whiskey—approvement.. 4 Child—anger..........15 Bitter—courageous....19 Hammer—correction....19 Thirsty—afterwards...12 City—cataract........19 Square—plenty........19 Butter—accost........19 Doctor—southern......19 Loud—triangular......19 Thief—cannery........19 Lion—practice........19 Joy—summons..........19 Bed—avron............ 4 Heavy—olenthegolis... 4 Tobacco—abundant.....15 Baby—parenthus....... 4 Moon—otherwise.......12 Scissors—cartridge...19 Quiet—outside........12 Green—abounty........ 4 Salt—calonry......... 4 Street—abyss.........19 King—cavenry......... 4 Cheese—perplex.......19 Blossom—cartridge....15 Afraid—stubborn......19
EPILEPSY.
Most of the cases of epilepsy in our collection show advanced dementia and in some the clinical history would indicate also original mental inferiority, that is to say, imbecility or feeble-mindedness.
In these cases the dominant characteristic, so far as shown in the test records, seems to be a narrowing of the mental horizon manifested firstly by a tendency to repeat many times one or another word, and secondly by an abnormally pronounced tendency to make use of non-specific reactions or particles of speech. Occasionally other abnormalities are noted, such as perseveration or distraction.
We submit here copies of some test records.
CASE No. 5410.—W.T.K. Repetition of words previously given; nonspecific reactions.
Table—article........ 1 Dark—light........... Music—tone........... Sickness—ill......... Man—person........... 1 Deep—distant......... 2 Soft—condition....... 6 Eating—chew.......... Mountain—high........ House—abode.......... Black—color.......... Mutton—meat.......... Comfort—peace........ Hand—limb............ Short—distance....... Fruit—result......... Butterfly—animal..... Smooth—plain......... Command—order........ Chair—seat........... Sweet—pleasant....... 1 Whistle—sound........ Woman—female......... Cold—chilly.......... Slow—pace............ Wish—desire.......... River—body........... White—clear.......... Beautiful—grand...... Window—place.........13 Rough—unsmooth....... 4 Citizen—member....... Foot—member.......... Spider—animal........ Needle—article....... 1 Bed—color............ Sleep—rest........... Anger—condition...... 6 Carpet—covering...... Girl—female.......... High—distance........ Working—occupation... Sour—condition....... 6 Earth—planet......... Trouble—condition.... 6 Soldier—member....... 6 Cabbage—vegetable.... Hard—condition....... 6 Eagle—animal......... Stomach—member....... Stem—branch.......... Lamp—article......... 1 Dream—thinking....... 1 Yellow—shade......... Bread—article........ 6 Justice—position.....19 Boy—male............. Light—clear.......... Health—condition..... Bible—book........... Memory—condition..... 6 Sheep—animal......... Bath—position........15 Cottage—house........ Swift—fast........... Blue—color........... Hungry—condition..... 6 Priest—office........ Ocean—body........... Head—member.......... Stove—article........ 1 Long—distance........ Religion—profession.. Whiskey—liquid....... Child—person......... 1 Bitter—condition..... 6 Hammer—article....... 1 Thirsty—condition.... 6 City—place........... Square—honest........ Butter—article....... 6 Doctor—profession.... Loud—sound........... Thief—position.......15 Lion—animal.......... Joy—pleasant......... 1 Bed—article.......... 6 Heavy—weight......... Tobacco—plant........ Baby—person.......... 1 Moon—planet.......... Scissors—article..... 1 Quiet—peaceful....... Green—shade.......... Salt—article......... 1 Street—place......... King—ruler........... Cheese—article....... 6 Blossom—plant........ Afraid—fear..........
CASE No. 2208.—J.A. Repetition of words previously given; non-specific reactions.
Table—wood........... Dark—chairs..........13 Music—wood...........14 Sickness—dropsy......17 Man—body............. Deep—well............ Soft—lady............19 Eating—man........... 6 Mountain—hills....... House—barns.......... 2 Black—horse.......... Mutton—sheep......... Comfort—poison.......19 Hand—man............. 1 Short—people......... 1 Fruit—trees.......... Butterfly—tree....... Smooth—people........ 6 Command—general...... Chair—hands..........16 Sweet—fruit.......... Whistle—man.......... 1 Woman—people......... 1 Cold—ice............. Slow—people.......... 6 Wish—dead............19 River—lakes.......... White—foam...........17 Beautiful—man........ 1 Window—glass......... Rough—people......... 6 Citizen—man.......... 1 Foot—people.......... 6 Spider—barn..........15 Needle—clothes....... Red—blood............ Sleep—bed............ Anger—angry.......... Carpet—stores........19 Girl—ladies.......... 2 High—mountain........ Working—people....... 6 Sour—fruit........... Earth—clay........... Trouble—bad.......... 1 Soldier—man.......... 1 Cabbage—field........ Hard—case............19 Eagle—bird........... Stomach—man.......... 1 Stem—pipe............ Lamp—fire............ Dream—bad............ 1 Yellow—chair.........15 Bread—rye............ Justice—right........ Boy—bad.............. 1 Light—ship...........19 Health—pig...........19 Bible—man............ 6 Memory—mind.......... Sheep—mutton......... Bath—water........... Cottage—house........ Swift—ship...........15 Blue—lines...........17 Hungry—people........ 6 Priest—man........... 1 Ocean—deep........... Head—bad............. 9 Stove—wood........... Long—trees........... 2 Religion—form........19 Whiskey—apples.......17 Child—people......... 1 Bitter—apples........ Hammer—axe........... Thirsty—drink........ City—towns...........
