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Kirkwood, distribution of minor planets, 286; grouped orbits, 287; divisions in Saturn's rings, 301, 302; origin of planets, 314; their mode of rotation, 321; comets and meteors, 333, 339
Kleiber, Perseid radiants, 341
Klein, Hyginus N., 267, 268
Klinkerfues, comet predicted by, 335, 339; apparitions of Southern comet, 350; tidal theory of new stars, 397
Knobel, cloud effects on Mars, 281
Konkoly, spectrum of Gamma Cassiopeiae, 378; spectroscopic survey, 381 note
Kreil, lunar magnetic action, 130
Kreutz, period of 1843 comet, 105; orbit of 1861 comet, 327; period of great September comet, 361; cause of disintegration, 363; eclipse-comet of 1882, 362
Krueger, segmentation of great comet, 362
Kuestner, variation of latitude, 258
Kunowsky, spots on Mars, 275
Lacaille, southern nebulae, 22; Eta Carinae, 48
Lagrange, theory of solar system, 2; planetary disruption, 76
Lahire, diffraction theory of corona, 67; distance of the sun, 228; mountains of Venus, 252
Lalande, popularisation of astronomy, 5; revolving stars, 18; Histoire Celeste, 31, 415; nature of sun-spots, 53; observations of Neptune, 83
Lambert, solar motion, 10; construction of the universe, 14, 40; missing planets, 71
Lamont, magnetic period, 127, 128
Lamp, ashen light on Venus, 256
Langdon, mountains of Venus, 253
Langley, solar granules, 165; corona of 1878, 176; spectroscopic effects of solar rotation, 202; infra-red spectrum, 210, 223, 224; experiments at Pittsburg, 221; bolometer, 222; distribution of energy in spectrum, 224, 225; atmospheric absorption, 224, 225, 276; solar constant, 225; lunar heat-spectrum, 269; temperature of lunar surface, 270; age of the sun, 312
Laplace, lunar acceleration, 2, 271; Systeme du Monde, 5; nebular hypothesis, 25, 308, 309, 313, 314, 322; stability of Saturn's rings, 85, 298; solar atmosphere, 94, 221; Lexell's comet, 106, 367; solar distance by lunar theory, 230; origin of meteors, 328; of comets, 370
Lassell, discovery of Neptune's satellite, 83; of Hyperion, 85; Saturn's dusky ring, 86; observations at Malta, 87, 434; reflectors, 114; equatoreal mounting, 121
Latitude, variation of, 258, 259
Laugier, period of 1843 comet, 105; solar rotation, 146
Le Chatelier, temperature of the sun, 219
Lescarbault, pseudo-discovery of Vulcan, 248; halo round Venus, 254
Lespiault, orbits of minor planets, 285
Le Sueur, spectrum of Jupiter, 291
Leverrier, discovery of Neptune, 80-82; Lexell's comet, 98, 367; distance of the sun, 230, 240; revolutions of Mercury, 248; supposed transits of Vulcan, 249; mass of asteroids, 287; orbit of November meteors, 332; Perseids and Leonids, 333
Lexell, comet of 1770, 98, 106, 367
Liais, supposed transit of Vulcan, 249; comet of 1861, 326; division of a comet, 339
Librations, of Mercury, 247; of Venus, 251; of the moon, 266
Lick, foundation of observatory, 434
Light, velocity, 38, 232, 241; extinction in space, 45; refrangibility changed by movement, 201
Light-equation, 231, 241
Ligondes, development of solar system, 316
Lindsay, Lord, expedition to Mauritius, 234
Line of sight, movements in, 201, 386; of solar limbs, 202, 203; in prominences, 204, 208; of stars, 201, 386, 387; binaries detected by, 387-391
Listing, dimensions of the globe, 262
Littrow, chromosphere, 70; sun-spot periodicity, 126
Liveing and Dewar, carbon in the sun, 212
Lockyer, solar spectroscopy, 156, 212; theory of sun-spots, 159, 163; daylight observations of prominences, 169, 194, 204, 205; eclipse of 1870, 171; slitless spectroscope, 173; corona of 1878, 175; glare theory of corona, 182; eclipse of 1886, 184; chromospheric spectrum, 195; classification of prominences, 196; their radial movements, 204; celestial dissociation, 206-210; chemistry of sun-spots, 207; spots on Mars, 275; meteoritic hypothesis, 376, 402; equatoreal Coude, 438
Loewy, constant of aberration, 241, 438; lunar photographs, 268; director of Paris Observatory, 414; equatoreal Coude, 436, 437
Lohrmann, lunar chart, 265; Linne, 267
Lohse, J. G., spectrum of great comet, 364
Lohse, O., daylight coronal photography, 178 note; spectral investigations, 211; twilight on Venus, 256; red spot on Jupiter, 294; periodicity of Jupiter's markings, 297; motion of Sirius, 386; spectrum of Nova Cygni, 393
Louville, nature of corona, 67; chromosphere, 68
Lowell, rotation of Mercury, 248; of Venus, 252; markings on Venus, 255; observations of Mars, 280, 281; satellites, 283
Lyman, atmosphere of Venus, 254
McClean, photographs of solar spectrum, 211, 215; helium stars, 377; oxygen stars, 384; equipment of Cape Observatory, 433
Macdonnell, luminous ring round Venus, 254
