%M%

McClellan, General George B., campaigns; presidential nominee. McCormick reaper. McDonough, Thomas. McDowell, General Irwin, campaigns. McKinley, William, president. McKinley Tariff Act. Macedonian. Macomb, General. Macon Bill. Madison, James, on the Constitution; Republican leader; favors Virginia Resolutions; president. Magellan. Mails, see Postal System. Maine, settled; part of Massachusetts Bay colony; admitted. Maine Law. Manassas Junction, battle of. Manhattan Island. Manila, battle of. Manufactures, in colonial times; about 1800; infant; in slave states; during Civil War; since Civil War. March to the Sea, Sherman's. Marcos, Fray. Marietta settled. Marion. Marquette. Marshall. Marshall, John. Martin, Luther. Mary, Queen, grants Massachusetts charter. Maryland, colonized; in colonial times. slavery in. Mason, Charles. Mason, James M. Mason, John. Mason and Dixon's Line. Massachusetts, Bay Company; religious intolerance in; Bay charter granted; in colonial times; opposes Stamp and Townshend Acts; Bill; cedes land to Congress. Matagorda Bay Matamoras, battle of Maximilian Mayflower Mayflower Compact Mayflower Log Maysville settled Meade, General Mechanical improvements Mechanicsville Memphis captured Mendoza Menendez Mercer Merrimac Mexico, becomes republic wars French in Miami Indians Michigan, a territory admitted Michilimackinac, trading post Middle Colonies, occupations, etc. Milan Decree Milford founded Military lands Mill Springs, battle of Mills, R. Q. Mills Tariff Bill Milwaukee, population in 1840 Minneapolis mills Minnesota Minnesota, slavery in a territory admitted Mint established Minute men Missionary Ridge, battle of Mississippi River, explored French forts built on right of navigation slavery west of campaign in Civil War Mississippi, a territory admitted secedes convention in opposed to Reconstruction Act again in the Union Missouri, admitted opposes Wilmot Proviso elects Kansas delegate slavery in Missouri Compromise Missouri River, gold discovered on Mobile, in colonial times captured Mobile Bay explored British in Mohawk Indians Mohegan Indians Molino del Rey, battle of Money, see Currency, Gold, and Silver. Monitor Monmouth, battle of Monroe, James, Republican leader treaty with England president Monroe Doctrine Montana, a territory admitted silver interests Montcalm, General Monterey, Cal., Fremont at Monterey, Mexico, battle of Montezuma Montgomery, Confederate capital Montgomery, Richard Montreal, attacked captured attacked in 1813 Moose Island captured Morgan, Daniel Morgan, William Mormons Morris, Robert Morris, Thomas Morristown, Washington at Morse, Samuel F.B. Morton, Dr. Morton, Levi P. Moultrie Mount Desert Island settled Mount Pleasant settled Mount Vernon. Washington's home Mugwumps Murfreesboro, battle of Murray, William Vans Muskhogee Indians Mutiny Act.

%N%

Nantucket Island captured Napoleon, consul of France issues decrees seizes American vessels loses power Napoleon, Louis, in Mexico Narragansett Indians Narvaez Nashville, settled evacuated battle of Nassau, blockade running Natchez, in colonial times captured claimed by Spaniards National Agricultural Wheel National Bank, First loses charter Second proposed Third National banks National Bimetallic League National debt, see Debt. National Democratic party National Labor Congress National Labor Reform party National notes, see Bonds National party National Pike National Prohibition Reform party National Republican party, see Republican. National Union party Native American party Naturalization law Naumkeag settled Nauvoo built Naval warfare, in Revolution in French War in War of 1812 in Civil War Navigation Acts Navy department Nebraska Bill Nebraska, struggle for admitted rapid growth Neutrality, Proclamation of policy Nevada, acquired territory and state silver interests New Albion New Amsterdam, founded becomes New York New England, early settlements occupations in colonies English victories in New England Emigrant Aid Society New France, extent of struggle for New Hampshire, settled in colonial times grants New Haven, colony in colonial times riot at New Jersey, settled in colonial times plan for Constitution New London, riot at burned New Mexico, Spanish explore conquered slavery in bought from Texas silver interests New Netherland, becomes New York New Orleans, founded in colonial times battle of captured "New Roof" New Sweden "New tenor" New York (state), New Netherland becomes in colonial times English in cedes land to Congress New York (city), convention in colonial times colonial congress at evacuated national capital the metropolis in 1830 labor congress at New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company Newark, founded riot at Newbern captured Newfoundland, granted to English fisheries Newport, Ky. settled Newport, R.I., settled riot at Newspapers, in colonial times in 1790 about 1810 Newtown settled Niagara Niagara, founded expedition against Nina Nipmuck Indians Nominating conventions Non-importation, agreements Act Non-intercourse Law Norfolk evacuated North, Lord North American party North Carolina, settled in colonial times cedes land to Congress secedes Sherman in readmitted North Castle North Dakota admitted Northern attitude toward slavery Northern Pacific Railroad Northwest, exploration of the new Northwest passage to India Northwest Territory, surrendered Indian troubles in slavery question in Notes, United States, see Bonds. Nova Scotia, part of Massachusetts Bay colony struggle for Nueces River Nullification doctrine.