Square—measurement... Butter—cows.......... Doctor—person........ 1 Loud—people.......... 1 Thief—person......... 1 Lion—animal.......... Joy—person........... 9 Bed—man.............. 6 Heavy—mountain....... Tobacco—growing...... Baby—person.......... 1 Moon—people.......... 6 Scissors—cutting..... Quiet—mind........... Green—cloud..........19 Salt—planting........13 Street—walk.......... King—human...........19 Cheese—milk.......... Blossom—flowers...... Afraid—human.........15
CASE No. 01218.—E.M. Repetition of words previously given; non-specific reactions.
Table—tablecloth..... Dark—dog............. Music—figure.........17 Sickness—drink.......17 Man—people........... 1 Deep—pull............19 Soft—light........... Eating—think......... 1 Mountain—well........13 House—plumber........17 Black—horse.......... Mutton—park..........19 Comfort—nice......... 1 Hand—use............. 1 Short—long........... Fruit—figs........... Butterfly—cloth......19 Smooth—nice.......... 1 Command—pleasant..... 6 Chair—wash...........19 Sweet—sour........... Whistle—mug..........19 Woman—pear...........19 Cold—warm............ Slow—quickness....... Wish—nice............ 1 River—pleasant....... 1 White—use............ 6 Beautiful—comfort....19 Window—looks......... 2 Rough—pleasant....... 6 Citizen—comfort......15 Foot—help............ Spider—wake..........19 Needle—use........... 1 Red—look.............15 Sleep—good........... 1 Anger—no.............12 Carpet—make..........19 Girl—happy........... 9 High—nice............ 6 Working—pleasant..... 1 Sour—bag.............19 Earth—ground......... Trouble—good......... 6 Soldier—clothes...... Cabbage—eat.......... Hard—good............ 1 Eagle—pleasant....... 6 Stomach—hurt......... Stem—use............. 1 Lamp—lighted......... Dream—pleasant....... 1 Yellow—wake..........15 Bread—making......... Justice—help......... Boy—pleasant......... 6 Light—big............19 Health—nice.......... 6 Bible—use............ 1 Memory—no............12 Sheep—pleasant....... 1 Bath—good............ 6 Cottage—useful....... Swift—quick.......... Blue—good............ 1 Hungry—sour..........15 Priest—good.......... 1 Ocean—useful......... 6 Head—nice............ 6 Stove—lighted........ 2 Long—lake............19 Religion—pleasant.... 6 Whiskey—use.......... 6 Child—help........... 6 Bitter—sour.......... Hammer—stick.........19 Thirsty—drink........ City—handy...........19 Square—pleasant...... 6 Butter—useful........ 1 Doctor—help.......... Loud—make............15 Thief—punish......... 2 Lion—bad............. 9 Joy—happy............ 1 Bed—pleasant......... 1 Heavy—light.......... Tobacco—pleasant..... 1 Baby—help............ 6 Moon—sun............. Scissors—pleasant.... 6 Quiet—sleep.......... Green—beans..........10 Salt—handy...........15 Street—make..........15 King—nice............ 6 Cheese—good.......... 1 Blossom—pleasant..... 1 Afraid—will..........19
CASE No. 4989.—C.H. Repetition of words previously given; non-specific reactions; particles.
Table—work........... 1 Dark—true............19 Music—pleasant....... 1 Sickness—well........ Man—absent...........19 Deep—together........12 Soft—plenty.......... 6 Eating—good.......... 1 Mountain—together....12 House—one............12 Black—America........19 Mutton—vegetable..... 2 Comfort—sleep........ Hand—nothing.........19 Short—never..........12 Fruit—vegetable...... Butterfly—bird....... Smooth—large......... 9 Command—willing...... Chair—good........... 6 Sweet—always......... 6 Whistle—music........ Woman—one............12 Cold—medium.......... 6 Slow—quick........... Wish—hope............ River—lake........... White—always......... 6 Beautiful—medium..... 6 Window—open.......... Rough—smooth......... Citizen—American..... Foot—two............. Spider—butterfly..... Needle—steel......... Red—color............ Sleep—plenty......... Anger—never.......... Carpet—floor......... Girl—five............12 High—medium.......... Working—always....... Sour—never........... 6 Earth—cultivate......17 Trouble—none......... Soldier—willing......15 Cabbage—vegetable.... Hard—seldom..........12 Eagle—American....... Stomach—no...........12 Stem—one.............12 Lamp—burning......... Dream—always......... 6 Yellow—sometimes.....12 Bread—soft........... Justice—always....... Boy—two..............12 Light—plenty......... Health—plenty........ Bible—Catholic.......17 Memory—good.......... 1 Sheep—wool........... Bath—good............ 1 Cottage—plenty....... 6 Swift—medium......... 6 Blue—never........... 6 Hungry—seldom........ 6 Priest—good.......... 1 Ocean—three..........12 Head—good............ 1 Stove—burning........ Long—medium.......... Religion—willing.....15 Whiskey—some.........19 Child—good........... 1 Bitter—never......... 6 Hammer—tool.......... Thirsty—seldom....... 6 City—New York........ Square—always........ 6 Better—good.......... 1 Doctor—good.......... 1 Loud—medium.......... 6 Thief—none........... Lion—animal.......... Joy—plenty........... 6 Bed—good............. 1 Heavy—medium......... 6 Tobacco—yes..........12 Baby—more............19 Moon—bright.......... Scissors—sharp....... Quiet—plenty......... 6 Green—good........... 6 Salt—little..........19 Street—lots..........18 King—none............ Cheese—seldom........ 6 Blossom—always....... 6 Afraid—sometimes.....15