Maclaurin, eclipse of 1737, 65
Maclear, Admiral, observations during eclipses, 172, 182
Maclear, Sir Thomas, maximum of Eta Carinae, 49; observation of Halley's comet, 102
Maedler, central sun, 41; observations of Venus, 253; lunar rills, 263; aspect of Linne, 267; common proper motions, 426
Magellanic clouds, 47, 422; spiral character, 425
Magnetism, terrestrial, international observations, 126; periodicity, 127, 128; solar relations, 128, 160, 161, 163, 205; lunar influence, 130
Mann, last observation of Donati's comet, 325
Maraldi, solar corona, 67; rotation of Mars, 274; satellite-transits on Jupiter, 291; spot on Jupiter, 295
Marius, Andromeda nebula, 21; sun-spots, 52
Mars, oppositions, 228; solar parallax from, 228, 237, 240; polar spots, 274, 276, 277, 280, 281; permanent markings, 274-276; rotation, 274, 275; atmosphere, 276, 277; climate, 277, 278; canals, 278-281; photographs, 281; satellites, 282, 283, 314, 320, 321
Marth, revolutions of Neptune's satellite, 305
Maskelyne, components of Castor, 18; Astronomer-Royal, 27; experiment at Schehallien, 261; comets and meteors, 332
Maunder, photographs of corona of 1886, 185; comparative massiveness of stars, 375; constitution of nebulae, 403
Maunder, Mrs., coronal photographs, 189, 190
Maury, director of Naval Observatory, 7; duplication of Biela's comet, 96
Maury, Miss A. C., spectrographic investigations, 386; discoveries of spectroscopic binaries, 387, 388
Maxwell, J. Clerk, structure of Saturn's rings, 298, 300
Mayer, C., star satellites, 17
Mayer, Julius R., tidal friction, 272; meteoric sustentation of sun's heat, 310
Mayer, Tobias, stellar motions, 10; solar translation, 15; repeating circle, 122; solar distance, 230; satellite of Venus, 256; lunar surface, 263
Mazapil meteorite, 340
Meldrum, sun-spots and cyclones, 164
Melloni, lunar heat, 269
Melvill, spectra of flames, 131
Mercury, mass, 92; luminous phenomena during transits, 244, 245; spectrum, 245; mountainous conformation, 246, 247; rotation, 247, 248; theory of movements, 248, 250
Mersenne, reflecting telescope, 108
Messier, catalogue of nebulae, 22
Meteoric hypothesis of solar sustentation, 310; of planetary formation, 311
Meteoritic hypothesis of cosmical constitution, 376, 402
Meteors, origin, 327, 328; relations to comets, 327, 332-334, 340; Leonids, 328-334, 338; Perseids, 329, 332, 333, 341; Andromedes, 334-338; stationary radiants, 341
Meunier, canals of Mars, 280
Meyer, divisions of Saturn's rings, 302; comet of 1880, 351; cometary refraction, 353; comet Tewfik, 362
Michell, double stars, 17; torsion balance, 261; star systems, 426
Michelson, velocity of light, 241
Milky Way, grindstone theory, 14; clustering power, 20, 26; structure, 20, 41, 45, 47, 423-425; centre of gravity, 40, 41; frequented by Wolf-Rayet, temporary, and helium stars, 380, 399, 425; by gaseous nebulae, 402; drawings and photographs, 424, 425
Miller, W. A., spectrum analysis, 132, 136, 137; stellar chemistry, 373
Mira, light changes, 10; spectrum, 374, 379
Mitchel, lectures at Cincinnati, 6
Mitchell, photograph of reversing layer, 190
Moeller, theory of Faye's comet, 98
Mohn, origin of comets, 370
Moll, transit of Mercury, 245
Monck, Perseid meteors, 341; new stars, 395
Moon, acceleration, 2, 271, 272; magnetic influence, 130; photographs, 152, 153, 268; solar parallax from disturbed motion, 230, 240; study of surface, 263; atmosphere, 263-265; charts, 265-267; librations, 266; superficial changes, 267, 268; thermal radiations, 269, 270; rotation, 272; tables, 272, 273; origin, 316-318
Morinus, celestial chemistry, 140
Morstadt, Andromede meteors, 332
Mouchez, photographic survey of the heavens, 413; death, 414
Mueller, phases of Mercury, 246; of minor planets, 288; albedo of Mars, 283; of Jupiter, 290; of Saturn, 303; variability of Neptune, 305; of Pons's comet, 366; stellar photometry, 421
Munich, Optical Institute, 28, 34
Myer, solar eclipse, 183
Nasmyth, Lassell's reflector, 83; solar willow-leaves, 164; comparative lustre of Mercury and Venus, 255; condition of Jupiter, 289
Nasmyth and Carpenter, The Moon, 265
Nebula, Andromeda, early observations, 21; new star in, 394, 395; photographs, 395, 409; structure, 396; spectrum, 402, 403; visibility at Arequipa, 435
Nebula, Orion, observed by Herschel, 12; mentioned by Cysatus, 21; apparent resolvability, 119; suspected variability, 403; radial movement, 405; spectrum, 407; photographs, 407, 408, 436
Nebulae, first discoveries, 22; catalogues, 22, 46, 50, 412; distribution, 23, 48, 422; composition, 24, 47, 401, 402; resolution, 47, 117, 119; double, 48, 412; spiral, 118, 410, 412; new stars in, 394-396, 399, 401; spectra, 401-403, 407; variability, 403, 404; radial movements, 405; photographs, 407-409, 425
