Ellicott, Joseph, resigns as canal commissioner, i. 261.

Elmendorff, Lucas, removed Clinton from mayoralty, i. 231.

Ely, Alfred, in Congress, ii. 339, note; disapproves Weed's compromise, 339, note.

Ely, Smith, nominated for mayor of N.Y., 1876, iii. 346; elected, 350.

Emancipation, opposition to, iii. 17, 18, 34, 37, 76.

Embargo, ordered by Jefferson, i. 163; opposed by the Clintons, 165, 168, 171; by Van Vechten and Cady, 169; defended by German and Sanford, 170-1, 174; repeal of, 179.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, influence of attack on Fort Sumter, iii. 3.

Emmet, Robert, son of Thomas Addis Emmet, i. 357; sent to Assembly 1827, 357; ch'm. Rep. nat. con., 1856, ii. 232; on Seward, 232.

Emmet, Thomas Addis, brother of Robert Emmet, i. 183; his coming to America, 183-4; attorney-general, 213; removed, 213; request in Clinton's behalf, 221; resents Clinton's removal as canal commissioner, 329.

England, cause of trouble with America, i. 2.

English, William H., nominated for Vice President, 1880, iii. 457; defeated, 463.

Equal Rights party, history of, ii. 16.

Erie canal, early views and surveys of, i. 241-3; discouragements, 242; no help from Congress, 243; Tompkins does not favour, 246; opposed by Tammany, 251; supported by Van Buren, 251; bill passed, 251; sentiment in its favour, 252; work on, began, 252; its progress, 253; Tammany's opposition silenced, 261-2; opened between Utica and Rome, 327; Utica and Montezuma, 327; opening of in 1825, 345.

Seward on, ii. 34-5-6; cost of, 1862, 36; policy of enlargement, 49-50; Dems. divided, 52; stop and tax law of 1842, 54; estimated and actual cost of, 60; Seymour's prophecy, 63-4; how affected by constitution of 1846, 107-9; nine million loan unconstitutional, 163; constitution amended, 183; loan of ten and one-half millions, 183-4; boast of Whigs, 188.

Disclosures of fraud, 1867, iii. 174, 182-4; aids defeats of Rep. party, 182; Tilden's message against canal ring, 321; colossal frauds, 322; investigating com. appointed, 323; prosecutions, 323.

Evarts, William M., at Chicago con., 1861, ii. 283; presents Seward's name, 288; moved to make Lincoln's nomination unanimous, 289; witty remark to Curtis, 289; letter to Lincoln, 349, note; candidate for U.S. Senate, 361; career and gifts of, 361-2; work at Chicago, 362; contest for senator, 363-5; forces went to Harris, 363-5, note.

Acts as agent of the President, iii. 7; proposed for gov., 1876, 336; in campaign of 1879, 425; criticised, 425.

Evershed, Thomas, nominated for state eng., 1881, iii. 484; defeated, 486.

Fairchild, Charles S., nominated for atty.-gen., 1874, iii. 326; elected, 331; fine record, 380; opposed for renomination, 380; defeated, 384.

Fairman, Charles G., Elmira Advertiser, a leading Rep. editor, iii. 414.

Farrington, Thomas, defeated for atty.-gen., ii. 92.

Fay, John D., nominated for canal com., 1870, iii. 231; elected, 244.

"Featherhead," title applied to Half-breeds, iii. 482.

Federalists, "high-minded," who composed them, i. 273; oppose Clinton's re-election, 1820, 279; declared Federal party dissolved, 279.

Federalist, The, written largely by Hamilton, i. 32; its influence, 32.

Federalists, The, alarmed at delay of ratification of Federal Constitution, i. 35; reasons for, 35; organisation of party, 38; nominate Yates for gov., 38; counted out, 56; anger of, 59-60; elect Jay gov., 65; re-elect him, 82; lose New York, 1800, 91; indorse Burr for President, 101; refuse to read the Declaration of Independence, 176; support Clinton for President, 1812, 202-8; oppose war of 1812, 219-30; favour a New England confederacy, 227-8; support Clinton for gov., 1817, 247, 252; get no appointments, 255; aid Clinton's choice for speaker, 258; King predicts party split, 259; controlled by Clinton, 267; sons of Hamilton and King declare party dissolved, 279-80.

Fellows, Henry, dishonest treatment of, i. 256.

Fellows, John R., early career, iii. 459; eloquent speaker, 459; follower of Tilden, 459; at Dem. nat. con., 1880, 459; part in spectacular reconciliation, 459.

Fenton, Reuben E., at birth of Rep. party, ii. 211; career and character of, 212; re-elected to Congress, 242.

Character and appearance, iii. 115-6; record and service, 115-6; nominated for gov., 1864, 117; conducts strong campaign, 125; elected, 125; renominated, 1866, 151; opposed by formidable combination, 165; Seward predicted his defeat, 166; elected, 165; acceptability of, 192; aspires to vice presidency, 1868, 192; defeated, 193; candidate for U.S. Senate, 1869, 220; strength and popularity, 220; charged with graft, 221; elected, 222; influence with Grant, 232; relations severed, 232; opposes Murphy's confirmation, 1870, 235; contest with Conkling, 234-5; renewed at Rep. state con., 1870, 235; overconfident, 236; defeated, 236; inactive in campaign, 241; his organisation crushed, 1871, 250-63; its representatives secede from con., 1871, 264; assemble as a separate body, 264; joins Lib. Rep. movement, 283; first to appear at nat. con., 283; organises for Greeley's nomination, 283; attended Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, 296; on com. to confer with Dems., 296; ready to support Church for gov., 1874, 312.

Field, David D., a Barnburner, ii. 131; at Utica con., 131; family of, 244; code of civil procedure, 244; candidate for U.S. Senate, 244; defeated, 244; delegate to peace congress, 350; on com. on res., 358; opposed change in constitution, 359; controversy over, 359.

Support for U.S. Senate, 1863, iii. 55; prefers another candidate than Lincoln for President, 104.

Field, Maunsell B., Chase desires him for asst. U.S. treas., iii. 95; leads to Chase's resignation, 96.

Fillmore, Millard, youth and career of, i. 371; a Weed lieutenant, 372; less faithful than Seward to Weed, 379.

Defeated for U.S. Senate, ii. 38; nominated for gov., 1844, 79-80; compared with Wright, 80-1; confident of election, 88; defeated, 89; elected state comp., 127; nominated for Vice President, 1848, 137-8; elected, 143; breaks with Weed, 148; becomes President, 151; approves the fugitive slave law, 151-2; opposes Seward's indorsement, 153; Fish on, 166; not nominated for President, 166-8; career after defeat, 168-9; nominated for President by Americans, 238; indorsed by old-line Whigs, 238; condemned Rep. party, 238; defeated, 242; helped Buchanan's election, 242; criticised by Southern press, iii. 10.

Financial crisis, cause of, 1837, ii. 16-20.

Finch, Francis M., nominated judge of Court of Appeals, 1881, iii. 485; elected, 486.

Fish, Hamilton, nominated for lt.-gov., 1846, ii. 118; defeated, 120; elected lt.-gov., 1847, 128; nominated for gov., 1848, 139; popularity of, 139; career of, 140; elected gov., 144; elected U.S. senator, 162; on Fillmore, 166; relations with Conkling, 243; not returned to U.S. Senate, 243; approves Weed's compromise, 338; attends Saratoga con., 1866, iii. 144.

Fish, Nicholas, nominated for lt.-gov., i. 173; father of Hamilton Fish, 173; character of, 173; popularity of, 185; defeated for lt.-gov., 185.

Fitch, Charles E., editor of Rochester Democrat-Chronicle, iii. 376; character as a writer, 376; deprecates Conkling's attack on Curtis, 376; Conkling's retort, 376; a leading Rep. editor, 414.

Flagg, Azariah, member of Albany Regency, i. 294; member of Assembly, 325; career and character of, 326; appearance, 326; opposes election of presidential electors, 326; insists on Yates' renomination, 326.

Comp. of state, ii. 52; leader of Radicals, 58; against Seymour for speaker, 90; re-elected comp., 92.

Flower, Roswell P., presented for gov., 1882, iii. 488; early career, 488-9; supported by anti-Tilden leaders, 489; distrusted by Manning, 489; associated with Jay Gould, 489; contest with Slocum, 491; defeated, 496.

Folger, Charles G., character of, iii. 77; approves emancipation, 77; favours postponing Rep. nat. con., 1864, 88; aspires to the U.S. Senate, 1867, 166; nominated for chief judge of Court of Appeals, 1880, 460; elected, 463; appointed sec. of treas., 1881, 486; nominated for gov., 1882, 494; bad methods used, 495; not suspected of complicity, 496; advised to decline, 496; dissuaded by Stalwarts, 496; pathetic appeal, 497; pure and useful life crushed by defeat, 498.

Foote, Ebenezer, resents methods of Council, i. 120-1; character of, 120; Ambrose Spencer on, 120.

Ford, Elijah, nominated for lt.-gov. by the Hards, ii. 203; ran ahead of ticket, 203.

Forrest, David P., nominated for prison insp., 1864, iii. 117; elected, 125.

Fort Niagara, captured by British, i. 224; Morgan left in magazine of, 359.

Fort, Daniel G., nominated for state treas., 1873, iii. 308; defeated, 309.

Fort Sumter, relief of, iii. 1; bombardment, 2; surrender of, 3.

Foster, Henry A., character of, ii. 53; leading conservative, 59; president of State Senate, 59; formidable in debate, 63.

Foster, John W., opinion of Jay's treaty of 1795, i. 67.

Foster, William Edward, Buffalo Commercial, a leading Rep. editor, iii. 414.

Fowler, Isaac V., defalcation as postmaster, ii. 352, note.

Fowler, John Walker, brother of Isaac V., absconds with trust funds, ii. 352, note.

France, threatens war, i. 81-2; preparations to resist by the United States, 83-4.

Francis, John M., Troy Times, a leading Rep. editor, iii. 414.

Franklin, Walter, father of DeWitt Clinton's wife, i. 183.

Free-soil Movement, principles proclaimed, ii. 127; see Barnburners.

Fremont, John C., nominated for President, ii. 228-9; defeated, 241; nominated for President at Cleveland con., 1864, iii. 92; withdraws, 120.

French, Stephen B., a friend of Arthur, iii. 493; efforts to defeat Cornell's renomination, 493; obtains proxy by unmoral methods, 493, note; principal cause of Folger's defeat, 498.

Fry, James B., account of New York draft-riot, iii. 69; influence of Seymour, 69; dilatoriness of Seymour, 70; draft completed, 71.

Frye, William P., U.S. senator from Maine, iii. 471; on Robertson's appointment, 471; on Conkling's resignation, 478, note.

Fuller, Philo C., career and character of, i. 371; a Weed lieutenant, 371; clerk in Wadsworth's office, 371.

Fulton, Robert, history of steam navigation, i. 74-7; associated with R.R. Livingston, 77.

Furman, Gabriel, nominated for lt.-gov., 1842, ii. 52; character of, 52; defeated, 55.

Fusion ticket, 1860, ii. 331-2; money given for it, 332-3.

Gallagher, Frank B., nominated for prison insp., 1866, iii. 159; defeated, 165.

Ganson, John, delegate to Dem. nat. con., 1864, iii. 108.

Gardiner, Addison, nominated for lt.-gov., ii. 78; career and character of, 78, 233; Weed's friendship for, 78; elected, 89; renominated for lt.-gov., 116; elected, 120; on Court of Appeals, 128; gave way to Parker for gov., 233-4.

Garfield, James A., nominated for President, 1880, iii. 441; ignored by Nast, 461; brands "Morey letter" a forgery, 462; elected, 463; invites Conkling to Mentor, 1881, 468; nominates five Stalwarts, 469; also Robertson for collector, Mar. 23, 469; reports and theories, 469-71; efforts to defeat it, 473-6; resignation of Conkling and Platt, May 13, 476; assassin's act, July 2, 480; death deplored, 485.