CASE No. 4847.—C.C. Distraction
Table—eat............ Dark—lock............10 Music—fiddle......... Sickness—doctors..... 2 Man—woman............ 1 Deep—water........... Soft—snow............ Eating—oats..........17 Mountain—spray.......19 House—building....... Black—red............15 Mutton—meat.......... 9 Comfort—red..........15 Hand—people.......... 9 Short—world..........19 Fruit—age............18 Butterfly—bird....... Smooth—eggs..........18 Command—cake.........19 Chair—world..........15 Sweet—cherries....... Whistle—peaches......18 Woman—children....... Cold—summer..........17 Slow—brother.........19 Wish—pear............19 River—orange.........18 White—black.......... Beautiful—red........13 Window—door.......... Rough—table.......... Citizen—couch........19 Foot—arm............. Spider—fly........... Needle—scissors......17 Red—blue............. Sleep—pink...........13 Anger—box............19 Carpet—rug........... Girl—boy............. High—play............ Working—cup..........19 Sour—bread...........17 Earth—picture........19 Trouble—soap.........19 Soldier—towel........18 Cabbage—turnip....... Hard—tree............ Eagle—clock..........19 Stomach—eat.......... Stem—soap............15 Lamp—oil............. Dream—glass..........13
Yellow—bottle........18 Bread—soap...........15 Justice—pencil.......19 Boy—picture..........15 Light—darkness....... Health—washstand.....19 Bible—book........... Memory—saucer........19 Sheep—chair..........19 Bath—bureau..........14
Cottage—pan..........19 Swift—towel..........15 Blue—wash............ 2 Hungry—eat........... Priest—church........ Ocean—beans..........19 Head—prunes..........18 Stove—cook........... Long—fig.............19 Religion—church...... Whiskey—tea..........17 Child—people......... 1 Bitter—stomach.......19 Hammer—tack.......... Thirsty—peach........15 City—box.............15 Square—soap..........15 Butter—lard.......... Doctor—sick.......... Loud—head............19 Thief—cup............15 Lion—bottle..........15 Joy—pitcher..........19 Bed—sheet............ Heavy—blanket........13 Tobacco—mustard......19 Baby—pepper..........18 Moon—heater..........19 Scissors—string...... Quiet—lace...........19 Green—red............ Salt—soda............17 Street—soldier.......19 King—box.............15 Cheese—cake.......... Blossom—shell........19 Afraid—blotter.......19
CASE No. 3597.—L.T. Some neologisms, all possessing obvious meaning.
Table—stand.......... Dark—light........... Music—instrument..... Sickness—health...... Man—female........... Deep—detableness..... 4 Soft—hard............ Eating—starving...... Mountain—isthmus.....17 House—building....... Black—white.......... Mutton—beef.......... Comfort—patient...... Hand—leg............. Short—long........... Fruit—vegetable...... Butterfly—spider..... Smooth—coarse........ Command—thought...... 1 Chair—utensil........19 Sweet—sour........... Whistle—trumpet...... Woman—man............ 1 Cold—warm............ Slow—quick........... Wish—command......... River—lake........... White—black.......... Beautiful—pretty..... 1 Window—door.......... Rough—straight....... Citizen—tramp........19 Foot—arm............. Spider—fly........... Needle—pin........... Red—blue............. Sleep—awake.......... Anger—patient........ 2 Carpet—rug........... Girl—servant......... High—low............. Working—laziness..... Sour—sweet........... Earth—hemisphere..... Trouble—goodness..... 9 Soldier—merchant.....17 Cabbage—pumpkin......17 Hard—tight........... Eagle—hawk........... Stomach—abdomen...... Stem—leaf............ Lamp—lantern......... Dream—nightmare...... Yellow—lavender......17 Bread—pastry......... Justice—badness...... 2 Boy—child............ Light—darkness....... Health—sickness...... Bible—testament...... Memory—remember...... Sheep—lamb........... Bath—dirtiness....... 2 Cottage—building..... Swift—quickly........ Blue—redness......... 2 Hungry—starving...... Priest—minister...... Ocean—sea............ Head—topness......... 4 Stove—cooking........ Long—shorter......... 2 Religion—wickedness.. Whiskey—medicine..... Child—daughter....... Bitter—sweetness..... 2 Hammer—pickaxe.......17 Thirsty—drinkness.... 4 City—village......... Square—strightness... 2 Butter—syrup.........17 Doctor—queen.........19 Loud—low............. Thief—burglar........ Lion—tiger........... Joy—enjoyable........ 2 Bed—bedstead......... Heavy—lightness...... Tobacco—sweetness.... 2 Baby—infant.......... Moon—sun............. Scissors—shears...... Quite—noiseness...... 4 Green—greenbill...... 3 Salt—sugar........... Street—island........19 King—nephew..........19 Cheese—curdness...... 4 Blossom—bud.......... Afraid—knowledgeable. 4
GENERAL PARESIS.
Cases presenting no considerable dementia or confusion and cases in a state of remission are apt to give normal test records. As we proceed from the records of such cases to those of cases showing mental deterioration we observe a gradual reduction in the values of reactions, contraction of the mental horizon,[1] and the appearance of the phenomenon of perseveration. We submit the following test records for illustration:
[Footnote 1: What we mean by contraction of the mental horizon has already been described in connection with epilepsy, page 47.]
CASE No. 4047.—C.A.F. Almost complete remission of all mental symptoms. Normal record.