Nebular hypothesis, Herschel's, 24, 25; Laplace's, 25, 308, 309, 322; objections, 313-315
Neison, atmosphere of Venus, 254; rills on the moon, 263; The Moon, 265
Neptune, discovery, 78-83; satellite, 83, 305; density, 84; comets captured by, 98, 306, 365; mode of rotation, 305, 313, 315, 322
Newall, F., duplicity of Capella, 389; stellar radial motions, 430
Newall, R. S., 25-inch refractor, 430
Newcomb, runaway stars, 39; solar translation, 40; origin of minor planets, 76; telescopic powers, 119; corona of 1878, 176; of 1869, 183; distance of the sun, 231-233; velocity of light, 241; variation of latitude, 259; lunar atmosphere, 263; lunar theory, 272, 273; disturbance of Neptune's satellite, 305; formation of planets, 314; star catalogue, 415; structure of Milky Way, 423
Newton, H. A., capture of comets by planets, 98; falls of aerolites, 311; November meteors, 330, 331; meteors of 1885, 336, 337; orbits of aerolites, 340
Newton, Sir Isaac, founder of theoretical astronomy, 1, 141; comets subject to gravitation, 88; first speculum, 109; solar radiations, 216; law of cooling, 217-219; telescopes and atmosphere, 434
Niesten, volume of asteroids, 287; red spot on Jupiter, 293
Nobert, diffraction gratings, 439
Noble, observations of Mercury, 246; secondary tail of comet, 355
Nolan, origin of the moon, 317; period of Phobos, 320
Norton, expulsion theory of solar appendages, 193 note; comets' tails, 345, 347
Nova Andromedae, 394, 395
Nova Aurigae, 396-399
Nova Cygni, 393, 394, 398
Nova Persei, 400, 401
Nutation, discovered by Bradley, 3, 15; a uranographical correction, 31
Nyren, constant of aberration, 241
Observatory, Greenwich, 3, 27, 433; Cape of Good Hope, 6, 36, 433; Paramatta, 6, 90; Harvard College, 7, 85; Koenigsberg, 30; Dorpat, 43; Pulkowa, 44; Palermo, 72; Berlin, 90; Anclam, 149; Potsdam, 149; Kew, 153; Arequipa, 264, 435, 436; Yerkes, 433; Lick, 435
Occultations of stars by comets, 95, 105, 106; by the moon, 263; by Mars, 276; of Jupiter by the moon, 264
Olbers, Bessel's first patron, 29, 30; discoveries of minor planets, 74, 75; origin by explosion, 75, 76; career, 89, 90; Biela's comet, 95; comet of 1811, 99; electrical theory of comets, 100, 104, 324, 347; multiple tails, 100; comet of 1819, 101; cometary coruscations, 105; November meteors, 329
Olmsted, radiant of Leonids, 328; orbit, 329
Oppenheim, calculation of Schmidt's comet, 363
Oppolzer, E. von, theory of sun-spots, 159; variability of Eros, 285
Oppolzer, Th. von, Winnecke's comet, 94; comet of 1843, 350
Oxygen in sun, 213-215; telluric absorption, 214; in stars, 384
Packer, variable stars in cluster, 436
Palisa, search for Vulcan, 181, 250; discoveries of minor planets, 283
Pallas, discovery, 74; inclination of orbit, 75, 286; diameter, 75, 287, 288
Pape, Donati's comet, 345
Parallax, annual, of stars, 10, 16, 33, 36, 416-418; horizontal, of sun, 227; Encke's result, 230, 232; improved values from oppositions of Mars, 231, 237; from light velocity, 231, 232, 241; from recent transits, 236, 240; from observations of minor planets, 238, 239; general result, 242
Paris Catalogue of Stars, 415
Paschen, oxygen in sun, 215; solar temperature, 220
Pastorff, drawings of the sun, 101
Peirce, structure of Saturn's rings, 298
Perrine, eclipse photographs, 190; nature of corona, 191; observation of Holmes's comet, 369; nebula round Nova Persei, 401
Perrotin, rotation of Venus, 252; markings on, 255; canals of Mars, 279; clouds on Mars, 281; striation of Saturn's rings, 299; rotation and compression of Uranus, 303, 304; changes of Pons's comet, 366; Maia nebula, 410; measures of double stars, 419
Perry, eclipse of December, 1889, 187
Personal equation, 123, 235
Peter, star-parallaxes, 417
Peters, C. A. F., parallax of 61 Cygni, 36; disturbed motion of Sirius, 42
Peters, C. F. W., orbit of Leonid meteors and comet, 332
Peters, C. H. F., sun-spot observations, 147, 148; discoveries of minor planets, 283; star maps, 284, 415
Peytal, description of chromosphere, 69
Phobos, rapid revolution, 282, 283, 314; tidal relations, 320, 321
Photography, solar, 145, 153, 154, 165; of corona, 166, 173, 175, 178, 181, 185-190; without an eclipse, 178-180; of prominences, 167, 197, 198; of coronal spectrum, 171, 188, 190; of prominence-spectrum, 195, 198; of arc-spectrum, 206, 211; of solar spectrum, 210, 211, 215, 439, 440; of Uranian spectrum, 305; of cometary spectra, 354, 357; of stellar and nebular spectra, 382-384, 396, 398, 400, 407; lunar, 152, 153, 268; detection of comets by, 178, 338, 369; of asteroids, 284; of new stars, 399; use of, in transits of Venus, 234, 236, 240; Mars depicted by, 277, 281; Jupiter, 297, 408; comets, 353, 354, 368, 412; nebulae, 395, 401, 407-409, 411, 425; Milky Way, 424, 425; star-charting by, 413, 414; star-parallaxes by, 417; rapid improvement, 438