Garrison, Cornelius K., delegate to seceding states, ii. 351-2.

Garrison, William Lloyd, meets Lundy, ii. 5; early career of, 5-10.

Gates, Theodore B., nominated for state treas., 1867, iii. 174; defeated, 188.

German, Obadiah, leader of Assembly, i. 149; charges Purdy with bribery, 149, 190; gifts and character of, 170; defends embargo, 170, 174; career of, 170; in U.S. Senate, 170; supports Clinton for President, 202; becomes speaker, 258-9; resents attacks on Clinton, 266; manner of speaking, 266.

Gerrymander of legislature, iii. 397-8.

Gettysburg, battle of, iii. 66; Seymour sends troops, 66.

Godkin, E.L., a vice president of Lib. Rep. meeting, iii. 282; opposes Greeley's nomination and supports Grant, 286.

Godwin, Parke, presents platform to Rep. state con., 1862, iii. 45; preferred Lincoln's withdrawal, 1864, 104; a vice president at Lib. Rep. meeting, 1872, 282; opposes Greeley's nomination, 286; supports Grant, 286.

Goodsell, J. Platt, nominated for State eng., 1865, iii. 130; elected, 135.

Gould, Jay, bondsman for Tweed, iii. 247; aids in Cornell's defeat, 1882, 493.

Governor, candidates for, George Clinton, 1777, i. 21; 1780, 1783, 1786, 37; 1789, 44; 1792, 50; 1801, 115; Robert Yates, 1789, 38; 1795, 64; John Jay, 1792, 50; 1795, 64; 1798, 82; Stephen Van Rensselaer, 1801, 115; Aaron Burr, 1804, 131; Morgan Lewis, 1804, 136; 1807, 161; Daniel D. Tompkins, 1807, 155; 1810, 173; 1813, 223; 1816, 236; 1820, 274; Jonas Platt, 1810, 173; Stephen Van Rensselaer, 1813, 213; Rufus King, 1816, 236; DeWitt Clinton, 1817, 250; 1820, 279; 1824, 330; 1826, 350; Peter B. Porter, 1817, 251; Joseph G. Yates, 1822, 312; Solomon Southwick, 1822, 316; 1828, 364; Samuel Young 1824, 327; William B. Rochester, 1826, 350; Martin Van Buren, 1828, 364; Smith Thompson, 1828, 362; Enos T. Throop, 1830, 376; Francis Granger, 1830, 376; 1832, 393; William L. Marcy, 1832, 394; 1834, 403.

William L. Marcy, 1836, ii. 11; 1838, 22; William H. Seward, 1834, i. 402; 1838, ii. 19; 1840, 42; Jesse Buel, 1836, 12; William C. Bouck, 1840, 54; 1842, 54; Luther Bradish, 1842, 51; Silas Wright, 1844, 78; 1846, 115; Millard Fillmore, 1844, 79; Alvan Stewart, 1844, 82; John Young, 1846, 118; Hamilton Fish, 1848, 139; John A. Dix, 1848, 133; Reuben H. Walworth, 1848, 134; William L. Chaplin, 1850, 156; Horatio Seymour, 1850, 156; 1852, 172; 1854, 197; Washington Hunt, 1850, 154; 1852, 173; Myron H. Clark, 1854, 199; Greene C. Bronson, 1854, 196; Daniel Ullman, 1854, 202; Amasa J. Parker, 1856, 232; 1858, 249; Erastus Brooks, 1856, 238; John A. King, 1856, 236; Edwin D. Morgan, 1858, 248; 1860, 328; Lorenzo Burrows, 1858, 249; William Kelley, 1860, 326; James T. Brady, 1860, 325.

Horatio Seymour, Dem., 1862, iii. 38; James S. Wadsworth, Rep., 1862, 45; Horatio Seymour, Dem., 1864, 117; Reuben E. Fenton, Rep., 1864, 116; Reuben E. Fenton, Rep., 1866, 150; John T. Hoffman, Dem., 1866, 159; John T. Hoffman, Dem., 1868, 206; John A. Griswold, Rep., 1868, 195; John T. Hoffman, Dem., 1870, 230; Stewart L. Woodford, Rep., 1870, 238; John A. Dix, Rep., 1872, 293; Francis Kernan, Dem., 1872, 297; Samuel J. Tilden, Dem., 1874, 313; John A. Dix, Rep., 1874, 315; Myron H. Clark, Pro., 1874, 316; Lucius Robinson, Dem., 1876, 346; Edwin D. Morgan, Rep., 1876, 338; Richard M. Griffin, Greenback, 1876, 346; Albert J. Groo, Pro., 1876, 346; Harris Lewis, Nat., 1879, 412; John W. Mears, Pro., 1879, 412; Alonzo B. Cornell, Rep., 1879, 416; Lucius Robinson, Dem., 1879, 424; John Kelly, Tam., 1879, 424; Grover Cleveland, Dem., 1882, 491; Charles J. Folger, Rep., 1882, 494.

Governor, stepping stone to President, i. 80; compared with United States senator, 364.

Governor, powers under Constitution of 1777, i. 10.

Governors, names and service of, George Clinton, 1777-95, i. 21, 37, 44; John Jay, 1795-1801, 64, 82; George Clinton, 1801-4, 60, 115; Morgan Lewis, 1804-7, 136, 161; Daniel D. Tompkins, 1807-17, 155, 173, 223, 236; DeWitt Clinton, 1817-23, 250, 279; Joseph G. Yates, 1823-5, 312; DeWitt Clinton, 1825-8, 330-350; Nathaniel Pitcher (acting), 1828-9, 366; Martin Van Buren, 1829, 364; Enos T. Throop, 1829-33, 366, 376; William L. Marcy, 1833-9, 394, 403.

William L. Marcy, ii. 11; William H. Seward, 1839-43, 19, 42; William C. Bouck, 1843-5, 54; Silas Wright, 1845-7, 78; John Young, 1847-9, 118; Hamilton Fish, 1849-51, 139; Washington Hunt, 1851-3, 154; Horatio Seymour, 1853-5, 172; Myron H. Clark, 1855-7, 199; John A. King, 1857-9, 236; Edwin D. Morgan, 1859-63, 248, 328.

Horatio Seymour, 1863-5, iii. 38; Reuben E. Fenton, 1865-9, 116, 151; John T. Hoffman, 1869-1873, 205-7, 230-1; John A. Dix, 1873-5, 293; Samuel J. Tilden, 1875-7, 313; Lucius Robinson, 1877-9, 345-6; Alonzo B. Cornell, 1880-3, 412-8; Grover Cleveland, 1883-5, 488-91.

Grace, William Russell, character of, iii. 460; nominated for mayor of N.Y., 461; elected, 463.

Graham, Theodore V.W., removed as recorder, i. 179.

Granger, Francis, nominated for Assembly, i. 358; Weed on, 361; Seward on, 361, note; career of, 361; opponent of John C. Spencer, 361; dress, appearance, and manners of, 361, and note; defeated for nomination for gov., 368; nominated lt.-gov., 368; defeated, 368; nominated for gov. by Anti-Masons, 1830, 376; indorsed by Nat. Reps., 376; a great mistake, 377; defeated, 377; nominated for gov., 1832, 393; reason for defeat, 396; elected to Congress, 1834, 402, 404; Seward on, 404.

Defeated for nomination for gov., 1838, ii. 19-21; continued in Congress, 47; postmaster-general, 154; left Congress, 1843, 154; in Utica con., 153; ally of Fillmore, 154; leads Silver-Grays' secession, 155; delegate to peace congress, 350; friendship with Weed renewed, 350.

Granger, Gideon, member of Madison cabinet, i. 202; supports DeWitt Clinton for President, 202; character and career of, 202; father of Francis, 360.

Grant, Ulysses S., favoured for President, 1864, iii. 93; gives no encouragement, 93; favours Lincoln's election, 120; reports upon Southern sentiment, 1865, 136; unpopularity with radical Reps., 190; quarrels with Johnson, 191; taken up by Reps., 191; endorsed by Rep. state con. 1868, 191; nominated for President, 192; elected, 215; fails to carry New York, 215; evidences of fraud in election, 215-8; adm. criticised, 276-81; renominated, 1872, 292; elected, 302; severely criticised, 317; talk of a third term, 1874, 317; his letter ends it, 1875, 329; renewed on his return from abroad, 428; an active candidate, 428; gets fifty votes from N.Y., 441; defeated, 442; the faithful, 306, 442.

Graves, Ezra, nominated for prison insp., 1872, iii. 296; elected, 302; renominated, 1874, 315; defeated, 319.

Gray, David, Buffalo Courier, a leading Dem. editor, iii. 420.

Greeley, Horace, edits the Jeffersonian, ii. 26; early career of, 26; came to N.Y., 1821, 26; political conditions, 27; first meeting with Weed, 28; gifts of, 29; relations with Weed, 32; failed of election to constitutional con., 1846, 105; chafes under Weed's control, 116; elected to Congress, 1848, 138; assails Castle Garden meeting, 157; at Anti-Nebraska con., 194; wants to be gov., 198; appeals to Weed, 198, note; offended at Raymond's nomination, 199, 200; favoured a Rep. party, 1854, 200; at birth of Rep. party, 1855, 213; active in 1856, 240; favours Douglas for U.S. senator, 247; dislike of Seward, 247; at Chicago con., 286; Seward and Weed think him faithful, 284, note, 286, note; for Bates for President, 287; jubilant over Seward's defeat, 289-90; reply to Raymond, 308-9; demands his letter of 1854, 310; publishes it, 311-17; character of campaign, 1860, 332; peaceable secession, 335-6; "no compromise" theory, 343; defeated for U.S. Senate, 363-5, note; reasons for, 365, note; Tribune on, 366; persistent office-seeker, 366; charges Seward with favouring Weed's compromise, 380, 382; criticised Seward's appointments, 399; as to Dickinson, 398, 401; relations with Lincoln not cordial, 402-3.

On Scott's insincerity, iii. 11, note; heads radical anti-slavery sentiment, 14; prayer of twenty millions, 35; his force, 36; contest with Bennett, 36; favours Wadsworth, 44; ambition for U.S. Senate, 1863, 54; tries to defeat Morgan, 56; Seymour's complicity in draft-riot, 69; at Rep. state con., 1863, 75; qualities as a party leader, 75, note; susceptible to flattery, 75, note; favours postponing Rep. nat. con., 1864, 89; preferred Chase, Fremont, or Grant to Lincoln, 89; failure of his leadership, 91, note; yearns for peace, 1864, 102; visits Confederates at Niagara Falls, 102; authority from Lincoln, 102; encourages substitution of another candidate for Lincoln, 104; nominated for elector-at-large, 117; elected, 125; yields to an offer of office, 126; favours negro suffrage, 128; lion of Rep. state con., 1866, 150; aspires to U.S. Senate, 1867, 166; wants to be gov., 1868, 193; way seems to be open, 194; great applause when presented, 195; received small vote, 195; reasons for it, 196; named for state comp., 1869, 226; defeated, 227; wants to be gov., 1870, 237; opposed as in 1868, 237; reasons for defeat, 238; laments removal of Fenton men, 250; resents efforts to crush his machine, 1871, 251-6; attacks Conkling, 257; replies to Conkling's con. speech, 263-4; his organisation defeated, 263; reasons for joining Lib. Reps., 281-2; suggested for President, 1872, 283; opposition to, 283; writes platform of party, 284; nominated, 285; endorsed by Dems., 289; defeated, 302; pathetic ending of his life, 303; buried like a conqueror, 304.

Green, Andrew H., appointed deputy city comp., iii. 247; estimate of Tweed Ring's plunder, 248.

Green, Beriah, early abolitionist, ii. 7.

Green, George C., del. to Kelly's state con., 1880, and named as del.-at-large to Dem. nat. con., iii. 452; refused admission, 457; part in spectacular reconciliation, 458.