Table—dish........... Dark—light........... Music—sound.......... Sickness—disease..... Man—woman............ 1 Deep—fathomless...... Soft—sweet........... Eating—food.......... Mountain—high........ House—barn........... Black—color.......... Mutton—meat.......... Comfort—ease......... Hand—foot............ Short—long........... Fruit—sweet.......... Butterfly—moth....... Smooth—rough......... Command—order........ Chair—leg............ Sweet—pleasant....... 1 Whistle—sound........ Woman—female......... Cold—ice............. Slow—languid.........17 Wish—desire.......... River—long........... White—color.......... Beautiful—fair....... Window—glass......... Rough—smooth......... Citizen—voter........ Foot—toe............. Spider—fly........... Needle—sharp......... Red—color............ Sleep—slumber........ Anger—rage........... Carpet—sweep......... Girl—maiden.......... High—lofty........... Working—toiling...... Sour—distasteful..... Earth—ground......... Trouble—sorrow....... Soldier—fighter...... Cabbage—leaf......... Hard—easy............ Eagle—fly............ Stomach—food......... Stem—petal........... Lamp—light........... Dream—slumber........ Yellow—color......... Bread—eat............ Justice—judgment..... Boy—youth............ Light—lamp........... Health—nature........17 Bible—holy........... Memory—remember...... Sheep—lamb........... Bath—water........... Cottage—house........ Swift—fast........... Blue—color........... Hungry—famished...... Priest—holy.......... Ocean—sea............ Head—top............. Stove—fire........... Long—short........... Religion—holy........ Whiskey—drink........ Child—infant......... Bitter—sour.......... Hammer—knock......... Thirsty—drink........ City—town............ Square—round......... Butter—eat........... Doctor—physician..... Loud—knock........... Thief—steal.......... Lion—tiger........... Joy—happiness........ 1 Bed—sleep............ Heavy—weigh.......... Tobacco—smoke........ Baby—child........... Moon—stars........... Scissors—cut......... Quiet—soft........... Green—color.......... Salt—food............ Street—lane.......... King—queen........... Cheese—eat........... Blossom—flower....... Afraid—fear..........
CASE No. 6660.—F.F. Repetition of words previously given; non-specific reactions; unclassified reactions some of which are "circumstantial" (see page 25).
Table—bureau.........19 Dark—boats........... 2 Music—piano.......... Sickness—doctor...... Man—sober............19 Deep—cellar.......... Soft—easy............ Eating—chewing....... Mountain—climb....... House—tenants........ 2 Black—color.......... Mutton—meat.......... Comfort—easy......... Hand—use............. 1 Short—stump.......... 2 Fruit—nice........... 1 Butterfly—like....... 6 Smooth—clean......... Command—faithful.....17 Chair—easy........... Sweet—like........... 6 Whistle—good......... 6 Woman—like........... 6 Cold—medicine........ Slow—I...............12 Wish—like............ River—boats.......... White—sheet.......... Beautiful—flowers.... Window—red...........14 Rough—streets........ 2 Citizen—honest....... Foot—walking......... Spider—kill..........10 Needle—sew........... Red—nice............. 6 Sleep—rest........... Anger—cross.......... Carpet—good.......... 6 Girl—nice............ 1 High—good............ 1 Working—well.........19 Sour—bitter.......... Earth—property.......19 Trouble—fighting..... Soldier—good......... 1 Cabbage—eat.......... Hard—sorry...........19 Eagle—good........... 6 Stomach—good......... 1 Stem—fair............19 Lamp—use............. 1 Dream—now............12 Yellow—color......... Bread—good........... 1 Justice—fine......... 1 Boy—good............. 1 Light—good........... 1 Health—right.........19 Bible—home........... Memory—good.......... 1 Sheep—like........... 6 Bath—good............ 1 Cottage—fine......... 1 Swift—go............. Blue—nice............ 6 Hungry—bad........... 1 Priest—Father........ Ocean—boats.......... Head—brains.......... Stove—heat........... Long—streets......... Religion—Catholic.... Whiskey—bad.......... 1 Child—good........... 1 Bitter—sorrow........ Hammer—use........... 1 Thirsty—drink........ City—Brooklyn........ Squares—park......... 2 Butter—ice...........19 Doctor—cure.......... Loud—holler.......... Thief—no............. 2 Lion—no.............. 6 Joy—hope............. Bed—rest............. Heavy—loud........... Tobacco—good......... 1 Baby—good............ 1 Moon—light........... Scissors—use......... 1 Quiet—good........... 1 Green—nice........... 6 Salt—use............. 1 Street—nice.......... 1 King—right...........19 Cheese—nice.......... 1 Blossom—grow......... Afraid—no............
CASE No. 618.—R.N. Numerous particles of speech; some unclassified reaction, chiefly "circumstantial" (see page 25).
Table—eat............ Dark—cloudy.......... Music—fond...........19 Sickness—well........ Man—human............ Deep—ocean........... Soft—fine............ 1 Eating—yes........... 6 Mountain—yes......... 5 House—yes............ 5 Black—yes............ 5 Mutton—yes........... 5 Comfort—yes.......... 5 Hand—finger.......... Short—yes............ 6 Fruit—yes............ 5 Butterfly—yes........ 5 Smooth—even.......... Command—obey......... Chair—settle.........17 Sweet—bitter......... Whistle—can't........19 Woman—lady........... Cold—ice............. Slow—fast............ Wish—give............ River—enjoyment......19 White—black.......... Beautiful—yes........ 6 Window—pane.......... Rough—smooth......... Citizen—yes.......... 6 Foot—one.............12 Spider—yes........... 6 Needle—sewing........ Red—blue............. Sleep—nap............17 Anger—willing........19 Carpet—yes........... 6 Girl—nature..........19 High—low............. Working—artist.......17 Sour—sweet........... Earth—world.......... Trouble—peaceful.....