Photometry, stellar, 49, 420, 421; of planetary phases, 245, 288; of Saturn's rings, 299; photographic, 421
Photosphere, named by Schroeter, 55; structure, 151, 152, 164, 165
Piazzi, star catalogues, 31; parallaxes, 33; motion of 61 Cygni, 35; birth and training, 72; 5-foot circle, 72, 121; discovery of Ceres, 73, 74
Picard, Saturn's dark ring, 86; sun's distance, 228
Pickering, E. C., photometric measures of Martian satellites, 282; of minor planets, 287; variability of Japetus, 302; of Neptune, 305; meteoric photography, 339; gaseous stars, 379; hydrogen spectrum in stars 383; spectrographic results, 385; eclipses of Algol, 390; photographic celestial surveys, 399; star density in Pleiades, 411; photometric catalogues, 420, 421; photographic photometry, 421; white stars in Milky Way, 425; climate of Arequipa, 435; horizontal telescope, 437
Pickering, W. H., corona of 1886, 185; coronal photographs, January 1, 1889, 186; lunar twilight, 264; lunar volcanic action, 267; melting of snow on Mars, 277; Martian snowfall, 281; Jupiter's satellites, 292; photographs of comets, 368; of Orion nebula, 408; observatory at Arequipa, 435
Pingre, phenomena of comets, 92, 96
Planets, influence on sun-spots, 163; periods and distances, 228; intra-Mercurian, 248-250; inferior and superior, 288; trans-Neptunian, 306, 307; origin, 309, 313; relative ages, 314, 315
Planets, minor, existence inferred, 71, 72; discoveries, 73-75, 77, 283, 284; solar parallax from, 237-239; distribution of orbits, 286, 287; collective volume, 287; atmospheres, 288
Plantade, halo round Mercury, 244
Pleiades, community of movement near, 41; photographed spectra, 385; measurements, 410; photographs, 410, 411; nebulae, 410, 411
Pluecker, hydrogen in sun, 212
Plummer, solar translation, 39; Encke's comet, 99
Plutarch, solar corona, 65
Pogson, prominence spectrum, 168; reversing layer, 172; discovery of a comet, 335, 339; new star in cluster, 395
Pond, errors of Greenwich quadrant, 28; controversy with Brinkley, 33
Pons, discoveries of comets, 90, 94, 365
Pontecoulant, return of Halley's comet, 101
Poor, C. Lane, calculation of Lexell's comet, 367
Porter, solar translation, 40
Pouillet, solar constant, 216, 225; temperature of the sun, 217; of space, 270
Poynting, mean density of the earth, 261
Prince, glow round Venus, 253
Pritchard, parallax of Beta Aurigae, 388; photographic determinations of stellar parallax, 417; photometric catalogue, 420
Pritchett, corona of January, 1889, 186; red spot on Jupiter, 294
Proctor, glare theory of corona, 182; speed of ejections from sun, 205; transit of Venus, 233; distance of sun, 236; atmosphere of Venus, 254; rotation of Mars, 275; map and canals of Mars, 278, 279; condition of great planets, 289; Nova Andromedae, 403; status of nebulae, 422, 423; structure of Milky Way, 424; star drift, 426
Procyon, satellite, 42; parallax, 417
Prominences, observed in 1842, 63, 64, 68; described by Vassenius, 68; observed in 1851, 70; photographed during eclipse, 167, 188, 190; without eclipse, 197, 198; spectrum, 168, 178, 194, 195, 198, 199; spectroscopic method of observing, 168-170, 194-196; white, 183, 184; chemistry, 195, 199; classification, 196; distribution, 199; movements in, 204-206; heat of development, 220
Quetelet, periodicity of August meteors, 329
Ranyard, drawing of sun-spot, 101; coronal types, 175, 185; lunar atmosphere, 265; Jupiter's markings, 297; meteors from fixed radiants, 341; cometary trains, 348; tenuity of nebulae, 409
Rayet, spectrum of prominences, 168, 170
Red spot on Jupiter, 293, 296
Reduction of observations, 31; Bessel's improvements, 32, 122; Baily's, 60
Refraction, atmospheric, 31; effects looked for in comets, 106, 353; Cytherean, 235, 253, 254; lunar 263, 264
Reichenbach, foundation of Optical Institute, 28, 34, 122
Repsold, astronomical circles, 41, 122; Cape heliometer, 416
Resisting medium, 93, 94, 360
Respighi, slitless spectroscope, 173; prominences and chromosphere, 194, 196, 199; solar uprushes, 205; spectrum of Gamma Argus, 380
Reversing layer, detected, 171, 172; photographed, 172, 189; depth, 173
Riccioli, secondary light of Venus, 255
Ricco, trials with coronagraph, 180; distribution of prominences, 199; spectrum of Venus, 254; spot on Jupiter, 294; spectrum of great comet, 364
Richer, distance of the sun, 228
Ristenpart, solar translation, 40