Greenback Party, organization of, 1876, iii. 346; meet at Syracuse, 346; second con., 1876, 346; con. of, 1877, 384; smallness of its vote, 389; united with labor reform party, 389; issues call for a Nat. con., 389; see Nat. Green.-Lab. Reform party.

Greenback Labour party, state con., Albany, 1882, iii. 487.

Griffin, Richard M., nominated for gov., 1876, iii. 346; defeated, 350.

Grinnell, Moses H., at Anti-Nebraska con., ii. 194; declined nomination for gov., 1856, 234; career and character of, 234-5; approves Weed's compromise, 338.

Acts as agent of the President, iii. 7; urges Lincoln's renomination, 88; secedes from Rep. state con., 1871, 264; meets with a separate body, 264.

Griswold, John A., elected to Congress, iii. 125; character and services of, 125; changes his party, 126; nominated for gov., 1868, 193; defeated, 215; evidences of fraud in election, 215-8; declines to oppose Morgan for U.S. Senate, 220.

Groesbeck, William S., candidate in opposition to Greeley, 1872, iii. 289.

Groo, Albert J., nominated for gov., 1876, iii. 346; defeated, 350.

Gross, Ezra C., gifts of, i. 358; eloquence of, 358; death of, 358.

Grover, Martin, nominated for judge court of Appeals, 1865, iii. 129; defeated, 135; renominated, 1867, 179; elected, 187.

Gumbleton, Henry A., clerk of N.Y. county, iii. 418; removed from office, 418.

Habeas corpus, suspension of, iii. 16, 24, 27, 58.

Hagner, Henry, nominated for sec. of state, 1877, iii. 384; defeated, 387.

Haight, Jacob, treas. of state, ii. 36.

Hale, Daniel, removed as sec. of state, i. 179.

Hale, Matthew, bitterly opposed third-term, iii. 429.

"Half-breeds," title of faction in Rep. party, 1880, iii. 437.

Hall, A. Oakey, known as "elegant Oakey," iii. 177; "without ballast," 177; good speaker, 177; versifier, 177; tortuous political career, 177; succeeds Hoffman as mayor, 177; tried and not convicted, 247, note; served his term as mayor, 247.

Hall, Willis, atty.-gen., ii. 36; character of, 37.

Halleck, Fitz-Greene, Tam. song, i. 182.

Hamilton, early life of, i. 3; speech at age of seventeen, 3; compared with William Pitt, 3; association with Washington, 25; at Yorktown, 26; Washington on, 26; admitted to the bar, 26; defends Tories, 26; opposes Clinton, 26; collection of duties by Congress, 27-8; at Annapolis, 29; revision of Articles of Confederation, 29; reasons for Clinton's opposition, 29; del. to amend Articles, 29; his plan, 31; supports Madison's plan, 31; signs Federal Constitution, 31; Clinton reproves him, 31; ratification of Constitution, 31; eloquence and influence of, 31-6; fear of disunion, 35; hears from Virginia and New Hampshire, 35; criticism of Clinton, 36; on Robert Yates for gov., 38-40; failure of coalition, 44; control of Federal patronage, 44; sec. of the treasury, 44; first meeting with Burr, 45; opinion of Washington, 46; legend as to Burr and, 46; opposed by R.R. Livingston, 48; reasons for it, 48; defeat of Schuyler, 49; Jay's nomination for gov., 50; assumption of state debts, 53; Jay's renomination for gov., 65; Jay's treaty with England, 65-6; assaulted by a mob, 65; election of Apr., 1800, 90; Alien-Sedition laws, 90; meets Burr at the polls, 91; courtesy of, 91; style of oratory, 91; Root's opinion of, 91; party defeated, 91; election of presidential electors, 92; breaks with Adams, 94; reason for, 94; ugly letter opposing Adams, 96; prefers Jefferson to Adams, 96; great mistake, 97; urges Federalists to oppose Burr, 99-101; hoped DeWitt Clinton would become a Federalist, 108; earnings as a lawyer, 132; Spencer's estimate of, 132; Root's estimate of, 132; argues Croswell case, 132; Kent's opinion of, 132-3; prefers Lansing to Burr, 133-5; Burr, a leader of secession, 134; disapproves disunion, 134; Lansing's withdrawal, 136; Burr's challenge, 139-40; an imperious custom, 140-1; his defence for fighting, 141; duel and death, 142-3; profound sorrow, 143; his career had he lived, 143; charters United States Bank, 186.

Hammond, John, nominated for prison insp., 1866, iii. 152; elected, 165.

Hammond, John M., nominated for canal com., 1867, iii. 174; defeated, 188.

Hampton, Wade, in command at Plattsburgh, i. 224; character and fitness of, 224; failure of, 224; resigns, 224.

Hancock, Winfield S., aspires to be President, iii. 197; his training, 197; nominated for President, 1880, 457; defeated, 463.

Hards, name of Dem. faction, ii. 185; successors to the Hunkers, 185; why so called, 185; ticket defeated, 1853, 189; repeal of the Missouri Compromise, 195; nominate Bronson for gov., 196; defeated, 203; refused to rejoin Softs, 209; stand with South, 210; welcomed at Nat. con., 226-8; unite with Softs, 232; hold a separate state con., 324; Brady nominated for gov., 325; defeated, 333.

Hard times of 1837, cause and result of, ii. 16-20; Van Buren's statesmanship, 41.

Harris, Ira, career and character of, ii. 117, 390; on Supreme Court, 117; in Assembly, 117; in constitutional con., 1846, 117; supported Young for gov., 118; elected U.S. senator, 365; appearance and ability of, 390; associates of, 390; with Sumner and Collamer, 390; question of patronage, 390, 396.

Sustains Seward, iii. 84; seeks re-election to U.S. Senate, 1867, 166; wise and safe legislator, 166; Lincoln's joke, 166; defeated by Conkling, 171; resents removal of Sumner, 278.

Harrison, Richard, member of Poughkeepsie con., i. 33; U.S. atty., 44; ability of, 44.

Harrison, William Henry, candidate of northern Whigs, 1836, ii. 11; nominated for President, 1840, 40; elected, 45.

Hart, Ephraim, friend of DeWitt Clinton, i. 261; defeated for canal com., 261.

Harvard University, Rufus King a graduate of, i. 270.

Haskin, John B., in Congress, ii. 339, note; disapproves Weed's compromise, 339, note; del. to Kelly's state con., 1880, iii. 451; proposes plank on Tilden, 452.

Hatch, Roswell D., member of Com. of Seventy, iii. 268; activity in reform, 1871, 268.

Havermeyer, Henry, dispatches to, sent by Marble, 1876, iii. 350.

Havermeyer, William F., served two terms as mayor, iii. 299; character of, 299; renominated, 1872, 299; elected, 302; death, 314; a good record, 318.

Hawley, Gideon, state supt. of schools, i. 288; record of, 288; dismissal of, 288.

Hayes, Rutherford B., nominated for President, 1876, iii. 334; letter of acceptance, 344; declared elected, 350; efforts to reform civil service, 360; opposition, 361; advocates hard money, 391; nominates successors to Arthur and Cornell, 1877, 399; reasons for, 399, 402; Conkling's criticism of, 402-3; appointees defeated, 404-5; suspends Arthur and Cornell, 1878, 406; reason for, 406; their successors confirmed, 409.

Headley, Joel T., career and character of, ii. 215; writer of biography, 215; nominated for sec. of state, 215; elected, 218.

Heenan, John C., "the Benicia Boy," ii. 257; backs Wood in his capture of state con., 257.

Henry, John V., removed from comptrollership, i. 117; resents methods of Council, 119; character of, 119.

Hepburn, A. Barton, nominated for congressman-at-large, 1882, iii. 494; declined to accept, 495.

Hewitt, Abram S., ch'm. Dem. nat. con., 1876, iii. 349; management of, 349; informs Tilden of Electoral Com., 354; relied upon Davis being fifth judge, 356; uses "Morey letter," 1880, with great force, 462; an organiser of the County Democracy, 484.

Higgins, Frank W., promoted from lt.-gov. to gov., i. 180.

Hildreth, Matthias B., appointed atty.-gen., i. 179; death of, 213.

Hill, David B., promoted from lt.-gov. to gov., i. 180; ch'm. state con., 1877, iii. 380; early career, 381; character and ability, 381; aids Tilden, 381; hesitates to rule against Kelly, 382; in con., 1879, 420; elected lt.-gov., 1882, 498.

Hill, Nicholas, ability of, ii. 390.

Hillhouse, Thomas, nominated for state comp., 1865, iii. 130; elected, 135; renominated, 1867, 187; defeated, 187; renominated, 1869, 225; withdraws from ticket, 225.

Hiscock, Frank, attended Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, iii. 296; on com. to confer with Dems., 296; suggested for gov., 1879, 414; early career and character, 415.

Hitchman, William, elected speaker of Assembly, 1869, iii. 224; controlled by Tweed, 224; re-elected, 1870, 228.

Hoadley, George, joins Lib. Rep. movement, iii. 283; opposes Greeley's nomination, 283.

Hobart, John Sloss, member first constitutional con., i. 5; judge Supreme Court, 16; at Hartford con., 28; member Poughkeepsie con., 33; retired from Supreme Court, 68; elected to U.S. Senate, 70.

Hoffman, James O., recorder of N.Y., i. 179.

Hoffman, John T., life and character of, iii. 156, 157, 164; offices held, 157, 177; nominated for gov., 1866, 159; active in campaign, 164; makes good impression, 164; loyalty impeached, 164; defeated, 165; ch'm. Dem. state con., 1867, 179; favours U.S. bonds paid in gold, 180; receives complimentary votes for President, 1868, 198; nominated for gov., 1868, 205; Nast's cartoons, 210; proclamation as mayor, 1868, 214; elected, 215; evidence of fraud, 215-8; approves Tweed charter, 229; also Erie railroad legislation, 230; appoints Tweed judges to general term, 230; criticised severely, 230; renominated, 1870, 231; Nast's cartoon on repeaters, 242; attacks resented, 243; elected, 244; del.-at-large to Dem. nat. con., 1872, 287; declines to be candidate for gov., 1872, 297; con. approves his administration, 298; in retirement, 299; death, 299.

Hoffman, Josiah Ogden, leads Federalists, i. 61; removed as atty.-gen., 117.

Hoffman, Michael, leading Radical, ii. 52; career and character of, 52-3; defeated for speaker, 59; power in debate, 63; constitutional con., 1846, 97-9; in constitutional con., 103; state indebtedness, 107-9; Weed on, 108.

Hoffman, Ogden, son of Josiah Ogden Hoffman, i. 357; eloquence of, 357; sent to Assembly, 358; criminal lawyer, 358; nominated for atty.-gen., ii. 187; gifts of, 188; Greeley on, 188.

Holley, Orville L., surveyor-general, ii. 18, 36.

Hopkins, Nelson K., nominated for state comp., 1871, iii. 264; elected, 275; renominated, 1873, 308; endorsed by Liberals, 309; elected, 309.

Hoskins, George G., nominated for lt.-gov., 1879, iii. 416; elected, 427.

Howe, Epenetus, nominated for gov., 1882, iii. 487; defeated, 498.

Howland, Joseph, nominated for state treas., 1865, iii. 130; elected, 135.

Hoyt, Stephen T., nominated for canal com., 1866, iii. 152; elected, 165; renominated, 1869, 226; defeated, 227.

Hubbard, Ruggles, member of Council, i. 231; attachment for Clinton, 234; character of, 235.

Hudson River Valley, attracts New Englanders, i. 81.

Hughes, Charles, nominated for clerk of Court of Appeals, 1862, iii. 45, note; defeated, 51.

Hulburd, Calvin T., nominated for state comp., 1867, iii. 174; defeated, 188.

Humphrey, James, congressman, ii. 338, note; attacks Weed's compromise, 338, note.