Soldier—no...........12 Cabbage—vegetable.... Hard—soft............ Eagle—American....... Stomach—condition.... Stem—post............17 Lamp—light........... Dream—thinking....... 1 Yellow—green......... Bread—loaf........... Justice—yes.......... Boy—human............ Light—heaven......... Health—wealth........ Bible—yes............ 6 Memory—yes........... 5 Sheep—animal......... Bath—yes............. 6 Cottage—yes.......... 5 Swift—fast........... Blue—gray............ Hungry—no............ Priest—yes........... 6 Ocean—water.......... Head—human........... Stove—coal........... Long—short........... Religion—yes......... 6 Whiskey—no...........12 Child—baby........... Bitter—sweet......... Hammer—pincher.......17 Thirsty—drinking..... City—population...... Square—circle........ Butter—lard.......... Doctor—physician..... Loud—low............. Thief—penalty........17 Lion—liar............10 Joy—welcome..........17 Bed—sleep............ Heavy—light.......... Tobacco—yes.......... 6 Baby—human........... Moon—natural.........15 Scissors—no..........12 Quiet—yes............ 6 Green—shade.......... Salt—eat............. Street—town.......... King—ruler........... Cheese—eat........... Blossom—blooming..... Afraid—scared........
CASE No. 6518.—C.Z. Perseveration shown by numerous instances of association to preceding reaction.
Table—horse..........19 Dark—wren............10 Music—lark...........18 Sickness—cold........ Man—woman............ 1 Deep—sea............. Soft—hard............ Eating—drinking...... Mountain—fountain.... House—barn........... Black—stable.........13 Mutton—cow........... Comfort—horse........18 Hand—lamb............ Short—calf........... Fruit—apples......... Butterfly—oranges.... 2 Smooth—peaches.......18 Command—plums........18 Chair—bench.......... sweet—sugar.......... Whistle—drum.........17 Woman—man............ 1 Cold—hot............. Slow—fast............ Wish—who.............12 River—water.......... White—blue........... Beautiful—splendid... Window—sashes........ 2 Rough—ready.......... Citizen—Brooklyn..... Foot—shoe............ Spider—web........... Needle—pin........... Red—blue............. Sleep—awake.......... Anger—bad............ 1 Carpet—sweeper....... Girl—boy............. High—low............. Working—playing...... Sour—sweet........... Earth—ground......... Trouble—wheelbarrow..19 Soldier—Mexican......17 Cabbage—potatoes..... Hard—beets...........18 Eagle—carrots........18 Stomach—peas.........18 Stem—peas............ 5 Lamp—burning......... Dream—happy.......... 1 Yellow—blue.......... Bread—green..........12 Justice—freedom...... Boy—girl............. Light—burning........ Health—strength...... Bible—prayerbook..... Memory—thoughts...... 1 Sheep—lamb........... Bath—water........... Cottage—house........ Swift—whist..........10 Blue—red............. Hungry—eating........ Priest—Father........ Ocean—mother.........18 Head—brother.........18 Stove—sister.........18 Long—freedom.........15 Religion—smart.......19 Whiskey—wine......... Child—lamb...........19 Bitter—goat..........18 Hammer—nails......... Thirsty—dry.......... City—talking.........19 Square—inches........ Butter—cheese........ Doctor—bread.........13 Loud—oranges.........15 Thief—almonds........18 Lion—apples..........18 Joy—grapes...........18 Bed—peaches..........18 Heavy—cranberries....18 Tobacco—grapes.......18 Baby—watermelon......18 Moon—muskmelons......18 Scissors—citrons.....10 Quiet—squashes.......18 Green—pumpkins.......18 Salt—cucumbers.......18 Street—tomatoes......18 Kings—pears..........18 Cheese—apples........18 Blossom—cherries..... Afraid—gooseberries..18
CASE No. 5329.—B.W. Perseveration; record almost entirely made up of instances of association to preceding reaction.
Table—San Francisco...19 Dark—comprehensible...19 Music—sinking......... Sickness—Brooklyn.....19 Man—woman............. 1 Deep—amazing..........19 Soft—pleasant......... 9 Eating—digesting...... Mountain—gulf.........17 House—peninsula.......18 Black—Constantinople..18 Mutton—Bermuda........18 Comfort—Los Angeles...18 Hand—Cuba.............18 Short—cities..........18 Fruit—Iowa............18 Butterfly—England.....18 Smooth—Russia.........18 Command—Turkey........18 Chair—Manila..........18 Sweet—Porto Rico......18 Whistle—Washington....18 Woman—Cincinnati......18 Cold—Pittsburg........18 Slow—Philadelphia..... Wish—Milwaukee........18 River—St. Louis.......18 White—Japan...........18 Beautiful—China.......18 Window—Berlin.........18 Rough—Glasgow.........18 Citizen—London........18 Foot—Dublin...........18 Spider—Sacramento.....18 Needle—Texas..........18 Red—North Carolina....18 Sleep—Florida.........18 Anger—Seattle.........18 Carpet—Nevada.........18 Girl—Iowa.............15 High—Virginia.........18 Working—Louisiana.....18 Sour—Hawaii...........18 Earth—Connecticut.....18 Trouble—Rhode Island..18 Soldier—Vermont.......18 Cabbage—Massachusetts.18 Hard—Hudson...........18 Eagle—East River......18 Stomach—Staten Island.18 Stem—Kings Park.......18 Lamp—Fort Lee.........18 Dream—Long Island.....18 Yellow—Greenport......18 Bread—Southold........18 Justice—Northport.....18 Boy—New Jersey........18 Light—Rome............18 Health—Italy..........18 Bible—Episcopal.......17 Memory—Methodist......18 Sheep—Congregational..18 Bath—Baptist..........18 Cottage—minister......18 Swift—physician.......18 Blue—horse............18 Hungry—cow............18 Priest—Catholics....... Ocean—lake............. Head—bay...............13 Stove—sound............18 Long—Island............ Religion—Boston........18 Whiskey—Harvard........18 Child—Yale.............18 Bitter—Columbia........18 Hammer—library.........18 Thirsty—Carnegie.......18 City—Rockefeller.......18 Square—Harriman........18 Butter—Leggitt.........18 Doctor—Lincoln.........18 Loud—Roosevelt.........18 Thief—Taft.............18 Lion—Gaynor............18 Joy—Slocum.............18 Bed—Grant..............18 Heavy—McClellan........18 Tobacco—Spain..........19 Baby—New London........18 Moon—Newburgh..........18 Scissors—Troy..........18 Quiet—Schenectady......18 Green—Lake George......18 Salt—Vienna............18 Street—Alsace Lorraine.18 King—Garfield..........17 Cheese—McKinley........18 Blossom—Bryan..........18 Afraid—Blaine..........18
MANIC-DEPRESSIVE INSANITY.