Ritchey, nebula round Nova Persei, 401; photographs of nebulae, 432
Ritter, development of stars, 375
Roberts, A. W., southern variables, 392
Roberts, Isaac, search for ultra-Neptunian planet, 306; photographs of Orion nebula, 408; of Andromeda nebula, 409; of the Pleiades, 411
Roberval, structure of Saturn's rings, 299
Robinson, reflectors and refractors, 431
Roche, inner limit of satellite-formation, 301; modification of nebular hypothesis, 321
Roemer, star places, 10; invention of equatoreal and transit instrument, 120; of altazimuth, 121; velocity of light, 231; satellite transit on Jupiter, 291
Rosenberger, return of Halley's comet, 101
Rosetti, temperature of the sun, 219
Rosse, third Earl of, biographical sketch, 114; great specula, 115-117; discovery of spiral nebulae, 118; resolution of nebulae, 119; climate and telescopes, 434
Rosse, fourth Earl of, experiments on lunar heat, 269
Rost, nature of sun-spots, 54
Roszel, mass of asteroids, 287
Rowland, photographic maps of solar spectrum, 210, 440; elements in run, 213; concave gratings, 439, 440
Ruemker, observation of Encke's comet, 90
Russell, H. C., red spot on Jupiter, 295; change in Argo nebula, 404; photographs of Nubeculae, 425
Russell, H. N., atmosphere of Venus, 254
Rutherfurd, lunar photography, 268; star spectra, 372; photographs of the Pleiades, 410; diffraction gratings, 439
Sabine, magnetic and sun-spot periods, 127, 128, 130
Safarik, secondary light of Venus, 256; compression of Uranus, 304
Satellites, discoveries, 110, 282, 293; transits, 291, 292; variability, 292, 302; origin, 309, 318
Saturn, low specific gravity, 298; rotation, 302; spectrum, 303
Saturn's rings, first disclosure, 85; dusky ring, 86; stability, 298, 300; meteoric constitution, 300; eventual dispersal, 301
Savary, orbits of double stars, 46
Savelieff, solar radiation, 164, 225
Sawerthal, discovery of a comet, 366
Schaeberle, discovery of Procyon's satellite, 42; coronal photographs, 187, 188; theory of corona, 191; meteoric photography, 339; discovery of a comet, 355
Schaeberle and Campbell, observations of Jupiter's satellites, 292
Scheiner, Father, nature of sun-spots, 52, 54; equatoreal instrument, 120 note; solar rotation, 146; darkening of sun's limb, 221
Schiener, Dr. J., photospheric structure, 165; spectrographic researches, 384, 405; spectrum of Andromeda nebula, 403; stars and nebulae in Orion, 407
Schiaparelli, rotation of Mercury, 247; of Venus, 251, 252; spots on Mars, 275; snow-cap, 277; canals, 278-280; compression of Uranus, 304; comets and meteors, 327, 331, 332, 338; anomalous tail of great comet, 364; Pons's comet, 365; origin of comets, 370; measures of double stars, 419
Schmidt, A., circular refraction in sun, 159
Schmidt, J., sun-spot period, 126; lunar rills, 263; lunar maps, 265; disappearance of Linne, 267; cometary appendages, 363; new stars, 393
Schoenfeld, extension of Bonn Durchmusterung, 412, 414
Schrader, construction of reflectors, 243
Schroeter, a follower of Herschel, 5; motions of sun-spots, 146; biographical sketch, 243, 244; observations on Mercury, 244, 246, 247; on Venus, 250-253, 255; on the moon, 263; a lunar city, 265; Linne, 267; spots on Mars, 275; Jovian markings, 290
Schuelen, perspective effects in sun-spots, 54
Schuster, photographs of corona, 178, 185; spectra of oxygen, 214
Schwabe, sun-spot periodicity, 125, 126
Secchi, chromosphere, 70; Biela's comet, 97; cyclonic movements in sun-spots, 144; distribution, 148; profundity, 154; nature, 156, 158; constitution of photosphere, 151; eclipse observations, 166, 167; reversing layer, 171; observations of prominences, 194, 196, 199; absence of helium absorption, 213; temperature of the sun, 218; solar atmospheric absorption, 221; Martian canals, 279; spectrum of Uranus, 304; of Coggia's comet, 343; stellar spectral researches, 372, 373; carbon stars, 372, 381; gaseous stars, 377
See, stellar orbits, 42, 46; measures of Neptune, 84; measures of Uranus, 304; belts of Neptune, 306; colour of Sirius, 375 note; southern double stars, 419; evolution of stellar systems, 420
Seeliger, photometry of Saturn's rings, 299; rationale of new stars, 396
Seidel, stellar photometry, 420
Sherman, spectrum of Nova Andromedae, 395
Short, reflectors, 4, 109, 115, 121; chromosphere, 68; satellite of Venus, 256; striation of Saturn's rings, 299
Sidereal science, foundation, 9, 442; condition in 1785, 10; progress, 50
Sidgreaves, spots and faculae, 159
Siemens, regenerative theory of the sun, 312
Simony, photographs of ultra-violet spectrum, 215
Sirius, a binary star, 41; mass, 42; parallax, 42, 416; spectrum, 133, 373, 383; former redness, 375 note; radial movement, 386, 387