%O%

Observer O'Conor, Charles Oglethorpe, James Ohio, Settled Admitted currency plan Ohio Land Company Ohio River, struggle for settlements on Oklahoma Old Demand notes Old Ironsides Olmsted, F. L. Omnibus Bill Omnibuses Oneida Indians Onondaga Indians Orders in Council of 1806 and 1807 Ordinance, how passed of 1785 of 1787 Oregon, settled joint occupation of boundaries of trail a territory slavery in Orleans Territory Ossawatomie settled Oswego burned Otis, James Overland stage Owen, Robert.

%P%

Pacific Fur Company Pacific Ocean, discovered named Pacific railroads, Pacific States settled, Pakenham, General, Palmer, John M., Palmyra, Mormons at, Palo Alto, battle of, Panic, of 1837, of 1873, of 1893, Paper currency, Parker, Joel, Party platforms, see Platforms. Patent office, Patroons, Patterson, General, Paulding, Pea Ridge, battle of, Peacock, Pelican, Pemberton, General, Pendleton, George H., Pendleton Civil Service Act, Peninsular campaign, Penn, William, settles New Jersey and Pennsylvania, relations with Indians, Pennsylvania, granted to Penn, in colonial times, opposes Townshend Acts, Declaration of Independence in, Confederates in, Pennsylvania Freeman, Pennsylvania Gazette, Pennsylvania Journal, Pennsylvania Packet, Pennsylvania route to West, Pensacola captured, Pensions, People's party, Pequot Indians, Perote, Perry, Oliver Hazard, Perryville, battle of, Personal Liberty laws, "Pet banks," Petersburg, in colonial times, Cornwallis at, besieged, evacuated, Petroleum, Philadelphia, founded, in colonial times, First Continental Congress, captured, Congress at, evacuated, constitutional convention at, in 1800, national capital, Philanthropist, Philippines, Phips, Sir William, Phoenix, Photographic discoveries, Pickens, Pickens, Governor, Pierce, Franklin, president, Pike, Zebulon, Pikes Peak, Pilgrims, Pinckney, C. C., minister to France, Federalist candidate, treaty with England, Pineda, Pinta, Pinzon, Pitt, William, Pittsburg, founded, in 1790, rebellion at, Pittsburg Landing, battle of, Plains of Abraham, Platforms, party, Platte country, Plattsburg, battle of, Plymouth, charter, Company, settled, part of Massachusetts Bay colony, Pocahontas, Poictiers, Political issues, see Platforms. Political parties, beginning of, see Federalists, Democrats, Republicans, etc. Polk, James K., presidential nominee, president, Polygamy, Ponce de Leon, Pony express, Pope, General John, campaigns, Popham, Sir John, Popular sovereignty, Population, in 1790, in 1815, in 1810, in 1820, increase in, of Oregon, western immigrant, between 1840 and 1860, in 1870, of northwestern states, of Oklahoma, Populists, see People's Party. Port Gibson, battle of, Port Hudson, battle of, Port Royal, settled, French stronghold, captured, called Annapolis, Port Royal, S. C., captured, Portage Railroad, Porter, at Vicksburg, Porto Rico, Portsmouth, settled, in colonial times, navy yard, Portuguese in Brazil, Postage stamps, Postal system, in colonial times, in 1790, in 1840, in 1860, Powhatan Indians, Prairie schooners, Prescott, Colonel, President, Presidential election, method of, proposed method of, Presidential succession, Presque Isle built, Price, General, Princeton, battle of, Printing press, Proclamation, line, of neutrality, Emancipation, Progress, from 1790 to 1815, from 1840 to 1860, since Civil War, Prohibition party, Proprietary colonies Proscription, political Proslavery movement Protection South opposes Clay favors political issue Providence founded in colonial times riot at Provincial colonies Public domain granted additions to grants, see Land grants Puebla Puerto Rico see Porto Rico. Pulaski Punishment forms of Puritans persecution of in New England become Separatists Putnam.

%Q%

Quaker settlements Quartering Act Quebec boundaries of Quebec settled French stronghold attacked surrendered Quebec Act Queen Anne's War Queenstown, battle of Quincy, Josiah.