Hunkers, Democratic faction so called, ii. 126; leaders of, 126-7; Barnburners secede from, 127; lose the state, 1847, 127; 1848, 143; Seymour unites them with Barnburners, 149; nominate Seymour for gov., 1850, 156; defeated, 158; support Dickinson for President, 1852, 169-72; support Pierce and Seymour, 1852, 169-78; secede from Barnburners, 1853, 180-5; nominate separate ticket, 183; approve canal constitutional amendment, 183; called Hardshells or Hards, 185; see Hards.

Hunt, Alvah, elected state treas., ii. 127-8.

Hunt, Ward, candidate for U.S. Senate, ii. 244; brilliant career of, 244.

Supported for U.S. Senate, 1863, iii. 55; character of, 73; speech at Rep. state con., 1863, 73; nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1865, 130; elected, 135.

Hunt, Washington, on Clay's Alabama letter, ii. 88; elected state comp., 150; nominated for gov., 1850, 154; endorsed by Silver-Grays, 156; elected, 158; calls extra session of legislature, 163; renominated for gov., 173; inclined to Fillmore, 173; defeated, 178; favours union of Rep. and American parties, 249; president of Constitutional Union party, 326; fuses party with Softs, 326; criticised by Greeley, 326-7; impaired value of fusion, 327; declares intention, 327.

Manager, of Cons. Union con., 1863, iii. 79, note; del. to Dem. nat. con., 1864, 110; demands armistice and con. of states, 110; candidate for elector-at-large, 1864, 120; defeated, 125.

Huntington, George, nominated for lt.-gov., i. 213.

Husted, James W., character and ability, iii. 258; choice of his party for speaker of Assembly, 258; nominated for state treas., 1881, 485; defeated, 486.

Hutchins, Waldo M., visits Lincoln for Greeley, iii. 126, note; head of Fenton machine, 220; at Rep. state con., 1871, 259; joins Lib. Rep. party, 283; organises Nat. con. for Greeley's nomination, 283; attended Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, 296; on com. to confer with Dems., 296; name presented for gov., 1882, 488, note.

Hyer, Tom, noted pugilist, ii. 281; at Chicago con. for Seward, 281; leads street parade, 281; fails to get into Wigwam, 288.

Independence, not thought of, 1774, i. 2.

"Infected district," of anti-Masonry, western half of state, i. 360.

Ingersoll, Charles Jared, statement of, after war of 1812, i. 230; on annexation of Texas, ii. 67.

Irving Hall Democracy, organised by Morrissey, 1874, iii. 331; its ticket elected, 1875, 331; dels. yield to Tam., 1879, 421; seated after Kelly's bolt, 423; fooled by Tam. in candidate for mayor, 1880, 460-1; unites with Tam. and County Democracy, 1882, 498; local ticket elected, 499.

Irving, Peter, publisher of N.Y. Chronicle, i. 123; supports Burr, 123, 152.

Ives, Benoni J., nominated for prison insp., 1874, iii. 325; defeated, 331.

Jackson, Andrew, battle of New Orleans, i. 229; favoured by Clinton for President, 334-6; eulogises Clinton, 336; likeness to Clinton, 336; Van Buren joins Clinton in support of, 346; popularity of, 358; a Free Mason, 361; offer to United States Bank, 1832, 393; refused by Clay and Webster, 393; vetoed its charter, 393; the issue, 1832, 393; elected, 368; makes Van Buren sec. of state, 383; appoints Van Buren to England, 387; compels Van Buren's nomination for Vice President, 391.

Compels Van Buren's nomination for President, ii. 4, 5; confidence in Van Buren, 1844, 69.

Jackson, James, nominated for canal com., 1873, iii. 308; elected, 309.

Jacobs, John C., senator from Kings county, iii. 421; ch'm. Dem. con., 1879, 421; named for gov., 422; declines, 422; candidate for U.S. Senate, 1881, 482; withdraws, 482.

James, Amaziah B., at peace congress, ii. 350; patriotism of, 359.

James, Thomas L., appointed postmaster-general, 1881, iii. 468; confirmed, 468; tries to compromise Robertson's appointment, 472.

Jay, John, in first constitutional con., i. 5; appointed to draft a state constitution, 6; age, 6; family of, 6; marriage of, 6; Committee of Fifty-one, 6; del. to first Continental Congress, 7; author of famous papers, 7; Jefferson on, 7; drafts constitution, 7; proposed Council of Appointment, 12; account of, 11, note; abolition of slavery, 14; withdraws from con., 14; chief justice of State Supreme Court, 16; suggested for gov., 17; proposed Schuyler and Clinton for gov. and lt.-gov., 20; extreme modesty of, 20; defeated for del. to constitutional con. of 1787, 30; member of Poughkeepsie con., 33; mentioned for gov., 37; chief justice U.S. Supreme Court, 44; nominated for gov., 1792, 50; previous refusals, 51; career and character of, 51; buzz of presidential bee, 51; denounced as an aristocrat, 53; campaign abuse, 53-4; opposed by the Livingstons, 55; counted out, 56; anger of Federalists, 59-60; dignified conduct, 60; renominated for gov., 64; elected, 65; treaty with England, 65; opposition to, 65; burned in effigy, 65; first term as gov., 67; dodges the slavery question, 68; appoints Kent and Radcliff to Supreme Court, 68; opposed for re-election by Livingston, 78; re-elected, 82; approves Alien-Sedition laws, 85; Hamilton's plan for electing Presidential electors, 92; opposes DeWitt Clinton, 110; refuses to reconvene Council of Appointment, 110; fails to recommend abolition of slavery, 111; close of career, 111-14; character of, 112; crowning act of his life, 112; Canada in peace treaty of 1783, 112-3; declines reappointment as chief justice of U.S., 114; retires to his farm, 115; favours DeWitt Clinton for President, 203-5.

Jay, Peter A., eldest son of John Jay, i. 273; recorder of New York City, 273; a thrust at high-minded Federalists, 273; removed from office, 287.

Jefferson, Thomas, compliments Jay, i. 101; opinion of Burr, 105; swift removals from office, 120; rewards the Livingstons, 121; acts with Clinton in crushing Burr, 121; opposed Burr, 1804, 137; on Chesapeake affair, 163; orders embargo, 163; repeals it, 179; opinion of Stephen Van Rensselaer, 214; on Erie canal, 244.

Jenkins, Elisha, reappointed sec. of state, i. 179.

Jenkins, Timothy, career of, ii. 247; ambitious to be gov., 1858, 247.

Jennings, Lewis J., N.Y. Times, a leading Rep. editor, iii. 414.

Johnson, Alexander S., nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1874, iii. 315; defeated, 319.

Johnson, Andrew, becomes President, 1865, iii. 127; plan of reconstruction, 127; rejects negro suffrage, 128; endorsed by Dems., 1865, 128; and by Reps., 132; influence of Weed and Raymond, 131-2; radical Reps. hostile, 136; Stevens opposes his policy, 137; Raymond replies, 137; defeated, 141; vetoes civil rights bill, 141; bad traits, 142; ill-tempered speech, 142; Civil Rights bill passed over veto, 142; favours Philadelphia con., 1866, 142; swing around the circle, 148; removal of Rep. officials, 162; his party defeated, 166; Dems. drop him, 182; impeachment of, 190; candidate for President at Dem. nat. con., 197.

Johnson, William S., opposes Seward, ii. 147.

Johnston, Joseph E., at battle of Bull Run, iii. 12.

Jones, David R. Floyd, nominated for sec. of state, 1861, iii. 21, note; defeated, 29; candidate for lt.-gov., 1862, 41, note; elected, 51; renominated, 1864, 120; defeated, 125.

Jones, George, of N.Y. Times, iii. 95; approves Raymond's support of Johnson, 95; rejects Tweed's enormous bribe, 246.

Jones, Henry, nominated for clerk of Court of Appeals, 1865, iii. 130; elected, 135.

Jones, Samuel, member of Poughkeepsie con., i. 33; supports Clinton for gov., 1789, 43; Kent on, 43, note; first state comp., 70.

Jones, Samuel, son of the preceding, i. 347; appointed chancellor, 347.

Jordan, Ambrose L., in constitutional con., 1846, ii. 109; on elective judiciary, 110; gifts of, 110; atty.-gen., 128.

Junio, John J., nominated for sec. of state, 1877, iii. 384; defeated, 387.

Kansas, efforts in behalf of slavery, ii. 208; rifles from the North, 222; border ruffians withdraw, 223; Seward's bill to admit as State, 223; more hostilities, 223; Beecher's Bibles, 224; against Lecompton constitution, 246; action of free-state men, 262; Wyandotte constitution, 262.

Kaufman, Sigmund, nominated for lt.-gov., 1870, iii. 238; defeated, 244.

Kelley, William, nominated for gov. by Softs, 1860, ii. 326; career and character of, 326; defeated, 333; at Dem. state peace con., 354.

Kelly, John, succeeds Tweed as leader of Tam., iii. 288; appearance, 288; early career, 288; character, 288; reorganises Tam., 1871, 289; favours nomination of Greeley, 1872, 289; urges Schell for gov., 1872, 297; nominates Lawrence for mayor, 1872, 299; defeated, 302; declares for Tilden for gov., 1874, 310; blow at canal ring, 312; selects men of Tweed ring for city offices, 314; Havermeyer charges graft, 318 and note; elects Tam. ticket, 319; breaks with Morrissey, 1875, 325; his faction known as "Short-hairs," 325; ticket defeated, 1875, 331; opposes Tilden, 1876, 341-2; reunites with Morrissey, 1876, 346; his ticket elected, 350; breaks with Morrissey, 1877, 386; Morrissey elected, 389; controls state con., 1878, 392; nominates Schell for mayor, 394; badly punished by defeat, 396; gov. removes his best friend, 418; declares war on Robinson, 418, 420; charges against, 420; threatens to bolt con., 1879, 421; exhausts argument and trickery, 422-3; leaves the con., 423-4; holds one of his own, 424; accepts nomination for gov., 424; alliance with Cornell, 426; reasons for charge, 426; crushed by defeat, 427; refused admission to state con., 1880, 451; holds con. of his own, 451; fierce speech against Tilden, 452; refused admission to Nat. con., 1880, 457; cool treatment of, 458; spectacular reconciliation, 458; forces a state con., 1880, 460; controls it, 460; fools Irving Hall, 460; held responsible for Hancock's defeat, 483 and note; opponents organise County Democracy, 1881, 483-4; dels. excluded from state con., 1881, 484; holds balance of power in legislature, 1882, 487; his demands, 487, note; affiliates with Reps., 487; forces way into state con., 1882, 488; divides vote among four candidates for gov., 490; supports Cleveland in stampede, 491; joins County Democracy in local nominations, 1882, 498; city and state tickets elected, 498.

Kelly, William E., aspirant for gov., 1864, iii. 117; candidate for elector-at-large, 1864, 120; defeated, 125.

Kent, James, on Schuyler, i. 18; supports Jay, 1792, 55; personal appearance of, 55; on Supreme Court, 68; character of, 68; reforms of, 68; on Hamilton in Croswell case, 132-3; on Hamilton's future had he lived, 143; on privateering, 265; answered by Young, 265-6; asked to stand for U.S. senator, 268; in constitutional con., 1821, 298; freehold franchise, 299-300; heads electoral ticket, 1832, 393; law lectures, ii. 104; death of, 125.

Kent, William, son of the chancellor, ii. 31; calls Weed the "Dictator," 31; candidate for lt.-gov., 1852, 173; career of, 173-4; elector on fusion Dem. ticket, 1860, 326; criticised by Tribune, 327.

Kernan, Francis, ch'm. Dem. state con., 1861, iii. 17; views on emancipation, 17; refuses nomination for atty.-gen., 21; offices held, 21; elected to Congress, 1862, 52; del. to Dem. nat. con., 1864, 108; attends Saratoga con., 1866, 144; in Nat. Dem. con., 1868, 200; advises Seymour to accept presidency, 201; shabby treatment of, 270-1; nominated for gov., 1872, 297; defeated, 302; elected to U.S. Senate, 1874, 321; advocates gold standard, 396; defeated for re-election, 1881, 468.