Smyth, Admiral, Donati's comet, 324
Smyth, Piazzi, oxygen spectrum, 215; lunar radiations, 269; expedition to Teneriffe, 434
Solar constant, 216, 225
Solar spectrum, fixed lines in, 133-135; maps, 133, 136, 206, 210, 211, 224, 440; distribution of energy, 222, 223
Solar system, translation through space, 15, 39, 40, 406; development, 308, 309, 313-316, 322; complexity, 441
Soret, solar temperature, 218
South, observations of double stars, 45; 12-inch lens, 113; Rosse reflector, 117; occultation by Mars, 276
Spectroscopic binaries, 387-391
Spectrum analysis, defined, 130; first experiments, 131, 132; applied to the sun, 133-135, 156; to the stars, 133, 372, 373; Kirchhoff's theorem, 135; elementary principles, 139, 140; effects on science, 141, 142; radial motion determined by, 201, 386; investigations of comets by, 342, 343; of new stars, 393, 399; of nebulae, 401-403
Spencer, position of nebulae, 422
Spitaler, attendants on Brooks's comet, 366
Spitta, transits of Jupiter's satellites, 292
Sporer, solar rotation, 148, 149; chromosphere, 199, 200
Stannyan, early notice of chromosphere, 68
Star catalogues, 28, 31, 32, 60, 414, 415; spectroscopic, 381, 385, 386; photographic, 412-414; photometric, 420, 421
Star-drift, 426
Star-gauging, 13, 19, 47
Star-maps, 77, 78, 81, 284, 413, 415; photographic, 413, 414
Stars, movements, 9, 10, 35, 39, 415, 426; radial, 386, 387, 406; comparative brightness, 13, 49, 50, 420, 421; distances, 35-37, 416-418; chemistry, 372, 381, 382; spectroscopic orders, 373; colours, 374; development, 375-377; actual magnitudes, 422; gregarious, 426
Stars, double, physical connection surmised, 17; proved, 18, 442; masses, 38, 42; catalogues, 43, 45, 47, 50, 418, 419; orbits, 46, 418; discoveries, 43, 46, 47, 418, 419, 435; photographs, 409; evolution, 420
Stars, gaseous, 377-380
Stars, temporary, 24, 392-401
Stars, variable, early discoveries, 9; Eta Carinae, 48, 49, 379; sun-spot analogy, 128, 392; spectra, 379; Algol class, 390, 391; catalogues, 391, 392
Stefan, law of cooling, 219
Steinheil, stellar photometry, 420; silvered glass reflectors, 429
Stewart, Balfour, Kirchhoff's principle, 135 note; solar investigations, 154, 155
Stewart, Matthew, solar distance by lunar theory, 230
Stokes, prevision of spectrum analysis, 138
Stone, E. J., reversal of Fraunhofer spectrum, 172; distance of the sun, 231, 232, 236; transit of Venus, 240; Cape catalogue, 415; proper motions, 426
Stone, O., star catalogues, 415; measures of double stars, 419
Stoney, carbon in photosphere, 152; dynamical theory of planetary atmospheres, 288; perturbations of Leonids, 338; status of red stars, 375
Stratonoff, star counts in Pleiades, 411
Stroobant, satellite of Venus, 256
Struve, F. G. W., stellar parallax, 35; career and investigations, 43-45; occultation by Halley's comet, 106; Russo-Scandinavian arc, 261, 262
Struve, Ludwig, solar translation, 40
Struve, Otto, parallax of Eta Cassiopeiae, 38; solar velocity, 40; his father's successor at Pulkowa, 45; eclipse of 1842, 62, 64; Neptune's satellite, 84; research on Saturn's rings, 300, 301; variable nebula, 403
Stumpe, solar translation, 40
Sun, Herschel's theory, 54-57, 70, 149; atmospheric circulation, 58, 59; chemical composition, 135, 211-213; mode of rotation, 146, 147; Kirchhoff's theory, 149; Faye's, 150-152; convection currents in, 150, 152, 165; dissociation, 152, 206-210; luminous outbursts, 159-161; explosions, 205; heat emission, 216, 217, 221, 222, 225, 226; temperature, 217-220, 226; problem of distance, 227; results from transits, 230, 232, 236, 240; from oppositions of Mars, 231, 237; from light-velocity, 232, 241; from measurements of minor planets, 238; concluded value, 242; maintenance of heat supply, 310-313; past and future duration, 312
Sun-spots, speculations regarding, 52, 53; Wilson's demonstration, 53, 154; distribution, 53, 58, 148; cyclonic aspect, 58, 144, 157, 158; periodicity, 126, 128, 162, 163; magnetic relations, 127, 160, 161; meteorological, 129, 164; auroral, 129, 130, 160, 162; photographs, 145, 154; level, 155; spectra, 156, 207, 208; volcanic hypothesis, 158; Lockyer's rationale, 159; planetary influence, 163; relation to Jovian markings, 297
Swan, chromosphere, 70; sodium line, 132
Swift, E., discovery of a comet, 368
Swift, L., fallacious glimpse of Vulcan, 181, 250; discovery of a comet, 368
Tacchini, eclipse of 1883, 181; white prominences, 184; prominences and chromosphere, 199, 200; spectrum of Venus, 254
Talbot, Fox, spectrum analysis, 131; spectroscopic method of determining stellar orbits, 387
Tarde, nature of sun-spots, 52
Taylor, eclipse expedition, 187; spectrum of Uranus, 305; achromatic lenses, 431