In this disorder the departures from the normal seem to be less pronounced than in the psychoses considered above. The number of individual reactions is in most cases not greatly above the normal average; and, so far as their character is concerned, we find that many of them are classed as normal, in accordance with the appendix to the frequency tables; among the unclassified reactions, which are quite frequent here, we find mostly either obviously normal ones, or some of the type to which we have already referred as "far-fetched," while others among them are "circumstantial" (see p. 25); further we find that most of the remaining individual reactions fall into the general group of partial dissociation: non-specific reactions, sound reactions, word complements, and particles.
In some cases the only abnormality that is found is that of an undue tendency to respond by non-specific reactions, most of them being common and there being no excessive number of individual reactions. It would seem legitimate to assume that this tendency is here to be regarded as a manifestation of the phenomenon which is clinically described as dearth of ideas. It is significant that this tendency is observed not only in depressive phases of the psychosis, but also in manic phases and even in the normal intervals of recurrent cases or after apparent recovery in acute cases; this will be seen from some of the test records which are here reproduced.
Occasionally cases are met with which give a large number of unclassified reactions, seemingly incoherent. There can be no doubt that at least some of these cases are clinically perfectly typical ones of manic-depressive insanity, yet the test records strongly resemble, in some respects, those of dementia praecox.
Since clinically the distinction between typical cases of these psychoses can be so clearly made on the basis of the disorders of the flow of thought respectively characterizing them, it could hardly be assumed that the associational disturbances in these two groups of cases are truly related, although there may be an apparent resemblance; it must be acknowledged that we are here confronted with one of the most serious shortcomings of the association test, or at least of the present method of applying it.
CASE No. 5236.—M.B. Depressive attack. Normal record.
Table—eat............ Dark—night........... Music—play........... Sickness—death....... Man—health...........13 Deep—depth........... Soft—hard............ Eating—chewing....... Mountain—high........ House—living......... Black—color.......... Mutton—sheep......... Comfort—kind......... 2 Hand—body............ Short—small.......... 1 Fruit—garden......... Butterfly—spring..... Smooth—rough......... Command—obey......... Chair—sit............ Sweet—apple.......... Whistle—music........ Woman—land........... Cold—chilly.......... Slow—easy............ Wish—want............ River—water.......... White—color.......... Beautiful—grand...... Window—light......... Rough—smooth......... Citizen—man.......... 1 Foot—body............ Spider—animal........ Needle—sew........... Red—color............ Sleep—rest........... Anger—badness........ 2 Carpet—floor......... Girl—young........... High—low............. Working—busy......... Sour—sweet........... Earth—live........... Trouble—grief........ Soldier—army......... Cabbage—garden....... Hard—stone........... Eagle—bird........... Stomach—body......... Stem—plant........... Lamp—light........... Dream—sleep.......... Yellow—color......... Bread—eat............ Justice—kind......... 2 Boy—young............ Light—day............ Health—strength...... Bible—Christ......... Memory—think......... 1 Sheep—mutton......... Bath—clean........... Cottage—live......... Swift—run............ Blue—color........... Hungry—food.......... Priest—clergy........ Ocean—water.......... Head—body............ Stove—fire........... Long—tall............ Religion—teaching.... Whiskey—drink........ Child—young.......... Bitter—sweet......... Hammer—nail.......... Thirsty—drink........ City—town............ Square—four.......... Butter—eat........... Doctor—medicine...... Loud—noise........... Thief—steal.......... Lion—beast........... Joy—kind............. 6 Bed—sleep............ Heavy—weight......... Tobacco—smoke........ Baby—mother.......... Moon—light........... Scissors—cut......... Quiet—kind........... 6 Green—grass.......... Salt—table........... Street—walk.......... King—government...... Cheese—eat........... Blossom—tree......... Afraid—coward........
CASE No. 6120.—M.L. Maniacal attack. Fifteen individual reactions, of which 11 are classed as normal in accordance with the appendix to the frequency tables.
Table—chair............ Dark—light............. Music—chorus...........17 Sickness—health........ Man—woman.............. 1 Deep—around............ Soft—light............. Eating—food............ Mountain—valley........ House—flat.............17 Black—white............ Mutton—beef............ Comfort—disease........ Hand—legs.............. Short—tall............. Fruit—grapes........... Butterfly—birds........ Smooth—rough...........