Keyser, Abraham, state treas., ii. 1.

King, John A., son of Rufus, i. 259; on German's election as speaker, 259; predicts division of Federal party, 259; resents Clinton's control of Federalists, 267; charges Van Ness with hypocrisy, 268; president of Anti-Nebraska con., ii. 194; at birth of Rep. party, 212; nominated for gov., 236; character and career of, 236-7; elected, 241; at peace congress, 350.

King Park, Long Island, old home of Rufus King, i. 271.

King, Preston, supports Wilmot Proviso, ii. 102, 126; career and character of, 102; a Barnburner, 131; at Utica con., 131; supports Pierce and Seymour, 1852, 177; withdraws from con. of Softs, 1854, 197; at birth of Rep. party, 214; nominated for sec. of state, 214; elected U.S. senator, 243-5; disapproves Weed's compromise, 339; question of patronage, 390, 396.

Defeated for U.S. senate, 1863, iii. 54; creditable service, 54; deserted by Seward and Weed, 54; del.-at-large to Rep. nat. con., 1864, 92; supported Johnson for Vice-President, 94; approved Seward's removal from Cabinet, 94; early friend of President Johnson, 130; accepts collectorship of New York, 1865, 131; reconciliation with Seward, 131; suicide, 131; reasons for act, 131.

King, Rufus, U.S. senator, i. 44; referee in Clinton-Jay contest, 57; minister to England, 70; disapproves disunion, 134; spoken of for gov., 1804, 137; candidate for Vice-President, 1804, 147; candidate for Vice-President, 1808, 166; defeated, 167; opposes DeWitt Clinton for President, 202-6; re-elected U.S. senator, 211; charged with bargain, 211; nominated for gov., 1816, 236; strength of, 236; defeated, 236; doubts feasibility of Erie canal, 244; votes cast for re-election to U.S. senate, 267; resents Clinton's control of Federalists, 267; reasons for, 267; re-elected to U.S. senate, 269; courageous stand of Van Buren for, 268-70; gifts, character, and career of, 270-2; supported war of 1812, 270; opposed Missouri Compromise of 1820, 272; known as champion of freedom, 272; relations with Van Buren, 272; declines to join Bucktail party, 272; effort to prevent Tompkins' nomination, 277-9.

King's (Columbia) College, Gouverneur Morris a graduate of, i. 73.

Kinsella, Thomas, Brooklyn Eagle, a leading Dem. editor, iii. 420.

Kirkland, Charles S., in constitutional con., 1846, ii. 103; on elective judiciary, 109.

Kirkpatrick, Thomas, nominated for prison insp., 1871, iii. 264; elected, 275.

Knower, Benjamin, state treas., i. 294; member Albany Regency, 294; go-between of Van Buren and Clinton, 346, 348.

Know-Nothing party, see Native American party.

Labor Reform party, state con. of, 1877, iii. 384; its principles, 389; coalesces with Greenback party, 389; issues call for Nat. con., 389; see Nat.-Green.-Lab.-Reform party.

Labor Reform vote, 1870, iii. 244, note.

Ladue, Oliver, nominated for canal comr., 1862, iii. 45, note; defeated, 51.

Laflin, Fordyce, nominated for prison insp., 1866, iii. 226; elected, 227.

Laning, Albert P., character of, iii. 20; patriotic sentiments, 20; presents resolutions, 40; del. to Nat. Dem. con., 1864, 108; defeated for nomination for lt.-gov., 207; ch'm. state con., 1878, 392; rules in favour of Kelly, 393.

Lansing, Abraham G., removed as state treas., i. 165; character of, 165; restored as treas., 172.

Lansing, Garrett T., son of preceding, i. 165; removed as master in chancery, 179.

Lansing, John, Jr., del. to amend Articles of Confederation, i. 29; fitness for, 30; withdraws from con., 30; refuses to sign Federal Constitution, 31; member of Poughkeepsie con., 33; supports Clinton for gov., 1789, 43; appointed to Supreme Court, 45; story of his career, 129; made chancellor, 129; his murder, 130; selected for gov., 1804, 131; withdraws, 136; reasons for, 152-3.

Lapham, Elbridge G., nominated for U.S. senator, 1881, iii. 481; elected, 482.

Lapham, George H., nominated for state comp., 1881, iii. 484; defeated, 486.

Lawrence, Cornelius V.R., candidate for mayor of N.Y., 1834, i. 400; first year mayor was elective, 400; spirited contest, 400; elected, 401.

Lawrence, John, elected to U.S. senate, i. 70; career and character of, 70; prosecuted Major Andre, 70; marriage of, 70.

Lawrence, Lewis, editor of Utica Republican, iii. 385.

Leavenworth, Elias W., nominated for sec. of state, ii. 258.

Lecompton constitution, character of, ii. 246; Douglas on, 246; see Kansas.

Ledyard, Isaac, supports Burr for gov., 1792, i. 50.

Lester, Albert, in canal debate, ii. 63.

Lewis, Harris, nominated for gov., 1879, iii. 412; defeated, 427.

Lewis, Morgan, brother-in-law of Chancellor Livingston, i. 49; atty.-gen., 49; chief justice Supreme Court, 115; nominated for gov., 1804, 136; reasons for it, 137; career of, 136-7; powerful support, 137; elected, 138; practices nepotism, 147, 155, 156; favours Merchants' Bank, 148, 190; Clinton opposed to, 149-50; secures Council, 154; removes Clinton from mayoralty, 154-5; opposed by Tompkins, 155; renominated for gov., 161; defeated, 161; member of Council, 217; supports Riker for Supreme Court, 217; in war of 1812, 221; character as a soldier, 221; retires in disgrace, 225.

Lewis, William B., candidate for state treas., 1861, iii. 23, note; elected, 29.

L'Hommedieu, Ezra, in first constitutional con., i. 5; ridicules Livingston's steamboat, 76.

Liberal Republican party, organisation, 1872, iii. 280; calls Nat. con., 280; prominent Reps. aid movement, 280; Greeley's reasons for joining it, 281-2; nominate Greeley for President, 286; ticket endorsed by Dems., 289; defeated, 302; leaders in N.Y. return to Rep. party, 1874, 315.

Liberal Republican state conventions, 1872, Syracuse, iii. 296; 1874, Albany, 315-6; 1875, Albany, 326; 1876, Saratoga, 337; unites with Rep. state con., 1876, 337.

Lieutenant-governorship, not necessarily stepping stone to gov., i. 180.

Lincoln, Abraham, first meeting with Seward, ii. 143; defeated for nomination for Vice-President, 229; lectures in New York City, 262-4; Greeley on, 263-4; defeats Crittenden compromise, 344; Greeley's relations with, 402-3.

Orders relief of Fort Sumter, iii. 1; call for troops, 3; reply to Greeley, 35; letter to Seymour, 63; to Erastus Corning on Vallandigham, 65-6; letter to Seymour about draft, 71; letter to Rep. state con., 1863, 77-8; its influence, 79-80; relations with Seward, 84; with Weed, 85-7; veiled opposition to, 87; effort to postpone Rep. nat. con., 1864, 88-9; Radicals resent his relations with Weed and Seward, 89; renominated for President, 94; did he suggest Johnson for Vice-President, 95; ignores Weed's wishes, 97; message, Dec. 1863, 98; plan for restoration of Southern states, 98; longs for peace, 102; authority to Greeley, 102; sends Hay to Niagara Falls, 103; insists on abolition of slavery, 103; unpopularity of, 103; movement to substitute another candidate, 103-4 and note; Weed and Raymond hopeless of his election, 104-5; his iron nerve, 105; interest in N.Y. election, 125; elected, 125; assassination, 127.

Lindenwald, Van Buren's home, ii. 45-6.

Litchfield, Elisha, speaker of Assembly, ii. 59; career and character of, 59.

Littlejohn, DeWitt C., speaker of Assembly, ii. 207; declares for Seward, 207; opposes Greeley for U.S. senate, 364.

Livingston, Brockholst, brother-in-law of Jay, i. 6, 79; on U.S. Supreme Court, 6; hostility to Jay, 79; cousin of Chancellor, 116; appointed to state Supreme Court, 116.

Livingston, Charles L., speaker of Assembly, ii. 1.

Livingston, Edward, resents Alien-Sedition laws, i. 84; advised to give up Jefferson for Burr, 103; Burr thought him friendly, 103; practises deception, 103; U.S. atty., 104, 121; defaulter, 104; mayor of New York, 116; goes to New Orleans to reside, 150; sec. of state, ii. 1.

Livingston, Edward P., nominated for lt.-gov., 1830, i. 376; unpopular manners, 376; elected, 377; defeated for renomination for lt.-gov., 1832, 395.

Livingston, Gilbert, supports Clinton for gov., 1789, i. 43; his eloquence, 43.

Livingston, Maturin, son-in-law of Morgan Lewis, i. 147; appointed to office, 147; character of, 147-8; removed from office, 151; restored, 154; defeated for Supreme Court, 156; removed from office, 165.

Livingston, Peter R., hostility to DeWitt Clinton, i. 251; makes war on, 255; career and gifts of, 402; joins Whig party, 1834, 402; ch'm. of its first con., 402.

Livingston, Philip, in first constitutional con., i. 5.

Livingston, Robert R., member first constitutional con., i. 5; appointed chancellor, 16; member of Poughkeepsie con., 33; in campaign, 1789, 42; hostile to Hamilton, 47; strengthens Clinton, 47; left out in division of offices, 48; ceased to be a Federalist, 48; defeats Schuyler for U.S. senate, 49; opposes Jay, 1792, 55; steam navigation, 75-7; associated with Fulton, 77; nominated for gov., 78; hostility to Jay, 79; appearance and character of, 79; desires to be President, 80; mistakes signs of times, 81; defeated, 82; reasons for it, 83; his disposition, 83; minister to France, 115; assailed by Van Ness, 125; without ambition for further political honours, 150.

Lockwood, Daniel N., at Dem. state con., 1882, iii. 490; forceful presentation of Cleveland's name for gov., 490.

Locofocos, origin of title, ii. 16; applied to Dem. party, 16.

Loomis, Arphaxed, in constitutional con., 1846, ii. 109; character and gifts of, 110; resents war methods, 1861, iii. 18, 19.

Lord, Jarvis B., nominated for canal com., 1861, iii. 21, note; defeated, 29; renominated, 1864, 120; defeated, 125; opposes Tilden for gov., 1874, 312; exults over downfall of Tilden regime, 383.

Lott, John A., nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1869, iii. 226; elected, 227.

Lowell, James Russell, declares people long for peace, 1864, iii. 101.

Ludlow, William B., opposes Union state con., 1861, iii. 15.

Ludlow, William H., chairman of Softs' con., 1854, ii. 197; defeated, 203.

Lundy, Benjamin, original abolitionist, ii. 5; career of, 5-7.

McCarthy, Dennis, presents Washburne's name for Vice-President, 1880, iii. 444; moves Arthur's nomination, 445; on Robertson's appointment, 469.

McClellan, George B., succeeds Scott, 1861, iii. 31.

McComb, Alexander, charged with corrupt conduct, i. 54; friend of George Clinton, 54.

McDougal, Alexander, in first constitutional con., i. 5.

McGuire, Jeremiah, named as del.-at-large to Dem. nat. con., iii. 452; delegation rejected, 458.

McIntosh, James, nominated for sec. of state, 1877, iii. 384; defeated, 387.

McIntyre, Archibald, becomes comp., i. 151; controversy with Tompkins, 276; removal of, 287-9; elected state senator, 289; agent for state lotteries, 289.

McKean, James B., congressman, ii. 338; disapproves Weed's compromise, 338.