Tebbutt, comets discovered by, 326, 352; comet of 1882, 359
Telescopes, achromatic, 112, 431, 432
Telescopes, equatoreal, 84, 120, 121
Telescopes, reflecting, Short's, 4, 109, 115, 121; Herschel's, 12, 109-111; Lassell's, 83, 114, 121; varieties of construction, 109, 110; Rosse's, 115-119, 434; Common's, 407, 412, 429
Telescopes, refracting, Fraunhofer's, 34, 35, 121; Clark's, 114, 429, 430, 433, 436; Grubb's, 430, 433; with bent and horizontal mountings, 436-438
Tempel, red spot on Jupiter, 294; comet discoveries, 327; cometary observations, 352, 362; Andromeda nebula, 394; discovery of Merope nebula, 410
Temperature, of the sun, 217-220, 226; of the moon, 269, 270; of space, 270; on Mars, 277
Tennant, eclipse observations, 168, 169, 174
Terby, surface of Mars, 278, 279, 281; secondary tail of comet, 355
Thalen, basic lines, 207; map of solar spectrum, 210; solar elements, 212
Thollon, line-displacements by motion, 202, 364; atlas of solar spectrum, 211, 440; lunar atmospheric absorption, 264
Thome, comet discovered by, 361
Thomson, Sir William (Lord Kelvin), solar chemistry, 138; magnetic influence of the sun, 161; tidal strains, 257; rotation of the earth, 273; dynamical theory of solar heat, 311, 312
Thraen, period of Wells's comet, 357
Tidal friction, effects on moon's rotation, 271, 272, 318; month lengthened by, 316, 318; influence on planets, 319-322; on development of binary systems, 420
Tietjen, asteroidal orbits, 284
Tisserand, capture of comets, 98; lunar acceleration, 273; revolutions of Neptune's satellite, 305; stationary radiants, 341; perturbations of Algol, 391; director of Paris Observatory, 414
Titius, law of planetary intervals, 71, 72, 85
Todd, eclipse of 1887, 185; solar distance, 236, 241; trans-Neptunian planet, 306
Tornaghi, halo round Venus, 254
Transit instrument, 120
Trepied, reversal of Fraunhofer spectrum, 172
Troughton, method of graduation, 122
Trouvelot, veiled spots, 148; chromosphere in 1878, 175; intra-Mercurian planets, 181, 250; observations of prominences, 184, 196, 204; of Mercury, 245, 247; rotation of Venus, 252; red spot on Jupiter, 296
Trowbridge and Hutchins, carbon in sun, 212
Tschermak, origin of meteorites, 339
Tupman, transit expedition, 235; results, 236
Turner, polariscopic coronal photography, 189; employment of coelostat, 190, 438; stationary radiants, 341
Ulloa, eclipse of 1778, 69
United States, observatories founded in, 6, 7
Uranus, discovery, 5, 74, 111; unexplained disturbances, 78, 79, 307; satellites, 87, 303; equatoreal markings, 303, 304; spectrum, 304, 305; retrograde rotation, 313, 315, 322
Valerius, darkening of sun's limb, 221
Vassenius, description of prominences, 68
Venus, transits, 4, 229, 232; of 1874, 233-236; of 1882, 239, 240; atmosphere, 236, 253, 254; mountains, 252, 253; spectrum, 254; albedo, 255; ashen light, 255, 256; pseudo-satellite, 256; effects upon, of solar tidal friction, 320
Very, temperature of sun, 220; lunar heat, 270
Vesta, discovery, 75, 76; diameter, 287; spectrum, 288
Vicaire, solar temperature, 218
Vico, comet discovered by, 97; rotation of Venus, 251; Cytherean mountain, 253
Violle, solar temperature, 218, 219; solar constant, 225
Vogel, H. C., solar rotation, 202; solar atmospheric absorption, 222, 224; spectrum of Mercury, 245; of Venus, 255; of Vesta, 288; of Jupiter, 290; of Jupiter's satellites, 293; of Uranus, 304; rotation of Venus, 252; ashen light, 256; intrinsic light of Jupiter, 291; cometary spectra, 342, 343, 355, 357; carbon in stars, 374; stellar development, 375, 376; spectrum of Gamma Cassiopeiae, 378; of Nova Cygni, 393; of Nova Andromedae, 395; spectroscopic star catalogue, 381; radial motion of Sirius, 386; period of Mizar, 388; eclipses of Algol, 390; components of Nova Aurigae, 397; spectrographic determinations of radial motion, 405, 406
Vogel, H. W., spectrum of hydrogen, 206 note, 383
Vulcan, existence predicted, 248; pseudo-discoveries, 249, 250
Wadsworth, coronal photography, 189
Ward, Nova Andromedae, 394
Waterston, solar temperature, 218; meteoric infalls, 311
Watson, fallacious observations of Vulcan, 181, 250; asteroidal discoveries, 284
Webb, comet of 1861, 326
Weber, Baily's Beads, 62; illusory transit of Vulcan, 249
Weinek, study of lunar photographs, 268
Weiss, comets and meteors, 332, 334
Wells, comet discovered by, 356
Wesley, drawings of corona, 175
Wheatstone, spectrum of electric arc, 132; method of ascertaining light-velocity, 232
Whewell, stars and nebulae, 422
Williams, A. Stanley, canals of Mars, 279; markings on Jupiter, 295, 297; rotation, 296; Nova Persei, 400