%R%

Radical Republicans Railroads early Western Northern Pacific in 1887 land grants to Ralegh, Sir Walter Randolph, John "Receivers general" created Reconstruction Act Reconstruction policy Redemptioners Refunding Act Reid, Whitelaw Reprisal Republicans old party new party Resaca de la Palma battle of Restoration English Resumption of Specie Payment Act Revenge Revolutionary War Rhode Island settled charter in colonial times Ribault, John Richmond Confederate capital campaign against captured Rio Grande Ripon convention at Rittenhouse, David Roads improvements Western Roanoke colonized captured Robertson, James Robinson, John Rochester settled Rogers, Captain Rolfe, John Roosevelt, Theodore Rosecrans, General campaigns Ross, General Roxbury settled Royal colonies Rule of 1756 Rumsey, James Russell, John Russia possessions claims on the Pacific complies with Monroe Doctrine attitude in Civil War Alaska purchased from Ryal, Captain.

%S%

Sacketts Harbor battle of Sacramento St. Augustine founded St. Clair's defeat St. Croix River settlements St. John, John P. St. Joseph captured St. Lawrence River explored St. Leger, Colonel St. Louis St. Marks captured St. Marys founded St. Paul Salem settled Salmon Falls massacre Saltillo Sampson, W.T. San Jacinto San Jacinto, battle of San Salvador Santa Anna Santa Fe captured trail Santa Maria Santiago, battles of Saratoga, battle of Savannah Savannah founded in colonial times captured Schenectady massacre Schley, W.S. Schools, free Schuyler, General Scientific discoveries Scioto Company Scott, General Winfield in 1814 in Mexican War presidential nominee in Civil War Sea to sea grants Secession, of Southern States states refuse troops reconstruction plans Sedition Law Seminole Indians Senate formed Seneca Indians Separatists Serapis Seven Cities of Cibola Seven days' battles Seven Pines, battle of Sevier, John Sewall, Arthur Seward, William H. Sewing machine invented Seymour, Horatio Shadrach Shannon Sharpsburg, battle of Indians Shays, Daniel Shenandoah Shenandoah valley, war in Sheridan, General Phil., campaigns Sherman, Roger Sherman, General W.T., campaigns Sherman Act silver-purchase clause repealed Shiloh, battle of Ship Island Shirley, Governor Silver, specie suspended mines discovered demonetized remonetized certificates free coinage of movement party "Silver Grays" Sioux Indians Sirius Six Nations Slave trade forbidden Slavery, established in colonial times, in territories at time of Constitution in 1790 affected by cotton industry in Kentucky in early states beyond Mississippi River issue between North and South area expanded in Texas in New Mexico and California in Kansas in 1857 in 1860 Civil War Emancipation Proclamation during Civil War abolished in Confederate States position of negroes after war Slidell, John Smith, Green Clay Smith, John, at Jamestown explores New England coast among the Indians Smith, Joseph Social conditions, in 1790 about 1890 Socialist Labor party Society for Encouragement of Domestic Manufactures Solis Somers, Sir George Sons of Liberty South American republics South Carolina, settled in colonial times cedes land to Congress Railroad Exposition favors nullification secedes Sherman in readmitted South Dakota, admitted silver interests South Pass Southern Colonies, occupations, etc. Southern States, English in attitude toward slavery form Confederacy at end of 1860 at beginning of war coast blockade cost of war in reconstruction of troubles in the New South Spanish, possessions settlements, etc. claims boundary line Florida bought from war with United States Spanish America Specie Circular Specie payments Speculation in 1836 Speedwell Spottsylvania Courthouse, battle of Springfield, settled Republican state convention at Lincoln's speech at Squatter sovereignty, see Popular Sovereignty Squatters Stagecoaches Stamford founded Stamp Act Stamp tax Standish, Miles Stanton Star of the West Star-Spangled Banner Stark, Colonel John State banks State debts State department Staten Island evacuated States, formed thirteen original trade laws powers of new constitutions in sovereignty of government in seceded, Steamboats Stephens, Alexander II. Steuben, Baron Stevens, John Stevenson, Adlai E. Stewart, G.T. Stillwater, battle of Stockton, Commodore "Stonewall" Jackson Stonington bombarded Stony Point captured Stowe, H.B. Stuart Stuyvesant, Peter Sub treasury plan Sugar Act Sullivan, General Sumner, Charles Sumter Sumter Sumter, Fort Supreme Court established gives Dred Scott decision on Wilson Bill Surplus revenue in 1837 in 1887 Surprise Sutter Sutter's Fort Swedish possessions settlements Symmes, John C.