Command—president......17 Chair—assemblyman......18 Sweet—bitter........... Whistle—birds.......... Woman—man.............. 1 Cold—warm.............. Slow—fast.............. Wish—well.............. River—mountain......... White—red.............. Beautiful—heaven....... Window—door............ Rough—smooth........... Citizen—naturalization. Foot—hand.............. Spider—bug............. Needle—doctor..........19 Red—white.............. Sleep—well............. Anger—passion.......... Carpet—cloth........... Girl—boy............... High—low............... Working—pleasure....... 1 Sour—sweet............. Earth—heaven........... Trouble—anger.......... Soldier—mine...........12 Cabbage—steak..........17
Hard—soft.............. Eagle—parrot........... Stomach—pelvis.........17 Stem—flowers........... Lamp—light............. Dream—empty............17 Yellow—black........... Bread—brown............ Justice—done........... Boy—baby............... Light—heaven........... Health—wealth.......... Bible—love............. Memory—remembrance..... Sheep—goat............. Bath—water............. Cottage—house.......... Swift—slow............. Blue—green............. Hungry—I............... Priest—minister........ Ocean—sea.............. Head—neck.............. Stove—electricity......17 Long—broad............. Religion—Presbyterian.. Whiskey—medicinal...... 2 Child—boy.............. Bitter—sweet........... Hammer—saw............. Thirsty—water.......... City—Middletown........17 Square—Madison......... Butter—bread........... Doctor—love............15 Loud—soft.............. Thief—burglar.......... Lion—animal............ Joy—ecstasy............ Bed—couch.............. Heavy—lead............. Tobacco—smoke.......... Baby—boy............... Moon—stars............. Scissors—cotton........17 Quiet—noisy............ Green—yellow........... Salt—pepper............ Street—Dean............17 King—God...............17 Cheese—Roquefort....... Blossom—apple.......... Afraid—never...........
CASE No. 6367.—J.N. Depressive attack. Only two individual reactions, both classed as normal; undue tendency to give non-specific reactions.
Table—cup............17 Dark—light........... Music—song........... Sickness—pain........ Man—child............ Deep—high............ Soft—hard............ Eating—tasting....... Mountain—valley...... House—room........... Black—white.......... Mutton—lamb.......... Comfort—peace........ Hand—foot............ Short—long........... Fruit—apple.......... Butterfly—moth....... Smooth—rough......... Command—obey......... Chair—table.......... Sweet—sour........... Whistle—song......... Woman—love........... Cold—warm............ Slow—fast............ Wish—well............ River—water.......... White—black.......... Beautiful—grand...... Window—glass......... Rough—smooth......... Citizen—man.......... 1 Foot—hand............ Spider—fly........... Needle—thread........ Red—blue............. Sleep—rest........... Anger—passion........ Carpet—rug........... Girl—child........... High—low............. Working—labor........ Sour—sweet........... Earth—ground......... Trouble—overcome.....17 Soldier—brave........ Cabbage—lettuce...... Hard—soft............ Eagle—bird........... Stomach—heart........ Stem—tree............ Lamp—light........... Dream—sleep.......... Yellow—red........... Bread—roll........... Justice—peace........ Boy—child............ Light—sun............ Health—wealth........ Bible—good........... 1 Memory—good.......... 1 Sheep—lamb........... Bath—water........... Cottage—house........ Swift—fast........... Blue—white........... Hungry—eat........... Priest—man........... 1 Ocean—water.......... Head—arm............. Stove—warm........... Long—short........... Religion—good........ 1 Whiskey—none......... Child—good........... 1 Bitter—sour.......... Hammer—noise......... Thirsty—water........ City—country......... Square—round......... Butter—salt.......... Doctor—good.......... 1 Loud—noise........... Thief—man............ 1 Lion—beast........... Joy—good............. 1 Bed—good............. 1 Heavy—weight......... Tobacco—smoke........ Baby—child........... Moon—sun............. Scissors—knife....... Quiet—rest........... Green—red............ Salt—water........... Street—city.......... King—man............. 1 Cheese—butter........ Blossom—flower....... Afraid—fear..........
CASE No. 5162.—W.H. Recurrent attacks, mixed in character; at time of test patient was in a normal interval. 5 individual reactions, of which 1 is classed as normal, 1 as a derivative, 2 as non-specific, and 1 as a sound reaction; undue tendency to give non-specific (common) reactions.
Table—comfort........ Dark—darknew......... 8 Music—pleasure....... 1 Sickness—sorrow...... Map—manners..........10 Deep—thought......... 1 Soft—comfort......... Eating—pleasure...... 1 Mountain—height...... House—comfort........ Black—darkness....... Mutton—eating........ Comfort—pleasure..... 1 Hand—useful.......... 1 Short—stumpy......... Fruit—eating......... Butterfly—handsome... Smooth—plane......... Command—ordering..... Chair—easy........... Sweet—candy.......... Whistle—noise........ Woman—love........... Cold—freezing........ Slow—laziness........ Wish—good............ 1 River—water.......... White—clearness...... 2 Beautiful—handsome... Window—scene......... Rough—harshness...... Citizen—voting....... Foot—stepping........ Spider—poison........ Needle—sharpness..... Red—blood............ Sleep—comfort........ Anger—passion........ Carpet—walking....... Girl—lovely.......... High—height.......... Working—business..... Sour—tart............ Earth—planting....... Trouble—Sorrow....... Soldier—fighting..... Cabbage—eating....... Hard—harshness....... 2 Eagle—flying......... Stomach—eating....... Stem—vine............ Lamp—lighting........ 2 Dream—pleasure....... 1 Yellow—color......... Bread—eating......... Justice—suing........17 Boy—children......... Light—seeing......... Health—pleasure...... 1 Bible—thinking....... 9 Memory—recollections. Sheep—wool........... Bath—pleasure........ 1 Cottage—living....... Swift—quickness...... Blue—sky.............