Wilsing, solar rotation from faculae, 155; density of the earth, 261; system of, 61 Cygni, 419
Wilson, Alexander, perspective effects in sun-spots, 53, 154
Wilson, H. C., red spot on Jupiter, 295; compression of Uranus, 304; exterior nebulosities of Pleiades, 411
Wilson, W. E., solar temperature, 220, 222; ultra-Neptunian planets, 306
Winnecke, comet discovered by, 94; distance of the sun, 231; Donati's comet, 324, 347
Wisniewski, last glimpse of 1811 comet, 99
Witt, discovery of Eros, 284
Wolf, C., objections to Faye's cosmogony, 315; origin of Phobos, 321
Wolf, Max, photographic discoveries of minor planets, 283, 284; Nova Andromedae, 394; Nova Aurigae, 396; nebula near Nova Persei, 401; photographic nebular survey, 412; galactic nebulosity, 425
Wolf, R., sun-spot and magnetic periodicity, 128, 162, 163; analogy of variable stars, 128, 392; aurorae, 129; suspicious transits, 249
Wollaston, ratio of moonlight to sunlight, 49; flame spectra, 131; lines in solar spectrum, 133
Woods, coronal photography, 179, 180; Cape Durchmusterung, 412
Wrangel, aurorae and meteors, 335
Wright, G. F., Ice Age in North America, 260
Wright, Thomas, theory of Milky Way, 14; structure of Saturn's rings, 299
Wright, W. H., polarisation of cometary light, 355; spectrum of nebulae, 400
Yerkes, donation of a telescope, 433
Young, Miss Anne, nebular hypothesis, 314
Young, C. A., spectrum of sun-spots, 156; origin, 158; spectrum of corona, 170, 177; detection of reversing layer, 171, 172; prominences and chromosphere, 194-196, 200; photograph of a prominence, 197; spectroscopic measurement of sun's rotation, 202; solar cyclones and explosions, 204, 205; basic lines, 207; spectrum of Venus, 254; red spot on Jupiter, 294; observations of Uranus, 303, 304; Andromedes of 1892, 337; spectrum of Tebbutt's comet, 355; of Nova Andromedae, 395
Young, Thomas, absorption spectra, 136
Zach, Baron von, promotion of astronomy, 5, 6, 28; Baily's Beads, 62; search for missing planet, 72; rediscovery of Ceres, 74; use of a heliostat, 120
Zantedeschi, lines in solar spectrum, 134; lunar radiation, 269
Zenger, observations on Venus, 253, 255
Zenker, cometary tails, 348
Zezioli, observation of Andromedes, 334
Zodiacal light, relation to medium of space, 94; to solar corona, 176; meteoric constitution, 310
Zoellner, electrical theory of comets, 99, 344, 346, 347; solar constitution, 158; observations of prominences, 194, 196; reversion spectroscope, 202; solar temperature, 220; Mercurian phases, 245; albedo of Venus, 255; of Jupiter, 290; of Saturn, 303; of Uranus, 304; condition of Venus, 256; of great planets, 289; Jovian markings, 297; ages of stars, 375; polarising photometer, 420, 421
THE END
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Transcriber's notes:
Original page line Original text left as is (sic) —- ————— ————————————————————————— 072 13 The search for it, through confessedly scarcely 196 24 The first description are tranquil
page line Original text Replaced with —- ————— ———————————- —————————————- 003 footnote 1 xviiie xviii^e (the e is superscript) 009 11 byeways byways 024 46 concentation concentration 043 37 Is appears from It appears from 062 37 appearances seem by him appearances seen by him 072 42 Ecole Militaire Ecole Militaire 082 3 forgotton forgotten 092 footnote 1 11/9647000 1/9647000 (confirmed by looking up reference quoted) 093 7 phenenoma phenomena 100 17 Bredikhin Bredikhine 131 13 identifiying identifying 140 40 terrestial terrestrial 143 25 appearence appearance 149 27 bloodvessel blood vessel 152 12 Angstr[o-umlaut]m Angstrom 169 3 undimished undiminished 171 42 sympton symptom 172 18 familar familiar 173 42 photograpic photographic 182 37 by which i structure by which its structure 199 37 Bredikhine Bredikhine 220 26 stata strata 246 30-31 of its orbit 24 hours of its orbit in 24 hours 53 seconds. 53 seconds 260 13 garden at its seasons garden as its seasons 284 21 throngh through 284 13 oparator operator 376 42 recognised. in a recognised in a 377 footnote 3 applie applied 395 42 the gaseous fields o the gaseous fields of 423 35 relatiouship relationship 434 footnote 2 Optice Optics 436 42 ofter some years after some years 436 footnote 1 (two references given, (split into two footnotes, within a single footnote. and corrected references In the text footnote 1 in the text) used twice) 450 27 1862 Conclusion of a 1872 Conclusion of a 454 40 spectographically spectrographically 454 18 spectographic spectrographic 456 4 Lyrae Lyrae 488 index Wolf, R., sun-spot and Wolf, R., sun-spot and magnetic periodicity, magnetic periodicity, 128, 164, 162; 128, 162, 163;
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