Del. to People's Union con., 1861, iii. 22; colonel 67th N.Y. regiment, 22; nominated for sec. of state, 1867, 174; defeated, 188.

McKelway, St. Clair, brilliant editor of Albany Argus, iii. 419; influence of, 419; returns to Brooklyn Eagle, 419, note.

McKenzie, William L., connected with Canadian rebellion, ii. 23-4.

McKnown, James, recorder at Albany, i. 347; forced upon Regency, 347; aids Van Buren's conciliatory policy, 347.

McLaughlin, Hugh, leader of Kings County Democracy, iii. 421; favours Robinson for gov., 1879, 421.

McNeil, David B., nominated for prison insp., 1864, iii. 120; defeated, 125; renominated, 207; elected, 215; renominated, 273; defeated, 275.

McNutt, Andrew J., nominated for prison insp., 1865, iii. 129; defeated, 135.

Mackin, James, nominated for state treas., 1877, iii. 384; elected, 387; renominated, 1879, 424; defeated, 427.

Madison, James, renominated for president, i. 197, 201; character of, 199, 200; offers Tompkins place of sec. of state, 237; dislike of Armstrong, 238; dislike of Monroe, 239.

Magone, Daniel, member of Tilden's canal commission, 1875, iii. 323.

Maine Liquor law, introduced by Clark, ii. 199; vetoed by Seymour, 199.

Manhattan Bank, clever trick of Burr to charter, i. 187.

Manning, Daniel B., early career, iii. 419; genius for political leadership, 419; successor of Richmond, 419; controls Robinson's candidacy, 1879, 420; his rare tactics, 421; ticket defeated by Kelly's bolt, 427; controls Dem. state con., 1880, 449; iron-clad unit rule, 450; endorses Tilden for President, 450; action at Dem. nat. con., 1880, 454-6; an indefinite letter, 454; a definite telegram, 456; delegation's loss of prestige, 456; controls Dem. state con., 1881, 484; great victory, 1882, 498.

Marble, Manton, writes Dem. platform, 1876, iii. 344; cipher dispatches, 1876, 350; a leading Dem. editor, 420.

Marey, William L., favours King's re-election to U.S. senate, i. 269; adjutant-general, 289; career, character, and appearance of, 289-94; capture of St. Regis, 293; original member of Albany Regency, 293-4; death of, 294; highest mountain in state named for, 294, note; becomes comp., 1823, 321; appointed to Supreme Court, 360; investigates death of Morgan, 360; in U.S. senate, 385; record as comp. and judge, 386; failure as senator, 386-8; to victors belong the spoils, 389; injures Van Buren, 389, note; nominated for gov., 1832, 394; "the Marcy patch," 395; elected, 396; "Marcy's mortgage," 400; renominated for gov., 1834, 403; hot campaign, 403-4; elected, 404.

Member of a powerful group, ii. 1; writes for Argus, 2; attitude toward slavery, 10; renominated, 1836, 11; elected, 14; signs bank charters, 16; renominated for gov., 1838, 22; review of his administration, 23-5; defeated, 28; appointed to Mexican Claims Commission, 30; canal policy, 49; sec. of war, 94; a Hunker, 127; becomes a Barnburner, 169; candidate for President, 1852, 169-72; Seymour favours, 169-72; sec. of state, 181-2.

Martindale, John H., record as a soldier, iii. 130; nominated for atty.-gen., 1865, 130; elected, 135.

Martling Men, forerunners of Tammany Hall, i. 132, 170; charge Clinton with duplicity, 352.

Mason, Charles, nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1867, iii. 174; defeated, 188; renominated, 1869, 226; defeated, 227.

Matthews, James N., Buffalo Express, a leading Rep. editor, iii. 414.

Matthews, Stanley, joins Lib. Rep. movement, iii. 283; opposes Greeley's nomination, 283.

Maxwell, Hugh, collector port of New York City, ii. 153; opposes Seward's endorsement, 153-4.

Maxwell, Robert A., nominated for state treas., 1881, iii. 484; elected, 486.

May, Samuel J., rescues a fugitive slave, ii. 165.

Mead, Sidney, nominated for canal com., 1873, iii. 308; defeated, 309.

Mears, John W., nominated for gov., 1879, iii. 412; defeated, 427.

Meigs, Henry, member of Congress, i. 285; correspondence with Van Buren, 285.

Mellspaugh, George W., nominated for prison insp., 1873, iii. 309; defeated, 309.

Merritt, Edwin A., attended Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, iii. 296; on com. to confer with Dems., 296; nominated for state treas., 1875, 325; defeated, 331; nominated for surveyor of port of New York, 1877, 399; confirmation defeated, 404-5; appointed collector of customs, 1878, 406; career and character, 406; able administrator, 406; confirmed, 409; nominated for con.-gen. to London, 1881, 469; confirmed, 477.

Miller, Elijah, father-in-law of Seward, i. 318; early friend of Weed, 318.

Miller, Jedediah, opposes Tompkins' accounts, i. 276.

Miller, Theodore, nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1874, iii. 314; elected, 319.

Miller, Warner, early career, iii. 467; character and ability, 467; aids election of Platt to U.S. senate, 1881, 468; nominated for U.S. senator, 480; elected, 481; ch'm. state Rep. con., 1881, 485.

Minthorne, Mangle, daughter married Tompkins, i. 161; leader of Martling Men, 161; bitter opponent of Clinton, 161, 181.

Missouri Compromise of 1820, i. 272, ii. 190; repeal of, ii. 190-5; Seward on, 191; excitement over, 192-5; opposition to, 193-5; John Van Buren on, 195; Marcy on, 195.

Mitchell, Samuel Latham, character of, i. 74; friend of Priestly, 74; attainments of, 75; member of Assembly, 75; steam navigation, 75; associated with R.R. Livingston, 77; friend of DeWitt Clinton, 108; in U.S. senate, 170.

Mohawk River, early schemes for its navigation, i. 242.

Mohawk River Valley, attracts New Englanders, i. 81.

Monroe, James, disliked by Madison, i. 239; helped by Van Buren, 240.

Mooers, Benjamin, deserts DeWitt Clinton, i. 279.

Moore, Sir Henry, projects canal around Little Falls, i. 242.

"Morey letter," in campaign, 1880, iii. 462; Garfield brands it a forgery, 462; fictitious character made clear, 462; used by Dems. with great force, 462.

Morgan, Christopher, sec. of state, ii. 127.

Morgan, Edwin D., at birth of Rep. party, ii. 213; nominated for gov., 1858, 248; character and career of, 248; elected, 255; at Chicago con., 1860, 283; renominated for gov., 1860, 328; elected, 333; conservative appeal to Legislature, 348.

Forwards troops promptly, 1861, iii. 7; acts as agent of President, 7; thinks Wadsworth available for gov., 1862, 42; declines renomination, 1862, 44; creditable record, 44; elected to U.S. senate, 1863, 54; taste for political life, 54; criticised, 55; at Rep. state con., 1863, 74; bitter feeling against, 74; urges Lincoln's renomination, 87; supports Johnson, 142; votes to override veto, 142; seeks re-election to U.S. senate, 1869, 219; weakened by association with Johnson, 219; supported by Conkling's followers, 220; defeated by Fenton, 222; at Rep. nat. con., 1876, 333; nominated for gov., 1876, 338; defeated, 350; declines secretaryship of treasury, 1881, 486.

Morgan, William, career of, i. 359; disclosure of Free Masonry, 359; abduction of, 359; left at Fort Niagara, 359; drowned in Lake Ontario, 360; excitement over crime, 359-60; investigation of, 360; punishment of conspirators, 360; see Anti-Masons.

Morris, Gouverneur, elected to U.S. senate, i. 71; family of, 71-2; association with Hamilton and Jay, 73; conservatism of, 74; life in Paris, 74, note; opposes Burr, 100; supports DeWitt Clinton for President, 202-6; favours disunion, 228; predicts construction of Erie canal, 241; canal commissioner, 243.

Morris, Lewis, member first constitutional con., i. 5; served in Continental Congress, 72; family of, 71-4.

Morris, Richard, in first constitutional con., i. 5; nomination as gov. desired, 39; character of, 40; on Hamilton's speech at Poughkeepsie, 40; treatment of Gouverneur, his half brother, 72.

Morris, Robert, member of Poughkeepsie con., i. 33.

Morris, Staats Long, served in Parliament, i. 73; family of, 71-4.

Morrissey, John, opposes Dix for gov., 1866, iii. 158; breaks with Kelly, 1875, 325; faction known as "Swallow-tails," 325; delegation rejected by Dem. state con., 325; organises Irving Hall, 1875, 331; runs for state senator, 331; endorsed by Reps., 331; elected, 331; reunites with Kelly, 1876, 346; opposes Kelly, 1877, 382-3; runs for state senator against Schell, 1877, 386; fierce fight, 386; great victory, 388; death, 388.

Morton, Levi P., defeated for Congress, 1876, iii. 350; elected, 1878, 397; declines to become a candidate for Vice-President, 1880, 444; acts upon Conkling's advice, 444; choice of Conkling for U.S. senator, 1881, 465; suggested for sec. of treas. and navy, 468; declines secretaryship of navy, 1881, 469; becomes ambassador to France, 1881, 469.

Morton, Oliver P., speaks in New York, iii. 282; prophecy as to Lib. Rep. nat. con., 282.

Mosely, Daniel, appointed to Supreme Court, i. 366.

Mozart Hall, organisation of, 1858, iii. 30; represents Fernando Wood, 30; nominates Wood for mayor, 30; defeated, 29; after 1866 failed to present a ticket, 268, note.

Mulligan, John W., appointed surrogate of New York, i. 179.

Murphy, Henry C., character of, iii. 156; aspirant for gov., 1866, 156; active in campaign, 1867, 186; at Dem. nat. con., 1868, 197; heads com. on res., 197; career of, 197; aspirant for gov., 1868, 205.

Murphy, Thomas, charges Fenton with graft, 1869, iii. 221; appointed collector of New York, 1870, 233; bitter criticism of, 233; by whom recommended, 233; Conkling secures his confirmation, 235; contest with Fenton, 234-5; changes made in custom-house, 251, note; efforts to crush Fenton machine, 250-63; severely criticised, 279; supports Crowley for U.S. senate, 1881, 465.

Myers, Charles G., presents Dix's name for gov., 1862, iii. 44.

Nast, Thomas, cartoons Tweed ring, iii. 245; rejects enormous bribe, 245; startling cartoon, 274; Tweed proposes to stop the paper, 274.

National Advocate, edited by Noah, i. 262; opposition to Erie canal, 262; silenced, 262.

National Greenback Labor Reform party, iii. 389; hist. of its organisation, 389; con. Syracuse, 1878, 389; its principles, 389; represents large vote, 397; its influence on Dem. party, 397; holds state con., 1879, 412.

National Republicans, followers of Adams, 1828, i. 361; adopt ticket of Anti-Masons, 1832, 393; reason for defeat, 396; party, 1834, becomes Whig, 399.

National Union state convention, 1866, iii. 154; substitute for Dem. state con., 154; attended by Reps. and Dems., 155; Dix defeated by Hoffman for gov., 1866, 159; platform for home rule, 160.

Native American party, organised, 1844, ii. 82; opposed foreigners voting or holding office, 82; confined to New York City, 82; elected a mayor, 1844, 82; in constitutional con., 1846, 97-100; revived, 1854, as Know-Nothings, 201; secret methods of, 201; Seward opposed to, 201-2; unknown strength of, 202-3; Silver-Grays partial to, 202; nominations, 1854, 202; defeated, 204; its con., 1855, 214; elected its ticket, 216; defeated, 1858, 255; endorse Reps. and Dems., 1859, 258-9; Wilson on, 259.

Negro suffrage, i. 299-300.

Left it to Southern state, iii. 128; Greeley advocates it, 128; Weed and Raymond oppose it, 130; Rep. state con., 1865, dodges it, 133; not squarely met, 1866, 153; aids to defeat Rep. party, 1867, 185-7; defeats Constitution of 1867, 227.