Hungry—pleasure...... 9 Priest—holiness...... Ocean—sailing........ Head—thinking........ 1 Stove—warmth......... Long—length.......... Religion—holiness.... Whiskey—badness...... 2 Child—pleasure....... 1 Bitter—sourness...... Hammer—pounding...... Thirsty—drinking..... City—town............ Square—measure....... Butter—greasy........ Doctor—medicine...... Loud—hearing......... 2 Thief—stealing....... Lion—fierceness...... Joy—pleasure......... 1 Bed—sleeping......... Heavy—solid.......... Tobacco—pleasure..... 1 Baby—loveliness...... Moon—bright.......... Scissors—sharpness.... Quiet—pleasure....... 1 Green—color.......... Salt—taste........... Street—walking....... King—majestic......... Cheese—eating........ Blossom—handsome..... Afraid—fear..........
CASE No. 6279.—A.F. Maniacal attack; at time of test patient had improved, though not recovered. Non-specific reactions; particles. (Patient does not speak English with perfect fluency.)
Table—board.......... Dark—night........... Music—piano.......... Sickness—appendicitis Man—husband.......... Deep—hole............ Soft—hard............ Eating—vegetable..... Mountain—country..... House—comfort........ Black—cotton.........17 Mutton—lamb.......... Comfort—rest......... Hand—arm............. Short—Journey........ Fruit—apples......... Butterfly—love.......13 Smooth—nice.......... 1 Command—order........ Chair—down...........12 Sweet—sugar.......... Whistle—blow......... Woman—good........... 1 Cold—ice............. Slow—lazy............ Wish—home............ River—boat........... White—milk........... Beautiful—flowers.... Window—corner........ Rough—man............ 1 Citizen—not..........12 Foot—short........... Spider—don't.........12 Needle—steel......... Red—rose............. Sleep—well........... Anger—not............ Carpet—beauty........ 1 Girl—love............ High—reason..........19 Working—dress........19 Sour—vinegar......... Earth—ground......... Trouble—much......... Soldier—blue......... Cabbage—sour......... Hard—no..............12 Eagle—paper.......... Stomach—well.........17 Stem—flower.......... Lamp—light........... Dream—awful..........19 Yellow—flower........ Bread—rye............ Justice—court........ Boy—little........... Light—room........... Health—love..........15 Bible—no............. Memory—good.......... 1 Sheep—lot............19 Bath—cold............ Cottage—little....... swift—kick...........17 Blue—no..............12 Hungry—no............ Priest—love..........15 Ocean—Grove.......... Head—black........... Stove—shine..........19 Long—square.......... Religion—no.......... Whiskey—champagne....17 Child—my............. 2 Bitter—pepper........ Hammer—knock......... Thirsty—no...........12 City—New York........ Square—table......... Butter—good.......... 1 Doctor—S.............17 Loud—talk............ Thief—night.......... Lion—yes.............12 Joy—good............. 1 Bed—comfort.......... Heavy—Iron........... Tobacco—strong....... Baby—love............ Moon—shine........... Scissors—cut........ Quiet—well........... Green—bow............17 Salt—hitter.......... Street—Hinsdale......17 King—Franz Joseph....17 Cheese—Swiss......... Blossom—nice......... 1 Afraid—no............
CASE No. 4578.—E.M. Circular insanity of over twenty years' standing; at time of test patient was in a manic phase. Non-specific reactions; doubtful reactions; neologisms, all possessing obvious meaning.
Table—using.......... 1 Dark—unbright........ 4 Music—songs.......... Sickness—catching....17 Man—masculine........ Deep—high............ Soft—chew............19 Eating—sometimes.....12 Mountain—highlands... House—live........... Black—color.......... Mutton—meat.......... Comfort—easy......... Hand—body............ Short—unlongly....... 4 Fruit—plants......... Butterfly—insects.... Smooth—feeling....... Command—do........... Chair—use............ 1 Sweet—taste.......... Whistle—act.......... Woman—female......... Cold—acting.......... 2 Slow—gradually.......17 Wish—desire.......... River—water.......... White—color.......... Beautiful—niceness... 2 Window—built.........19 Rough—treatment......17 Citizen—country...... Foot—body............ Spider—insect........ Needle—article....... 1 Red—color............ Sleep—tiredness...... 4 Anger—scolding....... Carpet—article....... 1 Girl—female.......... High—low............. Working—do........... Sour—tasting......... Earth—surface........ Trouble—worriment.... Soldier—man.......... 1 Cabbage—vegetable.... Hard—difficult....... Eagle—bird........... Stomach—body......... Stem—article......... 6 Lamp—article......... 1 Dream—untruly........ 4 Yellow—color......... Bread—food........... Justice—unfairly..... 2 Boy—masculine........ Light—easy........... Health—sickness...... Bible—commandments... Memory—remember...... Sheep—animal......... Bath—cleanness....... Cottage—country...... Swift—quickly........ Blue—color........... Hungry—food.......... Priest—masculine.....15 Ocean—water.......... Head—body............ Stove—article........ 1 Long—shortly......... 2 Religion—Bible....... Whiskey—drinking..... Child—disremembering. 4 Bitter—taste......... Hammer—using......... 1 Thirsty—drinking..... City—acting..........15 Square—measuring..... 2 Butter—food.......... Doctor—helping....... 2 Loud—hearing......... 2 Thief—untrue.........15 Lion—animal.......... Joy—gladness......... Bed—lying............ Heavy—unlightly...... 4 Tobacco—using........ 1 Baby—borning......... 4 Moon—sending.........19 Scissors—using....... 1 Quiet—acting......... 2 Green—color.......... Salt—food............ Street—walking....... King—person.......... 1 Cheese—food.......... Blossom—plant........ Afraid—frightened.... |
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