%T%

Taft, William II. Taney, Roger B. Tariff of 1789 bills of 1824, etc. of 1861 for revenue only Mills Bill McKinley Act revision of 1896 Tarleton, Commander Taxation in colonies of 1861 of bonds demanded of Chinese a political issue Taylor, General Zachary in Mexican War president death of Tea tax Tecumseh Telegraph Temperance party Tender Acts Tennessee settled part of public domain admitted opposes Wilmot Proviso secedes reconstructs government readmitted Tenure of Office Act Territory formed Terry, Eli Texas becomes independent annexed to United States boundaries of New Mexico purchased from admitted secedes opposed to Reconstruction Act again in the Union Thames River battle of Thayer, Hon. Eli Third-term tradition Thirteenth Amendment proposed adopted Thomas, General George II. campaigns Thomas, General Lorenzo Thompson, Henry Adams Thurman, Allen G. Ticket money Ticonderoga Tilden, Samuel J. Tippecanoe, battle of Toledo population in 1840 Tompkins, Daniel D. Tonty, Henri de Topeka Topeka free-state constitution Tories Townshend Acts Trade in colonial times in original states convention at Annapolis regulated by Congress with West Indies regulations of English and French facilities for trades unions Transportation Bill Travel in 1790 in 1810 Treasury department established Treasury notes Treaty of Penn with Indians of Utrecht of Ryswick of Aix-la-Chapelle of Paris with France Jay's with Spain of Ghent of Greenville of 1818 of 1819 Webster-Ashburton with Mexico with Texas of 1846 with China of Washington with Hawaii between Great Britain and Venezuela Trent Trent, William Trent Affair Trenton battle of Tripoli war with Trusts see Corporations. Truxton, Captain Thomas Tuscarora Indians Twelfth Amendment Tyler, John vice-presidential nominee president

%U%

Uncle Tom's Cabin Underground Railroad Union Labor party Union Pacific Railroad United Colonies of New England United Labor party United States United States Bank see National Bank. United States bonds see Bonds. Usselinx, William Utah Mormons in acquired slavery question in admitted silver interests

%V%

Vaca, Cabeza de Vail, Alfred Valley Forge Van Buren, Martin birth vice-presidential nominee president presidential nominee favors 10 hours system Van Born, General Van Rensselaer's expedition Van Wart Venezuela boundary question Vengeance Vera Cruz battle of Vermont admitted passes Personal Liberty Law Vespucci, or Vespucius, Amerigo. Vevay settled. Vice-admiralty courts. Vice president, manner of electing. Vicksburg captured. Vincennes settled. Virginia. Virginia, named; settled; charters; a royal colony; defends Ohio valley; in colonial times; opposes Stamp Act; cedes land to Congress; Reserve; Plan of Constitution; resolutions of 1798; resolutions of 1849; Brown's raid in; secedes; coast blockade; opposes reconstruction policy; again in the Union. Virginia City, Mont., founded. Virginia City, Nov., founded. Virginia companies. Volunteers during Civil War.

%W%

Wabash River, Indians on. Wachusett. Wages, in 1790; in 1860; in 1873; in 1880. Walla Walla. Wampanoag Indians. War department. Ward, Ensign. Warren. Wars, Indian; colonial; French and Indian; Revolution; with France; with Tripoli; war for commercial independence (War of 1812); Mexican; Civil; Spanish. Washington, George, in French and Indian War; commander in chief; in Revolution; president constitutional convention; president; social conditions at time of. Washington, national capital; burned; Confederates near. Washington, slavery question in; a territory; settled; boundary of; admitted. Wasp. Watauga Creek settlements. Waterloo settled. Watertown settled. Watlings Island. Watson, Thomas E. Wayne, Anthony, at Stony Point; in Indian warfare. Weaver, James B. Webster, Daniel, birth; opposes nullification doctrine; secretary of state; speech on Compromise Bill; death of. Webster-Ashburton treaty. Weitzel, General. Wells, Dr. West Indies discovered. West Point, Arnold at. West Virginia, admitted; slavery in. Western movement. Western Reserve of Connecticut. Western Union Telegraph Company. Wethersfield settled. Whalley, Edward. Wheeler, William A. Wheeling settled. Whig party. Whisky Rebellion. White House Landing, battle of. White Plains, battle of, 135. White, John. White, John. Whitman, Marcus. Whitney, Eli. Wildcat state banks. Wilderness campaign. Wilkes, Captain. William, King, grants Massachusetts charter. Williams. Williams, Roger. Williamsburg, in colonial times; captured. Wilmington, Del., Washington at. Wilmington, N. C., British at; captured. Wilmot, David. Wilmot Proviso. Wilson, Henry. Wilson, William L. Wilson Bill. Winchester, General. Winchester, battle of. Winthrop, John. Wirt, William. Wisconsin territory and state. Wolfe, General James. Woman suffrage. Workingman, see Labor. Wyeth, Nathaniel J. Wyoming massacre. Wyoming, acquired; a territory; admitted; silver interests.

%X%

"X, Y, Z mission."

%Y%

Yates. York, Canada, burned. York, Me., massacre. York, Pa., Congress at. York, Duke of. Yorktown, surrendered; captured. Young, Brigham.

%Z%

Zuni pueblos.

THE END