Nelson, Absolom, nominated for canal com., 1870, iii. 238; defeated, 244.

Nelson, Homer A., nominated for sec. of state, 1869, iii. 226; elected, 227; aspires to be gov., 1872, 297; again an aspirant for gov., 1882, 488.

Nelson, Samuel, member of constitutional con., 1821, i. 298; career of, 298; investigates death of Morgan, 360; made justice of U.S. Supreme Court, ii. 97, 103; in constitutional con., 1846, 103.

Nepotism, practised by DeWitt Clinton, i. 117, 347; Gov. Lewis, 147; Gov. Yates, 321; Gov. Bouck, ii. 57.

Gov. Seymour, iii. 80; Gov. Dix, 316.

Newspapers, leading Rep. journals in state, iii. 413-4; leading Dem. journals in state, 420.

New York City merchants, their losses, 1861, iii. 31.

New York City, work of radicals in, i. 1; census of, 1820, 295.

New York, Colony of, tainted with Toryism, i. 23.

New York draft-riot, 1863, iii. 68, 69.

New York Evening Post, established by Hamilton and Jay, i. 117; edited by William Coleman, 117.

New York Legislature, gerrymander of, iii. 397-8.

New York troops, promptly forwarded after Lincoln's call, 1861, iii. 7; engaged at battle of Bull Run, 12, note.

Nicholas, John, member of Council of Appointment, 1807, i. 156.

Nichols, Asher P., nominated for state comp., 1870, iii. 231; elected, 244; renominated, 1871, 273; defeated, 275; renominated, 308; defeated, 309.

Noah, Mordecai Manesseh, editor National Advocate, i. 262; character and career of, 262, 351; opposed to Erie canal, 262; opposition silenced by Van Buren, 262; supports Clinton for gov., 1826, 351.

North, S. Newton Dexter, Albany Express, a leading Rep. editor, iii. 414.

North, William, elected to U.S. senate, i. 70; service and character of, 71; on staff of Baron Steuben, 71 and note; speaker of Assembly, 171.

Nott, Eliphalet, President Union College, ii. 34.

Noyes, William Curtis, at peace congress, ii. 350.

Presents letter from Morgan, 1862, iii. 44; would welcome Lincoln's withdrawal, 1864, 104.

O'Conor, Charles, in constitutional con., 1846, ii. 104; opposes negro suffrage, 107; on elective judiciary, 109; opposed constitution of 1846, 112; conservatism of, 112; nominated for lt.-gov., 1848, 134; career of, 134-5; in campaign, 1852, 178; declines to support the Softs, 186.

Sympathy with the South, iii. 4; supports' Tilden's attack upon the Tweed ring, 268; letter to Dem. state con., 1871, 272; credits Tilden with impeachment of Tweed judges, 293.

O'Rourke, Matthew J., aids in exposure of Tweed ring, iii. 246; estimated aggregate of sum stolen, 248-9.

Oakley, Thomas J., surrogate of Dutchess County, i. 171; removed, 179; friend of Clinton, 254; displaces Van Buren as atty.-gen., 273; opposes Tompkins' accounts, 276; removed as atty.-gen., 287.

Oaksmith, Appleton, del. to seceding states, ii. 351-2.

Office-seekers, number and persistence of, ii. 388-9.

Ogden, Darius A., nominated for canal com., 1876, iii. 347; elected, 351.

"Ohio Idea," The, iii. 179-181.

Olcott, Frederick P., nominated for state comp., 1877, iii. 384; elected, 387; renominated, 1879, 424; defeated, 427.

Olcott, Thomas W., financier of Albany Regency, ii. 20; refuses nomination for state comp., 1863, iii. 74.

Opdyke, George, acts as agent of U.S. Government, 1861, iii. 7; elected mayor of N.Y., 1861, 29; career and character, 30; at Rep. state con., 1863, 74; loses place on state com., 74; favours new candidate in place of Lincoln, 104, and note.

Orr, Alexander E., member of Tilden's canal commission, 1875, iii. 323.

Ostrander, Catherine, wife of Weed, i. 318; true love match, 319; waited for him three years, 319.

Ottendorfer, Oswald, editor N.Y. Staats-zeitung, iii. 268; efforts at reform, 268; at Dem. state con., 1871, 272; influence, 272.

Palmer, Abiah W., nominated for state comp., 1870, iii. 238; defeated, 244.

Parker, Amasa J., nominated for gov., 1856, ii. 232-3; career and ability of, 233-4; defeated, 241; nominated for gov., 1858, 249; defeated, 255; at Dem. state peace con., 354; president of, 354.

President of Dem. state con., 1863, iii. 79; aspirant for gov., 1864, 118; presented for gov., 1874, 313; president of Kelly's state con., 1880, 451; named as del.-at-large to Nat. con., 452; delegation refused admission, 457; part in spectacular reconciliation, 458.

Parkhurst, John, nominated for prison insp., 1870, iii. 238; defeated, 244.

Parmenter, Roswell A., nominated for atty.-gen., 1881, iii. 484; defeated, 486.

Parrish, Daniel, state senator, i. 178.

Patrick, J.N.H., dispatches to Pelton from Oregon, 1876, iii. 351.

Patrick, Marsena R., nominated for state treas., 1865, iii. 129; defeated, 135.

Patterson, George W., to Weed about Fillmore, ii. 79; in constitutional con., 1846, 103; on elective judiciary, 109; nominated for lt.-gov., 1848, 140; character of, 140; defeated for state comp., 165; Greeley on, 165-6; ambitious to be gov., 1852, 173.

Payn, Louis P., renominated for U.S. marshal, 1881, iii. 469; nomination withdrawn, 475; warns Conkling and Platt of defeat, 481; chided by Sharpe, 481; prophecy fulfilled, 481, note.

Peace congress, 1861, ii. 350; suggested by Virginia, 350; adopted by Legislature of New York, 350; dels. to, 350; convened at Washington, 358; its work and results, 358-60.

Peaceable secession, Greeley advocates, ii. 335-6; also Abolitionists, 336; preferable to civil war, 347, 355.

Peck, Jedediah, opposed Alien-Sedition laws, i. 89; arrested, 89; creates great excitement, 89.

Peckham, Rufus H., a supporter of Tilden, iii. 422; cool and determined, 422; in Dem. state con., 1879, 422; at Dem. nat. con., 1880, 457.

Peckham, Rufus W., opposes repeal of Missouri Compromise, ii. 195.

Pelton, William T., nephew of Tilden, iii. 350; lived in Tilden's house, 350; cipher dispatches, 350-1.

People's party, supports Adams, 1824, i. 324; stood for popular election of Presidential electors, 324; resented defeat of the measure, 326; Tallmadge and Wheaton lead it, 324; secedes from Utica con., 331-2; supports Clinton, 1826, 350; joins Nat. Rep. party, 1828, 361.

People's Union convention, 1861, iii. 21, 22.

Perkins, Edward O., nominated for clerk of Court of Appeals, 1865, iii. 129; defeated, 135.

Perrin, Edward O., nominated for clerk of Court of Appeals, 1868, iii. 207; elected, 215.

Perry, Oliver H., victory on Lake Erie, i. 225.

Phelps, Oliver, nominated for lt.-gov. with Burr, 1804, i. 131; character of, 138.

Philadelphia Union convention, 1866, iii. 144; Dix the ch'm., 144; Richmond and Weed managers, 144; Raymond heads resolution committee, 144; picturesque features, 144.

Phillips, Wendell, opposition to arbitrary arrests, 1862, iii. 19, note.

Pierce, Franklin, nominated for President, 1852, ii. 169-72; elected, 179; humiliated Dix, 182, note; appoints Marcy sec. of state, 182.

Pierrepont, Edwards, life and character of, iii. 155; favoured Dix for gov., 1866, 155; sudden change to Hoffman, 159; Weed's surprise, 159.

Pitcher, Nathaniel, elected lt.-gov., i. 352; career of, 366; character of, 366; acting gov., 366; appointments of, 366; defeated for renomination by Van Buren, 366; ceases to act with Jackson party, 367.

Pitt, William, compared with Hamilton, i. 3.

Platt, Jonas, defeated for Supreme Court, i. 156; character of, 156, 173-4; nominated for gov., 173; assails embargo, 174; betrayed by prejudices, 176; defeated for gov., 179; supports Clinton for mayor, 213; and for gov., 1817, 248; retires from Supreme Court, 323; later career and death of, 323.

Platt, Moss K., nominated for prison insp., 1873, iii. 308; endorsed by Liberals, 309; elected, 309.

Platt, Thomas C., early career, iii. 363; character and ability, 364; ch'm. Rep. state con., 1877, 364; candidate for U.S. senate, 1881, 465; Stalwart leaders divide, 465; supported by Cornell, 465; opposed by Arthur, Sharpe, Murphy, and Smyth, 465; promise made to Half-breeds, 468; with their aid nominated in caucus, 468; elected, 468; Robertson's appointment, Mar. 23, 469; failure of his efforts to have it withdrawn, 475; tenders resignation, May 16, 476; reasons for it, 477-8; seeks re-election at Albany, 478; Rep. caucus refused, 479; first ballot gives highest vote, 479; withdraws as a candidate, July 1, 480; successor elected, July 16, 481.

Platt, Zephaniah, father of Jonas Platt, i. 156; character and career of, 156; founded Plattsburgh, 156; served in Legislature and in Congress, 156.

Plumb, Joseph, nominated for lt.-gov. by Abolitionists, 1850, ii. 156.

Political campaigns, begin 1789, i. 44; abusive, 1792, 52; young men in, 56 and note; modern methods introduced, 90.

Pomeroy, Theodore M., at Rep. nat. con., 1876, iii. 334; aspires to be gov., 1879, 414; career and character of, 414 and note.

Porter, John K., in constitutional con., 1846, ii. 104; nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1865, iii. 130; elected, 135.

Porter, Peter B., supports Burr, 1804, i. 138; removed as county clerk, 147; character and career of, 148; member of Congress, 148; secretary of war, 148; appointed sec. of state, 233; canal com., 213; opposed Clinton for gov., 1817, 249; brilliant war record, 249; eloquence of, 250; nominated for gov. by Tam., 251; defeated, 252; aspirant for gov., 1822, 318; supports Clay, 1824, 324; nominated for Assembly, 1827, 358.

Porter, Peter A., declines nomination for sec. of state, 1863, iii. 75; prefers military to civil office, 75.

Post, Henry, confidential correspondent of DeWitt Clinton, i. 243.

Potter, Clarkson N., aspires to be gov., 1876, iii. 345; president of Dem. state con., 1777, 384; failure of fraud investigation, 395 and note; nominated for lt.-gov., 1879, 424; defeated, 427; candidate for U.S. senate, 1881, 482; defeated, 482.

Poughkeepsie convention, ratifies Federal Constitution, i. 33; number of dels., 33; champions of Constitution, 33; opponents of, 33; date of ratification, 35; vote on, 36.

Powell, Archibald C., nominated for state eng., 1867, iii. 174; defeated, 188.

Pratt, Daniel, nominated for atty.-gen., 1873, iii. 308; elected, 309.

Prince, L. Bradford, nominated for naval officer, 1877, iii. 399; not confirmed, 405.

Privateers in war of 1812, Samuel Young's description of, i. 266.

Prohibition, issue, 1854, ii. 203; law passed, 210; declared unconstitutional, 210.

Prohibition party organised, 1874, iii. 316; nominated Clark for gov., 1874, 316; total vote, 319; state con., 1875, 326; state con., 1876, 346; state con., 1877, 384; state con., 1878, 392; state con., 1879, 412; principles of, 412.

Pruyn, Robert H., aspirant for gov., 1866, iii. 156; services of, 156; nominated for lt.-gov., 1866, 159; defeated, 165.

Pulitzer, Joseph, N.Y. World, a leading Dem. editor, iii. 420.

Purcell, William, supporter of Tam., iii. 383; editor Rochester Union Advertiser, 420; a leading journalist, 420; nominated for sec. of state, 1881, 484; defeated, 486.

Purdy, Ebenezer, state senator, i. 149; charged with bribery, 149, 190; character of, 190; resigns to escape expulsion, 191.

Putnam, James O., a Silver-Gray, ii. 156; eloquence of, 156; votes for Babcock for U.S. senator, 1855, 207; favours union of American and Rep. parties, 249; elector-at-large, 328; Americans follow him into Rep. party, 332.

"Quids," nickname for Gov. Lewis' followers, 1806, i. 152.

Radcliff, Jacob, appointed on Supreme Court, i. 68; life of, 69; character and appearance of, 69; becomes mayor of New York City, 172; removed, 179.

Radical and Conservative Democrats, difference in canal policy, ii. 53.

Radicals, faction of Dem. party, ii. 52, 126; opposed state debt to construct canal, 52, 126; leaders of, 53, 126; called Barnburners after supporting the Wilmot Proviso, 126; see Barnburners.

Raines, Thomas, nominated for state treas., 1871, iii. 264; elected, 275; joins Lib. Rep. party, 307; dropped by Reps., 307; renominated by Dems., 1873, 308; elected, 309.

Randall, Henry S., biographer of Jefferson, ii. 324; Barnburner, 324; ch'm. of Hards' state con., 1860, 324.

Randolph, John, teller when J.Q. Adams was elected President, i. 343.

Rapallo, Charles J., nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1880, iii. 460; defeated, 463.

Raymond, Henry Jarvis, in Assembly, ii. 159; speaker, 159; career and gifts of, 159-61; editor of N.Y. Courier, 160; established N.Y. Times, 160; quarrels with Webb, 161; supports Fish for U.S. senate, 162; ambition to be gov., 1852, 173; at Anti-Nebraska con., 194; nominated for lt.-gov., 1854, 199; deep offence to Greeley, 199-200; elected, 204; at birth of Rep. party, 213; active, 1856, 240; favours Douglas for U.S. senator, 247; at Chicago con., 283; calls Greeley a disappointed office-seeker, 306-7; Greeley's letter to Seward, 1854, 307; endorses Weed's compromise, 337.

Elected to Assembly, iii. 29; upholds Lincoln's policy, 42; favours Dix, 1862, 42; ch'm. Rep. state con., 1862, 44; replies to Seymour, 44; candidate for U.S. senate, 1863, 55; del.-at-large to Rep. nat. con., 1864, 92; reports the platform, 93; supports Johnson for Vice-President, 94; zenith of his influence, 95; why he supported Johnson, 95; did Lincoln whisper to him, 96; writes Lincoln of hopeless situation, 105-6; elected to Congress, 1864, 126; great victory, 126; supports President Johnson, 132; enters Congress, 137; prestige of, 138; his maiden speech, 138; defeated, 141; sustains veto, 142; his fickleness, 142; satirised by Stevens, 142, note; hesitates to attend Philadelphia con., 1866, 143; Seward urges him on, 143; extreme views, 145; removed from Rep. Nat. Ex. Com., 145; Congress added no fame, 145; mental weariness, 146; refuses to support Hoffman for gov., 161; returns to Rep. party, 161; supports Fenton with loyalty, 161; declines to run for Congress, 161; sincerity of, 161; brilliant life cut short, 175.

Redfield, Herman J., kept out of office, i. 348.

Ch'm. Dem. state con., 1861, ii. 17; his views on the war, 18; prophecy of, 18.

Reed, Thomas B., Conkling's attack on Curtis found in scrap-book, iii. 374, note; listed among masterpieces of sarcasm and invective, 374.

Reeves, Henry A., Greenport Republican Watchman, a leading Dem. editor, iii. 420.

Reid, Whitelaw, N.Y. Tribune, iii. 414; leading Rep. editor, 414; telegram about Robertson's appointment, 472-3.

Renwick, James, characteristics of Tompkins, i. 215.

Republican national conventions, Baltimore, 1864, iii. 93; Chicago, 1868, 192; Philadelphia, 1872, 291-2; Cincinnati, 1876, 333-5; Chicago, 1880, 438-46.

Republican party, Anti-Nebraska con., ii. 194; Greeley favoured its organisation, 1854, 200; Weed and Seward opposed, 200; Greeley named it, 211; Executive Committee appointed, 1854, 211; formal organisation, 1855, 211-4; its platform, 213; Seward's speech for, 217-8; Silver-Grays defeat it, 219; Weed and Seward criticised, 219-20; carried state for Fremont and King, 241-2; elect gov., 1858, 255; made up of young men, 328-9; elect Lincoln and Morgan, 333; desired peace, 360.

Republican State Committee, proposes a Union state con., 1861, iii. 15.

Republican state conventions, 1861, Syracuse, iii. 21; 1862, Syracuse, 44; 1863, Syracuse, 73; 1864, Syracuse, 90, 115; 1865, Syracuse, 129; 1866, Syracuse, 150; 1867, Syracuse, 172; 1868, Syracuse, 193; 1869, Syracuse, 225; 1870, Saratoga, 235; 1871, Syracuse, 257; 1872, Utica, 292; 1873, Utica, 307; 1874, Utica, 315; 1875, Saratoga, 324; 1876, Saratoga, 336-9; 1877, Rochester, 362-77; 1878, Saratoga, 301; 1879, Saratoga, 412-8; 1880, Utica, 429-34; 1881, Saratoga, 485; 1882, Saratoga, 492.

Reynolds, Marcus T., wit of, ii. 390.

Rhodes, William C., nominated for prison director, 1861, iii. 21, note.

Richmond, Dean, original Barnburner, ii. 131; leadership at Charleston con., 1860, 270-9; character and career of, 271-2; believed to be for Seymour, 276, 298, note, 299; sustains two-thirds rule, 277; defeats Douglas' nomination under rule, 277-8; sustains admission of contestants, 300; Dickinson's attack on, 302-3; intentions of, 303; calls Dem. state peace con., 354.

Opposes a Union state con., 1861, iii. 15; reasons therefor, 16; appeal to Seymour, 38, 39; draft circular, 82; del. to Dem. nat. con., 1864, 101; opposes Seymour for President, 107; supports McClellan, 107; supports Johnson, and manages Saratoga and Philadelphia conventions, 1866, 144; favours Dix for gov., 1866, 155; sudden death, 158; first unofficial man in America, 159; dies in home of Tilden, 265, note.

Richmond Enquirer, resents unanimity of the North, 1861, iii. 9, 10.

Richmond Examiner, resents Unionism in New York, 1861, iii. 9, 10.

Richmond, Henry A., son of Dean, iii. 39, note; succeeds father on state committee, 265, note.

Richmond, Van Rensselaer, nominated for state eng., 1869, iii. 226; elected, 227, renominated, 1871, 273; defeated, 275.

Riker, Richard, dist.-atty., i. 117; assailed by Van Ness, 124; acts as second for DeWitt Clinton, 127; Clinton fails to support him for Supreme Court, 218; affection for Clinton turned into hate, 218; Clinton removed him as recorder, 273.

Roberts, Ellis H., character and services of, iii. 169; aids Conkling's election to U.S. senate, 1867, 170; defeats Conkling's candidate for state senate, 1877, 388 and note.

Roberts, Marshall O., attends Saratoga con., 1866, iii. 144; aspires to be gov., 1870, 237; Fenton's candidate, 237; approves books of Tweed's comp., 245; secedes from Rep. state con., 1871, 264; meets with a separate body, 264; among supporters of Greeley, 1872, 283.

Robertson, William H., early career, iii. 293; character and ability, 293; aspires to be gov., 1872, 293; opposition, 293; defeated by Dix, 293; beginning of dislike of Conkling, 294; declines nomination for state comp., 1874, 325; votes for Blaine at Rep. nat. con., 1876, 335; aspirant for gov., 1876, 337; suggested for gov., 1879, 414; decides to vote for Blaine, 1880, 436; his letter, 437; other Half-breeds follow, 437; votes for Blaine at Rep. nat. con., 1880, 441; nominated for collector of customs, Mar. 23, 1881, 469; a surprise, 469; reports and theories, 469-70; a Blaine triumph, 470-1; endorsed by Legislature, 472; efforts at compromise, 472; confirmed, 476.

Robinson, John C., nominated for state eng., 1869, iii. 226; withdraws from ticket, 226; nominated for lt.-gov., 1872, iii. 296; elected, 302; renominated, 1874, 315; defeated, 319; name presented for gov., 1882, 492.

Robinson, Lucius, candidate for state comp., 1861, iii. 23, note; elected, 29; valuable services, 74; renominated, 1863, 74; elected, 83; signs call for Cleveland con., 1864, 90; resents infringement of rights of individuals and states, 90; letter to Cleveland con., 92; declares Administration guilty of mistakes, 92; suggests nomination of Grant, 93; prefers a candidate other than Lincoln, 104 and note; Dems. renominate him for state comp., 1865, 129; a political somersault, 129; kind words by Reps., 129; a faithful official, 129; defeated, 135; aspires to be gov., 1872, 297; nominated for state comp., 1874, 326; elected, 331; nominated for gov., 1876, 340; elected, 350; character of administration, 379; leadership at Dem. state con., 1877, 379; Kelly opposes old ticket, 382; relies upon Hill's ruling, 382; Tilden regime routed, 383; denounces Rep. gerrymander, 397-8; removes Kelly's henchman, 418; accepted as declaration of war, 418; Kelly's charges, 420; renominated for gov., 424; Kelly bolts, 424; defeated, 427.

Rochester, William B., character and career of, i. 350; nominated for gov., 1826, 350; proved strong candidate, 351; defeated, 352; believed Van Buren's support insincere, 352; proposed for U.S. senator, 352; lost at sea, 352, note.

Rogers, Sherman S., nominated for lt.-gov., 1876, iii. 338-39; defeated, 350; candidate for U.S. senate, 1881, 467.

Roosevelt, Theodore, nominated for collector of customs, 1878, iii. 399; not confirmed, 405; died, 1879, 406.

Root, Erastus, gifts and character of, i. 85; career of, 86; friend of Burr, 86; opposes Alien-Sedition laws, 86; strikes at nullification, 87; his opinion of Burr and Hamilton, 91; supports Burr, 1804, 138; defence of methods used by State Bank, 188-9; changes views in case of Merchants' Bank, 191; opposes Bank of America, 196; makes war on Clinton, 255; unfriendly to Erie canal, 261; opposition silenced, 262; favours settlement of Tompkins' accounts, 276; conspicuous work in constitutional con., 1821, 299-310; aspirant for gov., 1822, 313; sent to Assembly, 1827, 357; sought nomination for gov., 1830, 376; leaves Jackson party, 1832, 394; death of, ii. 104.

Roseboom, Robert, member of Council of Appointment, i. 107; controlled by DeWitt Clinton, 107.

Ross, Charles N., nominated for state treas., 1874, iii. 326; elected, 331.

Rouse, Caspar M., accused David Thomas of bribery, i. 193.

Ruger, William C., elected chief judge of Court of Appeals, 1882, iii. 499.

Ruggles, Charles H., in constitutional con., 1846, ii. 109; chairman judiciary com., 109; nominated for Court of Appeals, 184; character of, 184; elected, 189.

Ruggles, Samuel B., Seward's reliance upon, ii. 34.

Russell, Leslie W., nominated for atty.-gen., 1881, iii. 485; elected, 486.

Sage, Russell, in Congress, ii. 195; opposes repeal of Missouri Compromise, 195.

Sanders, John, member of Council of Appointment, i. 107.

Sanford, Nathan, career and character of, i. 170; defends embargo, 170-1; opposes DeWitt Clinton for President, 203; elected U.S. senator, 233; succeeded by Van Buren, 286; succeeded by Jones for chancellor, 347; re-elected U.S. senator, 347.